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  • General Chemistry  (7,564)
  • Chemical Engineering  (1,794)
  • PROPULSION SYSTEMS  (1,456)
  • COMMUNICATIONS  (1,377)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974  (10,327)
  • 1910-1914
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Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Communications between civilizations within our galaxy at the present level of radio engineering is possible, although civilizations must begin to search for each other to achieve this. If an extra-terrestrial civilization possessing a technology at our level wishes to make itself known and will transmit special radio signals to do this, then it can be picked up by us at a distance of several hundreds of light years using already existing radio telescopes and specially built radio receivers. If it wishes, this civilization can also send us information without awaiting our answer.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 79-82
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An important noise source in a drilling plant is Diesel engine exhaust. In order to reduce this noise, a reactive silencer of the derivative resonator type was proposed, calculated from the acoustic and design point of view and applied. As a result of applying such a silencer on the exhaust conduit of a Diesel engine the noise level dropped down to 18 db.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 156-162
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Several methods of transfer and processing of data whose practical implementation requires operational memory devices are described. Devices incorporating multistable elements are proposed and their main parameters are given. The possibility of using the proposed devices for storing information for transmission in space radio communications channels is examined.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 155-162
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The work consists of two parts. The first deals with the fine structure of radio pulses. Based on kinetic theory, processes occurring in the plasma shell of a pulsar when external electromagnetic radiation is present are investigated. It is shown that electromagnetic waves cause electrons to drift relative to ions, and initiate longitudinal oscillations. A dispersion equation describing the longitudinal oscillations in magnetized plasma is derived. Conditions for excitation of oscillations are found. Correlation functions of electron density are calculated, along with the coefficients of electromagnetic wave scattering. It is shown that variations in the amplitude of pulsar pulses are associated with scintillations caused by fluctuations in the plasma electron density. The second part of the study presents a mechanism for the radio emission of pulsars. The model of a rotating and a pulsating star, a neutron star with dipolar or more complex magnetic field, is examined.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3, (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 44-53
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of the troposphere on arrival time, range, and range rate measurement of radio signals propagating from spacecraft are examined. A tropospheric calibration model which takes into account seasonal variations, various elevations, and apparent location changes was developed. A comparison was made of the effects before and after calibration. Without calibration, a 16-m change in the distance off the spin axis, is induced for a 10-deg minimum elevation symmetrical pass. Even after calibration with the old model, the error in spin axis is still greater than 1 m. Calibration results and estimated uncertainties of the model are given in tabular form. Test results also show that the model met the required accuracy for the Mariner Mars 1971 mission.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Tracking System Analytic Calibration Activities for the Mariner Mars 1971 Mission; p 61-76
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  • 6
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Expressions are developed for the gain of a centrally obscured, circular optical antenna used as the collecting and focusing optics in a laser receiver, involving losses due to (1) incoming light blockage by central obscuration, (2) energy spillover at the detector, and (3) the effect of local oscillator distribution in the case of heterodyne or homodyne detection. Numerical results are presented for direct detection and for three types of local oscillator distribution (uniform, Gaussian, and matched).
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 7
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The gain of centrally obscured optical transmitting antennas is analyzed in detail. The calculations, resulting in near- and far-field antenna gain patterns, assume a circular antenna illuminated by a laser operating in the TEM-00 mode. A simple polynomial equation is derived for matching the incident source distribution to a general antenna configuration for maximum on-axis gain. An interpretation of the resultant gain curves allows a number of auxiliary design curves to be drawn that display the losses in antenna gain due to pointing errors and the cone angle of the beam in the far field as a function of antenna aperture size and its central obscuration. The results are presented in a series of graphs that allow the rapid and accurate evaluation of the antenna gain which may then be substituted into the conventional range equation.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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  • 8
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The state of the art of electric propulsion technology is discussed with a review of the many difficult engineering problems which must be resolved before the incorporation of electric propulsion in space missions. Interferences with the spacecraft and its scientific instrumentation, conducted and radiated electromagnetic interferences during the switching and processing of large electrical loads, and mercury and other eroded materials deposition on the spacecraft are indicated among the engineering and design challenges to be overcome and resolved.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIAA Student Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An attempt is made to develop mathematical formulas to provide the basis for the design of pseudorandom signals intended for applications requiring accurate knowledge of the statistics of the signals. The analysis approach involves calculating the first five central moments of the weight distribution of subsequences of hybrid-sum sequences. The hybrid-sum sequence is formed from the modulo-two sum of k maximum length sequences and is an extension of the sum sequences formed from two maximum length sequences that Gilson (1966) evaluated. The weight distribution of the subsequences serves as an approximation to the filtering process. The basic reason for the analysis of hybrid-sum sequences is to establish a large group of sequences with good statistical properties. It is shown that this can be accomplished much more efficiently using the hybrid-sum approach rather than forming the group strictly from maximum length sequences.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Communications; COM-22; Aug. 197
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  • 10
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Engine designs resulting from the NASA sponsored quiet engine program are described in terms of their possible use on the DC-8. These engines have high bypass ratios for low jet noise and low-speed, low-noise fans. Experiments were carried out on various fan designs with different tip speeds. The advantage of low tip speeds and high lift coefficients has been demonstrated. The engines are equipped with flight-standard nacelles with acoustic suppression. It is estimated that these improvements will reduce DC-8 noise by about 26EPNdB-29EPNdB.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Flight International; 106; July 25
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: As Pioneer 10 approaches the planet Jupiter, its trajectory will carry it behind the planet, as seen from the earth. The microwave telemetry signal from the spacecraft will then pass through the Jovian atmosphere on its way to the earth, and analysis of the effects of the atmosphere on the signal should yield information on the atmospheric structure. To help define the capabilities of this experiment and to aid the analysis of the real data, we have simulated the occultation experiment on a computer by using model Jovian atmospheres and a predicted trajectory. The results indicate that the useful depth of penetration of the microwave signal will be governed by ammonia absorption rather than superrefractivity. The experiment is apparently far more sensitive to variations in cloud-top temperature than to variations in the hydrogen-helium ratio. Characteristic 'flashes' in the attenuation record of the signal may yield information on the location of the top of the Jovian convective zone.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; May 1
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Equations are presented for the calculation of the interelement mutual coupling in a finite-size planar array of waveguide-fed apertures in an infinite flat conductor. The general mutual admittance expression is evaluated for circular apertures, and the mutual coupling calculations are verified experimentally for two Te-(11) mode excited apertures. Qualitative agreement between calculations for a 183-element array and an infinite array establishes the validity of the finite-array theoretical model.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is reported for simulating the signal fading that will be experienced by typical optical communication systems. The desired irradiance or amplitude fading statistics can be simulated by incorporating a linearized optical modulator subsystem between the transmitter and receiver. This technique has been implemented in the design and construction of a laboratory channel simulator. The design of the processing electronics is discussed along with the results of tests performed for each mode of operation.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; June 197
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  • 14
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Precise measurement and spacecraft tracking are obtained by using phase-locked loops in cascade in two-way communications links. Statistics on cycle slip time are of vital importance in system planning and design. This paper presents: (1) results of a computer simulation study of the mean time to first cycle slip of cascade phase-locked loops preceded by bandpass limiters, and (2) the determination of probability distributions of cycle slip. Numerical results are obtained for a typical coherent communication system.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; AES-10; May 1974
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  • 15
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An experimental investigation of bistatic scatter from rain was conducted, using a 143-km scatter path at frequencies of 4.5 and 7.7 GHz. The ratio of transmitted to received power (transmission loss) was measured for scattering angles ranging from 6 to 130 deg. Simultaneous weather radar observations were made at a frequency of 1.3 GHz. Transmission loss estimates for the bistatic scatter path were computed, using the weather radar data, the bistatic radar equation, and a model for the scattering cross section per unit volume of rain based upon Rayleigh scattering by an ensemble of water spheres. The measured and estimated transmission loss values were compared to test the use of the scattering model for the estimation of interference. The averaged ratio of measured-to-calculated transmission loss for the 4.5 GHz data is 1.2 plus or minus 0.4 dB. The averaged ratio for the 7.7 GHz data is -1.6 plus or minus 0.5 dB.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 16
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An assessment of the present state of the art in noise reduction technology indicates that this technology has the potential for effectively attaining this goal - a conclusion that is in apparent conflict with the frequently voiced complaints on intolerable noise levels near airports. Measures are suggested for a more vigorous implementation of available technology in practice to combat the aircraft noise problem.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 17
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A laser satellite ranging system that is mounted upon and integrated with a microwave tracking radar is reported. The 1-pulse/sec ruby laser transmitter is attached directly to the radar's elevation axis and radiates through a new opening in the radar's parabolic dish. The laser photomultiplier tube receiver utilizes the radar's existing 20-cm diam f/11 boresight telescope and observes through a similar symmetrically located opening in the dish. The laser system possesses separate ranging system electronics but shares the radar's timing, computer, and data handling/recording systems. The basic concept of the laser/radar is outlined together with a listing of the numerous advantages over present singular laser range-finding systems. The developmental laser hardware is described along with preliminary range-finding results and expectations.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The application of frequency modulation when constructing a telemetric system in the shortwave band. The operating principles, the construction of the system and the decision making device are described and experimental data are presented. The equipment can be used on sounding balloons.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 59-65
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  • 19
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Procedures for protecting aircraft engines from impact damage due to sand and dust particles are discussed. One system is to develop a filtration system to remove most of the solid particles. Another method is to design blade materials and blade protection coatings. The concepts of erosion within aircraft engines are explained. Curves are presented to show the effect of impingement angle on ductile and elastic modes of erosion. Engine sand and dust ingestion tests were conducted on T63-A-5A engines and the results are produced in graph form. The results of tests conducted in a dynamic erosion facility are analyzed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 129-145
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Expressions which represent the elevation-plane patterns of a large TEM mode coax aperture and a TM-01 mode circular aperture on finite circular and square ground planes have been derived using geometrical theory of diffraction; design curves for the coax case are presented. The expressions for the field pattern were obtained by superposing the infinite ground plane solutions, the first-order diffracted field solutions, and the axial caustic solutions in their respective regions of validity. The pattern analyses for the coax and circular apertures are verified experimentally.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; May 1974
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  • 21
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Diffused optical waveguides are studied using the modal and the ray tracing approach, with an emphasis on the case of a hollow waveguide with diffuse cladding. The properties of the guided modes are investigated in detail. The applications of these structures to optical circuits, integrated optics lasers and capillary gas lasers are discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: vol. 43; July 197
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The objectives of the Apollo 17 Lunar Sounder Experiment (ALSE) were to detect subsurface geologic structures, to generate a continuous lunar profile, and to image the moon at radar wavelengths. A three-wavelength synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) operating at 60, 20, and 2 m wavelengths was designed to attain these objectives. The design choices reflected a balance of scientific requirements versus Apollo mission and hardware constraints. The radar data from the lunar mission were recorded on photographic film in a conventional SAR format, and were returned to earth for processing. A combination of optical and digital processing and exploitation techniques was applied to the scientific interpretation of the data. Some preliminary results from the lunar mission have been obtained.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE; vol. 62
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Equations are presented for the calculation of the interelement mutual coupling in a finite size planar array of wave-guide-fed apertures in an infinite flat conductor. The general mutual admittance expression is evaluated for circular apertures and the mutual coupling calculations are verified experimentally for two TE11 mode excited apertures. Qualitative agreement between calculations for a 183 element array and an infinite array establishes the validity of the finite array theoretical model.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: The severity of proposed noise goals for STOL systems has resulted in a new design approach for aircraft propulsion systems. It has become necessary to consider the influence of the noise goal on the design of engine components, engine systems, and the integrated nacelle, separately and collectively, from the onset of the design effort. This integrated system design approach is required in order to effect an optimization of the propulsion and aircraft system. Results from extensive design studies and pertinent test programs are presented which show the effect of noise specifications on component and system design, and the trade-offs possible of noise versus configuration and performance. The design optimization process of propulsion systems for powered lift systems is presented beginning with the component level and proceeding through to the final integrated propulsion system. Designs are presented which are capable of meeting future STOL noise regulations and the performance, installation and economic penalties are assessed as a function of noise level.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AGARD V(STOL Propulsion Systems; 17 p
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Because of the relatively high takeoff speeds of supersonic transport aircraft, it is important to know whether the flight velocity effects the noise level of suppressor nozzles. To investigate this, a modified F-106B aircraft was used to conduct a series of flyover and static tests on a 12-chute suppressor installed on an uncooled plug nozzle. Comparison of flyover and static spectra indicated that flight velocity adversely affected noise suppressions of the 12-chute configurations.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2918 , E-7449
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer program is presented and described that generates jet engine inlet flow contour maps and inlet flow distortion parameters. The program input consists of an array of measurements describing the flow conditions at the engine inlet. User-defined distortion parameters may be calculated.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2967 , E-7572
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Plug nozzles with two types of 40-spoke noise suppressor were tested at free-stream Mach numbers from 0 to 0.45 and over a range of nozzle pressure ratios from 1.5 to 4.0. In additon, an unsuppressed plug nozzle and a Supersonic Tunnel Association nozzle were also tested to provide baseline levels of thrust performance. The unsuppressed plug nozzle had an efficiency of 98 percent at an assumed takeoff pressure ratio of 3.0 and at Mach 0.36. At the same condition the suppressor nozzles had efficiencies of approximately 83.5 percent.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2951 , E-7541
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A digital simulation is presented for a candidate modem in a modeled atmospheric scintillation environment with Doppler, Doppler rate, and signal attenuation typical of the radio link conditions for an outer planets atmospheric entry probe. The results indicate that the signal acquisition characteristics and the channel error rate are acceptable for the system requirements of the radio link. The simulation also outputs data for calculating other error statistics and a quantized symbol stream from which error correction decoding can be analyzed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-114739
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Because of the relatively high takeoff speeds of supersonic transport aircraft, it is important to know if the flight velocity affects the noise level of suppressor nozzles. To investigate this, a modified F-106B aircraft was used to conduct a series of flyover and static tests on a 48-tube suppressor installed on an uncooled plug nozzle. Comparison of flyover and static spectra indicated that flight velocity had little effect on the noise suppression of the 48-tube suppressor configuration. However, flight velocity adversely affected noise suppression of the 48-tube suppressor with an acoustic shroud and plug installed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2919 , E-7513
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  • 30
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The SERT C (Space Electric Rocket Test - C) project study defines a spacecraft mission that would demonstrate the technology readiness of ion thruster systems for primary propulsion and station keeping applications. As a low cost precursor, SERT C develops the components and systems required for subsequent Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) applications. The SERT C mission requirements and preliminary spacecraft and subsystem design are described.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71508
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effect of film coolant ejection from the pressure side of a stator blade was determined in a two-dimensional cascade. Stator exit surveys were made for each of six rows of coolant holes. Successive multirow tests were made with two, three, four, five, and six rows of coolant holes open. The results of the multirow tests are compared with the predicted multirow performance obtained by adding the single-row data. Results are presented in terms of stator primary-air efficiency as a function of coolant fraction.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3045 , E-7817
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the thermal effectiveness of an aluminized Mylar-silk net insulation system containing up to 160 layers. The experimentally measured heat flux was compared with results predicted by using (1) a previously developed semi-empirical equation and (2) an effective-thermal-conductivity value. All tests were conducted at a nominal hot-boundary temperature of 294 K (530 R) with liquid hydrogen as the heat sink. The experimental results show that the insulation performed as expected and that both the semi-empirical equation and effective thermal conductivity of a small number of layers were adequate in predicting the thermal performance of a large number of layers of insulation.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7659 , E-7815
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Parts lists for the 2.25 GHz indoor- and antenna-unit assemblies are followed by drawings that constitute the drafting package for three converter types and the tunnel diode amplifier.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-120933
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A frequency modulated (FM) multiplexer, consisting of 21 IRIG-A constant bandwidth (CBW) voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO's) was tested to determine its suitability for use in multiplexing 21 data signals which have frequency ranges of dc to 2 kHz. Tests were preformed with the composite signal, consisting of the mixed outputs of the 21 VCO's connected directly to a set of subcarrier discriminators, with the signal recorded on magnetic tape and played back through the discriminators and with the signal transmitted by a frequency-modulated FM S-band radio frequency RF transmitter to a FM receiver and through the subcarrier discriminators. Tape speed flutter was induced to determine the reduction in flutter noise which can be obtained by the tape speed compensation equipment. The RF transmission test included transmitting the composite signal at a nominal RF received signal of -73 dbm and at RF levels of -83 and -86 dbm.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-134304 , LEC-3558 , JSC-09017
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The work is described which was performed on the design, analysis and performance of a 20 kW rollup solar array capable of meeting the design requirements of a solar electric spacecraft for the 1980 Encke rendezvous mission. To meet the high power requirements of the proposed electric propulsion mission, solar arrays on the order of 186.6 sq m were defined. Because of the large weights involved with arrays of this size, consideration of array configurations is limited to lightweight, large area concepts with maximum power-to-weight ratios. Items covered include solar array requirements and constraints, array concept selection and rationale, structural and electrical design considerations, and reliability considerations.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-136860 , JPL-TM-33-668
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Tests were conducted to determine the performance of a hydrogen burner used to produce a test gas that simulates air entering a scramjet combustor at various flight conditions. The test gas simulates air in that it duplicates the total temperature, total pressure, and the volume fraction of oxygen of air at flight conditions. The main objective of the tests was to determine the performance of the burner as a function of the effective exhaust port area. The conclusions were: (1) pressure oscillations of the chugging type were reduced in amplitude to plus or minus 2 percent of the mean pressure level by proper sizing of hydrogen, oxygen, and air injector flow areas; (2) combustion efficiency remained essentially constant as the exhaust port area was increased by a factor of 3.4; (3) the mean total temperature determined from integrating the exit radial gas property profiles was within plus or minus 5 percent of the theoretical bulk total temperature; (4) the measured exit total temperature profile had a local peak temperature more than 30 percent greater than the theoretical bulk total temperature; and (5) measured heat transfer to the burner liner was 75 percent of that predicted by theory based on a flat radial temperature profile.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7567 , L-9363
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experimental test program results of a 4 1/2-stage turbine with a very high stage loading factor are presented. A four-stage turbine was tested with and without outlet turning vanes. The 4 1/2-stage turbine achieved a design point total-to-total efficiency of 0.853. The outlet turning vane design point performance was 0.4 percent of the overall 4 1/2-stage turbine efficiency. Tests were conducted at various levels of Reynolds number and indicated decreases in turbine efficiency and equivalent weight flow with decreasing Reynolds number.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-2363 , R73AEG163
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An axial flow compressor stage, having tandem airfoil blading, was designed for zero rotor prewhirl, constant rotor work across the span, and axial discharge flow. The stage was designed to produce a pressure ratio of 1.265 at a rotor tip velocity of 757 ft/sec. The rotor has an inlet hub/tip ratio of 0.8. The design procedure accounted for the rotor inlet boundary layer and included the effects of axial velocity ratio and secondary flow on blade row performance. The objectives of this experimental program were (1) to obtain performance with uniform and distorted inlet flow for comparison with the performance of a stage consisting of single-airfoil blading designed for the same vector diagrams and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of accounting for the inlet boundary layer, axial velocity ratio, and secondary flows in the stage design.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134529 , FR-5955
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results of supersonic mixing and combustion tests performed with two simple strut injector configurations, one with parallel injectors and one with perpendicular injectors, are presented and analyzed. Good agreement is obtained between static pressure measured on the duct wall downstream of the strut injectors and distributions obtained from one-dimensional calculations. Measured duct heat load agrees with results of the one-dimensional calculations for moderate amounts of reaction, but is underestimated when large separated regions occur near the injection location. For the parallel injection strut, good agreement is obtained between the shape of the injected fuel distribution inferred from gas sample measurements at the duct exit and the distribution calculated with a multiple-jet mixing theory. The overall fraction of injected fuel reacted in the multiple-jet calculation closely matches the amount of fuel reaction necessary to match static pressure with the one-dimensional calculation. Gas sample measurements with the perpendicular injection strut also give results consistent with the amount of fuel reaction in the one-dimensional calculation.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7581 , L-9428
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Studies on the digital communication system for the direct communication links from ground to space shuttle and the links involving the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). Three main tasks were performed:(1) Channel encoding/decoding parameter optimization for forward and reverse TDRS links,(2)integration of command encoding/decoding and channel encoding/decoding; and (3) modulation coding interface study. The general communication environment is presented to provide the necessary background for the tasks and to provide an understanding of the implications of the results of the studies.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-134183 , R7401-2
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 56
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A formulation is given for the correlation functions for the log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of both spherical and plane waves propagating in a turbulent medium whose correlation function for refractive index fluctuations is described by the product of a function of the average coordinate and a function of the difference coordinate. The results are applied to radio occultation of a flyby space probe by the atmosphere of Venus, assuming that the turbulence in the atmosphere exists as a layer, that it is localized, isotropic, and smoothly varying, and that the localized turbulence is described by the Kolmogorov spectrum. Closed-form solutions for both variances and frequency spectra of the log-amplitude and phase fluctuations are obtained using Rytov's method, and it is seen that the shape of the frequency spectra depends greatly on the characteristics and extent of the turbulence.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; July 197
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 36; May 1974
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Corrugated horns involve a junction between the corrugated surface and a conducting ground plane. Proper horn design requires an understanding of the electromagnetic properties of the corrugated surface and this junction. An integral equation solution has been used to study the influence of corrugation density and tooth thickness on the power loss, surface current, and the scattering from a ground plane/corrugated surface junction.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Pitch and roll plane radiation patterns computed by use of an integral equation formulation are presented for a space shuttle annular slot communications antenna. The excellent agreement between computed patterns and experimental patterns obtained from 1/35 scale models supports the use of this method as a design tool for similar spacecraft/aircraft antenna applications.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Jan. 197
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  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A structural integrated ion thruster with 8-cm beam diameter (SIT-8) was developed for attitude control and stationkeeping of synchronous satellites. As optimized, the system demonstrates a thrust T=1.14 mlb (not corrected for beam V sub B = 1200 V (I sub sp = 2200 sec) total propellant utilization efficiency nu sub u = 59.8% (is approximately 72% without auxiliary pulse-igniter electrode), and electrical efficiency n sub E 61.9%. The thruster incorporates a wire-mesh anode and tantalum cover surfaces to control discharge chamber flake formation and employs an auxiliary pulse-igniter electrode for hollow-cathode ignition. When the SIT-8 is integrated with the compatible SIT-5 propellant tankage, the system envelope is 35 cm long by 13 cm flange bolt circle with a mass of 9.8 kg including 6.8 kg of mercury propellant. Two thrust vectoring systems which generate beam deflections in two orthogonal directions were also developed under the program and tested with the 8-cm thruster. One system vectors the beam over + or - 10 degrees by gimbaling of the entire thruster (not including tankage), while the other system vectors the beam over + or - 7 degrees by translating the accel electrode relative to the screen electrode.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134685
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A 51-cm-diam. model of a short-haul fan stage was tested. Surveys of the air flow conditions ahead of the rotor, between the rotor and stator, and behind the stator were made over the stable operating range of the stage. At the design speed of 213.3 m/sec and weight flow of 26.7 kg/sec, the stage pressure ratio and efficiency are 1.18 and 0.87, respectively. The rotor peak efficiency of 0.92 occurred at flow rate of 30.5 kg/sec. Peak stage efficiency of 0.09 was obtained at 110 percent speed at a pressure ratio of 1.218 and a weight flow of 30.2 kg/sec. Maximum stage pressure ratio is 1.269 at 120 percent speed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3101 , E-7791
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The characteristics and performance of the orbit maneuvering engine for the space shuttle are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the regeneratively cooled thrust chamber of the engine. Tests were conducted to determine engine operating parameters during the start, shutdown, and restart. Characteristics of the integrated thrust chamber and the performance and thermal conditions for blowdown operation without supplementary boundary layer cooling were investigated. The results of the test program are presented.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-140250 , ASR74-229
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  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A noise abating improvement for jet engines including turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, ramjets, scramjets, and hybrid jets is introduced. A provision is made for an apparatus in the primary and/or secondary flow streams of the engines; the apparatus imparts to the exhaust gases a component rotation or swirl about the engine's longitudinal axis. The rotary component in the exhaust gases causes a substantial suppression of sound energy build up normally produced by an axial flow exhaust system.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A solid propellant composition of improved efficiency is described which includes an oxidizer containing ammonium perchlorate, and a powered metal fuel, preferably aluminum or beryllium, in the form of a composite. The metal fuel is contained in the crystalline lattice framework of the oxidizer, as well as within the oxidizer particles, and is disposed in the interstices between the oxidizer particles of the composition. The propellant composition is produced by a process comprising the crystallization of ammonium perchlorate in water, in the presence of finely divided aluminum or beryllium. A suitable binder is incorporated in the propellant composition to bind the individual particles of metal with the particles of oxidizer containing occluded metal.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design, fabrication, and performance of elements of a low cost FM microwave satellite ground station receiver is described. It is capable of accepting 12 contiguous color television equivalent bandwidth channels in the 11.72 to 12.2 GHz band. Each channel is 40 MHz wide and incorporates a 4 MHz guard band. The modulation format is wideband FM and the channels are frequency division multiplexed. Twelve independent CATV compatible baseband outputs are provided. The overall system specifications are first discussed, then consideration is given to the receiver subsystems and the signal branching network.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140056 , R(T)-74/2
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An S-band antenna system and a group of off-the-shelf aircraft antenna were exposed to temperatures simulating shuttle orbital cold soak and entry heating. Radiation pattern and impedance measurements before and after exposure to the thermal environments were used to evaluate the electrical performance. The results of the electrical and thermal testing are given. Test data showed minor changes in electrical performance and established the capability of these antenna to withstand both the low temperatures of space flight and the high temperatures of entry.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140226 , MDC-E0896-VOL-2
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  • 53
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A tuned noise suppressor is described consisting of annular acoustically porous elements for incorporation into the inlet and exhaust ducts of turbofan engines. The apparatus uses sound wave absorption, reflection, and incompatibility for achieving high noise reduction in the short distance. In addition, it has a duct of uniform inner diameter which does not block the duct flow.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The NASA Deep Space Net (DSN) in support of the Viking Mars Project in 1976, and for science and technology demonstrations during the Mariner-Venus-Mercury mission in 1974, has developed and implemented a dual (S- and X-band) feed for large ground microwave antennas. This feed provides for a multiplicity of functions; very low listening capability at each downlink (spacecraft-to-earth) band as well as simultaneous diplexed very high cw power uplink (earth-to-spacecraft) at the S-band frequency. Total 64-m antenna system performance, is considered in terms of gain, operating noise temperature and dual beam pointing or boresight coincidence. Because of the unique ability to fold or stow the dual band feed elements for single band operations, the performance definition between single and dual band operations will be reliable and accurate.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: AGARD Antennas for Avionics; 10 p
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two problems related to the effects of turbulence in the atmosphere of Venus on the Pioneer entry probe radio link were studied. In the first problem, the cross correlation between the log amplitude and phase fluctuations of the Pioneer Venus communications link is examined. Data show that for fluctuation frequencies above approximately 1 Hz there is little or no correlation. For frequencies below this region the correlation is weak and the square root of the coherence has a peak value close to 0.65. The second problem consists of interferring turbulence characteristics of the Venus atmosphere from the Mariner 5 phase fluctuations. Data show that with the data processing techniques developed and currently available, the phase error due to oscillator drift, assumed trajectory delay, and spline curve fit exceed the turbulence induced fluctuations. Results show that it is not possible to interfere with the turbulence characteristics from Mariner 5 phase fluctuations.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139657 , JPL-TM-33-702
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of the use of newly emerging communications technology for improving the understanding between members of Congress and their constituents was conducted. The study employed a number of specific methodologies such as interdisciplinary systems model building, technology analysis, a sample survey, and semi-structured interviews using sketches of the emergent channels. The following configurations were identified as representative of emergent channel characteristics: (1) the teleconference, (2) the videoconference, (3) the videophone, (4) cable television, (5) cable television polling, and (6) information retrieval. Analysis of the interview data resulted in an overview of the current congressional-constituent communication system and an assessment of the potential for emergent telecommunications, as perceived by congressmen and senior staff from 40 offices in the stratified judgement sample.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139669 , GWPS-MON-20
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The successful hot fire demonstration of a pulsing liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen/liquid oxygen attitude control propulsion system thruster is described. The test was the result of research to develop a simple, lightweight, and high performance reaction control system without the traditional requirements for extensive periods of engine thermal conditioning, or the use of complex equipment to convert both liquid propellants to gas prior to delivery to the engine. Significant departures from conventional injector design practice were employed to achieve an operable design. The work discussed includes thermal and injector manifold priming analyses, subscale injector chilldown tests, and 168 full scale and 550 N (1250 lbF) rocket engine tests. Ignition experiments, at propellant temperatures ranging from cryogenic to ambient, led to the generation of a universal spark ignition system which can reliably ignite an engine when supplied with liquid, two phase, or gaseous propellants. Electrical power requirements for spark igniter are very low.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134655
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The performance and heat transfer characteristics of a doublet element type injector for the space shuttle orbiter maneuvering engine thrust chamber were investigated. Ths stability characteristics were evaluated over a range of chamber pressures and mixture ratios. The specific objectives of the test were: (1) to determine whether stability has been influenced by injection of boundary layer coolant across the cavity entrance, (2) if the injector is stable, to determine the minimum cavity area required to maintain stability, and (3) if the injector is unstable, to determine the effects of entrance geometry and increased area on stability.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134359 , ASR74-204
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This study had the objectives of determining the most promising conventional and variable cycle engine types; the effect of design cruise Mach number (2.2, 2.7 and 3.2) on a commercial supersonic transport; effect of advanced engine technology on the choice of engine cycle; and effect of utilizing hydrogen as the engine fuel. The technology required for the engines was defined, and the levels of development to ensure availability of this technology in advanced aircraft propulsion systems were assessed. No clearcut best conventional or variable cycle engine was identified. The dry bypass turbojet and the duct burning turbofans were initially selected as the best conventional engines, but later results, utilizing augmentation at takeoff, added the mixed-flow augmented turbofan as a promising contender. The modulating air flow, three-rotor variable cycle engine identified the performance features desired from VCE concepts (elimination of inlet drag and reduction in afterbody drag), but was a very heavy and complex engine.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-143634 , R74AEG330
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A choking device to cause a sonic barrier to be formed which reduces the transmission of noise in a direction opposed to the direction of air flow in a compressor that may be part of an aircraft gas turbine engine is described. The noise reduction is accomplished by proper shaping and movement of inlet guide vanes, and an actuator is connected to selected guide vanes to effect movement by programmed amounts as required to choke or partially choke within the design range of the axial-flow-air compressor.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results of an experimental program conducted on a mixed-compression inlet coupled to a turbofan engine are presented. Open-loop frequency response data are presented that show the response of shock position (as measured by an average inlet static pressure) to sinusoidal airflow disturbances produced at the compressor face station. Also presented are results showing the effect of different passive terminations (a choke plate or a long duct) on the characteristics of the inlet. Transfer functions obtained by using experimental data are presented and compared to the experimental data. Closed-loop frequency response of shock position (with a proportional-plus-integral controller) is presented. In addition, transient data are presented that show the unstart-restart characteristics of the inlet.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3104 , E-7924
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The primary function of the study was to assess the impact upon the HEAO telecommunications system of the proposed relay satellite-to-ground-link configuration. The system is designed to perform the function of most of the NASA ground tracking and communications network at a net cost savings for NASA.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139393
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Special purpose satellites are very cost sensitive to the number of broadcast channels, usually will have Poisson arrivals, fairly low utilization (less than 35%), and a very high availability requirement. To solve the problem of determining the effects of limiting C the number of channels, the Poisson arrival, infinite server queueing model will be modified to describe the many server case. The model is predicated on the reproductive property of the Poisson distribution.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71590
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Computer programs for analyzing the acoustic properties of turbomachinery with ducted flow were developed. The models include component interactions and rotor alone. Test case results determined from the computer programs are presented.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-132445 , D6-43296-3
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experimental results are summarized that were obtained in the development of a Teflon solid propellant pulsed plasma thruster. The feasibility was established of storing and feeding solid propellant in the form of an open circular loop into an operational thruster. This technique was verified to be practical by feeding over 20 inches of Teflon into a micro-thruster over an accumulated life test of 1858 hours. High energy density capacitors were evaluated under vacuum conditions when the capacitor is coupled directly to a plasma thruster. Numerous early capacitor failures were encountered. It was concluded that essentially all of the failures encountered in a vacuum environment are due to an internal electrical breakdown that will occur inside a capacitor that is not truly hermetically sealed. A steady input power significantly in excess of 130 watts can safely be tolerated if heat conduction can be provided to a sink whose temperature is about 16 C. A vacuum life test of the capacitor bank was carried out while discharging into a milli-lb. (milli-Newton) type pulsed plasma thruster. More than 1500 hours of vacuum testing of this milli-Newton type system has been accumulated without any capacitor problems. Recommendations are made for future capacitor designs.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-139272 , MS172R0001
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analytical models were developed for computing the periodic sound pressures of subsonic fans in an infinite hardwall annular duct with uniform flow. The computer programs are described which are used for numerical computations of sound pressure mode amplitudes. The data are applied to the acoustic properties of turbomachinery.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-132444 , D6-43296-2
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The analytic models developed for computing the periodic sound pressure of subsonic fans and compressors in an infinite, hardwall annular duct with uniform flow are described. The basic sound-generating mechanism is the scattering into sound waves of velocity disturbances appearing to the rotor or stator blades as a series of harmonic gusts. The models include component interactions and rotor alone.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-132443 , D6-43296-1
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A significant effort within the NASA Quiet Engine Program has been devoted to acoustical evaluation at the Lewis Research Center noise test facility of a family of full-scale fans. This report, documents the noise results obtained with fan A - a 1.5-pressure-ratio, 1160-ft/sec-tip-speed fan. The fan is described and some aerodynamic operating data are given. Far-field noise around the fan was measured for a variety of configurations pertaining to acoustical treatment and over a range of operating conditions. Complete results of 1/3-octave band analysis of the data are presented in tabular form. Included also are power spectra and sideline perceived noise levels. Some representative 1/3-octave band data are presented graphically, and sample graphs of continuous narrow-band spectra are also provided.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3066 , E-7857
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental wind tunnel investigation was conducted to determine the effects of time-variant distortions produced in a supersonic inlet on a J85-GE-13 turbojet engine. Results are presented principally in terms of instantaneous distortion amplitudes and total-pressure contours measured through compressor stall. They indicate that, although a time-averaged distortion may be far from a stall-inducing value, corresponding instantaneous distortion amplitudes can approach or exceed this value. Seven engine stall events were studied. In six of these events instantaneous distortion peaks of sufficient magnitude to cause stall were observed in the time period shortly before stall was detected.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3002 , E-6294
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The particle motion in two-dimensional free and forced inward flowing vortices is considered. A particle in such a flow field experiences a balance between the aerodynamic drag forces that tend to drive erosive particles toward the axis, and centrifugal forces that prevent these particles from traveling toward the axis. Results predict that certain sizes of particles will achieve a stable orbit about the turbine axis in the inward flowing free vortex. In this condition, the radial drag force is equal to the centrifugal force. The sizes of particles that will achieve a stable orbit is shown to be related to the gas flow velocity diagram at a particular radius. A second analysis yields a description of particle sizes that will experience a centrifugal force that is greater than the radial component of the aerodynamic drag force for a more general type of particle motion.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134616
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study program for conceptual design studies of remote lift and lift/cruise fan systems to meet the requirements of military V/STOL aircraft was conducted. Parametric performance and design data are presented for fans covering a range of pressure ratios, including both single and two stage fan concepts. The gas generator selected for these fan systems was the J101-GE-100 engine. Noise generation and transient response were determined for selected fan systems.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134636 , R74AEG283
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  • 72
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The system concept and characteristics are described along with support and orbital coverage capabilities. Information on user acquisition procedures is given. System impact on single and multiple access users is discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70710 , X-805-74-176
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An integral equation formulation is applied to predict pitch- and roll-plane radiation patterns of a thin VHF/UHF (very high frequency/ultra high frequency) annular slot communications antenna operating at several locations in the nose region of the space shuttle orbiter. Digital computer programs used to compute radiation patterns are given and the use of the programs is illustrated. Experimental verification of computed patterns is given from measurements made on 1/35-scale models of the orbiter.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7594 , L-9279
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: End-to-end system considerations involving channel coding and data compression which could drastically improve the efficiency in communicating pictorial information from future planetary spacecraft are presented.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139362 , JPL-TM-33-695
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The use of heat conduction flame generated in a premixed supersonic stream is discussed. It is shown that the flame is controlled initially by heat conduction and then by chemical reaction. Such a flame is shorter than the diffusion type of flame and therefore it requires a much shorter burner. The mixing is obtained by injecting the hydrogen in the inlet. Then the inlet can be cooled by film cooling.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-132446
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analysis to predict the pressurant gas requirements for the discharge of cryogenic liquid propellants from storage tanks is presented, along with an algorithm and two computer programs. One program deals with the pressurization (ramp) phase of bringing the propellant tank up to its operating pressure. The method of analysis involves a numerical solution of the temperature and velocity functions for the tank ullage at a discrete set of points in time and space. The input requirements of the program are the initial ullage conditions, the initial temperature and pressure of the pressurant gas, and the time for the expulsion or the ramp. Computations are performed which determine the heat transfer between the ullage gas and the tank wall. Heat transfer to the liquid interface and to the hardware components may be included in the analysis. The program output includes predictions of mass of pressurant required, total energy transfer, and wall and ullage temperatures. The analysis, the algorithm, a complete description of input and output, and the FORTRAN 4 program listings are presented. Sample cases are included to illustrate use of the programs.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7504 , E-7654
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The combustion characteristics of hypergolic propellants are described. A research project was conducted to determine if the reaction control system engine propellants on Apollo spacecraft undergo explosive reaction when subjected to conditions present in the engine at the time of ignition. Combustion characteristics pertinent to the hard-start phenomenon are considered. The thermal stability of frozen mixtures of hydrazine-based fuels with nitrogen tetroxide was analyzed. Results of the tests are presented in the form of tables and graphs.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134314 , BM-IR-1646-VOL-2
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results of an airline study of the economic effects of propulsion system technology on current and future transport aircraft are presented. This report represents the results of a detailed study of propulsion system operating economics. The study has four major parts: (1) a detailed analysis of current propulsion system maintenance with respect to the material and labor costs encountered versus years in service and the design characteristics of the major elements of the propulsion system of the B707, b727, and B747. (2) an analysis of the economic impact of a future representative 1979 propulsion system is presented with emphasis on depreciation of investment, fuel costs and maintenance costs developed on the basis of the analysis of the historical trends observed. (3) recommendations concerning improved methods of forecasting the maintenance cost of future propulsion systems are presented. A detailed method based on the summation of the projected labor and material repair costs for each major engine module and its installation along with a shorter form suitable for quick, less detailed analysis are presented, and (4) recommendations concerning areas where additional technology is needed to improve the economics of future commercial propulsion systems are presented along with the suggested economic benefits available from such advanced technology efforts.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134645
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An electronic control system for nondissipative dc power converters is presented which improves (1) the routinely attainable static output voltage accuracy to the order of + or - 1% for ambient temperatures from -55 to 100 C and (2) the dynamic stability by utilizing approximately one tenth of the feedback gain needed otherwise. Performance is due to a functional philosophy of deterministic pulse modulation based on pulse area control and to an autocompensated signal processing principle. The system can be implemented with commercially available unselected components.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-134544
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The theory, computer program, and numerical results of an investigation of an axial slot antenna on a circular cylinder are discussed. The cylinder is partially coated with a dielectric layer and the antenna radiates through a flush mounted window. The study was conducted to determine the effects of a high temperature dielectric layer on the performance of antennas mounted on a space shuttle. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationships of the parameters. Curves are developed to compare the theoretical and actual far field radiation patterns.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-138752 , ESL-2902-17
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analytic model is developed to predict pressure and flow transients in a gaseous hydrogen-oxygen reaction control rocket engine feed system. The one-dimensional equations of momentum and continuity are reduced by the method of characteristics from partial derivatives to a set of total derivatives which describe the state properties along the feedline. System components, e.g., valves, manifolds, and injectors are represented by pseudo steady-state relations at discrete junctions in the system. Solutions were effected by a FORTRAN IV program on an IBM 360/65. The results indicate the relative effect of manifold volume, combustion lag time, feedline pressure fluctuations, propellant temperature, and feedline length on the chamber pressure transient. The analytical combustion model is verified by good correlation between predicted and observed chamber pressure transients. The developed model enables a rocket designer to vary the design parameters analytically to obtain stable combustion for a particular mode of operation which is prescribed by mission objectives.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Computers and Fluids; 2; Aug. 197
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mode conversion in a periodically perturbed thin-film optical waveguide is studied in detail. Three different types of perturbations are considered: periodic index of refraction of the film, periodic index of refraction of the substrate, and periodic boundary. The applications in filters, mode converters, and distributed feedback lasers are discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 45; Aug. 197
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  • 83
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Many recent American unmanned planetary probes have used biorthogonally coded spacecraft-to-earth telemetry links. An examination of the frame-synchronization (sync) techniques employed on these missions revealed that they were not specifically designed for coded data. This led to a consideration of the optimum frame-sync problem for biorthogonally coded data received over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and decoded prior to sync acquisition. A frame-sync algorithm for biorthogonally coded data based on a super-symbol distance rule is proposed, along with a corresponding selection criterion for the sync sequence. It is argued heuristically that this approach is optimum with regard to minimizing the probability of false synchronization.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Communications; COM-22; Aug. 197
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Consideration of the recently observed phenomenon of scintillation of satellite signals at GHz frequency range. Based on the scintillation data and results from in situ measurements, several ionospheric irregularity models with different power spectra are studied. Scintillation index is computed for the various models and compared with observed results. Both magnitude and frequency dependence of the scintillation index are investigated. It is found that a thick irregularity slab of the order of 200 km with an electron density fluctuation of about 20 per cent of its background value and with a nonmonotonic power spectrum may account for the maximum observed values of the scintillation index as well as its frequency dependence. Some future observations and measurements are suggested.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 36; May 1974
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  • 85
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The feasibility of electrical power generation with an ambient temperature liquid-metal MHD separator cycle is demonstrated by tests in which a NaK-nitrogen LM-MHD converter was operated at nozzle inlet pressures ranging from 100 to 165 N/sq cm, NaK flow rates from 46 to 72 kg/sec, and nitrogen flow rates from 2.4 to 3.8 kg/sec. The generator was operated as an eight-phase linear induction generator, with two of the eight phases providing magnetic field compensation to minimized electrical end losses at the generator channel inlet and exit.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N74-35204.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-140309 , R-9557-1
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental test program was performed to demonstrate the durability of a beryllium INTEREGEN rocket engine when operating under conditions simulating the space shuttle reaction control system. A vibration simulator was exposed to the equivalent of 100 missions of X, Y, and Z axes random vibration to demonstrate the integrity of the recently developed injector-to-chamber braze joint. An off-limits engine was hot fired under extreme conditions of mixture ratio, chamber pressure, and orifice plugging. A durability engine was exposed to six environmental cycles interspersed with hot-fire tests without intermediate cleaning, service, or maintenance. Results from this program indicate the ability of the beryllium INTEREGEN engine concept to meet the operational requirements of the space shuttle reaction control system.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-140308 , R-9557
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A two-dimensional inlet and a turbojet engine were investigated in a Mach 0.4 stream so as to ingest the tip vortex of a forward mounted wing. Results show that ingestion of a wing tip vortex by a turbojet engine can cause a large reduction in engine stall margin. The loss in stall compressor pressure ratio was primarily dependent on vortex location and rotational direction and not on total-pressure variations across the compressor face.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71610 , E-8091
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental data were obtained with a 21.59 cm (8.5 in.) diameter cold-flow model in a static altitude facility to determine the thrust and pumping characteristics of several variations of a ram-air-cooled plug nozzle. Tests were conducted over a range of nozzle pressure ratios simulating supersonic cruise and takeoff conditions. Primary throat area was also varied to simulate afterburner on and off. Effect of plug size, outer shroud length, primary nozzle geometry, and varying amounts of secondary flow were investigated. At a supersonic cruise pressure ratio of 27, nozzle efficiencies were 99.7 percent for the best configurations.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3110 , E-7975
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An evaluation of the technology and the development of a preliminary design for a 25 kilowatt solar array system for solar electric propulsion are discussed. The solar array has a power to weight ratio of 65 watts per kilogram. The solar array system is composed of two wings. Each wing consists of a solar array blanket, a blanket launch storage container, an extension/retraction mast assembly, a blanket tensioning system, an array electrical harness, and hardware for supporting the system for launch and in the operating position. The technology evaluation was performed to assess the applicable solar array state-of-the-art and to define supporting research necessary to achieve technology readiness for meeting the solar electric propulsion system solar array design requirements.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-120483 , LMSC-D384250
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  • 91
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The flow field of a jet engine with an inlet vortex, which can pick up heavy debris from the ground and damage the engine, was simulated in a small water tunnel by means of the hydrogen bubble technique. It was found that the known engine inlet vortex is accompained by a vortex system, consisting of two inlet vortices (the ground based and the trailing one), secondary vortices, and ground vortices. Simulation of the ground effect by an inlet image proved that the inlet vortex feeds on free stream vorticity and can exist without the presence of a ground boundary layer. The structural form of the inlet vortex system was explained by a simple potential flow model, which showed the number, location, and the importance of the stagnation points. A retractable horizontal screen or an up-tilt of the engine is suggested as countermeasure against debris ingestion.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-140182
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  • 92
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A feasibility unit suitable for use as a voice recorder on the space shuttle was developed. A modification, development, and test program is described. A LM-DSEA recorder was modified to achieve the following goals: (1) redesign case to allow in-flight cartridge change; (2) time code change from LM code to IRIG-B 100 pps code; (3) delete cold plate requirements (also requires deletion of long-term thermal vacuum operation at 0.00001 MMHg); (4) implement track sequence reset during cartridge change; (5) reduce record time per cartridge because of unavailability of LM thin-base tape; and (6) add an internal Vox key circuit to turn on/off transport and electronics with voice data input signal. The recorder was tested at both the LM and shuttle vibration levels. The modified recorder achieved the same level of flutter during vibration as the DSEA recorder prior to modification. Several improvements were made over the specification requirements. The high manufacturing cost is discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140305
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer program is presented for a thin-wire antenna over a perfect ground plane. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain, and the exterior medium is free space. The antenna may have finite conductivity and lumped loads. The output data includes the current distribution, impedance, radiation efficiency, and gain. The program uses sinusoidal bases and Galerkin's method.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140622 , Technical Report 2902-19
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: End-to-end system considerations involving channel coding and data compression are reported which could drastically improve the efficiency in communicating pictorial information from future planetary spacecraft. In addition to presenting new and potentially significant system considerations, this report attempts to fill a need for a comprehensive tutorial which makes much of this very subject accessible to readers whose disciplines lie outside of communication theory.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140181 , JPL-TM-33-695-REV-1
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  • 95
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Criteria for the design and development of turbines for rocket engines to meet specific performance, and installation requirements are summarized. The total design problem, and design elements are identified, and the current technology pertaining to these elements is described. Recommended practices for achieving a successful design are included.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-SP-8110
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The operational flight instrumentation required for performance monitoring and fault detection are presented. Measurements by the burn through monitors are presented along with manifold and helium source pressures.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-140258 , LEC-3594 , JSC-09130
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer program, designated RETSCP, for the analysis of Rocket Engine Thermal Strain with Cyclic Plasticity is described. RETSCP is a finite element program which employs a three dimensional isoparametric element. The program treats elasto-plastic strain cycling including the effects of thermal and pressure loads and temperature dependent material properties. Theoretical aspects of the finite element method are discussed and the program logic is described. A RETSCP User's Manual is presented including sample case results.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134640
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A finite element stress analysis was performed for the film cooled throat section of an attitude control thruster. The anlaysis employed the RETSCP finite element computer program. The analysis included thermal and pressure loads, and the effects of temperature dependent material properties, to determine the strain range corresponding to the thruster operating cycle. The configuration and operating conditions considered, correspond to a flightweight integrated thruster assembly which was thrust pulse tested. The computed strain range was used in conjuction with Haynes 188 Universal Slopes minimum life data to predict throat section fatigue life. The computed number of cycles to failure was greater than the number of pulses to which the thruster was experimentally subjected without failure.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134641-VOL-2
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A three-dimensional finite element elasto-plastic strain analysis was performed for the throat section of a regeneratively cooled rocket combustion chamber. The analysis employed the RETSCP finite element computer program. The analysis included thermal and pressure loads, and the effects of temperature dependent material properties, to determine the strain range corresponding to the chamber operating cycle. The analysis was performed for chamber configuration and operating conditions corresponding to a hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber which was fatigue tested to failure. The computed strain range at typical chamber operating conditions was used in conjunction with oxygen-free, high-conductivity (OHFC) copper isothermal fatigue test data to predict chamber low-cycle fatigue life.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134641-VOL-1
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design of filters for detection and estimation in radar and communications systems is considered, with inequality constraints on the maximum output sidelobe levels. A constrained optimization problem in Hilbert space is formulated, incorporating the sidelobe constraints via a partial ordering of continuous functions. Generalized versions (in Hilbert space) of the Kuhn-Tucker and duality theorems allow the reduction of this problem to an unconstrained one in the dual space of regular Borel measures.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications; 14; Aug. 197
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