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  • Other Sources  (115)
  • Springer  (115)
  • 1985-1989  (109)
  • 1950-1954  (6)
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Source
Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Orthonormal Wavelets (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Wavelets: Time-Frequency Methods and Phase, Berlin, Springer, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 21-37, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Wavelet processing ; Textbook of geophysics ; Spectrum ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; noksp
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Interdisciplinary Role of Space Geodesy (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 443-487, (ISBN 0-89871-560-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    The Geological Framework of the KTB Drill Site (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), Site-Section Studies in the Oberpfalz and Schwarzwald, Berlin, Springer, vol. 120, no. 231, pp. 37-54, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: KTB ; Geol. aspects ; Tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Sediment acoustics (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, Berlin, Springer, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. Paper A 25 - A 34, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Textbook of geophysics ; Acoustics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 527-553, (ISBN 0-7923-5034-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Tectonics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Geol. aspects ; BO, ; RUB, ; GMG: ; MB ; 4129 ; 3.45.19
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Finite Differenzen und Elemente. Numerische Lösungen von Variationsproblemen und partiellen Differentialgleichungen (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 1-58488-320-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Handbook of mathematics ; Finite Element Method ; Finite difference method ; DGL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    The Interdisciplinary Role of Space Geodesy: Proc. of International Workshop held at "Ettore Majorana" Center for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily, Italy, July 23-29, 1988 (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 443-487, (ISBN 0-89871-560-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Proceedings of a conference ; Geodesy ; Plate tectonics ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Practical Numerical Algorithms for Chaotic Systems (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 585, (ISBN 1-85233-708-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of informatics ; Textbook of mathematics ; Chaotic behaviour
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    The KTB pilot-hole: Tectonic setting, technical data and first results (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), Site-Selection Studies in the Oberpfalz and Schwarzwald, Berlin, Springer, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 527-553, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; KTB ; Tectonics ; Review article ; Geol. aspects
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    Oberpfalz Deep Seismic Reflection Survey and Velocity Studies (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), Site-Section Studies in the Oberpfalz and Schwarzwald, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 99-150, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: KTB ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Tectonics ; Reflection seismics ; Duerbaum ; Durbaum ; Ruehl ; Ruhl ; Meissner
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    The diets of five summer breeding seabirds in Adélie Land, Antarctica (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 9 (3). pp. 137-145.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: The diets of five breeding seabird species were investigated on Adélie Land in January–February 1982. Stomach contents of Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, were sampled by a water off-loading method and of Procellariiformes by spontaneous regurgitation. Diet compositions by mass were: Adélie penguin (79% euphausiid, 18% fish, 3% squid); Cape pigeon, Daption capense, (64% euphausiid, 29% fish, 7% carrion); Antarctic fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides, (64% euphausiid, 20% carrion, 16% fish); snow petrel, Pagodroma nivea, (95% fish, 2% euphausiid, 1% carrion) and Wilson's stormpetrel, Oceanites oceanicus, (39% fish, 37% euphausiid, 13% carrion, 12% various crustaceans). The present Adélie penguin diet is consistent with those reported in other studies, given our knowledge of geographical variation in food availability. Differences in the diets of fulmarine petrels appear to relate to differences in foraging areas. The snow petrel is a fish-eating bird associated with pack-ice. Cape pigeon and Antarctic fulmar are mainly krill-eaters and we infer segregation along a neritic/oceanic gradient because of the importance of the neritic Euphausia crystallorophias in the former and the oceanic E. superba in the latter.
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  • 12
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    Seabird and fur seal responses to vertically migrating winter krill swarms in Antarctica (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 10 (1).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: The foraging behaviour of fur seals and two species of surface feeding seabirds was observed over swarms of vertically migrating krill along the Antarctic Peninsula in July 1987. Fur Seal haul out patterns were correlated with krill in the upper 30 m of the water column. Krill moved to the surface at night; seals subsequently foraged from 1400-0700 hours before returning to floes. Foraging was continuous through the night. Dive duration decreased as krill moved up to the surface; shorter dives may have been more successful than longer ones. It is possible that very deep dives, which occur early in a foraging bout, represent more of an attempt to assess krill depth and distribution rather than being a genuine foraging effort. Seabirds responded to the presence of a surface krill swarm by circling over it and foraging; krill at depths greater than 30 m elicited directional flight and low frequencies of prey capture attempts. Both Snow Petrels and Antarctic Terns preyed on krill, but each species approached the swarms from different habitats. Snow Petrels primarily overflew areas covered by ice; terns preferred open water. This suggested that prey encounters are essentially opportunistic, although the search for prey is limited to rather specific marine habitats. This feature may be important to our understanding of the factors that determine the pelagic distribution of seabirds.
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  • 13
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    Mass transfer during sub-seafloor alteration of the upper Troodos crust (Cyprus) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 102 (1). pp. 93-101.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Five major alteration zones in the Extrusive Series and the Sheeted Dike Complex of the Troodos Ophiolite are each characterized by (a) distinct elemental changes compared to the original composition and (b) secondary mineralogy. The upper ca. 300 m of the extrusive crust, the highly oxidatedcold seawater alteration zone (CSA), is strongly enriched in K2O and depleted in Na2O. It is followed downwards by alow temperature alteration zone (〈170° C) which is most widespread in the Troodos extrusives and where Na2O and K2O are enriched, the latter less strongly than in the CSA zone. Three types ofhigh temperature alteration zones (〈440° C; HTA I–III) are found in the Sheeted Dike Complex. All are marked by thorough leaching of K2O, while the behavior of Na2O (e.g. unchanged in type III) and CaO (depleted in type I, enriched in types II, III) is variable. Mass budgets of elemental changes are quantified by calibration of whole rock analyses via systematic stable element variations of fresh glasses found throughout the extrusive section. The Troodos extrusive crust and upper Sheeted Dike Complex are a major sink for MgO, K2O, and Na2O, and a source for CaO; the overall scale of fluxes drastically exceeds estimates based on fresh basalt compositions from present ocean crust.
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  • 14
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    Seasonal growth lines in pleistocene scleractinians from barbados: Record potential and diagenesis (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 63 (3). pp. 207-214.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-23
    Description: Growth line analysis of diagenetically altered scleractinians is only possible if carbonate diagenesis has followed the pathway of aragonite leaching and coeval formation of low magnesium calcite. All other possibilities of aragonite transformation into calcite exclude the preservation of this growth line banding. Examples of these diagenetic patterns are found in the Pleistocene of Barbados.
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  • 15
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    Authigenic zeolites and their relation to silica diagenesis in ODP Site 661 sediments (Leg 108, Eastern Equatorial Atlantic) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Geologische Rundschau, 78 (3). pp. 779-792.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-30
    Description: At ODP Site 661 from the continental margin of Northwest Africa, authigenic clinoptilolites were investigated in detail. Based on chemical data, crystal size and shape and their intergrowth with associated mineral phases, two types of clinoptilolite (type A and B) occur representing different diagenetic conditions under which the formation of zeolites took place. Clinoptilolite type A was found in a sediment section comprises numerous hiatuses and stratigraphically condensed sediments and could have been formed during early diagenesis. In contrast, clinoptilolite type B was precipitated in Campanian sediments during later diagenesis, after the transformation from opal-A to opal-CT had taken place. At Site 661, the silica source for the authigenesis of both clinoptilolite types is biogenic opal. Volcanic ash material occurs, but in low amounts and thus is not a prerequisite for the formation of clinoptilolite at Site 661.
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  • 16
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    Geology of an active hot spot: Teahitia-Mehetia region in the South Central Pacific (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Geophysical Research, 11 (1). pp. 27-50.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-22
    Description: The Teahitia-Mehetia hot spot region located in the southeastern extension of the Society Islands chain, near 18° S–148° W consists of several active volcanoes. The distribution of recent volcanic activity correlates with seismic epicenters, and covers an area of more than 1000 km2. Intermittent volcanic activity has given rise to large (〉1000 m high) and small (〈500 m high) edifices composed of various types of flows. Several recent volcanic events have produced a suite of alkalic rocks ranging from ankaramites, through alkali basalts to trachy-phonolites. The presence of altered MORB-like tholeiites on one small seamount suggests that a different mantle source material was involved in forming some of the crust in this hot spot region.
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  • 17
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    Antarctic cephalopods - a living marine resource (1989)
    Springer
    In:  AMBIO, 18 (1). pp. 55-59.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-18
    Description: In the Antarctic there are large unexploited stocks of cephalopods with high potential commercial value and there are two important fisheries for squid in the cool temperate waters of the Southern Ocean, adjacent to the Antarctic, in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors. Squid fisheries can develop very rapidly, and if this were to happen in the Antarctic before adequate management plans could be established, there would be serious consequences for the squid stocks, and also for the vertebrate predator populations which depend on them. It is especially important to increase our knowledge of the Antarctic cephalopod species, their distribution and role in the food chain, and to understand their life cycles
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  • 18
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    Phytoplankton carbon dynamics during a winter/spring diatom bloom in an enclosed marine ecosystem: primary production, biomass and loss rates (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 103 . pp. 131-142.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: Phytoplankton production, standing crop, and loss processes (respiration, sedimentation, grazing by zooplankton, and excretion) were measured on a daily basis during the growth, dormancy and decline of a winter-spring diatom bloom in a large-scale (13 m3) marine mesocosm in 1987. Carbonspecific rates of production and biomass change were highly correlated whereas production and loss rates were unrelated over the experimental period when the significant changes in algal biomass characteristic of phytoplankton blooms were occurring. The observed decline in diatom growth rates was caused by nutrient limitation. Daily phytoplankton production rates calculated from the phytoplankton continuity equation were in excellent agreement with rates independently determined using standard 14C techniques. A carbon budget for the winter bloom indicated that 82.4% of the net daytime primary production was accounted for by measured loss processes, 1.3% was present as standing crop at the end of the experiment, and 16.3% was unexplained. Losses via sedimentation (44.8%) and nighttime phytoplankton respiration (24.1%) predominated, while losses due to zooplankton grazing (10.7%) and nighttime phytoplankton excretion (2.8%) were of lesser importance. A model simulating daily phytoplankton biomass was developed to demonstrate the relative importance of the individual loss processes.
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  • 19
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    The role of competition for limiting resources in phytoplankton species replacements (1989)
    Springer
    In:  In: Plankton ecology: succession in plankton communities. , ed. by Sommer, U. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 57-106. ISBN 3-540-51373-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-22
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 20
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    Plankton ecology, succession in plankton communities (1989)
    Springer
    In:  , ed. by Sommer, U. Springer, Berlin, Germany, 369 pp. ISBN 3-540-51373-6
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-28
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 21
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    Debris avalanche deposits by the 1984 collapse of Ontake Volcano, central Japan (1989)
    Springer
    In:  In: Volcanic hazards. , ed. by Latter, J. H. IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology, 1 . Springer , Berlin, pp. 210-229.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-10
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 22
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    The manganese nodules of the Kane Gap (East Atlantic). Indicators of sedimentation — erosion changes (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Geologische Rundschau, 78 (3). pp. 943-958.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Manganese nodules from the Kane Gap (a deep sea channel connecting the Sierra Leone and Gambia Basins off West Africa) were investigated chemically and dated by10Be along cross-sections. Comparing the nodule structure with the stratigraphy of the related sediments, the following conclusions are drawn concerning the sedimentation processes during the last 4 to 6×106 years: The growth of the nodules started about 4 to 4.5 Ma before present during or near to the end of a period of erosion on a fossil-free, probably Miocene sediment. During the first phase of only a few hundred thousandyears, the nodules grew very quickly (7 to 〉18 mm/Ma). Fe-rich hydrogenetic material formed the internal sections of the nodules during this time. Slowing down of the bottom currents, resulting in deposition of thin sediment covers for short intervals, caused the character of the nodules to change to a more diagenetic composition. The growth rates were reduced to about 1 to 2 mm/Ma. The time of slowing is roughly 3 to 4 Ma BP. Probable uncertainties of the dating and growth rates resulting from supposed changes of the10Be supply to the nodules due to variations of the near bottom environment are discussed.
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  • 23
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    The genesis and significance of N-MORB sub-types (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 102 (1). pp. 112-126.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-13
    Description: A global compositional dichotomy for N-MORB magma (N1/N2) is recognized on the basis of Na2O, TiO2, CaO, and Al2O3 contents, and their respective ratios. We have characterized the two magma sub-types by means of their trace element patterns, and attempted to explain the differences in major and trace element contents in terms of a partial melting model, using data from DSDP/IPOD Leg 82. Mass balance calculations for N-MORB glass and rock compositions indicate that differences between N1-and N2-MORB are consistent with simple differences (5%–10%) in the degree of partial melting of a plagioclase-(±spinel) lherzolite, at pressures 〈10 kbar, rather than their respective derivation from plagioclase- and spinel-lher-zolite sources. Based on published and calculated partition coefficients, and calculated source magmaphile trace element compositions, the calculations indicate that the overall range of N-MORB compositions may be derived by between approximately 8% and 20% partial melting of a fertile lherzolite source. Fluid dynamic and melt kinematic considerations will probably necessitate refinement of the model, but should also take account of its qualitative precepts.
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  • 24
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    Evidence for multiple spawning in the tropical oceanic squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Teuthoidea: Ommastrephidae) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 101 . pp. 513-519.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-25
    Description: Indirect evidence suggests that Stenoteuthis oualaniensis is a multiple spawner, a reproductive strategy not reported previously for squid. After spawning once, S. oualaniensis apparently continues to feed, grow, and mature additional oocytes before spawning again. Squid were caught by jigging at night in waters around the main Hawaiian Islands during four cruises from 1981 to 1987. All females from 200 mm mantle length (ML) to at least 318 mm ML were sexually mature, indicating that considerable growth takes place after reaching sexual maturity. Size-frequency analyses of ovarian oocytes revealed continuous egg production throughout adult life. Mature ova are stored in the oviducts, but oviduct fullness is unrelated to body size, indicating repeat spawning.
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  • 25
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    Food and feeding ecology of emperor penguins in the eastern Weddell Sea (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 9 (6). pp. 385-390.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: The diet of the emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri in the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica was studied during October and November 1986 by stomach content analysis. Emperor penguins fed mainly on Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum and squid Psychroteuthis glacialis. Benthic prey was not found. The prey composition suggests two different feeding strategies, shallow dives exploring the rugged underside of sea ice where krill is taken, and deep dives when mesopelagic fish and squid are consumed. Chicks were fed on average every 1.44 days.
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  • 26
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    Increase in numbers of male fur seals Arctocephalus gazella during the summer autumn period at Mossman Peninsula (Laurie Island) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 9 . pp. 487-488.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-06
    Description: The fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, population at Mossman Peninsula (Laurie Island) was studied from 1985 to 1987. Weekly counts were carried out at a 4 km bachelor haul-out beach from December through June. Maxima of 2 240, 2 787 and 5 196 juvenile and adult males were counted during March of the respective years. Census data indicate an increase in the non-breeding population of 13.5% between 1985–1986 and 46.5% between 1986–1987.
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  • 27
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    Respiration and nitrogen excretion by the squid Loligo forbesi (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 103 (3). pp. 333-338.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Respiration and nitrogen excretion rates of mature adult Loligo forbesi were investigated at the Roscoff Laboratory (North Brittany, France) during individual short-term incubation experiments in January 1986. The squids were in post-digestive condition and not actively swimming. Both oxygen uptake and nitrogen excretion are continuous processes. The metabolic rates of this active nektonic species (145 ml kg-1 h-1 oxygen uptake, 18.56 μg g-1 h-1 ammonia excretion) are distinctly higher than those of benthic cephalopods. Proteins constitute the main metabolic substrate for energetic needs. Besides ammonia, urea is also continuously released, in amounts ranging from 5 to 16% of ammonia-excretion values.
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  • 28
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    Preface: Towards a Darwinian ecology of plankton (1989)
    Springer
    In:  In: Plankton ecology - success in plankton communities. , ed. by Sommer, U. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1-8.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-07
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 29
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    Global Positioning System-Techniques Applied to Geodesy and Surveying (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 1589480406)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Textbook of geodesy
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 30
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    A pilot vertical seismic profiling experiment in the Cajon Pass Deep Scientific Drillhole (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 417-427, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Vertical seismic profiling ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Borehole geophys.
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 31
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    The UNIX System Guidebook (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (3-540-24165-5, XXVI + 228 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Handbook of informatics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 32
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    The logging strategy for the Continental Deep Drilling Programme of the Federal Republic of Germany (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 46, no. XVI:, pp. 428-443, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; KTB ; Hanel
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  • 33
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    Frictional sliding and the crustal stresses (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 444-453, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Stress ; Borehole geophys. ; Fault zone
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  • 34
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    The future of scientific drilling (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 523-531, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: scientific drilling ; Borehole geophys.
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 35
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    Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II. Projects, Technology, Sciences and Prospects for the Future (1988)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-19-851393-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Review article ; Borehole geophys. ; Applied geophysics
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  • 36
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    Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock I. The Deep Gas Drilling in the Siljan Impact Structure, Sweden, and Astroblemes (1988)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-19-851393-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Applied geophysics ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 37
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    The German Continental Deep Drilling Program, targets and state (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 64-81, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; KTB ; scientific drilling ; Rischmueller ; Rischmuller
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  • 38
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    Geophysical aspects of recent deep seismic soundings of the German crust (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. XVI:, pp. 401-416, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Borehole geophys.
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  • 39
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    Boundary Value Problems in Linear Viscoelasticity (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 10, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 1-4020-0653-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Rheology ; Elasticity ; Inelastic ; Rock mechanics
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  • 40
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    Continental scientific drilling - a scientific frontier (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 9, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; scientific drilling
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  • 41
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    Regulation of respiration during juvenile development of Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 97 (3). pp. 365-371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: A culture of juvenile Sepia officinalis L. was kept during summer 1985 in the aquaria of the “Station Marine”, Wimereux, France. During the first four months of juvenile development, oxygen consumption under increasing hypoxia was measured with a closed respirometer. The experiments revealed a high regulatory capacity of juvenile S. officinalis. The critical oxygen concentrations were calculated and their ontogenetical evolution was studied. The critical oxygen concentration increased with increasing development. A linear relationship emerged between the critical oxygen concentration and the logarithm of the wet weight [COc (mg O2 l-1)=-0.393+0.893×log10(Ww)]. The decreasing regulatory capacity of growing S. officinalis is most probably related to adaptations to a changing ecological environment during development. Another possibility is a physiological change, most probably related to the shift from embryonic to adult hemocyanin.
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  • 42
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    The influence of animals on phosphorus cycling in lake ecosystems (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 170 (1). pp. 267-284.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-21
    Description: Aquatic animals directly influence the cycling of phosphorus in lakes through feeding and excretion. Traditionally, animals (zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fish) have been assigned only minor roles in the process of freshwater phosphorus cycling. They were regarded as consumers without much regulating influence. Today there is growing evidence that animals, predators and herbivores, directly or indirectly can control biomass of primary producers and internal cycling of phosphorus. This paper summarizes different mechanisms of transformation and translocation of phosphorus via different groups of organisms.
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  • 43
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    Eruption ages and magma supply rates during the Miocene evolution of Gran Canaria: Single-crystle 40Ar/39Ar laser ages (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Naturwissenschaften, 75 . pp. 616-617.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-18
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  • 44
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    Meso- and macrozooplankton communities in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 9 (1). pp. 17-35.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: The present paper describes composition and abundance of meso- and macrozooplankton in the epipelagic zone of the Weddell Sea and gives a systematic review of encountered species regarding results of earlier expeditions. Material was sampled from 6 February to 10 March 1983 from RV Polarstern with a RMT 1+8 m (320 and 4500 μm mesh size). In agreement with topography and water mass distribution three distinct communities were defined, clearly separated by cluster analysis: The Southern Shelf Community has lowest abundances (approx. 9000 ind./1000 m3). Euphausia crystallorophias and Metridia gerlachei are predominating. Compared with the low overall abundance the number of regularly occurring species is high (55) due to many neritic forms. Herbivores and omnivores are dominating (58% and 35%). The North-eastern Shelf Community has highest abundances (about 31 000 ind./1000 m3). It is predominated by copepodites I–III of Calanus propinquus and Calanoides acutus (61%). The faunal composition is characterized by both oceanic and neritic species (64). Fine-filter feeders are prevailing (65%). The Oceanic Community has a mean abundance of approximately 23 000 ind./1000 m3, consisting of 61 species. Dominances are not as pronounced as in the shelf communities. Apart from abundant species like Calanus propinquus, Calanoides acutus, Metridia gerlachei, Oithona spp. and Oncaea spp. many typical inhabitants of the Eastwind Drift are encountered. All feeding types have about the same importance in the Oceanic Community.
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  • 45
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    Food web interactions in lakes : proceedings of a workshop held at the University of Notre Dame, March 21 - 26, 1987 (1988)
    Springer
    In:  In: Complex interactions in Lake Communities. Springer, New York, USA, pp. 141-160. ISBN 0-387-96684-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-22
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 46
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    Base Metal Sulfide Deposits in Sedimentary and Volcanic Enviroments : Proceedings of the DMG-GDMB-SGA-Meeting Aachen, 1985 (1988)
    Springer
    In:  , ed. by Friedrich, G. H. and Herzig, P. M. SGA Special Publication, 5 . Springer, Heidelberg, 290 pp. ISBN 3-540-18202-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-31
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 47
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    A lateral line analogue in cephalopods: water waves generate microphonic potentials in the epidermal head lines of Sepia and Lolliguncula (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 164 . pp. 1-5.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-27
    Description: Many cephalopods have lines of ciliated cells on their head and arms. In the cuttlefish Sepia and the squid Lolliguncula, electrophysiological recordings clearly identify these epidermal lines as an invertebrate analogue to the mechanoreceptive lateral lines of fish and aquatic amphibians and thus as another example of convergent evolution between a sophisticated cephalopod and vertebrate sensory system. Stimulation of the epidermal lines with local water displacements, generated by a vibrating sphere, causes receptor potentials that have many features known from lateral line microphonic potentials. The minimal threshold of the head lines is 0.2 micron peak-to-peak water displacement (calculated at the skin surface) at 75-100 Hz.
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  • 48
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    Effect of temperature on laboratory growth, reproduction and life span of Octopus bimaculoides (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 98 (3). pp. 369-379.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Laboratory culture of 40 Octopus bimaculoides from April 1982 to August 1983 through the full life cycle at 18°C vs 23°C provided information on the growth, reproductive biology and life span of this California littoral octopus. At 18°C, the cephalopods grew from a hatchling size of 0.07 g to a mean of 619 g in 404 d; the largest individual was 872 g. Octopuses cultured at 23°C reached their highest mean weight of 597 g in 370 d; the largest individual grown at this temperature was 848 g after 404 d. Growth data revealed a two-phase growth pattern: a 5 mo exponential phase followed by a slower logarithmic (power function) phase until spawning. At 5 mo octopuses grown at 23°C were over three times larger than their 18°C siblings. However, beyond 6.5 mo, growth rates were no higher at 23°C than at 18°C. At 13.5 mo, the mean weight of the 18°C group surpassed that of the 23°C group. The slope of the length/weight (L/W) relationship was significantly different for the two temperature regimes, with the 23°C octopuses weighing 18% less than their 18°C siblings at a mantle length of 100 mm. Females weighed more than males at any given mantle length. Males grew slightly larger and matured before females. The L/W relationship indicated isometric body growth throughout the life cycle. Higher temperature accelerated all aspects of reproductive biology and shortened life span by as much as 20% (from approximately 16 to 13 mo). O. bimaculoides has one of the longest life cycles among species with large eggs and benthic hatchlings. Extrapolations to field growth are made, and the possible effects of temperature anomalies such as El Niño are discussed.
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  • 49
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    Effects of Pack Ice on the Composition of Micronektonic Communities in the Weddell Sea (1988)
    Springer
    In:  In: Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability. , ed. by Sahrhage, D. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 140-146. ISBN 978-3-642-73726-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: Using seabirds as sampling devices on two cruises in the northwestern Weddell Sea, we investigated the species and lengthfrequency distribution of micronekton in surface waters. Our micronekton samples are among the first ever collected simultaneously in both ice-covered and adjacent ice-free waters in the Antarctic using the same technique. Changes in the abundance or presence of certain crustacean, squid, and fish species were related to the presence of ice, and to distance from the ice edge. Length-frequency distributions representing age- or sex-classes of fish and krill were also affected by proximity to the ice edge. Our data indicate that the proximity of sampling to pack ice may affect our perception of the composition of micronektonic communities, and that the marginal ice zone is an important area for juvenile age-classes of pelagic fish and krill.
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  • 50
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    Squid as Predators on Krill (Euphausia superba) and Prey for Sperm Whales in the Southern Ocean (1988)
    Springer
    In:  In: Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability. , ed. by Sahrhage, D. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 292-296. ISBN 978-3-642-73726-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: This chapter deals with information on the role of squid, and on feeding by sperm whales on squid, in the Antarctic. Seasonal variation in the vertical distribution of krill swarms may possibly affect the distribution of smaller squid which feed on krill. Larger squid are distributed in deeper water layers where they do not feed on krill alone. Sperm whales eat larger squid in the deeper waters of the Southern Ocean. The diet of these larger squid is unknown. It is suggested that the food chain from krill to sperm whale has several links, including fish and squid. The importance of studies on deep-sea systems in the Southern Ocean is emphasized.
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  • 51
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    Investigation of the fauna of Seamounts of the Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges, Southeastern Pacific Ocean (18th cruise of the R/V Professor Shtokman, March 6-June 17,1987) (1988)
    Pleiades Publishing | Springer
    In:  Oceanology, 28 (6). pp. 803-805.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-04
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  • 52
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    Some size relationships in phytoflagellate motility (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 161 (1). pp. 125-131.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: Data from the literature are used to assess some hypothesised adaptive advantages of the flagellate life form among phytoplankton. Possible advantages include increased nutrient uptake by movement through a homogeneous medium as opposed to exploitation of spatial hetrogeneity of the environment. Maximal migrational amplitudes and maximal swimming velocities of phytoflagellates were compared to body size. Both were found to increase with size. Relative amplitudes and relative velocities, however, were found to decrease with size. Hydrophysical considerations show that additional gain of nutrients by swimming through a homogeneous medium is only minimal for small flagellates at their attainable swimming velocities. It is suggested that exploitation of environmental heterogeneity in nutrient distribution may be one of the most important advantages for flagellates over coccoid algae.
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  • 53
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    The species composition of Antarctic phytoplankton interpreted in terms of Tilman's competition theory (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Oecologia, 77 (4). pp. 464-467.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Description: An attempt was made, to test for the impact of resource competition on Antarctic marine phytoplankton. According to theory, species composition near competitive equilibrium should be determined by the ratios of limiting resources. Enrichment bioassays identified silicon and nitrogen as limiting nutrients for some of the most important phytoplankton species during early austral summer in the region near the Antarctic Peninsula. Together with the generally acknowledged limiting resource light, this gave three meaningful ratios of essential resources (Si:N, Si:light, N:light) and one ratio of substitutable resources (NO sub(3):NH sub(4)). Phytoplankton species assemblages were found to be well separated by the ratios of the essential resources and by mixing depth.
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  • 54
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    Methode der Randelemente - Boundary Elements in der Mechanik auf dem PC (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 113, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (0-13-186150-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Boundary Element Method ; Modelling ; Handbook of physics ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 55
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    Encyclopedia of Structural Geology and Plate Tectonics (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Houston, Springer, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN: 3-540-31080-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Textbook of geology ; Structural geology ; Plate tectonics
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  • 56
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    Scientific objectives and site-selection studies of the Continental Deep Drilling Program of the Federal Republic of Germany (KTB) (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Observation of the Continental Crust through Drilling II., Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 85-120, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: KTB ; Borehole geophys. ; Review article
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  • 57
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    Deep well formation logging - The problems. The logging tools (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Observation of the Continental Crust through Drilling II., Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 207-223, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Review article ; Instruments
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  • 58
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    Evolution of the continental crust in the Precambrian; History of tectonic development of the Pechenga region (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, The Superdeep Well of the Kola Peninsula, Berlin, Springer, vol. 81B, no. 1, pp. 293-303, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
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    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Borehole geophys.
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  • 59
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    Applications of Tensor Functions in Solid Mechanics (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Wien, Springer, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-19-851393-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Textbook of mathematics
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  • 60
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    Pattern recognition for earthquake detection by mental pictures (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, ASST'87, Berlin, Springer, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 347-350, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
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    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Detectors ; Seismology ; Pattern recognition
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  • 61
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    Repräsentationsformen beim menschlichen Problemlösen (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., GWAI-87, Berlin, Springer, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 287-295, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
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    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI) ; knr ; COG
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  • 62
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    Molecular association of Cu, Zn, Cd and 210Po in the digestive gland of the squid Nototodarus gouldi (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 95 (1). pp. 87-91.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-29
    Description: The squid Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy, 1888) was caught by bottom trawl in Port Phillip Bay, Australia in February 1985. The squid accumulates in its digestive gland high levels of trace metals, with up to 100 μg Cd g-1 dry tissue, 1 200 μg g-1 copper and 1 500 μg g-1 zinc and up to 24 Bq g-1 of the naturally occurring radionuclide polonium-210. The molecular binding of these elements in six squid was investigated using column chromatography. Two poorly resolved copper peaks were associated with proteins of average molecular weights of 11 500 and 18 000. The two squid containing the highest levels of cadmium in their digestive glands (44 and 88 μg g-1) had cadmium associated with a peak of molecular weight intermediate between the copper-binding peaks, but this peak was absent from squid containing lower levels of cadmium. Zinc was associated with ligands of less than 1 500 molecular weight. The 210Po eluted with proteins of greater than 70 000 molecular weight, and there was no evidence of binding to low molecular weight proteins. Different mechanisms appear to be involved in the binding and control of the four elements.
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  • 63
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    Trends in Atlantic equatorial current variability (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 40 (6). pp. 261-276.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Approximately twice-monthly expendable bathythermograph (XBT) sections between Europe and Brazil, are used to characterize trends in the equatorial geostrophic surface currents orthogonal to the sections between September, 1980 and May, 1984. Using mean temperature-salinity relationships the upper layer temperature profiles are converted to density and used to compute 0/300 db dynamic height. Applying a second derivative method, at and near the equator, geostrophic surface currents are computed along each quasimeridional XBT section and time/space series of the equatorial currents are developed using spline interpolations in both time and space. Equatorial currents are mapped as time series of dynamic height and geostrophic current.
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  • 64
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    Deglaciation and meltwater events in Hudson Strait and the Eastern Canadian Arctic (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 7 (1). pp. 23-30.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: Stable isotope measurements on molluses from raised marine deposits, and on foraminifera in a piston core, define a series of light isotope events. A major event is14C dated at ca. 10.3 ka and is correlated with a marked isotopic excursion in HU77-021-156. This event is followed by a dramatic rise in diatom and, slightly later, in benthic foraminiferal abundances. Molluses record another light event around 8 ka. Major fluctuations in both δ18O and δ13C around 10.3 ka suggests that the Hudson Strait ice stream may have responded to the Younger Dryas climatic oscillation.
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  • 65
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    Meiobenthic stocks and benthic activity on the NE-Svalbard shelf and in the Nansen Basin (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 7 . pp. 253-266.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: High Arctic meiofaunal distribution, standing stock, sediment chemistry and benthic respiratory activity (determined by sediment oxygen consumption using a shipboard technique) were studied in summer 1980 on the NE Svalbard shelf (northern Barents Sea) and along a transect into the Nansen Basin, over a depth range of 240–3920 m. Particulate sediment proteins, carbohydrates and adenylates were measured as additional measures of benthic biomass. To estimate the sedimentation potential of primary organic matter, sediment bound chloroplastic pigments (chlorophylls, pheopigments) were assayed. Pigment concentrations were found comparable to values in sediments from the boreal and temperate N-Atlantic. Meiofauna, which was abundant on the shelf, decreased in numbers and biomasses with increasing depth, as did sediment proteins, carbohydrates, adenylates and sediment oxygen consumption. Meiofaunal abundances and biomasses within the Nansen Basin were comparable with those observed in abyssal sediments of the North Atlantic. Nematodes clearly dominated in metazoan meiofauna. Protozoans were abundant in shelf sediments. Probably in response to the sedimentation of the plankton bloom, meiofauna abundance and biomass as well as sediment proteins, carbohydrates and adenylates were significantly correlated to the amount of sediment bound chloroplastic pigments, stressing the importance of food quantity to determine benthic stocks. Ninety-four percent of the variance in sediment oxygen consumption were caused by chloroplastic pigments. Benthic respiration, calculated per unit biomass, was 3–10 times lower than in the East Atlantic, suggesting low turnover rates in combination with a high standing stocks for the high Arctic benthos.
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  • 66
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    Cephalopod prey of the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 96 (1). pp. 1-10.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Cephalopod beaks from the stomach contents of “wandering albatross” (Diomedea exulans L.) chicks from Bird Island, South Georgia, were sampled between May and September in 1983 and 1984. Lower beaks were identified and measured, and allometric data were used to calculated mantle length and biomass of the species consumed. A total of 3421 lower beaks were examined, representing 35 species in the 1983 sample and 45 species in the 1984 sample. Eight of the twenty families contributed over 95% of the biomass. In 1984 there were less Onychoteuthidae and more Ommastrephidae than in 1983 and a decrease in the number of species known to occur south of the Antarctic Polar Front. There was a difference in the size-frequency distribution of the cephalopod diet in the two years; in 1984 there was a higher frequency of intermediate-sized specimens, reflecting the greater importance of ommastrephids, especially Illex sp. The energy content of cephalopods in 1984 may have been greater than in 1983. Serial sampling of cephalopod beaks during the austral winter did not reveal evidence of growth. By the age of 200 d, wandering albatross chicks have consumed a total of approximately 100 kg wet weight of cephalopods each.
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  • 67
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    Seawater sediment interactions in coastal waters: an interdisciplinary approach (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Lecture notes on coastal and estuarine studies, 13 . Springer, Berlin, Germany, 338 pp. ISBN 3-540-17571-7
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-10
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 68
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    Monte Carlo Methods in Statistical Physics (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 1-4020-1408-2)
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    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Textbook of physics
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  • 69
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    GKS in der Praxis (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 96, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-471-95596-5)
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    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: COS ; gra ; Textbook of informatics
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  • 70
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    The Superdeep Well of the Kola Peninsula (1986)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 6, no. XVI:, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 0521824893, 280 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; KTB ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 71
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    Observations on food remains in faeces of elephant, leopard and crabeater seals (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 6 (1). pp. 43-45.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: Faecal material of leopard, crabeater and elephant seals was collected from the vicinity of Davis station, Antarctica. Very few identifiable remains were found in elephant seal droppings. Fish remains, mainly of Pleuragramma antarcticum, were found in both leopard and crabeater seal droppings. The mysid Antarctomysis maxima was also found in crabeater seal droppings and amphipods and decapod crustaceans in leopard seal droppings.
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  • 72
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    Food of the emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri on the Antarctic fast ice edge in late winter and early spring (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 6 (3). pp. 187-188.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: The food of emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri at the edge of the sea ice off the Vestfold Hills was studied by faecal analysis. Fish, crustacean, cephalopod and gastropod remains were found in 151 droppings collected between August and October 1984. The main fish identified from otoliths was Pleurogramma antarcticum with an average standard length of 129.5 mm. Amphipods increased in frequency from August to October with gammarids predominating.
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  • 73
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    Volcanological and tectonic control of stratigraphy and structure in the western Deccan Traps (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 48 (4). pp. 195-207.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-29
    Description: Many of the world's flood basalt provinces form elevated plateaux at the margins of continents, although in most cases their present large elevation is not the result of mountain building processes. Several explanations have recently been put forward to explain such occurrences of epeirogeny. The Deccan Trap basalt province forms one such elevated plateau, and results are presented here showing how the epeirogenic uplift in this region, combined with crustal subsidence probably associated with the rifting of the Indian continental margin, has affected the structure of the basalt sequence. Trace element analytical data are used for samples from numerous vertical sections through the Deccan Traps lava series along and around the Western Ghats ridge in India. The results reinforce the previously defined stratigraphy of the Mahabaleshwar area, and extend it over a region covering some 36 000 km2, reaching as far south as Belgaum and the Trap/basement contact. These results show that the lava pile is not flat lying, but forms a very low amplitude anticlinal fold structure plunging southwards by up to 0.3 ° over most of the area, although in the south there is evidence of a reversal of this plunge. The fold is interpreted as being the result of two tilting processes: (1) westward tilting near the coast, due to the foundering of the passive continental margin, and (2) epeirogenic uplift along the whole west coast of India producing the observed topography and the peninsula-wide drainage patterns, and also the easterly component of dip. Variations in the magnitude of the latter effect along the western continental margin may also be important in generating the plunge of the fold, although the possibility of some component of depositional dip may also be important. This latter possibility can be modelled using a simple computer program. The results of this modelling show that a migrating linear volcanic edifice fits the observations best.
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  • 74
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    Surface-film microbial populations: diel amino acid metabolism, carbon utilization, and growth rates (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 92 (2). pp. 289-297.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Microheterotrophic dissolved free amino acid (DFAA) utilization, and microbial community and bacterial community carbon production and growth were studied using 3H-labeled organics as tracers in marine surface-film and subsurface (10 cm) waters off Baja California in November 1983. DFAA utilization was generally more rapid during the day (0.14 to 0.38 nM h-1) than at night (0.04 to 0.14 nM h-1) in surface-film and subsurface waters, but the percent of utilized amino acid which was respired was always greater during the night (22 to 57%) compared to the day (14 to 18%). Utilization of DFAA-carbon was estimated to range from 0.3 to 5.3 μg C l-1 d-1 for all stations studied. In six of the 8 samples examined, the percentage of microbial carbon accounted for by the bacterial component of the population (1.4 to 5.9%) was strikingly similar to the percentage of microbial carbon production accounted for by bacterial carbon production (1.9 to 5.1%). In all of these six samples, total microbial specific-growth rates and bacterial specific-growth rates were approximately equivalent (0.9 to 2.2 d-1 for the microbial community; 0.7 to 1.9 d-1 for bacteria). The two exceptions were samples apparently influenced by transient flagellate populations migrating into the surface or subsurface waters at night. These observations support the conclusion that surface films contain unique and highly active microbial populations.
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  • 75
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    Emplacement of small-volume pyroclastic flows at Laacher See (East-Eifel, Germany) (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 48 . pp. 39-59.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-29
    Description: We distinguish three eruptive units of pyroclastic flows (T1, T2, and T3; T for trass) within the late Quaternary Laacher See tephra sequence. These units differ in the chemical/mineralogical composition of the essential pyroclasts ranging from highly differentiated phonolite in T1 to mafic phonolite in T3. T1 and T2 flows were generated during Plinian phases, and T3 flows during a late Vulcanian phase. The volume of the pyroclastic flow deposits is about 0.6 km3. The lateral extent of the flows from the source vent decreases from 〉 10 km (T1) to 〈 4.5 km (T3). In the narrow valleys north of Laacher See, the total thickness of the deposits exceeds 60 m. At least 19 flow units in T1, 6 in T2, and 4 in T3 can be recognized at individual localities. Depositional cycles of 2 to 5 flow units are distinguished in the eruptive units. Thickness and internal structure of the flow units are strongly controlled by topography. Subfacies within flow units such as strongly enriched pumice and lithic concentration zones, dust layers, lapilli pipes, ground layers, and lithic breccias are all compositionally related to each other by enrichment or depletion of clasts depending on their size and density in a fluidized flow. While critical diameters of coarse-tail grading were found to mark the boundary between the coarse nonfluidized and the finer fluidized grain-size subpopulations, we document the second boundary between the fluidized and the very fine entrained subpopulations by histograms and Rosin-Rammler graphs. Grain-size distribution and composition of the fluidized middle-size subpopulations remained largely unchanged during transport. Rheological properties of the pyroclastic flows are deduced from the variations in flow-unit structure within the valleys. T1 flows are thought to have decelerated from 25 m/s at 4 km to 〈 15 m/s at 7 km from the vent; flow density was probably 600–900 kg/m3, and viscosity 5–50 P. The estimated yield strength of the flows of 200– 〉 1000 N/m2 is consistent with the divergence of lithic size/distance curves from purely Newtonian models; the transport of lithics must be treated as in a Bingham fluid. The flow temperature probably decreased from T1 (300°–500°C) to T3 (〈200°C). A large-scale longitudinal variation in the flow units from proximal through medial to distal facies dominantly reflects temporal changes during the progressive collapse of an eruption column. Only a small amount of fallout tephra was generated in the T1 phase of eruption. The pyroclastic flows probably formed from relatively low ash fountains rather than from high Plinian eruption columns.
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  • 76
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    Foraminifera as sea-level indicators (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: Sea-Level Research : a manual for the collection and evaluation of data. , ed. by Plassche, O. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 435-456.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-11
    Description: There are over 1000 foraminiferal species presently living in marine environments, but relatively few of these can be used as direct indicators of sea level. We detail here certain assemblages occupying marsh environments that can be used for that purpose. Marsh foraminiferal assemblages have been shown to occur worldwide within narrowly defined vertical zones some of which extend less than 10 cm in total vertical range. These assemblage zones, once known, can be relocated in paleo-marsh deposits and accurately related to paleo-sea level. The key to success of these organisms as sea-level indicators is that their primary controlling factor appears to be elevation above mean sea level. Other foraminiferal assemblages are controlled by a series of parameters (eg. salinity, temperature, dissolved O2, etc.) which often have no direct relationship with actual water depth. Under appropriate circumstances, some information concerning sea level can be derived from other foraminiferal assemblages using indirect means. For instance areas which have undergone substantial emergence often contain small basins which, prior to emergence, were marine. The marine sediments at the bottom can be identified using foraminifera and the sill elevation of the basin can then be related to some prior sea-level stand. Both these methods have imperfections, but in areas where both emergence and submergence have taken place they can be combined to obtain a relatively complete sea-level history.
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  • 77
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    Accumulation of biogenie silica and opal dissolution in upper quaternary skagerrak sediments (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 6 (3). pp. 165-172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-15
    Description: In a core from the outer Skagerrak, the content of biogenic opal is higher in Late Pleistocene (Younger Dryas) than in Holocene deposits. In terms of opal accumulation, rates are 1 g/cm2/1,000 y during the Holocene and five to ten times larger during the Younger Dryas. Intensive dissolution has greatly reduced the Holocene opal content and does not allow calculation of paleoproductivity. The intensity of opal dissolution is reflected by dissolution stages of both the diatomParalia sulcata and sponge spicules. The intensity of dissolution is negatively correlated to the sedimentation rate and appears to be controlled by silica-undersaturated environment on the sea floor and the uppermost sediment layer.
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  • 78
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    The entrainment of high-viscosity magma into low-viscosity magma in eruption conduits (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 48 . pp. 325-339.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-29
    Description: We report experiments on the flow of two fluids of contrasting viscosity through a pipe in which low-viscosity fluid occupies the center of the pipe. The volume flux of the low-viscosity fluid in the pipe increased during an experiment but did not reach 100% in most cases. The transition from high- to low-viscosity-dominated outflow involved a drop in pressure gradient and an increase in flow rate due to reduced viscous resistance in the pipe. Initially, the central flow was thin and parallel-sided, but as its diameter increased the flow became unstable. A sequence of instabilities was observed during the course of each experiment, both in time and as a function of height in the pipe. In the most commonly observed instability the central flow adopted a helical geometry. The transition from parallel-sided to unstable flow first appeared at the top of the pipe and propagated downwards against the flow. Axisymmetric instabilities originating at the pipe entrance were also observed. All forms of instability exhibited entrainment of viscous fluid into the faster moving central flow. Entrainment was extensive early in the existence of the central flow, but later on the volume flux of lower-viscosity fluid in the central flow rose more rapidly than the rate of entrainment and the proportion of lower-viscosity fluid increased with time. These compositional changes determined the viscosity of the central flow which was found to control its diameter and velocity. In banded pumice deposits, silicic pumice without mafic component is commonly erupted alongside banded pumice blocks. We infer that banded pumice may correspond to the central flow in our experiments, i. e., that viscous magma has been incorporated into less viscous melt, and that pure acid pumice is derived from the outer flow. Changes in eruption style may be caused by variations in pressure gradient and flow rate due to changes in the viscosity of the melt in the conduit. Varied mafic/silicic proportions and degree of mixing in magmatic associations are controlled by the bulk volume erupted, discharge rate, initial temperature difference and aspect ratio of the conduit.
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  • 79
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    Properties of sea water, Physical properties (general) (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: LANDOLT-BÖRNSTEIN, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, Oceanography. , ed. by Sündermann, J. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 233-264.
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-15
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 80
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    Distribution of the early-life phase of the Antarctic squid Galiteuthis glacialis in relation to the hydrology of the Southern Ocean in the sector 15° to 30°E (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 91 (3). pp. 353-357.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: During R.R.S. "Discovery" Cruise 100 in the Southern Ocean (1979), 620 specimens of the Antarctic cranchiid squid Galiteuthis glacialis (Chun) were caught in the RMT8 opening-closing net, to the south of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). The catch was dominated by individuals 〈 20 mm dorsal mantle length (DML) and, apart from two specimens, the rest of the catch was 〈 60 mm DML. Two larger squid (255 mm DML) were both immature and apparently female. The species is concentrated at a depth of 300 to 400 m; there is evidence of ontogenetic spreading and a shift in the modal depth of the population from the 300 to 400 m horizon in daylight to the 200 to 300 m horizon in darkness. The collection confirms the circumpolar distribution of the species and supports previous evidence that it rarely, if ever, occurs to the north of the APF. As in Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni, the only other species of cranchiid squid known to occur south of the APF, the early-life phase of G. glacialis is concentrated in the upper zone of the "warm deep water" beneath the Antarctic surface layer where, putatively, there is a zone of enhanced biological activity.
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  • 81
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    Diagenesis of Upper Triassic Wetterstein Reefs of the Bavarian Alps (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: Reef Diagenesis. , ed. by Schroeder, J. H. and Purser, B. H. Springer , Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 245-268. ISBN 978-3-642-82814-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Earlier studies of the Wetterstein series were concerned mainly with sedimentation (Sander 1936, Sarnthein 1965, 1966), or specific aspects of diagenesis (German 1968, 1969, Bechstädt 1975, 1979, Bechstädt and Dohler-Hirner 1983). The first modern facies concept, including ecological zonation, for a specific reef complex near Innsbruck, e.g., Hafelekar reef, was made by Brandner and Resch (1981).
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  • 82
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    Impact of freshwater discharge on production and transfer of materials in the marine environment (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: The role of freshwater outflow in coastal marine ecosystems. , ed. by Skreslet, S. NATO ASI Series, G7 . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 85-106.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 83
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    Summer diet of Weddell Seals (Leptonychotes weddelli) in the eastern and southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 6 (2). pp. 97-102.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: Stomach and intestine samples from 21 adult Weddell seals were used to study the diet of these seals from the eastern and southern Weddell Sea coast from January to February 1983 and 1985. Fish occurred in all seals, squid in five, octopods in three and Euphausia crystallorophias in one seal. Pleuragramma antarcticum was the predominant fish in the diet, constituting 61.1% of otoliths in 1983 samples and 93.8% in 1985. Aethotaxis mitopteryx, Dissostichus mawsoni, unidentified Trematomus spp. and channichthyids were also recorded. Size and wet weight of P. antarcticum were calculated from uneroded otoliths, found in 6 seal stomachs with liquid food pulp, collected during early morning hours in 1985. Size distribution of P. antarcticum from individual seals was reasonably constant, ranging between 5.0 and 22.0 cm SL; adult fish from about 14.0 to 19.0 cm SL predominated. P. antarcticum in seals from the southern area had a larger median size (16.5 cm SL), than those from further east (15.5 cm SL). Calculated wet weights of all P. antarcticum from individual seal stomachs ranged between 4.7 and 16.9 kg the mean was 12.8 kg. Comparisons with net-hauls from the southern Gould Bay suggest that Weddell seals feed mainly in deeper water layers (〉400 m) where adult P. antarcticum occur at higher densities.
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  • 84
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    Phytoplankton competition along a gradient of dilution rates (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Oecologia, 68 (4). pp. 503-506.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Description: Natural phytoplankton from Lake Constance was used for chemostat competition experiments performed at a variety of dilution rates. In the first series at high Si:P ratios and under uniform phosphorus limitation for all species, Synedra acus outcompeted all other species at all dilution rates up to 1.6 d-1, only at the highest dilution rate (2.0 d-1) Achnanthes minutissima was successful. In the second series in the absence of any Si a green algal replacement series was found, with Mougeotia thylespora dominant at the lowest dilution rates, Scenedesmus acutus at the intermediate ones, and Chlorella minutissima at the highest ones. The outcome of interspecific competition was not in contradiction with the Monod kinetics of P-limited growth of the five species, but no satisfactorily precise prediction of competitive performance can be derived from the Monod kinetics because of insufficient precision in the estimate of k s .
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  • 85
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    Nitrate- and silicate-competition among antarctic phytoplankton (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 91 (3). pp. 345-351.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Natural phytoplankton from antarctic waters in the Drake Passage were used for competition experiments in semicontinuous cultures. The outcome of interspecific competition for silicate and nitrate was studied at a range of Si:N ratios (from 2.6:1 to 425:1) and at three different dilution rates. For five species Monod kinetics of silicate-and nitrate-limited growth has been established. Comparison between theoretical predictions derived from Monod kinetics and the outcome of competition experiments showed only minor deviations. Contrary to literature data, considerable depletion of nitrate was found in antarctic seawater. Both the concentrations of soluble silicate and of nitrate were too low to support maximum growth rates of some of the diatom species under investigation.
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  • 86
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    The periodicity of phytoplankton in Lake Constance (Bodensee) in comparison to other deep lakes of central Europe (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 138 (1). pp. 1-7.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: Phytoplankton periodicity has been fairly regular during the years 1979 to 1982 in Lake Constance. Algal mass growth starts with the vernal onset of stratification; Cryptophyceae and small centric diatoms are the dominant algae of the spring bloom. In June grazing by zooplankton leads to a lsquoclear-water phasersquo dominated by Cryptophyceae. Algal summer growth starts under nutrient-saturated conditions with a dominance of Cryptomonas spp. and Pandorina morum. Depletion of soluble reactive phosphorus is followed by a dominance of pennate and filamentous centric diatoms, which are replaced by Ceratium hirundinella when dissolved silicate becomes depleted. Under calm conditions there is a diverse late-summer plankton dominated by Cyanophyceae and Dinobryon spp.; more turbulent conditions and silicon resupply enable a second summer diatom growth phase in August. The autumnal development leads from a Mougeotia — desmid assemblage to a diatom plankton in late autumn and winter. Inter-lake comparison of algal seasonality includes in ascending order of P-richness Königsee, Attersee, Walensee, Lake Lucerne, Lago Maggiore, Ammersee, Lake Zürich, Lake Geneva, Lake Constance. The oligotrophic lakes have one or two annual maxima of biomass; after the vernal maximum there is a slowly developing summer depression and sometimes a second maximum in autumn. The more eutrophic lakes have an additional maximum in summer. The number of floristically determined successional stages increases with increasing eutrophy, from three in Königsee and Attersee to eight in Lake Geneva and Lake Constance.
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  • 87
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    Near surface nutrient and phytoplankton distribution in the Drake Passage during early December (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 6 (2). pp. 107-110.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: Nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton species composition in near surface samples were studied along a S-N gradient in the Drake Passage, in early December 1984. Nitrate concentrations were much lower than usually previously reported from circum-Antarctic waters. Comparison of dissolved nutrient concentrations with growth requirements of Antarctic plankton algae suggests potential limitation of at least some species by nitrate or silicate. The taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton in our samples seemed to be partially controlled by competition for limiting nutrients.
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  • 88
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    Physical properties (general)of sea water (1986)
    Springer
    In:  In: Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik: Neue Serie = Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology: new series / Ed.-in-chief: O. Madelung Gruppe 5, Geophysik und Weltraumforschung = Geophysics and space research Bd. 3, Ozeanographie = Oceanography, Teilband a. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 233-264. ISBN 3-540-15092-7
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-05
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 89
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    The influence of the frequency of periodic disturbances on the maintenance of phytoplankton diversity (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Oecologia, 71 (1). pp. 25-28.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Description: The influence of periodic disturbances of various frequency on the maintenance of the phytoplankton diversity was studied by semicontinuous competition experiments. Disturbances consisted of dilution events, which meant both addition of fresh nutrients and elimination of organisms. The intervals between dilution events varied from 1 to 14 days. Diversity was found to increase with increasing intervals between disturbances. coexisting species belonged to different strategy types: (a) species with rapid growth under enriched conditions, (b) species with good competitive abilities under impoverished conditions, (c) species with the ability to build up storage pools of the limiting nutrient. An increase of the number of coexisting species over the number that would have coexisted in steady state was only found when the interval exceeded one generation time.
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  • 90
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    Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling I. (1985)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 3-540-44363-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Stress ; Borehole geophys. ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; FROTH, ; RUB ; GMG
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  • 91
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    Rationale for a deep drill hole into the seismically active area of the Hohenzollerngraben, Southwest Germany (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling I., Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 231, pp. 324-342, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Stress ; Borehole geophys. ; Seismicity ; Tectonics
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  • 92
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    Geophysics of the Solid Earth, the Moon and the Planets (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-08-037951-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Waves ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geomagnetics ; Planetology ; solar ; system ; Bosum ; Busse ; Chapman ; Gierloff-Emden ; Haak ; Hagedorn ; Jacoby ; Lubinova ; Rucher ; Roeser ; Schmucker ; Soffel ; Stacey ; Voppel
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  • 93
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    Magdalena Fan, Caribbean (1985)
    Springer
    In:  In: Submarine Fans and Related Turbidite Systems. Springer, New York, pp. 71-78. ISBN 978-1-4612-9570-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: The Magdalena Fan can be divided into: upper fan—1:60–1:110 gradients, channels with well-developed levees, generally several subbottom reflectors on 3.5-kHz records, and fine-grained sediments; middle fan—1:110–1:200 gradients, channels with very subdued levees, several to few sub- bottom reflectors on 3.5-kHz records, and chaotic and discontinuous reflections on multichannel seismic (MCS) records; lower fan—1:250 gradients, small channels and relatively smooth seafloor, generally coarsegrained sediments, few or no subbottom reflectors on 3.5-kHz records, and flat continuous reflections on MCS records. In addition to the turbidity currents, slumping along the continental slope and elsewhere also influenced sedimentation in the fan.
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  • 94
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    Chemical composition of the lipopoysaccharides of Rhodobacter sulfidophilus, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, and Rhodopseudomonas blastica (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Archives of Microbiology, 143 (1). pp. 32-36.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-22
    Description: The lipopolysaccharides of Rhodobacter sulfidophilus and the two budding species Rhodopseudomonas acidophila and Rhodopseudomonas blastica were isolated and chemically analyzed. The all have a lipid A backbone structure with glucosamine as the only amino sugar. The lipid A's of Rb. sulfidophilus and Rps. blastica contain phosphate, their fatty acids are characterized by ester-linked, unsubstituted 3-OH-10:0 and amide-linked 3-OH-14:0 (Rb. sulfidophilus) or 3-oxo-14:0 (Rps. blastica). Lipid A of Rps. acidophila is free of phosphate and contains the rare 3-OH-16:0 fatty acid in amide linkage. The lipopolysaccharides of all three species contain 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate (KDO) but are devoid of heptoses. Neutral sugars with the exception of glucose are lacking in the lipopolysaccharide of Rb. sulfidophilus. This shows a high galacturonic acid content. The lipopolysaccharides of Rps. acidophila and Rps. blastica have neutral sugar spectra indicative for typical O-chains (rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucose in both species, and in Rps. blastica additionally 2-O-methyl-6-deoxy-hexose). The taxonomic value of the data is discussed.
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    Biocalcification through time: environmental challenge and cellular response (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 59 (1-2). pp. 15-33.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-25
    Description: A concept explaining biocalcification as a form of calcium detoxification is advanced using geochemical and paleontological criteria. The first appearence of calcareous skeletons at the turn of the Precambrian/Cambrian is interpreted as a biotic response to a gradual rise of Ca2+ in world ocean resulting in Ca2+ stress environments in shelf areas. Periodic appearance in the Phanerozoic record of heavily calcified marine biota, absent or relic in modern seas, suggests considerable temporal fluctuations of calcium concentrations in the ancient ocean. Temporal changes in Ca2+ and mineral nutrient contents in the environment can thus be seen as overriding factors in the evolution of organisms.
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    German approaches to continental deep drilling (1985)
    Springer
    In:  In: Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling I : proceedings of the international symposium held in Tarrytown, May 20-25, 1984. , ed. by Raleigh, C. B. Exploration of the deep continental crust . Springer, Berlin (u.a.), pp. 6-15. ISBN 3-540-15873-1 ; 0-387-15873-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-02
    Description: For most earth scientists outside the USSR, plans for deep continental crustal drilling seem unrealistic. It will be even harder to convince money-spending organizations or personalities of their feasability. Therefore, we ourselves should continually have in mind an introduction to lectures that Patrick Winston from MIT uses to sell Artificial Intelligence: "If you are a skeptic, I want to make you a believer - and if you are a believer, I want to make you a skeptic."
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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    Variation of environmental features and microbial populations with salt concentrations in a multi-pond saltern (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Microbial Ecology, 11 (2). pp. 107-115.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-20
    Description: A multi-pond saltern that creates a gradient of salt concentrations has been studied with respect to some characteristics of the resulting environments and their microbial populations. The increase in salt concentration was correlated with increase in diurnal temperature and biomass present and with decrease in oxygen concentrations. Many types of organisms below 15% (w/v) total salts, were found, many of them normal inhabitants of seawater and even freshwater. Most organisms over 15% salts were halophilic. The salt concentrations comprised two ranges, each characterized by different microbial populations. First, between 15 and 30% salts, the populations ofDunaliella increased, reaching large numbers; moderately halophilic eubacteria and some fast-growing halobacteria predominated as heterotrophic microorganisms and, among the first, thePseudomonas-Alteromonas-Alcaligenes group andVibrio were the more abundant taxonomic groups; and gram-positive cocci appeared mainly over 25% salts. Phototrophic bacteria, both oxygenic and anoxygenic, were also found in this range, and among the anoxygenic type,Chromatium species andRodospirillum salexigens were probably predominant. Second, over 30% salts the diversity decreased greatly, all organisms found at the lower salt concentrations disappeared, and instead large populations of halobacteria developed. Over 50% salts, only three species of halobacteria were found.
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    Cephalopod Prey of the Sub-Antarctic Fur Seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, at Gough Island (1985)
    Springer
    In:  In: Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs. , ed. by Siegfried, W. R., Condy, P. R. and Laws, R. M. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 551-554. ISBN 978-3-642-82277-3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: The Sub-Antarctic Fur Seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, at Gough Island preys predominantly on cephalopods, but includes relatively small quantities of fish in its diet. Stomachs of Fur Seals (n = 220) culled on land were either empty (32%), contained only stones (8%) or contained almost exclusively prey remains resistant to digestion, such as cephalopod pens, ‘beaks’, eye balls, fish bones and otoliths. The pooled cephalopod lower beaks (n = 424) that could be identified (n = 337), showed that Ommastrephidae (52.5%), Histioteuthidae (25.2%), Onychoteuthidae (19.9%), Cranchiidae (2.1%) and Octopoteuthidae (0.3%) constituted the main prey items based on frequency of occurrence. Cephalopod mass estimates, from regression of lower rostral lengths against mass, approximated this relative arrangement of cephalopod families.
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  • 99
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    Barotropic tides in the Northeast Atlantic inferred from moored current meter data (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 38 (1). pp. 7-22.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-02
    Description: Current data obtained from 7 moorings in the Northeast Atlantic in the course of many years are analysed with respect to semi-diurnal barotropic and baroclinic tides and diurnal barotropic tides. For semi-diurnal tides M2 and S2 the energy distribution is usually dominated by the barotropic mode; only in a few cases does the first-order baroclinic mode contain higher energy. Barotropic tidal ellipse orientations are found to be consistent with results from earlier tide gauge observations in this area. Significant deviations occur, however, in amplitudes. Results for the diurnal component K1 are also presented. With few exceptions, tides are found to be progressive waves in this area. The current ellipse pattern is similar to results obtained indirectly by Cartwright, Edden, Spencer et al. [1980] from tide gauge observations.
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  • 100
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    Vertical distribution and feeding patterns of midwater fish in the central equatorial Atlantic (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 85 (3). pp. 313-322.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-27
    Description: Fishes and zooplankton were obtained (March-April 1979 and partly in August 1974) from 45 hauls taken during the day and at night in the central equatorial Atlantic between Latitude 3 ~ and 2 ~ from the surface to 1250-m depth, using the RMT 1+8, a combined opening-closing plankton and micronekton trawl. The vertical distribution of 30 myctophid species is described. All species migrate in a diel pattern, Ceratoscopelus warmingii and Lampanyctus photonotus down to at least 1250 m. During daytime most species aggregated at 400- to 700-m depth, therefore only partly occupying the depth of the Deep Scattering Layer (400 to 500 m at 15 kHz). The feeding patterns of seven of the most abundant species were compared, with a total of 1 905 stomach contents being analysed. All seven species are regarded as opportunistic predators, which feed predominantly during the night on calanoid copepods. A total of 66 species of calanoid copepods were identified among the prey items, with smaller species definitely being in the minority. Stomachs of C. warmingii (700 to 1 250 m depth) and Lepidophanes guentheri (500 to 900 m depth) from daytime samples contained copepod species restricted to the upper 150 m of the water column, including Undinula vulgaris, Nannocalanus minor, and Euchaeta marina, thereby confirming an extended vertical migration of predators. Differences in diet and preferences between species in their total food spectrum are described.
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