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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (3,802)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (3,277)
  • 1970-1974  (525)
  • 1925-1929
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 101
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    Prospects for the development of phototelevision methods in space studies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In-space imaging of the surface of celestial bodies can be carried out by both television and photographic equipment. Television equipment of various types has the important property of being capable of transmitting imagery in real time. Frequently this is not possible because of the nature of information transmission over the spacecraft-ground communication line. The inadequate energy handling capacity of the communication lines usually requires storage of the video information aboard the spacecraft for subsequent transmission at a definite time and rate. For this purpose, the television camera can be connected with a magnetic memory, or the television imagery may be stored on photographic film. The television/photographic film system has been termed phototelevision. The choice of a system of one type or the other is dictated by several considerations, the most important of which are the size and weight characteristics, other conditions being the same (power consumption, reliability, etc.). The advantages and disadvantages of the two systems are discussed and examples are given of types of satellites on which the two types have been employed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 21-28
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  • 102
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    Mineral resources, geological structures, and landform surveys (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Since March 1973 there has been a shift in ERTS results in geology from the initial show-and-tell stage to a period in which scientific studies predominated, and now to an emphasis on effective applications having economic benefits and clearcut relevance to national needs. Many years will be spent on geological tasks resulting from ERTS alone; reconnaissance mapping in inaccessible regions, map revisions, regional or synoptic analysis of crustal fractures, assessment of dynamic surficial processes, systematic search for mineral wealth, use of sophisticated enhancement techniques, recognition of potential geologic hazards, and many more applications that still need to be defined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 147-167
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  • 103
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    Land use and mapping (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The ERTS program provides data that can be used to derive information relative to the actual use of the land resource, in a practical and timely manner. ERTS data provide coverage of total land areas, and its repetitive nature enables the detection and monitoring of changes taking place in land use. Generally, the techniques and the procedures used to extract information from ERTS data may be categorized as pertaining to either the interpretations of ERTS imagery or to the use of digital data and computer techniques. Examples are given of the use of ERTS-1 data for land use classification in: (1) New England areas; (2) Chesapeake Bay and Washington, D.C.; (3) Mississippi Gulf Coast; (4) Los Angeles, California; (5) Houston, Texas; and (6) Phoenix, Arizona.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 138-146
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  • 104
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    Water resources (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: ERTS-1 applications in snow and ice monitoring, surface water monitoring, including monitoring of wetland areas and flood inundated area mapping, and also watershed monitoring for runoff prediction are discussed. Results also indicate that geological features can be noted which relate to ground water. ERTS-1 data can be used successfully in operational situations by water resources management agencies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 126-137
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  • 105
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    Agriculture, forestry, range resources (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The necessary elements to perform global inventories of agriculture, forestry, and range resources are being brought together through the use of satellites, sensors, computers, mathematics, and phenomenology. Results of ERTS-1 applications in these areas, as well as soil mapping, are described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 116-125
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  • 106
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    Automated strip mine and reclamation mapping from ERTS (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In response to the urgent need for a faster and more economical means of generating strip mine and reclamation maps, a study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of using ERTS computer compatible tape for automatic mapping. The procedure uses computer target spectral recognition techniques as a basis for classification. The area encompassed by this investigation includes five counties in eastern Ohio that comprise nearly 7,500 square kilometers (3,000 square miles). The counties have been disrupted by coal mining since the early 1800's, and strip mining has been practiced in all of them. The environmental effects of strip mining are also discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 87-101
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  • 107
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    A review of initial investigations to utilize ERTS-1 data in determining the availability and distribution of living marine resources (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The National Marine Fisheries Service has been studying the application of aerospace remote sensing to fisheries management and utilization for many years. The 15-month ERTS study began in July 1972 to: (1) determine the reliability of satellite and high altitude sensors to provide oceanographic parameters in coastal waters; (2) demonstrate the use of remotely-sensed oceanographic information to predict the distribution and abundance of adult menhaden; and (3) demonstrate the potential use of satellites for acquiring information for improving the harvest and management of fisheries resources. The study focused on a coastal area in the north-central portion of the Gulf of Mexico, including parts of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. The test area used in the final analysis was the Mississippi Sound and the area outside the barrier islands to approximately the 18-meter (10-fathom) curve.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 76-86
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  • 108
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    ERTS program of the US Army Corps of Engineers (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Army Corps of Engineers research and development efforts associated with the ERTS Program are confined to applications of investigation, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of water resource projects. Problems investigated covered: (1) resource inventory; (2) environmental impact; (3) pollution monitoring; (4) water circulation; (5) sediment transport; (6) data collection systems; (7) engineering; and (8) model verification. These problem areas were investigated in relation to bays, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, coasts, and regions. ERTS-1 imagery has been extremely valuable in developing techniques and is now being used in everyday applications.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 62-75
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  • 109
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    An evaluation of the suitability of ERTS data for the purposes of petroleum exploration (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This investigation was undertaken to determine the types and amounts of information valuable to petroleum exploration that are extractable from ERTS data and to determine the cost of obtaining the information from ERTS relative to costs using traditional or conventional means. In particular, it was desirable to evaluate this new petroleum exploration tool in a geologically well-known area in order to assess its potential usefulness in an unknown area. In light of the current energy situation, it is felt that such an evaluation is important in order to best utilize technical efforts with customary exploration tools, by rapidly focusing attention on the most promising areas in order to reduce the time required to go through the exploration cycle and to maximize cost savings. The Anadarko Basin lies in western Oklahoma and the panhandle of Texas (Figure 1). It was chosen as a test site because there is a great deal of published information available on the surface and subsurface geology of the area, there are many known structures that act as traps for hydrocarbons, and it is similar to several other large epicontinental sedimentary basins.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 50-61
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  • 110
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    Geologic evaluation and applications of ERTS-1 imagery over Georgia (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Satellite imagery and other remote sensing tools and techniques have provided a powerful tool to assist geologic research; significantly increased the mapping efficiency of field geologists; shown new lineaments associated with known shear and fault zones; delineated new structural features; provided a tool to reevaluate tectonic history; helped to locate potential ground-water sources and areas of aquifer recharge; defined areas of geologic hazards; shown areas of heavy siltation in major reservoirs; and, by close interval repetition, aided in monitoring surface mine reclamation activities and the environmental protection of the intricate marshland system. The Georgia Geological Survey has been engaged in regional mapping for the new state geologic map. ERTS-1 images enlarged to compatible mapping scales have increased field geologic mapping efficiency by at least 25%. There are a number of areas where data from ERTS-1 imagery has allowed a notably higher level of precision than has been available with any amount of field work on the ground.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 41-49
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  • 111
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    Environmental surveys in Alaska based upon ERTS data (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Alaskan applications of ERTS data are summarized. Areas discussed are: (1) land use; (2) archaeology; (3) vegetation mapping; (4) ice reporting and mapping; (5) permafrost; (6) mineral and oil exploration; (7) geological surveys; (8) seismology; (9) geological faults and structures; (10) hydrology and water resources; (11) glaciology; (12) water circulation in Cook Inlet; and (13) fish and mammal populations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 12-40
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  • 112
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    The Canadian ERTS program (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Under a four-year collaborative agreement between the United States and Canada, the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) reads out and distributes the ERTS data of Canada. The Canadian receiving station is at Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, and covers most of Canada except for the East Coast. Production statistics on Canadian ERTS imagery, a summary of several cost benefit case histories, and recommendations for the future of the international aspects of ERTS are discussed and evaluated.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Third ERTS Symp., Vol. 2; p 7-11
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  • 113
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    Determination of growth stage from reflectance spectra of crops (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The spectral reflectance characteristics of vegetation have been studied with the objective to learn how to extract useful information about the state of surface vegetation from space-borne observing systems, with emphasis on agricultural applications. Results of simulation studies based on high-resolution airborne spectrometer data indicate that changes in biomass, plant pigment, and leaf water content can be independently tracked by monitoring the reflective properties of vegetation with an appropriate selection of bands.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 114
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    Azimuthal radiometric temperature measurements of wheat canopies (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effects of azimuthal view angle on the radiometric temperature of wheat canopies at various stages of development are investigated. Measurements of plant height, total leaf area index, green leaf area index and Feeks growth stage together with infrared radiometric temperature measurements at 12 azimuth intervals with respect to solar azimuth and at different solar zenith angles were obtained for four wheat canopies at various heights. Results reveal a difference on the order of 2 C between the temperatures measured at azimuths of 0 and 180 deg under calm wind conditions, which is attributed to the time-dependent transfer of heat between canopy component surfaces. The azimuthal dependence must thus be taken into account in the determination of radiometric temperatures.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Applied Optics; 20; Apr. 1
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  • 115
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    Comparison of reflectance with backscatter and absorption parameters for turbid waters (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The relation of reflectance to backscatter and absorption parameters is investigated for waters more turbid than those of previous investigations. Experimental data are examined for river waters in which beam attenuation values range from 8.9 to 18.9 per m at 550 nm. Attenuation, absorption, backscatter, and irradiance reflectance spectral properties are presented for wavelengths between 450 and 800 nm. Comparisons of reflectance with backscatter to absorption ratio and backscatter with absorption plus backscatter ratio indicate that data for turbid waters do not fit linear or polynomial models which are presently available in the literature.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Applied Optics; 20; Feb. 1
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  • 116
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    Experimental relations between airborne and ground measured wheat canopy temperatures (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Experiments using ground-based measurements of canopy temperatures have shown that plant temperatures are good indicators of plant water stress, and thus are useful for assessing water requirements and predicting yields. An intensive 23-day airborne- and ground-measurement program was conducted in Phoenix, Arizona in 1977 to compare airborne-acquired wheat canopy temperatures with simultaneous ground measurements. For canopies that covered at least 85 percent of the soil surface, airborne measurements differed from ground measurements of plant temperature by less than 2 C. Regardless of the amount of plant cover, the airborne measurements were virtually identical to ground-nadir measurements, and thus represent a combination of plant temperature and solid background temperature.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 46; Feb. 198
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  • 117
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    Field site selection (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Several general guidelines should be kept in mind when considering the selection of field sites for teaching remote sensing fundamentals. Proximity and vantage point are two very practical considerations. Only through viewing a broad enough area to place the site in context can one make efficient use of a site. The effects of inclement weather when selecting sites should be considered. If field work is to be an effective tool to illustrate remote sensing principles, the following criteria are critical: (1) the site must represent the range of class interest; (2) the site must have a theme or add something no other site offers; (3) there should be intrasite variation within the theme; (4) ground resolution and spectral signature distinction should be illustrated; and (5) the sites should not be ordered sequentially.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 29-33
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  • 118
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    Why surface-truth field study is needed in remote-sensing instruction (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Especially designed field studies are needed in remote sensing technology transfer courses regardless of the field work provided by the students'/trainees' major disciplines because the remote sensing discipline has unique emphases and needs. Modification of existng schedules to include field work provides the equivalent of extending the duration of the program with the added benefit of enhancing learning achievements per actual program day. The process of surface truth field instruction, levels of student capabilities and stages in the development of surface truth field studies are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 9-15
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  • 119
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    LANDSAT C workshop field/laboratory exercises (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Collection of ground information and supportive materials are absolutely necessary to verify and substantiate data extracted by the interpretation process regardless of sensor type and scale. Field observation and notes, the use of topographic and thematic maps, crop calendars, and climate records are just four examples of supportive materials which often are used in conjunction with remotely sensed materials. Illustration of this integrated multisensor approach is provided by four examples from the March, 1978 Santa Maria LANDSAT C Conference and Workshop. Four distinctive window sites were selected to demonstrate the usefulness of remotely sensed materials to solve geographic problems.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 45-59
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  • 120
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    The workshop (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The plan is presented for a two day workshop held to provide educational and training experience in the reading, interpretation, and application of LANDSAT and correlated larger scale imagery, digital printout maps, and other collateral material for a large number of participants with widely diverse levels of expertise, backgrounds, and occupations in government, industry, and education. The need for using surface truth field studies with correlated aerial imagery in solving real world problems was demonstrated.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 5-7
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  • 121
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    An industrial perspective of the LANDSAT opportunity (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The feasibility of enhancing LANDSAT products to provide the greatest usability low cost data possible can be determined through government sponsorship and finance of one or more task forces composed of a critical number of experts in multiple disciplines from many industries and academia. The synergism of multiple minds addressing singular problems without the creation of permanent or perpetual structures must yield output in the form of implementable specifications, even if presented as alternatives. Changes are needed within the spacecraft in order to account for Sun angle changes. The use of pointing accuracy to make geometric corrections (and possible radiometric corrections, is needed more than onboard data reduction and information extraction, which assume a proper knowledge of application and reduce potential utilization. Multilinear arrays need to be investigated and methods for sensor calibration and for determining the effects of atmospheric inversion, as well as the best way to back out the modulation transfer function must be determined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 1-3
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  • 122
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    Appendix D: Assessement of potential industrial sites in Essex County, New York (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Potential industrial sites were assessed using high and medium altitude aircraft photographs and supporting information on the 4,730 sq. km. (1,825 sq. mile) county. Factors evaluated include land availability, slope, site accessibility, soil drainage, other subsurface characteristics, and the expected physical as well as visual impacts on existing land use. Areas unavailable or unsuitable for development were eliminated first, and the remaining areas evaluated and the best sites identified.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Cornell Univ. Remote Sensing Program; 138 p
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  • 123
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    Appendix B: Inventory of coniferous forests near Bath, New York (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A zoom stereoscope was used to interpret aerial color photographs of the Finger Lakes region near Bath, New York, and areas of conifers were delineated on acetate sheets. Scale was determined for each photograph and units were converted to acres. Photographically enlarged positive transparencies of imagery from LANDSAT bands 5,6, and 7 for the southern portion of the study area were placed in a cold additive viewer and registered with each other to provide a composite image. A green filter was used on band 5, blue on band 6, and red on band 7. Conifers appeared at dark, reddish purple. Average was determined using a grid. Results show that the total confer stands within 50 miles of Bath is approximately 176,000 acres of which 60,000 acres are in Pennsylvania. The study was conducted to determine the feasibility of locating a particleboard manufacturing firm in the Southern Tier.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Cornell Univ. Remote Sensing Program; 3 p
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  • 124
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    Appendix C: A comparative study of small scale remotely sensed data for monitoring clearcutting in hardwood forests (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Manual photointerpretation techniques were used to analyze images acquired by high altitude aircraft, the Skylab multispectral and Earth terrain camera (ETC), the LANDSAT multispectral scanner, and the LANDSAT-3 return beam vidicon camera. A color-additive viewer, and digital image analysis were also used on the LANDSAT MSS imagery. The value of each type of remotely sensed data was judged by the ease and accuracy of clearcut identification, and by the amount of detail discernible, especially regarding revegetation. Results of a site study in the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania indicate that high altitude aerial photography, especially color infrared photography acquired during the growing season, is well suited for identifying clearcuts and assessing revegetation. Although photographs acquired with Skylab's ETC also yielded good results, only incomplete inventories of clearcuts could be made using LANDSAT imagery. Results for the Adirondack region of New York State were similar for the aircraft and satellite photography, but even less satisfactory for the LANDSAT imagery.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Cornell Univ. Remote Sensing Program; 157 p
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  • 125
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    Unsupervised classification of MSS Landsat data for mapping spatially complex vegetation (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The various stages in carrying out a monocluster block unsupervised classification using Landsat MSS data are described. Procedures for carrying out these various stages were found to be far from well-established for the type of terrain being investigated, which is rugged and contains many small land cover units. Two particular difficulties were encountered: first, that of precise ground location of pixels; and, secondly, that of objectively evaluating the results. Ways in which these can be surmounted are suggested.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 126
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    Microbial mobilization of calcium and magnesium in waterlogged soils (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Environmental Quality; 9; Jan
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  • 127
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    LACIE - An application of meteorology for United States and foreign wheat assessment (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: This paper describes the overall Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment technical approach utilizing the global weather-reporting network and the Landsat satellite to make a quasi-operational application of existing research results, and the accomplishments of this cooperative experiment in utilizing the weather information. Global weather data were utilized in preparing timely yield estimates for selected areas of the U.S. Great Plains, the U.S.S.R. and Canada. Additionally, wheat yield models were developed and pilot tested for Brazil, Australia, India and Argentina. The results of the work show that heading dates for wheat in North America can be predicted with an average absolute error of about 5 days for winter wheat and 4 days for spring wheat. Independent tests of wheat yield models over a 10-year period for the U.S. Great Plains produced a root-mean-square error of 1.12 quintals per hectare (q/ha) while similar tests in the U.S.S.R. produced an error of 1.31 q/ha. Research designed to improve the initial capability is described as is the rationale for further evolution of a capability to monitor global climate and assess its impact on world food supplies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 19; Jan. 198
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  • 128
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    Remote sensing investigations of wetland biomass and productivity for global biosystems research (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Monitoring biomass of wetlands ecosystems can provide information on net primary production and on the chemical and physical status of wetland soils relative to anaerobic microbial transformation of key elements. Multispectral remote sensing techniques successfully estimated macrophytic biomass in wetlands systems. Regression models developed from ground spectral data for predicting Spartina alterniflora biomass over an entire growing season include seasonal variations in biomass density and illumination intensity. An independent set of biomass and spectral data were collected and the standing crop biomass and net primary productivity were estimated. The improved spatial, radiometric and spectral resolution of th LANDSAT-4 Thematic Mapper over the LANDSAT MSS can greatly enhance multispectral techniques for estimating wetlands biomass over large areas. These techniques can provide the biomass data necessary for global ecology studies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 4 p
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  • 129
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    An evaluation of LANDSAT-4 thematic mapper data for their geometric and radiometric accuracies and their relevance to geologic mapping (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Thematic mapper scenes for Washington, D.C. and Macon, Georgia were examined to determine their radiometry and geometric accuracy. Specific band ratios were used to determine their effectiveness in defining vegetation and rock mineralogy. the TM 3/4 band ratio was used to define vegetation and the 5/2 band ratio was used to define limonitic rocks. The 5/7 band ratio was evaluated to test the effectiveness of the 1.6 and 2.2 mm bands in detecting clay and carbonate bearing rocks. Preliminary results show that clay minerals containing absorption bands at 2.2 mm, which are centered in the TM band 7, can be readily detected when the band ratio images are suitably contrast stretched. Bright rocks, such as marbles, which contain absorption bands in the 2.33 mm region, near the wavelength of TM band 7, are only evident upon harsher contrast stretching of the 5/7 band ratio. Geobotanical studies of Washington, D.C. show that monospecific forest canopies can be differentiated.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 5 p
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    Thematic mapper intraband radiometric performance (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: There are small differences between the average DN for the 16 detectors in each band, typically 0.8 DN; the standard deviations also differ typically by 0.4 DN. Differences of mode in a band are as large as 6 DN. Some DN levels appear to be strongly favored over adjacent levels. Differences between forward and reverse scans are approximately 0.1 DN in the mean, and 0 to 0.6 DN in the standard deviation. Geometrically resampled images (P data), in which the fixed correspondence between lines and single detectors is lost, are statistically similiar to the ensemble of detectors in each band in A data. The magnitude of inter-detector variation is readily seen by making an image of the first derivative in the vertical (line) direction of a flat field and stretching progressively wider ranges to gray; most detectors differ from their neighbors by 1 to 2 DN. The film output from the GSFC filmwriter used for TM images was found to have scale errors in both sample and line directions corresponding to four pixels in a TM image, and skew corresponding to three pixels.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 2 p
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  • 131
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    In-progress absolute radiometric inflight calibration of the LANDSAT-4 sensors (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An approach is described for providing periodic inflight absolute radiometric calibrations of the LANDSAT-4 sensors by reference to selected, instrumented ground areas. Results of some early ground measurements and computer simulations are presented. Selection of a suitable ground reference site, accurate measurement of the spectral reflectance of the selected area, determination of atmospheric characteristics during the morning of the sensor overpass, reduction of the measured data and their use in an appropriate atmospheric radiative transfer program, and comparison of the radiance level data with the digital counts of for the images of the selected areas are discussed. Preliminary measurements of gypsum are being made as an aid in defining the characteristics of field equipment to be constructed and calibrated for use over the White Sands Missile Range.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 3 p
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  • 132
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    Spectral characterization of the LANDSAT-4 thematic mapper sensors (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Data collected on the spectral characteristics of the LANDSAT-4 and LANDSAT-4 backup thematic mapper instruments, the protoflight (PF) and flight (F) models, respectively are analyzed and summarized. Tests were conducted on the instruments and their components to determine compliance with two sets of spectral specifications: Band-by-band spectral coverage and channel-by-channel within-band spectral matching.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 2 p
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  • 133
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    Thermal band characterization of LANDSAT-4 thematic mapper (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The TM band 6 shutter background and the 34.7 C internal black body signal were measured over 50 day dates. Variability of the shutter background temperature was from 7 C to 11 C. For ten specific images, the digital counts of the calibration data were measured. The average pulse value of the black body peak decreased from 174 to 149 counts while the shutter background counts varied as a function of shutter temperature from 77 to 85. Relative internal gains between the four channels were calculated and compared to prelaunch values. They showed gains over 9 months of up to 5%. Frequency histograms of number of pixels vs. digital counts from a night scene were used to determine gain relative to the mean and to discern a systematic along-scan pattern in a difference between forward and reverse scan counts of up to 0.5. A corrected digital image was obtained. A temperature estimate for and area of Lake Erie of 18.5 C to 19.9 C was obtained. Local temperature records showed 21 C.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 3 p
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  • 134
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    Impact of LANDSAT MSS sensor differences on change detection analysis (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Differences in overall sensor response, due to both factors within the sensor system, and external factors such as atmospheric effects, must be dealt with before change detection techniques using image differencing can be successfully implemented. The approach used to be coregister data to a base, followed by between image scatterogram generation and evaluation, and image differencing. Data from LANDSAT 2 and 3 were registered to LANDSAT 4 data. The area was limited to a small protion of the scene near the City of Santa Cruz because this was the only area cloud and haze free on all the images. Visual examination of each image, as well as the between image scatterograms, provide information on radiometric characteristics of each sensor. The image differencing, after normalizing for radiometric differences, provides a visual depiction of geometric distortions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 2 p
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  • 135
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    Investigation of radiometric properties of LANDSAT-4 MSS (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Two full frames of radiometrically corrected (Type A) LANDSAT-4 MSS data were analyzed digitally and visually for evidence of residual calibration differences between detectors, quantization effects, and other sensor-related artifacts. Both standard statistical and Fourier analysis techniques were employed. Opportunities for coincident coverage by LANDSATS 3 and 4 were identified in the contiguous 48 states. Paired acquisitions for two scenes were obtained and analyzed to establish relationships between signal values from common areas imaged by the two MSS Systems. Initial findings on detector-to-detector differences, coherent noise, and LANDSAT 4 to LANDSAT 3 calibration are summarized. Results show that LANDSAT 4 MSS produces data of generally good quality with dynamic ranges and target responses similar to those of previous sensors.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 3 p
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  • 136
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    TM report (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Key spectral, radiometric, and geometric characteristics of the TM sensor are examined. Spectrally, band 5 is slightly wider than specified and its upper edge at 50% of miximum of 1784 nm includes some unintended overlap with water absorption bands. Thermal band 6 is half the expected width. Radiometrically, the TM has extreme linearity and stability in comparison with previous MSS photomultiplier systems. Forward and reverse scans on TM show some unexplained radiometric differences of up to four digital levels. Primary focal plane bands show a monotomic decrease in gain of about 5% in the five months since launch. The relative internal gains of bands 5 and 7 varied with a period of about 60 days and an amplitude of about 6%. Radiometric calibration must be applied before histogram equalization algorithms to preserve radiometric accuracy. Geometrically, channel 4 in band 2 has a smaller modulation transfer function than desired. There is apparent misregistration of .75 pixels along scan and 0.2 pixels across scan.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 2 p
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  • 137
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    LANDSAT-4 evaluation program and scientific characterization activities (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The characterization objectives of the LANDSAT 4 Science Office at GSFC are to: (1) determine the accuracy and precision of sensor and spacecraft performance, image data quality, and derived information; (2) recommend LANDSAT 4 system improvements; and (3) communicate results to the research community. In-house activities are directed toward full access and utilization of the prelaunch and in-orbit engineering test data on the sensor and spacecraft. Principle scientists in remote sensing are involved as part of a major scientific characterization effort, and workshops were held for these investigative teams. A symposium is scheduled prior to turnover of the TM to NOAA.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 2 p
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  • 138
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    LANDSAT-4 hightlights (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The LANDSAT 4 thematic mapper sensor possesses approximately twice the spectral resolution, three times the spatial resolution, and four times the spectral sensitivity of the MSS sensor on earlier LANDSAT satellites. Spectral bands on the TM, particularly those at wavelengths of 1.6 and 2.2 micrometers are useful for: (1) distinguishing crops such as rice and soybeans; (2) surveying areas that are cultivated in strip crop fashion; (3) determining clay variations and abundances and rock classifications; and (4) differentiating nutrients and sediments found in coastal waters. The sensor can identify surface features 30 meters on a side, which roughly corresponds to a standard city block. Highway construction, land excavation, urban growth, and the health and extent of vegetation can be detected.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization; 3 p
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  • 139
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    Data acquisition and projected applications of the observations from LANDSAT-D (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The capabilities of the multispectral scanner and thematic mapper aboard LANDSAT-D are reviewed in terms of spectral, spatial, and radiometric resolution. The applications made possible by increased sensor sensitivity are discussed. Communication relay systems and the ground segment are also described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 217-230
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  • 140
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    SEASAT Synthetic Aperture Radar Data (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The potential of radar imagery from space altitudes is discussed and the advantages of radar over passive sensor systems are outlined. Specific reference is made to the SEASAT synthetic aperture radar. Possible applications include oil spill monitoring, snow and ice reconnaissance, mineral exploration, and monitoring phenomena in the urban environment.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 209-215
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  • 141
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    Forestry: Forum summary (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A synopsis of a forum addressing the use of LANDSAT data in forestry is given. Broad inventory studies, clear-cut monitoring, and insect and disease detection were among the subject areas discussed. Concerns regarding the vailability of data, cloud cover, resolution and classification accuracy, and product format were expressed by foresters.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 167-168
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  • 142
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    Land cover classification in southern Rhode Island using multidate LANDSAT MSS data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The use of LANDSAT multispectral scanner data from several different dates to classify ground cover in Rhode Island is discussed. The advantage of using several dates is that seasonal data can be incorporated in the classification. In order to circumvent the problem of increased computer computation time, the dimensionality of the input data is reduced by the 'principal components method'. This technique and its implementation are described along with regisration, classification, and verification tasks.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 163-166
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  • 143
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    Modeling a beaver population on the Prescott Peninsula, Massachusetts: Feasibility of LANDSAT as an input (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A preliminary dynamic model of beaver spatial distribution and population growth was developed. The feasibility of locating beaver ponds on LANDSAT digital tapes, and of using this information to provide initial conditions of beaver spatial distribution for the model, and to validate model predictions is discussed. The techniques used to identify beaver ponds on LANDSAT are described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 155-162
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  • 144
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    Remote sensing of coastal processes and resources (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The use of remote sensors and multispectral analysis techniques in solving environmental and resource management problems in the coastal zone is illustrated. The specific applications discussed include the analysis of coastal vegetation and productivity, remote sensing of estuarine fronts and their effects on oil dispersion, drift and dispersion of ocean-dumped wastes, and multispectral analysis of water pollutants and suspended sediment concentration.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 139-154
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  • 145
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    Massachusetts: The establishment of a remote sensing center (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The objectives of the remote sensing center at the University of Massachusetts are described. These include research, facilities development, applications, education, and regional cooperation.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 137-138
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  • 146
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    The Vermont operational LANDSAT data analysis system (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The implementation of the Office of Remote Sensing of Earth Resources (ORSER) software package from Pennsylvania State University onto the University of Vermont's IBM model 3031 computer is discussed. This version of ORSER was found to be much more user-friendly than remote access to the Penn State ORSER package.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 135
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  • 147
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    Minnesota Land Management Information Center (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A brief history of the Minnesota Land Management Information Center is given and the present operational status and plans for future development are described. The incorporation of LANDSAT data into the system, hardware and software capabilities, and funding are addressed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 129-133
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  • 148
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    Lake trophic applications: Wisconsin (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Efforts to classify the water quality characteristics of lakes using LANDSAT imagery are reported. Image processing and registration techniques are described. A lake classification scheme which involves the assignment of a trophic class number was used in the data analysis. The resulting values were compared to the corresponding rank assignment derived from field measurements.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 123-125
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  • 149
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    Forestry applications of LANDSAT data in New Hampshire (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The applications of forest clearcut maps derived from LANDSAT data are dicussed. Such maps provide harvest location information useful in general management and indicate the stage of regrowth which helps determine timber stand improvement practices. The clearcut maps are also used in fire control planning and in determining wildlife habitats.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 119-122
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  • 150
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    LANDSAT, a data supplement to forest survey (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The use of LANDSAT in providing forest data on a county basis was investigated. Image interpretation and classification techniques and their accuracy are addressed. LANDSAT data was also used to detect and delineate defoliation caused by tent caterpillars.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 111-113
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  • 151
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    Clearcut mapping and forest type mapping in eastern forests with LANDSAT data (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The development and use of signature packages which provide a forest type map and which identify clearcut areas is discussed. The type map divides the forest land into three categories: softwood, mixed wood, and hardwood. The user defines each of these categories and adjusts the signature package to fit his needs. Success in identifying clearcuts and their stage of regrowth was demonstrated in New Hampshire where clearcuts range in size from 5 to 100 acres with between 30 and 40 acres being the most common.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 115-118
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  • 152
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    A proposed model for applied remote sensing in Indiana (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A model for the effective interaction of user, technical and consultant groups in incorporating remote sensing into applied research conducted by local, regional, and state agencies is outlined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 105-109
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  • 153
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    Remote sensing in West Virginia (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Low altitude black and white aerial photography is the prinicipal remote sensing tool for geologic investigations in West Virginia, although side looking radar and color infrared photography are also used. The first land use/cover map for the state was produced in color infrared and is being digitized. Linear features in Cabell and Wayne Counties, as revealed by LANDSAT, were evaluated to test the possible correlations with rock fractures and gas production from shales. A LANDSAT linear features map (1:250,000) was prepared for the entire state, also. Presently investigations are being made to understand karst and to predict areas that should not be used for development. Aerial photography and field mapping is being conducted to detect the location and causes of landslides.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 99-104
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  • 154
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    Land cover analysis of James City County, Virginia (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The approach used to obtain reliable countywide forest resource data, including statistics and a forest cover distribution map from LANDSAT data is described. Comparison of results of the LANDSAT anlysis and U.S. Forestry Survey data is presented in a table. Pine, oak/pine, and oak/hickory accounted for 22.3%, 32.6% and 45.2% respectively of the total forest area in the LANDSAT analysis, compared to 22.8%, 30.1%. and 47.1% in the Forest Survey. The corresponding figures for each forest type differ at most 2.5% for the mixed forest. The total county area in forest land measured using LANDSAT was underestimated by 1,409 acres, a 2.2% error based on the Forest Survey statistics. However, the estimate of 61,242 acres fell well within the known 4% uncertainty of the estimate for the Forest Survey figures (62,651 acres + or - 2,544 acres).
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 91-97
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  • 155
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    Wildlife habitat evaluation demonstration project (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To support the deer range improvement project in Michigan, the capability of LANDSAT data in assessing deer habitat in terms of areas and mixes of species and age classes of vegetation is being examined to determine whether such data could substitute for traditional cover type information sources. A second goal of the demonstration project is to determine whether LANDSAT data can be used to supplement and improve the information normally used for making deer habitat management decisions, either by providing vegetative cover for private land or by providing information about the interspersion and juxtaposition of valuable vegetative cover types. The procedure to be used for evaluating in LANDSAT data of the Lake County test site is described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 87-89
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  • 156
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    LANDSAT data for coastal zone management (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The lack of adequate, current data on land and water surface conditions in New Jersey led to the search for better data collections and analysis techniques. Four-channel MSS data of Cape May County and access to the OSER computer interpretation system were provided by NASA. The spectral resolution of the data was tested and a surface cover map was produced by going through the steps of supervised classification. Topics covered include classification; change detection and improvement of spectral and spatial resolution; merging LANDSAT and map data; and potential applications for New Jersey.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 77-85
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  • 157
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    Correlation of LANDSAT lineaments with Devonian gas fields in Lawrence County, Ohio (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In an effort to locate sources of natural gas in Ohio, the fractures and lineaments in Black Devonian shale were measured by: (1) field mapping of joints, swarms, and fractures; (2) stereophotointerpretation of geomorphic lineaments with precise photoquads; and (3) by interpreting the linear features on LANDSAT images. All results were compiled and graphically represented on 1:250,000 scale maps. The geologic setting of Lawrence County was defined and a field fracture map was generated and plotted as rose patterns at the exposure site. All maps were compared, contrasted, and correlated by superimposing each over the other as a transparency. The LANDSAT lineaments had significant correlation with the limits of oil and gas producing fields. These limits included termination of field production as well as extensions to other fields. The lineaments represent real rock fractures with zones of increased permeability in the near surface bedrock.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 69-73
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  • 158
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    Irrigation survey in Sherburne County, Minnesota (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Approximately 70% of Minnesota's irrigation is with center pivot distribution systems whose diagnostic appearance on remotely sensed imagery is a circular pattern which can be readily identified on LANDSAT MSS band imagery. Fields irrigated with traveling guns, laterals, booms, or cornering systems either result in angular field patterns or obscure the circular patterns normally visible on imagery. The IDMS system at Goddard was used to develop a LANDSAT digital classification of the Sherburne County area, which located fields regardless of shape, and was not dependent of visual interpretation. Ground truth collection and classification attempts are described in an effort to inventory all wells in the area.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 63-68
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  • 159
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    Land use project (comparison of LANDSAT with aircraft-derived land cover data for a proposed highway project) (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Maryland Automated Geographic Information System is described as well as the development of a general land cover classification with level 2 separation for vegetation categories for a 95,000-acre study area in Howard and Anne Arundel Counties. An accuracy analysis was performed on two subsections of the entire study area. The 1:24,000 scale land use map and the high in altitude infrared photography were determined to the best source of ground truth for the analysis. Results show that (1) delineation of deciduous and coniferous forested areas from LANDSAT data compared well with results from infrared photography; (2) general classification of agricultural areas showed acceptable results; (3) delineation of residential areas had the highest error rates (difference in interpretation and cover type assignment methods was a primary factor); and (4) LANDSAT-derived land cover data is to be used as an ancillary data source in a Maryland statewide land cover inventory.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 45-53
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    The Western Regional Applications Program (WRAP) (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The states encompassed by the Western Regional Applications Program (WRAP) include Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The features of the western United States which both help and hinder the use of LANDSAT are discussed as well as their effects on the institutional approaches used for resources management in these states. Operational alternatives and some of the representative LANDSAT projects that WRAP is engaged in are presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 31-37
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    NASA's Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Program (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The goals of the Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Program are to establish capability for using LANDSAT technology in state institutions and organizations in an operational mode, and to assist in handling new data, introducing new techniques as they become available, and in building and nurturing the technology within the states. Techniques for application development are supported and workshops and demonstrations are provided to pass information on to users. Major areas of project interest are forest inventory, water inventory, and water clarity, and land cover change detection. Another activity is in adopting software, modifying it to work on users' computers, and in identifying hardware that can be used and tied to user computer systems. Involvement of universities as resources for state and local governments is another element of the program.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 39-42
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    Earth Resources Laboratory technology transfer program (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The approach to the transfer of satellite remote sensing technology used at the National Space Technology Laboratories'/Earth Resources Laboratory represents an effective program for the assigned area and is composed of demonstrations; a comprehensive in-house training program; user awareness activities (brochures, slide sets, and documentation); university short courses to stimulate university capabilities; and a technical awareness effort aimed at providing the states with consultation in the areas of hardware/software systems and advice on specific applications. Particular focus is on the transfer of LANDSAT technology in the context of geobased information system development, as well as on how the states approach the problem of institutionalizing the capabilities. The status of demonstration projects and of the state LANDSAT geographic information systems is examined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 25-29
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    The Earth Resources Data Project (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Council of State Planning Agencies, in consultation with the National Governor's Association and NASA, initiated the Earth Resources Data Project to encourage the appropriate application of cost-effective science and technology to state natural resources issues and problems. This project was established to provide a focal point for identifying those issues associated with state use of remote sensing and related technology. One project goal is to elevate to the consciousness of state policy and program officials new technologies, such as LANDSAT, by association with major issues to which policy officials are attuned. The project assists the coordination between the states and NASA and promotes communication on those issues. A related project objective is to encourage technical assistance opportunities for states that will promote better use of remote sensing and natural resources data in state programs.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 19-24
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    A land cover classification for Vermont (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A university project to develop land cover classification capabilities is discussed. Specific objectives were to: (1) demonstrate the feasibility of using LANDSAT data for resource management; (2) establish projects and meet state needs for specific resource information; and (3) assist state personnel in obtaining technical expertise in the processing and analysis of LANDSAT data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 387-393
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  • 165
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    The Michigan data needs questionnaire (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The data needs questionnaire is an element in the project design study for the Michigan Resource Inventory Act and is aimed at gathering information on what inventory information is required by land use planners throughout the state. Analysis of questionnaire responses is discussed. Some information on current use categories was tabulated. The respondents selected a broad range of categories at all levels of detail. Those most frequently indicated were urban categories.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 377-386
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    The University of Vermont Remote Sensing Center (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The University of Vermont's remote sensing applications program is described. System capabilities include digital image processing and conventional photographic interpretation. Its expressed purpose is the identification of practical applications of remotely sensed data and its encouraged use in Earth resource management.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 373-376
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    Chittenden County, Vermont land cover project (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The testing of LANDSAT applicability to urban and agricultural land use analysis at the substate level is described. It is concluded that the LANDSAT system has a place in Vermont and places like it, but that the present operation is inadequate and the need for technology transfer and excellent communication between the producers and users is fundamental to the future of the system and for the realization of benefit from the investment.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 367-371
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  • 168
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    Procedures for analysis of spatial relationships among ship survey data and sea surface temperature (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The establishment of a limited spatial data base for the U.S. eastern seaboard vicinity is discussed along with the demonstration of computer assisted analysis techniques for investigating spatial patterns and relationships among ship survey data and remotely sensed sea surface temperature. Ship survey variables included concentrations of two zooplankton, two icthyoplankton, and two fish species, in addition to physical data of depth to bottom and surface and bottom water temperatures. Continuous spatial distributions of these data were created by both weighted nearest neighbor and iterative smoothing interpolation techniques. Maps of surface water temperature were created by digitizing GOES satellite images. All mapped data were spatially registered by conversion of latitude and longitude coordinates to rotated Lambert conic conformal rectilinear coordinates and stored in grid format of approximately one hundred square kilometers per cell. The analysis of these data include the generation of statistical summaries and maps describing the joint occurrence among variables.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 353-365
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  • 169
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    Remote sensing in the coastal zone: A perspective (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The problems involved in satellite remote sensing of coastal zones are examined. The differences between remote sensing of terrestrial regions and remote sensing of open ocean areas are reviewed. The associate ranges of time and spatial scales and spectral and radiometric resolution are considered. It is concluded that, in general remote sensing of the coastal region is more appropriately performed with aircraft.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 337-344
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  • 170
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    Lake classification in Vermont (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In order to comply with the Federal Clean Water Act and, in so doing, develop a procedure to periodically update the classification, the State of Vermont evaluated the ability of LANDSAT to detect general water quality and specific water quality parameters in Vermont lakes. Unsupervised and supervised classifications as well as regression analyses were used to examine LANDSAT data from Lake Champlain and from four small nearby lakes. Unsupervised and supervised classifications were found to be of somewhat limited value. Regression analyses revealed a good correlation between depth-integrated total phosphorus concentrations and LANDSAT band 4 data (r2= 0.92) and between Secchi disk transparencies and LANDSAT band 4 data (r2 - 0.85). No correlation was found between depth-integrated chlorophyll-a samples and LANDSAT data. Vermont is expanding this LANDSAT evaluation to include the remaining lakes in the state greater than twenty acres and steps are being taken to incorporate LANDSAT into the state's ongoing water quality monitoring programs.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 345-351
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  • 171
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    The evaluation of alternate methodologies for land cover classification in an urbanizing area (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The usefulness of LANDSAT in classifying land cover and in identifying and classifying land use change was investigated using an urbanizing area as the study area. The question of what was the best technique for classification was the primary focus of the study. The many computer-assisted techniques available to analyze LANDSAT data were evaluated. Techniques of statistical training (polygons from CRT, unsupervised clustering, polygons from digitizer and binary masks) were tested with minimum distance to the mean, maximum likelihood and canonical analysis with minimum distance to the mean classifiers. The twelve output images were compared to photointerpreted samples, ground verified samples and a current land use data base. Results indicate that for a reconnaissance inventory, the unsupervised training with canonical analysis-minimum distance classifier is the most efficient. If more detailed ground truth and ground verification is available, the polygons from the digitizer training with the canonical analysis minimum distance is more accurate.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 325-336
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    Implementation of LANDSAT technology in the Commonwealth of Virginia (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A brief history of events which led to the formal implementation of LANDSAT technology in Virginia is outlined. The concept of the Commonwealth Data Base (CDB) is explained as it is perceived by the users and the systems development task force. Furthermore, the CDB organization which was established to implement the CDB concept in Virginia is covered.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 311-315
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  • 173
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    Implementation of statewide LANDSAT image processing capabilities (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Problems involved in establishing a LANDSAT image processing capability are discussed. Cost estimates and tradeoffs, association with geographic information systems, and hardware and software requirements are addressed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 307-310
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  • 174
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    Remote sensing at the University of Massachusetts (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The projects, faculty, and computer resources involved in remote sensing research at the University of Massachusetts are discussed. Field instrumentation and technology transfers from other disciplines are also described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 303-305
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  • 175
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    The integration of a LANDSAT analysis capability with a geographic information system (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The integration of LANDSAT data was achieved through the development of a flexible, compatible analysis tool and using an existing data base to select the usable data from a LANDSAT analysis. The software package allows manipulation of grid cell data plus the flexibility to allow the user to include FORTRAN statements for special functions. Using this combination of capabilities the user can classify a LANDSAT image and then selectivity merge the results with other data that may exist for the study area.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 283-302
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  • 176
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    Fundamental procedures of geographic information analysis (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Analytical procedures common to most computer-oriented geographic information systems are composed of fundamental map processing operations. A conceptual framework for such procedures is developed and basic operations common to a broad range of applications are described. Among the major classes of primitive operations identified are those associated with: reclassifying map categories as a function of the initial classification, the shape, the position, or the size of the spatial configuration associated with each category; overlaying maps on a point-by-point, a category-wide, or a map-wide basis; measuring distance; establishing visual or optimal path connectivity; and characterizing cartographic neighborhoods based on the thematic or spatial attributes of the data values within each neighborhood. By organizing such operations in a coherent manner, the basis for a generalized cartographic modeling structure can be developed which accommodates a variety of needs in a common, flexible and intuitive manner. The use of each is limited only by the general thematic and spatial nature of the data to which it is applied.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 269-281
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    Monitoring wetlands change using LANDSAT data (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A wetlands monitoring study was initiated as part of Delaware's LANDSAT applications demonstration project. Classifications of digital data are conducted in an effort to determine the location and acreage of wetlands loss or gain, species conversion, and application for the inventory and typing of freshwater wetlands. A multi-seasonal approach is employed to compare data from two different years. Unsupervised classifications were conducted for two of the four dates examined. Initial results indicate the multi-seasonal approach allows much better separation of wetland types for both tidal and non-tidal wetlands than either season alone. Change detection is possible but generally misses the small acreages now impacted by man.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 259-267
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  • 178
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    Ground water use inventory in Minnesota using LANDSAT data (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An irrigation ground water use inventory in Sherburne County, Minnesota, was attempted by indirectly locating irrigation wells by determining the location of irrigated lands. Digital classification of LANDSAT MSS imagery was employed using the IDIMS at Goddard Space Flight Center. Single-date classification proved moderately successful after accurate ground truth data were obtained. A combination of supervised and unsupervised classification was used. Multitemporal analysis using August 10 and May 21, 1978 imagery was also attempted. This unsupervised classification proved most successful in identifying crops and irrigated fields.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 237-242
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    Statewide lake classification utilizing LANDSAT imagery for the state of Wisconsin (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A cooperative program between the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the University of Wisconsin-Madison resulted in the assessment of the trophic condition of approximately 3,000 significant inland lakes in Wisconsin. The feasibility of using both photographic and digital representations of LANDSAT multispectral scanner data for lake classification was investigated. The result was the development of a nearly automated system which, with minimal human interaction, locates and extracts the lake data, then corrects the data for atmospheric effects, and finally classifies all the significant lakes in the state as to trophic condition.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 219-236
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  • 180
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    Recent developments with the ORSER system (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Additions to the ORSER remote sensing data processing package are described. The ORSER package consists of about 35 individual programs that are grouped into preprocessing, data analysis, and display subsystems. Additional data formats and data management, data transformation, and geometric correlation programs were supplemented to the preprocessing subsystem. Enhancements to the data analysis techniques include a maximum likelihood classifier (MAXCLASS) and a new version of the STATS program which makes delineation of training areas easier and allows for detection of outlier points. Ongoing developments are also described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 201-210
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    The use of LANDSAT by the states for water quality assessment (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The use of LANDSAT for water resources applications in U.S. state demonstration projects is reviewed. The most common single application undertaken between 1976 and 1981 was found to be water condition assessment. The majority of projects, however, fell into the general category of watershed hydrology. Some of the states are attempting to use LANDSAT data in an operational mode for water quality assessment. Two of these state projects from Vermont and Wisconsin are described in brief. The basic information requirements of Section 314 of the U.S. Pollution Control Act are given with the type of input LANDSAT data could potentially provide toward those requirements. Surveys were performed to determine: (1) how its states were responding in 1980 to 1981 to the federal and state water quality laws; and (2) the status of LANDSAT analysis capabilities of each state.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 211-218
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  • 182
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    Mapping sand and gravel pits in the Patuxent River watershed (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: LANDSAT data from July 1973 and June 1978 for the Patuxent River Watershed of Maryland were processed in an effort to devise an economical method of monitoring the reclamation of sand and gravel pits. ASTEP-II and IDIMS software were utilized to derive signatures for sand and gravel pits and other land use/land cover types. Both unsupervised and supervised classifications of the two data sets were produced. Resultant statistics and color output products were compared in order to determine the extent of reclamation and expansion of sand and gravel pits over the five-year time span and to check the locations of more recent sand and gravel pits. Preliminary results indicate that, for a selected northern sub-acre, signatures derived for sand and gravel pits were nearly 90 percent accurate.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 191-200
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    Application of LANDSAT data to monitor land reclamation progress in Belmont County, Ohio (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Strip and contour mining techniques are reviewed as well as some studies conducted to determine the applicability of LANDSAT and associated digital image processing techniques to the surficial problems associated with mining operations. A nontraditional unsupervised classification approach to multispectral data is considered which renders increased classification separability in land cover analysis of surface mined areas. The approach also reduces the dimensionality of the data and requires only minimal analytical skills in digital data processing.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 167-190
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    Application of remote sensing to land and water resource planning: The Pocomoke River Basin, Maryland (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Because of the size of the Pocomoke River Basin, the inaccessibility of certain areas, and study time constraints, several remote sensing techniques were used to collect base information on the river corridor, (a 23.2 km channel) and on a 1.2 km wooded floodplain. This information provided an adequate understanding of the environment and its resources, thus enabling effective management options to be designed. The remote sensing techniques used for assessment included manual analysis of high altitude color-infrared photography, computer-assisted analysis of LANDSAT-2 imagery, and the application of airborne oceanographic Lidar for topographic mapping. Results show that each techniques was valuable in providing the needed base data necessary for resource planning.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 157-166
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    Monitoring land conversions from forest/wetland to agriculture (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The utility of LANDSAT data in monitoring largescale land clearance and drainage activities in a forest/wetland environment in northern Minnesota was investigated. LANDSAT tapes from 1973, 1978 and 1980 were used in a multitemporal unsupervised land cover classification of the 9 x 15 mile site. Results show quite clearly and in a cost-effective manner, where the greatest activity occurred. It was also possible to integrate the LANDSAT data with other data available through the Land Management Information Center's geographic information system.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 139-146
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    Potential utility of the thematic mapper for surface mine monitoring (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: One of many potential applications of the thematic mapper (TM) is surface mine monitoring. To assess this potential, data acquired by an aircraft multispectral scanner over Pennsylvania surface mines were preprocessed to simulate the anticipated spectral, spatial, and radiometric characteristics of TM data. False color imagery and thematic maps were derived from the simulated data and compared to imagery and maps derived from LANDSAT multispectral scanner subsystems data. On the basis of this comparison, TM data should definitely increase the detail and accuracy of remotely acquired surface mine information and may enable the remote determination of compliance with reclamation regulations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 129-138
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    ERRSAC contributions to the search for Appalachian hydrocarbons (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The utility of lineaments identified on LANDSAT imagery as an exploration tool in the search for hydrocarbons within three Appalachian test sites were assessed. The optimum LANDSAT imagery enhancement technique for displaying lineaments was identified. The LANDSAT lineament data were analyzed and results were correlated with oil and gas field information for each of three tests sites. Good correlations were found for several states. Successful techniques can be incorporated into a broader exploration model.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 125-128
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    LANDSAT applications by the Adirondack Park Agency for land cover analyses and forest cover change (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The New York State Adirondack Park Agency is using LANDSAT imagery to provide current, consistent parkwide data on forest cover, forest change and other land cover characteristics for the Adirondack Park, an area of 9,375 sq. miles (24,280 sq km). Boundaries of the study area were digitized and the data were enhanced and geographically rectified. A classification scheme was devised which emphasized the basic land cover types of the Park: hardwoods, spruce-fir, pine, wet conifer, brushland, grassland, agricultural areas, exposed earth, urban areas, and water bodies. Cover type classifications for disturbed forest land were also chosen: cut hardwoods, regenerating hardwoods, and cut spruce fir. Field verification of 1978 classification revealed an accurate differentiation of forest types within types and between nonforested/forested areas. The classification accurately detects forest land disturbances; however, it is not always descriptive of the level of disturbance.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 121-123
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    LANDSAT landcover information applied to regional planning decisions (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Land cover information derived from LANDSAT is being utilized by Piedmont Planning District Commission located in the State of Virginia. Progress to date is reported on a level one land cover classification map being produced with nine categories. The nine categories of classification are defined. The computer compatible tape selection is presented. Two unsupervised classifications were done, with 50 and 70 classes respectively. Twenty-eight spectral classes were developed using the supervised technique, employing actual ground truth training sites. The accuracy of the unsupervised classifications are estimated through comparison with local county statistics and with an actual pixel count of LANDSAT information compared to ground truth.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 109-120
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    Use of LANDSAT for land use and habitat inventories for the New Jersey Pinelands (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The New Jersey Heritage program surveyed available mapping information on landcover and vegetative communities and found that most commonly used sources, such as local land use maps and aerial photographs, were useful for individual sites, but either varied in their classifications or could not be used over extensive areas. A demonstration project using LANDSAT satellite information for the Great Egg Harbor/Tuckahoe watersheds was initiated with the goals of application (providing an inventory of vegetative communities and land use) flexibility (providing a method of collecting data which can be updated or modified in the future); and efficiency (allowing for an acceptable cost level by having staff undertake the project and avoid the more costly methods from air photo interpretation or on-site surveying. The classification procedure used is described and the spatial distributions of the 10 landcover classes determined are listed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 101-108
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  • 191
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    Extending the utility of forest cover maps (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A computer-assisted map analysis system is discussed that characterizes timber supply in terms of standing timber; accessibility considering various harvesting factors; and availability as affected by ownership patterns of timberlands. Factors affecting harvesting include proximity to existing roads and consideration of terrain characteristics. Availability considerations include size of ownership, housing density and excluded areas. The model is demonstrated for a seventy square mile tract in western Massachusetts.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 89-99
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  • 192
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    LACIE and AgRISTARS (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Involvement of the USDA in the development and use of remote sensing in support of major departmental missions began in the 1940's with the use of aerial cameras mounted in fixed wing aircraft to obtain photographs of the country's land area. Cooperation with NOAA and NASA in the large area crop inventory experiment (1974 to 1978) and results from the Illinois crop acreage experiment (1977) led to the establishment in 1978 of the AgRISTARS project program, a six-year effect to determine the usefulness, cost, and extent to which aerospace remote sensing data can be integrated into existing or future USDA systems to improve the objectivity, reliability, timeliness, and adequacy of information required to carry out agency missions. The objectives of the eight technical projects of AgRISTARS are summarized.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 47-50
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  • 193
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    Biomass measurement from LANDSAT: Drought and energy applications (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The theory supporting the use of vegetation indices derived from LANDSAT data for the direct measurement of biomass is reviewed. The use of multispectral data to measure biomass is a natural and viable application since the photosynthetic production of biomass gives vegetation its unique spectral properties. Vegetation indices also perform a normalization function which tends to make them insensitive to atmospheric and soil color variations. Optical and digital LANDSAT products are discussed relative to the use of vegetation indices to monitor drought impact. Based on results obtained in Colorado, operational use of LANDSAT to monitor drought is cost effective, practical and ready for implementation today. The direct measurement of biomass energy resources may also benefit from LANDSAT technology. Measurement of total biomass and annual primary production may be feasible. Identification of that component of biomass resources available for energy use will require other sources of information, however.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 51-72
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  • 194
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    Mapping forest types in Worcester County, Maryland, using LANDSAT data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The feasibility of mapping Level 2 forest cover types for a county-sized area on Maryland's Eastern Shore was demonstrated. A Level 1 land use/land cover classification was carried out for all of Worcester County as well. A June 1978 LANDSAT scene was utilized in a classification which employed two software packages on different computers (IDIMS on an HP 3000 and ASTEP-II on a Univac 1108). A twelve category classification scheme was devised for the study area. Resulting products include black and white line printer maps, final color coded classification maps, digitally enhanced color imagery and tabulated acreage statistics for all land use and land cover types.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 81-87
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  • 195
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    The pacific northwest remote sensing project (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The history of a 3-year effort in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington to establish operational capabilities to analyze LANDSAT digital data and apply the results to natural resources management programs is related. Currently a number of agencies are conduct operational applications projects utilizing the data analysis facilities available and LANDSAT-derived data are being used by these agencies in their day-to-day operations. The image analysis systems and software used in each state are described and the participating state and local agencies are listed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 43-46
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  • 196
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    State involvement in and use of LANDSAT technology (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The background of state involvement in LANDSAT systems planning and the status of state LANDSAT use are reviewed. Major recommendations on data continuity; frequency and pattern of observation; state representation in program management; pointable sensors for a fully operational system; data processing systems; data pricing; data copyright; data archival; and technology transfer are highlighted. Plans of the government regarding the LANDSAT system are reflected in the FY-1982 budget process are examined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 13-42
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  • 197
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    Transferability and data access issues (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The evolution and current operational mode of the domestic information display system (DIDS) now known as the decision information display system are described. This minicomputer based system, developed from a NASA-generated image processing system, was designed to display federal statistical data for a variety of geographic areas in the form of choropleth maps. The application of DIDS in South Carolina is discussed as well as the progress made and issues that emerged in using the data base on a state and county level. The hardware base for the system, how this user friendly system works, and the possibility of transferring data to remote systems are examined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 7-11
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  • 198
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    Georgia resource assessment project: Institutionalizing LANDSAT and geographic data base techniques (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Digital data from LANDSAT for each 1.1-acre cell in Georgia were processed and the land cover conditions were categorized. Several test cases were completed and an operational hardware and software processing capability was established at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The operational capability was developed to process the entire state (60,000 sq. miles and 14 LANDSAT scenes) in a cooperative project between eleven divisions and agencies at the regional, state, and federal levels. Products were developed for State agencies such as in both mapped and statistical formats. A computerized geographical data base was developed for management programs. To a large extent the applications of the data base evolved as users of LANDSAT information requested that other data (i.e., soils, slope, land use, etc.) be made compatible with LANDSAT for management programs. To date, geographic data bases incorporating LANDSAT and other spatial data deal with elements of the municipal solid waste management program, and reservoir management for the Corps of Engineers. LANDSAT data are also being used for applications in wetland, wildlife, and forestry management.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf. 19-42 (SEE N83-19141 09-43)
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  • 199
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    The heat capacity mapping mission (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The first in a series of low cost Atmospheric Explorer Satellites, the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) was designed to evaluate the utility of thermal inertial and other thermal and reflectance data for: (1) discriminating bedrock and unconsolidated regolith types; (2) mapping soil moisture; (3) measuring plant canopy temperatures; (4) examining thermal circulation in large bodies of water; and (5) monitoring urban heat islands. Final reports from the HCMM investigator's program are beginning to define the utility of day/the night thermal data. Under favorable circumstances, some major rock types can be identified, soil moisture in extensive agricultural and alluvial terrains can be detected and at least semiqualitatively assessed; and circulation of currents in large bodies of water can be followed by noting thermal patterns.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 1-5
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  • 200
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    The outlook for the NOAA Operational LANDSAT Program (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The impact of the current federal budget on the establishment of an operational LANDSAT system is examined with particular emphasis on NOAA responsibilities and efforts to transfer operation of the land satellite system to the private sector. In order to recover the cost of maintenance and operations, the price of system data and products must be raised. Cooperative efforts needed for NASA, EDC, and NOAA to implement the operational system are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Purdue Univ. CORSE-81: The 1981 Conf. on Remote Sensing Educ.; p 343-346
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