ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (269)
  • climate change  (142)
  • adsorption  (127)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (163)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (96)
  • Geography  (54)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the extraction of perylene from spiked soil material by dense carbon dioxide
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Journal of Supercritical Fluids 7 (1994), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0896-8446
    Keywords: PAH ; adsorption ; carbon dioxide ; contaminated soil ; solubility ; supercritical-fluid extraction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0896-8446(94)90014-0
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An EPR spectrum decomposition study of precipitated carbonated apatites (NCAP) dried at 25^oC: Adsorption of molecules from the atmosphere on the apatite powders
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Radiation and Isotopes 44 (1993), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0969-8043
    Keywords: CO"2 ; EPR spectroscopy ; adsorption ; carbonated apatites ; powder spectra ; spectrum decomposition
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0969-8043(93)90232-Y
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A thermodynamic approach for predicting retention time characteristics in supercritical fluid chromatographs
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Journal of Supercritical Fluids 3 (1990), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0896-8446
    Keywords: adsorption ; molecular separations ; near-critical phenomena ; supercritical fluid chromatography
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0896-8446(90)90010-J
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency change of a quartz crystal microbalance at the supercritical condition of carbon dioxide
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Journal of Supercritical Fluids 7 (1994), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0896-8446
    Keywords: adsorption ; quartz crystal microbalance ; resonance frequency
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0896-8446(94)90017-5
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global climate change in the instrumental period
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: climate change ; global precipitation ; global temperature ; global warming ; instrumental data
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90019-1
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agriculture's share in the emission of trace gases affecting the climate and some cause-oriented proposals for sufficiently reducing this share
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 95-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: acidification ; agriculture ; climate change ; eutrophication ; greenhouse gases
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90027-2
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An approach for treating the uncertainties in the impact of climate change
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; climate change ; modelling ; potato ; uncertainty
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90026-4
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climatic sensitivity of temperate forests
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: climate change ; drought ; forest distribution ; forest production ; temperate forests
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90038-8
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The carbon budget of Canadian forests: A sensitivity analysis of changes in disturbance regimes, growth rates, and decomposition rates
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: Canada ; biospheric feedback ; carbon cycle ; climate change ; fire
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90022-1
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate change and human history. Some indications from Europe, ad 400-1400
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: Europe ; climate change ; impact ; medieval
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90020-5
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of climate change on the soil/moisture regime of Scottish mineral soils
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: GIS ; climate change ; moisture ; soil
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90039-6
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk Perceptions, General Environmental Beliefs, and Willingness to Address Climate Change (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 461-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Risk perceptions ; climate change ; knowledge ; environmental beliefs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The research reported here examines the relationship between risk perceptions and willingness to address climate change. The data are a national sample of 1225 mail surveys that include measures of risk perceptions and knowledge tied to climate change, support for voluntary and government actions to address the problem, general environmental beliefs, and demographic variables. Risk perceptions matter in predicting behavioral intentions. Risk perceptions are not a surrogate for general environmental beliefs, but have their own power to account for behavioral intentions. There are four secondary conclusions. First, behavioral intentions regarding climate change are complex and intriguing. People are neither “nonbelievers” who will take no initiatives themselves and oppose all government efforts, nor are they “believers” who promise both to make personal efforts and to vote for every government proposal that promises to address climate change. Second, there are separate demographic sources for voluntary actions compared with voting intentions. Third, recognizing the causes of global warming is a powerful predictor of behavioral intentions independent from believing that climate change will happen and have bad consequences. Finally, the success of the risk perception variables to account for behavioral intentions should encourage greater attention to risk perceptions as independent variables. Risk perceptions and knowledge, however, share the stage with general environmental beliefs and demographic characteristics. Although related, risk perceptions, knowledge, and general environmental beliefs are somewhat independent predictors of behavioral intentions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007004813446
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Groundwater contaminant transport including adsorption and first order decay (1994)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 8 (1994), S. 185-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Contaminant transport ; adsorption ; decay ; random walk ; killing ; Kolmogorov equations ; contamination of a well
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This study deals with the transport of a contaminant in groundwater. The contaminant is subject to first order decay or linear adsorption. Its displacement can be modeled by a random walk process in which particles are killed at exponentially distributed times. Dirichlet problems are derived for the rate and mean time at which contaminated particles reach a particular part of the boundary of a certain domain. These Dirichlet problems are solved asymptotically for two types of 2D-flow patterns: flow parallel to the boundary of a domain and arbitrary flow towards a well in an aquifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01587234
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical validation of GCM-simulated climates for the U.S. Great Lakes and the C.I.S. Emba and Ural River basins (1992)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 6 (1992), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Hydrology ; global circulation models ; statistics ; climate change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Many researchers use outputs from large-scale global circulation models of the atmosphere to assess hydrological and other impacts associated with climate change. However, these models cannot capture all climate variations since the physical processes are imperfectly understood and are poorly represented at smaller regional scales. This paper statistically compares model outputs from the global circulation model of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory to historical data for the United States' Laurentian Great Lakes and for the Emba and Ural River basins in the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.). We use maximum entropy spectral analysis to compare model and data time series, allowing us to both assess statistical predictabilities and to describe the time series in both time and frequency domains. This comparison initiates assessments of the model's representation of the real world and suggests areas of model improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581676
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wirkungsweise polymerer Vergrauungsinhibitoren in Waschmitteln (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 56-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymeric antiredeposition agents ; adsorption ; hydrophilization ; steric repulsion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In laundering, oily soils are detached from textile surfaces and dispersed. In addition, the washing solution should reduce the redeposition of free suspended soil particles onto the textile fibres. In the case of a recommended predetermined dosage of a detergent the main part of the required stabilizing effect is due to the surfactants, complexing agents, builders and zeolites. Polymeric antiredeposition agents cause only gradual additional improvements. In the case of a weak dosage the stabilizing effects of the surfactants and builders rapidly decrease and the effects of the polymeric antiredeposition agents increase. The mechanism of these effects is characterized by high selectivity of the textile substrates. In the case of polar textiles (for instance cotton) carboxy methyl cellulose is often successfully used. In this case the mode of action is mostly due to steric repulsion of the adsorbed layer. In the case of hydrophobic polyester fibres cellulose ethers with hydrophobic sidechains (for instance hydroxy propyl cellulose) show very good effects. In this case the steric component of the polymeric repulsion is supported by the decrease of the driving force of the heterocoagulation (hydrophilization of all hydrophobic interfaces). For this reason combinations of several antiredeposition agents are often used for mixed fabrics. The performenace of the polymeric agents for polyesters can be characterized by their ability to cause strong effective irreversible hydrophilization effects despite the competitive influences of the residual detergent ingrediences.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Waschprozeß werden ölige Anschmutzungen von textilen Oberflächen abgelöst und dispergiert. Die Flotte soll darüber hinaus das Wideraufziehen (Redeposition) frei schwebender Schmutzanteile auf Textilfasern vermindern. Bei empfohlener Solldosierung eines Waschmittels entfalten Tenside, Komplexbildner, Builder und Zeolithe den größten Teil der erforderlichen Stabilisierungswirkung. Polymere Vergrauungsinhibitoren bewirken nur graduelle zusätzliche Verbesserungen. Mit fortschreitender Unterdosierung nimmt die stabilisierende Tensid-und Builder-Wirkung schnell ab und die Bedeutung polymerer Vergrauungsinhibitoren steigt. Der Wirkungsmechanismus weist ein hohes Maß an Selektivität gegenüber textilen Substraten auf. Auf polarem Gut (z. B. Baumwolle) wird oft mit Erfolg Carboxymethylcellulose eingesetzt. Die Wirkungsweise beruht in diesem Falle weitgehend auf der sterischen Polymerschutzwirkung adsorbierter Schichten. Auf hydrophoberen Polyesterfasern zeigen Celluloseether mit hydrophoben Seitenketten (z. B. Hydroxypropylcellulose) sehr gute Effekte. Dabei wird die sterische Komponente der Polymerschutzwirkung durch Erniedrigung der treibenden Kraft der Heterokoagulation (Hydrophilierung sämtlicher hydrophober Grenzflächen) verstärkt. An Mischgeweben werden daher oft Kombinationen mehrerer Vergrauungsinhibitoren genutzt. Die vergrauungsinhibierende Wirksamkeit polymerer Substanzen für Polyester kann durch deren Fähigkeit, ungeachtet der Konkurrenz mit restlichen Inhaltsstoffen des Waschmittels möglichst starke effektiv irreversible Hydrophilierungseffekte hervorzurufen, charakterisiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of bovine serum albumin onto styrene/acrylic acid copolymer latex (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Bovine serum albumin ; soap-free ; acrylic acid-copolymerized latex ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The adsorbability of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto styrene/acrylic acid copolymer (PS/PAA) latex prepared without emulsifier was investigated as a function of pH and ionic strength. Polystyrene (PS) latex was used as a reference sample. The adsorption isotherms of BSA onto PS/PAA latices showed a stepwise nature. The thickness of the adsorbed BSA monolayer suggested that BSA molecules adsorbed onto PS/PAA2 latex (here, the subscript, i. e., 2, represents the mol % of acrylic acid used in copolymerization) in a “side-on” mode near the isoelectric point (IEP) of this protein. However, in the case of PS/PAA5 latex, a portion of the BSA molecules probably adsorbed in a “loop” or an “end-on” mode. The amount of BSA adsorbed onto PS/PAA latices greatly depended on pH and ionic strength; its value showed a maximum in the neighborhood of the IEP of BSA as in PS latex. The amount adsorbed onto PS/PAA latices except in the alkaline pH region was greater than that onto PS latex. Moreover, the amount adsorbed onto PS/PAA5 latex was greater than that onto PS/PAA2 latex. Both these results are probably attributed to hydrogen bonding between BSA molecule and PS/PAA latex. It was found that the adsorbability of BSA especially at a high ionic strength greatly depended on the surface properties of polymer latices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412788
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small angle neutron scattering studies on non-aqueous dispersions of calcium carbonate (1984)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 648-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: adsorption ; calcium carbonate ; neutron scattering ; nonaqueous dispersions ; surface active agent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Colloidal dispersions of calcium carbonate in toluene, with the particles stabilised by an alkyl aryl sulphonic acid, have been examined by small angle neutron scattering. On the basis of the assumption that the adsorbed layer of stabilising surface active agent formed a concentric shell around a spherical calcium carbonate core particle, a method was developed to determine both the radius of the core particle and the thickness of the adsorbed layer. For the two series of particles examined the calcium carbonate core particles were found to have radii of 22 and 67 å respectively and in both cases the adsorbed layer thickness was found to be 19.0±1 å. The method provides a means of obtaining adsorbed layer thicknesses under conditions where particle and layer cannot be separated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01452457
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the amphiprotic nature of human hair keratin on the adsorption of high charge density cationic polyelectrolytes (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 847-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Keratin fibers ; adsorption ; cationic polyelectrolytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption of the cationic polymers poly(methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) (PMAPTAC) and poly(1,1-dimethylpiperidinium-3,5-diallylmethylene chloride) (PDMPDAMC) on human hair was studied by measurements of the amount of polymer adsorbed and by the streaming potential method. Results reflect the amphoteric nature of the keratin surface and show that the excess of anionic sites at pH values above 4 is the main driving force for the adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes. Lowering the pH below 4 or addition of neutral salt (KCl) reduces the amount of adsorbed polymer. It was shown that the adsorption of cationic polymer in the concentration range 0.01 to 0.1 % and at neutral pH reverses the overall character of the surface from anionic to cationic. Keratin fibers modified in this manner do not exhibit amphoteric character and bear excess positive charge in the pH range 2–9.5. The value of the amount of the polymer adsorbed at saturation concentration (∼2 mg/g) as well as the lack of molecular weight effect in the range (5 · 104 − 106) on the amount of polymer adsorbed suggest that polymer chains adopt a rather extended conformation on the fiber surface. Some data concerning the formation of a complex between adsorbed cationic polymer and anionic detergents or polyelectrolytes are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412964
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An adsorption effect on the gel strength of dilute gelatin-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 933-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Gelatin ; emulsion ; gel ; shear modulus ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The incorporation of emulsion oil droplets into a gelatin gel leads to an initial increase in shear modulus at 25 °C for a gelatin concentration of 8 wt % but an initialdecrease for a concentration of 5 wt %. The latter result is consistent with a net lowering of the gelatin concentration available for gelation in the aqueous phase due to adsorption at the oil-water interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01469632
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigating the kinetics of the adsorption process of polyamideamine on cellulose (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 720-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Kinetics ; adsorption ; cellulose ; polyamideamine ; exponential kinetic equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The kinetic dependences have been investigated of the adsorption process of polyamideamine on monocarboxyl cellulose, bleached sulphate cellulose pulp of softwood and bleached sulphite cellulose pulp of hardwood. It has been found that the process kinetics can be described by means of the Elovich-Tyomkin exponential kinetic equation; the influence of the entropy factors plays a decisive role in changing the process speed; the activation energy is of the order of 6.5–8.0 kJ/mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422853
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyoxyethylene di-phosphonates as dispersing agents (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 105 (1997), S. 6-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Colloidal aqueous suspensions ; adsorption ; rheology ; polyethylene oxide ; phosphonate ; calcium carbonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract New polymeric dispersing agents designed to stabilize and lower the viscosity of aqueous mineral suspensions have been synthesized and studied. These dispersants are made of a non-ionic hydrosoluble polymer (polyethylene oxide) with a functional group (diphosphonate) having a strong affinity for the mineral surfaces attached at one end of the macromolecular chains. This molecular architecture allows a brush-like adsorption at the solid surface which differs from conventional homopolymer dispersants such as polyacrylates. The adsorption of these dispersants onto calcium carbonate as a model mineral and the rheological behavior of concentrated aqueous colloidal dispersions of CaCO3 particles were studied. Strong adsorption by the polymer chain-end provides an enhanced colloidal stability of the suspensions of CaCO3 particles. The addition of the dispersing polymer causes a deaggregation of the initially flocculated CaCO3 particles, which results in a drastic reduction of the viscosity of the concentrated suspensions. Thus, the viscosity of a 20 wt% CaCO3 suspension in water at pH=11 is lowered to 2 mPa s upon the addition of a low concentration of polymer. Comparison with polyacrylate dispersants shows the advantages of such a diblock macromolecular structure with a non-ionic polymeric part at high solid contents and high ionic strengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188916
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of thermally synthesized polyaspartate (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 2 (1994), S. 225-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polyanion ; dispersant ; detergent ; poly(acrylic acid) ; adsorption ; 14C-polyaspartate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polyaspartate synthesized using thermal methods (thermal polyaspartate; TPA) has been shown to have dispersant and crystallization inhibition activities. These activities suggest that the polymer may be used in water treatment and paper processing and as a detergent and paint additive. The commercial potential for TPA is enhanced by the fact that it may be synthesized on a large scale. Therefore, a study of the biodegradation of the polymer was undertaken. TPA was produced by hydrolysis of a polysuccinimide synthesized by dry thermal polymerization of aspartic acid. The resulting polymer was a poly(α,β-dl-aspartate) having a 70% β structure and containing a racemic mixture of aspartic acid. TPA was incubated with both dilute effluent and activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. Low-biomass effluent experiments showed changes in molecular size of TPA concomitant with oxygen demand induced by the polymer, suggesting susceptibility of TPA to at least partial biodegradation. Low-biomass sludge experiments (SCAS, modified Sturm) yielded approximately 70% mineralization of 20 mg L−1 TPA by 28 days, suggesting that a significant portion of the polymer was labile. High-biomass sludge experiments using14C-TPA at 1 mg L−1 revealed approximately 30% mineralization and 95% total removal of TPA carbon from solution in 23 days, with most of the mineralization and removal taking place in less than 5 days. Additional short-term studies using a variety of particulate substrates, including activated sludge, confirmed that TPA is subject to removal from solution by adsorption. From these studies with labeled TPA, it was concluded that TPA is subject to rapid removal and at least partial degradation in a wastewaster treatment plant. Using gel and thin-layer chromatography, it was determined that at least part of the unmineralized residue from the high biomass assays was polyaspartate. It is speculated that the unusual structure of TPA compared to natural proteins may limit the rate of proteolysis of the polymer and thus its overall degradation rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02071970
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption/Desorption of Polyvinyl Alcohol on Solid Substrates and Relevant Biodegradation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 8 (2000), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polyvinyl alcohol ; biodegradation ; soil, clay ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The rates and extents of absorption and desorption of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) samples on different solid substrates comprising montmorillonite, quartz sand, and farm soil, as well as humic acid mixture are reported. The uptake of PVA by the substrates was analyzed as a function of PVA hydrolysis (72–98%), molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution. Higher adsorption was detected on montmorillonite followed by farm soil, whereas the quartz sand did not display any specific adsorption affinity for the PVA. An increase in the hydrolysis degree of PVA increased the adsorption rate and extent whereas this feature was reversed by an increase in PVA molecular weight. The desorption of PVA samples from the different substrates was performed both under various pH conditions and in the presence of concentrated HF that was used to dissolve the silicon derivatives present in the substrates. Biodegradation experiments carried out in liquid cultures of PVA adsorbed on montmorillonite showed that the mineralization of the adsorbed PVA was much lower than that detected for the nonadsorbed PVA. This investigation suggests that irreversible adsorption of PVA on the clay component occurs in soil, thus substantially inhibiting PVA biodegradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011569920349
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of forest fire and drought on acidity of a base-poor boreal forest stream: similarities between climatic warming and acidic precipitation (1992)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (1992), S. 191-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: fire ; climate change ; boreal forest ; stream ; sulfate ; acidity ; watershed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a boreal forest catchment in the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, wildfire caused an increase in the concentrations of strong acid anions and base cations of the stream. In the naturally base-poor Northwest (NW) Subbasin, a 1980 wildfire caused exports of strong acid anions to increase more than export of base cations, causing a 2.5 fold increase in the acidity of the stream. Mean annual stream pH declined from 5.15 prior to fire to 4.76 two years after fire. Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), calculated as the difference between total base cations and strong acid anions, decreased to 20% of pre-fire values. Sulfate and chloride were the strong acid anions responsible for the decline in ANC, increasing four-fold. While nitrate increased eleven-fold, concentrations were too low to significantly affect ANC. There was a significant correlation between weekly sulfate concentration and base cation concentration (r 2 = 0.83) in the two years after fire. Recovery of ANC was caused by the more rapid decline in concentration of sulfate than by changes in base cations. Drought produced a similar but weaker response than fire, with increased sulfate concentrations and decreased stream pH. Climatic warming that increases drought and fire frequency would have effects that mimic the impacts of acidic precipitation (i.e. higher sulfate concentrations and acidic stream waters). Areas which have higher concentrations of stored S from past acid precipitation or have large areas of peatlands in the watershed may have aggravated losses of S and H+ after drought and fire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004041
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation and sorption properties of polydisperse acrylate polymers (1991)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 2 (1991), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: acrylate ; adsorption ; biodegradation kinetics ; methanogenic consortium ; polyacrylate ; polydisperse ; sand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Polyacrylate (PA), which is widely used in disposable diapers, is synthesized by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylate. During the synthesis, 3–6% of the polyacrylate polymers is not incorporated into the absorbent material, but remains soluble. If the soluble PA is mobilized from a landfill, it could enter the groundwater. Therefore, the biodegradation and adsorption properties of soluble polymers contained in PA are determined in this study. The soluble PA is highly polydisperse, and the fraction tested has a weight-average molecular-weight of 16,700 and a range extending from 103 to 105. Sand-column tracer tests show that about 1% of the polyacrylate is unadsorbed, but the remainder has a retardation factor that averages at least 58. Biodegradation kinetics are determined in completely mixed biofilm reactors having a methanogenic consortium grown on glucose. The polyacrylate fraction, as well as glucose and acrylate, are removed and mineralized to CO2. The Monod parameters for the polyacrylate are: maximum specific rate of substrate utilization = 0.0016 gC/g biomass-day, and half-maximum-rate concentration = 0.79 gC/m3. Although these kinetics are much slower than for glucose and acrylate, significant degradation and mineralization are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124492
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An integrated analysis of sulfur emissions, acid deposition and climate change (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1539-1550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acidification ; air pollution impacts ; climate change ; global change ; integrated modeling ; sulfur deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents one of the first integrated analyses of acidification and climate change on a geographically-detailed basis, and the first linkage of integrated models for acid deposition (RAINS) and for climate change (IMAGE 2). Emphasis in this paper is on Europe. Trends in driving forces of emissions are used to compute anthropogenic SO2 emissions in 13 world regions. These emissions are translated into regional patterns of sulfur deposition in Europe and global patterns of sulfate aerosols using source-receptor matrices. Changes in climate are then computed based on changes in sulfate and greenhouse gases. Finally, we compute ecosystem areas affected by acid deposition and climate change based on exceedances of critical loads and changes in potential vegetation. Using this framework, information from global and regional integrated models can be used to link sulfur emissions with both their global and regional consequences. Preliminary calculations indicate that the size of European area affected by climate change in 2100 (58%) will be about the same as that affected by acid deposition in 1990. By the mid 21st century, about 14% of Europe's area may be affected by both acid deposition and climate change. Also, reducing sulfur emissions in Europe will have both the desirable impact of reducing the area affected by acid deposition, and the undesirable impact of enhancing climate warming in Europe and thus increasing the area affected by climate change. However, for the scenarios in this paper, the desirable impact of reducing sulfur emissions greatly outweighs its undesirable impact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477200
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of S, N, and C on the oxidation of Ni-20%Cr and Fe-20%Cr (1997)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 47 (1997), S. 495-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: chromia-forming alloys ; nonmetallic-element effects ; segregation ; adsorption ; surface compounds ; nucleation ; oxide grain boundaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of S, N, and C on the oxidation of Ni 20%Cr and Fe-20%Cr was investigated by two approaches (i) using AES and LEED following oxide nucleation and growth under UHV conditions and (ii) by thermogravimetry and subsequent SEM analysis, under conditions where only adsorption/segregation of these elements and congregation of Cr occurred. Sulfur retards nucleation, inhibits lateral growth, and leads to a coarse-grained oxide with a wide network of ridges at the grain boundaries—the growth rate decreases with increasing sulfur activity. Nitrogen and carbon or rather the cosegregated Cr promote the nucleation of C2O3, which leads to many grains and grain boundaries in the oxide layer, accelerated growth and a sponge-like morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02134788
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulation of boundary lubricated interfaces (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of computer-aided materials design 6 (1999), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4900
    Keywords: adsorption ; friction ; lubrication ; tribological system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A molecular dynamics simulation study of friction in boundary lubrication was conducted in order to investigate the atomic-scale behavior of lubricant molecules during sliding motion. The simulated system consisted of two silicon (001) semi-infinite substrates lubricated by a three-layer film of dodecane. Silicon was modeled using the Stillinger–Weber potential, and the dodecane with the Consistent Force Field function; a novel scheme was used to generate the silicon–dodecane interaction potentials. The simulations show that dodecane molecules strongly prefer to adsorb into the ledges on the silicon surface. The orientation of the adsorbed molecules depends, however, on the concentration of the lubricant at the surface, showing a tendency to stand up at high lubricant concentrations. In sliding, the dodecane layers adsorbed on the surfaces behave as a solid, whereas the middle layer exhibits liquid-like characteristics. The friction coefficient of this well-lubricated case was calculated to be 0.08.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008658828194
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of NiO electrical conductivity changes under low oxygen pressures (1978)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: NiO ; electrical conductivity ; adsorption ; gas-solid equilibria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The electrical conductivity of NiO was measured at 740°C in an oxygen pressure range of 10−2 −1.3 Torr. By means of continuous recording, longtime experiments were performed. The results show that for any admittance of oxygen, the electrical conductivity initially increased and then decreased to its initial value. For pressures higher than 0.1 Torr the decrease of the signal was reduced and the time required to attain the initial value sometimes reached several days. These results suggest that the electrical conductivity changes may be considered as a transitory phenomenon connected to attaining gassolid equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00740259
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfur in chromia (1993)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 39 (1993), S. 353-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Sulfur ; chromia ; tracer ; sulfur solubility ; adsorption ; pores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The solubility of sulfur in chromia has been studied in H2-H2O-H2S tagged with35S at 973 and 1173 K at low oxygen and sulfur partial pressures typical for coal gasification-systems. For monocrystalline samples, it has been shown that sulfur-containing species are only present adsorbed on the surface of the specimens and can be removed by ultrasonic cleaning in acetone. The surface coverage after 4 weeks of exposure to H2-H2O-H2S was between 2.8 and 19.3% of a monolayer. In polycrystalline chromia, sulfur was located only in pores and cracks of the sample. In dense, compact areas of the specimens the solubility of sulfur was below the detection limit of autoradiography, which was estimated to be better than 0.17 ppm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00664661
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing Effects of Mitigation Strategies for Global Climate Change with an Intertemporal Model of the U.S. Forest and Agriculture Sectors (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 9 (1997), S. 259-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: afforestation ; climate change ; intersectoral ; land-use change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A model of product and land markets in U.S. forest and agricultural sectors is used to examine the private forest management, land use, and market implications of carbon sequestration policies implemented in a" least social cost" fashion. Results suggest: policy-induced land use changes may generate compensating land use shifts through markets; land use shifts to meet policy targets need not be permanent; implementation of land use and management changes in a smooth or regular fashion over time may not be optimal; and primary forms of adjustment to meet carbon policy targets involve shifting of land from agriculture to forest and more intensive forest management in combinations varying with the policy target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026409105660
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing effects of mitigation strategies for global climate change with an intertemporal model of the U.S. forest and agriculture sectors (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 9 (1997), S. 259-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: afforestation ; climate change ; intersectoral ; land-use change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A model of product and land markets in U.S. forest and agricultural sectors is used to examine the private forest management, land use, and market implications of carbon sequestration policies implemented in a “least social cost” fashion. Results suggest: policy-induced land use changes may generate compensating land use shifts through markets; land use shifts to meet policy targets need not be permanent; implementation of land use and management changes in a smooth or regular fashion over time may not be optimal; and primary forms of adjustment to meet carbon policy targets involve shifting of land from agriculture to forest and more intensive forest management in combinations varying with the policy target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441399
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global climate change and regional sustainable development: the case of Mackenzie Basin in Canada (2000)
    Springer
    Integrated assessment 1 (2000), S. 21-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1545
    Keywords: integrated assessment ; climate change ; regional sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Cohen et al. [16] suggest that in order to explore ways to bring climate change (CC) and sustainable development (SD) research together, it is necessary to develop more heuristic tools that can involve resource users and other stakeholders. In this respect, this paper focuses on methodological development in research to study climate change impacts and regional sustainable development (RSD). It starts with an introduction of an integrated land assessment framework (ILAF) which is part of the integrated phase of the Mackenzie Basin Impact Study (MBIS) in Canada. The paper then provides some articulation on how the integrated approach was applied in the Mackenzie Basin to show implications of climate change for RSD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019167412598
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal greenhouse gas emissions under various assessments of climate change ambiguity (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 8 (1996), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: climate change ; ambiguity ; optimal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The probabilities associated with global warming damage are likely to be continuously revised in the light of new information. Such revisions of probability are the defining characteristic of ambiguity, as opposed to risk. This paper examines how climate change ambiguity may affect optimal greenhouse gas emission strategies, via the decision maker's attitude towards anticipated changes of damage probabilities. Two conceptualizations of ambiguity are distinguished, according to the emphasis placed on the ambiguity of priors or on the ambiguity of news, respectively. It is shown that the way in which ambiguity is viewed and the attitude taken towards it have a substantial influence on the optimal emission trajectory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357360
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Models at the interface between science and society: impacts and options (2000)
    Springer
    Integrated assessment 1 (2000), S. 267-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1545
    Keywords: participatory integrated assessment ; climate change ; low energy society
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Within the CLEAR project a new approach to integrated assessment modelling has been developed for the participatory integrated assessment of regional climate change involving citizens' focus groups. The climate change decision problem was structured by focusing separately on climate impacts and mitigation options. The attempt was made to link the different scales of the problem from the individual to the global level. The abstract topic of climate change was related to options on the level of a citizen's individual lifestyle. The option of a low energy society was emphasised in order to embed the climate change decision problem in a wider range of societal concerns. Special emphasis was given to the characterisation and communication of uncertainties. The chosen approach allows different kinds of uncertainties in one framework to be addressed. The paper concludes with a summary of the experience made, and recommendations for the use of models in participatory integrated assessments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018927120883
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural climate variability and climate change in the North-Atlantic European region; chance for surprise? (2000)
    Springer
    Integrated assessment 1 (2000), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1545
    Keywords: CLEAR ; natural climate variability ; climate change ; atmosphere ; ocean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Long-term variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic thermohaline ocean circulation (THC) are both shaping the European climate on time scales of decades and longer. Possible linear and non-linear changes in the characteristics of these natural climate modes due to global warming are an important source of uncertainty in long-term regional projections of future climate changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018908027243
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing alpine plant vulnerability to climate change: a modeling perspective (2000)
    Springer
    Integrated assessment 1 (2000), S. 307-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1545
    Keywords: climate change ; ecological impact assessment ; alpine and subalpine belts ; plant distribution ; statistical modeling ; local scale ; GIS ; GLM ; Swiss Alps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The potential ecological impact of ongoing climate change has been much discussed. High mountain ecosystems were identified early on as potentially very sensitive areas. Scenarios of upward species movement and vegetation shift are commonly discussed in the literature. Mountains being characteristically conic in shape, impact scenarios usually assume that a smaller surface area will be available as species move up. However, as the frequency distribution of additional physiographic factors (e.g., slope angle) changes with increasing elevation (e.g., with few gentle slopes available at higher elevation), species migrating upslope may encounter increasingly unsuitable conditions. As a result, many species could suffer severe reduction of their habitat surface, which could in turn affect patterns of biodiversity. In this paper, results from static plant distribution modeling are used to derive climate change impact scenarios in a high mountain environment. Models are adjusted with presence/absence of species. Environmental predictors used are: annual mean air temperature, slope, indices of topographic position, geology, rock cover, modeled permafrost and several indices of solar radiation and snow cover duration. Potential Habitat Distribution maps were drawn for 62 higher plant species, from which three separate climate change impact scenarios were derived. These scenarios show a great range of response, depending on the species and the degree of warming. Alpine species would be at greatest risk of local extinction, whereas species with a large elevation range would run the lowest risk. Limitations of the models and scenarios are further discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018912114948
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factor biases and promoting sustainable development: Adaptation to drought in the Senegal River Basin (1996)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1996), S. 139-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: Adaptation ; agriculture ; agroforestry ; climate change ; drought ; ecological degradation ; factor bias ; Senegal ; sustainability ; social relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The ongoing drought in the Sahel region of West Africa highlights the vulnerability of food-producing systems to climate change and variability. Adaptation to climate should therefore increase the sustainability of agriculture under a long-term drought. Progress towards sustainability and adaptation in the the Senegal River Basin is hampered by an existing set of social and ecological relationships that define the control over the means of production and how people interact with their environment. These relationships are sensitive to the technological inputs and the administration of food production, or the factor bias in the different policy alternatives for rural development. One option is based on state-controlled, irrigated plantations to provide rice (Oryza) for the capital, Dakar. This policy emphasizes a top-down management approach, mechanized agriculture and a reliance on external inputs which strengthens the relationships introduced during the colonial period. A time series decomposition of the annual flow in the Senegal River at Bakel in Senegal suggests that water resources availability has been substantially curtailed since 1960, and a review of the water resources budget or availability in the basin suggests that this policy's food production system is not sustainable under the current climate of the basin. Under these conditions, this program is exacerbating existing problems of landscape degradation and desertification, which increases rural poverty. A natural resource management policy offers two adaptation strategies that favour decentralized management and a reduction of external inputs. The first alternative, “Les Perimetres Irrigués”, emphasizes village-scale irrigation, low water consumption cereal crops and traditional socio-political structures. The second alternative emphasizes farm-level irrigation and agro-forestry projects to redress the primary effects of desertification. The water requirements of both the rice import substitution program and the natural resource management program are calculated. A water resources simulation model/optimization analysis using dynamic programming is used to compare these two alternatives to the rice import substitution programs. Results indicate that the natural resource management policy could potentially bring a large area into production while using far less water than the rice import substitution program. The natural resource management policy, in particular the second alternative with its emphasis on individual ownership and ecological rehabiliation, defines a different set of social and ecological relationships that appear to enhance the sustainability of food production under a long-term drought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455057
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adapting to Climate Change in Africa (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2 (1997), S. 19-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: adaptation ; Africa ; agriculture ; climate change ; vulnerability ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The intersection of present vulnerability and the prospect of climate change in Africa warrants proactive action now to reduce the risk of large-scale, adverse impacts. The process of planning adaptive strategies requires a systematic evaluation of priorities and constraints, and the involvement of stakeholders. An overview of climate change in Africa and case studies of impacts for agriculture and water underlie discussion of a typology of adaptive responses that may be most effective for different stakeholders. The most effective strategies are likely to be to reduce present vulnerability and to enhance a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, resource and economic perturbations. In some cases, such as design of water systems, an added risk factor should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000004663.31074.64
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adapting to climate change in Africa (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2 (1997), S. 19-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: adaptation ; Africa ; agriculture ; climate change ; vulnerability ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The intersection of present vulnerability and the prospect of climate change in Africa warrants proactive action now to reduce the risk of large-scale, adverse impacts. The process of planning adaptive strategies requires a systematic evaluation of priorities and constraints, and the involvement of stakeholders. An overview of climate change in Africa and case studies of impacts for agriculture and water underlie discussion of a typology of adaptive responses that may be most effective for different stakeholders. The most effective strategies are likely to be to reduce present vulnerability and to enhance a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, resource and economic perturbations. In some cases, such as design of water systems, an added risk factor should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02437055
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Integrated Assessment of Climate Change and the Accelerated Introduction of Advanced Energy Technologies - An Application of MiniCAM 1.0 (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 311-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: climate change ; CO2 ; carbondioxide ; integrated assessment ; MiniCAM ; LEESS ; top down ; bottom up ; sulfor ; energy ; emissions mitigation ; energy technology ; advanced energy technologies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract We report results from the application of an integrated assessment model, MiniCAM 1.0. The model is employed to explore the full range of climate change implications of the successful development of cost effective, advanced, energy technologies. These technologies are shown to have a profound effect on the future magnitude and rate of anthropogenic climate change. We find that the introduction of assumptions developed by a group of ‘bottom-up’ modelers for the LEESS scenarios into a ‘top-down’ model, the Edmonds-Reilly-Barns Model, leads to ‘top down’ emissions trajectories similar to those of the LEESS. The cumulative effect of advanced energy technologies is to reduce annual emissions from fossil fuel use to levels which stabilize atmospheric concentrations below 550 ppmv. While all energy technologies play roles, the introduction of advanced biomass energy production technology is particularly important. The consideration of all greenhouse related anthropogenic emissions, and in particular sulfur dioxide, is found to be important. We find that the consideration of sulfur dioxide emissions coupled to rapid reductions in carbon dioxide emissions leads to higher global mean temperatures prior to 2050 than in the reference case. This result is due to the short-term cooling impact of sulfate aerosols, which dominates the long-term warming impact of CO2 and CH4 in the years prior to 2050. We also show that damage calculations which use only mean global temperature and income may be underestimating damages by up to a factor of five. Disaggregating income reduces this to a factor of two, still a major error. Finally, the role of the discount rate is shown to be extraordinarily important to technology preference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000027386.34214.60
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulating the carbon flux between the terrestrial environment and the atmosphere (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 76 (1994), S. 199-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: climate change ; biogeophysical feedbacks ; geographically explicit global C cycle model ; CO2 fertilization ; soil respiration ; land cover change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A Terrestrial C Cycle model that is incorporated in the Integrated Model to Assess the Greenhouse Effect (IMAGE 2.0) is described. The model is a geographically explicit implementation of a model that simulates the major C fluxes in different compartments of the terrestrial biosphere and between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Climatic parameters, land cover and atmospheric C concentrations determine the result of the dynamic C simulations. The impact of changing land cover patterns, caused by anthropogenic activities (shifting agriculture, de- and afforestation) and climatic change are modeled implicitly. Feedback processes such as CO2 fertilization and temperature effects on photosynthesis, respiration and decomposition are modeled explicitly. The major innovation of this approach is that the consequences of climate change are taken into account instantly and that their results can be quantified on a global medium-resolution grid. The objectives of this paper are to describe the C cycle model in detail, present the linkages with other parts of the IMAGE 2.0 framework, and give an array of different simulations to validate and test the robustness of this modeling approach. The computed global net primary production (NPP) for the terrestrial biosphere in 1990 was 60.6 Gt C a−1, with a global net ecosystem production (NEP) of 2.4 Gt C a−1. The simulated C flux as result from land cover changes was 1.1 Gt C a−1, so that the terrestrial biosphere in 1990 acted as a C sink of 1.3 Gt C a−1. Global phytomass amounted 567.5 Gt C and the dead biomass pool was 1517.7 Gt C. IMAGE 2.0 simulated for the period 1970–2050 a global average temperature increase of 1.6 °C and a global average precipitation increase of 0.1 mm/day. The CO2 concentration in 2050 was 522.2 ppm. The computed NPP for the year 2050 is 82.5 Gt C a−1, with a NEP of 8.1 Gt C a−1. Projected land cover changes result in a C flux of 0.9 Gt C a−1, so that the terrestrial biosphere will be a strong sink of 7.2 Gt C a−1. The amount of phytomass hardly changed (600.7 Gt C) but the distribution over the different regions had. Dead biomass increased significantly to 1667.2 Gt C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478340
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the use of principal components analysis to relate air and precipitation chemistry to climate (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1569-1574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: synoptic circulation ; principal components analysis ; air pollution ; climate change ; classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A classification of atmospheric circulation was derived using principal components analysis (PCA) of daily sea level pressure over a 10 year period. Correlation coefficients of up to 0.65 were obtained between the individual principal component loadings and monthly means of gas and precipitation ion concentrations for a Scottish and a Norwegian station from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) network. The mean synoptic patterns of months predicted to have high or low gas and ion concentrations from their component loadings agreed well with previous work. High concentrations occur frequently with southerly flow or anticyclonic conditions, and low concentrations with westerly and northwesterly flow. We conclude that the PCA classification is a sensible method to use to derive circulation pattern-pollutant relationships, and is an encouraging first step to use the general circulation model (GCM) projections of future climate to assess possible future air/precipitation composition patterns
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477204
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the global society-biosphere-climate system: Part 1: Model description and testing (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 76 (1994), S. 1-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: integrated modeling ; integrated assessment ; greenhouse gas emissions ; global change ; climate change ; land cover change ; C cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the IMAGE 2.0 model, a multi-disciplinary, integrated model designed to simulate the dynamics of the global society-biosphere-climate system. The objectives of the model are to investigate linkages and feedbacks in the system, and to evaluate consequences of climate policies. Dynamic calculations are performed to year 2100, with a spatial scale ranging from grid (0.5°×0.5° latitudelongitude) to world regional level, depending on the sub-model. The model consists of three fully linked sub-systems: Energy-Industry, Terrestrial Environment, and Atmosphere-Ocean. The Energy-Industry models compute the emissions of greenhouse gases in 13 world regions as a function of energy consumption and industrial production. End use energy consumption is computed from various economic/demographic driving forces. The Terrestrial Environment models simulate the changes in global land cover on a gridscale based on climatic and economic factors, and the flux of CO2 and other greenhouse gases from the biosphere to the atmosphere. The Atmosphere-Ocean models compute the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the resulting zonal-average temperature and precipitation patterns. The fully linked model has been tested against data from 1970 to 1990, and after calibration can reproduce the following observed trends: regional energy consumption and energy-related emissions, terrestrial flux of CO2 and emissions of greenhouse gases, concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and transformation of land cover. The model can also simulate long term zonal average surface and vertical temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478335
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the global society-biosphere-climate system: Part 2: Computed scenarios (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 76 (1994), S. 37-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: climate change ; global change ; integrated assessment ; integrated models ; scenario analysis ; carbon cycle ; biofuels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents scenarios computed with IMAGE 2.0, an integrated model of the global environment and climate change. Results are presented for selected aspects of the society-biosphere-climate system including primary energy consumption, emissions of various greenhouse gases, atmospheric concentrations of gases, temperature, precipitation, land cover and other indicators. Included are a “Conventional Wisdom” scenario, and three variations of this scenario: (i) the Conventional Wisdom scenario is a reference case which is partly based on the input assumptions of the IPCC's IS92a scenario; (ii) the “Biofuel Crops” scenario assumes that most biofuels will be derived from new cropland; (iii) the “No Biofuels” scenario examines the sensitivity of the system to the use of biofuels; and (iv) the “Ocean Realignment” scenario investigates the effect of a large-scale change in ocean circulation on the biosphere and climate. Results of the biofuel scenarios illustrate the importance of examining the impact of biofuels on the full range of greenhouse gases, rather than only CO2. These scenarios also indicate possible side effects of the land requirements for energy crops. The Ocean Realignment scenario shows that an unexpected, low probability event can both enhance the build-up of greenhouse gases, and at the same time cause a temporary cooling of surface air temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere. However, warming of the atmosphere is only delayed, not avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478336
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model for calculating regional energy use, industrial production and greenhouse gas emissions for evaluating global climate scenarios (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 76 (1994), S. 79-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: energy modeling ; greenhouse gas emissions ; climate change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In the integrated IMAGE 2.0 model the “Energy-Industry System” is implemented as a set of models to develop global scenarios for energy use and industrial processes and for the related emissions of greenhouse gases on a region specific basis. The Energy-Economy model computes total energy use, with a focus on final energy consumption in end-use sectors, based on economic activity levels and the energy conservation potential (“end-use approach”). The Industrial Production and Consumption model computes the future levels of activities other than energy use, which lead to greenhouse gas emissions, based on relations with activities defined in the Energy-Economy model. These two models are complemented by two emissions models, to compute the associated emissions by using emission factors per compound and per activity defined. For investigating energy conservation and emissions control strategy scenarios various techno-economic coefficients in the model can be modified. In this paper the methodology and implementation of the “Energy-Industry System” models is described as well as results from their testing against data for the period 1970–1990. In addition, the application of the models is presented for a specific scenario calculation. Future extensions of the models are in preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478337
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulating changes in global land cover as affected by economic and climatic factors (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 76 (1994), S. 163-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: land cover ; land use ; agricultural demand ; climate change ; global change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes two global models: (1) an Agricultural Demand Model which is used to compute the consumption and demand for commodities that define land use in 13 world regions; and, (2) a Land Cover Model, which simulates changes in land cover on a global terrestrial grid (0.5° latitude by 0.5° longitude) resulting from economic and climatic factors. Both are part of the IMAGE 2.0 model of global climate change. The models have been calibrated and tested with regional data from 1970–1990. The Agricultural Demand Model can approximate the observed trend in commodity consumption and the Land Cover Model simulates the total amount of land converted within 13 world regions during this period. Some degree of the spatial variability of deforestation has also been captured by the simulation. Applying the model to a “Conventional Wisdom” scenario showed that future trends of land conversions could be strikingly different on different continents even though a consistent scenario (IS92a from the IPCC) was used for assumptions about economic growth and population. Sensitivity analysis indicated that future land cover patterns are especially sensitive to assumed technological improvements in crop yield and computed changes in agricultural demand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478339
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive adsorption phenomena adsorption phenomena of petrochemicals — benzene, toluene, and xylene in hexane in fixed-beds of sands (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 95 (1997), S. 221-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: petrochemicals ; adsorption ; soil ; multi-components ; fixed-column-reactor ; experiment ; breakthrough
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Present-day massive exploration, extraction, transport, and use of petrochemicals pose a real threat of continuous or occasional accidental contamination of precious groundwater. However, the knowledge of the pathways and mechanisms involved in the transport, retention, and degradation of such chemicals once they are within the soil matrix is very limited. One of the important means of petrochemical retention in the soil is through the process of chemical adsorption onto the soil. An investigation was conducted to observe the adsorption phenomena of several components of petrochemicals (benzene, toluene, and xylene) solved in hexane utilizing the columnar continuous plug-flow configuration of a fixed bed of sands. Three types of soils were investigated for the time variation of the adsorption of the organic chemicals. The results are the indicative values of the adsoption of the principal components of petrochemicals in paacked-soil-bed subjected to tortuous seepage flow conditions of the fluids. The adsorption results are presented in the form of breakthrough curves. The paper includes the analytical methodology of UV spectroscopy which was utilized to measure the concentrations of various chemical components of the petrochemical mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406167
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of snowmelt hydrology to climate change (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 90 (1996), S. 335-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: snowmelt ; runoff ; net radiation ; snow cover ; climate change ; water supply
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In mountainous regions where the accumulation and melt of seasonal snow cover are important for runoff production, the timing and quantity of water supply could be strongly affected by regional climate change, particularly altered temperature and precipitation regimes.In this paper, the hydrological response to climate change scenarios is examined using a semi-distributed snowmelt runoff model. The model represents an improvement over simple temperature-based models, in that it incorporates the net radiation into the snowpack. Thus it takes into account the basin's topography and slope orientation when computing snowmelt. In general, a warmer climate is expected to shift snowmelt earlier into the winter and spring, decreasing summer runoff. The effects of other potential climate changes (such as precipitation and cloudiness patterns) are explored. The uncertainties in these predictions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619293
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation of the surfactants na-dodecylbenzenesulfonate and dodecylpyridinium-chloride as affected by humic substances (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: adsorption ; dodecylpyridinium-chloride (LPC) ; humic substances ; Na-dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) ; photochemistry ; photolytic degradation ; reaction mechanism ; surfactants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Surfactants account for a great proportion of organic xenobiotica released into the environment by anthropogenic action. In natural waters and sewage sludge they can be removed from solution by different reactions, including adsorption to solid phases, biodegradation and abiotic photolytic degradation. In the present investigation we found that photodegradation of Na- dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) was reduced by humic substances by a factor of 2 or more. In contrast, photodegradation of dodecylpyridinium-chloride (LPC) was increased in the presence of humic substances by a factor of 1.16–1.43. These differences were explained by the strong bonding of LPC but not of LAS to the humics. Photolytic degradation of LAS begins at the aliphatic side chains followed by aromatic ring cleavage. Photodegradation of LPC mainly associated with the humics showed similarity to that of pyridine. The experimental data demonstrate strong effects of photodegradation on the persistence of surfactants and the relevance of humic-surfactants associations for photolytic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02128649
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of climate change on insect defoliator population processes in Canada's boreal forest: Some plausible scenarios (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 82 (1995), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Choristoneura fumiferana (lepidoptera: tortricidae) ; disturbance Regimes ; trophic interactions ; climate change ; boreal forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Insect populations have a substantial impact on Canada's forest. They are a dominating disturbance factor and during outbreaks they can cause tree mortality over vast areas of forest. If the predicted climate changes take effect, the damage patterns caused by insects may be drastically altered, especially for the many insects whose occurrence in time and space is severely limited by climatic factors. This possibility substantially increases the uncertainties associated with the long-term planning of pest control requirements, with hazard rating models, with depletion forecasts, and with projections for the sustainability of future timber supplies. Moreover, because insect damage affects the rates of various processes in nutrient and biogeochemical cycling, potential changes in damage patterns can affect ecosystem resilience. This paper presents a number of plausible scenarios that describe how some key processes in the boreal forest's insect defoliator outbreak systems may respond to climate change. The spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is used as an illustrative case study throughout. The potential importance of phonological synchrony in the dynamical interactions between species is emphasised. It is argued that natural selection may be a particularly important process in the response of insects to climate change and that climate change may already be influencing some insect lifecycles. The importance of threshold effects, rare but extreme events, and transient dynamics is emphasised, and the inadequacy of ‘equilibrium’ models for forest:pest systems noted. We conclude by discussing approaches to developing forecasts of how one of the boreal forest's insect defoliator-based disturbance regimes, as a whole, might respond to climate change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182854
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 49 (1998), S. 111-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: biodiversity ; climate change ; embedded society ; adaptation ; biogenetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005857501171
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forest-Climate Interactions in the Quetico-Superior Ecotone (Northwest Ontario and Northern Minnesota) (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 50 (1998), S. 173-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: boreal forests ; climate change ; ecosystemdynamics ; ecotone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Acute ecological changes in North American boreal forests in this century are attributed to an array of factors including human activities. In the Quetico-Superior Ecotone of Northwest Ontario and Northern Minnesota warmer, drier climate conditions since mid-century have concurred with extensive manipulation of regional forests by fire suppression and clear-cut logging. Predicted effects of climate changes expected for the next century could compete with transformations in these systems over the past ∼ 10 000 yr. The degree of alteration of natural processes and patterns in North American boreal forests requires implementation of realistic strategies to ensure that sufficiently large tracts of these systems maintain their natural integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005736619158
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of Reactive Dye on Chitin (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 59 (1999), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: adsorbent concentration ; adsorbent size ; adsorption ; chitin ; pH ; reactive dye ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The adsorption of reactive dye on chitin has been investigated with a view to obtain the design data for batch processing of effluents for dye adsorption. The effect of several factors governing the dye adsorption such as the adsorbent concentration, adsorbent size, temperature and pH have been elicited. Desorption of the dye at different temperatures and pH have also been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006072119624
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Adsorption of Formaldehyde on Suspended Particles investigated on model systems (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 60 (2000), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: adsorption ; airborne particles ; formaldehyde ; soot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Our laboratory investigation aimed at assessing to what extent suspended particles could adsorb formaldehyde, allowing it, when inhaled, to penetrate deeper into the lung. We used two types of pure soot, N-220 and N-660 (the former being a highly active oil furnace soot with smaller particles and a larger surface area than the latter), because of their chemical inactivity and the adsorptive properties. The results obtained in experimental conditions showed that soot particles could bind 2.3 to 50.2% of formaldehyde, depending on the particle size, relative humidity, amount of particles and the duration of the contact. The recovery of formaldehyde from the particles was also tested. Further investigation is planned under realistic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006123932758
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic parameters for the removal of lead and chromium from wastewater using activated carbon developed from fertilizer waste material (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 1 (1996), S. 281-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: Activated carbon ; lead ; chromium ; adsorption ; adsorbent ; wastewater treatment ; low cost adsorbent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The waste slurry generated in fertilizer plants in India has been converted into a cheap carbonaceous adsorbent material. The prepared adsorbent has been characterised and used for the removal of lead and chromium metals. The kinetics of adsorption and the extent of adsorption at equilibrium are dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the adsorbate, adsorbent and experimental system. Results of laboratory scale studies conducted to delineate the effect of such parameters on the kinetics of adsorption of metal ions are reported. Parameters evaluated include: hydronium ion concentration, temperature, initial adsorbate concentration, size of adsorbent, and amount of adsorbent. On the basis of these studies the various physical parameters such as effective diffusion coefficient, activation energies and entropy of activation are evaluated, as these provide some information regarding the mechanistic aspects. Mass transfer coefficient values suggest a rapid transport of the adsorbate from bulk to solid phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872156
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the representation of impact in integrated assessment models of climate change (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 3 (1998), S. 63-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: climate change ; impact integrated assessment modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The paper provides an overview of attempts to represent climate change impact in over twenty integrated assessment models (IAMs) of climate change. Focusing on policy optimization IAMs, the paper critically compares modeling solutions, discusses alternatives and outlines important areas for improvement. Perhaps the most crucial area of improvement concerns the dynamic representation of impact, where more credible functional forms need to be developed to express time‐dependent damage as a function of changing socio‐economic circumstances, vulnerability, degree of adaptation, and the speed as well as the absolute level of climate change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019050503531
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The personal CO2 calculator: A modeling tool for Participatory Integrated Assessment methods (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 4 (1999), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: Integrated Assessment ; participation ; focus groups ; modeling tools ; climate change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Participatory Integrated Assessment (PIA) is an approach which aims at developing methods which allow to combine evaluations of experts and lay people in the field of Integrated Assessment. Thus, policy recommendations derived from PIA exercises are informed by scientific judgments and by valuations of “non-scientists”. For any PIA methodology the provision of insights, facts and figures about the policy problem at hand is crucial. In this paper we describe a PIA methodology which combines the social science research instrument “focus group” with a specific computer information tool, the “Personal CO2 Calculator” (PCC). The tool supports citizens in discussing and recommending measures on climate change policy. Based on our experiences, we plead for information instruments that are tuned to and assist concrete target groups with their specific interests. This helps that policy recommendations derived from PIA exercises are based on both scientific knowledge as well as citizens' and stakeholders' policy preferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019035527638
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethical issues concerning potential global climate change on food production (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 5 (1992), S. 113-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: climate change ; food ; agriculture ; ethics ; technologies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Burning fossil fuel in the North American continent contributes more to the CO2 global warming problem than in any other continent. The resulting climate changes are expected to alter food production. The overall changes in temperature, moisture, carbon dioxide, insect pests, plant pathogens, and weeds associated with global warming are projected to reduce food production in North America. However, in Africa, the projected slight rise in rainfall is encouraging, especially since Africa already suffers from severe shortages of rainfall. For all regions, a reduction in fossil fuel burning is vital. Adoption of sound ecological resource management, especially soil and water conservation and the prevention of deforestation, is important. Together, these steps will benefit agriculture, the environment, farmers, and society as a whole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966356
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of oxygen on steel (1976)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 10 (1976), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: adsorption ; steel ; oxygen ; Auger spectroscopy ; ellipsometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study of the adsorption of oxygen on steel at room temperature has been performed in an ultra-high-vacuum system with oxygen in the pressure range from 10−9 to 10−4 Torr. Ellipsometry, surface potential difference, and Auger spectroscopy were the surface techniques used. The surface of the steel was cleaned by Cs+ and Ar+ bombardment. The mechanism of the adsorption process is postulated to involve adsorption of molecular oxygen, followed by dissociation and chemisorption of atomic oxygen to form one monolayer. Further adsorption on top of this monolayer is associated with a place-exchange process to produce multilayers of oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614243
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of the Porosity of Pillared Clays by Carbon Deposition II. Hydrocarbon Cracking (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 4 (1997), S. 5-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: pillared clay ; pore size modification ; adsorption ; cracking ; carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract To enhance the adsorption selectivity of pillared clays an attempt is made to modify the initial pore size by a controlled deposition of carbon. Cracking of hydrocarbons in the pores of the pillared clay results in coke deposits which can alter the pore size. Based on the evaluation of the amount of coke, the coke density, the decrease in micropore volume, changes in the micropore size distribution and the acidity it was possible to distinguish between pore-blocking, pore-filling and pore-narrowing effects. The modification mechanisms strongly depend on the initial porous structure, the acidity (Brönsted/Lewis), the cracking conditions (static or flow) and the hydrocarbons used. The carbon deposition results in a decrease in pore volume due to pore-filling (Ti-PILC) and pore-blocking (Al-PILC) without achieving a controlled pore-narrowing but some indications for pore-entrance narrowing were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009663020550
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of porous solids by simplified gas relative permeability measurements (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 2 (1995), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: relative permeability ; pore structure characterisation ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A novel design for the application of a simplified experimental procedure, capable of providing satisfactory relative permeability data for porous media at low relative pressures, is presented. The technique avoids the two-component mixing complications as well as the problems arising from the sample macroscopic inhomogeneity. The latter has been reduced with the aid of a variable pressure compaction procedure. Thus, it becomes easier to utilise the powerful relative permeability technique for the characterisation of the structure of porous solids. Emphasis is given to the combination of the relative permeability data obtained with an analytical approach based on Effective Medium Theory for the calculation of pore connectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00486572
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyses of (AD)-sorption for the estimation of pore-network dimensions and structure (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 2 (1995), S. 191-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: adsorption ; analysis of pore structure ; estimation from sorption pore shape ; from ad-de-sorption surface area ; calculations from sorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interpretation of pore dimensions based on physical ad-desorption analyses is central to the characterization of pore network structure. Several approaches have been proposed and are commonly employed in the analysis of physical adsorption and/or desorption to deduce the dimensions of the porous network. These approaches assume either theoretical (e.g., BET, the Halsey equation as interpreted by Pierce et al., or the more recent analyses of microporosity) or “standard” isotherms as model(s) for the sequential calculations required in estimating the pore network dimensions. Subsequent representation of the pore dimensions and the relationship between these distributions in dimension and other experimental parameters (such as catalytic activity, adsorptivity or transport); thus, depend explicitly on the model employed in the analyses. Each instrument currently available for the measurement of porous solid structure by sorption employs the same specific models for the relationship between the volume ad-desorbed and the dimensions of the porous network that is being characterized. This paper analyzes the interpretation of porous dimensions based on the sequential calculations required in the analyses. A new approach is proposed which is based on a modification to current practices reflecting Halsey's original theory for the thickness of the adsorbed layer (as a function of P/P 0). Further, the calculations of the incremental changes in the exposed surface area are discussed as they relate to pore network structure. A method is proposed to infer the differences in pore shape. Sorption data are analyzed by these new approaches, and these analyses will be compared with those approaches currently employed. Analyses based on these modified approaches provide a dramatically more consistent interpretation of the sorption data and the corresponding pore network structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00488108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear kinetics of oxygen and nitrogen sorption on carbon molecular sieves (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 3 (1996), S. 5-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: carbon molecular sieve ; adsorption ; adsorption kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Equilibrium and kinetics of oxygen and nitrogen sorption in two different carbon molecular sieves (CMS) have been modeled. In both CMS materials, equilibrium characteristics are adequately described by the Langmuir model. However, for kinetics of sorption, one CMS followed classic Fickian diffusion, while the other sample did not. A mathematical model was developed which accurately describes both pure component as well as binary uptakes in both materials. Simple manipulation of the boundary condition of the diffusion process allows the model to accurately predict both Fickian and surface barrier diffusion. All parameters needed to estimate binary uptake rates are obtained from pure component uptakes and isotherms. In addition, the model predicts both pure component and binary diffusion rates with diffusion coefficients which are not concentration dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01135356
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Porous Carbonaceous Sorbents Using High Pressure CO2 Adsorption Data (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 5 (1998), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: activated carbons ; adsorption ; characterization ; Dubinin-Radushkevich ; carbon dioxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide on five different activated carbons from CHEMVIRON CARBON Belgium (Centaur HSV, BPL 410, F30-470, WS 42, Reactivated) and on a carbon molecular sieve from BERGBAU FORSCHUNG Gmbh (CMS II). The temperature is 303 K and the pressure ranges from 100 kPa up to 4000 kPa. Such conditions correspond to relative pressures ranging from 0.01 to 0.5. We also provide, for the same six sorbents, the nitrogen isotherms at 77 K (pressure: 0.001 to 100 kPa, relative pressure: 10-5 to 1). A theoretical treatment based on the Dubinin-Radushkevich and Stoeckli concept is presented and applied to the experimental results in order to obtain the micropore size distribution function (considered as Gaussian) of each sorbent. Using the CO2 data, it is possible to point out important structural differences between the six carbons. The theoretical treatment provides micropore size distribution functions in agreement with what is physically expected. Using N2 data, the structural differences are not so well marked. As a consequence, the structural parameters provided by the theoretical treatment are not reliable: except for the total micropore volume, they fluctuate strongly when changing the relative pressure domain of the used data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009638406224
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of the porosity of pillared clays by carbon deposition. I. Polymer carbonization (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 3 (1996), S. 257-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: pillared clay ; pore size modification ; adsorption ; polymers ; carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In order to use pillared clays (PILC) for selective adsorption, further modifications of the porous structure are necessary. The deposition of carbon residues onto the porous structure of pillared clays by the carbonization of polymers (polyvinylalcohol) was proposed to achieve a controlled modification of the pore size. Ti and Al-pillared clays (calcined and non-calcined) were impregnated with PVA (different grades and different concentrations and subsequently carbonized to form carbon phases. The effect of the carbon deposits on the porosity of Ti- and Al-PILC is discussed in terms of pore-blocking, pore-filling and pore-narrowing. The deposition of carbon using PVA resulted in a complete pore-blocking for Al-PILC and in a narrowing of the pore size distribution for Ti-PILC, without achieving a controlled pore-narrowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01137915
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humidity Sensor Characteristics of Woodceramics (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 4 (1997), S. 277-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: woodceramics ; porous carbon ; adsorption ; humidity sensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The humidity sensor characteristics of Woodceramics were investigated. The Woodceramics used in this experiment were prepared at 650–900°C. The size of specimens selected was 1 × 1 × 10 mm . One was used as-cut and the other was polished. Above 700°C, the resistance of the specimen was below 50 Ω and the decrease of resistance with increasing relative humidity was small. The specimen prepared at 650°C had a resistance of about 1 kΩ. The resistance of as-cut specimens decreased with increase in relative humidity, but that of the polished specimen did not change significantly. The difference between as-cut and polished samples was explained by the differences in surface micro-structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009677306740
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Investigation of Changes in Rainfall and Temperature Regimes of the Ganga Basin in India (1997)
    Springer
    Water resources management 11 (1997), S. 17-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: rainfall regime ; Ganga basin ; weighted regression ; climate change ; trend
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Data from three stations Agra, Dehradun and Dehli, were analyzed for evaluation of changes in rainfall and temperature regimes in the upper and middle parts of the Ganga basin in northern India. Long-term data on monsoon rainfall, the number of rainy days during the monsoon season, and the annual maximum temperature at these stations were included in the analysis. Nonparametric methods were employed to identify trends, if any, in these data. The analysis shows that the total monsoon rainfall and the number of rainy days during the monsoon season are on the decline, whereas the annual maximum temperature is on the rise. These changes are observed to have begun around the second half of the 1960's. The results point towards a possible change in the climatic regime of the Ganga basin that has far-reaching implications for the Indian economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017936123283
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climatic Change Impact on Water Resources in a Systems Perspective (1997)
    Springer
    Water resources management 11 (1997), S. 407-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: climate change ; hydrology ; water management ; water resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Global climate change related to natural and anthropogenic processes has been the topic of concern and interest world wide. Despite ongoing research efforts, the climate predictions cannot be rated any better than speculative or possible scenarios whose probability of occurrence is, at the present stage, impossible to assess. One of the most significant impacts of the ‘greenhouse effect’ is anticipated to be on water resources, including different elements of the hydrologic cycle, water supply and demand, regional vulnerability, and water quality. Thus, the impact of climate change appears to be an additional component on top of the large number of existing water-related problems. The existence of the greenhouse effect, the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, and the rise of corresponding concentrations are things that are certain. However, their impacts on hydrology and water management are highly uncertain. In the latter area, one needs information on much smaller spatial and temporal scales than those used in climate studies. The objective of the present paper is to analyze the climate change impact on water resources in a system's perspective, to discuss scientific gaps, and challenge scientific issues. The role of different scales and uncertainties, as well as the hydrological view of global circulation models are also discussed. Our preparedness for probable global (climate) change is reviewed in terms of assessment, planning, design and adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007984001105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of Hydrological Variables in the Northeast Pond River Watershed, Newfoundland, Canada, Due to Atmospheric Change (1999)
    Springer
    Water resources management 13 (1999), S. 171-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: climate change ; deterministichydrological model ; sub-arctic watershed ; Canada
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Watershed runoff modelling techniques were developed and applied for assessing climatic impacts, and tested for a watershed in the Northeast Pond River basin using atmospheric-change scenarios from a series of hypothetical scenarios. Results of this research strongly suggest that possible changes in temperature and precipitation caused by increases in atmospheric trace-gas concentrations could have major impacts on both the timing and magnitude of runoff and soil moisture in important natural resources areas. Of particular importance are predicted patterns of summer soil-moisture drying that are consistent across the entire range of tested scenarios. The decreases in summer soil moisture range from 10 to 50% for different scenarios. In addition, consistent changes were observed in the timing of runoff – specifically dramatic increases in winter runoff and decreases in summer runoff. These hydrologic results raise the possibility of major environmental and socio-economic difficulties and they will have significant implications for future water-resource planning and management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008194330621
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate Change and Hydrologic Models: A Review of Existing Gaps and Recent Research Developments (1999)
    Springer
    Water resources management 13 (1999), S. 369-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: climate change ; general circulation models ; hydrological models.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Global atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) have been developed to simulate the present climate and used to predict future climatic change. While GCMs demonstrate significant skill at the continental and hemispheric spatial scales and incorporate a large proportion of the complexity of the global system, they are inherently unable to represent local subgrid-scale features and dynamics. The existing gap and the methodologies for narrowing the gap between GCMs' ability and the need of hydrological modelers are reviewed in this paper. Following the discussion of the advantages and deficiencies of various methods, the challenges for future studies of the hydrological impacts of climate change are identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008190900459
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate Change Adaptation in the U.K. Water Industry: Managers' Perceptions of Past Variability and Future Scenarios (2000)
    Springer
    Water resources management 14 (2000), S. 137-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: climate adaptation ; climate change ; droughtmanagement ; England and Wales water supply
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract In this article, the relationship between U.K. watercompanies' perceptions of past climatic extremes andtheir effect on resilience to future climatic changeis explored. Perceptions and activities related topast and future dry periods was investigated throughinterviews with managers at the ten major English andWelsh water supply/sewerage companies, and severalsmaller, water-only companies. Several of thecompanies report that they have observed a trendtowards drier summers in their regions, and a number of companies say that they have observed a changetowards more intensive rainfall of shorter duration. Recent supply measures in a number of regions havebeen aimed at improving storage and distributionrelated to the perceived change in rainfall intensity.A new requirement to incorporate regional climatechange scenarios in future supply assumptions appearsto have had little impact on planning in the region todate. Many water resource planners believe that thescenarios generated are too aggregated and do notencourage a precautionary approach to planning. Somemanagers believe that records of historical droughtconditions, such as experienced in 1933/1934 or 1995/1996,as worst-case scenarios provide a better basis for planning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008114231502
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Midge-and diatom-based palaeosalinity reconstructions for Mahoney Lake, Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 6 (1997), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: Chironanidae ; diatoms ; palaeoclimate ; palaeolimnology ; palaeoecology ; palaeosalinity ; salinity ; postglacial ; climate change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Salinity fluctuations in lakes of semi-arid regions have long been recognised as indicators of palaeoclimatic change, and have provided a valuable line of evidence in palaeo-climatic reconstruction. In the present study, fossil remains of diatoms and midges were used to reconstruct salinity changes at Mahoney Lake from the early postglacial, through the early, mid and late Holocene. A transition from midges typical of a freshwater community (Protanypus, Sergentia, Heterotrissocladius, Cladopelma, Dicrotendipes) during the early postglacial, to those indicative of saline environments (Cricotopus/Orthocladius, Tanypus) occurred in the early Holocene. The midge-inferred salinity values reflected the shift from freshwater (0.031 g/L) immediately after deglaciation, to saline water (2.4 to 55.2 g/L) in subsequent periods. A less saline period was found to have occurred after 1000 yr BP, suggesting a cooler or wetter period. The diatom record indicates similar trends, with freshwater taxa (e.g.,Cyclotella bodanica var. aff.lemanica) dominating near the bottom of the core. Diatom-inferred salinities indicate that saline conditions (about 30 g/L) prevailed throughout subsequent Holocene time, although relatively fresh conditions are indicated following deposition of the Mazama Ash, and from about 1500 yr BP until the present day. Midge and diatom-inferred salinity reconstructions for Mahoney Lake compare favorably with each other, and with climate trends inferred from earlier palynological evidence. The palaeosalinity record thus contributes new data relevant to past climatic conditions, in a region where little data have previously been collected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02449928
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Midge- and diatom-based palaeosalinity reconstructions for Mahoney Lake, Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 6 (1997), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: Chironanidae ; diatoms ; palaeoclimate ; palaeolimnology ; palaeoecology ; palaeosalinity ; salinity ; postglacial ; climate change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Salinity fluctuations in lakes of semi-arid regions have long beenrecognised as indicators of palaeoclimatic change, and have provided avaluable line of evidence in palaeoclimatic reconstruction. In the presentstudy, fossil remains of diatoms and midges were used to reconstructsalinity changes at Mahoney Lake from the early postglacial, through theearly, mid and late Holocene. A transition from midges typical of afreshwater community (Protanypus, Sergentia, Heterotrissocladius,Cladopelma, Dicrotendipes) during the early postglacial, to those indicativeof saline environments (Cricotopus/Orthocladius, Tanypus) occurred in theearly Holocene. The midge-inferred salinity values reflected the shift fromfreshwater (0.031 g/L) immediately after deglaciation, to saline water (2.4to 55.2 g/L) in subsequent periods. A less saline period was found to haveoccurred after 1000 yr BP, suggesting a cooler or wetter period. The diatomrecord indicates similar trends, with freshwater taxa (e.g., Cyclotellabodanica var. aff. lemanica) dominating near the bottom of the core.Diatom-inferred salinities indicate that saline conditions (about 30 g/L)prevailed throughout subsequent Holocene time, although relatively freshconditions are indicated following deposition of the Mazama Ash, and fromabout 1500 yr BP until the present day. Midge and diatom-inferred salinityreconstructions for Mahoney Lake compare favorably with each other, and withclimate trends inferred from earlier palynological evidence. Thepalaeosalinity record thus contributes new data relevant to past climaticconditions, in a region where little data have previously been collected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009056003978
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micropore filling of NO, SO2, NH3, and CO2 onα-FeOOH dispersed activated carbon fibers (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 1018-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: NO ; α-FeOOH ; carbon fiber ; adsorption ; micropore filling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption isotherms of NO, SO2, NH3, and CO2 onα-FeOOH dispersed activated carbon fibers at 303 K were examined to determine the role of surface modification in micropore filling. The parameters on micropore structures were obtained from both nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and benzene adsorption at 303 K; both isotherms were of BDDTI type and gave the same micropore volume. The preoxidation conditions of ACF, prior to the deposition ofα-FeOOH against the NO adsorptivity were examined. The dispersion ofα-FeOOH on ACF was effective in enhancement of micropore filling, irrespective of the adsorbate molecule. We determined the degree of volume filling for each gas by the use of a DR plot. The modified DR plot for an NO gas, of which the critical temperature was much lower than 303 K, was proposed. The degree of volume filling for various gases was correlated with the deviation of each boiling point from 303 K and with the van der Waalsa constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412406
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible flocculation of silica suspensions by water-soluble polymers (1990)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 476-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Silicasuspensions ; polyelectrolytes ; adsorption ; flocculation ; peptization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The possibility to concentrate, then redisperse colloidal suspensions is not only of great theoretical interest, but is also relevant to the industrial process of solid-liquid separation, which must often be followed by a redispersion stage. Up to now, these consecutive operations were unrealizable in the presence of polymers, since flocculation and adsorption were generally considered irreversible in this case. Previous studies have pointed out the occurrence of two main flocculation mechanisms: charge neutralization and interparticle bridging. The use of copolymers makes it possible to take into account these two different mechanisms together. Using this fact we prepared new copolymers of acrylamide with N-vinylimidazole via radical polymerization and characterized them by light scattering, viscometry, potentiometric titrations, and UV studies. One peculiarity of the chosen system is its dependence on pH: actually the degree of neutralization of such cationic polyelectrolytes does vary with pH, especially near the pK value. This paper shows that these copolymers may induce reversible flocculation of negatively charged suspensions, e.g., silica suspensions, by simple pH adjustment. Performances of the system were followed by various physico-chemical methods. The observed results are explained in terms of flocculation mechanisms as a function of pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411007
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamik contact angle II. Investigation of the adsorption mechanism based on the measurement of the preceding contact angles (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 1085-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Wetting ; advancingcontact angle ; surfactant transfer ; amine ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the adsorption layer at the solid/gas interface is characterized, as a function of conditioning concentration, by the measurement of preceding contact angles. The contact angles were determined tensiometrically (plate method) and cinema tographically (capillary rise method) in the system glass or mercury/n-dodecyl ammonium chloride solution/air, respectively. In the dependence of contact angle on concentration, four regions are provable. These regions correlate with the surfactants, which are bound to adsorption in a heteropolar mode or by van der Waals forces of interaction, with the formation of layer-like coverage and with bilayers. Special attention was given to the fact that loosely bound surfactants are transferred from the solid/gas interface to the liquid/gas interface and cause a reduction of the preceding contact angle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01417466
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of phosphate ester dispersants with calcined alumina (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 56-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Alumina ; phosphate ester dispersants ; flow calorimetry ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of two commercially available phosphate ester dispersants with calcined alumina has been investigated using the techniques of flow calorimetry and electrophoresis. Flow calorimetric experiments have shown that these dispersants chemically interact with the surface of calcined alumina. The electrical charging of alumina particles in an iso-octane solution containing a phosphate ester indicates that an acid-base interaction mechanism is operative in this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652303
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological behavior of moderately concentrated silica suspensions in the presence of adsorbed poly(ethylene oxide) (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 196-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Colloid ; polymer ; adsorption ; rheology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption and flocculation properties have been investigated for a well-characterized aqueous system of precipitated nanometric silicabeads in the presence of a high molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide). Particular attention was given to the evolution of these properties with increasing concentration. In addition, the corresponding consequences on the rheological behavior in the homogeneous domains of the phase diagram of the systems were studied. Important rheological effects can actually be obtained with such systems, even at moderate values of the volume fraction of the dispersed phase (5·10−3≦Φ≦5·10−2). According to the adsorption level, the number of particles per macromolecular chain, and the free polymer equilibrium concentration, quite different phenomena were observed such as rheopectic shear-induced gelation, Newtonian flow or thixotropic shear-thinning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658848
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An attempt to describe the plastification of polyvinylchloride in terms of the theory of volume filling of micropores (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 236-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: PVC plastisol ; adsorption ; plastification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The significant phenomenological analogy between physical adsorption from liquid solutions on microporous adsorbents and plastification of PVC has been observed. This justified the use of the solution analog of the adsorption isotherm equations of the theory of volume filling of micropores as being adequate to describe the process of plastification of PVC by the composition of plasticizer and modifying agent. The qualitative agreement between isotherm predicted by model and experimental data allowed to formulate the mechanism of the process of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652362
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of whitening agents on cellulose fibers — Monitored by streaming potential measurements, calorimetry and fluorescence (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 1174-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Cotton fibers ; dye ; adsorption ; calorimetry ; zeta potential ; fluorescence ; degree of whiteness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescent whitening agents (FWA) are used to improve the whiteness of cellulose fabrics. It is well known but not completely understood that the fluorescence decreases (chemical and physical mechanisms of distinguishing) above a certain FWA concentrationc crit. This reduction of fluorescence correlates very well with the alteration of the adsorption process studied by calorimetry and zeta potential measurements. The results obtained by these methods indicate that the adsorption mechanism is different at concentrations below and abovec crit. The reduction of the intensity of fluorescence, the degree of whiteness and the zeta potential are caused by the adsorption of a second layer of fluorescent whitening agents. This second layer reduces the zeta potential due to a shielding effect and reduces the whiteness and fluorescence by a bathochromic shift of the reflection curves. The final effect is a reduction of the total reflection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653086
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of polyacrylic acid on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 548-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polyacrylic acid ; γ-Al2O3 ; mercury surface ; adsorption ; voltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the adsorption of polyacrylic acid (MW=5000) on the hydrophobic mercury surface and on the hydrophilic γ-Al2O3 surface at pH=3–4 in 0.55 M sodium chloride solution was investigated. Measurements of change of the double layer capacitance by phase selective a.c. voltammetry were used for determination of the adsorption of polyacrylic acid on the mercury electrode. The same method was used for the determination of the polyacrylic acid remaining in the solution after the adsorption on hydrophilic particles (γ-Al2O3 particles). The results obtained for adsorption of polyacrylic acid were compared to the results of the adsorption of humic substance of similar molecular weight under similar experimental conditions. The study has shown that polyacrylic acid in acidic solution is strongly adsorbed on the mercury surface, which is comparable to the adsorption of humic substance on the mercury surface. At the same time, the adsorption/deposition of polyacrylic acid on the γ-Al2O3 surface is weaker compared to humic acid, indicating at a smaller degree of interaction of polyacrylic acid with aluminium ions and with hydrophilic surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655230
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of cationic polyelectrolyte onto a model carboxylic latex and the influence of adsorbed polycation on the charge regulation at the latex surface (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 655-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Polyelectrolyte ; adsorption ; latex ; surface charge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Adsorption of a well-characterized cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) onto the surface of a model colloid (monodisperse polystyrene latex with carboxylic functional groups) was studied over a wide range of pH (4–9) and KCl concentration (c s =10-3–0.3 M). The surface charge density of the latex particles with and without adsorbed CPAM was also measured over the same range of electrolyte compositions. The adsorbed amount of CPAM increases with increase in c s and pH. The polyelectrolyte adsorption alters substantially the surface charge density of the latex particles as compared to the polymer-free case. A large overcompensation of the surface charge by the adsorbed polyelectrolyte is established at high c s and low pH. A qualitative explanation of the observed features is put forward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050132
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and molecular motion of poly(ethylene oxide) chains adsorbed on a silica-tethered poly(methyl methacrylate) by the spin label method (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 412-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words poly(ethylene oxide) ; silica-tethered poly(methyl methacrylate) ; adsorption ; spin-label ; molecular motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The spin-label method was used to study the structure and molecular motion of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains adsorbed on a silica-tethered poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Spin-labelled PEO with a narrow molecular weight distribution, having number averaged molecular weight (M N)=6.0×103, was adsorbed on the surface of the silica-tethered PMMA with various grafting ratios in carbon tetrachloride solution at 35 °C. ESR spectra were measured at various temperatures after the samples were completely dried. The ESR spectra are composed of two spectra arising from spin-labels attached to “train” and “tail” segments, which are strongly and weakly interacted with the silica surface, respectively. The fractional amount of the “tail” segments increases extremely with the grafting ratio of PMMA. Molecular mobility of the PEO chains estimated from the temperature dependence of the ESR spectra also decreases significantly with the grafting ratio of PMMA. Structure and molecular motion of the PMMA chains tethered on the silica were also studied using the spin-labelled PMMA. Consequently, parts of the PEO segments penetrate into the PMMA chains and is adsorbed on the silica surface (“train” segments), whereas parts of the PMMA segments protrude from the surface. The other PEO segments are entangled with the tethered PMMA chains (“tail” segments).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050260
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the thermodynamics of adsorption of hydrolyzed modified polyacrylnitrile (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 312-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Cellulose ; thermodynamics ; adsorption ; polyelectrolyte ; hydrolyzed modifiedpolyacrylnitrile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The thermodynamics of adsorption has been studied of hydrolyzed modified polyacrylnitrile (HMP) in water solutions with a concentration ranging from 0.25 g/l to 2.00 g/l on bleached sulphate and unbleached and bleached sulphite celluloses at temperatures of 0, 20, 40, and 60
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01417930
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the collision efficiency approach to flocculation (1989)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Bridgingflocculation ; adsorption ; collisionefficiencyfactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The collision efficiency approach to flocculation is analyzed on the basis of a model describing the probability of aggregation by polymer bridging. The model allows for the effect of the randomness of distribution of polymer over particles as well as the effect of simultaneous coagulation and weak flocculation. It is argued that the collision efficiency approach is applicable to a rather limited range of experimental systems and provides a qualitative understanding rather than a quantitative theory of the relationship between flocculation and adsorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413632
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface activity and mercury flotation in solutions of n-dodecanoic acid and n-dodecylamine (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 260-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Flotation ; adsorption ; carboxylic acid ; amine ; associate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The flotation and adsorption properties of two ionic collectors (n-dodecylamine andn-dodecanoic acid) are compared on the bases of results of mercury flotation in the model flotation apparatus and electrochemical measurements of the double layer capacity. The flotation recovery and the adsorption parameters (standard free enthalpyΔG° A, the interaction coefficient of Frumkin's isotherm, the surface area per molecule) have been determined within the pH range 2.5–12 in solutions of various collector concentrations containing 0.1 N KCl. The maxima of flotation recovery and surface excess have been found at pHs corresponding to pK values for both substances. The influence of the electrolyte on flotation recovery and the gas bubble size distribution dependent upon the pH of the solution is presented forn-dodecanoic acid. The maxima of flotation recovery are involved through the formation of ion-molecule associates (1∶1) as well as an optimum of the bubble size distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414963
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption-entanglement layers in flowing high molecular weight polymer solutions II. The effect of the nature of the surface (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 507-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Flow ; adsorption ; entanglements ; apparent-viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption-entanglement layers are thick, i.e. multimolecular, layers formed at solid surfaces from solutions of high molecular weight polymers in a state of flow. This publication, the second part of a series of four, is concerned with the effect that the chemical nature of the surface has on formation of these layers. It is shown that for the solutions of polyethylene (PE) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) the layers form most readily on carbon surfaces. Further it is shown that in the case of PE, addition of aluminium stearate can prevent formation of the layers along steel surfaces.These and other effects reported in the paper all bear on actual situations encountered in rheological practice and in particular on the measurement of viscosities. It is concluded that the marked dependence of layer formation on the chemical nature and treatment of the surface is responsible for the differences in viscosity measurements featuring in earlier works by different authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422004
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CPS GL 799 (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Illuminationeffect ; adsorption ; diffusion ; cellulosemembrane ; directdye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of illumination on transport of sulfonated bisazo direct dyes, CI Direct Yellow 12, and CI Direct Yellow 4, into a cellulose membrane has been studied at various temperatures. Transport of CI Direct Yellow 12, which exhibits photoinduced reversible trans-cis isomerism in aqueous solution into a cellulose membrane, was influenced by illumination. It is likely that the transport was influenced by transisomerization of the photoisomeric dye and the diffusivity was controlled by surface diffusion rather than by pore diffusion under both light and dark conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654661
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of fish oil and poly(vinylbutyral) onto aluminum oxide particles studied by light scattering (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 1077-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Aluminum oxide ; adsorption ; light scattering ; fish oil ; poly(vinylbutyral)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of added poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) and oxidized Menhaden fish oil (O-FO) on dilute suspensions of Al2O3 in the azeotropic solvent mixture 73/27 Wt.-% trichloroethylene/ethanol were studied by static (SLS) and dynamic light-scattering (DLS). The DLS correlation function consisted of four terms from: 1) interdiffusion of the two solvents, 2) diffusion of Al2O3, 3) diffusion of added O-FO and/or PVB, and 4) an induced velocity of particles through the scattering volume due to “laser pressure.” The amplitude and relaxation time of all terms could be determined. Addition of PVB to the Al2O3 suspension resulted in an increase in particle size corresponding to the adsorption of a monolayer of coils. Addition of O-FO to the Al2O3 suspension did not produce a significant increase in particle size, indicating either no adsorption or a compact conformation of O-FO molecules on the Al2O3 surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654114
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption of binary liquid mixtures on polymer networks Part I. Determination of surface excess isotherms and free energy functions (1992)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 270 (1992), S. 68-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymers ; adsorption ; networks ; swelling ; macroreticular resins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Two groups of polymer networks (polymer resins) are investigated by selective liquid sorption fromn-propanol-water mixtures. Group 1 consists of gel polymerized polar (hydrophilic) ion exchangers which swell in the binary liquid mixture. Group 2 consists of non-polar, non-swelling, macroporous resins. The free energy isotherms accompanying the sorption processes are calculated from the excess isotherms and the bulk activities. The adsorption excess free energies reveal the differences in polarity of the polymer network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656932
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of thermally stimulated current in polypropylene/calcium carbonate/surfactant systems (1992)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 270 (1992), S. 113-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polypropylene ; filler ; surfactant ; composite ; thermally stimulatedcurrent ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Thermally stimulated polarization (TSP) and depolarization (TSD) experiments have been performed with two grades of polypropylene and some respective CaCO3-filled composites containing small amounts of nonionic surfactant (0–2 wt%). The effects of electrode blocking, electrode materials on the thermally stimulated currents, and reproducibility of the measurements have been studied. The effect of water vapor adsorbed from the ambient air on the AC dielectric properties and on the thermally stimulated polarization behavior has been determined. The addition of either CaCO3 or surfactant to PP decreases the intensity of the αc depolarization current peak in the pre-melting region, while the presence of both components increases the current. Partial discharges are present in poly propylene/CaCO3 composites under high voltages if neither water vapor nor a coherent surfactant layer is present at the matrix/filler interface. A short literature survey is presented on the TSC studies of polyolefins and their composites, and various mechanisms responsible for the observed changes are discussed, including interfacial polarization, trap redistribution through nucleation, and oriented adsorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652177
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of pure and mixed DPPC liposomes spread or adsorbed at the air-water interface (1992)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 270 (1992), S. 901-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Liposomes ; adsorption ; spreading ; surfacefilm ; monolayer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Liposomes from pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and mixed DPPC: distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC): soybean lecithin (SL) prepared by the Bangham method with sonication were dispersed into solution or spread at the interface and the kinetics of the surface film formation was studied by measuring and recording the evolution of superficial tension, surface potential, and superficial (14C labeled) DPPC density. A simple theoretical approach can describe these kinetics by two processes: irreversible diffusion of closed vesicles into or from the bulk phase, and irrevers ible transformation of closed spherical vesicles into destroyed ones which form the surface film. Diffusion controls the phenomenon for small initial amounts of liposomes. Transformation controls the phenomenon for important initial amounts of liposomes. The kinetic constant of the transformation,K, does not depend on the technique used to form the surface film (spreading or adsorption). The equilibrium and rheological properties of surface films formed after liposome spreading are compared to those of monolayers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657735
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive adsorption of fibrinogen and albumin onto polymer microspheres having hydrophilic/hydrophobic heterogeneous surface structures (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 1157-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymer emulsion ; albumin ; fibrinogen ; protein ; adsorption ; surface hydrophilicity ; surface heterogeneity ; microsphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The competitive adsorption of bovine fibrinogen (BFb) and bovine serum albumin onto polymer microspheres from the mixture solution was examined under various protein-to-microsphere ratios using various homopolymer microspheres and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/polystyrene composite microspheres having heterogeneous surface structures consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. They were produced by emulsifier-free (seeded) emulsion polymerizations. The selective adsorption of BFb was not observed for the homopolymer microspheres, but observed for the composite polymer microspheres having optimum compositions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657071
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of preparation pH on pore structure of silica gels (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 709-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Water glass ; silica gel ; argon ; adsorption ; microporous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Surface characterization of silica gels prepared at different gelation pH from water glass and sulphuric acid were made by argon adsorption at 77 K using continuous volumetric method. While microporous silica gels prepared in the pH range of 1–3 had BET surface areas of 504–571 m2 g−1, total pore volumes of 0.26–0.31 cm3 g−1 and micropore volumes of 0.16–0.23 cm3 g−1, mesoporous silica gels prepared in the pH range of 3.36–0.65 had BET surface areas of 374–530 m2 g−1 and pore volumes of 0.61–0.79 cm3 g−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652834
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption characteristics of chloroform on modified zeolites from gaseous phase as well as its aqueous solution (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 1620-1626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Zeolite ; modification ; chloroform ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption characteristics of chloroform from its aqueous solution on Na−Y and Li−Na−Y modified by SiCl4 were measured and compared with those on Na−ZSM-5 and Na-Mordenite. No adsorption occurred on Na−Y with high hydrophilicity, while the siliceous faujasites became capable of adsorption and its amount increased with increase in the Si/A1 ratio. Adsorption isotherms are of Langmuir type, suggesting that adsorption proceeds by pore filling. The adsorption amounts expressed in volume on Na−Y with high hydrophobicity corresponded to their pore volumes. Adsorption characteristics of chloroform from gaseous phase on Na−Y with different Si/A1 ratio were also measured. The adsorption capability decreased with increasing Si/A1 ratio. Immersional heats of zeolites into water or chloroform were measured in order to evaluate the surface affinity to both solvents. Immersional heats into water were almost constant (about 500 mJ·m−2) for zeolites with their Si/A1 ratio below 10. The heats decreased with an increase in the Si/A1 ratio above 10, then became almost constant (about 120 mJ·m−2) over 30 in their ratio. Heats of immersion of Na−Y series into chloroform were almost constant irrespective of their Si/A1 ratio, but decreased slightly when the ratio exceeded 20. Adsorption characteristics of chloroform could be well related to immersional heats into both solvents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00664730
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of surfactants on low-charged layer silicates Part II: Adsorption of non-ionic surfactants (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 324-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Surfactants ; silicates ; adsorption ; calorimetry ; x-ray diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Nonionic surfactants were adsorbed on low-charged layer silicates in the interlayers. After drying, the surfactants were arranged in densely packed double layers. However, in suspension considerably higher basal spacings are measured by x-ray diffraction which indicate that large quantities of non-ionic surfactants are adsorbed. With the aid of calorimetry, enthalpies of displacement were recorded which suggest strong interactions of the non-ionic surfactants with smectites. In analogy to tests on hydrophilic SiO2, the adsorption of smectites is found to depend on the degree of ethoxylation of the non-ionic surfactant. The adsorption declines with increasing EO content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655504
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption and desorption of colloidal particles on glass in a parallel plate flow chamber—Influence of ionic strength and shear rate (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 478-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Parallel plate flow chamber ; adsorption ; desorption ; blocked area ; image analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The adsorption and desorption rates of 736 nm diameter polystyrene particles on glass were studiedin situ using a parallel plate flow chamber and automated image analysis. Adsorption and desorption rates were measured simultaneously during deposition, enabling the determination of initial deposition rates, blocked areas per particle, desorption rate coefficients, and the number of adhering particles in the stationary state. Deposition experiments were done from suspensions with different potassium nitrate concentrations (1, 10 and 50 mM) and at varying shear rates (15 to 200 s−1). The initial deposition rate, the desorption rate, the blocked area per particle and the number of adhering particles in the stationary state showed major variations with the shear rate and the ionic strength of the suspension. At low ionic strength, the number of adhering particles showed an oscillatory behavior in time, presumably due to a varying interaction between particle and collector surface. Blocked areas, determined from deposition kinetics, ranged 705 to 2374 cross-sections at low ionic strength, and from 10 to 564 at high ionic strength and corresponded well with those estimated from local pair distribution functions which were obtained from an analysis of the spatial arrangement of the adhering particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00659461
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of ionic surfactants on polar surfaces with a low content of chemically adsorbed alkyl chains (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 307-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Silica ; TiO2 ; adsorption ; ionic surfactant ; surface modified
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Colloidal silica and titanium dioxide were surface-modified by chemisorption of octadecyl dimethylmethoxy silane. The surface density of these alkyl silane groups was adjusted to less than 7% of the available surface hydroxyls, leaving the adsorbents hydrophilic and electrically charged in aqueous solution. Ionic surfactants (tetradecylpyridinium chloride and sodium lauryl sulfate) are adsorbed onto the surface-modified silica and titanium dioxide from aqueous solution, even in the case where the surface of the adsorbents exhibits the same sign of electrical charge as the surfactant ionic head groups. According to the adsorption model of Gu the chemiadsorbed alkyl chains are supposed to serve as anchors for small surface aggregates of the ionic surfactants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652371
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The appearance of adsorption ability of modified zeolites for sodium dodecylsulfate from its aqueous solution (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 830-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Zeolite ; modification ; surfactant ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Hydrophobic faujasite-type zeolites were prepared by the treatment of hydrophilic Na-Y4.6 with silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) by way of dealumination-silicon exchange reaction. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic characters of these zeolite surfaces were evaluated by measurements of immersional heats into water orn-hexane. Adsorption rates of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDoS) on these zeolites from its aqueous solution and their adsorption characteristics were investigated, and compared with those on ZSM-5 with various Si/Al ratios. The adsorption ability of SDoS into zeolite micropores developed on the zeolite only when it was modified to some extent. The adsorption rates of SDoS were very slow and proved to be affected by molecular diffusion in zeolite pores. They depended on hydrophilic-hydrophobic character of zeolites as well as on pore structures. Adsorption isotherms of SDoS were of Langmuir type, which indicates that the adsorption occurred typically into zeolite pores. Adsorbed amount of SDoS depended on the balance of hydrophilic-hydrophobic character and number of cation site of zeolite surfaces, and had a maximum in case of ZSM-5 zeolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652424
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...