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  • Electron microscopy  (1,196)
  • Immunocytochemistry  (856)
  • Springer  (2,015)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of brefeldin-A and monensin on organelle distribution and morphology in the preimplantation mouse embryo (1997)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1997), S. 503-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Preimplantation mouse embryo ; Brefeldin-A ; Monensin ; Golgi ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The intracellular trafficking of integral membrane and secreted proteins is likely to be a key element involved in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the early mammalian embryo. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyse the effects of brefeldin-A (BFA) and monensin, well known inhibitors of vesicular protein trafficking in somatic cells, on the structure of preimplantation mouse embryos. Both BFA and monensin distinctively altered the morphology of Golgi compartments in the blastomeres of treated morulae. BFA-treated morulae lacked recognizable Golgi complexes but possessed heterogeneous organelle clusters consisting of an abundance of smooth tubular and vesicular membrane compartments in addition to mitochondria, endosomes and lysosomes. Treatment of morulae with monensin was associated with swelling of Golgi compartments in addition to altering the morphology of mitochondria, lysosomes and the plasma membrane. BFA, and to a lesser extent monensin, inhibited cytokinesis as evidenced by the detection of binucleate blastomeres. In addition, BFA induced morulae to decompact. These latter effects have not been reported previously for these agents in mammalian somatic cell lines or other vertebrate or invertebrate embryos. These results provide the first demonstration of the structural effects of BFA and monensin on cells of the early mammalian embryo, some of which are consistent with the known actions of these agents on components of the vesicular protein trafficking system in mammalian somatic cells. This information serves as a foundation for the further use of these agents in studies of vesicular protein trafficking as an agent of preimplantation morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050081
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical location of vitellin in the egg of the silkworm,Bombyx mori, during early developmental stages (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Vitellin ; Yolk granule ; Yolk protein ; Silkworm ; Embryogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Vitellin was purified from eggs of the silkworm,Bombyx mori, by a new method in which vitellin was extracted from isolated yolk granules. The purified vitellin had a molecular weight of 540,000. An antibody against purified vitellin was prepared in rabbits. It reacted with the hemolymph vitellogenin as well as with purified vitellin, but not with other proteins in the hemolymph or in the extract from yolk granules. The anti-vitellin IgG was used to immunocytochemically locate vitellin in theBombyx non-diapause egg during early developmental stages. In the egg, just after oviposition, vitellin was located in internal yolk granules and in small yolk granules of the periplasm. During the early developmental stages studied, vitellin was not metabolized uniformly throughout the egg. The vitellin of the internal yolk granules located at the posterior-dorsal part and of the small peripheral yolk granules was utilized in 16 h and 2 days, respectively, after oviposition. A thin, very vitellin-poor layer was located between the periplasm and the vitellin-rich interior in the newly laid egg. it was always in close contact with the periphery where blastoderm and germ-band cells developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848679
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and electrophoretic studies on the localization of the major haemolymph proteins (ceratitins) inCeratitis capitata during development (1984)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 194 (1984), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Major haemolymph proteins ; Development ; Cuticle ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ceratitis capitata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The developmental profile of the major haemolymph proteins (ceratitins) inCeratitis capitata was studied. Ceratitin concentration in the haemolymph decreases dramatically during the last days of pupal life, while the amounts of ceratitins in whole organism extracts remain unchanged. By electrophoretic, immunological and immunofluorescence techniques it was revealed that ceratitins are reabsorbed by the fat body and a fraction of them is deposited in the cuticle. The possible role of ceratitins is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848952
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variations in the production of the egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate, by the accessory cells in the ovary of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (1994)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 203 (1994), S. 402-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Sea urchin ; Egg jelly ; Ovary ; Development ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, the egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate (FSG) that induces the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa, originates from the accessory cells in the ovary. In the present study we examined the seasonal variations in the distribution of FSG in the ovary by immunocytochemistry with a polyclonal antibody. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that FSG was present in supernatants of extracts of ovaries throughout the development of the ovary. However, the immunohistochemical study showed that there are marked seasonal changes in the distribution of FSG in ovaries. The polyclonal antibody reacted strongly with globules of accessory cells before the beginning of the breeding season (August to December). During the breeding season (February to April), the immunohistochemical reaction was found on the surface of oocytes but was weak in the accessory cells. At the ultrastructural level, the antibody reacted with globules of variable density in accessory cells. Intense immunolabelling was observed in the vacuole-like structures of the globules. Sometimes, products of the specific immunocytochemical reaction were found in the Golgi apparatus in these globules. Quantitative examination indicated that FSG was actively produced by the accessory cells from the late non-breeding season to the pre-breeding season. These results suggest that there are marked seasonal variations in the production of FSG by the accessory cells in the sea urchin ovary. These findings also provide new evidence that accessory cells exhibit dynamic changes during the reproductive process in the sea urchin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188689
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphogenetic investigations on fine structural changes in the optic tectum of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during ontogenesis (1978)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 184 (1978), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Synaptogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Visual acuity ; Fish development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The morphogenetic differentiation of synapses of the optic tectum of the rainbow trout was investigated at different stages of development (from hatching to adult) and compared with the improvement in visual discrimination (minimum separable). (1) The main phase of synaptogenesis (increase in number of synapses, length of contact zone and number of vesicles) begins about one week after hatching and continues up to the age of one month, when the larvae start swimming freely. (2) Myelination begins 26 days after hatching and induces the end of the synaptogenesis period. (3) The visual discrimination (minimum separable) of trout larvae improves from 30 degrees of arc on the 10th day after hatching to 1 degree on day 30, then to about 14 to 18 min of arc in the adult. The results are discussed with special reference to previous biochemical investigations on changes in the ganglioside composition of the trout brain during comparable periods of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848671
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for inhibition of chitin synthesis by nikkomycin (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chitin inhibition ; Nikkomycin ; Cuticle ; Electron microscopy ; Epilachna varivestis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleoside antibiotic nikkomycin has proved to be an effective inhibitor of chitin synthesis in the Mexican bean beetleEpilachna varivestis. Ultrastructural investigations show defects in the procuticular area after nikkomycin application which suggest the complete absence of chitin. A cuticle like this is inflexible and too brittle to satisfy its normal function as an exoskeleton. The individuals are not able to free themselves from the exuvia and finally die. Therefore nikkomycin seems to be a potential insecticide with high specifity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848337
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of calmodulin in cells secreting by exocytosis (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1340-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; calmodulin ; secretory granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calmodulin is a regulator of several calcium-dependent cellular processes. It has been suggested that it plays a role in the mechanism of secretion. Employing an indirect immunoperoxidase technique at the light microscope level, this study demonstrates the presence of calmodulin in several exocytotic cells (mast cells, thyroid follicular cells, neurohypophyseal neurosecretory terminals, pancreaticβ-cells and pancreatic acinus cells) in rat and man. The positive staining reaction for calmodulin was granular and at least in the case of rat mast cells it appeared to be associated with the granule membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952085
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate, originates from the accessory cells of the ovary in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (1992)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 201 (1992), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Sea urchin ; Jelly coat ; Accessory cell ; Oogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The immunocytochemical localization of the egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate (FSG) that induces the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa, was investigated in ovaries of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus by use of a polyclonal antibody. The polyclonal antibody reacted with the accessory cells and oocytes in the ovarian lumen. In the accessory cells, evidence of an intense immunohistochemical reaction was observed in many globules of variable density. Products of the specific immunohistochemical reaction were frequently observed in the surface region of oocytes, at a distance from the ovarian wall. At the ultrastructural level, the polyclonal antibody was found to react with the material present in the vacuole-like structures of the globules in the accessory cells. Many gold particles, demonstrating specific immunolabelling, were associated with well-developed microvilli on the vitellogenic oocytes. In the mature oocytes, intense labelling was observed in the jelly coat but not in the vitelline coat. By contrast, oogonia and early oocytes were barely labelled. Quantitative data indicated that the extent of immunolabellings in the surface region of oocytes was very high in the vitellogenic and mature oocytes. In all cases, neither the oocyte cytoplasm nor the subcellular organelles were labelled. These results suggest that FSG is produced by the accessory cells and is deposited initially on the surface of vitellogenic oocytes for the formation of jelly. These findings may provide a new insight into the role of the accessory cells in the reproductive process of the sea urchin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188717
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface reconstruction from stereoscopy and “shape from shading” in SEM images (1991)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 4 (1991), S. 271-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; three-dimensional vision ; surface reconstruction ; stereo ; shape from shading ; dynamic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The computational reconstruction of surface topographies from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images has been extensively investigated in the past, but fundamental image processing problems still exist. Since conventional approaches adapted from general-purpose image processing have not sufficiently met the requirements in terms of resolution and reliability, we have explored combining different methods to obtain better results. This paper presents a least-squares combination of conventional stereoscopy with “shape from shading” and a way of obtaining self-consistent surface profiles from stereoscopy and “stereo-intrinsic shape from shading” using dynamic programming techniques. Results are presented showing how this combined analysis of multi-sensorial data yields improvements of the reconstructed surface topography that cannot be obtained from individual sensor signals alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01815304
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and expression of acid phosphatase of Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf & Kernan, in isolation or associated with plant roots (1992)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 1 (1992), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Ericaceae ; Mycorrhizal fungi ; Acid phosphatase ; Protein expression ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The activity of acid phosphatase produced in pure culture by the endomycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf & Kernan (H. ericae LPA 2) was inhibited by high phosphorus levels, alkaline pH, fluoride, molybdate and mannosidase, and activated by concanavalin A. Over 80% of the enzyme activity was due to two wall-bound acid phosphatase isozymes with the characteristics of mannose-rich glycoproteins. Antiserum was raised against the major, low-molecular-weight wall isozyme and its activity tested by immunoblotting and ELISA. The antiserum cross reacted 100% with exocellular (excreted) and 28% with cytoplasmic cellular fractions of H. ericae (LPA 2) cultures, and showed high reactivity with other strains of H. ericae but not with fungal isolates from Erica hispidula L. or E. mauritanica L. Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase by cytoenzymology and indirect immunogold labelling confirmed its association with the fungal wall in pure culture and showed that the influence of a high phosphorus level, fluoride and molybdate is through inactivation of the enzyme. Intense acid phosphatase activity, sensitive to the latter inhibitors, was also present on external hyphae growing over a host or non-host root but it was weak or absent from intracellular hyphae where these developed within a host root. Indirect immunolabelling confirmed that this acid phosphatase was of fungal origin and that the specific inhibitory effect of host cells is due to inactivation of the enzyme rather than repression of its synthesis. Possible implications of fungal acid phosphatase in ericoid endomycorrhizal infection processes are discussed together with mechanisms that may be regulating the enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203287
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