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  • taxonomy  (226)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): mate choice ; taxonomy ; phenotypic hybrids ; fitness ; decision rule
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die als Unterarten klassifizierten europäischen Formen der Aaskrähe, Rabenkrähe und Nebelkrähe, besiedeln verschiedene, aneinandergrenzende Verbreitungsgebiete und hybridisieren in der Kontaktzone. Die Nachkommen von Mischpaaren sind fruchtbar und können sowohl mit anderen Hybriden als auch mit Raben- und Nebelkrähen erfolgreich brüten. Trotzdem kommt es zu keiner völligen Vermischung der Formen und/oder Verlagerung der Verbreitungsgebiete. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir die Partnerwahl von Aaskrähen in der Hybridisierungszone auf der nordfriesischen Insel Amrum und stellten fest, daß Partner gleichen Phänotyps häufiger miteinander verpaart waren, als stochastisch zu erwarten gewesen wäre. Unsere Daten bestätigen vergleichbare Studien aus Hybridisierungszonen in Italien und Sibirien. Wir schließen daraus, daß phänotypisch selektive Partnerwahl bei der Aaskrähe ein allgemeines Phänomen sein könnte und diskutieren, warum dieses Verhalten anfitness-relevante Parameter gekoppelt sein sollte. Um welche es sich dabei handeln könnte, wurde bisher nicht hinreichend untersucht und muß deshalb offen bleiben.
    Notizen: Summary Carrion Crow and Hooded Crow are regarded as subspecies of the Crow. They show frequent hybridisation along the adjacent borders of their distribution. Mixed pairs produce fertile offspring which are able to breed successfully with both hybrids and mates of either phenotype. However, hybridisation does not lead to phenotypic changes of Carrion and Hooded Crows in general nor in their distinct distribution. We studied the mating behaviour of Crows in the hybrid zone on the Island of Amrum (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) and found evidence that Crows may prefer mates of the same phenotype. Our data confirm previous studies which reported assortative mating with respect to plumage coloration from hybrid zones in Italy and Siberia. We discuss why this behaviour should be related tofitness traits which in our opinion have not yet been studied adequately nor identified.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of heuristics 5 (1999), S. 145-158 
    ISSN: 1572-9397
    Schlagwort(e): evolutionary algorithms ; genetic algorithms ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper shows how evolutionary algorithms can be described in a concise, yet comprehensive and accurate way. A classification scheme is introduced and presented in a tabular form called TEA (Table of Evolutionary Algorithms). It distinguishes between different classes of evolutionary algorithms (e.g., genetic algorithms, ant systems) by enumerating the fundamental ingredients of each of these algorithms. At the end, possible uses of the TEA are illustrated on classical evolutionary algorithms.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Fusarium ; F. moniliforme ; grain ; Lesotho ; mating population ; Nigeria ; taxonomy ; Zimbabwe
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Several Fusarium species have been found associated with millet and sorghum in Nigeria, Lesotho and Zimbabwe. Amongst these, some isolates were originally identified as short- and long-chained types of F. nygamai. However, there was some question as to the correct identification of the long chained types. This study reclassified some of the isolates with long microconidial chains as F. moniliforme. Morphologically, these strains do not produce chlamydospores like F. nygamai, but produce swollen hyphal cells or resistant hyphae. The isolates in this study were crossed with the mating-type tester strains of Gibberella fujikuroi (F. moniliforme and G. nygamai (F. nygamai). Of the isolates with long chains of microconidia and other characteristics of F. moniliforme, 36% crossed with mating population ''A'' of G. fujikuroi. Of the isolates with characteristics of F. nygamai, 65% crossed with the testers used to produce the teleomorph of F. nygamai. Mating tests support the separation of the sample population into F. moniliforme and F. nygamai. The results of this study show that genetics can be an aid in resolving some problems in fungal taxonomy.
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (1997), S. 375-378 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Candida novakii ; taxonomy ; yeasts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two strains of an undescribed species of the genus Candida were isolated from decaying wood of Quercus sp. A description of the new species Candida novakii is given.
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 29-38 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): phylogeny ; prosthecobacter ; taxonomy ; Verrucomicrobia ; Verrucomicrobiae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four strains of nonmotile, prosthecate bacteria were isolated in the 1970s and assigned to the genus Prosthecobacter. These strains were compared genotypically by DNA/DNA reassociation and 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analyses. Genotypic comparisons were complemented with phenotypic characterizations. Together, these studies clearly indicate each Prosthecobacter strain represents a novel species of bacteria. We propose three new species of Prosthecobacter, P. dejongeii strain FC1, P. vanneervenii strain FC2, and P. debontii strain FC3; P. fusiformis is reserved for the type strain of the genus, strain FC4. Additionally, we propose the genera Prosthecobacter and Verrucomicrobium, currently members of the order Verrucomicrobiales, to comprise a novel higher order taxonomic group, the division Verrucomicrobia div. nov. and the class Verrumicrobiae class nov. Many novel members of the Verrucomicrobia, as revealed by molecular ecology studies, await isolation and description.
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 149-158 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): keratinophilic fungi ; Neoarachnotheca ; Neoarachnotheca keratinophila ; Nannizziopsis tropicalis ; Onygenales ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Neoarachnotheca is proposed as a new genus of Onygenales. The outstanding generic characteristics are white, spherical ascomata with a wall formed by a network of hyphae and spherical, subhyaline ascospores with an irregular sheath. Nt. keratinophila, the type species, characterized by wavy peridial hyphae has been isolated from marine and river sediments and Myriodontium keratinophilum is its anamorph. Nannizziopsis tropicalis is proposed as a new species based on a strain isolated from soil in Burundi. RFLPs analysis of ITS and 5.8S rDNA support these proposals. The differences with related genera are discussed.
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Dipodascus capitatus ; D.spicifer ; Geotrichum clavatum ; yeast ; taxonomy ; DNA heterogeneity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The G+C contents of 25 strains of Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum were found to be heterogeneous on basis of derivative graphs of the melting profiles. Strains showing similar derivative graphs of the melting curve exhibited high levels of DNA homology (80-100%); strains showing dissimilar derivative graphs exhibited low levels of DNA homology (5 to 45%). Being considered separate taxa on basis of these parameters, D. capitatus, D. spicifer and G. clavatum could be identified by a combination of the key characteristics growth on xylose, cellobiose, salicin and arbutin.
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 147-155 
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): allele-specific PCR ; Beta ; ITS1 ; plant identification ; rDNA ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Sequence variation in the ITS1 locus of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in beets has previously been used to reconstruct phylogeny of the species in the genus Beta. We have developed protocols that allow the identification of Beta taxa by use of taxon-specific primers. Beta sections, species and subspecies can be identified. Differences within the ITS1 region of a single base can be exploited for species identification. The results from this study not only provide effective methods for wild beet identification, but also indicate the potential use of the techniques in other crops.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 151-159 
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Schlagwort(e): Orthoptera ; biodiversity ; taxonomy ; conservation.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Wissenschaftskunde und Wissenschaftsorganisation, Hochschul- und Universitätswesen, Museumswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract It is estimated that only 10–15% of the world's insect fauna has been described and named. Efforts to inventory insect biodiversity are hampered by this taxonomic impediment, which is compounded by the logistical problems of an insufficient taxonomic workforce and their remote location in museums thousands of miles from the areas of highest biodiversity. Compared to most other invertebrate groups however, the taxonomic impediment is relatively benign in the order Orthoptera. This is a small to medium-sized order (approximately 20 000 described species) which is well known taxonomically, owing to the group's agricultural importance worldwide. Furthermore, orthopteran taxonomists are now fortunate to have a published up-to-date catalogue of all known species, which has just become accessible as a regularly updated database on the World Wide Web. Whilst new information technology, in the form of e-mail networks, World Wide Web sites and CD-ROM information archives, is already enhancing communication between specialists and helping to reduce the logistical problems of documenting orthopteran biodiversity, a major reinvestment in basic taxonomic research is needed if we are to reduce the existing taxonomic impediment significantly. There is general agreement that an internationally coordinated approach will be necessary and priorities must be set to tackle the biodiversity/systematics crisis. In the future, the Orthoptera can make an important contribution to invertebrate faunal surveys and have potential as an indicator taxon. Furthermore, the Orthoptera Species File establishes a taxonomic framework which could be readily enlarged to include geographic data and phenology of species from existing museum specimens.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9745
    Schlagwort(e): Biological control ; insects ; pathogens ; germination ; taxonomy ; genetic variability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.) are of economic importance worldwide. In Europe, Amaranthus retroflexus is one of the ten weed species of greatest economic importance. It is a serious problem weed in several field crops (e.g. maize), as well as in vegetables, orchards and grape vines. It is an annual spreading by seeds which have a long viabilityand are dispersed principally by wind and water, but also by machinery. There is great variability in seed germination which renders control with post-emergence herbicides difficult. In addition, triazine herbicide-resistant populations occur in ten European countries. The aim of this subproject of COST action 816 is to investigate the possibilities of classical and inundative biological control of Amaranthus spp., to characterize potentialbiological control agents and to develop methods for their integration with current phytosanitary measures in the target crops. The project was initiated with an extended literaturesurvey followed by field surveys for insects and pathogens associated with Amaranthus spp. in several European countries. Promising isolates of fungal pathogens have been tested ondetached leaves and whole plants, and initial studies on the application of pathogens causing damping off in seedlings have been made. Further, the variability of different provenances ofAmaranthus spp. in response to fungal attack has been investigated
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 32 (1999), S. 509-555 
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Schlagwort(e): Louis Agassiz ; Spencer Baird ; Charles Girard ; reputation ; taxonomy ; ichthyology ; Museum of Comparative Zoology ; Smithsonian Institution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geschichte
    Notizen: Abstract The reputations of scientists among their contemporaries depend not only on accomplishment, but also on interactions affected by influence and personality. The historical lore of most fields of scientific endeavor preserve these reputations, often through the identification of founders, innovators, and prolific workers whose contributions are considered fundamental to progress in the field. Historians frequently rely on the historical lore of scientists to guide their studies of the development of ideas, exhibiting justifiable caution in reassessing reputations in the light of current knowledge. However, the transmission of historical lore can obscure the relative importance of accomplishment, influence and personality in shaping contemporary reputations, leaving the historian to either accept reputations at face value or attempt to reconstruct the context in which they were created. The science of taxonomy, because of its rules of priority, leaves a relatively accurate record of historical accomplishment through the persistence of taxa in catalogues and faunal guides. These records allow the modern historian an unbiased means to assess the relative accomplishments of historical figures and therefore a means to critically reassess reputations independent of personality and influence. In the historical lore of North American ichthyology, Louis Agassiz at Harvard and Spencer Baird at the Smithsonian emerge as central figures in the early development of the field during the mid-1800s, contributing not only through the quality and quantity of their science, but also through their roles as institutional leaders and mentors to workers who followed. Charles Girard, originally a student of Agassiz's and later a coworker with Baird, receives little notice in the history of ichthyology, and his reputation is that of a minor player in the initial description of the North American fish fauna, and one whose work appears to have been flawed or even careless when compared to his contemporaries. However, a review of both contemporary and modern taxonomic works reveals that Girard's productivity far exceeded that of either Agassiz or Baird. Furthermore, an examination of the tendency of Girard and his contemporaries to introduce synonymous names into the literature, which might reflect careless or uncritical work, suggests that Girard was among the more accomplished workers of hisera, including Agassiz and Baird. Girard's low ranking in the folklore of North American ichthyology, therefore, can not be attributed to discernible shortcomings in his scientific work, but rather to a public and private campaign of criticism waged by Agassiz after Girard's departure from Harvard. While Agassiz's dispute with Girard stemmed from their personal interactions, he expressed them as criticisms of Girard's work, and thus helped shape Girard's scientific reputation as it has been transmitted through the lore of ichthyology. This case study reveals how scientific reputation may not always rest on accomplishment, but can be influenced by personal interactions obscured by time but nonetheless important to history.
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1996), S. 328-345 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): hyphomycetes ; ascomycetes ; taxonomy ; ecology ; stream biology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract There are more than 600 species of freshwater fungi with more known from temperate, as compared to tropical regions. These includeca 340 ascomycetes, 300 deuteromycetes, and a number of lower fungi which are not discussed here.Aniptodera, Annulatascus, Massarina, Ophioceras andPseudohalonectria are common freshwater ascomycetes, which appear to be well adapted for this lifestyle either in their ascospore types or their competitive-degradative characters. The most common genera of wood-inhabiting deuteromycetes includeCancellidium, Dactylaria, Dictyosporium andHelicomyces. They are categorized into four groups depending on their form and life style: the ingoldian hyphomycetes; the aero-aquatic hyphomycetes; the terrestrial-aquatic hyphomycetes; and the submerged-aquatic hyphomycetes. The adaptations of aquatic fungi for their dispersal and subsequent attachment to new substrates are discussed.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): contamination risks ; fish ; Mississippi River ; ecological factors ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We compared contamination levels in fish from contaminated and uncontaminated floodplain swamps of the lower Mississippi River to assess differences in contamination risks between swamps, across different taxonomic and ecological groupings of fishes within and between swamps, and with seasonality in river stage. Fish tissue levels of inorganic contaminants were substantially lower than environmental levels in both swamps, suggesting either that fish were not uptaking these contaminants, or they were effectively eliminating the contaminants from their bodies. Tissue levels of organic contaminants were high relative to environmental levels, suggesting that these contaminants were bioaccumulating. Organic contaminants were significantly higher in fish from the contaminated swamp (Devil's Swamp) than in fish from a reference swamp up river (Tunica Swamp). Because the organic contaminants were largely confined to sediments, we expected bottom-oriented fishes to have higher concentrations than pelagic fishes. Assuming that uptake was primarily through the food chain, we expected top predators to exhibit higher concentrations than low-level consumers. We also expected year- round swamp residents to exhibit higher accumulations than more transitory users of backswamp habitat. However, organic contaminant levels did not differ in the directions expected for any of these groupings. We did observe differences in organic contaminant levels within and between swamps for different taxonomic groupings of fishes (species and genera). Some taxa occupying low to middle positions in the food web (e.g., gizzard shad, Lepomis spp.) exhibited higher concentrations than taxa near the top of the food web. Within Devil's Swamp, organic contaminant levels were significantly higher at low river stage, when fish were confined to the swamp, than at high river stage, when fish were free to move between the river and the swamp. We caught more species and more fish per unit effort in Devil's Swamp than in Tunica Swamp, contrary to expectations if contaminants in the former were negatively impacting population and community structure. Species richness differences between swamps were a consequence of catch differences, with higher catch corresponding to inclusion of more rare species. The lower catch in Tunica Swamp may have resulted from physical modifications of its waterways to support agriculture and hunting. The results of this study underscore the importance in factoring information on the taxonomy and ecology of organisms, and seasonal changes in environmental conditions, into assessments of contamination risks.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): subspecies ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A joint Mexico/United States expedition collected wild potato (Solanum sect.Petota) germplasm in Mexico between August 1–31, 1993. The purpose of the expedition was to expand germplasm and herbarium collections ofS. bulbocastanum andS. cardiophyllum. Collections were made from west-central to southern Mexico, and comprised 19 true seed and 37 tuber collections (45 collections in total) of 9 species and two putative natural hybrids.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Bruguiera gymnorrhiza ; ecology ; Lanceispora amphibia ; mangrove ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Lanceispora amphibia gen. et sp. nov. in the Amphisphaeriaceae is described from senescent and fallen leaves ofBruguiera gymnorrhiza in mangrove forests in the Southwest Islands, Japan. The fungus produces immersed ascomata in leaf tissue, cylindrical asci with an apical ring staining blue with iodine, and oblanceolate ascospores with a septum above the middle. Studies on the fungal succession on the mangrove leaves revealed thatL. amphibia infects senescent leaves on the tree and inhabits intertidal fallen leaves, showing the highest frequency of occurrence at the late stage of decomposition. In culture the optimal conditions for hyphal growth were 20 ppt salinity and 30°C, and those for sexual reproduction were 10 ppt salinity and 25°C. Growth at 0 ppt (fresh water) was depressed. The fungus has amphibious habits, growing on the tree and in intertidal water; and it is adapted to the high osmotic conditions in leaf tissues of the mangrove tree and to the subtropical, brackish water environment of mangrove forests.
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Bauhinus ; Microbotryum ; taxonomy ; Ustilago ; ustomycetes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A study of the type specimen ofUstilago jehudana resulted in the correction of the diagnosis. The sori are localized in the host gynoecium but not in the anthers. Morphological characters of the sori and ustospores of the later describedU. moenchiae-manticae are identical with these ofU. jehudana. Ustilago moenchiae-manticae is reduced here to a synonym ofU. jehudana. The smut is reported as new to Bulgaria on a new host, viz.,Moenchia erecta. A new combination,Bauhinus jehudanus, is proposed.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Aphyllophorales ; ribosomalDNA ; synnematous hyphomycete ; taxonomy ; Tretopileus sphaerophorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Tretopileus sphaerophorus, a synnematous hyphomycete with basidiomycetous affinities was newly isolated from the decaying petiole and peduncle ofCocos nucifera collected in Depok, Indonesia. The species produced first a bulbil as a propagule on the top of a synnema. After the bulbil had fallen, the synnema proliferated about seven times to produce new bulbils, each time making conspicuous nodes at the upper part. By careful morphological observation, clamp connections were confirmed on the hyphae in the specimens and culture. In culture, each hyphal cell with or without a clamp was found to be dikaryotic by DAPI nuclear staining. Germination of the bulbils occurred first from projecting hyphal tips on their upper surface, which have been treated as germ pores. The inner structure of the bulbils, the hyaline mucus of the bulbils, and conidium-like hyphal fragments were also examined. Phylogenetically,T. sphaerophorus was inferred to be related to the Aphyllophorales based on the nuclear encoded small subunit (18S) rDNA using the homology search system (FASTA) and the neighbour-joining method.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 97-104 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Loculoascomycetes ; phyllachoraceae ; phyllachorales ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The order Phyllachorales contains ascomycetous fungi of considerable economic importance. The group is represented mostly by foliar parasites which produce perithecia under a clypeus, inside a stroma, or do not produce any stromatic tissue. A major taxonomic problem with this order is the lack of reliable morphological characters that clearly delimit the entire group. The main purpose of this review is to provide a clear picture of the taxonomic relationships of the order Phyllachorales, along with a key to the most important genera in the family Phyllachoraceae.
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Mycena auricoma ; Mycena sect.Radiatae ; Mycena spinosissima ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two lignicolous species ofMycena (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes) are described and illustrated from eastern, Japan:Mycena auricoma sp. nov., forming ephemeral coprinoid basidiomata and belonging to sectionRadiatae, was found on a dead fallen twig ofQuercus serrata. It appears to close to a Malaysian species,“Trogia” crinipelliformis. Mycena spinosissima in sectionSacchariferae, new to Japan, was collected from dead bark ofAphananthe aspera, a dead fallen inflorescence ofCryptomeria japonica, and a dead fallen twig ofQuercus serrata.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): cellular slime molds ; dictyostelids ; macrocyst ; mating system ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Macrocyst formation in the sexual cycle was found in three dictyostelid species:Dictyostelium monochasioides, Polysphondylium candidum, andP. pseudo-candidum. Mating tests suggested thatD. monochasioides andP. pseudocandidum were heterothallic andP. candidum was homothallic. The primary walls of macrocysts had partially or fully degenerated, while the inner walls, believed to be tertiary walls, showed an undulate structure.
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 36 (1995), S. 431-438 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Atkinsiella dubia ; Halocrusticida ; Japan ; marine fungus ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Atkinsiella dubia, isolated from the mantle of abalone (Haliotis sieboldii), is described and illustrated as a new record from Japan. The fungus was also obtained from the gills of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Six other species of the genusAtkinsiella have hitherto been reported from various aquatic animals. The fungus is distinguished from the other six species by the morphology of its mycelia and the process of zoospore production. The most distinctive feature is that zoospores in the first motile stage ofA. dubia encyst in zoosporangia, unlike the other species. We therefore proposeHalocrusticida gen. nov. (Lagenidiales, Haliphthoraceae) for the other six species ofAtkinsiella. A key to species of the genusHalocrusticida is provided.
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 173-185 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Geminago ; Geminago nonveilleri ; Mycosyrinx ; taxonomy ; Ustilaginales
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The revision of the genusMycosyrinx resulted in the recognition of three species, all on Vitaceae:M. cissi (type onCissus sicyoides), M. arabica (type onCissus quadrangularis), andM. microspora (type onCissus afzelii), and in the description of a new genus. After a short historical review, the genusMycosyrinx is characterized and descriptions, synonyms, ilustrations, and a key are given for the three recognizedMycosyrinx species.Mycosyrinx globosa (nomen nudum, onCissus sp.) is considered to be immatureM. microspora. Lectotype is selected forSchizonella colemani (=M. arabica). A short characterization is given for the generaSchizonella andUstacystis and they are compared withMycosyrinx andSchroeteria. ForM. nonveilleri (type onTriplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculiaceae) a new genus,Geminago, is proposed. A key to the pair-spored genera of Ustilaginales is given.Mycosyrinx osmundae (type onOsmunda regalis, Pteridophyta, Osmundaceae) and its var.cinnamomae are excluded fromMycosyrinx.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 255-259 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): cleistothecial ascomycete ; Lasiobolidium gracile ; soil fungus ; taxonomy ; USA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Lasiobolidium gracile isolated from a soil sample collected from California, USA is described as a new species. This species is characterized by yellowish brown to reddish brown, nonostiolate ascomata with numerous, long straight appendages and a translucent peridium, subglobose to broadly clavate asci, hyaline to pale yellowish brown, ellipsoidal ascospores. It differs from the other species ofLasiobolidium in the straight and narrow appendages and the large ascospores. A key is presented separating the seven known species.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Chaetomidium ; Chaetomidium heterotrichum ; cladistic analysis ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A species of the genusChaetomidium was isolated from fallen leaves of an unknown tree during a mycofloral survey of materials from the ‘Gran Sabana’ region in Southeastern Venezuela. The species was identified asC. heterotrichum. Identification was based on the perithecium lacking a neck and ostiole, the peridium being composed of textura angularis cells, the perithecium being covered with hairs and setae at the apex, and by 4-spored asci containing uniporate ascospores. The anamorph was intermediate betweenChalara andAcremonium sect.Chaetomioides. This is the first report of this species in Venezuela and only the second timeC. heterotrichum has been found. An illustrated description ofC. heterotrichum and a key to eight recognized species ofChaetomidium, based on morphological characters in the literature, are provided. The results of a cladistic analysis of 12 available morphological characters of the genus revealed two main groups, each based on the two characters ‘ascospore shape’ and ‘peridial wall type’. The ascomatal hairs had little influence on the species grouping. With the exception ofC. heterotrichum, the remaining species ofChaetomidium were monophyletically supported in 73% of the bootstrap replicates.Chaetomidium heterotrichum was the basal ingroup taxon and formed a sister group to the other species in the genus.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 55-69 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): discomycetes ; ITS rDNA phylogeny ; morphology ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The systematics ofScleromitrula andVerpatinia of the family Sclerotiniaceae is reevaluated on the basis of morphological, cultural and molecular criteria.Scleromitrula shiraiana, Verpatinia species andCiborinia candolleana share gross morphological, microanatomical and cultural features which clearly distinguish them from the closely relatedCiborinia andRutstroemia species. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, ITS2, and the 5.8S gene) of nuclear ribosomal DNA demonstrate that the stipitate-capitate specimens ofScleromitrula andVerpatinia species plus the stipitate-cupulateCiborinia candolleana constitute a monophyletic clade separate from a clade including the type species ofCiborinia. Scleromitrula is emended to includeS. shiraiana, the new speciesS. rubicola, C. candolleana, and specimens formerly assigned toVerpatinia. A key to the accepted species ofScleromitrula is provided.
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 71-73 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Ceratobasidiaceae ; Japan ; taxonomy ; Ypsilonidium bananisporum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ypsilonidium bananisporum sp. nov. belonging to Ceratobasidiales is described and illustrated. This fungus has all the characteristics of the genusYpsilonidium including reticulate-hypochnoid basidiomes, broad hyphae branching at right angles, broadly clavate basidia with two sterigmata, and basidiospores germinating by repetition. It differs from all hitherto known species in the genus by producing suballantoid to banana-shaped basidiospores, measuring 19.5–22×5.5–6 μm.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 87-89 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Israel ; Mycomycetes ; Physarales ; Stemonitales ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ten taxa of myxomycetes growing mainly withEucalyptus, oak and pine are described. They were found in Upper Galilee, Mt. Carmel and Central parts of the country and all are new to Israel.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): hyphomycetes ; identification ; taxonomy ; Tuberculariaceae ; Tuberculariales
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mycoleptodiscus terrestris from black pepper roots in the Dominican Republic is described together with some notes and photomicrographs.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 429-431 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): coelomycete ; Japan ; Microsphaeropsis rugospora ; soil fungus ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract In an exploratory survey of soil-borne mitosporic fungi as producers of secondary metabolites useful to the pharmaceutical industry, a pale yellow pycnidial coelomycete was encountered and isolated on potato-dextrose agar. The fungus was characterized as follows: rapid growth on common media, conidiomata which are non-pulvinate, semi-immersed to immersed, nearly globose, glabrous, with a slightly papillate ostiole; pale yellowish brown, translucent, membranaceous peridium; discrete, ampulliform, monophialidic conidiogenous cells; and onecelled, dark brown, globose, thick-walled, rugose conidia which germinate very easily. In accordance with this profile, our isolate is included in the genusMicrosphaeropsis Höhnel. (Morgan-Jones, 1974a, b; Sutton, 1977, 1980; Morgan-Jones and White, 1987; Heiny et al., 1992; Katumoto, 1992). However, it proved to be sufficiently different from all described species ofMicrosphaeropsis to warrant its description as a new species.
    Notizen: Abstract A new species ofMicrosphaeropsis (Sphaeropsidales, Coelomycetes),M. rugospora, is described and illustrated. This fungus is characterized by its rapid growth on common media such as oatmeal and potato-carrot agars; semi-immersed to immersed, nearly globose, papillate pycnidias; pale yellowish brown, translucent, membranaceous peridium; monophialidic, ampulliform conidiogenous cells; and one-celled, dark brown, globose conidia ornamented with distinct tubercles. The holotype was isolated from the cultivated soil in Tanegashima Island, southern Japan.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 31-36 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Mycogloea ; Platygloea ; Platygloeaceae ; Platygloeales ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three new species ofMycogloea are described and illustrated; they are:M. amethystina from Canada,M. nipponica, from Japan, andM. bullata from Thailand.Mycogloea tahitiensis is reported from Japan and additional undescribed taxa in the genus are briefly noted. Some characteristics of the genus are discussed, and a key is provided for six species recognized at this time.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): bamboo fungus ; hyperparasitism ; hyphomycetes ; mycoparasites ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cryptophiale sphaerospora sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a single collection attached to a synnematous fungus,Janetia synnematosa, from a dead bamboo culm. It differs from other species ofCryptophiala in having spherical to subspherical conidia and a cerebroid layer of phialides. The overall morohology of this species is smaller than that of previously described species.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 198 (1995), S. 179-194 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Vicia sect.Faba ; Electrophoresis ; seed albumins ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Electrophoretic analysis of seed albumins (PAGE) covered 173 accessions representing nine species ofVicia sect.Faba. The number of albumin bands recorded in particular species varied from three inV. eristaloides to 23 inV. faba; in total, 38 bands were distinguished in the investigated material. The examined species, exceptV. eristalioides, showed intraspecific variation with respect to the number and relative staining intensity of albumin bands; individual variation was especially marked inV. faba and inV. narbonensis. Hierarchical clustering of the investigated taxa was based onBhattacharyya distances calculated from the electrophoretic data. The taxa grouped in three main clusters.Vicia faba and the rather remotely relatedV. kalakhensis formed one cluster. The second cluster was composed ofV. narbonensis distantly related toV. hyaeniscyamus. The third cluster comprised three subgroups: 1.V. johannis, V. galilaea andV. serratifolia, 2.V. eristalioides, and 3.V. bithynica. The obtained results are discussed with reference to taxonomic relationships inVicia sect.Faba.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 199 (1996), S. 109-120 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Lamiaceae ; Scutellaria sect.Resinosa ; SEM ; nutlet sculpturing ; micromorphology ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Nutlet sculpturing of 22 taxa ofScutellaria sect.Resinosa, representing 18 of its 19 species, and the monotypic genusSalazaria was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nutlets of sect.Resinosa, while remarkably variable among themselves, differed from hypothetically closely related sections in lacking circumferential banding and sessile glands. Species could be grouped by surface sculpturing into seemingly meaningful phenetic clusters.Scutellaria potosina var.platyphylla was sufficiently distinct micromorphically so as to be elevated to specific status asScutellaria platyphylla comb. and stat. nov. The significance of nutlet microcharacters within sect.Resinosa is discussed, especially as compared to closely related sections. The genusSalazaria had nutlet sculpturing quite different from all taxa belonging to sect.Resinosa.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 199 (1996), S. 243-258 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Eriocaulaceae ; Leiothrix crassifolia (L. nubigena, L. obtusifolia) ; Morphological and anatomical variation ; geographical differentiation ; taxonomy ; Flora of ‘campos rupestres’ ; Brazil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The morphological and anatomical leaf and scape differentiation ofLeiothrix crassifolia is analysed and classified into seven types (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII). The species has a relatively wide distribution in the campo rupestre of Minas Gerais in Brazil. Variation in the isolated populations on different mountain ranges is complex, does not follow a clear geographical pattern, and defies taxonomic classification.L. nubigena andL. obtusifolia are included inL. crassifolia.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Rosaceae ; Rosa sect.Caninae ; Systematics ; taxonomy ; genetic variation ; hemisexual ; apomixis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Difficulties in delimiting well-defined entities in the dogroses (Rosa sect.Caninae) has resulted in very variable taxonomic treatments. The present study was undertaken to provide a background for taxonomy as well as plant breeding. Morphometric diversity was analysed on seedlings obtained from field collections in South Sweden of three species,Rosa dumalis, R. rubiginosa andR. villosa. A canonical variates analysis showed that the three species are relatively distinct whereas two subspecies ofR. dumalis were less well discriminated. Analyses of variance demonstrated that intraspecific variation is pronounced inR. dumalis and, to a lesser extent, inR. villosa.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 205 (1997), S. 241-264 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Boraginaceae ; Boragineae ; Anchusella ; A. variegata ; A. cretica ; Lycopsis ; Anchusa ; Mediterranean flora ; macromorphology ; micromorphology ; karyology ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The two closely related speciesLycopsis variegata andAnchusa cretica, formerly placed inAnchusa subg.Rivinia, were compared with the type species ofLycopsis andAnchusa, on the basis of a set of macro and microcharacters. The presence of only two fertile stamens as well as other peculiar characters in flower structure, androecium, gynoecium, pollen and fruit, supports the institution of the new genusAnchusella, consisting ofA. variegata andA. cretica. Karyological and eco-chorological aspects are consistent with morphological data in pointing to the autonomy of this genus, which appears characterized by autapomorphic, advanced traits.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 208 (1997), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Vicia faba ; V. kalakhensis ; Seed albumins ; HPLC ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Previously reported electrophoretic seed albumin data have shown an unexpected association ofVicia faba withV. kalakhensis. In the present work, seed albumins ofV. faba (subsp.paucijuga and subsp.faba) were compared with those ofV. kalakhensis using ionexchange (IE) and reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two subspecies ofV. faba displayed similar seed albumin profiles. On the other hand, seed albumin profiles ofV. faba andV. kalakhensis showed no major protein peak in common either in IE-HPLC or RP-HPLC chromatograms. The reported differences in seed albumin composition ofV. faba andV. kalakhensis are consistent with other taxonomical data showingV. faba to be genetically distant from the wild relatives.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 208 (1997), S. 239-248 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Vicia ; sect.Hypechusa ; sect.Peregrinae ; Electrophoresis ; seed albumins ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This work is a continuation of electrophoretic investigations aimed at revealing a wild relative ofVicia faba. Electrophoretic analysis (PAGE) of seed albumins covered 52 accessions representing eightVicia species of sect.Hypechusa and two species of sect.Peregrinae. Most of the examined species showed an intraspecific variation due to differences between accessions and/or individual variation within accessions. In spite of the intraspecific variation, marked interspecific differences were recorded. However, none of the investigated species displayed electrophoretic seed albumin patterns similar to those reported earlier forV. faba. Contribution of the obtained results to characterization of the examined taxa is discussed.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Vicia faba ; trnL intron ; PCR-sequencing ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The chloroplasttrnL intron from 46 differentVicia accessions, representing five of the nine sections of the genusVicia subg.Vicia sensuMaxted (1991a) were amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers homologous to conserved regions intrnL. The products fell into two distinct groups; those of approximately 250 nt and those of around 450 nt in length. Of these, products from 17 differentVicia species were cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined. Multiple alignments were assembled and phylogenetic trees constructed by the weighted least-squares distance method. ALathyrus latifolius trnL intron sequence was used as an outgroup. The resulting trees clearly group and separate the sectt.Narbonensis, Bithynica andFaba species but were less able to distinguish species from sectt.Hypechusa andPeregrinae. Based on these sequence data,V. faba appears to be more distant from sect.Narbonensis than sectt.Hypechusa andPeregrinae. The results are in general agreement with a recent treatment ofVicia subg.Vicia (Maxted 1993) and lend further support to placingV. faba in the monospecific sect.Faba.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 213 (1998), S. 173-186 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Vicia ; sect.Bithynicae ; sect.Narbonensis ; Allozymes ; genetic diversity ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Electrophoretic analysis of five enzyme systems, LAP, PGI, SKDH, SOD and 6-PGDH, among 102Vicia accessions representingV. bithynica and seven species of theV. narbonensis complex, namelyV. eristalioides, V. kalakhensis, V. johannis, V. galilaea, V. serratifolia, V. narbonensis andV. hyaeniscyamus, has been performed. The recorded variation was tentatively assigned to 41 allelic genes at eight loci; intraspecific variation was observed in all species except forV. eristalioides. The results obtained were compared with the corresponding data reported earlier forV. faba. Hierarchical grouping of the investigated taxa, includingV. faba, was based onNei's genetic identities calculated from the allozyme frequency data.Vicia faba andV. bithynica were shown to be most distantly related to one another and to the remaining species investigated.Vicia serratifolia appeared to be a peripheral member of theV. narbonensis complex. The results are discussed with reference to genetic diversity and taxonomic relationships of the species under study.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 218 (1999), S. 179-192 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Bryophyta ; Mitochondria ; nad5 gene ; group I intron ; molecular phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In contrast to animals, the slowly evolving mitochondrial nucleotide sequences of plants appear well suited to investigate phylogenetic relations between old taxonomic groups. Analysis ofnad5 gene sequences in 47 bryophytes, the living representatives of very early land plants, confirm this assessment. Statistically reliable phylogenetic trees are obtained with different mathematical approaches. A group I intron sequence conserved in thenad5 gene of all 30 mosses and 15 liverworts investigated supports a sister group relationship of the two classes. The intron sequence adds phylogenetic information for fine resolution on top of the conserved exon sequences down to the level of classically defined orders or families, respectively. This intron is not present in the hornwortsAnthoceros husnotii andA. punctatus. The results allow statements on diverging taxonomic interpretations and support the monophyly of the liverworts, mosses, Jungermanniidae, Marchantiidae and Bryidae, and allow recognition of subclasses like Hypnanae and Dicrananae. Among the mosses, the derived orders (subclass Bryidae) are confidently set apart from the Sphagnales, Andreaeales, Polytrichales and Tetraphidales with Buxbaumiales occupying a mediating position. Among the liverworts, full support is found for the classic separation of simple (jungermanniid) and complex thalloid (marchantiid) species with a strikingly low mitochondrial sequence divergence among the latter.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 11 (1999), S. 411-419 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Bangiales ; Porphyra life history ; culture ; conchocelis ; conchosporangia ; spores ; neutral conchospores morphology ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Since 1992, as part of a study to circumscribe the genus Porphyra in New Zealand, an extensive culture programme has been developed at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. This collection currently houses more than 800 cultures and 150strains. We currently recognise at least 20 species in New Zealand, most of which are undescribed. Close observation of reproduction and the development of conchocelis-phase filaments grown in the laboratory, under controlled conditions of temperature, irradiance and photoperiod, has enabled the recognition of characters that can assist in species separation. The comparative taxonomic value of a range of such characters is discussed, including reporting a novel reproductive mode.
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  • 43
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    Digitale Medien
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    Journal of applied phycology 11 (1999), S. 429-436 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): distribution ; harvesting ; Porphyra ; recruitment ; seasonality ; South Africa ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Although Porphyra is commercially farmed in many countries, in South Africa only small harvests of wild populations for sale as nori have been carried out. The discovery that Porphyra improves growth of South African abalone (Haliotis midae) farmed inland-based tanks has led to increased pressure to harvest wild populations. This paper reports on a survey of the distribution and seasonality of Porphyra in the southern Western Cape. Porphyrawas present at all sites surveyed, and showed considerable temporal variation. A significant amount of the Porphyra present is in reserves and therefore protected from harvesting. Close rexamination of one site revealed seasonal populations of Porphyra that occupied different niches dependent on season. Recruitment peaked in spring and autumn, leading to dense summer and winter populations. Summer populations generally grew lower in the eulittoral than winter populations. No pattern in the mortality of larger thalli wasde tected, though sporeling mortality was high following recruitment peaks. Although it seems that most sites in the southern Western Cape are suitable for harvesting, the taxonomy of the genus in the region urgently needs revision if populations are to be appropriately managed.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 573-580 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Dunaliella ; ITS ; PCR ; RFLP ; strains ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The genus Dunaliella comprises 28 species defined primarily by morphological and physiological criteria, which vary considerably depending on growth conditions. Concomitantly, the taxonomic status of various species is uncertain. To confirm the taxonomic identity and to better understand the relationship within Dunaliella, seven taxa ( D. salina, D. bardawil, D. tertiolecta, D. parva, D. viridis, D. lateralis, D. peircei) were compared using RFLP analysis of the nuclear rDNA repeats, specifically the internal transcribed spacer regions, including the 5.8S rRNA gene. Volvox aureus was used as an outgroup. A single ITS PCR amplification product was obtained for each taxon. An ITS fragment of ca. 640 bp was present in all the taxa within the subgenus Dunaliella, except for D. salina CCMP 1303 (ca. 540 bp) and D. lateralis (subgenus Pascheria) (ca. 600 bp). A cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of bands generated by digestion of the PCR product with 8 restriction endonucleases (DpnI, HhaI, EcoRI, PvuII, TaqI, HaeIII, MspI, StyI) revealed no correlation between the genetic relationship inferred from the ITS-RFLP data and the morpho-physiological attributes used for taxonomy. In addition, differences in morphology, physiology and in the length and restriction fragment patterns of the ITS region of D. salina CCMP 1303 suggest that this strain does not belong to Dunaliella.
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  • 45
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    Biodiversity and conservation 4 (1995), S. 183-205 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): biological collections ; conservation ; biodiversity information ; phylogenetic systematics ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Systematics and taxonomy are essential: they respectively elucidate life's history, and organize and verify biological knowledge. This knowledge is built of interrelated concepts which are ultimately accounted for by biological specimens. Such knowledge is essential to decide how much and what biodiversity survives human onslaughts. The preservation of specimens in natural history collections is the essential part of the process which builds and maintains biological knowledge. These collections and the human expertise essential to interpret specimens are the taxonomic resources which maintain accurate and verifiable concepts of biological entities. Present and future knowledge of the complexities and diversity of the biosphere depends on the integrity of taxonomic resources, vet widespread ignorance and disregard for their fundamental value has created a global crisis. Preservation of specimens in natural history collections is chronically neglected and support to study and manage collections is very insufficient. The knowledge held by experienced taxonomists is not being passed on to younger recruits. Neglect of collections has destroyed countless specimens and threatens millions more. These threats to taxonomic resources not only impinge on systematics but all biology: this tragedy jeopardizes the integrity of biological knowledge. The consequences for environmental conservation and therefore humanity are also of dire severity and the biodiversity crisis adds unprecedented weight to the barely recognized crisis in taxonomy and systematics.
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 367-369 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Dematiaceae ; Deuteromycotina ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Sporidesmium filiferum isolated from a leaflet ofPhellodendron amurense lying on the soil surface at Tsukuba, Japan is described together with photomicrographs.
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 333-335 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Cortinarius prunicola ; Cortinarius Sect.Sericeocybe ; new species ; Rosaceae ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cortinarius prunicola sp. nov., found in orchards and plantations ofPrunus mume, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its dry and violet-white carpophores, unpleasant odor, and its close association withP. mume in spring and early summer. The differences betweenC. prunicola and similar species are briefly discussed.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 165-183 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): freshwater fungi ; Halosphaeriaceae ; taxonomy ; tropics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The generic concepts inAniptodera, Halosarpheia, Nais andPhaeonectriella are discussed and those species occurring in freshwater are described, some with illustrations. Five new species:Aniptodera lignicola, A. mauritaniensis, A. megalospora, A. palmicola, Phaeonectriella appendiculata are also described. A key to the freshwater species in the above genera and a synoptic diagram of their ascospores are provided.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 317-320 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Ascomycota ; marine fungi ; new species ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new speciesDactylospora mangrovei is described and illustrated and compared withD. haliotrepha andD. canariensis, all marine inhabiting species.Dactylospora haliotrepha andD. mangrovei are tropical/sub-tropical mangrove species collected in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand, whileD. canariensis was described from temperate waters. A map of the geographical distribution of the three marineDactylospora species is presented.
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 185-188 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Amphisphaeria ; ascomycetes ; bamboo fungi ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species ofArecophila and a species previously known asAmphisphaeria coronata are described and illustrated from dead culms of bamboo.Arecophila bambusae sp. nov. is distinct in the genus in having ellipsoidal ascospores with slightly round ends, and asci with a narrow subapical ring.Arecophila coronata comb. nov. has asci with a wedgeshaped apical ring and weakly striated ascospores enclosed in wide mucilaginous sheath.
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Biology and philosophy 10 (1995), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Schlagwort(e): Clade ; class ; definition ; defining property ; individual ; intension ; name ; organism ; ostensive definition ; species ; taxon ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Philosophie
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Biodiversity and conservation 5 (1996), S. 1295-1305 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): Archaea ; Bacteria ; Antarctica ; biodiversity ; 16S rRNA ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Prokaryotes perform key functions in Antarctic ecosystems, and knowledge of the taxonomy of Antarctic prokaryotes is a prerequisite for the transfer of information between fields of scientific inquiry. The taxonomy of prokaryotes has been greatly revised and improved due to the refinements afforded by molecular techniques such as 16S rRNA sequencing. Past inventories of Antarctic microbial diversity are difficult to reconcile with the developing, phylogenetically-based taxonomy. Antarctic prokaryotes are considerably diverse and most evolutionary groups are represented, including representatives of both Archaea and Bacteria. The diversity appears unique due to the ease with which new species can be isolated; however, that may be a result of our vastly incomplete knowledge of both Antarctic and non-Antarctic prokaryotic diversity. Use of the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular clock would suggest that the majority of Antarctic prokaryotes diverged from their nearest known non-Antarctic relatives long before a stable ice-sheet developed in Antarctica. The time of colonization (or recolonization) of Antarctic environments by individual species may have been very recent in evolutionary time scales.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Biodiversity and conservation 5 (1996), S. 1307-1335 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): algae ; cyanobacteria ; terrestrial ; Antarctica ; taxonomy ; endemism ; distribution ; dispersal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Terrestrial algae have been studied at widespread Antarctic localities. However, their diversity is not fully known as often collections have not been made from all habitats and techniques have been inadequate for recognition of the total flora. Identifications can be unreliable and are often left at generic level. Despite this it seems that they largely comprise cosmopolitan species but at a reduced diversity relative to other regions. There is a small element of endemic species which, in general, differ only slightly from related species elsewhere. Lack of base-line taxonomic knowledge, detailed characterization of environmental factors, and application of multivariate analysis restricts our ability to define communities and interpret their distribution patterns. Examples are provided where understanding would be greatly improved by more detailed analyses. Dispersal barriers could be operating both to and within Antarctica. However, local dispersal by wind seems readily accomplished. Overcoming dispersal barriers to Antarctica, and between ice-free localities within Antarctica, could present a greater problem. Investigation of long-distance transport of propagules by wind, birds and humans is needed.
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 237-251 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Gelidiales ; Gelidiella ; Gelidium ; Pterocladia ; Pterocladiella ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Segregating Pterocladiella from Pterocladia stimulated new taxonomic studies of the species originally assigned to Pterocladia. A total of 28 species are ascribed to the genus, one of them with doubts. Thirteen of the 27 names are synonyms. Three of the remaining 14 species belong with Gelidium, including G. americanum, G. mcnabbianum (Dawson) comb. nov. and G. musciformis. Seven other species belong with Pterocladiella, including P. bartlettii (Taylor) comb. nov., P. bulbosa, P. caerulescens, P. caespitosa (Kylin) comb. nov., P. caloglossoides (Howe) comb. nov., P. capillacea and P. melanoidea. Two species are retained in Pterocladia, the type P. lucida and P. rectangularis. Two others, P. heteroplatos and P. media are placed in incertae sedis as additional studies of fertile materials are needed to determine their generic status. The genus Pterocladia now appears to include two large-sized species restricted to Australia-New Zealand. Pterocladiella has 8 small-sized species (including P. minima), mainly inhabiting tropical and subtropical waters. Future research documenting sexual reproduction in Gelidiella and solving the presently recognized heterogeneity in Gelidium will help to trace the relationships between Pterocladiella and these two genera.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): citrus bacterial canker ; detection ; epidemiology ; monoclonal antibodies ; variability ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri were isolated from Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) trees in several countries in southwest Asia. These strains produced typical erumpent bacterial canker lesions on Mexican lime but not on grapefruit (C. paradisi). Lesions on grapefruit were watersoaked and blister-like in contrast to the typical erumpent lesions seen after artificial inoculation with all described pathotypes of X. axonopodis pv. citri. This group of strains hydrolysed gelatin and casein and grew in the presence of 3% NaCl as is typical of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. RFLP analyses and DNA probe hybridization assays also gave results consistent with X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. Metabolic fingerprints prepared with the Biolog® system showed similarities as well as differences to X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. In spite of the physiological and genetic similarities to pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri, these strains had no or very little affinity for polyclonal antiserum prepared against any of the reference strains of X. axonopodis pv. citri and also did not react with monoclonal antibody A1, an antibody that detects all strains of pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri. These strains were also insensitive to bacteriophage Cp3 like X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A and unlike X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype B. We conclude that these strains, designated Xcc-A*, represent a variant of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype-A with pathogenicity limited to C. aurantifolia. The existence of extensive genotypic and phenotypic variation within pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri was unexpected and further complicates the systematics of this species.
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  • 56
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    Digitale Medien
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    Hydrobiologia 310 (1995), S. 79-86 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): marine nematodes ; Epsilonematidae ; Leptepsilonema ; taxonomy ; new species
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The genusLeptepsilonema is recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean:L. santii sp.n. is characterised by a slender body with a large number of annules (122–128). Cuticular ornamentation with clear ridges and a lateral field of small thorns on both sides of the anteriormost annules are also typical as well as the number and arrangement of copulatory thorns (2–3 pairs, 2 fields), the shape and length (49–58 µm) of spicules in males.L. filiforme is recorded from New Caledonia; specimens largely resemble the original types but are larger. The variability of some morphological structures is discussed.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Mollusca ; Bulinus ; freshwater snails ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Africa ; Namibia ; Schistosoma haematobium ; schistosomiasis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Freshwater snails collected in central Namibia, south-western Africa, from 15 populations belonging to the Bulinus truncatus/tropicus complex (Planorbidae) are characterised in respect of their chromosome number, morphology, egg proteins and enzymes. The population samples were all consistently diploid and euphallic. The findings are compared with observations on this group of snails in other areas of Africa. It is concluded that the Namibian populations belong to a single species, B. tropicus (Krauss, 1848), of which B. parietalis (Mousson, 1887) is probably a synonym. No evidence was found of any occurrence of the tetraploid species B. truncatus or of snails belonging to the B. africanus group; lack of a potential intermediate host therefore precludes transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in this area.
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Hydrobiologia 319 (1996), S. 149-157 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Anostraca ; taxonomy ; limb structure ; Streptocephalus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Streptocephalus caljoni n. sp. from Burundi is described. It is related to Streptocephalus trifidus, but differs from it and other Streptocephalus in the cheliform hand of the male antenna II. We also analyse the morphology of the setae on the endo- and exopodite of the fifth trunk limb, using light- and scanning electron microscopy. This analysis reveals additional differences between the two related species, and is a useful tool in the study of the taxonomy of the Anostraca.
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  • 59
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    Digitale Medien
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    Hydrobiologia 298 (1995), S. 287-293 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): India ; Pakistan ; Sri Lanka ; species richness ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract There are 15 species of Anostraca belonging to 6 genera on the Indian Subcontinent. These are:Artemia sp. (reportedly a bisexual form of undetermined species);Artemia parthenogenetica Bowen & Sterling, 1978;Branchinecta orientalis Sars, 1901;Branchinella hardingi (Qadri & Baqai, 1956);Branchinella kugenumaensis (Ishikawa, 1895);Branchinella ornata Daday, 1910;Branchipodopsis acanthopenes (Malhotra & Duda, 1970);Branchipodopsis affinis Sars, 1901;Branchipus schaefferi Fischer, 1834;Chirocephalus priscus (Daday, 1910);Streptocephalus dichotomus Baird, 1860;Streptocephalus echinus Bond, 1934;Streptocephalus longimanus Bond, 1934;Streptocephalus simplex Gurney, 1906;Streptocephalus spinifer Gurney, 1906. Comparing numbers of species for southern India with other reasonably well studied areas, demonstrated that anostracan species richness is higher in the climatically more varied temperate regions than it is in the more uniform tropics. Tropical South India has six species compared to 13 in Arizona (USA), 19 in California (USA), 10 in Morocco, and 14 in Italy.
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  • 60
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    Digitale Medien
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    Hydrobiologia 298 (1995), S. 307-313 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Tanymastix ; Anostraca ; taxonomy ; zoogeography ; Macedonia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The genusTanymastix Simon, 1886 is represented in Macedonia by two species:Tanymastix stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) andTanymastix motasi Orghidan, 1945. The fairy shrimpT. stagnalis has been found exclusively in the rock pools containing only several litres of water, above the village of Stracin, N. E. Macedonia.T. motasi is present only in the shallow rainpools, less than 15 cm in depth, scattered over an area of untilled, highly-mineralized pasture land in the Pelagonia Plain, S. W. Macedonia. BothTanymastix species are the only anostracans in their biotopes. In Stracin, all the neighbouring rain pools in soil substrat are occupied byChirocephalus diaphanus carinatus (Daday, 1910). In Pelagonia, the deeper water bodies are generally inhabited byChirocephalus pelagonicus Petkovski, 1986 andChirocephalus diaphanus carinatus (Daday, 1910). On the basis of abundant material of both species, a detailed study of essential morphological characters has been carried out and comparisions with data given in the literature have been made. InT. stagnalis, aberrant morphological features were not ascertained. InT. motasi, the originaldescription of the species, hitherto known only for the Giurgiu Region in Rumania, is supplemented by additional diagnostic characteristics.
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  • 61
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    Hydrobiologia 299 (1995), S. 249-257 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Keratella ; Rotifera ; taxonomy ; polymorphism ; lateral antennae ; South America
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The morphological characteristics ofKeratella lenzi (f.ayui) f. nov. and the phylogenetic and ecological implications of the appearance of posterolateral spines inK. lenzi Hauer, 1953 are discussed. The morphotype is described after detailed observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with otherKeratella species of the superspecies ‘valga’. The pores of the lateral antennae are described, and proposed as a new character for future comparative research. Some ecological information is also given.
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  • 62
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    Digitale Medien
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    Hydrobiologia 339 (1996), S. 23-25 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Rotifera ; Thailand ; taxonomy ; Lecane segersi n.sp.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Lecane segersi n.sp. collected from a swamp in Udornthani province, northeastern part of Thailand, is described and figured. It is closely related to the common, warm-stenotherm Lecane papuana (Murray), but distinguished by the presence of inwardly directed antero-lateral spines.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Attheyella (Canthosella) mervini ; taxonomy ; new species ; Jamaica ; phytotelmata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In phytotelmata of Jamaican bromeliads the harpacticoid copepods Epactophanes richardi Mrázek, 1893, Phyllognathopus viguieri (Maupas, 1892) and Attheyella (Canthosella) mervini sp. n. occurred. The new species conforms to the diagnosis of the subgenus, despite the fact that the endopods of legs 2–4 have retained more setae than in the species known for the Asian region. Attheyella (Canthosella) mervini lacks setae on the baseoendopod of leg 5, which is characteristic for neotropical Canthosella-species. We propose that Attheyella (Chappuisiella) kalima (Delachaux, 1924), Attheyella (Ch.) aliena Noodt, 1956, Elaphoidella siolii Kiefer, 1967, and Canthocamptus (Elaphoidella) striblingi Reid, 1990 be included in the subgenus Attheyella (Canthosella). Additionally, Attheyella (Chappuisiella) kalima of Dussart & Frutos, 1986 is included in this subgenus, but we propose the name Attheyella (Canthosella) pilagaensis sp.n., because the species as described differs from the original description of A. (C.) kalima (Delachaux, 1924).
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Hydrobiologia 302 (1995), S. 241-255 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Antartica ; Weddell Sea ; new genus ; Archilaophonte maxima ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Male and female of a new genus and species of the family Laophontidae, Archilaophonte maxima, are described. The specimen was found in the high Antartic (Weddell Sea) and apprears to be the most primitive genus up to now within the superfamily Laophontoidea as defined by Huys (1990). Based on its setation of legs and mouth parts, however, it can be placed unequivocally into the family Laophontidae. Archilaophonte maxima gen. n. shows close affinities to the laophontid genus Esola Edwards 1891. Both genera form a monophyletic group which is interpreted here as the first and most primitive offshot in the evolution of the Laophontidae. The synapomorphies of the former lineage are the shape of the protopodite of the P1 and shape and setation of the female P5.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Turbellaria ; Retronectidae ; Myoretronectes ; taxonomy ; morphology ; ecology ; Paraná river ; Argentina
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Myoretronectes paranaensis, gen. et sp. n., from lotic sandy bottoms of the Paraná river, Argentina, is described. The establishment of the new genus is based on the presence of a non-ciliated pharynx, a discrete oesophagus, and a strong muscle system surrounding the distal pharynx. A new emended diagnosis of the family Retronectidae is presented. Myoretronectes paranaensis apparently cohabits with the oligochaete Narapa bonettoi Righi & Varela, 1983 and the copepod Parastenocaris sp.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Phyllodiaptomus ; Copepoda ; Calanoida ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; Thailand
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Phyllodiaptomus christineae n.sp. is described from Thailand. It stands out, in the male, by the shape and the armature of the second exopodite-segment of the right P5 and by the elongate apical process and ornamentation of the second exopodite-segment of the left P5; in the female, by the reduced lateral wings of the fifth pediger, and by the form of the genital somite. Together withP. blanci, P. tunguidus andP. longipes, the new species constitutes the blanci-group, here raised to the level of a subgenus (Phyllodiaptomus s.s.) with representatives in Central Asia, China, Borneo and Thailand. A second subgenus (Ctenodiaptomus subgen. nov.) is created to accommodate the four Asian species of the annae-group.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; fish parasites ; Copepoda ; Ergasilidae ; Acusicola ; Brazil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four new species of Acusicola are described based on adult females found on gill filaments of several species of coastal and freshwater fishes caught in Brazilian basins. The distribution area of the genus in Brazil is significantly enlarged, since until now the previous Brazilian species had been known only from Amazonian fishes. The specimens identified as Acusicula tenax by Cressey and Collette (1970) are considered representatives of a new species, A. rogeri. A key for identification of the species of Acusicola is provided.
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  • 68
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    Hydrobiologia 324 (1996), S. 163-177 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Mollusca ; Bulinus ; freshwater snails ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Africa ; Zambia ; Schistosoma haematobium ; schistosomiasis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Bulinus africanus species group (Planorbidae) of freshwater snails has been reported to be represented in Zambia by two species, B. africanus (Krauss) and B. globosus (Morelet), both named as intermediate hosts for Schistosoma haematobium. Uncertainty in identification of these snails from morphology led to the present investigation, combining morphometry (shell and copulatory organ) with enzyme analysis. Observations of both kinds were made usually on the same individual snails, from collecting sites mostly in the Lusaka area or at Lake Kariba. Particular attention was given to the proportional relationship between the penis sheath and the preputium of the copulatory organ, a character used previously to distinguish B. africanus from B. globosus in south-eastern Africa. The enzyme profile MDH-1, AcP-2, PGD-1 and PGM-2 was common to all snails examined from 25 populations; GPI and HBDH were polymorphic. The enzyme data indicate that the samples represent a single species. Shell characters varied continuously. The copulatory organ was generally of the form known for B. globosus. Although the copulatory organ of a few individuals had proportions overlapping the range reported for B. africanus, the present variation was continuous and was not bimodal. It is concluded that all these specimens are conspecific and may be identified as B. globosus. Previous identifications of B. africanus from Zambia appear to need substantiation and it seems that if this species is present at all in the sampled areas, it must be uncommon. It is relevant in regard to possible strain differences within S. haematobium in Zambia, that our observations indicate that only a single species of intermediate host is involved in transmission.
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  • 69
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    Digitale Medien
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    Hydrobiologia 328 (1996), S. 147-153 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Ectoprocta ; bryozoa ; Phylactolaemata ; Plumatella ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Plumatella nitens is a newly recognized species of phylactolaemate bryozoan in North America. It has previously been combined with either P. repens or P. fungosa, from which it differs primarily by the floatoblast. In P. nitens the ventral floatoblast annulus is uniformly narrow with no significant widening at the poles. The dorsal floatoblast fenestra is conspicuously larger than in either P. repens or P. fungosa. Reticulated ridges on the dorsal fenestra are weak along the margins, becoming unusually prominent in the center. The sessoblast is densely covered with uneven papillae. Spotty sampling so far shows a distribution only in the northern half of North America, including Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ontario, and the northern regions of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; Ostracoda ; China ; ancient lakes ; saline lakes ; biogeography ; checklist ; Fabaeformiscandona danielopoli n.sp.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fabaeformiscandona danielopoli n.sp. isdescribed from the Chinese Lake Erhai, a freshwaterlagoon of the ancient saline lake Qinghai. The speciesbelongs to the acuminata-group of the genus andis characterized by the shape of both male and femalevalves and by the morphology of the female genitallobe and of lobe ‘a’ in the hemipenis. The new speciesis quite rare in its type locality and might beendemic to the ancient Qinghai basin. A checklist ofRecent non-marine Chinese ostracods is offered inappendix.
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  • 71
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    Hydrobiologia 365 (1997), S. 33-46 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Phylogeny ; cladistics ; taxonomy ; systematics ; classification ; evolution ; history ; chronicle ; Nemertea ; Hoplonemertea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract I review how some influential nemertean systematistshave perceived and illustrated phylogenetic trees andargue that the nineteenth century nemerteantaxonomists still influence many contemporarynemertean taxonomists to a high degree. By showing hownineteenth century systematics differs from moremodern views on trees, I hope to convey the advantagesof a cladistic approach to tree-thinking and nemerteansystematics. Furthermore I propose a systematizationof the Eureptantia that illustrates the cladisticapproach to tree-thinking but, more importantly, isalso a better representation of eureptantic phylogenythan previous classifications.
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  • 72
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    Hydrobiologia 313-314 (1995), S. 35-45 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Rotifera ; zoogeography ; Thailand ; taxonomy ; B. niwati n.sp.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ninety-three freshwater habitats in the north-eastern part of Thailand were surveyed for rotifers during March–October 1993. Two hundred species were identified, 120 of which are new to Thailand. Brachionus africanuss Segers, B. lyratus Shephard and Trichocerca hollaerti De Smet are new to Asia. Brachionus niwati n.sp. is described and figured. Brachionus donneri Brehm, Keratella edmondsoni (Ahlstrom) and Lecane blachei Berziņš, endemic to south and southeast Asia, were found also. Comments are presented on some insufficiently known taxa. Of special zoogeographic interest is the record of several species previously considered endemic to Australia. An attempt is made to characterise the Thai rotifer fauna in the light of recent developments in rotifer zoogeography.
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  • 73
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    Hydrobiologia 318 (1996), S. 17-23 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Chironomidae ; systematics ; taxonomy ; morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The characters of the genitalia of the females of Glyptotendipes glaucus (Meigen, 1818), Glyptotendipes pallens (Meigen, 1804), Glyptotendipes paripes (Edwards, 1929), Glyptotendipes gripekoveni (Kieffer, 1913), Glyptotendipes aequalis (Kieffer, 1922), Glyptotendipes barbipes (Staeger, 1839) and Glyptotendipes salinus Michailova, 1987 are described. A key for the identification of these species is given. The taxonomic status of Glyptotendipes aequalis is discussed.
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  • 74
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    Hydrobiologia 321 (1996), S. 191-204 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Cladocera ; taxonomy ; species estimation ; world fauna
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An estimation of the number of taxa within families, genera and local faunas of Cladocera reveals that only c. 129 species (17% of all known species) may be considered as sufficiently well described (valid species), and c. 146 as rather well described (fair species) but needing further study using modern methods of investigation. The status of all other species is vague. The families Chydoridae, Daphniidae and Sididae and genera Diaphanosoma, Daphnia, (including Daphniopsis), Megafenestra, Scapholeberis, Eurycercus, Chydorus, Ephemeroporus and Pleuroxus have been comparatively studied best. The largest number of valid species is known from Europe, North America, Australia and South America, and the smallest number from Africa. Presence of large number of vague species of Cladocera negatively affects faunistic, zoogeographic, and ecological studies of continental waters.
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  • 75
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    Hydrobiologia 323 (1996), S. 45-59 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Chydorus ‘mutilus’ ; Chydorus sphaericus ; high altitude lakes ; palaeolimnology ; taxonomy ; ecology ; sediments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Since 1991 faunal collections have been made from the mountain lakes of NW Slovenia. These lakes are at altitudes of between 1250 and 2150 m a. s.l., and have rich biotas, both in terms of species-richness, and faunal abundance. Amongst the animals collected were ‘hump-backed’ specimens of genus Chydorus. These are identical with Chydorus ‘mutilus’, a species described from Swiss mountain lakes by Kreis (1921). The abundance of specimen in the collections, coupled with the availability of data from four successive years of sampling, allowed the detailed analysis of these populations. This also includes an examination of chitinous remains preserved in subrecent sediments. The results show that C. ‘mutilus’ Kreis, 1921 actually represents a postephippial form of C. sphaericus (O. F. Müller, 1785). From the data available, it appears that the ‘hump-backed’ form only occurs under certain environmental conditions. Here I discuss environmental factors having the potential to trigger the formation of hump-backed Chydorus. These findings may prove significant in palaelimnological studies, and in the reconstruction of paleotemperatures. In addition, hump-backed animals, apparently identical to European C. ‘mutilus’, have also been found in a sample taken from Lake Titicaca (Peru) in 1954. This supports the hypothesis that the hump-backed morph is an environmentally-cued ecophenotype, and not an independent taxon.
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  • 76
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    Hydrobiologia 334 (1996), S. 37-49 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Oligochaeta ; Naididae ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Italy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We present a list of Italian freshwater and marine Oligochaeta in the families Lumbriculidae, Haplotaxidae, Tubificidae, Naididae, Propappidae, Criodrilidae, and Lumbricidae, representing 57 genera and 130 species. Published data reflect the incomplete knowledge of the Italian oligochaete fauna, restricted to certain geographical areas. Subterranean aquatic and marine fauna are of particular interest as these have been studied the least. We provide a comprehensive review of the Naididae including, for the first time, southern Italy and the islands of Sicily and Sardinia. The distribution of species is discussed and taxonomic problems arising from the morphological variability of Italian material are examined.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Aquatic oligochaetes ; Enchytraeidae ; Guyana ; distribution ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract About 50 species in more than 20 genera of the microdrile oligochaete families Tubificidae, Naididae, Opistocystidae, and Enchytraeidae and the freshwater megadrile families Sparganophilidae and Alluroididae were identified in recent collections made in Guyana. Only seven species in these families were previously recorded from Guyana. The aquatic oligochaete fauna has similar components to those of the southeastern United States, other locations in South America, and across lower latitudes in the northern hemisphere. A high diversity of species is found in the naidids especially in the genera Pristina and Pristinella, especially considering the small number of locations that have been sampled. The collections include approximately 12 new species of rhyacodrilines (Tubificidae), Dero, Pristina, Pristinella (Naididae), Brinkhurstia (Alluroididae), Hemienchytraeus and Aspidodrilus (Enchytraeidae). This is the first record of Aspidodrilus from outside of Africa and the first new record since 1952.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Enchytraeidae ; Oligochaeta ; taxonomy ; general protein ; morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the Enchytraeidae, species separation and identification is often problematic due to high morphological similarity of closely related species and considerable intraspecific variability of crucial characteristics. Immature specimens are almost undeterminable. To meet these difficulties, this paper recommends the consulting of general protein patterns as exhibited by non-specific silver-staining after isoelectric focusing. A method is presented which allows the successful inclusion of protein data in taxonomic studies and field surveys. Two examples from an investigation on Fridericia field populations show that, with the help of general protein pattern analysis, a clear taxonomic decision on the identity of morphologically aberrant forms and of juvenile specimens as well can be achieved with comparatively little expenditure of time. A combined use of morphological and protein data for taxonomic purposes is suggested.
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  • 79
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    Hydrobiologia 336 (1996), S. 19-32 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): diatoms ; biogeography ; species concept ; taxonomy ; conservation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Recent morphometric and breeding studies of diatoms show that the present species classification is too coarse and hides significant diversity. Many species are subdivided into phenodemes, which often differ in cell size, shape, stria density and pattern, but may also have different ultrastructural features. In raphid diatoms these can include the form of the raphe endings, details of the pore occlusions, and the structure of the girdle, while chloroplast structure can also vary. The phenodemes can be sympatric or allopatric. In Sellaphora pupula and other species, sympatric phenodemes are reproductively isolated. It is recommended that such demes are recognized as separate species; the total number of diatom species worldwide may thus be at least 2 × 105. Use of a fine-grained classification reveals that many diatom species may be endemics, some restricted to a single lake or catchment, others to wider areas. Environmental impact assessments and conservation strategies must begin to take account of endemism and rarity among microscopic algae and protists.
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  • 80
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    Hydrobiologia 336 (1996), S. 99-106 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): snow algae ; taxonomy ; ultrastructure ; new species
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A list of the 24 species of snow algae identified from the region, a resume of what is currently known about the major species, and avenues for further research are provided. New species discovered include 2 Desmotetra spp., one Chlorosarcina sp., 2 Chloromonas spp. and a Palmellopsis sp. Several of these are from genera whose members have previously been found only in the soil flora. Not only was it necessary to elucidate the life cycle of these species, but it was also essential to examine them ultrastructurally to determine their taxonomic positions.
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  • 81
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    Hydrobiologia 356 (1997), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Lecanidae ; N.E. India ; Tripura ; taxonomy ; distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Thirty-five species of the family Lecanidae are examined from Tripura state in North-Eastern India. Of these, Lecane levistyla and L. scutata are interesting cold-water forms; L. batillifer is an Australasian element; L. acanthinula and L. sinuata are Oriental endemics and L. braumi, L. lateralis and L. simonneae are palaeotropical species. The lecanid fauna also includes the pantropical L. thienemanni and L. sola while the remainder are cosmopolitan and tropicopolitan elements.
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  • 82
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    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 93-99 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Branchiopoda ; Branchinella ; taxonomy ; morphology ; India
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis (Ishikawa) was long considered a widely, though disjunctly, distributed species occurring from Japan through eastern Asia to southern India. Attempts by Raj (1951, 1961) to make the Indian populations a new variety (B. k. var. madurai) on the basis of antennal and frontal appendage morphology and on its distribution pattern, were considered unconvincing by later authors. Our new comparison of Japanese and Indian specimens has revealed several differences. The resting egg shells of B. kugenumaensis from Japan have irregular polygonal fields; whereas, the shells of the Indian taxon have lip-like units covered with spinules. Furthermore, there are lobes lateral to the basal penes in the Indian specimens that are lacking in the Japanese taxon. As well as differences in antennal and frontal appendage morphology. These differences correspond with previous illustrations of populations from both geographic regions and lead us to consider Raj's proposed subspecies as a valid species. This brings the number of accepted species in the genus Branchinella to 34. More specimens will need to be evaluated from the area between India and Japan to determine if B. maduraiensis is endemic to the Indian subcontinent or is more broadly distributed on the Asian mainland.
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  • 83
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    Hydrobiologia 360 (1997), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; ecology ; caves ; Chydoridae ; Slovenia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Alona stochi n.sp., a third blind cave-dwellingcladoceran from the Dinaric region, was found onseveral occasions in a small cave 30 km south-east ofLjubljana (Slovenia). It is related to Alonahercegovinae Brancelj, 1990 and A. sketiBrancelj, 1992. Several characters suggest that itbelongs to a primitive group within the genus Alona.A. stochi was found in a 'semi-cave' environment, accompanied by a cave-associated fauna(Amphibia: Proteus anguinus, Decapoda: cf. Troglocaris schmidti, Copepoda: Troglodiaptomussketi, Diacyclops tantalus, charon,Elaphoidella stammeri).
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  • 84
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    Hydrobiologia 360 (1997), S. 55-61 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Crustacea ; Anomopoda ; Moinidae ; Moina ephemeralis ; taxonomy ; cladocerans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Moina ephemeralis n.sp. is described from SouthSlovakia. It belongs to the Moinagouldeni-lipini group. Together with Moinamacrocopa (Straus, 1820) it is the second specieswith a 2-egged ephippium from Central Europe. Thespecies was recorded in the plankton of a highlyeutrophic fish pond.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Cladocera ; chydoridae ; taxonomy ; Mexico ; aloninae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Spinalona anophtalma n. gen. n. sp. is describedon parthenogenetic and ephippial females andmales from material collected in a temporary lagoonlocated in the Neovolcanic Province from Mexico at analtitude of 2507 m above sea level. It ischaracterized by a strong armature of the antenna,postabdomen and postabdominal claw, no compound eyeor ocellus, the exopod of thoracic limb IIIwith only four setae and that of P5 with only three setae.This new taxon has no relationwith blind Alona from hypogean habitats.
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  • 86
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    Hydrobiologia 369-370 (1998), S. 363-372 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Euglenophyta ; South America ; geographical distribution ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A taxonomic revision of the Euglenophyta found exclusively in South America is presented. The taxonomy, geographical distribution and critical analysis of the synonyms are given. More than two hundred species and infraspecific entities from South America are described, many of them recorded several times in different regions. The genus Trachelomonas comprises the highest number of new taxa, reaching more than 100 entities. It is followed by Phacus (48 taxa), Strombomonas (33 taxa), Euglena (15 taxa) Lepocinclis (14 taxa), and Distigma, Entosiphon and Sphenomonas with one new taxon each.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Neocervinia itoi ; Copepoda ; Harpacticoida ; taxonomy ; cold-seep ; Japan
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species of harpacticoid copepod, Neocervinia itoi (Cerviniidae), is described on the basis of females and copepodids collected from the Hatsushima cold-seep site in Sagami Bay, Japan. It is morphologically very close to its deep-sea congeners N. tenuicauda (Brotskaya, 1963) and N. unisetosa (Montagna, 1981). The new species differs primarily in the segmentation of the antennule and the endopod of both mandible and maxilliped, and in form and shape of the setae on leg 5. The presence of sensillar structures on the proximal part of the antennule is discussed. A key to the species of Neocervinia is presented.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): marine nematodes ; Draconematidae ; Bathychaetosoma ; taxonomy ; revision ; phylogeny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The family Draconematidae is reviewed. Diagnoses of all taxa are updated or emended, basedupon an evaluation of diagnostic features. Aphylogenetic analysis at the genus level based onparsimony suggested that Tenuidraconema belongsto the Draconematinae. A new genus Bathychaetosoma is erected to accomodate B.uchidai (Kito, 1983). It is characterized by acephalic region with a smooth, non-thickened cuticleand numerous cephalic adhesion tubes located posteriorto the head region and extending over more than twohead diameters along the cervical region.
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  • 89
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    Hydrobiologia 310 (1995), S. 119-122 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Keratella ; taxonomy ; morphology ; Rotifera ; Mexico
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species of Keratella is described from a small reservoir in Aguascalientes, Mexico. The species appears related to K. slacki Bērziņčss, 1963 and K. lenzi Hauer, 1953.
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  • 90
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    Hydrobiologia 316 (1995), S. 43-58 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Daphniidae ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; Simocephalus latirostris ; S. lusaticus ; S. mesorostris sp. n. ; S. (Aquipiculus) subgen. n
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The group of 3 species: Simocephalus latirostris, S. lusaticus and a new species, S. mesorostris, is given the rank of a subgenus. Descriptions and a key for the identification of these species are given. The unknown male of S. latirostris is described. The comparison of the lectotype of S. latitrostis with material from different regions shows that this species is not pantropical as previously supposed. It occurs only in South and Central America. S. mesorostris n. sp., living in Australia, the Malay Archipelago, South-East Asia and Africa, was previously confused with S. latirostris.
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  • 91
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    Hydrobiologia 326-327 (1996), S. 169-172 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): distribution ; Gulf of California ; Mexico ; Phaeophyta ; seaweeds ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Seven sites in Bahía de los Angeles, northern Gulf of California, were sampled seasonally over a three-year period. Five species of brown algae previously not recorded from this bay were identified: Ralfsia pacifica, Sporochnus balleanus, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Colpomenia sinuosa and Padina mexicana. Of these, H. clathratus also provided a new record for the northern Gulf of California. One species previously recorded from the bay, Dictyopteris undulata, was not observed. On a seasonal basis, temperature and biodiversity showed an inverse relationship: highest species numbers occurred in spring, when temperatures were lowest, and lowest species numbers occurred in autumn when temperatures were highest. Most species of brown algae in Baífa de los Angeles are annuals.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Daphnia jollyi ; Australia ; Cladocera ; Anomopoda ; freshwater rock pools ; biogeography ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The rediscovery of Daphnia jollyi Petkovski 1973 in Western Australia has allowed a more complete description of the female and has extended the known range of the species within Western Australia. One population had males and ephippial females, making possible the first description of the resting eggs, and male characteristics. The fringe of setae on the mid-region of the margin of the carapace in the female, thought to suggest a close relationship with Daphnia obtusa, is a primitive character shared with other genera in the Daphniidae, and which, therefore, does not provide sound information on relationships within the subgenus. Unique characteristics displayed in the ephippium (such as its sub-rectangular shape and the orientation of large egg chambers set at an angle to the dorsal margin of the carapace), and right angled margins of the fornices, that make it difficult to determine the precise affinities of D. jollyi within the subgenus Daphnia. This unique character set, and the species' relict distribution in a region of high and ancient endemicity, suggests D. jollyi may represent a separate and ancient lineage within the subgenus, presently found only in granite rock pools of slightly acid pH (6.0–6.5) in a restricted region of south-western Australia.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Paralona pigra ; Chydorus ; Pleuroxus ; taxonomy ; distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We studied the morphology of some members of the ‘Chydorus’ piger-group, using populations from Karelia (Russia), France, Germany, the Azores, Magadan (East Siberia), Newfoundland (Canada), Venezuela, Zambia, and Bolivia, and move Chydorus piger Sars, 1861 to the genus Paralona Sramek-Husek et al., 1962, which we redefine using traditional characters (first antenna with subapical and apical esthetascs, second antenna with only six setae, ventral valve rim fully setulated with setae in marginal position except between anterior bend and well-developed anterior flange), as well as structural features of the trunk limbs, especially 1 and 2. Chydorus and Pleuroxus are the nearest relatives of Paralona. The genus presently contains only the species P. pigra (Sars, 1861). This, however, shows considerable morphological variation and might therefore be composed of several related taxa, in need of a closer definition.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): cyclopoid copepod ; taxonomy ; cosmopolitan ; micro-characters ; freshwater ; Japan
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four cyclopoid copepods of Eucyclopinae, Macrocyclops albidus, Eucyclops cf. serrulatus, E. cf. speratus and Tropocyclops prasinus, are described from small ponds in Kyushu. Special attention was paid to spinules on the appendages. Macrocyclops albidus and E. cf. serrulatus have some differences in those spinules from European forms described in previous studies. The Japanese E. serrulatus-speratus group probably consists of more than two species. Tropocyclops prasinus is identical to the description by Gurney (1933) in micro-characters but differs in setal lengths of the legs.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Diaptomidae ; Copepoda ; Calanoida ; taxonomy ; Allodiaptomus rarus n.sp. ; Thailand
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A brief taxonomic review is made of the diaptomid copepods of Thailand. The updated list contains 21 species; the records of some species, however, are unreliable. Neodiaptomus botulifer Kiefer, N. yangtsekiangensis Mashiko, and Allodiaptomus calcarus Shen & Tai are redescribed. The extensive morphologic variability observed in N. botulifer casts serious doubt on the validity of Neodiaptomus malaindosinensis Lai & Fernando; hence the synonymy of these two species is discussed. It is clarified that Lai & Fernando (1981) and others had erroneously identified and/or described N. yangtsekiangensis and A. calcarus as Arctodiaptomus bacillifer (Koelbel) and Neodiaptomus mephistopheles Brehm, respectively, and that the occurrence of the latter two species in Thailand is hardly likely. Mongolodiaptomus uenoi (Kikuchi) and Heliodiaptomus elegan Kiefer are reported for the first time from Thailand. Also included in this paper is an illustrated description of a new species, Allodiaptomus rarus n.sp., which is closely related to A. calcarus Shen & Tai.
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  • 96
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    Hydrobiologia 316 (1995), S. 1-32 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; autapomorphic characters ; convergence ; evolution ; freshwaters snails ; Lanistes ; Mollusca ; palaeolimnology ; palaeontology ; Pila ; predator/prey coevolution ; riftlakes ; taxonomy ; punctuated equilibrium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Albertine Rift Valley (Uganda-Zaire) contains vast sedimentary sequences of late Cenozoic age. They were deposited in an extensive riftlake, Lake Obweruka, which existed from c. 8 Ma to 2.5 Ma and was comparable in size and depth to the present L. Tanganyika. Many freshwater molluscs that occur in these lacustrine deposits are characterised by their aberrant shell morphology, their extreme ornamentation and general form, making them resemble marine species. This convergence, rare in freshwater molluscs, is called thalassoidism and extreme ornamentation in marine as well as in freshwater molluscs is considered to be the result of a gradual process of prey/predator coevolution. In the present paper the Albertine representants of the ampullariid genera Lanistes and Pila, most of which are new to science, are taxonomically described and their phylogenetic relation, based upon apomorphic characters, is given. In addition the evolutionary history of these freshwater snails in the basin has been reconstructed. In the pre-riftlake environment 3 species of Lanistes occurred, with no special shell adaptations against predation. After the formation of a riftlake, 2 of these, colonising the new lacustrine ecospace, changed morphologically and radiated. The 3 derived lines show minor adaptations against predation. After the extinction of the dominant Lanistes species group around 6 Ma, the sole surviving lacustrine Lanistes suddenly radiates, the ancestral line persisting next to the 3 new daughter lines. This second morphological shift is spectacular as it produces shells with distinct thalassoid features. All the Lanistes species of L. Obweruka became extinct during a cataclysmic event around 4.5 Ma. Populations of the genus Pila colonised lacustrine habitats after this event, the derived form also showing striking thalassoid characters. There is no doubt that the intense morphological change occurred during a brief period, geologically speaking. The degree of morphological change in molluscs appears hence not to be linked with time. After the sudden radiation all lineages remain morphologically stable until they became extinct c. 1 Ma later. This pattern corresponds to the punctuated equilibrium model. Other groups (viviparids, thiarids) show more gradual changes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 365 (1997), S. 149-156 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Nemertea ; North America ; taxonomy ; Micrura leidyi ; Fragilonemertes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An elongate, pencil-shaped, burrowing heteronemerteanthat fragments readily is commonly encountered in clamflats and sometimes in sandy beaches of the NewEngland states. It is usually a reddish color, bearsa caudal cirrus, and has been routinely recorded asMicrura leidyi. Histological examination ofdeep red to reddish purple individuals proved them tobe intertidal specimens of the normally deep waterTarrhomyos luridus. Living pink to redindividuals could be divided into two groups on thebasis of color pattern, but were indistinguishablehistologically. Comparison with Micrurafasciolata, the type species of the genus,showed morphological differences that do not representinterspecific variation, but indicate a separategeneric placement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 19 (1998), S. 879-905 
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Schlagwort(e): Alouatta seniculus ; taxonomy ; geographic distribution ; Guianas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cytogenetic and morphological studies have begun to reexamine the taxonomy of the red howlers Alouatta seniculus which live throughout the northern and western Amazon basin, in the Guianas, and from northern Colombia and Venezuela, south to Bolivia. We briefly review the current state of knowledge of the taxonomy and distributions of red howlers, in particular, that of the Guianan subspecies. Recently, two names have been applied to populations from this region, Simia straminea Humboldt, 1812, and Alouatta macconnelli Elliot, 1910. Allen (1911, 1916) unquestioningly accepted the validity of A. macconnelli from the Guyana coast, but most subsequent taxonomic revisions (Cruz Lima, 1945; Cabrera, 1957; Husson, 1978) have synonymized it with S. straminea. Tate (1939) and Hill (1962) listed Alouatta seniculus macconnelli, but both doubted its validity. Nevertheless, recent cytogenetic and morphological studies, without due consideration of the taxonomic history of the two scientific names, have led to the resurrection of A. macconnelli, as distinct from S. straminea. The use of the name Alouatta macconnelli has evidently arisen from a cursory reading of Hill (1962) or an uncritical interpretation of his provisional subspecific distribution map or both. There are also contradictory interpretations of a reciprocal translocation as indicating that Simia straminea and Alouatta macconnelli are separate species (Bonvicino et al., 1995) or the same subspecies (Sampaio et al., 1996). Doubts about the type locality of Simia straminea Humboldt, 1812, as given by Hill (1962), led us to research its original description and to conclude that Simia straminea is a synonym of Alouatta caraya and therefore unavailable for Alouatta seniculus. Before A. macconnelli is accepted as the next available name for the Guianan red howlers, however, we advocate a thorough review of Guianan, Venezuelan, and Colombian red howler subspeciation, with due consideration for the taxonomic status of Mycetes auratus and Mycetes laniger Gray, 1845. We note that Alouatta guariba (Humboldt, 1812) is a senior synonym of Alouatta fusca (Saint-Hilaire, 1812).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of systems integration 9 (1999), S. 167-185 
    ISSN: 1573-8787
    Schlagwort(e): flexibility ; complexity ; systems approach ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we present a taxonomy of manufacturing problems, labeled in a general sense as Design, Production, or Distribution problems. One or more basic systems concepts, such as complexity and adaptation, attach themselves to each such problems. By combining the hierarchical Design—Production—Distribution idea with system concepts, we establish the fact that there is, indeed, a significant systems component to most problems of modern manufacturing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 204 (1997), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Saxifragaceae s. l. ; Eremosyne pectinata ; rbcL sequence analysis ; chloroplast DNA ; molecular systematics ; phylogenetic analysis ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Earlier analyses ofrbcL sequences clarified phylogenetic relationships of 16 of 17 subfamilies ofSaxifragaceae s. l. This study investigates the affinities of the monotypicEremosynoideae, the only subfamily ofSaxifragaceae s. l. not examined previously forrbcL sequence variation. Our analyses suggest thatEremosyne is only distantly related to core members ofSaxifragaceae s. l. (i.e.Saxifragoideae = Saxifragaceae s. str.); it is allied instead with members ofAsteridae. A particularly close relationship is indicated betweenEremosyne andEscallonia, another traditional member ofSaxifragaceae s. l. that also appears as part ofAsteridae. Inclusion ofEremosyne withinAsteridae is in agreement with embryology, as well as with 18S rDNA sequence data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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