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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and other soil microorganisms on growth, mineral nutrient acquisition and root exudation of soil-grown maize plants (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1995), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Glomus mosseae ; Zea mays ; Mineral uptake ; Root exudation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Alize) plants were grown in a calcareous soil in pots divided by 30-μm nylon nets into three compartments, the central one for root growth and the outer ones for hyphal growth. Sterle soil was inoculated with either (1) rhizosphere microorganisms other than vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, (2) rhizosphere microorganisms together with a VAM fungus [Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappel], or (3) with a gamma-irradiated inoculum as control. Plants were grown under controlled-climate conditions and harvested after 3 or 6 weeks. VAM plants had higher shoot∶root ratios than non-VAM plants. After 6 weeks, the concentrations of P, Zn and Cu in roots and shoots had significantly increased with VAM colonization, whereas Mn concentrations had significantly decreased. Root exudates were collected on agar sheets placed on the interface between root and hyphal compartments. Six-week-old VAM and non-VAM plants had similar root exudate compositions of 72–73% reducing sugars, 17–18% phenolics, 7% organic acids and 3% amino acids. In another experiment in which root exudates were collected on agar sheets with or without antibiotics, the amounts of amino acids and carbohydrates recovered were similar in VAM and non-VAM plants. However, threeto sixfold higher amounts of carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were recovered when antibiotics were added to the agar sheets. Thus, the high microbial activity in the rhizosphere and on the rhizoplane limits the exudates recovered from roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and other soil microorganisms on growth, mineral nutrient acquisition and root exudation of soil-grown maize plants (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1995), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Glomus mosseae ; Zea mays ; Mineral uptake ; Root exudation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Alize) plants were grown in a calcareous soil in pots divided by 30-μm nylon nets into three compartments, the central one for root growth and the outer ones for hyphal growth. Sterile soil was inoculated with either (1) rhizosphere microorganisms other than vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, (2) rhizosphere microorganisms together with a VAM fungus [Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappel], or (3) with a gamma-irradiated inoculum as control. Plants were grown under controlled-climate conditions and harvested after 3 or 6 weeks. VAM plants had higher shoot : root ratios than non-VAM plants. After 6 weeks, the concentrations of P, Zn and Cu in roots and shoots had significantly increased with VAM colonization, whereas Mn concentrations had significantly decreased. Root exudates were collected on agar sheets placed on the interface between root and hyphal compartments. Six-week-old VAM and non-VAM plants had similar root exudate compositions of 72–73% reducing sugars, 17–18% phenolics, 7% organic acids and 3% amino acids. In another experiment in which root exudates were collected on agar sheets with or without antibiotics, the amounts of amino acids and carbohydrates recovered were similar in VAM and non-VAM plants. However, three- to sixfold higher amounts of carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were recovered when antibiotics were added to the agar sheets. Thus, the high microbial activity in the rhizosphere and on the rhizoplane limits the exudates recovered from roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050079
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese reduction in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal maize (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Glomus mosseae ; Manganese uptake ; Root exudation ; Manganese reduction ; Mycorrhizal effect ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of rhizosphere microorganisms and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza on manganese (Mn) uptake in maize (Zea mays L. cv. Tau) plants was studied in pot experiments under controlled environmental conditions. The plants were grown for 7 weeks in sterilized calcareous soil in pots having separate compartments for growth of roots and of VA mycorrhizal fungal hyphae. The soil was left either uninoculated (control) or prior to planting was inoculated with rhizosphere microorganisms only (MO-VA) or with rhizosphere microorganisms together with a VA mycorrhizal fungus [Glomus mosseae (Nicol and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe] (MO+VA). Mycorrhiza treatment did not affect shoot dry weight, but root dry weight was slightly inhibited in the MO+VA and MO-VA treatments compared with the uninoculated control. Concentrations of Mn in shoots decreased in the order MO-VA 〉 MO+VA 〉 control. In the rhizosphere soil, the total microbial population was higher in mycorrhizal (MO+VA) than nonmycorrhizal (MO-VA) treatments, but the proportion of Mn-reducing microbial populations was fivefold higher in the nonmycorrhizal treatment, suggesting substantial qualitative changes in rhizosphere microbial populations upon root infection with the mycorrhizal fungi. The most important microbial group taking part in the reduction of Mn was fluorescent Pseudomonas. Mycorrhizal treatment decreased not only the number of Mn reducers but also the release of Mn-solubilizing root exudates, which were collected by percolation from maize plants cultivated in plastic tubes filled with gravel quartz sand. Compared with mycorrhizal plants, the root exudates of nonmycorrhizal plants had two fold higher capacity for reduction of Mn. Therefore, changes in both rhizosphere microbial population and root exudation are probably responsible for the lower acquisition of Mn in mycorrhizal plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202343
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese reduction in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal maize (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Glomus mosseae ; Manganese uptake ; Root exudation ; Manganese reduction ; Mycorrhizal effect ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of rhizosphere microorganisms and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza on manganese (Mn) uptake in maize (Zea mays L. cv. Tau) plants was studied in pot experiments under controlled environmental conditions. The plants were grown for 7 weeks in sterilized calcareous soil in pots having separate compartments for growth of roots and of VA mycorrhizal fungal hyphae. The soil was left either uninoculated (control) or prior to planting was inoculated with rhizosphere microorganisms only (MO-VA) or with rhizosphere microorganisms together with a VA mycorrhizal fungus [Glomus mosseae (Nicol and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe] (MO+VA). Mycorrhiza treatment did not affect shoot dry weight, but root dry weight was slightly inhibited in the MO+VA and MO-VA treatments compared with the uninoculated control. Concentrations of Mn in shoots decreased in the order MO-VA〉MO+VA〉control. In the rhizosphere soil, the total microbial population was higher in mycorrhizal (MO+VA) than nonmycorrhizal (MO-VA) treatments, but the proportion of Mn-reducing microbial populations was fivefold higher in the nonmycorrhizal treatment, suggesting substantial qualitative changes in rhizosphere microbial populations upon root infection with the mycorrhizal fungi. The most important microbial group taking part in the reduction of Mn was fluorescent Pseudomonas. Mycorrhizal treatment decreased not only the number of Mn reducers but also the release of Mn-solubilizing root exudates, which were collected by percolation from maize plants cultivated in plastic tubes filled with gravel quartz sand. Compared with mycorrhizal plants, the root exudates of nonmycorrhizal plants had two fold higher capacity for reduction of Mn. Therefore, changes in both rhizosphere microbial population and root exudation are probably responsible for the lower acquisition of Mn in mycorrhizal plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050048
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic and inorganic soil phosphates and acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of 80-year-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] trees (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 128-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Organic phosphates ; Rhizosphere ; Mycorrhizal roots ; Acid phosphatase ; Picea abies (L.) Karst. ; Norway spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inorganic and organic phosphates (P) were measured in bulk soil, rhizosphere soil and mycorrhizal rhizoplane soil of Norway spruce. Various methods of P extraction and estimation were compared. In addition, acid phosphatase activity and mycelial hyphae length were determined. In soil solutions from various locations, about 50% (range 35%–65%) of the total P was present as organic P. Compared to the bulk soil, the concentrations of readily hydrolysable organic P were lower in the rhizosphere soil and in the rhizoplane soil; this difference was particularly marked in the humus layer. In contrast, the concentrations of inorganic P either remained unaffected or increased. A 2- to 2.5-fold increase was found in the activity of acid phosphatase in the rhizoplane soil in comparison to the bulk soil. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.83***) between phosphatase activity and the length of mycelial hyphae. The results stress the role of organic P and of acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere in the P uptake by mycorrhizal roots of spruce trees grown on acid soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257756
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short- and long-term effects of crop residues and of phosphorus fertilization on pearl millet yield on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 36 (1994), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Crop residue ; Pearl millet ; Pennisetum ; Phosphorus ; Root growth ; West Africa
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(94)90060-4
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnesium deficiency enhances resistance to paraquat toxicity in bean leaves (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Effects of deficient (20mmol m−3) and sufficient (1000 mmol m−3) magnesium (Mg) supply and of varied light intensity (100 μmol m−2 s−1 to 580 μmol m−2 s−1) on paraquat-dependent chlorophyll destruction in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants grown in nutrient solution were studied over a 12-d period using leaf discs or intact primary leaves. Treatment of leaf discs with 10mmol m 3 paraquat for 15h caused severe chlorophyll loss, especially with increasing light intensity. This chlorophyll destruction by paraquat was very much higher in Mg-sufficient than Mg-deficient leaves. The occurrence of paraquat resistance in Mg deficient leaves was already apparent after 6d growth in nutrient solution, i.e. before any decrease in chlorophyll or growth by Mg deficiency was evident. Also, following foliar application of paraquat (10–140 mmol m−3) to intact plants, Mg-deficient plants were much more resistant to paraquat, even following longer exposure duration (72 h) and four to 14 times higher paraquat concentrations than those received by Mg sufficient plants. From experiments where exogenous scavengers of superoxide radical (O2.-), hydroxyl radical (OH·) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were applied to leaf discs, it appears that O2.-, and partly, OH· are the main O2 species which contribute to chlorophyll destruction by paraquat. The results demonstrate that Mg-deficient bean plants become highly resistant to O2.--mediated and light-induced paraquat injury. The mode of this paraquat resistance is attributed to well-known stimulative effects of Mg deficiency on O2.- and H2O2 scavenging enzymes and antioxidants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01028.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translocation of carrier-free ^8^5Sr applied to the foliage of woody plants
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Radiation Botany 7 (1967), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0033-7560
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-7560(67)80002-4
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and hyphosphere of VA mycorrhizal wheat supplied with inorganic and organic phosphorus
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26 (1994), S. 387-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-0717
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90288-7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron nutrition of cucumber and maize: Effect of Pseudomonas putida YC 3 and its siderophore
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26 (1994), S. 1023-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-0717
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90117-1
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