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  • wheat  (294)
  • Zea mays  (193)
  • Springer  (485)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1990-1994  (485)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Examination of anAspergillus flavus resistant inbred of maize for crossresistance to sap beetle vectors (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): aflatoxin ; Carophilus ; Zea mays ; corn ; plant resistance ; Coleoptera ; Nitidulidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382385
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological activity of maize leaf extracts against the African armyworm,Spodoptera exempta (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): plant varietal resistance ; armyworm ; Spodoptera exempta ; leaf extracts ; Zea mays ; feeding deterrent ; toxicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) leaf tissue of cv Bastille and cv Michoacan 12 was extracted with n-hexane. The extracts were bioassayed against 5th instar African armyworm,Spodoptera exempta (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), by feeding the larvae on agar based media or sucrose impregnated glass fibre discs. The hexane extract of the ‘resistant’ cv Bastille exhibited feeding deterrency and toxicity which were not shown by the ‘susceptible’ cv Michoacan 12. The hexane extract of cv Bastille was adsorbed onto silica gel, the solution filtered off and the adsorbed component taken up into ethyl acetate. Bioassay of these fractions indicated that the toxic and deterrent action was retained in the ethyl acetate fraction. Preparative thin layer chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction isolated two biologically active constituents. These were both growth inhibitors and lethal by ingestion to the 5th instar African armyworm. Implications for resistance in maize varieties to insect pests are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382411
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of experience on in-flight orientation to host-associated cues in the generalist parasitoidLysiphlebus testaceipes (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 68 (1993), S. 219-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hymenoptera ; Aphidiidae ; Homoptera ; Aphididae ; Schizaphis graminum ; wheat ; tritrophic interactions ; learning ; host-habitat location
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of experience on the responsiveness of the aphidiid parasitoidLysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) to host-associated cues was investigated using a wind-tunnel bioassay. Naive females were able to discriminate between uninfested wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat infested withSchizaphis gramimum (Rondani) (Homoptera: Aphididae), but oviposition experience significantly increased the parasitoid's propensity to respond to aphid-infested plants with upwind, targeted flight. The behavioural change associated with such experience was acquired rapidly (within five minutes) and persisted for at least 24 h. The parasitoid could be successfully conditioned to associate a novel odour with the presence of hosts, suggesting that the increase in response to aphid-infested plants which occurs as a result of experience is probably due to associative learning of olfactory cues from the plant-aphid complex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380774
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DNA in wheat seeds from European archaeological sites (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 571-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Ancient DNA ; archaeobotany ; carbonized grain ; DNA sequences ; glutenin alleles ; seed proteins ; Triticum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have used hybridization analysis to detect ancient DNA in wheat seeds collected from three archaeological sites in Europe and the Middle East. One of these samples, carbonizedT. spelta dated to the first millennium BC, has yielded PCR products after amplification with primers directed at the leader regions of the HMW (high molecular weight) glutenin alleles. Sequences obtained from these products suggest that the DNA present in the Danebury seeds is chemically damaged, as expected for ancient DNA, and also indicate that it should be possible to study the genetic variability of archaeological wheat by ancient DNA analysis. Finally, we describe a PCR-based system that enables tetraploid and hexaploid wheats to be distinguished.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01921727
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses of Carpophilus hemipterus larvae and adults to selected secondary metabolites of maize (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; corn ; host plant resistance ; phenolics ; flavonoids ; hydroxamic acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les réactions de larves et adultes du nitidulidé C. hemipterus (L.), vecteur de champignons produisant la mycotoxine, aux composés phénoliques caractéristiques, aux flavonoïdes et aux acides hydroxamiques, métabolites secondaires qui provoquent la résistance du maïs (Zea mays L.) ont été examinées au cours d'expériences avec et sans choix. L'alimentation des adultes et des larves est généralement réduite par les acides coumarique et férulique et par la 6-méthoxy-2-benzoxazolinone dans des expériences sans choix; les insectes évitent généralement les aliments qui contiennent ces produits. Quoi qu'il en soit, les larves préfèrent consommer d'autres aliments contenant les autres phénoliques ou flavonoïdes examinés. Les adultes sont plus inconstants dans leur choix alimentaires, mais préfèrent souvent des aliments contenant de la quercetine. Ainsi, des programmes de sélection orientés contre les principaux ravageurs comme Heliothis zea (Boddie) ou Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), impliquant la sélection de plantes à teneur élevée en acides phénolique ou hydroxamique, augmentant probablement aussi la résistance aux nitidulidés.
    Notizen: Abstract Selected secondary metabolites produced by maize (Zea mays L.) were tested for effects on larvae and adults of the dried-fruit beetle [Carpophilus hemipterus (L.)] in no-choice and choice assays. Feeding by adults and larvae was significantly reduced by ferulic acid and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) in no-choice assays. In choice assays, larvae and adults generally preferred diets with trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, rutin, and thymol, but were repelled by diets with either ferulic acid or MBOA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353983
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Manganese reduction in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal maize (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Glomus mosseae ; Manganese uptake ; Root exudation ; Manganese reduction ; Mycorrhizal effect ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of rhizosphere microorganisms and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza on manganese (Mn) uptake in maize (Zea mays L. cv. Tau) plants was studied in pot experiments under controlled environmental conditions. The plants were grown for 7 weeks in sterilized calcareous soil in pots having separate compartments for growth of roots and of VA mycorrhizal fungal hyphae. The soil was left either uninoculated (control) or prior to planting was inoculated with rhizosphere microorganisms only (MO-VA) or with rhizosphere microorganisms together with a VA mycorrhizal fungus [Glomus mosseae (Nicol and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe] (MO+VA). Mycorrhiza treatment did not affect shoot dry weight, but root dry weight was slightly inhibited in the MO+VA and MO-VA treatments compared with the uninoculated control. Concentrations of Mn in shoots decreased in the order MO-VA〉MO+VA〉control. In the rhizosphere soil, the total microbial population was higher in mycorrhizal (MO+VA) than nonmycorrhizal (MO-VA) treatments, but the proportion of Mn-reducing microbial populations was fivefold higher in the nonmycorrhizal treatment, suggesting substantial qualitative changes in rhizosphere microbial populations upon root infection with the mycorrhizal fungi. The most important microbial group taking part in the reduction of Mn was fluorescent Pseudomonas. Mycorrhizal treatment decreased not only the number of Mn reducers but also the release of Mn-solubilizing root exudates, which were collected by percolation from maize plants cultivated in plastic tubes filled with gravel quartz sand. Compared with mycorrhizal plants, the root exudates of nonmycorrhizal plants had two fold higher capacity for reduction of Mn. Therefore, changes in both rhizosphere microbial population and root exudation are probably responsible for the lower acquisition of Mn in mycorrhizal plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050048
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficacy of root litter as a biofertiliser (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 228-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Fine root ; Root litter ; Biofertiliser ; Leucaena leucocephala ; Trigonella foenum-graecum ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The efficacy ofLeucaena leucocephala root litter as a natural biological fertiliser was assessed usingZea mays as a test plant. Up to 8% of the fine roots of the plants constituted root litter. This fine root litter was better than that ofTrigonella foenum-graecum at increasing the growth and productivity ofZea mays. The root litter increased the growth of maize shoots more than the growth of roots. This appears to be a general phenomenon when plant nutrients are insufficient, as in the present study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647671
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ndhH genes of gramminean plastomes are linked with the junctions between small single copy and inverted repeat regions (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Chloroplast DNA ; Junction between small single copy and inverted repeat regions ; Zea mays ; Grammineae ; ndhH gene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The junctions JSA and JSB between the two inverted repeat regions IRA and IRB and the small single copy region of the maize chloroplast DNA have been identified by DNA sequencing. The JSA junction coincides with the initiation codon of the ndhH gene which is encoded by the adjacent region of the small single copy region. A comparison with the plastomes of rice, rye, tobacco and liverwort shows that linkage of this junction with the ndhH gene is specific for gramminean species. The amino acid sequences deduced from the ndhH genes show conserved histidine and cysteine residues which are likely to form a metal-binding domain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318388
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The possible involvement of cytokinins in the pathogenicity of Helminthosporium maydis (1990)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 109 (1990), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Helminthosporium maydis ; Zea mays ; Green islands/infection sites ; cytokinin activity ; pathogenicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Green islands/infection sites recorded higher cytokinin activity than surrounding tissue as well as non-inoculated tissue. This activity in infected areas increased with time of incubation while in tissue surrounding the green islands and non-inoculated tissue, cytokinin activity decreased with time of incubation. The culture filtrate extracts of H. maydis had cytokinin activity which increased with growth of the fungus. Cytokinin activity of thin-layer Chromatographic fractions from tissue and culture filtrate extracts revealed that a major portion of the activity was confined to Rf zone 0.6 to 0.8 which co-chromatographed with zeatin and zeatin riboside. Presence of zeatin and zeatin riboside in tissue and culture filtrates was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography. Cytokinin substances, such as zeatin and zeatin riboside, increase at infection sites with growth of the pathogen suggesting they may be involved in the pathogenicity of H. maydis on maize.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436807
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sequential development of pathogens in the maize tarspot disease complex (1992)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 117 (1992), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Phyllachora maydis ; Monographella maydis ; Coniothyrium phyllachorae ; Zea mays ; tarspot complex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The tarspot complex is caused by the interaction of Phyllachora maydis and Monographella maydis. Coniothyrium phyllachorae, possibly a mycoparasite, is found in older ascostromata of P. maydis, which always appears first causing tarspot. M. maydis follows and is responsible for the damaging “fisheye” symptom. The fisheye symptom is always associated with a tarspot in the center of the lesion, whereas 12 to 20% of the Phyllachora ascostromata remained free of M. maydis. Inoculations of maize leaves with the Microdochium anamorph of the Monographella (usually produced in lesions) failed to produce infections. Some infections with M. maydis were, however, obtained under unusual conditions in the field. Inoculations onto tarspots in the laboratory were unsuccessful, but in field experiments inoculations with conidia of M. maydis enhanced severity of the tarspot complex. Fisheye symptoms of the complex naturally appear 2 to 7 days after the manifestation of P. maydis. This is followed a week later by the appearance of M. maydis which became predominant in the lesions and is associated with empty perithecia of P. maydis. In the early stages of the tarspots pycnidia of the anamorph of P. maydis, Linochora sp., could occasionally be observed. Ascomata of M. maydis were rare in the field. Of the 36 genetic materials of CIMMYT tested, 30 developed the fisheye symptom, 4 tarspots only and 2 remained free of symptoms
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442777
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of aflatoxin B1 on immature germinating maize (Zea mays) embryos (1992)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 119 (1992), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): aflatoxin B1 ; electron microscopy ; in vitro ; immature maize embryo ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Immature maize (Zea mays L.) embryos were treated with aflatoxin B1 concentrations, ranging from 0.1 μg ml−1 to 25 μg ml−1. Below 5 μg ml−1 aflatoxin B1, root and shoot elongation was not significantly inhibited. Ultrastructurally, root tip cells showed little deterioration, except a possible diffused clearing in mitochondria and plastids. As the toxin concentration was increased above 5 μgml−1, shoot, and particularly root elongation, was progressively inhibited. Associated with this, there was an apparent decrease in the ribosome population. Furthermore, membranes, particularly the vacuolar membrane, became abnormal and vacuolar distension occurred. At 20 and 25 μg ml−1, these effects were exacerbated, and mitochondria and plastid structure was disrupted. At these concentrations, there was evidence of a disruption in lipid metabolism. The results are discussed in the context of known aflatoxin effects on cellular control mechanisms and ultrastructure in animal systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00448817
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mycotoxin formation in HY-320 wheat during granary storage at 15 and 19% moisture content (1990)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 111 (1990), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): mycotoxin ; ochratoxin ; Penicillium ; storage ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Eleven-kilogram parcels of HY-320 wheat, a cultivar of the new Canada Prairie Spring class, were kept at 15 and 19% initial moisture contents (IMC) in simulated storage in a Manitoba farm granary for 60 weeks to determine biotic and abiotic changes and mycotoxin production. Ochratoxin A reached a maximum of 0.24 ppm by week 20 in the 19% IMC wheat, but was absent in the 15% IMC wheat; no other mycotoxins were detected. Temperature, moisture content, O2 and CO2 levels, fat acidity values, seed germination, microfloral incidence and abundance, and the presence of other mycotoxins were monitored. Principal component analysis of all variables showed that the first principal components accounted for 32–41% of the system variability, and contained the ochratoxin A variable. Ochratoxin A was produced in moist grain that had decreased seed germination andAltermaria activity, and high fungal activity byPenicillium andAspergillus versicolor. Compared to other stored cereals previously studied, HY-320 wheat would be ranked in a low-risk category for mycotoxin formation, based on the ochratoxin A levels observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282802
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of the incubation conditions on the production of patulin by Penicillium griseofulvum isolated from wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 115 (1991), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Penicillium griseofulvum ; patulin ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Sixty-four wheat samples from Spanish flour factories were screened for patulin and patulin-producing moulds. None of them was found to contain any patulin, whereas samples experimentally contaminated with this toxin proved it to be highly unstable. On the other hand, Penicillium griseofulvum was the only in vitro patulin-producing species found (19 samples). Mould growth in the samples was investigated by using yeast-sucrose medium (YES) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the amounts of toxin produced during 40 day's incubation at 20 and 28°C. The highest yield rate of patulin was obtained between the 20th and 30th day of incubation; such a rate, however, was very low throughout the vigorous growth phase, during the first 20 days of incubation. The more appropriate temperature for incubation and patulin production was 28 °C. We also investigated the influence of other incubation conditions in the yield and found stationary dark cultures to be more efficient that shaken or fermentation cultures in YES medium. The best patulin yield achieved was 11.9 mg in the culture broth and 6.3 mg in the mycelium from 100 ml of medium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00462220
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessing risk associated with N fertilizer recommendations in the absence of soil tests (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 40 (1994), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen response ; on-farm research ; risk ; probability ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In many developing countries, fertilizer recommendations must be made in the absence of plant and soil analyses. When the region is variable in terms of soils, weather, and magnitude of response to fertilizer, a recommendation is likely to involve a high degree of risk for the farmer. Quantification of such risk is key to developing appropriate recommendations for the farmer. However, most methodologies generally used in analyzing fertilizer trials do not allow adequate quantification, especially as a continuous function, of the risk associated with a given recommendation. Three years of on-farm trials conducted in the High Valley of Mexico were used to evaluate different methodologies for generating N fertilization recommendations and their associated risk for wheat (Triticum aestivum) production in the absence of soil tests. When the traditional approach, using average yield responses or separate trial results, was used, an economic optimum was identified, but it was not possible to quantify the associated risk. In contrast, however, by using a combination of response surface methodology and simple probability analysis, the risk associated with any given recommendation was developed, even under the highly variable conditions of the study zone. The approach uses a treatment difference matrix (developed using average yield differences between a treatment and the zero N (0N) check) and its associated standard deviation over locations. From the matrix, an equation (being a function of N rate and relative grain:N price ratios) was developed that shows the probability of outperforming the 0N check for the economic optimum rate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750463
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of level of application on the residual value of superphosphate on a sandy soil in south-western Australia (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Superphosphate ; residual value ; sandy soil ; leaching of phosphorus ; lupins ; barley ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In a field experiment on deep, yellow, sandy soil near Badgingarra, Western Australia, the residual value of superphosphate applied one and two years previously was measured relative to freshly-applied superphosphate using yields of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), barley and wheat. In addition, soil samples were collected for measurement of bicarbonate-extractable soil P. This was also used to estimate the residual value of the superphosphate. For lupins and wheat, and for bicarbonate-extractable soil P, the residual value decreased with increasing level of application. For barley grain, the residual value was not significantly affected by the level of application. The decrease in residual value of superphosphate with increasing level of application is attributed to increased leaching of applied phosphorus (P) down the profile of the sandy soils as the level of application increases. This may reduce subsequent plant yields due to the delay in seedling roots reaching the P in the soil during the crucial early stages of plant growth. For lupins, the relationship between yield and the level of superphosphate applied was markedly sigmoidal. The relationship for wheat and barley was exponential. Consequently, at suboptimal levels of P application, lupins required about two to three times more P than wheat or barley to produce the same yield. However, lupins required less P to achieve near-maximum yield.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048956
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The current and residual value of superphosphate for lupins grown in rotation with oats and wheat on a deep sandy soil (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 31 (1992), S. 319-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Superphosphate ; fertilizer effectiveness ; residual value ; lupins ; oats ; wheat ; grain production ; bicarbonate-extractable soil phosphorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In a field experiment on a deep pale-yellow sand in a 600 mm per annum rainfall Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia, six levels of phosphorus (P) as superphosphate (O up to 546 kg P ha−1) were applied once only, to the soil surface, before sowing lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). The lupins were grown in a continuous arable cropping rotation with, in successive years, oats (Avena sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), lupins. Five such rotations were started in the experiment from 1985 to 1989. The experiment continued until the end of 1990. The relationship between lupin seed (grain) yields and the level of P applied was measured in the year of P application for five successive years (1985 to 1989). The relationship had the same general form but it varied between years, largely due to different maximum yields (yield plateaux) in each year. The residual value of superphosphate applied three years previously was measured for lupins on two occasions (1988 and 1989) relative to superphosphate applied in the current year. The residual values was different in the two years. The superphosphate applied three years previously was about 30% as effective as freshly applied superphosphate in 1988, and 12% as effective in 1989. At each harvest, the relationship between grain yield and the P concentration in the grain differed for different species. However, for each species at each harvest, the relationship was similar regardless of when the P was applied in the previous years. Thus each species had the same internal efficiency of P use curve, and yields varied only with P concentration in tissue. Bicarbonate-extractable soil P was determined on soil samples taken in mid-July of 1989 and 1990. These soil test values were related to grain yields at harvest. The relationship between yield and soil test values had the same general form but varied for different species within years and for each species between years. It also varied for each species within years depending on the year the P was applied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051283
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Residual value of superphosphate for wheat and lupin grain production on a uniform yellow sandplain soil (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 31 (1992), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Superphosphate ; residual value ; wheat ; lupins ; soil test for phosphorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In a field experiment on a sandplain soil in a low rainfall (326 mm per annum) Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia, the effectiveness of superphosphate applied in 1986 was measured in three subsequent years relative to freshly-applied superphosphate each year, using grain (seed) yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). The wheat and lupins were grown in rotation and both crops were grown each year starting in 1986. Bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus was determined on soil samples taken in mid June from where the P treatment was applied in 1986 only. These soil test values were related to the grain yields produced that year. For each level of superphosphate applied in 1986, soil test values decreased with increasing time from application. The relationship between grain yield and soil test values had the same general form within each year for both plant species, but varied between years. For both species, the effectiveness of superphosphate decreased by about 70–80% between the year of application and the first and second years after application, and by a further approximate 10% in the third year. The relationship between grain yield and the level of superphosphate applied became sigmoidal by 1989.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051284
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between electroultrafiltration (EUF) extractable nitrogen, grain yield, and optimum nitrogen fertilizer rates for winter wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): nitrogen fertilizer rate ; electroultrafiltration ; wheat ; soil test
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The objective of the investigation was to examine whether there exist relationships between the optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate for winter wheat and soil nitrogen fractions extracted by electroultrafiltration (EUF) from autumn samples of the upper soil layer (0–30 cm). Optimum nitrogen fertilizer rates were derived from grain yield curves of field trials carried out with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates on 19 different sites in 1985/86 and 1986/87. Most soils were luvisols derived from loess, two soils were brown earths and one a pararendzina. Total Nitrogen fertilizer rates were 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N/ha applied twice before ear emergence. The final nitrogen rate at ear emergence was the same for all treatments, namely 60 kg N/ha. Optimum nitrogen fertilizer rates were derived from the grain yield curve fitted to a modified Mitscherlich equation. The optimum nitrogen fertilizer rates were correlated with the nitrogen fractions extracted by EUF. The regression equation thus obtained showed that NO 3 - , the organic N fraction (EUF Norg), and the EUF Norg-quotient each had a highly significant impact on the optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate. The higher the amounts of EUF-N extracted the lower the optimum nitrogen rate. Substituting the EUF Norg-fraction for total nitrogen concentration in the upper soil layer gave a poorer relationship between the optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate and the soil data. In absolute terms the EUF Norg-fraction had by far the greatest impact on calculating the optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate. The investigation shows that the EUF method is a suitable technique for the determination of available soil nitrogen from which optimum nitrogen fertilizer rates can be derived for winter wheat cultivated under soil and climatic conditions typical for cereal growing areas in central Europe.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054392
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of soil pH on the requirement for water-soluble phosphorus in triple superphosphate fertilizers (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 40 (1994), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): available P ; citrate insoluble P ; phosphorus sources ; triple superphosphate ; Triticum aestivum ; water soluble P ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A greenhouse study was conducted to determine if soil pH affects the requirement for water-soluble P and the tolerance of water-insoluble impurities in TSP fertilizers. Two commercial TSP fertilizers were selected to represent a range in phosphate rock sources and impurities. Phosphate fertilizer impurities were isolated as the water-washed fraction by washing whole fertilizers with deionized water. TSP fertilizers with various quantities of water-soluble P (1.2 to 99% water-soluble P) were simulated by mixing the water-washed fertilizer fractions or dicalcium phosphate (DCP) with reagent-grade monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The fertilizers were applied to supply 40 mg AOAC available P kg−1 to a Mountview silt loam (fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudults). Wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.)) was harvested at 49 and 84 days after planting. Soil pH values at the final forage harvest were 5.4±0.16 and 6.4±0.15. At a soil pH of 5.4, the TSP fertilizers required only 37% water-soluble P to reach maximum yields while at pH 6.4 the fertilizers required 63% water-soluble P. Results of this study show that higher levels of water -insoluble P can be tolerated in TSP fertilizers when applied to acid soils. Phosphorus uptake was not affected by soil pH, but for the mixtures containing the fertilizer residues the source having the lowest level of Fe and Al had a higher relative agronomic effectiveness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750467
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Critical level of DTPA extractable Zn for wheat in alkaline soils of semiarid region of Punjab, India (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 21 (1990), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Critical level of Zn ; alkaline soils ; Zn-deficiency ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Field experiments were conducted at 32 locations, chosen for their wide range in DTPA extractable Zn, to determine the critical deficiency level of Zn for predicting response of wheat to Zn application. Soil application of 5.6 kg Zn ha−1 significantly increased the grain yield in deficient soils. Soil extractable Zn was significantly related with per cent grain response and absolute grain yield. Both the graphical and statistical methods of Cate and Nelson indicated the critical level to be 0.75 mg kg−1 soil of DTPA extractable Zn. This level gave a predictability value of 82 per cent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01087426
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on the effectiveness of various sulfur fertilizers under controlled conditions (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 22 (1990), S. 147-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Sulfate ; elemental sulfur ; leaching ; ryegrass ; wheat ; greenhouse experiments ; split application
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Three factorial experiments with four replications were conducted in a greenhouse to examine the effectiveness of gypsum, elemental sulfur (ES powder) and three S containing N fertilizers, viz., ammonium sulfate (AS), urea + ES, and Ureas (20% AS and 80% urea). All experiments were conducted twice in different years. In the first experiment with uncropped soil, the effects of soil type, leaching rate (2.3 and 6.9 mm water per day) and urea addition on sulfate leaching losses were studied. Leaching losses decreased in the order Ureas 〉 ammonium sulfate (AS) 〉 gypsum ≫ urea + ES. Increasing the leaching rate greatly increased sulfate losses from both soils. Losses were greater in the sandy Typic Hapludoll than in the clayey Oxic Paleustalf. Sulfate adsorption was found to decrease strongly with rising the pH in both soils. Hydrolysis of urea temporarily raised the pH of the soil, thereby increasing the sulfate leaching losses. In the second experiment the effects of S rate (0–65 mg per kg soil), split application and leaching rate (0 and 2.3 mm per day) on sulfate leaching losses and ‘apparent S recovery’ (ASR) by three successive cuts of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were studied. Herbage yield more than doubled when S was applied. The effectiveness of the sulfate fertilizers was greater when S was split-applied than given all at once. With split applications the ASR decreased in the order: Ureas 〉 AS 〉 gypsum 〉 urea + ES 〉 ES powder. ES fertilizers were least effective, because the oxidation rate of ES to sulfate was clearly too slow. In the third experiment the effects of S rate (0–40 mg per kg soil) and split application on sulfate leaching losses and ASR in the grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied under leaching conditions (2.3 mm per day). Grain yield increased strongly due to S application. Split application greatly increased the effectiveness of the sulfate fertilizers and appeared to be an effective tool in satisfying the S need of the crop under leaching conditions. Again, ES fertilizers were least effective, because the oxidation rate of ES was too slow to meet the S demand of the crop. In all experiments leaching losses of sulfate from the ES fertilizers were smaller than from the sulfate fertilizers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01120390
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Placing superphosphate at different depths in the soil changes its effectiveness for wheat and lupin production (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 22 (1990), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Superphosphate ; placement depth ; banding ; relative effectivenesss ; lupins ; wheat ; field experiment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In a field experiment on a sandplain soil in a low rainfall (326mm per annum) Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia, seven levels of single superphosphate, 0, 7.5, 10, 14, 19.5, 30 and 39 kg P ha−1, were placed at either 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 or 13 cm depth before sowing wheat (Triticum aestivum) at 3 cm. In a separate treatment, superphosphate was drilled with the seed (the normal practice). In the second year, the plots were sown with lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) at 3 cm depth with no additional superphosphate. In three separate treatments, superphosphate at 0, 14 and 39 kg P ha−1, was drilled with the lupin seed (the normal practice) on plots that had received no superphosphate in the first year. Yields of wheat and lupins were used as a measure of the effectiveness of the superphosphate placement treatments relative to the effectiveness of superphosphate drilled with seed of wheat (year 1) or lupins (year 2), to give relative effectiveness (RE) values in each of the two years. In the first year the RE of superphosphate was increased by about 20% when the fertilizer was placed 5 to 9 cm deep in the soil. In the second year, the RE of superphosphate for producing lupin grain was increased by about 30–60% where the fertilizer had been placed 5–13 cm deep in the previous year compared with freshly drilled 3 cm deep. The yield of wheat or lupins was closely related to the P content of plant tissue; each relationship was independent of the depth or year of superphosphate application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01116183
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of level of nitrogen nutrition upon mineral content and removal in grasses and wheat (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 26 (1990), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Grass ; wheat ; nitrogen nutrition ; dilution curve ; mineral content ; mineral removal ; phosphorus ; potassium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The important effect of nitrogen in changing the patterns of mineral content and mineral removal is analysed for grass swards and wheat. Different models are proposed; accumulated dry matter developed throughout a growing period is shown to be an excellent reference for assessing the evolution of the plant mineral content and the mineral removal the growing crop. Applications in diagnosing mineral nutrition status and optimising fertilizer use are proposed and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048760
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wheat growth from phosphorus fertilizers as affected by time and method of application in soil with an acidic subsurface layer (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 39 (1994), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Acidic subsurface layer ; application rate ; North Carolina phosphate rock ; placement method ; time of application ; triple superphosphate ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Using soils with an acidic subsurface layer, three glasshouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of placement method and application rate of triple superphosphate (TSP) and North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) on dry matter (DM) yields. Time of application of NCPR on DM yield response of wheat was also studied. For Experiment 1, soil was collected in depth intervals of 0–2; 4–6; 6–8; and 8–10 cm from a red earth (chromic luvisol). The treatments included two P sources (TSP and NCPR), three placement methods (broadcast, banded or mixed into the subsurface layer, 6–8 cm), and six application rates. In this P deficient soil with an acidic subsurface layer, there was relatively little effect of application method of TSP on wheat yield responses. The maximum dry matter yield responses for broadcast, band and mix application methods was 30, 42 and 50 %, respectively. Responses to NCPR broadcast, band and mix methods were 20, 9 and 44 %, respectively. Mixing NCPR into to acidic subsurface layer produced yields similar to those from TSP although a higher application rate of P as NCPR was needed to achieve this outcome. Treatments for Experiments 2 and 3 were time of application of NCPR (0 and 30 days before sowing) and rate of application of NCPR (0 and 40 mg P/pot). In Experiment 2 (same soil as Experiment 1) application of NCPR prior to sowing, resulted in higher Colwell P concentration than when applied at sowing, but time of application had no effect on final DM yields. Experiment 3 used a red podzolic (chromic luvisol) soil which had a lower P-status, was more acid and had a lower exchangeable Ca2+ concentration than the red earth. Application of NCPR prior to sowing resulted in lower DM yield than when it was applied prior to sowing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750159
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of superphosphate and nitrogen on yield and take-all of wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 31 (1992), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Superphosphate ; nitrogen fertilizer ; take-all ; (Gaeumannomyces graminis) ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat was grown continuously in soil amended with 5 levels of superphosphate and with 4 levels of urea at 3 sites. The incidence and severity of take-all, caused byGaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici, declined with increasing rates of application of both superphosphate and urea. In both years, the severity of take-all on plants receiving neither superphosphate nor urea was about 40% while at the highest level of superphosphate and urea supply the take-all severity was approximately halved at 22%. There was an increase in grain yield in response to applied superphosphate and urea to the highest level of each nutrient. There was also an increase in the 1,000-kernal weights with superphosphate and urea fertilizer application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064226
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The phosphorus requirement of different crop species compared with wheat on lateritic soils (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Phosphorus requirement ; wheat ; oats ; barley ; lupins ; triticale ; superphosphate ; grain yield ; phosphorus in grain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The phosphorus (P) requirement for grain production of different crop species (oats (Avena sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), triticale (xTriticosecale), narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius), and sandplain lupins (L. cosentinii) was compared with wheat (Triticum aestivum) in five field experiments on different lateritic soils in south-western Australia. Seven or eight levels of superphosphate were applied at the start of each experiment. The amount of P required to produce 70% (four experiments) or 90% (one experiment) of the maximum yield was used to compare P requirements. Large differences in the P requirements of the species were obtained. On P deficient soil in 3 experiments, oats required from 50 to 70% less P than wheat, but required 40% more P on a soil with a long history of superphosphate applications. Compared with wheat, in the year of P application, barley required 50% less P in one experiment, had similar P requirements in two experiments, and required 80% more P in another experiment. In the years after P application, barley required 20% less P in two experiments. On an acidic soil triticale required from 50% to 70% less P than wheat, but on less acidic soil it required 100% more P. In the year of P application, narrow-leafed lupins required 800% more P than wheat in one experiment, and 30% more P in the other experiment. In the year of P application, sandplain lupins required 70% less P than wheat in one experiment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054391
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phosphorus effectiveness in fertilized soils evaluated by chemical solutions and residual value for wheat growth (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 185-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Residual P ; P fixation ; Bray P ; Olsen P ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Nineteen soils from the south east of the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) that had been fertilized with moderate amounts of P (10–40 kgP/ha) during the last 10 years were used to investigate the effect of time on the decline of P availability as measured by three soil tests (Bray 1, Bray 2, Olsen) and the null-point method. Differences in rates of P decline among soils and chemical methods were characterized by an exponential coefficient for time (b 2) in equations which describe the changes of the added P retained by the soil (Pr =ac b1 t b2). The rate of decline of P for the nineteen soils calculated for the soil test methods was ordered decreasingly as: null-point 〉 Olsen 〉 Bray 1 〉 Bray 2. The ability of the chemical methods for assessing the residual value of P for wheat growth (RV) was tested in a pot experiment on seven of the soils that differed in their individual rates of reaction with P. Differences between soils in the rate of reaction with P as measured in the laboratory by the null-point method and by the Olsen test were reflected in different residual values for P fertilizer for wheat plants. Thus the value ofb 2 for these methods was well correlated with the observed residual values. The soil properties commonly associated with the retention of P were not related to the value ofb 2 suggesting that more than one soil property may be involved in the measure ofb 2. The exponent for timeb 2 may be used as an index of the ability of the soil test to reflect the decline of P availability with time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048781
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The residual effectiveness of previously applied copper fertiliser for grain yield of wheat grown on soils of south-west Australia (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 39 (1994), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Copper fertiliser ; nitrogen fertiliser ; residual effectiveness ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The residual effectiveness of copper (Cu) applied 18 to 21 years previously was estimated for grain yield of wheat. In one field experiment, current levels of Cu fertiliser were applied and its effectiveness was compared to that of the same level of Cu applied previously. The effects of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on the Cu concentration in the youngest emerged blade and in the grain, as well as the effects of N levels on the grain yield of wheat, were also studied. Where the recommended level of Cu fertiliser had been applied previously, its residual effectiveness depended on the soil type. On the grey sands over clay and gravelly sands over clay, the residual Cu would last approximately 20 years where wheat is grown in rotation with a legume crop (Lupinus augustifolius L.) and where N fertiliser is applied at high levels (92 kg N ha−1). On the yellow brown sandy earths of the Newdegate district, the residual value was in excess of 30 years. When Cu levels in the soil are marginal, high levels of N applied to wheat crops grown on stubbles of legume crops (high soil N) could suffer from induce Cu deficiency which could reduce grain production. Critical concentrations of Cu in the youngest emerged blade of less than 1.2 mg Cu kg−1 at Gs50–59 would indicate Cu deficiency. Cu concentrations of less than 1.1–1.2 mg Cu kg−1 in the grain suggest that the wheat crop is marginally supplied with Cu. In both situations, Cu fertiliser needs to be applied before the next crop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750152
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Penicillium bilaji and phosphorus fertilization effects on the growth, development, yield and common root rot severity of spring wheat (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 39 (1994), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Cochliobolus sativus ; common root rot ; Penicillium bilaji ; phosphorus fertilization ; tillering ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A strain ofPenicillium bilaji Chalabuda (PB) has recently been commercially released as a seed inoculant to increase phosphorus (P) uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of drill applied P (15 kg P ha−1) with PB seed inoculation on early growth, development, P uptake, and grain yield of ‘Stoa’ spring wheat at four sites in North Dakota. Fertilization with P consistently enhanced early season growth, main stem development, tillering and P uptake. Seed inoculation with PB had little or no effect on these traits. Phosphorus fertilization tended to increase common root rot severity (CRR, incited byCochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib) Drechs.), while PB inoculation had no effect. Grain yields were significantly increased by P fertilization at one location. Inoculation with PB also increased grain yield at this location. The reason why PB inoculation increased yield at this location is not evident, as plant growth and P uptake were not enhanced earlier in the season. Averaged across all four sites, PB inoculation increased wheat yields 66 kg ha−1, which is similar to averaged yield responses reported from the Prairie Provinces of Canada.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750908
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of feeding cereal-legume diets to rats on in vitro absorption of45Ca (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 1016-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): In vitro absorption ; calcium ; wheat ; Bengal gram
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The in vitro absorption of calcium from the duodenum was significantly less in a group of rats fed on a wheat diet than in a group fed a wheat and Bengal gram (70∶30) diet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940659
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibitor of the oxidation of catechin released from the roots of corn seedlings (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 971-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; inhibitor of the oxidation of catechin ; root release
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary When the specific activities of the catechin oxidases (catechin as the substrate) which were released from the roots of the seedlings of alfalfa, tomato, wheat, lettuce and corn were compared, it was found that the oxidizing activity was absent from the root exudate of corn seedlings. A 6.3 kDa protein was purified from the root exudate of corn seedlings and in the presence of this protein, the oxidation of catechin was inhibited. This inhibitor is responsible for the inability of the root exudate of corn seedlings to oxidize catechin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01939391
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Observations on the subcellular distribution of the ammonium ion in maize root tissue using in-vivo 14N-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 183 (1991), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonium compartmentation ; Cytoplasm ; Vacuole ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We show that the pH dependence of the base-catalysed exchange rate of the ammonium ion provides a basis for discriminating between the cytoplasmic and vacuolar pools of ammonium in plant tissues. In vivo, 14N-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were recorded with and without 1H-decoupling and information on the subcellular distribution of NH 4 + was obtained from a lineshape analysis of the 1H-coupled spectrum. We applied this method to maize (Zea mays L.) root tissues and found that: (i), the cytoplasmic ammonium concentration was low, which was in accord with the large activity of glutamine synthetase present in the roots; and (ii), inhibition of glutamine synthetase with methionine sulphoximine increased the cytoplasmic ammonium concentration, and led to the appearance of ammonium in the xylem sap.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197734
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A segment of rye chromosome 1 enhances growth and embryogenesis of calli derived from immature embryos of wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 10 (1991), S. 148-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; rye ; embryogenesis ; growth ; tissue culture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The influence of the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1RS) from Secale cereale var. Imperial on the growth and differentiation of callus cultures from wheat Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring immature embryos was analysed. This chromosome arm was found to stimulate both embryogenesis and the rate of growth of calli. Recombinant lines carrying segments of 1RS were used to delineate the regions of 1RS responsible for the tissue culture effects. The enhancement of embryogenesis and the stimulation of growth were shown to be associated with two distinct genetic regions of the chromosome arm; the former is located between the centromere and the Sec 1 locus, while the latter is situated in the immediate vicinity of the Sec 1 locus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232047
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impact of low-temperature stress on general phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin pathways: Enhancement of transcript abundance and anthocyanin pigmentation in maize seedlings (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 194 (1994), S. 541-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Anthocyanin ; Cold stress ; mRNA ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Changes in anthocyanin content and transcript abundance for genes whose products function in general phenylpropanoid metabolism and the anthocyanin pathway were monitored in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings during short-term, low-temperature treatment. Anthocyanin and mRNA abundance in sheaths of maize seedlings increased with the severity and duration of cold. Anthocyanin accumulation was found in all tested lines that were genotypically capable of any anthocyanin production. Within 24 h of transferring 7-d maize (B37N) seedlings to 10° C, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (Pal) (EC 4.3.1.5)-homologous and chalcone synthase (C2) (EC 2.3.1.74) transcript levels increased at least 8- and 50-fold, respectively, and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4Cl) (EC 6.2.1.12)-homologous and chalcone isomerase (Chi) (EC 5.5.1.6)-homologous transcripts increased at least 3-fold over levels in unstressed plants. Time-course studies showed thatPal (EC 4.3.1.5) andC2-transcript levels remained relatively constant for the first 12 h of cold stress, dramatically increased over the next 12 h, and declined to pretreatment levels within 2 d of returning coldstressed seedlings to ambient (25° C) temperature. Transcripts4Cl (EC 6.2.1.12) andChi (EC 5.5.1.6) increased in abundance within 6 h of cold stress, exhibited no further increase over the next 36 h, and declined to pretreatment levels upon returning seedlings to 25° C. Transcripts homologous to two regulatory (R, C1) and three structural (A1,A2, andBz2) anthocyanin genes increased at least 7- to 10-fold during cold treatment, exhibiting similar kinetics of accumulation as forPal (EC 4.3.1.5) andC2 transcripts. Transcripts encoded byBz1, the anthocyanin structural gene for UDP:glucose-flavonol glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.91), were relatively abundant in control tissues and exhibited only a transient increase during the cold period. Our studies suggest that the genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway can be consideredcor (Cold-Regulation) genes, and because this pathway is well defined, it is an excellent subject for characterizing plant molecular responses to low temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714468
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electroporation and PEG delivery of DNA into maize microspores (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 11 (1992), S. 567-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Microspore ; Electroporation ; Transformation ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The ability to deliver and detect reporter gene activity in maize microspores was tested. Tested expression vectors contained the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene and one of the following promoter-intron combinations: 1) cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S), 2) CaMV 35S + maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 intron 6 (Adh1-I6), 3) maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 + intron 1 (Adh1-I1), or 4) maize ubiquitin 1 + intron 1 (Ubiq 1-I1) promoter + intron. The expression vectors were delivered into maize microspores using electroporation or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Both methods were effective for delivering free DNA into microspores. Although all four promoters were active in maize protoplasts, only two promoters were active in maize microspores. The CaMV 35S and the Adh1 promoters did not promote gene expression in maize microspore. The CaMV 35S + Adh1-I6 and Ubiq1-I1 promoters produced high levels of CAT activity in maize microspores.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233094
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of flower development in cultured ears of maize (Zea mays L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 3 (1990), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; Ear initials ; Kinetin ; Gibberellic acid ; Male and female flowers ; Development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Young ears of maize were cultured in two different liquid media containing either kinetin (KN) or kinetin + gibberellic acid (KN + GA3) in order to manipulate stamen and gynoecium development. In KN medium, stamens developed and gynoecia aborted in the flowers of the cultured immature ears. In the KN + GA3 medium, however, ovaries with silks developed and stamens aborted. These differential morphological events were recorded with SEM photomicrographs at regular intervals after excision of ear inflorescences. In addition, the mitotic activity in the developing or aborting organs was determined over a 75-h period. It increased from 6% to 14% in developing organs (i.e. stamens in KN medium, and gynoecia in KN + GA3 medium) and gradually decreased to 1% in the degenerating organs (i.e. gynoecia in KN medium, and stamens in KN + GA3 medium) by 45 h of culture. The mitotic activity reached zero in degenerating flower organs by 75 h of culture. Whether these differential sensitivities to the exogenously applied members of these two plant growth regulator classes are unique to our in vitro system or reflect a more general control feature of in vivo inflorescences must await further clarification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198854
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Micromanipulation and in vitro fertilization with single pollen grains of maize (1990)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 3 (1990), S. 160-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Pollen ; In vitro germination ; Microinjection ; In vitro fertilization ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The manipulation of single pollen grains of maize was studied. The effects of delivering substances both locally to the grain wall, tube or tip by a microcapillary and directly into the pollen grain by microinjection, and single grain pollination were investigated. Germination was induced by adding small amounts of water locally to the grains with either a microcapillary or with a waterdelivering emulsion without any other ingredients in the medium. The grains were overlayered by mineral or silicone oil so that tube growth proceeded without the grains bursting. There was no apparent penetration of high-molecular-weight substances (FITC-dextran, ethidium bromide labelled DNA) into the living grain either before or after pollination. Neither could the penetration of these substances be detected in both dry, viable and hydrated grains, tubes and tube tips, with or without treatment with Triton X-100 and dimethyl sulfoxide. By microinjection, however, the delivery of high-molecular-weight substances into grains was possible. Such injected grains successfully pollinated stigmas of cultured ear segments. Pollination with pore-injected grains was most efficient (mean 26%). No difference in fertilization rates between mass pollination (mean 41%) and single grain pollination (mean 39%) could be found. A mean fertilization rate of 29% could be obtained after microinjection. Seedlings developed 3 weeks after being pollinated by means of the in vitro pollination and fertilization method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205225
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cleavage polyembryony in maize (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 224-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; Maize ; Polyembryony
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Two types of cleavage polyembryony are described in the inbred line VIR 17 of maize. Suspensorial embryony was observed to occur spontaneously. Typical cleavage of the zygotic proembryo occurred spontaneously, but could also be induced by treating the developing caryopses with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the second day after pollination. 2,4-D was active as a decorelative factor also evoking the expression of totipotency in individual proembryonal cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189815
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro fertilization of single, isolated gametes of maize mediated by electrofusion (1991)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 4 (1991), S. 12-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): In vitro fertilization ; Egg cell ; Sperm cell ; Electrofusion ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Electrofusion-mediated in vitro fertilization of maize using single sperm and egg cells was performed. Sperm cells were released from pollen grains after rupture of the latter by osmotic shock in the fusion medium (0.55 M mannitol). Egg cells were isolated by enzyme treatment (pectinase, pectolyase, hemicellulase, and cellulase) followed by mechanical isolation. The conditions generally used for the electrical fusion of protoplasts of somatic cells were also applied to the protoplasts of gametic cells of maize. Electrofusion was performed with single pairs of gametes under microscopic observation. The mean fusion frequency was 79%. Isolated egg cells of maize showed protoplasmic streaming during 22 days of culture, but they did not divide. However, after fusion of the sperm with the egg cells, these fused cells did develop, with a mean division frequency of 83%, and grew to multicellular structures. Egg cells and fusion products were cultivated with a maize feeder-cell system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194565
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of pollen-tube growth in cultured maize silks (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; Maize ; Pollen-tube growth regulation ; In vitro pollination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In vitro pollen-tube growth in maize was studied using an in vitro pollination system. In the ‘cut-silk’ method, ovaries with silks were placed on medium in vitro, whereafter the silk was cut and the upper part of the silk was pollinated. Pollen tubes were not able to bridge the space between the two silk parts. Even when silk parts were tightly connected, pollen tubes still were not able to pass the cut ends and reach the lower silk part. Pollen-tube growth rates and the direction of tube growth were not influenced by the presence or absence of an ovary. Prepollination did not have any influence on pollen-tube growth rate. Measurements of pollen-tube growth rate also showed that there was no ‘population effect’, i.e. growth rate was not stimulated by pollination with an excess of pollen grains. We found that the direction in which maize pollen grew was determined only by the positioning of the silk hairs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189816
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RNA and protein synthesis in sperm cells isolated from Zea mays L. pollen (1993)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 6 (1993), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; Sperm cell ; Protein synthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Sperm cells are thought to be quiescent in pollen and activated upon pollen germination. To test this hypothesis, protein, RNA and DNA synthesis were assessed in Zea mays sperm cells at different times after isolation from pollen. Protein synthesis changed with time; while some proteins were found to be constitutive in both 0 and 24 h cells, others were synthesized and some disappeared. Overall, the number of proteins detected at 24 h doubled compared with freshly isolated cells. Incorporation of [3H]leucine in 24 h cells was about 50 times that in freshly isolated cells, and that of [5, 6-3H]uridine, about 7 times. Very low incorporation of [6-3H]thymidine into the cells was detected; there was no difference between freshly isolated and 24 h cells. It is possible that the differences in synthetic activity between freshly isolated and 24-h-old cells might correspond to sperm cell activation during pollen tube growth. If so, these metabolic changes may play an important role in fertilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231900
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Maturation of maize pollen in vitro (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 11 (1992), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; in vitro culture ; in vitro pollen ; pollen germination ; fertilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Maturation of maize pollen was obtained in male reproductive structures cultured in vitro. Immature tassels containing microspores at the mid-uninucleate to late-binucleate stage of development were excised and spikelets, anthers, and/or isolated microspores were cultured on a medium capable of supporting pollen maturation. Microspore mitosis, culminating in the production of starch-filled, trinucleate pollen capable of germination, was observed after 7–15 days, depending on the genotype and stage at which the cultures were initiated. Up to 100%, 70%, and 20% of the cultured spikelets, anthers, and isolated microspores, respectively, produced mature pollen, which germinated, however, at different frequencies (i.e., spikelets, 50–70%; anthers, 5–10%; microspores, 〈1%). Mature kernels were produced following fertilization with pollen from cultured spikelets and anthers. These procedures provide methods for the in vitro manipulation of a significant phase of the maize life cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236273
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Matrix-associated DNA from maize is enriched in repetitive sequences (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 11 (1992), S. 355-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; Matrix-associated ; DNA ; repetitive sequences ; DNA loops
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In order to elucidate some features of the topological organization of DNA within the plant nucleus, DNA fragments involved in the attachment of the DNA loops to the nuclear matrix in maize were studied. The matrix-associated DNA from dry embryo and meristematic cells after extensive digestion with DNase I and high salt treatment was about 2% of the total DNA, sized within the range of 50 and 250 bp. This DNA was found to be enriched in repetitive DNA sequences, both for nuclei from dry embryo and meristematic cells. The loop size of the DNA in cells of Zea mays appeared to be between 5 and 25 kbp.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233365
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors affecting in vitro maturation of isolated maize microspores (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 564-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; In vitro culture ; Isolated microspores ; Pollen development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary An in vitro method to simulate pollen development was developed in maize (Zea mays L.). Microspores at the late uninucleate to early binucleate stage were isolated and cultured under various conditions. Cell viability, starch content and the formation of the three nuclei as found in normal mature pollen were monitored during the course of the culture. Media composition was modified in order to promote starch accumulation and frequency of mitosis, while maintaining the viability of the microspores. Under the best conditions, up to 12% of the microspores matured in vitro into trinucleate, starch-filled viable pollen grains which were unable to germinate or produce seeds. At different stages during in vitro maturation, proteins patterns were analyzed and compared with their in vivo equivalent and the patterns were only partially similar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233061
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gene transfer to maize male reproductive structure by particle bombardment of tassel primordia (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 607-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Transient expression ; Particle bombardment ; Tassel primordia ; In vitro culture ; Anthers ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Maize (Zea mays L.) tassel primordia were used as a target for particle bombardment, to assess the possibility of introducing foreign DNA into male reproductive structures. Transient expression of the β-glucuronidase gene (GUS) or anthocyanin marker genes (C1 and B-Peru) driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was obtained in tassel primordia 24h after bombardment. Gold particles coated with DNA reached stamen primordia tissues, which eventually form the anthers and pollen. Bombarded tassels were also cultured in vitro and GUS activity was detected in the vascular tissue of mature anthers that developed within 4 weeks. This new approach represents a preliminary step toward pollen mediated transformation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232808
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ploidy variation of pronamide-treated maize calli during long term culture (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 648-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): chromosome doubling ; Zea mays ; tissue culture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Anther-derived calli of corn were treated with 10 μM pronamide for 2, 3 and 4 days. The ploidy level of the calli was then evaluated using flow cytometry, at different times after the treatment. Untreated haploid calli did not change in ploidy level for 97 days but by 466 days, there were up to 50% diploid or higher ploidy cells thus showing that spontaneous doubling may occur during corn calli subculture with this genotype. Pronamide treatment did increase the percentage of diploid and tetraploid cells and by 466 days, all of the lines showed an additional change toward higher ploidy levels. This change may be due to spontaneous chromosome doubling or to differential cell cycle times of cells with different ploidy levels. The ploidy level of plants regenerated from the cultures was determined by counting the guard cell chloroplast numbers and the correlation with the ploidy level of the cultures was r2=0.84. These studies show that pronamide treatments can increase haploid maize callus chromosome numbers and that spontaneous chromosome doubling can occur with time in maize callus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232817
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen and phosphorus use in maize sole cropping and maize/cowpea mixed cropping systems on an Alfisol in the northern Guinea Savanna of Ghana (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 10 (1991), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Vigna unguiculata ; Zea mays ; Nutrient competition ; Intercropping ; Nitrate depletion ; N2 fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The use of N and P by mixed and by sole cropping (crop rotation) of maize and cowpeas were compared in a field experiment on an Alfisol at the Nyankpala Agricultural Experiment Station in the northern Guinea Savanna of Ghana, using two levels of N (0 and 80 kg N ha-1 year-1 as urea) and P application (0 and 60 kg P ha-1 year-1 as Volta phosphate rock). Maize grain yields were significantly reduced in the mixed cropping system. This yield difference became smaller with the application of N and P fertilizer. The N and P concentrations in maize ear leaves at silking indicated that a deficiency in N and P contributed to the maize yield depression in mixed cropping. Competition for soil and fertilizer N between maize and cowpeas was suggested by: (1) A similarity in total N uptake between the two cropping systems; (2) efficient use of soil nitrate by the cowpeas; and (3) low N2 fixation by the cowpeas, calculated with the aid of an extended-difference method. In general, N2 fixation was low, with the highest values in the sole cropping (53 kg ha-1) and a substantial reduction in the mixed cropping system. The application of N fertilizer further reduced N2 fixation. This was substantiated by nodule counts. The lower N2 fixation in the mixed cropping system was only partly explained by the lower density of cowpeas in this system. In addition, dry spells during the cropping season and shading by the maize component could have reduced the nodulation efficiency. No N transfer from the legume/rhizobium to the non-legume crop was observed. Impaired P nutrition in the mixed compared with the sole-cropped maize might have been due to less P mobility in the soil. This was indicated by lower soil moisture contents in the topsoil under mixed cropping, especially during the dry year of 1986. The results show that mixed cropping of maize and cowpeas did not lead to improved use of soil and fertilizer N and P or to an enhanced N2 fixation. On the contrary, an annual rotation of maize and cowpeas was clearly superior.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337377
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field evaluation of N2 fixation and N partitioning in climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using 15N (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 13 (1992), S. 142-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): A value ; Common bean ; N remobilization ; Soil N balance ; Atom% 15N excess ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is generally regarded as a poor N2 fixer. This study assessed the sources of N (fertilizer, soil, and fixed N), N partitioning and mobilization, and soil N balance under field conditions in an indeterminate-type climbing bean (P. vulgaris L. cv. Cipro) at the vegetative, early pod-filling, and physiological maturity stages, using the A-value approach. This involved the application of 10 and 100 kg N ha-1 of 15N-labelled ammonium sulphate to the climbing bean and a reference crop, maize (Zea mays L.). At the late pod-filling stage (75 days after planting) the climbing bean had accumulated 119 kg N ha-1, 84% being derived from fixation, 16% from soil, and only 0.2% from the 15N fertilizer. N2 fixation was generally high at all stages of plant growth, but the maximum fixation (74% of the total N2 fixed) occurred during the interval between early (55 days after planting) and late podfilling. The N2 fixed between 55 and 75 days after planting bas a major source (88%) of the N demand of the developing pod, and only about 11% was contributed from the soil. There was essentially no mobilization of N from the shoots or roots for pod development. The cultivation of common bean cultivars that maintain a high N2-fixing capacity especially during pod filling, satisfying almost all the N needs of the developing pod and thus requiring little or no mobilization of N from the shoots for pod development, may lead to a net positive soil N balance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336269
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fitting plants to soil through mycorrhizal fungi: Mycorrhiza effects on plant growth and soil organic matter (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Helianthus annuus ; Mycorrhiza ; Soil organic matter ; VAM response ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi affect diverse aspects of plant form and function. Since mycorrhiza-mediated changes in host-plant responses to root colonization by different VAM fungi vary widely, it is important to assess each endophyte for each specific effect it can elicit from its host as part of the screening process for effectiveness. Three species of VAM fungi and a mixture of species were compared with non-VAM controls for their effects on soil organic matter contents and on nutrition and morphology in two varieties (native and hybrid) of corn (Zea mays L.) and one of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in P-sufficient and N-deficient soil in pot cultures. Differences in soil organic matter due to the fungal applications were highly significant with all host plants. Native corn responded more to VAM colonization than the hybrid did; differences in treatments were significant in leaf area, plant biomass, and root: shoot ratio in the former, but not in the latter. Responses in the sunflower were similar to those in the native corn. Significant VAM treatment-related differences in shoot N and P contents were not reflected in shoot biomass, which was invariant. Correlations between plant or soil parameters and the intensity of VAM colonization were found only in soil organic matter with the native corn, in specific leaf area in the hybrid corn, and in plant biomass in the sunflower. The presence of the different endophytes and not the intensity of colonization apparently elicited different host responses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336426
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fitting plants to soil through mycorrhizal fungi: plant nutrition in host-endophyte combinations evaluated by the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 96-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): DRIS ; Helianthus annus ; Plant nutrition ; VAM ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi improve plant growth in marginal soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of three species of VAM fungi on plant nutrition in two cultivars of corn (Zea mays L.) and one of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Plants were grown in pot cultures under controlled (greenhouse) conditions in a soil high in K, Mg, and P, and low in Ca and N, and were supplied with amounts of VAM-fungal inocula in which equal numbers of infective propagules had previously been determined. Analysis of variance showed highly significant main effects and interactions due to both factors (plant and fungus) for N, P, Ca, and Mg. For K, only plant effects were significant (P〈0.043). The uptake of nutrients was selectively enhanced or inhibited by one or the other VAM fungus relative to non-VAM control plants. In sunflower, N concentration was markedly enhanced (73%) by the mixed inoculum of the three fungi, even though individual effects were not significant. Evaluation of leaf nutrient analyses by the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) revealed the utility of this system to rank nutritional effects by VAM fungi in an order of relative nutrient deficiency. The DRIS therefore is seen as a useful tool in evaluating and selecting VAM fungi for the alleviation of specific nutrient disorders.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336425
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mineralization of nitrogen in fertilizer-acidified lime-amended soils (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): N fertilizer requirement ; Nitrification ; Zea mays ; N mineralization ; Lime ; Soil pH ; Nitrate-N
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The application of NH inf4 su+ -based fertilizers to soils slowly lowers soil pH, which in turn decreases nitrification rates. Under these conditions nitrification and N mineralization may be reduced. We therefore investigated the impact of liming fertilizer-acidified soils on nitrification and N mineralization. Soil samples were collected in the spring of 1987 from a field experiment, initiated in 1980, investigating N, tillage, and residue management under continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The pH values (CaCl2) in the surface soil originally ranged from 6.0 to 6.5. After 6 years the N fertilizer and tillage treatments had reduced the soil pH to values that ranged between 3.7 and 6.2. Incubation treatments included two liming rates (unlimed or SMP-determined lime requirement), two 15N-labeled fertilizer rates (0 or 20 g N m-2), and three replicates. Field-moist soil was mixed with lime and packed by original depth into columns. Labeled-15N ammonium sulfate in solution was surface-applied and columns were leached with 1.5 pore volumes of deionized water every 7 days over a 70-day period. Nitrification occurred in all pH treatments, suggesting that a ferilizer-acidified soil must contain a low-pH tolerant nitrifier population. Liming increased soil pH values (CaCl2) from 3.7 to 6.2, and increased by 10% (1.5 g N m-2) the amount of soil-derived NO3 --N that moved through the columns. This increase was the result of enhanced movement of soil-derived NO3 --N through the columns during the first 14 days of incubation. After the initial 14-day period, the limed and unlimed treatments had similar amounts of soil N leaching through the soil columns. Lime increased the nitrification rates and stimulated the early movement of fertilizer-derived NO3 --N through the soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337208
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ammonium-excreting Azospirillum sp. become intracellularly established in maize (Zea mays) para-nodules (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonium excretion ; Azospirillum brasilense ; Auxine ; 2,4-Dichlor-phenoxy-acetic acid ; Nitrogen fixation ; Paranodulation ; Maize ; Zea mays ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Maize seedlings develop nodule-like tumour knots (para-nodules) along primary roots when treated with the auxin 2,4-dichlor-phenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D). Inoculated NH 4 + -excreting Azospirillum brasilense cells were shown to colonize these tumours, mostly intracellularly, promoting a high level of N2 fixation when microaerophilic conditions were imposed. The nitrogenase activity inside the para-nodules was less sensitive to free O2 than in non-para-nodulating roots. Both light and electron microscopy showed a dense bacterial population inside intact tumour cells, with the major part of the cell infection along a central tumour tissue. The bacteria colonized the cytoplasm with a close attachment to inner cell membranes. In an auxin-free growth medium, young 2,4-D-induced para-nodules grew further to become mature differentiated root organs in which introduced bacteria survived with a stable population. These results provide evidence that gramineous plants are potentially able to create a symbiosis with diazotrophic bacteria in which the NH 4 + -excreting symbiont will colonize para-nodule tissue intracellularly, thus becoming well protected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418663
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Maize genotypes classified as null at theglu locus have β-glucosidase activity and immunoreactive protein (1990)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 28 (1990), S. 319-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; Gramineae ; β-glucosidase ; null allelism ; immunoblotting ; electrophoresis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Maize β-glucosidase (β-d-glucoside glucohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.21) was extracted from coleoptiles of 15 maize genotypes (3 normals, 10 nulls, and 2 hybrids) in two fractions, the soluble and the insoluble. The enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically in the soluble fraction and also studied on zymograms after native gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was purified from a normal genotype by anion-exchange chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. Antisera were raised in four rabbits, and the soluble and the insoluble extracts of each genotype were analyzed for a cross-reacting material by ELISA and immunoblotting. The results showed that extracts from both the normal and the null genotypes had β-glucosidase activity, and the activity measured spectrophotometrically was 2- to 10-fold higher in normals than in nulls. Zymograms of the null genotypes were devoid of distinct bands that were present in those of normals and hybrids from crosses between normals and nulls. Zymograms of both the normal and the null genotypes had a diffuse, smeared zone of activity at the cathodic end of native gels. A cross-reacting antigen was present in extracts of both genotypes when assayed by ELISA and a 60-kD polypeptide (β-glucosidase monomer) was detected by four different monospecific β-glucosidase antisera on Western blots by immunostaining. Moreover, six of seven null genotypes had a larger amount of their 60-kD polypeptide in the insoluble fraction than in the soluble fraction. These data show that both the null and the normal genotypes have similar amounts of the enzyme protein, but the enzyme occurs mostly as insoluble or poorly soluble polymers in nulls, and the monogenic inheritance reported for the null alleles of theglu locus is likely to be for a factor encoded by another locus which affects directly or indirectly the solubility of the enzyme by increasing its polymerization into large quaternary structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02401422
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelochemicals in soil from no-tillage versus conventional-tillage wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2277-2289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelochemicals ; no-tillage ; conventional-tillage ; soils ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; mass spectrometry ; Petri-dish bioassay ; fatty acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Putative allelochemicals found in the soil of no-tillage and conventional-tillage wheat plots near Stillwater, Oklahoma, were obtained by a mild alkaline aqueous extraction procedure, bioassayed to determine their biological activity, purified, and analyzed with a capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-data analysis system. The most significant inhibition was found in bioassays of extracts from soil collected immediately after harvest in June, July, and August. No-tillage soils produced significant inhibition during the rest of the year also. Mass spectrometry showed fatty acids as the most abundant compounds. However, when bioassayed authentic samples of the five free fatty acids showed no significant biological activity toward wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026937
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Roles of amino acids, protein, and fiber in leaf-feeding resistance of corn to the fall armyworm (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1977-1995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; corn ; Zea mays ; plant-insect interaction ; amino acids ; herbivory ; feeding resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The free amino acids have been shown by isolational work and choice bioassays to be more important than all other factors evaluated in defining leaf-feeding resistance of corn (Zea mays L.) to fall armyworm (FAW) [(Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith)] larvae. 6-MBOA (6-methoxybenzoxazolinone) and maysin, toxins present in corn, were shown not to be significant factors for leaf-feeding resistance to first-instar FAW larvae because of their low concentrations in the whorl. Amino acid analysis showed that while the ratios of the essential amino acids in susceptible (S) and resistant (R) lines were similar, there were differences in the nonessential amino acids, particularly aspartic acid, which was higher in R lines. Also, the ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids was important, being too low in expressed whorl leaf juice (obtained from V8–V10 growth stage plants) to support larval growth, although juice was stimulatory in choice tests. The total protein content of whorls in S lines was about 15% higher than in R lines, but the significance of this difference is uncertain, because nutritional tests showed that larval growth increased with total protein only up to 12% protein. Sugars were only slightly stimulatory. Thus, the amino acids along with higher hemicellulose content of R lines, established by us earlier, appear to explain much of the basis of resistance in corn to larval leaf-feeding of the FAW.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020510
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelopathic activity in wheat-conventional and wheat-no-till soils: Development of soil extract bioassays (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2191-2221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Cover crops ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; soybean ; Glycine max ; soil extracts ; germination bioassays ; phenolic acids ; hydroxamic acids ; allelopathy ; slope analysis ; ivy-leaved morning glory ; Ipomoea hederacea ; crimson clover ; Trifolium incarnalum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The primary objective of this research was to determine if soil extracts could be used directly in bioassays for the detection of allelopathic activity. Here we describe: (1) a way to estimate levels of allelopathic compounds in soil; (2) how pH, solute potential, and/or ion content of extracts may modify the action of allelopathic compounds on germination and radicle and hypocotyl length of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ivyleaved morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea L. Jacquin.); and (3) how biological activity of soil extracts may be determined. A water-autoclave extraction procedure was chosen over the immediate-water and 5-hr EDTA extraction procedures, because the autoclave procedure was effective in extracting solution and reversibly bound ferulic acid as well as phenolic acids from wheat debris. The resulting soil extracts were used directly in germination bioassays. A mixture of phenolic acids similar to that obtained from wheat-no-till soils did not affect germination of clover or morning glory and radicle and hypocotyl length of morning glory. The mixture did, however, reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of clover. Individual phenolic acids also did not inhibit germination, but did reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of both species. 6-MBOA (6-methoxy-2,3-benzoxazolinone), a conversion product of 2-o-glucosyl-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, a hydroxamic acid in living wheat plants, inhibited germination and radicle and hypocotyl length of clover and morning glory. 6-MBOA, however, was not detected in wheat debris, stubble, or soil extracts. Total phenolic acids (FC) in extracts were determined with Folin and Ciocalteu's phenol reagent. Levels of FC in wheat-conventionaltill soil extracts were not related to germination or radicle and hypocotyl length of either species. Levels of FC in wheat-no-till soil extracts were also not related to germination of clover or morning glory, but were inversely related to radicle and hypocotyl length of clover and morning glory. FC values, solute potential, and acidity of wheat-no-till soil extracts appeared to be independent (additive) in action on clover radicle and hypocotyl length. Radicle and hypocotyl length of clover was inversely related to increasing FC and solute potential and directly related to decreasing acidity. Biological activity of extracts was determined best from slopes of radicle and hypocotyl length obtained from bioassays of extract dilutions. Thus, data derived from the water-autoclave extraction procedure, FC analysis, and slope analysis for extract activity in conjunction with data on extract pH and solute potential can be used to estimate allelopathic activity of wheat-no-till soils
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984946
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Odors influence choice of oviposition sites byDiabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1227-1237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Western corn rootworm ; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; bacteria ; carbon dioxide ; pheromone ; semiochemicals ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract FemaleDiabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte were allowed to choose between oviposition substrates that were and those that were not associated with potential sources of semiochemicals. Females deposited over five times more eggs on moist towelettes that were treated with homogenates of female abdomens than on towelettes treated with distilled water. Similar results were obtained when screening separated the homogenates from the towelettes, indicating that odors alone could elicit the response. In contrast, females did not choose towelettes that had previously been used for oviposition or towelettes containing eggs over unused towelettes. Further tests with homogenates of abdomens and a bacteriostatic agent (sorbate) indicated that the females were probably responding to bacterial odors rather than an oviposition-enhancing pheromone. Four strains of bacteria were isolated from a homogenate of female abdomens; females deposited 4 to 16 times more eggs on substrates with odors of the bacteria than on substrates with odors of uninoculated nutrient agar. In no-choice tests, bacterial odors did not increase the number of eggs deposited per female beetle; however, in choice tests with dishes that tended to retain any beetles that entered, there were more eggs per female (but not more beetles) after 24 hr in dishes with bacterial odors than in those without the odors. Females also chose dishes with odors of excised maize (Zea mays L.) roots or elevated levels of carbon dioxide over “control” dishes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980076
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Maize genotypes classified as null at theglu locus have β-glucosidase activity and immunoreactive protein (1990)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 28 (1990), S. 319-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; Gramineae ; β-glucosidase ; null allelism ; immunoblotting ; electrophoresis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Maize β-glucosidase (β-d-glucoside glucohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.21) was extracted from coleoptiles of 15 maize genotypes (3 normals, 10 nulls, and 2 hybrids) in two fractions, the soluble and the insoluble. The enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically in the soluble fraction and also studied on zymograms after native gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was purified from a normal genotype by anion-exchange chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. Antisera were raised in four rabbits, and the soluble and the insoluble extracts of each genotype were analyzed for a cross-reacting material by ELISA and immunoblotting. The results showed that extracts from both the normal and the null genotypes had β-glucosidase activity, and the activity measured spectrophotometrically was 2- to 10-fold higher in normals than in nulls. Zymograms of the null genotypes were devoid of distinct bands that were present in those of normals and hybrids from crosses between normals and nulls. Zymograms of both the normal and the null genotypes had a diffuse, smeared zone of activity at the cathodic end of native gels. A cross-reacting antigen was present in extracts of both genotypes when assayed by ELISA and a 60-kD polypeptide (β-glucosidase monomer) was detected by four different monospecific β-glucosidase antisera on Western blots by immunostaining. Moreover, six of seven null genotypes had a larger amount of their 60-kD polypeptide in the insoluble fraction than in the soluble fraction. These data show that both the null and the normal genotypes have similar amounts of the enzyme protein, but the enzyme occurs mostly as insoluble or poorly soluble polymers in nulls, and the monogenic inheritance reported for the null alleles of theglu locus is likely to be for a factor encoded by another locus which affects directly or indirectly the solubility of the enzyme by increasing its polymerization into large quaternary structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554063
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA coding for the barley seed protein CMa: an inhibitor of insect α-amylase (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare L. ; CM protein ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The primary structure of the insect α-amylase inhibitor CMa of barley seeds was deduced from a full-length cDNA clone pc43F6. Analysis of RNA from barley endosperm shows high levels 15 and 20 days after flowering. The cDNA predicts an amino acid sequence of 119 residues preceded by a signal peptide of 25 amino acids. Ala and Leu account for 55% of the signal peptide. CMa is 60–85% identical with α-amylase inhibitors of wheat, but shows less than 50% identity to trypsin inhibitors of barley and wheat. The 10 Cys residues are located in identical positions compared to the cereal inhibitor family with a Pro-X-Cys motif present in all.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034972
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleotide sequence of maize chloroplast rpl32: completing the apparent set of plastid ribosomal protein genes and their tentative operon organization (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 21 (1993), S. 543-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chloroplast genome ; operon organization ; ribosomal protein ; rpl32 ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract By sequencing the rpl32 gene, we have characterized the apparent complete set of the RP genes in Zea mays plastid genome. Key data for these 21 genes (total of 26 gene copies) and the proteins encoded by them are presented, and the operon organization is discussed on the basis of available transcription data. A nomenclature for the inferred 13 operons is suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028811
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mutational analysis of the ‘conserved region’ of maize streak virus suggests its involvement in replication (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 19 (1992), S. 601-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): geminivirus ; agroinfection ; Zea mays ; large intergenic region (LIR)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Maize streak virus as well as other geminiviruses contain a potential hairpin structure with the conserved sequence TAATATTAC in the loop. We assessed the possible involvement of this structure in replication and symptom induction of the virus. A series of insertion and deletion mutants were analyzed by agroinfection. Deletion of the hairpin or insertions in the conserved sequence abolished symptom development. Viral DNA could not be detected in the infected tissue. However, a mutant with a point mutation in the ‘conserved’ sequence, isolated after inoculation of maize plants with an insertion mutant, was able to replicate and to induce symptoms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026786
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential expression of six glutamine synthetase genes in Zea mays (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene-specific probes ; glutamine synthetase ; transcript accumulation ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The maize genome has been shown to contain six glutamine synthetase (GS) genes with at least four different expression patterns. Noncoding 3′ gene-specific probes were constructed from all six GS cDNA clones and used to examine transcript levels in selected organs by RNA gel blot hybridization experiments. The transcript of the single putative chloroplastic GS2 gene was found to accumulate primarily in green tissues, whereas the transcripts of the five putative GS1 genes were shown to accumulate preferentially in roots. The specific patterns of transcript accumulation were quite distinct for the five GS1 genes, with the exception of two closely related genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029015
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular cloning of two different cDNAs for maize acetyl CoA carboxylase (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 35-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): acetyl CoA carboxylase ; cDNA Cloning ; herbicide ; nucleotide sequence ; purification ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Acetyl CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) in plants is a chloroplast-localized, biotin-containing enzyme that catalyses the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA, the first committed step of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Acetyl CoA carboxylase is the target site for the monocotyledon-specific aryloxy-phenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione groups of herbicides. We have purifed a herbicide-sensitive acetyl CoA carboxylase from maize leaves to homogeneity (specific activity 7 μmol min-1 mg-1), separating it during the purification from a minor herbicide-resistant acetyl CoA carboxylase. The purified enzyme is a dimer of 230 kDa subunits. Antibodies raised to the purified acetyl CoA carboxylase detected three cross-reacting clones in a maize leaf cDNA expression library, each having an insert of 4–4.5 kb. Restriction analysis and sequencing showed that the cDNAs were derived from two different transcripts. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences with those of chicken and yeast acetyl CoA carboxylases confirmed that both types encoded acetyl CoA carboxylase, corresponding to the C-terminal half of the enzyme. The overall identity of the maize and chicken sequences was 37% (58% similarity) but for some shorter regions was much higher. Analysis of six other acetyl CoA carboxylase clones recovered from the maize cDNA library showed four belonged to one type and two to the other. The nucleotide sequence similarity between the two types of cDNA was approximately 95% in the coding region but considerably less in the 3′-untranslated region. Northern blot analysis of maize RNA showed a single band of 8.2–8.5 kb for acetyl CoA carboxylase mRNA. Southern blot hybridisations indicated that there are probably no more than two genes in maize for acetyl CoA carboxylase. The possible significance of two different cDNAs for acetyl CoA carboxylase is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040572
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Homologues of wheat ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes - TaUBC1 and TaUBC4 are encoded by small multigene families in Arabidopsis thaliana (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 651-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): protein degradation ; ubiquitin conjugating enzymes ; DNA repair ; N-end recognition ; wheat ; Arabidopsis thaliana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other cellular proteins has been implicated in a multitude of diverse physiological processes in eukaryotes including selective protein degradation. This attachment is carried out by a multi-enzyme pathway consisting of three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s). E2s accept activated ubiquitin from E1 and conjugate it to target proteins with or without the participation of specific E3s. Previously, we have isolated wheat cDNAs encoding 16 and 23 kDa E2s, TaUBC1 and TaUBC4, respectively. TaUBC1 shows structural homology to the yeast RAD6 E2 that is essential for DNA repair whereas TaUBC4 is related to the yeast ScUBC8 E2, both of which effectively conjugate ubiquitin to histones in vitro but as yet are without a known in vivo function. Here, we report the isolation of genomic and cDNA homologues of these genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, both of these E2s are encoded by three member gene families. Members of the AtUBC1 gene family, comprising AtUBC1, 2 and 3, encode 150–152 amino acid proteins that are 83–99% identical to each other and TaUBC1 and contain four introns that are conserved with respect to position. Members of the AtUBC4 gene family, comprising AtUBC4, 5 and 6, encode 187–191 amino acid proteins that are 73–88% identical to each other and TaUBC4 and contain five introns that are conserved with respect to position. In contrast, AtUBC1-3 gene products are only 31–36% identical to those derived from AtUBC4-6. mRNA for each family was detected in Arabidopsis roots, leaves, stems, and flowers indicating that members of each family are expressed in most if not all tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023561
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular analysis of wild-type and mutant alleles at the Opaque-2 regulatory locus of maize reveals different mutations and types of O2 products (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 949-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Opaque-2 and opaque-2 genes ; allelic diversity ; Opaque-2 proteins ; transcriptional activator ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The expression of the various members of the zein multigene family in maize endosperm is controlled by different regulatory loci. One of these loci, Opaque-2, coding for a bZIP transcriptional factor, controls the expression of a subset of zein genes. Analysis of genomic DNA from plants carrying wild-type (O2) or mutant o2 alleles shows specific DNA restriction patterns that correlate with transcript types and their various gene products. Northern and western analyses show the presence in different wild types of a 1.7 kb transcript coding for different sizes of normal O2 proteins that migrate as doublets in the 68–72 kDa range. Among the various o2 mutants analysed we showed the occurrence of various null-transcript alleles, the presence of alleles with a normal size transcript which, however, produce a different-sized o2 protein, and a mutant producing both a normal size transcript and a longer transcript, but generating only a single o2 product migrating around 40 kDa. Analysis of other mutations (o7, fl2) known to affect zien polypeptide synthesis shows no interference of these mutations in the expression of the O2 gene products. The overall results indicate the occurrence of micro heterogeneity in the O2 wild-type genes and a broad spectrum of o2 mutations, both producing different sizes of O2 or o2 proteins. A nomenclature of the O2 and o2 genes based on the RFLP, transcripts and products of the various alleles is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014448
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of the cytosolic hsp70 gene family inZea mays (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 909-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): heat shock 70 kDa protein ; multigene family ; polymerase chain reaction ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In this study we have analysed the multigene family coding for the cytoplasmic heat shock 70 kDa proteins (hsp70) inZea mays. Fully degenerate primers were used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify selected regions of the hsp70 genes. Sequence and Southern blot analysis reveals that at least three highly conserved genes exist in maize. In addition, amplification reveals the presence of a conserved intron in all genes examined. Expression analysis shows that the hsp70 genes studied represent members of the inducible and constitutive families. The results obtained may indicate that there are subfamilies of cytoplasmic hsp70 genes expressed in higher plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028885
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An mRNA that specifically accumulates in maize roots delineates a novel subset of developing cortical cells (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 821-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): cortex ; developmental regulation ; in situ hybridization ; organ-specific gene expression ; roots ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A near full-length cDNA clone (pZRP3) corresponding to an mRNA that accumulates specifically in roots of maize was isolated. The ZRP3 mRNA is ca. 600 nucleotides in length. The amino acid sequence of the predicted polypeptide is rich in leucine (16%), proline (11%), and cysteine (8.5%). The zrp3 gene appears to be expressed exclusively in roots, whereas other ZRP3-related genes are expressed in additional organs of the maize plant. In situ hybridization shows that ZRP3 mRNA accumulation is largely confined to the cells of the cortical ground meristem. Furthermore, accumulation of this mRNA occurs within a distinct subset of cortical cells, the inner three to four cell layers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027153
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of the gibberellin-responsive promoter of a cathepsin B-like gene from wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 849-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): GA regulation ; thiol-protease promoter ; wheat ; aleurone ; particle gun
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A wheat gene (A121) encoding a protein with sequence similarity to mammalian cathepsin B is regulated by gibberellic acid (GA) in aleurone layers of germinating grains. To analyse the mechanism of A121 regulation, its promoter was fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) and introduced by micro-projectile bombardment into aleurone layers of oat. With 2.3 kb of promoter sequence, the GUS expression was enhanced by GA treatment. This effect was reversed by abscisic acid (ABA). This result showed for A121, like the α-amylase genes, that the regulation by GA and ABA was at the level of transcription. The GA responsiveness of the promoter was retained with as little as 276 bp of promoter sequence. Sequence comparison with a GA responsive promoter of an α-amylase gene identified the conserved element GCAACGGCAACGATGG which is required intact for full expression of both promoters. However, there was no identifiable similarity in the cathepsin-like promoter with the GA-responsive element of α-amylase promoters with the consensus sequence TAACAAA, suggesting that GA affects more than one mechanism of transcriptional control.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027156
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sequence analysis of WIS-2-1A, a retrotransposon-like element from wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 991-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): retrotransposon-like element ; sequence analysis ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract WIS-2-1A, a 8624 bp insertion in the Glu-1A-2 locus of chromosome 1A of wheat, consists of two 1755 bp long terminal repeats enclosing a 5114 bp internal region. No long open reading frames could be found, but inspection of the predicted amino acid sequence showed regions with homology to retrotransposon structures, including a methionine tRNA initiator binding site, a nucleotide binding domain, a protease, an integrase and a polymerase. DNA replication errors have resulted in frame-shifts in the protein coding region, suggesting that retrotransposition of WIS-2-1A, if it occurs, must be mediated by trans-acting factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027169
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A DNA polymerase from maize axes: its purification and possible role (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 1159-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): DNA polymerase ; germination ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three different DNA polymerase activities can be resolved by passing a protein extract from 24 h imbibed maize axes through DEAE-cellulose. These activities have been numbered 1, 2 and 3, according to their elution order. One of them, DNA polymerase 2, elutes at 100–120 mM phosphates. This enzyme was further purified by passing it through Heparin-Sepharose, Sephacryl S-300 and DNA cellulose. Purification was nearly 5000-fold. The enzyme needs Mg2+, is stimulated by K+, has an optimum pH of 7.0 and its optimum temperature is 30–37 °C. Specific inhibitors for different types of polymerases, such as aphidicolin, dideoxythymidine triphosphate and N-ethyl maleimide, gave intermediate values of inhibition, making impossible the definition of the type of enzyme purified by its inhibitory pattern. SDS-PAGE indicated the presence of several bands of molecular masses of 28–40, 56 and 15 kDa. Most of these bands could be visualized when proteins from crude extracts were analyzed by western blot, using an antibody against calf thymus DNA polymerase α. A high molecular mass (around 500 kDa) was calculated by western blot of native gels using the same antibody. Finally, specific activity of this enzyme increased 100-fold during maize germination whereas polymerase 3 virtually did not increase. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation experiments with the antipolymerase α-antibody showed a decrease in DNA polymerase activity by 70%. The possibility that polymerase 2 is a replicative enzyme is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028902
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Single-seed PCR of LMW glutenin genes to distinguish between durum wheat cultivars with good and poor technological properties (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 22 (1993), S. 1173-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): polymerase chain reaction ; LMW glutenin genes ; wheat ; quality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin sequences from genomic DNA extracted from a single germinating seed of several durum wheat genotypes. Electrophoretic analysis of PCR reactions showed the presence of amplified products characteristic of durum wheat cultivars with good and poor technological properties. This PCR-based approach is proposed as a very efficient and safe alternative to standard procedures for selecting durum wheat genotypes with good qualitative characteristics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028988
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterization of pollen-specific maize genes with sequence homology to ragweed allergens and pectate lyases (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 1061-1065 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): allergens ; gene expression ; microsporogenesis ; pectate lyase ; pollen ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA clone (Zm58.1) was isolated by differential screening from a cDNA library made to mature Zea mays pollen, and shown to be pollen-specific by RNA blot analysis. When this partial-length clone was used to probe a genomic library, a similar but distinct pollen-specific genomic clone (68% sequence identity) was isolated (Zm58.2). The putative proteins coded for by these two clones show sequence homology to several flower-expressed gene products from various plant species, including known pollen allergens from short ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and to pectate lyases from the plant pathogenic bacteria Erwinia spp. The two genes map to different chromosomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021820
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of mutation-induced changes in the maize (Zea mays L.) ADH1-1S1108 alcohol dehydrogenase (1993)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 31 (1993), S. 497-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): alcohol dehydrogenase ; maize ; Zea mays ; mutation ; cDNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The homodimeric alcohol dehydrogenase gene product of maize (Zea mays L.)Adh1-1S1108 mutation was purified and compared with the parentalAdh1-1S enzyme. The mutant alcohol dehydrogenase activity had pH optima and substrate specificity similar to those of the parental enzyme, but exhibited somewhat increased and decreasedK mvalues for acetaldehyde and NADH, respectively. The mutant enzyme was also markedly less stable than the enzyme from parental tissues to temperatures as low as 50°C. Sequence analysis of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated cDNA clone revealed a G-to-C mutation at position 406 and a C-to-T mutation at position 974. These would result in residue 103 of each protein subunit being changed from an alanine to a proline and residue 292 being changed from an alanine to a valine. Whether one or both of these changes in primary sequence is responsible for the altered substrate affinities and stability is not yet understood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554076
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of mutation-induced changes in the maize (Zea mays L.) ADH1-1S1108 alcohol dehydrogenase (1993)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 31 (1993), S. 497-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): alcohol dehydrogenase ; maize ; Zea mays ; mutation ; cDNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The homodimeric alcohol dehydrogenase gene product of maize (Zea mays L.)Adh1-1S1108 mutation was purified and compared with the parentalAdh1-1S enzyme. The mutant alcohol dehydrogenase activity had pH optima and substrate specificity similar to those of the parental enzyme, but exhibited somewhat increased and decreasedK mvalues for acetaldehyde and NADH, respectively. The mutant enzyme was also markedly less stable than the enzyme from parental tissues to temperatures as low as 50°C. Sequence analysis of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated cDNA clone revealed a G-to-C mutation at position 406 and a C-to-T mutation at position 974. These would result in residue 103 of each protein subunit being changed from an alanine to a proline and residue 292 being changed from an alanine to a valine. Whether one or both of these changes in primary sequence is responsible for the altered substrate affinities and stability is not yet understood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426881
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The amino acid sequence of a protein from wheat kernel closely related to proteins involved in the mechanisms of plant defence (1993)
    Springer
    The protein journal 12 (1993), S. 379-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Schlagwort(e): Amino acid sequence ; wheat ; wounding ; plant defence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The amino acid sequence of wheatwin1, a monomeric protein of 125 residues isolated from wheat kernel (variety S. Pastore), is reported. Wheatwin1 is highly homologous (95%) to barwin, a protein from barley seed, which was shown to be related to the C-terminal domain of two proteins encoded by the wound-induced geneswin1 andwin2 in potato and to a protein encoded by the same domain of the hevein gene (hev1) in rubber tree. Similarly to barwin, wheatwin1 contains six cysteine residues all linked in disulfide bridges and the N-terminal residue is pyroglutamate. Moreover, structural studies performed on wheatwin1 andwin1 protein by predictive methods demonstrated that these proteins and barwin are closely related in the secondary structure also. The high level of homology found with the product ofwin1,win2, andhev1 genes strongly suggests that barwin and wheatwin1 play a common role in the mechanism of plant defence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025037
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro processing of transcripts containing novel tRNA-like sequences (‘t-elements’) encoded by wheat mitochondrial DNA (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 15 (1990), S. 551-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): tRNA-like sequences ; t-elements ; RNA processing ; mitochondria ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have recently described the properties of a wheat mitochondrial extract that is able to process, accurately and efficiently, artificial transcripts containing wheat mitochondrial tRNA sequences, with the production of mature tRNAs (P.J. Hanic-Joyce and M.W. Gray, J. Biol. Chem., in press). Such processing involves 5′-endonucleolytic, 3′-endonucleolytic, and TRNA nucleotidyltransferase activities. Here we show that this system also acts on transcripts containing sequences corresponding to an unusual class of short repeats (‘t-elements’) in wheat mtDNA. These repeats are theoretically capable of assuming a tRNA-like secondary structure, although stable transcripts corresponding to them are not detectable in vivo. We find that t-element sequences are processed with the same specificity and with comparable efficiency as are authentic tRNA sequences. Because known t-elements are located close to and in the same transcriptional orientation as active genes (18S-5S, 26S, tRNAPro) in wheat mtDNA, our results raise the question of whether t-elements play a role in gene expression in wheat mitochondria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017830
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A maize gene expressed during embryogenesis is abscisic acid-inducible and highly conserved (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 919-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; maize ; embryogenesis ; abscisic acid ; seed maturation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have isolated by differential hybridization a cDNA, termed Emb564, which is complementary to an 800 nt embryo-specific transcript in Zea mays. The expression of Emb564 can be enhanced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and the effect of ABA on the accumulation of Emb564 transcript appears to be confined to embryos at the early and mid embryonic stages. In addition, Emb564 is expressed at low levels in ABA-deficient but not in ABA non-responsive embryos. Genomic analysis suggested that the Emb564 mRNA is encoded by a single gene. Sequence analysis showed that Emb564 exhibits extensive similarities with several known ABA-inducible genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015086
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of members of a pseudogene subfamily of the wheat α-gliadin storage protein genes (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 335-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum ; wheat ; endosperm ; gliadin ; pseudogene ; duplication ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020565
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wheat ubiquitin gene exhibits a conserved protein coding region and a diverged 3′ non-coding region (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 907-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): ubiquitin ; wheat ; heat shock protein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015082
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Site-directed mutagenesis and expression inEscherichia coli of WMAI-1, a wheat monomeric inhibitor of insect α-amylase (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 1005-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): α-amylase inhibitor ; expression inE. coli ; glycosylation versus activity ; insect α-amylase ; mutagenesis ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The wheat monomeric inhibitor WMAI-1 (syn. 0.28) produced inEscherichia coli using the pT7-7 expression ventor has the correct N-terminal sequence and the same electrophoretic mobility and specific activity towards the α-amylase from the insectTenebrio molitor as the native WMAI-1 isolated from wheat. This confirms that the native inhibitor is not glycosylated and contradicts claims that a putative glycosyl moiety was essential for inhibition. Thirteen mutants have been obtained at six different sites. Substitution of the highly conserved N-terminal S by the sequence ARIRAR increased the pre-incubation time required for maximum activity. A similar result was obtained by insertion of GPRLPW after position 4, while insertion of EPRAPW at the same position rendered the inhibitor inactive. The substitution D/EGPRL and insertions DGP or D, at position 58, produced complete inactivation. All other mutations had only minor effects on activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037140
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Triticum aestivum cDNA clone encoding a low-molecular-weight heat shock protein (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 273-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Tahsp17.3 ; low-molecular-weight HSP ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039504
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stress responses in maize: Sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding glycine-rich proteins (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 847-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): cDNA ; nucleotide sequence ; glycine-rich proteins ; chemical stress ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020034
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unusual sequence of group 3 LEA (II) mRNA inducible by dehydration stress in wheat (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 21 (1993), S. 907-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): abscisic acid ; dehydration ; LEA ; water stress ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA clone, pMA1949, detects two mRNA species in wheat seedling tissue that are late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) and dehydration stress-inducible. Sequence analysis of the pMA1949 clone shows it to be a 991 bp partial cDNA encoding a polypeptide of 317 amino acids with homology to two group 3 LEA proteins, carrot (DC8) and a soybean protein encoded by pGmPM2 cDNA. Molecular analysis of the deduced protein reveals a 33 kDa acidic and extremely hydrophilic protein with potential amphiphilic α-helical regions. In addition, the protein contains eleven similar, contiguous repeats of 11 amino acids, which are separated by 118 amino acids from two additional and unique repeats of 36 residues each at the carboxyl end of the protein. Comparisons of sequences of reported group 3 LEA proteins revealed that there are two types, separable by sequence similarity of the 11 amino acid repeating motifs and by the presence or absence of a certain amino acid stretch at the carboxyl terminus. Based on resuls from these comparisons, we propose a second type of group 3 LEA proteins, called group 3 LEA (II).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027121
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DNA sequence and transcript analysis of transposon MuA2, a regulator of Mutator transposable element activity in maize (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 21 (1993), S. 1181-1185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; Mutator ; controlling element ; genomic DNA sequence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The 4942 bp DNA sequence of Zea mays transposon MuA2 was determined. Previous evidence indicated MuA2 controls activity of the Mu1 transposon located in the mutable allele a1-mum2. MuA2 contains two large, ATG-initiated open reading frames (ORFs) of 612 and 232 codons, respectively, located on opposite strands. MuA2 produces two transcripts, each containing one of these ORFs. Four different tandem direct repeat sequences are located downstream of the 612 codon ORF. The restriction map of MuA2 is identical to that of transposon MuR1, which also is known to regulate mutability of a1-mum2. Furthermore, except for a single nucleotide, MuA2 is identical to the Mutator element Mu9.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023614
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wheat acetyl-CoA carboxylase (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 22 (1993), S. 547-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): acetyl-CoA carboxylase ; chloroplast ; haloxyfop ; herbicide ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The acetyl-CoA carboxylase present in both wheat germ and total wheat leaf protein contains ca. 220 kDa subunits. It is the major biotin-dependent carboxylase present in wheat chloroplasts. Active acetyl-CoA carboxylase purified from wheat germ is a homodimer with an apparent molecular mass of ca. 500 kDa. The enzyme from wheat germ or from wheat chloroplasts is sensitive to the herbicide haloxyfop at micromolar levels. The incorporation of 14C-acetate into fatty acids in freshly cut wheat seedling leaves provides a convenient in vivo assay for both acetyl-CoA carboxylase and haloxyfop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015984
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purification and characterization of (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucan endohydrolases from germinated wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 22 (1993), S. 847-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): amino acid sequence ; cDNA ; germination ; (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucanases ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase [(1→3, 1→4)-β-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.73] was purified to homogeneity from extracts of germinated wheat grain. The enzyme, which was identified as an endohydrolase on the basis of oligosaccharide products released from a (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucan substrate, has an apparent pI of 8.2 and an apparent molecular mass of 30 kDa. Western blot analyses with specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that the enzyme is related to (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucanase isoenzyme EI from barley. The complete primary structure of the wheat (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucanase has been deduced from nucleotide sequence analysis of cDNAs isolated from a library prepared using poly(A)+ RNA from gibberellic acid-treated wheat aleurone layers. One cDNA, designated λLW2, is 1426 nucleotide pairs in length and encodes a 306 amino acid enzyme, together with a NH2-terminal signal peptide of 28 amino acid residues. The mature polypeptide encoded by this cDNA has a molecular mass of 32085 and a predicted pI of 8.1. The other cDNA, designated λLW1, carries a 109 nucleotide pair sequence at its 5′ end that is characteristic of plant introns and therefore appears to have been synthesized from an incompletely processed mRNA. Comparison of the coding and 3′-untranslated regions of the two cDNAs reveals 31 nucleotide substitutions, but none of these result in amino acid substitutions. Thus, the cDNAs encode enzymes with identical primary structures, but their corresponding mRNAs may have originated from homeologous chromosomes in the hexaploid wheat genome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027370
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and analysis of a cDNA clone encoding the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from wheat (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 23-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; cDNA clone ; ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase ; small-subunit ; starch
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A full-length cDNA clone from hexaploid bread wheat, encoding the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, has been isolated from an endosperm cDNA library. The cDNA insert has an open reading frame which encodes a protein of 473 amino acids (52.1 kDa). The presence of a chloroplast/amyloplast transit peptide of 22 amino acids is proposed. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits a high degree of homology with the small subunit ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase proteins from rice (with 90% of identical amino acids) and potato (with 86% of identical amino acids) and contains conserved sequence elements which are thought to represent the substrate binding and allosteric activator sites. The genes are organised as single-copy loci on chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D in the wheat genome and are highly expressed during grain development. Homologous transcripts are expressed in leaves and roots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021416
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multiple ocs-like elements required for efficient transcription of the mannopine synthase gene of T-DNA in maize protoplasts (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 219-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): promoter ; electroporation ; protoplasts ; transient assay ; Agrobacterium ; Ti plasmid ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Regulatory elements controlling transcriptional activity of the mannopine synthase 2′ promoter (mas 2′) were defined by analysis of deletion mutants in transient expression assays in maize protoplasts. Deletion of the region between −305 and −290 containing sequence similarity to the octopine synthase (ocs) promoter element reduced activity by 67% compared to wild type activity. Less than 1% of the activity remained in 5′ deletions downstream of −153. Inclusion of various heterologous enhancer-like sequences immediately upstream of position −325 increased activity by up to 7.5-fold. Insertion of the −325 to −275 sequence alone, or in combination with heterologous enhancer-like elements, restored activity of some of the 5′-deletion mutants. Restoration of activity was not obtained with mutants deleted past position −127. Our results suggest that a single class of nuclear proteins from maize interact with high affinity at elements designated mas b (−306 to −275; mas 1′ element), d (−127 to −108), and e (−82 to −39; mas 2′ element) as well as the 20 bp element from the ocs promoter. Although the binding site at mas d only appears to accommodate a single protein, this element has the potential to make a weak, but positive, contribution to the activity of the mas 2′ promoter. The binding of nuclear proteins could not be demonstrated at mas a and c, both of which showed limited homology to the ocs element. Mutational evidence suggested that mas a and c may also contribute to mas 2′ transcription.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014490
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of a cytochrome P450 homologue preferentially expressed in developing inflorescences ofZea mays (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 343-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): cytochrome P450 ; flower development ; meristem-specific gene ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four cDNA clones exhibiting preferential hybridization to transcripts present in developing maize tassels were isolated by differential screening. One of these cDNA clones hybridizes to transcripts detectable only in the shoot apex. The abundance of this transcript is significantly higher in developing inflorescence apices than in vegetative apices. DNA sequence analysis of a 2107 nucleotide cDNA clone corresponding to this transcript revealed that the transcript encodes a polypeptide of 547 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 58.4 kDa. This polypeptide shares significant sequence similarity with members of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene superfamily, including the conserved C-terminal domains typical of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043864
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability of the maize chromosomal high-mobility-group proteins, HMGa and HMGb,in vivo (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 565-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chromatin ; high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins ; protein stability ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Chromosomal non-histone high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins represent essential components of eukaryotic chromatin and have also been isolated from a variety of plants. In maize, studies on structure and function of the two larger of the four major HMG proteins have recently been performed and are now extended by analysis of theirin vivo stability using pulse-chase experiments in a cell suspension culture. The half-life of the analyzed HMGa and HMGb proteins was found to be 65 h or more than 78 h, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043885
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Large tandem duplication associated with aMu2 insertion inZea mays B-Peru gene (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 817-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): B-Peru ; germinal revertants ; Mutator ; tandem duplication ; unequal recombination ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Theb locus ofZea mays encodes a transcriptional activator of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. TheB-Peru allele is expressed in the aleurone layer of the seed, which results in dark purple pigmentation of this tissue. An unstableMutator-inducedB-Peru mutant allele,b-Perum220, displays weak, variable pigment and a high germinal reversion rate not characteristic of otherMutator insertions. Characterization of relevant regions ofb-Perum220 revealed aMu2 element insertion in one copy of a 534 bp sequence. This 534 bp sequence is tandemly triplicated in the progenitorB-Peru allele, upstream of theB-Peru transcription start site. In addition to theMu2 insertion, theb-Perum220 allele contains a newly formed large tandem duplication of 4.0 kb, which includes the promoter region and the first three exons of theB-Peru gene. TheMu2 element does not reside at any of the duplication breakpoints. The molecular study of eleven independent germinal revertants revealed five structural classes including structures in which the 4.0 kb tandem duplication is partially or completely deleted, theMu2 element is partially or completely deleted, or a combination of these events has occurred. We hypothesize that most of the revertants arose by unequal recombination between the duplicated regions. Based on these structural analyses, models are discussed to explain the reducedb gene expression inb-Perum220.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028876
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a maize root transcript expressed in the primary response to nitrate: characterization of a cDNA with homology to ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 679-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): primary response ; ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase ; nitrate ; cycloheximide ; Zea mays ; roots
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract To more fully understand the biochemical and molecular events which occur in plants exposed to nitrate, cDNAs whose accumulation was enhanced in nitrate- and cycloheximide-treated maize (Zea mays L. W64A × W182E) roots were isolated. The 340 bp Zmrprn 1 (for Zea mays root primary response to nitrate) cDNA also hybridized with a probe enriched for nitrate-induced sequences, and was characterized further. Sequence analysis of a near full-length cDNA (Zmrprn 1A) showed strong homology (〉90% amino acid identity) with a root ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) of rice, and 45–50% amino acid identity with leaf FNR genes. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the Zmrprn 1A cDNA produced a protein with NADPH: ferricyanide reductase activity, consistent with the enzymatic properties of an FNR. The Zmrprn 1 cDNA hybridized with a 1.4 kb transcript which was expressed in the maize root primary response to nitrate. That is, mRNA levels in roots increased rapidly and transiently in response to external nitrate, and low levels of nitrate (10 μM) induced transcript accumulation. The accumulation of the Zmrprn 1 transcript was not prevented by cycloheximide, indicating that the cellular factor(s) required for expression were constitutively present in maize roots. The Zmrprn 1 mRNA accumulated specifically in response to nitrate, since neither K+ nor NH4 + treatment of roots caused transcript accumulation. Maize leaves had about 5% of the transcript level found in roots, indicating a strong preference for expression of Zmrprn 1 in roots. Analysis of maize genomic DNA indicated the presence of only a single gene or very small gene family for the Zmrprn 1. Together, the data indicate that Zmrprn 1A encodes a nitrate regulated maize root FNR.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013753
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Root- and shoot-specific responses of individual glutamine synthetase genes of maize to nitrate and ammonium (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 1935-1946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): glutamine synthetase genes ; regulation ; nitrate ; ammonium ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The responses of the five cytosolic-type glutamine synthetase (GS1) genes of maize to treatment of hydroponically grown seedlings with 10 mM KNO3 or 10 mM NH4Cl were analyzed. Non-coding 3′ gene-specific hybridization probes and radioanalytic imaging were used to quantitate individual gene transcript levels in excised roots and shoots before treatment and at selected times after treatment. Genes GS1−1 and GS1−2 exhibited distinct organ-specific responses to treatment with either nitrogen source. The GS1−1 transcript level increased over three-fold in roots, but changed little if any in shoots. In contrast, the GS1−2 transcript level increased over two-fold in shoots, but decreased in roots after treatment. Increased transcript levels were evident at 4 h after treatment with either nitrogen source, with maximum accumulations present at 8 h after treatment with ammonium and at 10–12 h after treatment with nitrate. The GS1−3 gene transcript level showed little or no change after treatment with either nitrogen source. The GS1−4 gene transcript level remained constant in shoots of treated seedlings, whereas in roots, it exhibited relatively minor, but complex responses to these two nitrogen sources. The GS1−5 gene transcript is present in very small amounts in seedlings, making it difficult to analyze its response to metabolites in young plants. These results provide support for the possibility that different cytosolic GS genes of maize play distinct roles in nitrogen metabolism during plant growth and differentiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019504
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The amino acid sequence and reactive site of a single-headed trypsin inhibitor from wheat endosperm (1994)
    Springer
    The protein journal 13 (1994), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Schlagwort(e): Trypsin inhibitor ; wheat ; primary structure ; reactive site ; Bowman-Birk
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The sequence of a trypsin inhibitor, isolated from wheat endosperm, is reported. The primary structure was obtained by automatic sequence analysis of the S-alkylated protein and of purified peptides derived from chemical cleavage by cyanogen bromide and digestion withStaphylococcus aureus V8 protease. This protein, named wheat trypsin inhibitor (WTI), which is comprised of a total of 71 amino acid residues, has 12 cysteines, all involved in disulfide bridges. The primary site of interaction (reactive site) with bovine trypsin has been identified as the dipeptide arginyl-methionyl at positions 19 and 20. WTI has a high degree of sequence identity with a number of serine proteinase inhibitors isolated from both cereal and leguminous plants. On the basis of the findings presented, this protein has been classified as a single-headed trypsin inhibitor of Bowman-Birk type.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01891977
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloning of cDNA and chromosomal location of genes encoding the three types of subunits of the wheat tetrameric inhibitor of insect α-amylase (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 845-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): α-amylase tetrameric inhibitor ; cDNA cloning ; genetic mapping ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have characterized three cDNA clones corresponding to proteins CM1, CM3 and CM16, which represent the three types of subunits of the wheat tetrameric inhibitor of insect α-amylases. The deduced amino acid sequences of the mature polypeptides are homologous to those of the dimeric and monomeric α-amylase inhibitors and of the trypsin inhibitors. The mature polypeptides are preceded by typical signal peptides. Southern blot analysis of appropriate aneuploids, using the cloned cDNAs as probes, has revealed the location of genes for subunits of the CM3 and of the CM16 type within a few kb of each other in chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D, and those for the CM1 type of subunit in chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D. Known subunits of the tetrameric inhibitor corresponding to genes from the B and D genomes have been previously characterized. No proteins of this class have been found to be encoded by the A genome in hexaploid wheat (genomes AA, BB, DD) or in diploid wheats (AA) and no anti α-amylase activity has been detected in the latter, so that the A-genome genes must be either silent (pseudogenes) or expressed at a much lower level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016517
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding a pathogen-induced putative peroxidase of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 329-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): pathogen-induced ; peroxidase ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We report here the complete amino acid sequence of a pathogen-induced putative peroxidase from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as deduced from cDNA clones representing mRNA from leaves infected with the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis. The protein consists of 312 amino acids, of which the first 22 form a putative signal sequence, and has a calculated pI of 5.7. Sequence comparison revealed that the putative wheat peroxidase is most similar to the turnip (Brassica rapa) peroxidase, with which it shares 57% identical and 13% conserved amino acids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020563
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sequence and tissue-specific expression of a putative peroxidase gene from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): peroxidase gene ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have used a cDNA clone encoding a pathogen-induced putative wheat peroxidase to screen a genomic libary of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Cheyenne) and isolated one positive clone, lambda POX1. Sequence analysis revealed that this clone contains a gene encoding a putative peroxidase with a calculated pI of 8.1 which exhibits 58% and 83% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of the turnip (Brassica rapa) peroxidase and a pathogen-induced putative wheat peroxidase, respectively. The two introns in the wheat gene are at the same positions as introns in the peroxidase genes of tomato and horseradish. Results of S1-mapping experiments suggest that this gene is neither pathogen-nor wound-induced in leaves but is constitutively expressed in roots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017928
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleotide sequence of a region of maize chloroplast DNA containing the 3′ end of clpP, exon 1 of rps12 and rpl20 and their cotranscription (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 415-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): ribosomal protein ; rps12 ; rpl20 ; clpP ; chloroplast genome ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034970
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding a Group 3 LEA mRNA inducible by ABA or dehydration stress in wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 1073-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): abscisic acid ; dehydration ; LEA ; water stress ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA clone (pMA2005) of a Group 3 LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) protein has been sequenced from wheat. The wheat cDNA clone codes for a protein with ten tandem repeats of an 11 amino acid sequence and has homology to other Group 3 LEAs reported in barley, carrot, cotton and rape (L. Dure et al., Plant Mol Biol 12: 475–486, 1989). The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that the wheat protein has a molecular weight of 23 000 and is a basic, hydrophilic protein. Northern analysis with the cDNA clone shows that dehydration of wheat shoot tissue results in increased transcript levels that correlate with increases in endogenous ABA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016078
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrate reductase transcript is expressed in the primary response of maize to environmental nitrate (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): cycloheximide ; leaf ; nitrate induction ; nitrate reductase transcript ; root ; scutellum ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The nitrate induction of NADH:nitrate reductase mRNA in maize roots, scutella and leaves was investigated in the presence and absence of inhibitors of protein synthesis. In the absence of inhibitors, nitrate treatment caused a fairly rapid (2 to 3 h) increase in the level of the nitrate reductase transcript in all tissues. When cytoplasmic protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, nitrate reductase mRNA was induced by nitrate in all tissues to levels equal to or greater than those found with nitrate treatment alone. Treatment of maize tissues with cycloheximide in the absence of nitrate had only a small effect on the accumulation of the nitrate reductase mRNA. Inhibition of organellar protein synthesis with chloramphenicol also had little or no effect on nitrate-induced nitrate reductase mRNA accumuiation in roots and scutella, but did appear to partially inhibit appearance of transcript in leaves. Excision of scutella in the absence of nitrate was sufficient to cause some accumulation of the nitrate reductase transcript. Since cytoplasmic protein synthesis was not required for expression of nitrate reductase transcripts, induction of these transcripts by nitrate is a primary response of maize to this environmental signal. Thus, it appears that the signal transduction system mediating this response is constitutively expressed in roots, scutella and leaves of maize.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018456
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