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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,626)
  • 1975-1979  (2,626)
  • 1976  (2,626)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 5-9 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation into the influence of sulfide and sulfate ions on the corrosion of iron in alcaline solutionThe corrosion behaviour of Armco iron as well as that of a technical high-strength steel was investigated in sulphide - and sulphate-containing electrolytes of pH ∼ 12.6.Current density - potential curves show that iron, after successful passivation, remains passive and protected against corrosion in a solution saturated with CaS, CaSO4 and Ca(OH)2 at potentials up to 800 mV(EH).Passivation experiments conducted by changing from the active region to various anodic potentials yielded a critical potential region around 300 mV(EH), above which corrosion appeared. Up to EH = 200 mV complete passivation was observed.The same critical potential region was observed in experiments of repassivation after mechanical damaging of a protective passive layer.Additional tensile stresses of 85%· σ0,2 caused no stress corrosion cracking at a potential of 500 mV(EH). After damaging the passive layer, through scratching of the stressed wires fracture occured at and above potentials of 300 mV(EH). At 200 mV(EH) repassivation was observed even under tensile load. In a sulphate-free Na2S/Ca(OH)2 solution of the same sulphide ion concentration no stress corrosion cracking of the samples occured at any potential up to 800 mV(EH) even after scratching the steel samples. The observed stress corrosion in sulphide - and sulphate-containing electrolytes is to be ascribed to the action of sulphate and not to sulphide ions.
    Notes: Das Korrosionsverhalten von Armco- Eisen sowie eines hochfesten Baustahls wurde in sulfid- und sulfathaltigen Elektrolyten beim pH ∼ 12,6 untersucht. Stromdichte/Potential-Kurven zeigen, daß Eisen nach Passivierung passiv bleibt und damit in mit CaS, CaSO4 und Ca(OH)2 gesättigten Lösungen bis 800 mVEH gegen Korrosion geschützt ist. Bei Passivierungsversuchen unter Übergang vom Aktivbereich zu verschiedenen anodischen Potentialen ergab sich ein kritischer Potentialbereich um 300 mVEH, oberhalb dessen Korrosion auftritt. Der gleiche kritische Potentialbereich wurde bei Repassivierungsversuchen nach mechanischer Beschädigung einer schützenden Passivschicht gefunden. Zusätzliche Zugspannungen in Höhe von 85% der Streckgrenze führten bei 500 mVEH nicht zu Spannungsrißkorrosion. Nach Beschädigung der Passivschichten durch Kratzen der gespannten Drähte trat jedoch bei und oberhalb 300 mVEH Bruch auf; bei 200 mVEH kam es auch unter Belastung zu Repassivierung. In sulfatfreier Lösung von Na2S und Ca(OH)2 gleicher Sulfidionenkonzentration kam es bis 800 mVEH zu keiner Spannungsrißkorrosion, auch nicht nach Beschädigung der Passivschicht. Die beobachtete Spannungskorrosion in sulfid- und sulfathaltigen Elektrolyten ist daher der Wirkung von Sulfat- und nicht der von Sulfidionen zuzuschreiben.
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  • 2
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 54-58 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 77-80 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bestimmung des Lochfraßpotentials mit Hilfe galvanostatischer PolarisationstechnikenAusgehend von der Definition der in einem System möglichen Lochfraßpotentiale wird gezeigt, daß unter galvanostatischen Versuchsbedingugen Potentialoszillationen immer dann zu erwarten sind, wenn sich das Lochkeimbildungspotential Unp des Systems vom kritischen Potential der Lochrepassivierung Ucp unterscheidet.Im System Nickel in neutraler, chloridhaltiger Sulfatlösung sind die beobachteten Potentialschwankungen periodisch. Der untere Grenzwert entspricht dem kritischen Potential Ucp.
    Notes: Various characteristic pitting potentials are defined which may be observed in a system simultaneously. Following these definitions, galvanostatic polarization techniques are expected to result in potential oszillations whenever the pit nucleation potential, Unp, differs from the critical potential for pit repassivation, Ucp, of a system.With nickel polarized in neutral, chloride containing sulphate solution the electrode potential oscillates periodically. The lower limit responds to the critical potential, Ucp, determined by potentiostatic measurements.
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  • 5
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 69-77 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the Effect of Segregation on the Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo-SteelsInvestigations of segregated austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo-steels by means of the Huey-test showed that even a short annealing at 800°C can reduce the corrosion resistance. Especially for steels having a pronounced segregation this reduction of corrosion resistance can be such that it hinders the practical application of the material. This sensitivity to corrosion can be explained by the formation of intermetallic phases from ferrite which appears in small quantities within the segregated areas. It can be reduced by slightly altering the chemical composition towards a better austenite-stability and by remelting the steels to lower their segregated.
    Notes: Die Untersuchung von austenitischen Cr-Ni-Mo-Stählen mittels Huey-Test ergab, daß bei Vorhandensein von Seigerungen bereits durch kurzzeitige Glühungen bei 800°C die Korrosionsbeständigkeit in einem für die Anwendung dieser Stähle nicht mehr zulässigen Ausmaß beeinträchtigt werden kann. Die Ursache für diese Korrosionsanfälligkeit liegt offenbar in der Entstehung von intermetallischen Phasen aus dem in Seigerungsbereichen in kleinen Mengen auftretenden Ferrit. Eine Verminderung der Seigerungskorrosion ist durch geringfügige Veränderung der Durchschnittszusammensetzung in Richtung höherer Austenitstabilität sowie durch Anwendung von Umschmelzverfahren zur Erniedrigung des Seigerungsausmaßes möglich.
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  • 6
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Discussion of possible causes of intercrystalline stress corrosion cracking of warm underground pipelinesCathodically protected burried pipe lines can fail by intergranular stress corrosion cracking when suffiently high temperatures and tensile stresses are present. There are two types of failure mechanism. NaOH-type occurs with potentials 〈 -1 v ref. Cu/CuSO4 scale and 〉 120°F. Carbonate-type occurs with potentials 〉 - 0,75 v if pressure fluctuations are present. On basis of critical potential ranges protective measures as well as the suppositions regarding surface preparation and coating materials are discussed.
    Notes: Kathodisch geschützte erdverlegte Rohrleitungen können durch interkristalline Spannungsrißkorrosion gefährdet sein, wenn erhöhte Temperaturen und Zugspannungen vorliegen. Es gibt zwei verschiedene Schadensmechanismen. Der NaOH-Typ tritt bei UCu/CuSO4 〈 - 1 V und 〉 50°C auf. Der Carbonat-Typ tritt bei UCu/CuSO4 〉 -0.75 V auf, wenn geringfügige Druckschwankungen vorliegen. Aufgrund der verschiedenen kritischen Potentialbereiche werden Schutzmaßnahmen und die werkstoffseitigen Voraussetzungen bei der Rohrumhüllung erörtert.
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  • 7
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Kritische Lochfraßpotentiale von Wolfram in Lithiumchlorid-Methanol-WasserlösungenDie kritischen Lochfraßpotentiale von Wolfram wurden bestimmt in 0,5 m LiCl/Xm H2O/Methanol, wobei X zwischen 0 und 55 lag. Die Potentiale wurden erhalten aus potentiostatischen Strom-Zeitkurven, die nach zwei verschiedenen Methoden ermittelt wurden: 1. das Potential der in der Lösung befindlichen Elektrode wurde mit einer bestimmten Potentialvorschubgeschwindigkeit auf den gewünschten Wert gebracht und 2. trockene Elektroden wurden unter einem angelegten Potential in die Lösung eingesetzt. Bei Wasserkonzentrationen bis 11 m betragen die nach 1 und 2 ermittelten kritischen Lochfraßpotentiale weniger als 2 V (gegen Ag/AgCl/0.5 m LiCl). Die nach der Methode 1 erhaltenen Potentiale sind 52 V, 62 V (Maximum) und 33 V für Lösungen mit 14, 28 und 55 mol H2O. Die nach der Methode 2 erhaltenen Potentiale sind etwa halb so groß wie die nach Methode 1; Ausnahmen sind die Werte für 14 und 17 mol Wasser, die etwa 4/5 dieser Werte erreichen. Die Form der Kurven des kritischen Lochfraßpotentials in Abhängigkeit von der Wasserkonzentration ähnelt der Form der Viskosität/Konzentration-Kurve von 1 m LiCl/H2O/Methanol-Lösungen, die in der Literatur angegeben sind. Für den Angriff durch Chloridionen wird ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen, bei dem WO2Cl2 entsteht.
    Notes: The critical pitting potentials of tungsten were determined in 0.5 M LiCl - X M H2O - methanol solutions where X ranged from 0 to 55. They were obtained from potentiostatic current time curves measured by two different methods: (1) The potential of the electrode in solution was brought to the desired value at a definite rate of potential change (2) Dry electrodes were immersed into the solution under applied potential. At water concentrations up to 11. M the cpp's obtained by (1) and (2) are less than 2 V vs Ag/AgCl/0.5 M LiCl(aq). The cpp's obtained by method (1) are 52 V, 62 V (maximum value) and 33 V for solutions having 14. M, 28. M and 55. M H2O, respectively. The cpp's obtained by method (2) are about as half as large as those of (1) with the exception of the values for 14. M and 17. M H2O, which are about 4/5 as large. The shape of the cpp-water concentration curve is similar to that of the viscosity-concentration curve of 1 M LiCl-H2O-methanol solutions given in the literature. A mechanism for chloride ion attack of the film involving the formation of WO2Cl2 is proposed.
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  • 9
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 99-102 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 248-249 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 12
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 138-142 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 142-142 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 14
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 143-143 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 15
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 143-143 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 313-314 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystallization of silver sulfide layers, excited by electron radiation in the scanning electron microscopeThe investigation of Ag2S layers deformed by the motion of a hard gold revet under the scanning electron microscope has shown that the crystals at the surface grow at a considerable velocity. Within 5 minutes after the beginning of the irradiation the diametre had increased from about 0.2 μm to about 1 μm.
    Notes: Bei REM-Untersuchungen von Ag2S-Anlaufschichten, die durch die Reibbewegung eines Hartgoldnietes verformt worden waren, wurde im REM eine bemerkenswert schnelle Entstehung von Kriställchen an der Oberfläche beobachtet. Diese wuchsen, beginnend mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 0,2 μm, innerhalb von 5 min Bestrahlung bis zu ca. 1 μm an.
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  • 19
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 16-20 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Possibilities for the determination of the electrolyte formation on surfaces by condensation and moisture particle impactIn order to control the presence of electrolyte films on surfaces measuring probes are attached to the piece to be studied and the change of the electrical resistance of the probes is measured. These probes are passive dipoles and form a system of metallic area electrodes separated from each other by a crevice of defined dimensions (geometrical shape and size are adjusted to the particular problem). The electrodes are applied to a support combining high insulation resistance, water resistance, low weight and good thermal conductivity. The probes are connected to an electronic system recording the signals from the individual probes, so that the duration and the frequency of moisture film formation can be determined; the recording strip further enables a differentiation to be made between condensation (dew formation) and direct impact of liquid particles.
    Notes: Zum Nachweis von Elektrolytfilmen auf Oberflächen wird die Änderung der elektrischen Eigenschaften von Meßfühlern verwendet, die an dem zu untersuchenden Objekt befestigt sind. Dieser Fühler ist als passiver Dipol konstruiert und ist ein System metallischer Flächenelektroden, die voneinander durch einen Spalt definierter Abmessungen getrennt wird (geometrische Form und Größe sind dem jeweiligen Problem angepaßt). Die Elektroden werden auf ein Trägermaterial mit hohem Isolationswiderstand aufgetragen, das außerdem gegen Wasser beständig und leicht ist sowie gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist. Die Meßfühler sind mit einem elektronischen System verbunden, in dem die Signale der einzelnen Fühler grafisch aufgezeichnet werden, so daß sich die Dauer und die Häufigkeit der Befeuchtung ablesen lassen; dabei wird auch zwischen Betauung (Kondensation) und direktem Auftreffen von Flüssigkeitsteilchen differenziert.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion behaviour of iron in acetic acidExperimental investigation with Armco iron in oxygen-free sodium acetate and sodium chloride acidified with acetic and hydrochloric acid respectively; the reaction is assumed to be under cathodic control. According to results obtained so far both acids may function as proton donators; the activation energy for proton formation from acetic acid is probably lower. Proton donations by acetic acid is further enhanced by adsorption of acid molecules to the metal surface. On the other hand the adsorption effects may be compensated by too low a conductivity of the solution. Complex formation by acetate ions seems to play a minor role. As to the mechanism of the corrosion studied the Volmer reaction is assumed to be the partial reaction subject to the most pronounced deceleration; this reaction is divided into two steps, a dehydratation of the proton with pronounced activation hindrance, and subsequent extremely fast breakthrough reaction.
    Notes: Versuche mit Armco-Eisen in sauerstoff-freien, mit Essig- bzw. Salzsäure angesäuerten Na-Acetat- bzw. Na-Chloridlösungen, wobei der Korrosionsverlauf als kathodisch gesteuert angenommen wird. Nach den bisherigen Ergebnissen können sowohl die Salzsäure als auch die Essigsäure als Protonendonator fungieren, wobei die Aktivierungsenergie für die Abspaltung aus Essigsäure geringer sein dürfte. Außerdem scheint die Abspaltung aus Essigsäure auch durch Adsorption der Säuremoleküle an der Metalloberfläche beschleunigt zu werden. Andererseits können die Adsorptionseffekte jedoch durch zu geringe Leitfähigkeit der Lösung kompensiert werden. Die Komplexbildung durch Acetationen scheint demgegenüber nur eine geringe Rolle zu spielen. Für den Mechanismus der hier untersuchten Korrosion wird die Volmer-Reaktion als am stärksten gehemmter Teilschritt angenommen und in eine stark aktivationsgehemmte Dehydratation des Protons und eine anschließende extrem rasche Durchtrittsreaktion unterstellt.
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  • 21
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 45-46 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 46-67 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 127-134 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 120-121 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 134-135 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 121-127 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 136-137 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 304-312 
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    Description / Table of Contents: A basic ferrous carbonate similar to malachite as a corrosionproduct of steelA formerly unknown basic ferrous carbonate is described, which was found on the cone of a hot water valve (temperature 180°C) together with siderite and magnetite. According to analysis the formula is Fe1,82+Fe0,22+(OH)2,2CO3 or “Fe2(OH)2CO3” with some amorphous ferric oxidehydrate. The unit cell of said compound is orthorhombic: a = 9,390Å; b = 24,53 Å; c = 3,212 Å; Z = 8 aspect p* ab. The measured density: 3,59 g · cm-3. An infrared spectrum was taken and the frequencies of absorption coordinated tentatively with vibrations between 800-500 cm-1. Thermal analysis in oxygen leads to a stepwise exothermic decomposition and oxidation in course of which above 197°C an intermediate metastable compound (ferric oxidecarbonate “Fe2O2CO3”) is topotactically formed. The unit cell of this compound is orthorhombic: a = 9.23 Å; b = 12,18 Å; c = 5,94 Å. Also in this case an infrared spectrum was taken and bonds coordinated. Above 360°C further decomposition leads the formation of hematite. Decomposition in argon starts at 300°C. The reaction is endothermic and the product magnetite. A structural relationship exists between “Fe2(OH)2CO3” and malachite and also to siderite. In this latter case we assume epitaxial relations.
    Notes: Es wird ein bisher nicht bekanntes basisches Eisenkarbonat beschrieben, welches als Korrosions-oder Ablagerungsprodukt auf dem Ventilkegel aus unlegiertem Stahl eines Heißwasserwechselventils (Temperatur ∽ 180°C) zusammen mit FeCO3 und Fe3O4 aufgefunden wurde. Nach der Analyse handelt es sich um Fe1,82+Fe0,23+(OH)2,2CO3 oder um eine Verbindung der Formel Fe2(OH)2CO3 mit et-was amorphem Eisenoxydhydrat (FeOOH·nH2O). Die Elementarzelle der Verbindung, Fe2(OH)2CO3 “ist orthorhombisch: a = 9,390 Å; b = 24,53 Å; c = 3,21 2Å; Z = 8, Aspekt P* ab. Die gemessene Dichte: 3,59 g. cm-3. Es wurde ein Infrarot-Spektrum aufgenommen und die Banden zwischen 800 und 5000 cm-1 versuchsweise zugeordnet. Bei der Thermoanalyse in Sauerstoff findet eine stufenweise exotherme Zersetzung und Oxidation statt, wobei topotaktisch als Zwischenprodukt bei 197°C ein metastabiles Eisenoxycarbonat, Fe2O2CO3”auftritt. Dessen Elementarzelle ist orthorhombisch: a = 9,23 Å;b = 12,18 Å; c = 5,94 Å.Es wurde ein IR-Spektrum aufgenommen und die ∽ 360°C beginnt Zersetzung zu Hämabit. In Argon tritt oberhalb 300°C endotherme Zersetzung von Fe2(OH)2CO3 unter Bildung von Magnetit auf. Zwischen, Fe2(OH)2CO3und Malachit Cu2(OH)2CO3besteht strukturelle Verwandtschaft ebenso zu Siderit (FeCO3), wobei zumindest in letzterem Falle epitaxiale Beziehungen anzunehmen sind.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 321-342 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 315-320 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosionsverhalten von Al-Gußeisen in SchwefelsäureDas Verhalten von Al-Gußeisen wurde in Schwefelsäure bei 25°C potentiokinetisch und galvanokinetisch untersucht; die Ergebnisse wurden mit den am herkömmlichen Gußeisen und an handelsüblichem Stahl erhaltenen Werten verglichen.Mit Hilfe indirekter elektrochemischer Methoden (δEkorr/δpH und δ log ikorr/δpH) wurde gezeigt, daß unter den gewählten Versuchsbedingungen die anodische Auflösung des Metalls vom pH unabhängig ist. Außerdem ergab sich, daß bA für die drei Werkstofftypen 0,050 V ist, während bc von 0,116 V (für Stahl) über 0,305 V (für herkömmliches Gußeisen) gegen ∞ für das Al-Gußeisen steigt. Der B-Wert beträgt 0,015, 0,019 V und 0,024 V.
    Notes: The polarisation behaviour of Al-cast iron has been determined in sulfuric acid at 25°C and has been compared to the behaviour of classical cast iron and commercial steel in the same environment.It was concluded from indirect electrochemical measurements (δEcorr/δpH and δlog icorr/δpH) that the metal dissolution reaction was independent of pH under the given experimental conditions, and that bA = 0,05 V for the three alloys. bC changes from 0,116 V on steel to 0,305 V on classical cast iron and ∞ on Al-cast iron. The B values are respectively 0,015 V; 0,019 V and 0,024 V 0,024 V.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 395-395 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 594-601 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 605-606 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 610-610 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 610-610 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. XLI 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 611-618 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of unalloyed steel and aluminium in aqueous solution of ammonia and carbonic acid-1. Communication:Corrosion productsTwo new corrosion products were detected in testing of pure iron, rimming unalloyed steel, aluminium (99,9) and Al-Mg 1,5 in aerated aequous solutions of 130 g/l NH3 and 80/l Co2 at 60°. On iron and unalloyed steel the compound (NH4)2Fe2(OH)4(CO)3 · H2O was formed and on aluminium or Al-Mg 1,5 NH4Al(OH)2CO3 · H2. Both compounds were synthesized and compared by X-ray diffraction, IR spectrum, thermoanalysis, and chemical analysis with published literature. For NH4Al(OH)2CO3 · H2O the unit cell was calculated which changes somewhat with for the corrosion product are a = 6,64 Å; b = 11,99 Å; c = 5,76 Å. Orthorhombic lattice, aspect C*c*, or (a*) = 13.29 Å; C* = 11,99 Å (hexagonal lattice, pseudohexagonal?). The measured density = 2.03 g · the calculated 2,29 g · cm for Z = 4. The infrared spectrum was partly newly coordinated. Between aluminium metal and NH4Al(OH)2CO3H2O epitaxial relations are possible, which could explain the higher resistance against corrosion in comparison with steel in the test solution.
    Notes: Bei Korrosionsversuchen mit Reineisen oder St 33 - 1 (unlegiert, unberuhigt) und Al 99,9 oder Al-Mg 1,5 in wäßrigen Lösungen von 130 g/lNH3 + 80 g/lCO2 be 60°C wurden 2 neue Korrosionsprodukte entdeckt. Bei Stahl 33-l (Reineisen) (NH4)2Fe2(OH)4(CO3)2 · H2O und bei Al 99,9 (Al-Mg 1,5) NH4Fe2(HO)4(Co3)2 · H2O. Beide Verbindungen wurden auch synthetisiert und an Hand von Röntgenogrammen, IR-Spektren, Thermogrammen und chemischer Analyse mit Literaturwerten verglichen, Für NH4Al(OH)4CO3 · H2O wurde die Elementarzelle berechnet, die je nach Herstellungsart leicht variiert. Typisch für das Korrosionsprodukt ist a = 6,64 Å; b = 11,99 Å; c = 5,76 Å, orthorhombisch, Aspekt C*c*, order a = 13,29 Å; c* = 11,99 Å hexagonal (pseudohexagonal?). Die gemessene Dichte ist 2,03g · cm-3, die berechnete 2,29g · cm-3 für z = 4. Das Infrarotspektrum wurde zum Teil neu zugeordnet. Zwischen Aluminiummetall und NH4Al(OH)2CO3 · H2O sind Epitaxiebeziehungen möglich, die im Verhältnis zu Stahl besseren Korrosionswiderstand in der Prüflösung erklären könnten.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 618-625 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Pitting corrosion of austenitic chromium nickel and chromium nickel molybdenum steels in sulfuric acid containing bromides, and its inhibition nitrate ionsIn acidified bromide solution CrNi steels are attacked under pitting when a certain critical potential has been exceeded; this potential is higher than in the case of chloride containing solutions. Bromides are, consequently, less active than chlorides, but the pit density is considerably higher under idential corrosion conditions. While the pitting corrosion in chloride solutions can be considerably reduced by molybdenum addition to the steel, this effect is but little pronounced in the case of bromide solutions (with Mo additions up to 4% the potential is displaced by 0.2 V toward positive values). Mo additions around 2% are even dangerous since the pitting density is considerably increased in that range. Similar to the conditions in chloride solutions corrosion in bromide solutions is inhibited by nitrate additions; the potential limit is considerably higher in the bromide solution; this phenomenon points to stronger adsorption of bromide ions at the metal surface.
    Notes: In schwefelsaurer Bromidlösung wird CrNi-Stahl 18 9 oberhalb eines kritischen Grenzpotentials unter Lochkorrosion angegriffen; dieses Grenzpotential ist höher als im Falle von chloridhaltigen. Die Bromide sind demnach schwächer wirksam als Chloride, doch ist die Lochdichte unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen Wesentlich größer. Während die Lochkorrosion in Chloridlösungen durch Zusatz von Molybdän stark verringert werden kann, ist dieser Effekt im Falle der Bromidlösungen nur schwach ausgeprägt (bei Mo-Zusätzen bis 4% verschiebt sich das Potential nur um 0,2 V nach positiveren Werten). Mo-Gehalte um 2% sind im Falle der Bromidlösungen sogar ungünstig, da dann die Lochdichte beträchtlich erhöht ist. Ebenso wie in Chloridlösungen wird auch in Bromidlösungen die Lochkorrosion durch Nitrate inhibiert; das Grenzpotential liegt dabei in Bromidlösungen wesentlich höher, was auf stärkere Adsorption der Bromidionen hindeutet.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 625-630 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Promotoren auf die Wasserstoffdurchlässigkeit von StahlWie Messungen der Durchgangsgeschwindigkeit von elektrolytischem Wasserstoff durch Stahlmembranen bewiesen haben, beschleunigen die Verbindungen von P, As, Sb, S, Se und Te den Eintritt des Wasserstoffs in das Metall nur dann, wenn Hydride der betreffenden Elemente gebildet werden können. Die Hydride, die an der Kathodenoberfläche dissoziativ chemisorbiert werden, sind vermutlich fähig, die Übertragung der Wassertoffatome durch die Elektrolyt/Metall Grenzfläche zu unterstützen. Im Gegensatz dazu schienen adsorbierte Hydroxylionen diese Wirkung der Hydride zu behindern und so Eindringen des Wasserstoffs zu hemmen.
    Notes: Measurements of the permeation rate of electrolytic hydrogen through steel membranes have shown that compounds of P, As, Sb, S, Se, and Te enhance the entry of hydrogen into the steel only under conditions resulting in the formation of hydrides of hydrides of these elements. It may be presumed that the hydrides which are dissociatively chemisorbed on the cathode are able to assit in the transmission of hydrogen atoms across the electrolyte metal interface, while adsorbed hydroxylions, may be presumed to interfere with the action of hydrides and thus to inhibit permeation.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen zur Lochkorrosion des Stahls Delta-52 in wässerigen Lösungen. -2. Änderung des Lochkorrosionspotentials in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration des angreifenden AnionsDie potentiodynamischen anodischen Polarisationskurven wurden für eine Elektrode aus dem Stahl Delta-52 (0, 40, C, 0, 78Mn, 0, 045S, 0, 06p, 0, 23Si) aufgenommen; als Prüflösung diente verdünntes KOH mit und ohne Zusatz von Kaliumchlorid, -bromid und -jodid. Der auf dem Stahl vorhandene Oxidfilm beeinflußt die aktive Auflösung nicht, erst bei Potentialen über+2 V (ges. Calomal) tritt Passivität auf. Das Polarisationsverhalten des Stahls wird durch Zusatz der Halidionen nicht beeinflußt; oberhalb einer bestimmten Konzentration der Halide nimmt jedoch der Auflösungsstrom plötzlich steil zu, was auf den Beginn von Lochkorrosion hinweist; zwischen dem Lochkorrosionspotential und der Konzentration der Anionen besteht eine eindeutige Beziehung.
    Notes: Potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves have been traced for an electrode of the steel Delta-52 (0.40, 0.78Mn, 0.045 S, 0.06P, 0.23 Si): the aggresive media used were potassium hydroxide without and with additions of potassium chloride, bromide and iodide. The oxide film present on the steel surface does not inhibit active dissolution; only at potentials exceeding+2 (S. C. E.) passivity sets in. The polarization behaviour of the steel is not influenced by the addition of the halide salts; above a certain salt concentration, however, there is a sharp increase in dissolution current. This phenomenon is an indication of the start of pitting. Between the pitting potential and the anion concentration there exists a well defined relation.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 640-646 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 646-652 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 652-655 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 636-640 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of alloying elements on the passivation and the corrosion resistance of iron chromium base alloysThe authors investigated the influence of cathodic alloying (with 0.1-0.5% Pd) on the passivation and the corrosion resistance of alloys of the system FeCr(25-100% Cr) and 25% Cr steels containing Mn, Ni, Mo and N; the experiments have been carried out in hot concentrated sulfuric acid and diluted hydrochloric acid solutions. It has been found that the addition of Pd as a cathodically active component considerably increases the autopassivation tendency as well as the corrosion resistance of the alloys under the particular conditions. Mn gives rise to improved autopassivation of austenitic and austenitic ferritic CrNi and CrNiMo steels, since it is catodically active, too. Cr steels cathodically alloyed with Pd acquire resistance to hydrochloric acid, too.
    Notes: Untersucht wurde der Einfluß des kathodischen Legierens (Pd 0.1-0,5%) auf die Passivierung und die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Legierungen Fe-Cr (25-100%) und Fe-25Cr-Stähle, die Mn, Ni, Mo und N enthalten; die Versuche wurden in heißen konzentrierten Lösungen von H2So4 und verdünnten Lösungen von HCI durchgeführt. Dabei wurde festgestellt daß Pd als kathodisch wirksamer Zusatz die Neigung zur Selbstpassivierung und die Korrosionsbestandigkeit der erwähnten Legierungen unter den gewählten beträchtlich erhöht. Auch das Mn verbessert die Selbstpassivierung der austenitischen und ausstenitisch ferritischen CrNi- und CrNiMo-Stähle aufgrund seiner kathodischen Wirksamkeit. Es wurde demonstriert, deß die mit pd kathodisch modifizierten Cr- Stähle auch in verdünnter HCI korrosionsbeständig werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 656-669 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 670-672 
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