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  • Weitere Quellen  (399)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (329)
  • American Geophysical Union
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  • 1
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    Present-day stress orientations adjacent to active strike-slip faults: California and Sumatra (1992)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 97, no. 8, pp. 11995-12013, pp. 2340, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992
    Schlagwort(e): Stress ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; 16 ; (Structural ; Geology) ; 18 ; (Geophysics, ; Solid ; Earth) ; JGR ; California ; tectonophysics ; crust ; Indonesia ; structural ; geology ; neotectonics ; faults ; displacements ; active ; faults ; Pacific ; Coast ; Western ; U.S. ; United ; States ; San ; Andreas ; Fault ; Far ; East ; Asia ; Sumatra ; strike-slip ; faults ; borehole ; breakouts ; earthquakes ; focal ; mechanism ; plate ; tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 2
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    Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Handbook of mineralogy ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Handbook of physics ; Geochemistry
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 3
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    Computational Seismology and Geodynamics (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  London, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN-10: 1-84628-053-2, ISBN-13:978-1-84628-053-5, eISBN 1-84628-054-0, xx + 591 pp. + CD-ROM)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; GeodesyY ; Synthetic seismograms
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 4
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    Geology of the USSR: A Plate-Tectonic Synthesis (1990)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN: 0-444-51340-X)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990
    Schlagwort(e): EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Handbook of geology ; Geol. aspects ; Plate tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 5
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    Unbekannt
    Elastic constants of mantle minerals at high temperature (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 37, pp. 64-97, (ISBN 3-540-24988-5)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Laboratory measurements ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article ; Mineralogy
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 6
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    Unbekannt
    Effect of water on the experimental deformation of olivine (1972)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Flow and Fracture of Rocks, Washington, D. C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 16, no. 16, pp. 109-115, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1972
    Schlagwort(e): Fluids ; Physical properties of rocks ; Laboratory measurements ; Rock mechanics
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 7
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    The effect of finite bandwidth on seismic scaling relationships (1986)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 275-283, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1986
    Schlagwort(e): Spectrum ; Source parameters ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 8
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    Seismic anisotropy, flow, and constitution of the upper mantle (1972)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Flow and Fracture of Rocks, Washington, D. C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 16, no. 16, pp. 167-190, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1972
    Schlagwort(e): Physical properties of rocks ; Seismology ; Anisotropy ; earth mantle ; ConvolutionE
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 9
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    Seismicity modeling and earthquake prediction: A review (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 24, no. 231, pp. 7-13, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Modelling ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; criticality ; Review article ; Chaotic behaviour ; FractureT
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 10
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    Seismic traveltime tables (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 126-143, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Seismology ; Travel time ; Handbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 11
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    Chaos: A historical perspective (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 1-5, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Non-linear effects ; Chaotic behaviour
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 12
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    Vincit Veritas: A Portrait of the Life and Work of Norman Abraham Haskell, 1905-1970 (1990)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 96, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-471-95596-5)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear explosion ; Textbook of geophysics ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 13
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    Classification of rocks and their abundances on the Earth (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 14, no. 16, pp. 1-7, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Physical properties of rocks ; Mineralogy ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 14
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    Isotopic decay data (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 271-282, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; radioactivity ; Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics
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  • 15
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    Unbekannt
    Pore pressure in geophysics (1972)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Flow and Fracture of Rocks, Washington, D. C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 16, no. 16, pp. 265-273, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1972
    Schlagwort(e): Fluids ; Physical properties of rocks ; Rock mechanics ; Laboratory measurements
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 16
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    Unbekannt
    Rheology of rocks (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1002, no. 231, pp. 148-165, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Rheology ; Inelastic ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 17
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    Unbekannt
    Deformation of non-Newtonian materials in simple shear (1972)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Flow and Fracture of Rocks, Washington, D. C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 16, no. XVI:, pp. 243-258, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1972
    Schlagwort(e): Rock mechanics ; Laboratory measurements ; Inelastic ; Physical properties of rocks
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 18
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    Plasticity of single crystals of synthetic quartz (1972)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Flow and Fracture of Rocks, Washington, D. C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 16, no. XVI:, pp. 29-53, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1972
    Schlagwort(e): Rheology ; Physical properties of rocks ; Inelastic ; Laboratory measurements ; Rock mechanics
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 19
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    Seismic models of the Earth: Elastic and anelastic (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 88-103, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Rheology ; Seismology
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  • 20
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    Free oscillations: Frequencies and attenuations (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 104-125, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Attenuation ; Rheology
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  • 21
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    Acoustic velocity and attenuation in porous rocks (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 20-34, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Physical properties of rocks ; Attenuation ; porosity ; Velocity ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 22
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    Deep-crustal seismology of continental margins (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 28, pp. 309-314
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Plate tectonics ; Review article
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  • 23
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    Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of Silicates and Oxides in geochemistry and geophysics (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 24, no. 16, pp. 303-331, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): NMR ; Spectrum ; Spectral analysis ; Geochemistry ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 24
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    Natural radioactivity of the crust and mantle (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 283-291, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; radioactivity ; isotopes ; Geothermics
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 25
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    Dense seismograph array observations of earthquake rupture dynamics (1986)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 285-296, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1986
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Seismic networks ; Fracture ; Source
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  • 26
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    Plate motions and crustal deformation (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 302, pp. 365-369
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Plate tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Seismicity ; Geodesy ; Review article
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  • 27
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    Magnitudes and moments of earthquakes (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, pp. 206-213
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Seismology ; Magnitude ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; seismic Moment
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  • 28
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    Implication of attenuation for studies of the earthquake source (1986)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 37, pp. 311-318, (ISBN 3-540-24988-5)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1986
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Source ; Attenuation
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  • 29
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    Thermal conductivity of rocks and minerals (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 105-126, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Geothermics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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  • 30
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    Electrical conductivity models of the crust and the mantle (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. XVI:, pp. 190-205, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Geoelectrics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 31
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    On simulating large earthquakes by Green's-function addition of smaller earthquakes (1986)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 269-274, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1986
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Green's function ; Source
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  • 32
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    Models of mantle viscosity (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 227-236, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Rheology ; Inelastic ; Modelling ; Review article ; Geothermics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 33
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    Model for aftershock occurrence (1972)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Flow and Fracture of Rocks, Washington, D. C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 259-263, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1972
    Schlagwort(e): Modelling ; Aftershocks ; Seismology ; Seismicity
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  • 34
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    Is the dynamics of the lithosphere chaotic? (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 37-41, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Dynamic ; Chaotic behaviour ; Non-linear effects
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  • 35
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    Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 23-40, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Seismology ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Volcanology ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earth rotation ; Geochemistry ; Nuclear explosion ; Source ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; GeodesyY ; Chaotic behaviour ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Rock mechanics ; remote ; sensing ; Mineralogy ; Geodesy ; Global Positioning System ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; Satellite Laser Ranging ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Planetology
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  • 36
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    Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Handbook of geophysics ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Handbook of physics
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  • 37
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    Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Handbook of geophysics ; Plate tectonics ; TIDES ; Geomagnetics ; Geothermics ; Seismology ; Geoelectrics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Paleomagnetism ; isotopes ; Geochemistry ; Oceanography ; Volcanology ; physical ; constants
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  • 38
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    Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, 107 pp., American Geophysical Union, vol. IUGG Volume 18, no. 85, pp. 799-804, (ISBN 3-540-23219-2)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Non-linear effects ; FractureT ; Chaotic behaviour ; SOC ; criticality ; Textbook of geophysics ; Dynamic ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 39
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    Objective determination of source parameters and similarity of earthquakes of different size (1986)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 37, pp. 259-267, (ISBN 3-540-24988-5)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1986
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Source parameters ; Seismicity
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  • 40
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    Seismic slip, aseismic slip, and the mechanics of repeating earthquakes on the Calaveras fault, California (1986)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 195-207, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1986
    Schlagwort(e): Source parameters ; Fault zone ; Inelastic ; Creep observations and analysis ; Source ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 41
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    Self-organized criticality: Consequences for statistics and predictability of earthquakes (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 69-74, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): SOC ; Chaotic behaviour ; Non-linear effects ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity
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  • 42
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    Elasticity of minerals, glasses, and melts (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 17, no. 16, pp. 303-331, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Mineralogy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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  • 43
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    Earthquakes and temperatures in the lower crust below the northern alpine foreland of Switzerland (1989)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Properties and Processes of the Earth's Lower Crust, Oxford, American Geophysical Union, vol. 54, no. 16, pp. 197-213, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1989
    Schlagwort(e): CRUST ; Geothermics ; Inelastic ; Muller
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  • 44
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    Present plate motions and plate boundaries (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 66-87, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Plate tectonics ; Modelling ; Review article ; Geodesy ; Paleomagnetism
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  • 45
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    Nonlinear dynamics of the transition from stable sliding to cyclic stick-slip in rock (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 15-35, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Non-linear effects ; Friction ; Fracture ; Physical properties of rocks
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  • 46
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    Rock failure (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 127-147, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Rock mechanics ; Geochemistry ; Physical properties of rocks ; Mineralogy ; Review article
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  • 47
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    The precursor of instability for nonlinear systems and its application to earthquake prediction - the load-unload response ratio theory (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 55-60, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Non-linear effects ; Earthquake precursor: stresses ; Modelling ; Stress
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  • 48
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    Seismic source modeling (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. SC.TECH./SEM.16/R.60, pp. 299-308
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Source ; Modelling ; Seismology ; Review article
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  • 49
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    Lithosphere dynamics and continental deformation (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. SC.TECH./SEM.16/R.60, pp. 379-383
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Tectonics ; rifting ; basins ; Fault zone ; Stress ; Fluids ; Review article
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  • 50
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    Earthquake geodesy and hazard monitoring (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. M79-E-11 [79127 Arto 129], pp. 249-255, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Earthquake hazard ; Review article
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  • 51
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    Crustal deformation (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-91-2097, pp. 371-377, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; Satellite Laser Ranging ; Global Positioning System ; Plate tectonics ; Review article
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  • 52
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    Intraslab earthquakes and phase changes in subducting lithosphere (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 25, pp. 287-297, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Source ; Mineralogy ; Hypocentral depth ; Review article
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  • 53
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    Marine geodynamics: Depth-age revisited (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-88-0314, pp. 413-418, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Plate tectonics ; evolution ; GeodesyY ; Review article
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  • 54
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    Volcanic eruptions, prediction, hazard assessment, remote sensing, and societal implications (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. paper SPWLA 90-H, pp. 257-262, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Volcanology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake hazard ; Review article
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  • 55
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    Seismology and the test ban: A new era (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 89-144, pp. 269-273, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; Review article
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  • 56
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    Rock deformation: Ductile and brittle (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 57, pp. 451-457, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Rock mechanics ; Rheology ; Review article
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  • 57
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    New ideas about the physics of earthquakes (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1034, no. SAND 80-2048, pp. 283-286, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Source ; Seismology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Review article
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  • 58
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    Volcano seismology, hazards assessment (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 70, pp. 263-267, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Volcanology ; Earthquake hazard ; Seismology ; Review article
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  • 59
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    Chaos, fractals, nonlinear phenomena in Earth sciences (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 91-N-FA07-7-4, pp. 341-343, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Chaotic behaviour ; FractureT ; Non-linear effects ; Review article
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  • 60
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    Dynamics of a seismic regime: Vrancea - a case history (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 3, no. 16, pp. 43-53, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake ; Dynamic ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth
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  • 61
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    Period-doubling bifurcation and chaotic phenomena in a single degree of freedom elastic system with a two-state variable friction law (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 75-80, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Chaotic behaviour ; Friction
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  • 62
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    Earthquake prediction, societal implications (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, no. 43, pp. 243-247
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake risk ; Review article
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  • 63
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    Nonlinear dynamic modeling of earthquake prediction (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 5, no. 16, pp. 81-89, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    Schlagwort(e): Modelling ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: models ; Chaotic behaviour
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  • 64
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    Heat flow of the Earth (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 144-158, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Geothermics ; Review article
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  • 65
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    Crustal structure of the Earth (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 214-224, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Velocity depth profile ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust)
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  • 66
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    Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano (2001)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 409 (6821). pp. 698-701.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-04
    Beschreibung: Tropical South America is one of the three main centres of the global, zonal overturning circulation of the equatorial atmosphere (generally termed the 'Walker' circulation1). Although this area plays a key role in global climate cycles, little is known about South American climate history. Here we describe sediment cores and down-hole logging results of deep drilling in the Salar de Uyuni, on the Bolivian Altiplano, located in the tropical Andes. We demonstrate that during the past 50,000 years the Altiplano underwent important changes in effective moisture at both orbital (20,000-year) and millennial timescales. Long-duration wet periods, such as the Last Glacial Maximum—marked in the drill core by continuous deposition of lacustrine sediments—appear to have occurred in phase with summer insolation maxima produced by the Earth's precessional cycle. Short-duration, millennial events correlate well with North Atlantic cold events, including Heinrich events 1 and 2, as well as the Younger Dryas episode. At both millennial and orbital timescales, cold sea surface temperatures in the high-latitude North Atlantic were coeval with wet conditions in tropical South America, suggesting a common forcing.
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  • 67
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    Master recyclers: features and functions of bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12 (10). pp. 686-698.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-23
    Beschreibung: Marine phytoplankton blooms are annual spring events that sustain active and diverse bloom-associated bacterial populations. Blooms vary considerably in terms of eukaryotic species composition and environmental conditions, but a limited number of heterotrophic bacterial lineages — primarily members of the Flavobacteriia, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria — dominate these communities. In this Review, we discuss the central role that these bacteria have in transforming phytoplankton-derived organic matter and thus in biogeochemical nutrient cycling. On the basis of selected field and laboratory-based studies of flavobacteria and roseobacters, distinct metabolic strategies are emerging for these archetypal phytoplankton-associated taxa, which provide insights into the underlying mechanisms that dictate their behaviours during blooms.
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  • 68
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    Imprint of Southern Ocean eddies on winds, clouds and rainfall (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 6 (8). pp. 608-612.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-24
    Beschreibung: Owing to the turbulent nature of the ocean, mesoscale eddies are omnipresent. The impact of these transitory and approximately circular sea surface temperature fronts on the overlying atmosphere is not well known. Stationary fronts such as the Gulf Stream have been reported to lead to pronounced atmospheric changes1, 2. However, the impact of transient ocean eddies on the atmosphere has not been determined systematically, except on winds and to some extent clouds3, 4, 5, 6. Here, we examine the atmospheric conditions associated with over 600,000 individual eddies in the Southern Ocean, using satellite data. We show that ocean eddies locally affect near-surface wind, cloud properties and rainfall. The observed pattern of atmospheric change is consistent with a mechanism in which sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the oceanic eddies modify turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. In the case of cyclonic eddies, this modification triggers a slackening of near-surface winds, a decline in cloud fraction and water content, and a reduction in rainfall. We conclude that transient mesoscale ocean structures can significantly affect much larger atmospheric low-pressure systems that swiftly pass by at the latitudes investigated.
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  • 69
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    Solar forcing of winter climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 4 (11). pp. 753-757.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-27
    Beschreibung: An influence of solar irradiance variations on Earth’s surface climate has been repeatedly suggested, based on correlations between solar variability and meteorological variables1. Specifically, weaker westerly winds have been observed in winters with a less active sun, for example at the minimum phase of the 11-year sunspot cycle2, 3, 4. With some possible exceptions5, 6, it has proved difficult for climate models to consistently reproduce this signal7, 8. Spectral Irradiance Monitor satellite measurements indicate that variations in solar ultraviolet irradiance may be larger than previously thought9. Here we drive an ocean–atmosphere climate model with ultraviolet irradiance variations based on these observations. We find that the model responds to the solar minimum with patterns in surface pressure and temperature that resemble the negative phase of the North Atlantic or Arctic Oscillation, of similar magnitude to observations. In our model, the anomalies descend through the depth of the extratropical winter atmosphere. If the updated measurements of solar ultraviolet irradiance are correct, low solar activity, as observed during recent years, drives cold winters in northern Europe and the United States, and mild winters over southern Europe and Canada, with little direct change in globally averaged temperature. Given the quasiregularity of the 11-year solar cycle, our findings may help improve decadal climate predictions for highly populated extratropical regions
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  • 70
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    Structure of a methyl-coenzyme M reductase from Black Sea mats that oxidize methane anaerobically (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 481 (7379). pp. 98-101.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-20
    Beschreibung: The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulphate, an area currently generating great interest in microbiology, is accomplished by consortia of methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulphate-reducing bacteria1, 2. The enzyme activating methane in methanotrophic archaea has tentatively been identified as a homologue of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) that catalyses the methane-forming step in methanogenic archaea3, 4. Here we report an X-ray structure of the 280 kDa heterohexameric ANME-1 MCR complex. It was crystallized uniquely from a protein ensemble purified from consortia of microorganisms collected with a submersible from a Black Sea mat catalysing AOM with sulphate4. Crystals grown from the heterogeneous sample diffract to 2.1 Å resolution and consist of a single ANME-1 MCR population, demonstrating the strong selective power of crystallization. The structure revealed ANME-1 MCR in complex with coenzyme M and coenzyme B, indicating the same substrates for MCR from methanotrophic and methanogenic archaea. Differences between the highly similar structures of ANME-1 MCR and methanogenic MCR include a F430 modification, a cysteine-rich patch and an altered post-translational amino acid modification pattern, which may tune the enzymes for their functions in different biological contexts.
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    A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont (2002)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 417 (6884). pp. 63-67.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-07
    Beschreibung: According to small subunit ribosomal RNA (ss rRNA) sequence comparisons all known Archaea belong to the phyla Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and—indicated only by environmental DNA sequences—to the 'Korarchaeota'1, 2. Here we report the cultivation of a new nanosized hyperthermophilic archaeon from a submarine hot vent. This archaeon cannot be attached to one of these groups and therefore must represent an unknown phylum which we name 'Nanoarchaeota' and species, which we name 'Nanoarchaeum equitans'. Cells of 'N. equitans' are spherical, and only about 400 nm in diameter. They grow attached to the surface of a specific archaeal host, a new member of the genus Ignicoccus3. The distribution of the 'Nanoarchaeota' is so far unknown. Owing to their unusual ss rRNA sequence, members remained undetectable by commonly used ecological studies based on the polymerase chain reaction4. 'N. equitans' harbours the smallest archaeal genome; it is only 0.5 megabases in size. This organism will provide insight into the evolution of thermophily, of tiny genomes and of interspecies communication.
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  • 72
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    Natural habitat of coelacanths (1990)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 346 (6282). pp. 323-324.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-10
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  • 73
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    Hydrothermal contribution to the oceanic dissolved iron inventory (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 3 (4). pp. 252-256.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-28
    Beschreibung: Iron limits phytoplankton growth and hence the biological carbon pump in the Southern Ocean1. Models assessing the impacts of iron on the global carbon cycle generally rely on dust input and sediment resuspension as the predominant sources2, 3. Although it was previously thought that most iron from deep-ocean hydrothermal activity was inaccessible to phytoplankton because of the formation of particulates4, it has been suggested that iron from hydrothermal activity5, 6, 7 may be an important source of oceanic dissolved iron8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Here we use a global ocean model to assess the impacts of an annual dissolved iron flux of approximately 9×108 mol, as estimated from regional observations of hydrothermal activity11, 12, on the dissolved iron inventory of the world’s oceans. We find the response to the input of hydrothermal dissolved iron is greatest in the Southern Hemisphere oceans. In particular, observations of the distribution of dissolved iron in the Southern Ocean3 (Chever et al., manuscript in preparation; Bowie et al., manuscript in preparation) can be replicated in our simulations only when our estimated iron flux from hydrothermal sources is included. As the hydrothermal flux of iron is relatively constant over millennial timescales14, we propose that hydrothermal activity can buffer the oceanic dissolved iron inventory against shorter-term fluctuations in dust deposition.
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  • 74
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    Emerging patterns of marine nitrogen fixation (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 9 (7). pp. 499-508.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-23
    Beschreibung: Biological N2 fixation is an important part of the marine nitrogen cycle as it provides a source of new nitrogen that can support biological carbon export and sequestration. Research in the past decade has focused on determining the patterns of distribution and abundance of diazotrophs, defining the environmental features leading to these patterns and characterizing the factors that constrain marine N2 fixation overall. In this Review, we describe how variations in the deposition of iron from dust to different ocean basins affects the limiting nutrient for N2 fixation and the distribution of different diazotrophic species. However, many questions remain about marine N2 fixation, including the role of temperature, fixed nitrogen species, CO2 and physical forcing in controlling N2 fixation, as well as the potential for heterotrophic N2 fixation.
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    A daily global mesoscale ocean eddy dataset from satellite altimetry (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Data, 2 (Art. Nr. 150028).
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-24
    Beschreibung: Mesoscale ocean eddies are ubiquitous coherent rotating structures of water with radial scales on the order of 100 kilometers. Eddies play a key role in the transport and mixing of momentum and tracers across the World Ocean. We present a global daily mesoscale ocean eddy dataset that contains ~45 million mesoscale features and 3.3 million eddy trajectories that persist at least two days as identified in the AVISO dataset over a period of 1993–2014. This dataset, along with the open-source eddy identification software, extract eddies with any parameters (minimum size, lifetime, etc.), to study global eddy properties and dynamics, and to empirically estimate the impact eddies have on mass or heat transport. Furthermore, our open-source software may be used to identify mesoscale features in model simulations and compare them to observed features. Finally, this dataset can be used to study the interaction between mesoscale ocean eddies and other components of the Earth System.
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    Significant contribution of the 18.6 year tidal cycle to regional coastal changes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (3). pp. 169-172.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-13
    Beschreibung: Although rising global sea levels will affect the shape of coastlines over the coming decades1, 2, the most severe and catastrophic shoreline changes occur as a consequence of local and regional-scale processes. Changes in sediment supply3 and deltaic subsidence4, 5, both natural or anthropogenic, and the occurrences of tropical cyclones4, 5 and tsunamis6 have been shown to be the leading controls on coastal erosion. Here, we use satellite images of South American mangrove-colonized mud banks collected over the past twenty years to reconstruct changes in the extent of the shoreline between the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. The observed timing of the redistribution of sediment and migration of the mud banks along the 1,500 km muddy coast suggests the dominant control of ocean forcing by the 18.6 year nodal tidal cycle7. Other factors affecting sea level such as global warming or El Niño and La Niña events show only secondary influences on the recorded changes. In the coming decade, the 18.6 year cycle will result in an increase of mean high water levels of 6 cm along the coast of French Guiana, which will lead to a 90 m shoreline retreat.
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    The blind octopus, Cirrothauma (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 547-549.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-20
    Beschreibung: THE rare deep-sea octopod Cirrothauma murrayi Chun 1910 was first described from a single specimen caught during the Michael Sars Expedition of 1910 (ref. 1). Until now it has been caught only four more times2. We describe here three specimens of this species that were recently caught during biological cruises of RRS Discovery (Fig. 1). All of these animals, including the Discovery ones, have been caught at depths of more than 1,500 m, except one that was dip-netted through the ice of the Arctic Ocean3.
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    Metagenomic discovery of polybrominated diphenyl ether biosynthesis by marine sponges (2017)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Chemical Biology, 13 (5). pp. 537-543.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-25
    Beschreibung: Naturally produced polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) pervade the marine environment and structurally resemble toxic man-made brominated flame retardants. PBDEs bioaccumulate in marine animals and are likely transferred to the human food chain. However, the biogenic basis for PBDE production in one of their most prolific sources, marine sponges of the order Dysideidae, remains unidentified. Here, we report the discovery of PBDE biosynthetic gene clusters within sponge-microbiome-associated cyanobacterial endosymbionts through the use of an unbiased metagenome-mining approach. Using expression of PBDE biosynthetic genes in heterologous cyanobacterial hosts, we correlate the structural diversity of naturally produced PBDEs to modifications within PBDE biosynthetic gene clusters in multiple sponge holobionts. Our results establish the genetic and molecular foundation for the production of PBDEs in one of the most abundant natural sources of these molecules, further setting the stage for a metagenomic-based inventory of other PBDE sources in the marine environment.
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    Respiratory and swimming movements in the cephalopod Cranchia scabra (1962)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 196 (4852). pp. 351-352.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-09
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  • 80
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    Winter warming in West Antarctica caused by central tropical Pacific warming (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 4 (6). pp. 398-403.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-11
    Beschreibung: The Pacific sector of Antarctica, including both the Antarctic Peninsula and continental West Antarctica, has experienced substantial warming in the past 30 years. An increase in the circumpolar westerlies, owing in part to the decline in stratospheric ozone concentrations since the late 1970s, may account for warming trends in the peninsula region in austral summer and autumn. The more widespread warming in continental West Antarctica (Ellsworth Land and Marie Byrd Land) occurs primarily in austral winter and spring, and remains unexplained. Here we use observations of Antarctic surface temperature and global sea surface temperature, and atmospheric circulation data to show that recent warming in continental West Antarctica is linked to sea surface temperature changes in the tropical Pacific. Over the past 30 years, anomalous sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific have generated an atmospheric Rossby wave response that influences atmospheric circulation over the Amundsen Sea, causing increased advection of warm air to the Antarctic continent. General circulation model experiments show that the central tropical Pacific is a critical region for producing the observed high latitude response. We conclude that, by affecting the atmospheric circulation at high southern latitudes, increasing tropical sea surface temperatures may account for West Antarctic warming through most of the twentieth century.
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    The planktonic life of octopuses (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 377 (6545). p. 107.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-04
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  • 82
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    Prolonged mantle residence of zircon xenocrysts from the western Eger rift (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (12). pp. 886-890.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-04
    Beschreibung: Zircon is a common mineral in continental crustal rocks. As it is not easily altered in processes such as erosion or transport, this mineral is often used in the reconstruction of geological processes such as the formation and evolution of the continents. Zircon can also survive under conditions of the Earth’s mantle, and rare cases of zircons crystallizing in the mantle significantly before their entrainment into magma and eruption to the surface have been reported1,2,3. Here we analyse the isotopic and trace element compositions of large zircons of gem quality from the Eger rift, Bohemian massif, and find that they are derived from the mantle. (U–Th)/He analyses suggest that the zircons as well as their host basalts erupted between 29 and 24 million years ago, but fragments from the same xenocrysts reveal U–Pb ages between 51 and 83 million years. We note a lack of older volcanism and of fragments from the lower crust, which suggests that crustal residence time before eruption is negligible and that most rock fragments found in similar basalts from adjacent volcanic fields equilibrated under mantle conditions. We conclude that a specific chemical environment in this part of the Earth’s upper mantle allowed the zircons to remain intact for about 20–60 million years.
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    Biosynthesis of magnetic nanostructures in a foreign organism by transfer of bacterial magnetosome gene clusters (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Nanotechnology, 9 (3). pp. 193-197.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-24
    Beschreibung: The synthetic production of monodisperse single magnetic domain nanoparticles at ambient temperature is challenging. In nature, magnetosomes--membrane-bound magnetic nanocrystals with unprecedented magnetic properties--can be biomineralized by magnetotactic bacteria. However, these microbes are difficult to handle. Expression of the underlying biosynthetic pathway from these fastidious microorganisms within other organisms could therefore greatly expand their nanotechnological and biomedical applications. So far, this has been hindered by the structural and genetic complexity of the magnetosome organelle and insufficient knowledge of the biosynthetic functions involved. Here, we show that the ability to biomineralize highly ordered magnetic nanostructures can be transferred to a foreign recipient. Expression of a minimal set of genes from the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense resulted in magnetosome biosynthesis within the photosynthetic model organism Rhodospirillum rubrum. Our findings will enable the sustainable production of tailored magnetic nanostructures in biotechnologically relevant hosts and represent a step towards the endogenous magnetization of various organisms by synthetic biology.
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    Volcanics from the Sierra Leone Rise (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 536-538.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-22
    Beschreibung: THE Sierra Leone Rise, located in the east equatorial Atlantic, forms a discontinuous chain of seamounts as shallow as 2 km extending with a general NE–SW trend from near the Sierra Leone coast of Africa, to the St Paul fracture zone near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 1). The origin of this feature has remained a topic of discussion. Sheridan et al.1 have hypothesised that the Sierra Leone Rise is a volcanic structure formed at the beginning of the opening of the Atlantic in the early Cretaceous period. The twin features of the Sierra Leone and the Ceara Rises are probably of oceanic origin and were created 80 Myr ago or later in their present-day position with respect to Africa and South America2. The Atlantic ocean exhibits several similar aseismic structures which appear symmetrically oriented with respect to the mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Walvis–Rio Grande Rise and the Iceland Faeroes–Iceland Greenland Ridges. These structures are volcanic edifices having a composition similar to that found in their associated islands3–7. Deep sea drilling of the Ceara Rise8,9 penetrated a basaltic basement of the upper Cretaceous period (Maestrichtian) (Leg 39, Site 354). Similarly, a DSDP hole (Leg 41, Site 366) on the Sierra Leone Rise, penetrated sediments of the same period, without reaching basement10. We report here the discovery of alkali-rich volcanics in an area of the Sierra Leone Rise. The sediment overlying the rock fragments is aged ∼45 Myr.
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    Master recyclers: features and functions of bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12 (10). pp. 686-698.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-23
    Beschreibung: Marine phytoplankton blooms are annual spring events that sustain active and diverse bloom-associated bacterial populations. Blooms vary considerably in terms of eukaryotic species composition and environmental conditions, but a limited number of heterotrophic bacterial lineages — primarily members of the Flavobacteriia, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria — dominate these communities. In this Review, we discuss the central role that these bacteria have in transforming phytoplankton-derived organic matter and thus in biogeochemical nutrient cycling. On the basis of selected field and laboratory-based studies of flavobacteria and roseobacters, distinct metabolic strategies are emerging for these archetypal phytoplankton-associated taxa, which provide insights into the underlying mechanisms that dictate their behaviours during blooms.
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    Precise single-grain 40Ar/39 Ar dating of a cold to warm climate transition in Central Europe (1989)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 342 (6249). pp. 523-525.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-02
    Beschreibung: RECENT advances in 40Ar/39Ar dating1,2 have made it possible to date individual K-feldspar grains from Pleistocene tephra, a capability that greatly improves the reliability and temporal resolving power of the method. Here we apply these new techniques to the dating of a phonolite tephra from the East Eifel volcanic field in West Germany, which is sandwiched between loess and palaeosol (alfisol) deposits, and which was therefore erupted during the transition from a glacial to an interglacial period. Our age estimate for this transition is 215±4 kyr (1 σ), which has important implications for the marine δ18O timescale and for models of global climate change during the Pleistocene. The results show that single-grain dating can detect and compensate for the large quantities of xenocrystic contaminants which are found in many tephra deposits. This technique could be used to date the tephra layers found in marine sediment cores and the results could greatly enhance the reliability of the marine δ18O timescale for more rigorous Fourier analysis testing of the Milankovitch hypothesis.
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    Life cycles, fitness decoupling and the evolution of multicellularity (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 515 (7525). pp. 75-79.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2018-04-03
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  • 88
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    Meltwater and Deglaciation, SE Baffin Shelf (NE Margin Laurentide Ice Sheet) Between 13.5 and 7 KA: From O and C Stable Isotopic Data (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Paleoceanography, 6 (5). pp. 621-637.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-15
    Beschreibung: Stable isotopic values on planktonic foraminifera in a suite of cores from basins across the SE Baffin Shelf are used to extract a record of meltwater events during Termination I deglaciation. Resolution and Hatton basins lie on the SE Baffin Shelf at water depths 〉 500 m, seaward of major conduits for ice drainage from the eastern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). Accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates are used to constrain our chronology of events in ten cores. In Resolution Basin, three cores have 14C AMS dates on foraminifera of 〉 20 ka at their bases; whereas Hatton Basin cores terminate in sediments 〈 13 kyr. Sedimentation rates varied between 0.1 to 4.5 m/ka. Stable oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios were obtained on 146 samples of the planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) sinistral, from seven of the ten cores. No evidence was found to indicate that test morphology or size affected ∂18O. Between 7 and 13.5 ka the surface water on the shelf was on average 1 ‰ lower than the open ocean signal. Significant temporal variations were found in both ∂18O and ∂13C. Evidence for significant low ∂18O events occurred between 13 and 8 ka. The ∂13C record from the planktonic foraminifera suggests a threefold division of events between 13 and 7 ka, with positive values between 10.8 and 13.0 ka, negative values between 9 and 10.8 ka, and positive values from 7 to 9 ka. The ∂18O data suggest the presence of meltwater on the shelf some 3,000 years prior to the first late glacial dates on terrestrial deglaciation (at circa 10.4 ka). “Hudson Strait must be the real key to the importance of the calving process during deglaciation, because it is potentially the largest marine outlet for the Laurentide Ice Sheet and because it leads into the very center of the ice sheet.....the rates of calving through Hudson Strait during the period of initial ∂18O rise unfortunately are unknown.”
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  • 89
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    Octopod 'ballooning' response (1992)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 356 (6366). p. 199.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-14
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  • 90
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    How do plants achieve immunity? Defence without specialized immune cells (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Immunology, 12 (2). pp. 89-100.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-23
    Beschreibung: Vertebrates have evolved a sophisticated adaptive immune system that relies on an almost infinite diversity of antigen receptors that are clonally expressed by specialized immune cells that roam the circulatory system. These immune cells provide vertebrates with extraordinary antigen-specific immune capacity and memory, while minimizing self-reactivity. Plants, however, lack specialized mobile immune cells. Instead, every plant cell is thought to be capable of launching an effective immune response. So how do plants achieve specific, self-tolerant immunity and establish immune memory? Recent developments point towards a multilayered plant innate immune system comprised of self-surveillance, systemic signalling and chromosomal changes that together establish effective immunity.
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    Genome-wide survey of recurrent HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Genetics, 44 (7). pp. 765-769.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-18
    Beschreibung: To survey hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration in liver cancer genomes, we conducted massively parallel sequencing of 81 HBV-positive and 7 HBV-negative hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and adjacent normal tissues. We found that HBV integration is observed more frequently in the tumors (86.4%) than in adjacent liver tissues (30.7%). Copy-number variations (CNVs) were significantly increased at HBV breakpoint locations where chromosomal instability was likely induced. Approximately 40% of HBV breakpoints within the HBV genome were located within a 1,800-bp region where the viral enhancer, X gene and core gene are located. We also identified recurrent HBV integration events (in ≥4 HCCs) that were validated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Sanger sequencing at the known and putative cancer-related TERT, MLL4 and CCNE1 genes, which showed upregulated gene expression in tumor versus normal tissue. We also report evidence that suggests that the number of HBV integrations is associated with patient survival.
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    Activity levels of Nautilus in the wild (1993)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 362 (6421). pp. 626-628.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-07
    Beschreibung: WHILE ammonites and all other ectocochleate cephalopods became extinct, nautiloids survived relatively unchanged from the Ordovician, suggesting that they are unusually well adapted to their niche. Here we obtain high-resolution tracks of Nautilus positions and depths, combined with telemetered jet pressures, which clarify both its lifestyle and economics. Nautilus is more active in nature than in captivity1, but its energy costs are lower than projected2,3. Viewing Nautilus as 'vertic', rather than benthic, resolves this contradiction. Records show that the cost of transport is the same in any direction within a vertical plane. Living on a reef face swept by a lateral current means that vertical movements4,5 sample large areas for chemical trails. A detected trail can be followed upcurrent in the slow-moving boundary layer, but no effort is wasted on horizontal movement without good prospects for food; long-range movements are downcurrent and made by drifting. Once fed, a Nautilus can reduce its energy costs by moving to deeper, cooler waters, where a single meal can last for months.
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    Close encounter in the deep (1994)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6498). p. 563.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-10
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    Increased capture of magma in the crust promoted by ice-cap retreat in Iceland (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 4 (11). pp. 783-786.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-16
    Beschreibung: Climate warming at the end of the last glaciation caused ice caps on Icelandic volcanoes to retreat. Removal of surface ice load is thought to have decreased pressures in the underlying mantle, triggering decompression melting, enhanced magma generation and increased volcanic activity1–3. Present-day climate change could have the same effect, although there may be a time lag of hundreds of years between magma generation and eruption4,5. However, in addition to increased magma generation, pressure changes associated with ice retreat should also alter the capacity for storing magma within the crust. Here we use a numerical model to evaluate the effect of the current decrease in ice load on magma storage in the crust at the Kverkfjöll volcanic system, located partially beneath Iceland’s largest ice cap. We compare the model results with radar and global positioning system measurements of surface displacement and changes in crustal stress between 2007 and 2008, during the intrusion of a deep dyke at Upptyppingar. We find that although the main component of stress recorded during dyke intrusion relates to plate extension, another component of stress is consistent with the stress field caused by the retreating ice cap. We conclude that the retreating ice cap led to enhanced capture of magma within the crust. We suggest that ice-cap retreat can promote magma storage, rather than eruption, at least in the short term.
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    Magnitude of oceanic nitrogen fixation influenced by the nutrient uptake ratio of phytoplankton (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 3 (6). pp. 412-416.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-12-21
    Beschreibung: The elemental stoichiometry of sea water and particulate organic matter is remarkably similar. This observation led Redfield to hypothesize that the oceanic ratio of nitrate to phosphate is controlled by the remineralization of phytoplankton biomass1. The Redfield ratio is used universally to quantitatively link the marine nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in numerous biogeochemical applications2,3,4. Yet, empirical and theoretical studies show that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in phytoplankton varies greatly with taxa5,6 and growth conditions7,8,9. Here we present a dynamic five-box ecosystem model showing that non-Redfield utilization of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus by non-nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton controls the magnitude and distribution of nitrogen fixation. In our simulations, systems dominated by rapidly growing phytoplankton with low nitrogen to phosphorus uptake ratios reduce the phosphorus available for nitrogen fixation. In contrast, in systems dominated by slow-growing phytoplankton with high nitrogen to phosphorus uptake ratios nitrogen deficits are enhanced, and nitrogen fixation is promoted. We show that estimates of nitrogen fixation are up to fourfold too high when non-Redfield uptake stoichiometries are ignored. We suggest that the relative abundance of fast- and slow-growing phytoplankton controls the amount of new nitrogen added to the ocean.
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    Discovery of microbial natural products by activation of silent biosynthetic gene clusters (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13 (8). pp. 509-523.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-23
    Beschreibung: Microorganisms produce a wealth of structurally diverse specialized metabolites with a remarkable range of biological activities and a wide variety of applications in medicine and agriculture, such as the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer, and the prevention of crop damage. Genomics has revealed that many microorganisms have far greater potential to produce specialized metabolites than was thought from classic bioactivity screens; however, realizing this potential has been hampered by the fact that many specialized metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are not expressed in laboratory cultures. In this Review, we discuss the strategies that have been developed in bacteria and fungi to identify and induce the expression of such silent BGCs, and we briefly summarize methods for the isolation and structural characterization of their metabolic products.
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    Termination of global warmth at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary through productivity feedback (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 407 (6801). pp. 171-174.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-04
    Beschreibung: The onset of the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (about 55 Myr ago) was marked by global surface temperatures warming by 5–7 °C over approximately 30,000 yr (ref. 1), probably because of enhanced mantle outgassing2, 3 and the pulsed release of approx1,500 gigatonnes of methane carbon from decomposing gas-hydrate reservoirs4, 5, 6, 7. The aftermath of this rapid, intense and global warming event may be the best example in the geological record of the response of the Earth to high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and high temperatures. This response has been suggested to include an intensified flux of organic carbon from the ocean surface to the deep ocean and its subsequent burial through biogeochemical feedback mechanisms8. Here we present firm evidence for this view from two ocean drilling cores, which record the largest accumulation rates of biogenic barium—indicative of export palaeoproductivity—at times of maximum global temperatures and peak excursion values of delta13C. The unusually rapid return of delta13C to values similar to those before the methane release7 and the apparent coupling of the accumulation rates of biogenic barium to temperature, suggests that the enhanced deposition of organic matter to the deep sea may have efficiently cooled this greenhouse climate by the rapid removal of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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  • 98
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    A Heinrich-like event, H-0 (DC-0): Source(s) for detrital carbonate in the North Atlantic during the Younger Dryas Chronozone (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Paleoceanography, 10 (5). pp. 943-952.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-15
    Beschreibung: In the North Atlantic we define H-0 as a Heinrich-like event which occurred during the Younger Dryas chron. On the SE Baffin shelf prior to 11 ka, surface water productivity was reasonably high, as measured by the numbers of diatom and planktic foraminifera per gram, but an abrupt increase in detrital carbonate (DC-0 event) (from approximately 15% up to 50% carbonate by weight) occurred at 11 ± 14C ka and continued to circa 10 ka. These deposits, 2–6 m thick, are dominated by detrital calcite and silt- and clay-sized sediments. During this event (DC-0/H-0), ice extended onto the inner shelf but did not reach the shelf break and probably originated from a center over Labrador-Ungava. As a consequence, the pattern of ice-rafted debris and sediment provenance shown by H-O in the North Atlantic is different from that during H-1 (14.5 ka) or H-2 (20 ka) when the ice sheet extended along the axis of Hudson Strait and may have reached the shelf break; for example, there is no concrete evidence for DC-O is cores on the floor of the Labrador Sea due east of Hudson Strait (HU75-55,-56), but H-O has been noted in cores off Newfoundland and west of Ireland. A coeval carbonate event to DC-0, but this one dominated by dolomite, occurs in HU82-SU5 on the west side of Davis Strait with a source either from northern Baffin Bay or Cumberland Sound. Although other sources for North Atlantic detrital carbonate cannot be totally excluded, our evidence suggests that H-0 represents the expression of glaciological instability of the Laurentide Ice Sheet within the general region of Hudson Strait and probably to the north (Cumberland Sound and northernmost Baffin Bay). There is one younger DC event, dated circa 8.4 ka, present in sediments along the Labrador margin and in Hudson Strait, which represents the final collapse of the ice sheet within Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay.
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    Littoral lichens as a novel source of potentially bioactive Actinobacteria (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Reports, 5 (1).
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-12-21
    Beschreibung: Cultivable Actinobacteria are the largest source of microbially derived bioactive molecules. The high demand for novel antibiotics highlights the need for exploring novel sources of these bacteria. Microbial symbioses with sessile macro-organisms, known to contain bioactive compounds likely of bacterial origin, represent an interesting and underexplored source of Actinobacteria. We studied the diversity and potential for bioactive-metabolite production of Actinobacteria associated with two marine lichens ( Lichina confinis and L. pygmaea ; from intertidal and subtidal zones) and one littoral lichen ( Roccella fuciformis ; from supratidal zone) from the Brittany coast (France), as well as the terrestrial lichen Collema auriforme (from a riparian zone, Austria). A total of 247 bacterial strains were isolated using two selective media. Isolates were identified and clustered into 101 OTUs (98% identity) including 51 actinobacterial OTUs. The actinobacterial families observed were: Brevibacteriaceae, Cellulomonadaceae, Gordoniaceae, Micrococcaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Promicromonosporaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Sanguibacteraceae and Streptomycetaceae. Interestingly, the diversity was most influenced by the selective media rather than lichen species or the level of lichen thallus association. The potential for bioactive-metabolite biosynthesis of the isolates was confirmed by screening genes coding for polyketide synthases types I and II. These results show that littoral lichens are a source of diverse potentially bioactive Actinobacteria.
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    Relatedness among east African coelacanths (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 435 (7044). p. 901.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-11
    Beschreibung: Scattered groups of these ancient fish may all stem from a single remote population. Coelacanths were discovered in the Comoros archipelago to the northwest of Madagascar in 1952. Since then, these rare, ancient fish have been found to the south off Mozambique, Madagascar and South Africa, and to the north off Kenya and Tanzania — but it was unclear whether these are separate populations or even subspecies. Here we show that the genetic variation between individuals from these different locations is unexpectedly low. Combined with earlier results from submersible and oceanographic observations1, 2, our findings indicate that a separate African metapopulation is unlikely to have existed and that locations distant from the Comoros were probably inhabited relatively recently by either dead-end drifters or founders that originated in the Comoros.
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