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  • Nature Publishing Group  (77,973)
  • 1995-1999  (12,082)
  • 1985-1989  (18,746)
  • 1980-1984  (17,607)
  • 1975-1979  (18,006)
  • 1940-1944  (11,532)
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  • 1
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    The blind octopus, Cirrothauma (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 547-549.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-20
    Description: THE rare deep-sea octopod Cirrothauma murrayi Chun 1910 was first described from a single specimen caught during the Michael Sars Expedition of 1910 (ref. 1). Until now it has been caught only four more times2. We describe here three specimens of this species that were recently caught during biological cruises of RRS Discovery (Fig. 1). All of these animals, including the Discovery ones, have been caught at depths of more than 1,500 m, except one that was dip-netted through the ice of the Arctic Ocean3.
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  • 2
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    The planktonic life of octopuses (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 377 (6545). p. 107.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-04
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  • 3
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    Volcanics from the Sierra Leone Rise (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 536-538.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-22
    Description: THE Sierra Leone Rise, located in the east equatorial Atlantic, forms a discontinuous chain of seamounts as shallow as 2 km extending with a general NE–SW trend from near the Sierra Leone coast of Africa, to the St Paul fracture zone near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 1). The origin of this feature has remained a topic of discussion. Sheridan et al.1 have hypothesised that the Sierra Leone Rise is a volcanic structure formed at the beginning of the opening of the Atlantic in the early Cretaceous period. The twin features of the Sierra Leone and the Ceara Rises are probably of oceanic origin and were created 80 Myr ago or later in their present-day position with respect to Africa and South America2. The Atlantic ocean exhibits several similar aseismic structures which appear symmetrically oriented with respect to the mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Walvis–Rio Grande Rise and the Iceland Faeroes–Iceland Greenland Ridges. These structures are volcanic edifices having a composition similar to that found in their associated islands3–7. Deep sea drilling of the Ceara Rise8,9 penetrated a basaltic basement of the upper Cretaceous period (Maestrichtian) (Leg 39, Site 354). Similarly, a DSDP hole (Leg 41, Site 366) on the Sierra Leone Rise, penetrated sediments of the same period, without reaching basement10. We report here the discovery of alkali-rich volcanics in an area of the Sierra Leone Rise. The sediment overlying the rock fragments is aged ∼45 Myr.
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  • 4
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    Precise single-grain 40Ar/39 Ar dating of a cold to warm climate transition in Central Europe (1989)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 342 (6249). pp. 523-525.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: RECENT advances in 40Ar/39Ar dating1,2 have made it possible to date individual K-feldspar grains from Pleistocene tephra, a capability that greatly improves the reliability and temporal resolving power of the method. Here we apply these new techniques to the dating of a phonolite tephra from the East Eifel volcanic field in West Germany, which is sandwiched between loess and palaeosol (alfisol) deposits, and which was therefore erupted during the transition from a glacial to an interglacial period. Our age estimate for this transition is 215±4 kyr (1 σ), which has important implications for the marine δ18O timescale and for models of global climate change during the Pleistocene. The results show that single-grain dating can detect and compensate for the large quantities of xenocrystic contaminants which are found in many tephra deposits. This technique could be used to date the tephra layers found in marine sediment cores and the results could greatly enhance the reliability of the marine δ18O timescale for more rigorous Fourier analysis testing of the Milankovitch hypothesis.
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  • 5
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    Yet more danger for coelacanths (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 374 (6520). p. 314.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-06
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  • 6
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    Continental margin fault pattern mapped south-west of Ireland (1977)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 268 (5622). pp. 720-722.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: A SIMPLE model for continental basement structures at rifted continental margins comprises large fault blocks which trend approximately parallel to, and step down towards, the continental–ocean boundary (for example, see ref. 1). These blocks may be cut by faults which strike across the margin, and, in many theoretical discussions, are shown as being separated from the true oceanic crust by an intermediate zone (see transitional crust of Fig. 3, ref. 2). On many rifted margins these features are deeply buried by young sediments and cannot be stutied in detail. On Goban Spur (Fig. 1), a marginal plateau south-west of Ireland, the young sediment cover is abnormally thin, however, and we have been able to map in detail a 150 km wide continental basement fracture pattern of horsts and grabens using a simple seismic reflection system (160 inch3 air-gun and two-channel hydrophone array). We also suggest a location for the continent–ocean boundary between the Spur and Porcupine Abyssal Plain. There are few previously published data from Goban Spur relevant to our study, although valuable sampling3 and geophysical3–5 results have been obtained north and south of the area.
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  • 7
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    Satellite measurements of sea surface cooling during hurricane Gloria (1987)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 326 (6111). pp. 373-375.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Hurricanes and other strong storms can cause important decreases in sea surface temperature by means of vertical mixing within the upper ocean, and by air–sea heat exchange. Here we use satellite-derived infrared images of the western North Atlantic to study sea surface cooling caused by hurricane Gloria (1985). Significant regional variations in sea surface cooling are well correlated with hydrographic conditions. The greatest cooling (up to 5°C) occurred in slope waters north of the Gulf Stream where the seasonal thermocline is shallowest and most compressed; moderate cooling (up to 3 °C) occurred in the open Sargasso Sea where the thermocline is deeper and more diffused; little or no cooling occurred in shallow coastal waters (bottom depth less than 20 m) which were isothermal before the passage of hurricane Gloria. There is a pronounced right-side asymmetry of sea surface cooling with stronger (by a factor of 4) and more extensive (by a factor of 3) cooling found on the right side of the hurricane track. These qualitative results are consistent with the notion that vertical mixing within the upper ocean is the dominant sea surface cooling mechanism of hurricanes.
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  • 8
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    Relative departures in July temperatures in northern Canada for the past 6,000 yr (1981)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 289 (5794). pp. 164-167.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: There has been concern about recent temperature trends and the future effects of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere1,2; but instrumental records only cover a few decades to a few centuries and it is essential that proxy data sources, such as pollen spectra from peats and lake sediments, be carefully interpreted as climate records. Several workers have shown statistically significant associations between the modern pollen rain and climatic parameters, an approach that by-passes the recognition of pollen/vegetation units. Statistically defined equations that associate abiotic and biotic elements are called transfer functions. We report here on the application of transfer function equations to nine middle and late Holocene peat and lake sediment sequences from northern Canada (Fig. 1).
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  • 9
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    Palaeoceanography: Biomarkers for ancient climates (1986)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 320 (6058). pp. 107-108.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
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  • 10
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    Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans-surface productivity and oxygen utilization (1980)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 288 (5788). pp. 260-263.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: Organic detritus passing from the sea surface through the water column to the sea floor controls nutrient regeneration, fuels benthic life and affects burial of organic carbon in the sediment record. Particle trap systems have enabled the first quantification of this important process. The results suggest that the dominant mechanism of vertical transport is by rapid settling of rare large particles, most likely of faecal pellets or marine snow of the order of 〉200 μm in diameter, whereas the more frequent small particles have an insignificant role in vertical mass flux4–6. The ultimate source of organic detritus is biological production in surface waters of the oceans. I determine here an empirical relationship that predicts organic carbon flux at any depth in the oceans below the base of the euphotic zone as a function of the mean net primary production rate at the surface and depth-dependent consumption. Such a relationship aids in estimating rates of decay of organic matter in the water column, benthic and water column respiration of oxygen in the deep sea and burial of organic carbon in the sediment record.
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  • 11
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    Acoustic observations of heat content across the Mediterranean Sea (1997)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 385 . pp. 615-617.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: The ability to monitor the heat content of oceans over long distances is becoming increasingly important for understanding the role of oceans in climate change, for determining the variability of the state of the oceans, for operational ocean observing systems, and for studying large-scale ocean processes such as water-mass formation. Although the properties of the upper layers of the ocean can be routinely measured on large scales by satellite remote sensing (providing altimetric and infrared data) and with expendable probes dropped from commercial vessels, the deep interior of the ocean is more difficult to monitor. Ocean acoustic tomography1 is a promising technique for such applications, as it has the potential to provide systematic, instantaneous and repeated measurements of the ocean interior over large parts of an ocean basin. Here we demonstrate the capability of this technique for measuring the heat content across an entire (albeit small) ocean basin—the western Mediterranean Sea.
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  • 12
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    Two-way exchange between the Easter mantle plume and the Easter microplate spreading axis (1996)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 382 (6589). pp. 344-346.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: The conventional model whereby plume volcanism forms linear age-progressive volcanic chains, with the youngest activity occurring nearest a spreading axis (at a 'hotspot'), has been challenged for the Easter seamount chain1–4. Whereas early work suggested the existence of a linear melting anomaly (a 'hotline')1,2, more recent studies3,4 have proposed a hotspot near Salas y Gomez island, connected with the Easter microplate spreading system by an ~800-km-long, volcanically active plume channel. Here we use geochemical, geological and geochronological data to argue that the hotspot lies close to Easter Island. Moreover, new isotopic data for lavas from the seamount chain provide evidence for bidirectional flow between the spreading axis and the plume, thus supporting geophysical and fluid-dynamical models of mantle flow in a plume/spreading axis system5–7. Material balance and flux considerations show the Easter plume to be weak and cool compared with those beneath larger features such as Iceland, Hawaii and the Galápagos islands.
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  • 13
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    Oceanography: All change in the Arctic (1999)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 397 (6718). pp. 389-391.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
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  • 14
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    Chlorin accumulation rate as a proxy for Quaternary marine primary productivity (1996)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 383 (6595). pp. 63-65.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: A knowledge of past changes in the biological productivity of the oceans is important for understanding the interactions between carbon cycling and climate. Phytoplankton productivity in today's oceans can be estimated from the concentrations of chlorophyll in sea water1, but chlorophyll is not preserved in the sediments. Existing proxies for past algal productivity do not represent total productivity; for example, biogenic opal2 reflects the contribution of only part of the phytoplankton community, and the organic carbon record can be subject to contamination from terrestrial inputs2,3. Although chlorins, the pigment-transformation products of chlorophyll, are widespread in Quaternary marine sediments, their potential as proxy measures of past variations in primary productivity has not been convincingly demonstrated. Here we report a high-resolution molecular stratigraphic record of chlorin concentrations over the past 350,000 years in a sediment core from the subtropical Atlantic continental margin. Maxima in the chlorin accumulation rate coincide with significant peaks in the accumulation rates of biogenic opal (at the end of glacial terminations) and organic carbon (between terminations). These results suggest that chlorins, unlike other proxies, can serve as a measure of total primary productivity variations.
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  • 15
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    News from a deepening hole (1987)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 325 (6104). pp. 484-485.
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
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  • 16
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    Basin-scale ocean circulation from combined altimetric, tomographic and model data (1997)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 385 . pp. 618-621.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: The ocean stores and transports vast quantities of heat, fresh water, carbon and other materials, and its circulation plays an important role in determining both the Earth's climate and fundamental processes in the biosphere. Understanding the development of climate and important biological cycles therefore requires detailed knowledge of ocean circulation and its transport properties. This cannot be achieved solely through modelling, but must involve accurate observations of the spatio-temporal evolution of the global oceanic flow field. Estimates of oceanic flow are currently made on the basis of space-borne measurements of the sea surface, and monitoring of the ocean interior. Satellite altimetry and acoustic tomography are complementary for this purpose1, as the former provides detailed horizontal coverage of the surface, and the latter the requisite vertical sampling of the interior. High-quality acoustic-tomographic2 and altimetric3 data are now available to test the combined power of these technologies for estimating oceanic flows. Here we demonstrate that, with the aid of state-of-the-art numerical models, it is possible to recover from these data a detailed spatio-temporal record of flow over basin-scale volumes of fluid. Our present results are restricted to the Mediterranean Sea, but the method described here provides a powerful tool for studying oceanic circulation worldwide.
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  • 17
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    Salty brines on the Mediterranean sea floor (1997)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 387 . pp. 31-32.
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
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  • 18
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    Meandering of the subtropical front south-east of the Azores (1982)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 300 (5889). pp. 245-246.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: A subtropical front was observed in the area south and southeast of the Azores during cruises of FS Meteor and FS Poseidon in early 1982. The front has a basically west–east extension, with considerable meandering observed. Meso-scale eddies are found on both sides. The overall flow pattern corresponds to earlier results on geopotential differences in the upper northeast Atlantic, but the baroclinic transport of the order of 107 m3 s−1 is found to be concentrated in a 60-km wide jet. We suggest here that the current band is part of the gyre circulation, resulting from a branching of the North Atlantic Current.
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  • 19
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    A Lagrangian mixed layer model of Atlantic 18 C water formation (1986)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 319 . pp. 574-576.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: One of the most striking features of the upper North Atlantic Ocean is an extensive layer of water with temperature close to 18°C and salinity close to 36.5‰, (ref. 1). This 18°C water is formed by winter convection in the Sargasso sea2,3, but aspects of the annual rate of 18°C water formation remain obscure4. We have simulated this water mass formation by integrating a one-dimensional model along a 4-yr trajectory of a water column circulating around the Sargasso Sea. Winter convection is deep (≥200 m) in regions where the ocean suffers a net annual heat loss to the atmosphere, and shallow (≤lOOm) where the ocean gains heat each year. The origin of the thermostad (nearly isothermal layer) is a thick layer of nearly homogeneous water subducted beneath the seasonal boundary layer in the year that the water column passes through the line dividing annual cooling from annual heating. We estimate the annual production of 18°C water to be 446,000 km3 yr−1. Downstream, more stratified central water is formed each year at a rate that depends more on Ekman pumping (wind-forced convergence) than on the decreasing depth of winter convection
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  • 20
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    Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming (1999)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 398 (6729). pp. 694-697.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-25
    Description: The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is the strongest natural interannual climate fluctuation1. ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific Ocean and has large effects on the ecology of the region, but it also influences the entire global climate system and affects the societies and economies of manycountries2. ENSO can be understood as an irregular low-frequency oscillation between a warm (El Niño) and a cold (La Niña) state. The strong El Niños of 1982/1983 and 1997/1998, along with the more frequent occurrences of El Niños during the past few decades, raise the question of whether human-induced 'greenhouse' warming affects, or will affect, ENSO3. Several global climate models have been applied to transient greenhouse-gas-induced warming simulations to address this question4, 6, but the results have been debated owing to the inability of the models to fully simulate ENSO (because of their coarse equatorial resolution)7. Here we present results from a global climate model with sufficient resolution in the tropics to adequately represent the narrow equatorial upwelling and low-frequency waves. When the model is forced by a realistic future scenario of increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations, more frequent El-Niño-like conditions and stronger cold events in the tropical Pacific Ocean result
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  • 21
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    Eddy-induced enhancement of primary production in a model of the north Atlantic Ocean (1998)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 394 . pp. 266-269.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-27
    Description: In steady state, the export of photosynthetically fixed organic matter to the deep ocean has to be balanced by an upward flux of nutrients into the euphotic zone1. Indirect geochemical estimates2 of the nutrient supply to surface waters have been substantially higher than direct biological and physical measurements3, particularly in subtropical regions. A possible explanation for the apparent discrepancy is that the sampling strategy of the direct measurements has under-represented episodic nutrient injections forced by mesoscale eddy dynamics, whereas geochemical tracer budgets integrate fluxes over longer time and space scales. Here we investigate the eddy-induced nutrient supply by combining two methods potentially capable of delivering synoptic descriptions of the ocean's state on a basin scale. Remotely sensed sea-surface height data from the simultaneous TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 satellite missions are assimilated into a numerical eddy-resolving coupled ecosystem–circulation model of the North Atlantic Ocean. Our results indicate that mesoscale eddy activity accounts for about one-third of the total flux of nitrate into the euphotic zone (taken to represent new production) in the subtropics and at mid-latitudes. This contribution is not sufficient to maintain the observed primary production in parts of the subtropical gyre, where alternative routes of nitrogen supply will have to be considered.
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  • 22
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    Fluxes of biogenic components from sediment trap deployment in circumpolar waters of the Drake Passage (1982)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 299 (5879). pp. 145-147.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Circumpolar surface waters dominate the circulation of the Southern Ocean and sustain one of the ocean's largest standing stocks of biomass thereby producing a significant output of biogenic components, mainly diatoms, to the bottom sediments. Generally transit of biogenic matter from the sea surface to the sea floor affects nutrient regeneration fuels benthic life and transfers signals to the sediment record1–5. Reliable quantification of the relationship between biological production, fractionation of skeletal and tissue components and bottom sediment accumulation depends on direct vertical flux measurements from sediment trap deployments6–9, which have proved to be most scientifically productive10–13. We now present data on vertical mass fluxes from the Southern Ocean and evidence for strong biogeochemical fractionation between organic carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds, siliceous and calcareous skeletal remains, and refractory aluminosilicates.
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  • 23
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    Routing of meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas cold episode (1989)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 341 (6240). pp. 318-321.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
    Description: ROOTH proposed that the Younger Dryas cold episode, which chilled the North Atlantic region from 11,000 to 10,000 yr BP, was initiated by a diversion of meltwater from the Mississippi drainage to the St Lawrence drainage system. The link between these events is postulated to be a turnoff, during the Younger Dryas cold episode, of the North Atlantic's conveyor-belt circulation system which currently supplies an enormous amount of heat to the atmosphere over the North Atlantic region2. This turnoff is attributed to a reduction in surface-water salinity, and hence also in density, of the waters in the region where North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) now forms. Here we present oxygen isotope and accelerator radiocarbon measurements on planktonic foraminifera from Orca Basin core EN32-PC4 which reveal a significant reduction in meltwater flow through the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico from about 11,200 to 10,000 radiocarbon years ago. This finding is consistent with the record for Lake Agassiz which indicates that the meltwater from the southwestern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was diverted to the northern Atlantic Ocean through the St Lawrence valley during the interval from ~11,000 to 10,000 years before present (yr BP).
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  • 24
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    Glacial and interglacial wind regimes over the eastern subtropical Atlantic and North-West Africa (1981)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 293 (5829). pp. 193-196.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: Analysis of aeolo-marine dust deposits in the subtropical eastern Atlantic enables the strength of the major wind patterns during the late Quaternary to be evaluated and gives an insight into the climate of North Africa.
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  • 25
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    Sand deserts during glacial maximum and climatic optimum (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 272 (5648). pp. 43-46.
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: The past 20,000 yr have witnessed tremendous climatic changes, a glacial maximum at about 18,000 yr BP and a climatic optimum centred on about 6,000 yr BP, both of which mark extreme situations for the Quaternary. This paper attempts to show that active sand dunes were extensive 18,000 yr ago. Conversely, it seems that sand dunes were generally dormant 6,000 yr ago. Thus the former textbook concept1,2 of an arid climatic optimum and a pluvially active glacial maximum is reversed.
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  • 26
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    Anomalous 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon (1985)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 315 (6016). pp. 216-218.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-26
    Description: Marine organic carbon is heavier isotopically (13C enriched) than most land-plant or terrestrial organic C1. Accordingly, δ 13C values of organic C in modern marine sediments are routinely interpreted in terms of the relative proportions of marine and terrestrial sources of the preserved organic matter2,3. When independent geochemical techniques are used to evaluate the source of organic matter in Cretaceous or older rocks, those rocks containing mostly marine organic C are found typically to have lighter (more-negative) δ 13C values than rocks containing mostly terrestrial organic C. Here we conclude that marine photosynthesis in mid-Cretaceous and earlier oceans generally resulted in a greater fractionation of C isotopes and produced organic C having lighter δ 13C values. Modern marine photosynthesis may be occurring under unusual geological conditions (higher oceanic primary production rates, lower P CO2) that limit dissolved CO2 availability and minimize carbon isotope fractionation4.
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  • 27
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    Does the ocean–atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation? (1985)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 315 (6014). pp. 21-26.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: The climate record obtained from two long Greenland ice cores reveals several brief climate oscillations during glacial time. The most recent of these oscillations, also found in continental pollen records, has greatest impact in the area under the meteorological influence of the northern Atlantic, but none in the United States. This suggests that these oscillations are caused by fluctuations in the formation rate of deep water in the northern Atlantic. As the present production of deep water in this area is driven by an excess of evaporation over precipitation and continental runoff, atmospheric water transport may be an important element in climate change. Changes in the production rate of deep water in this sector of the ocean may push the climate system from one quasi-stable mode of operation to another.
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  • 28
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    Unpleasant surprises in the greenhouse? (1987)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 328 (6126). pp. 123-126.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: There is now clear evidence that changes in the Earth's climate may be sudden rather than gradual. It is time to put research into the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on a better footing.
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  • 29
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    New evidence from the South China Sea for an abrupt termination of the last glacial period (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6169). pp. 156-158.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Abrupt changes in climatic conditions have been seen at high latitudes in the North Atlantic and the Antarctic at 13 kyr BP. It is important to determine whether this abrupt change was confined to high-latitude regions or whether it was global. Here we present results demonstrating an abrupt change in the rate and character of sedimentation in the South China Sea at the close of the last glacial period. Radiocarbon dating and its position in the oxygen isotope shift suggest that this change may be coincident with the changes found at high latitudes.
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  • 30
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    New evidence from the South China Sea for an abrupt termination of the last glacial period (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6169). pp. 156-158.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Abrupt changes in climatic conditions have been seen at high latitudes in the North Atlantic1 and the Antarctic2,3 at 13 kyr BP. It is important to determine whether this abrupt change was confined to high-latitude regions or whether it was global. Here we present results demonstrating an abrupt change in the rate and character of sedimentation in the South China Sea at the close of the last glacial period. Radiocarbon dating and its position in the oxygen isotope shift suggest that this change may be coincident with the changes found at high latitudes.
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  • 31
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    Geochemical and climatic effects of increased marine organic carbon burial at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 335 (6192). pp. 714-717.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-24
    Description: Perhaps the most significant event in the Cretaceous record of the carbon isotope composition of carbonate1,2, other than the 1–2.5 ‰ negative shift in the carbon isotope composition of calcareous plankton at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary3, is the rapid global positive excursion of ~2 ‰ (13C enrichment) which took place between ~91.5 Myr and 90.3 Myr (late Cenomanian to earliest Turonian (C/T boundary event))1,4,5. This excursion has been attributed to a change in the isotope composition of the marine total dissolved carbon (TDC) reservoir resulting from an increase in rate of burial of 13C-depleted organic carbon, which coincided with a major global rise in sea level5 during the so-called C/T oceanic anoxic event (OAE)6. Here we present new data, from nine localities, which demonstrate that a positive excursion in the carbon isotope composition of organic carbon at or near the C/T boundary7,8 is nearly synchronous with that for carbonate and is widespread throughout the Tethys and Atlantic basins (Fig. 1), as well as in more high-latitude epicontinental seas. The postulated increase in the rate of burial of organic carbon may have had a significant effect on CO2 and O2 concentrations in the oceans and atmosphere, and consequent effects on global climate and sedimentary facies.
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  • 32
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    Cooling the tropics (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 376 (6537). pp. 212-213.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
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  • 33
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    Ecology: Competition and coexistence (1999)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 402 . pp. 366-367.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
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  • 34
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    Flavodoxin as an in situ marker for iron stress in phytoplankton (1996)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 382 . pp. 802-805.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: A fundamental issue in marine science is the identification of the factors controlling biological uptake of CO2, in high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll regions. A recent in situ iron fertilization experiment demonstrated that iron limitation is responsible for low phytoplankton stocks in the equatorial Pacific4. Here we show that flavodoxin, a biochemical marker of iron limitation, can be used to map the degree of iron stress in natural populations. Flavodoxin assays along a 900-km east-west transect in the northeastern subarctic Pacific revealed a pronounced increase in iron stress in the region west of the 135° W meridian. Addition of dissolved iron alleviated this stress. Immunostaining of single cells from the most western station showed that flavodoxin is present specifically within the chloroplasts of diatoms. Our approach provides a rapid means of defining the extent of iron stress in the ocean5 and supports the hypothesis that diatoms are iron stressed in the northeast Pacific.
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  • 35
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    Growth limits on phytoplankton (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 373 . p. 28.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
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  • 36
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    Gold and native copper in supergene sulfides from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6168). pp. 64-66.
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
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  • 37
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    Seismic and geochemical evidence for large-scale mantle upwelling beneath the eastern Atlantic and western and central Europe (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 374 . pp. 34-39.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: Seismic tomography and the isotope geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks suggest the existence of a large, sheet-like region of upwelling in the upper mantle which extends from the eastern Atlantic Ocean to central Europe and the western Mediterranean. A belt of extension and rifting in the latter two areas appears to lie above the intersection of the centre of the upwelling region with the base of the lithosphere. Lead, strontium and neodymium isotope data for all three regions converge on a restricted composition, inferred to be that of the upwelling mantle.
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  • 38
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    First fossil records of cephalopod statoliths (1975)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 257 (5525). pp. 380-381.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: THE class Cephalopoda is represented by over 10,000 fossil species and about 1,000 living species. Almost the entire fossil record so far described consists of external or internal calcareous shells of the Ammonoidea, the Nautiloidea and some members of the Coleoidea. The subclass Coleoidea includes all but three (Nautilus spp.) of the living species of cephalopods, and is represented in the fossil record largely by the order Belemnitida which is important from the early Jurassic to the Eocene. Another coleoid order, the Sepioidea, including the living Sepia and Spirula have internal calcareous shells, and have left traces from the Upper Jurassic (Voltzia) to the present. The three remaining coleoid orders, the Teuthoidea, the Vampyromorpha and the Octopodida include all the remaining living cephalopods, comprising 29 teuthoid or squid families, one vampyromorph family and 12 octopod families.
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  • 39
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    The first fossil cephalopod statoliths to be described from Europe (1980)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 287 (5783). pp. 628-630.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: Statoliths of cephalopods are small, hard calcareous stones which lie within the cartilaginous skulls of octopods, sepioids and teuthoids1. Fossil statoliths, clearly belonging to genera which are alive today, have previously been described from 11 Cenozoic deposits spanning from the Eocene to the Pleistocene in North America2–5. Such statoliths are of particular interest because they provide a means of studying the evolution of living cephalopod groups which have no calcareous shells, including the cosmopolitan and numerous teuthoids and octopods. Here, the first cephalopod statoliths to be recognized in European deposits are described and identified as Loligo sp. They are compared with the North American fossil Loligo species and statoliths removed from the two living Loligo species of Europe.
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  • 40
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    Mantle plume noble gas component in glassy basalts from Reykjanes Ridge (1983)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 305 (5933). pp. 403-407.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: Basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge contain noble gases delivered from the non-degassed lower mantle by the Iceland plume. These lower mantle gases are thought to be a mixture of planetary and solar components, as would be expected if the Earth accreted from fine silicate particles.
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  • 41
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    Sex in giant squid (1997)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 389 (6652). pp. 683-684.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-15
    Description: Recent captures of two female giant squid ( Architeuthis ) off southern Australia have provided the first record of a mated female specimen of these almost mythical deepsea creatures. We found sperm packages (spermatophores) embedded within the skin of both ventral arms of the larger of the two specimens. It seems that male giant squids may use their muscular elongate penis to ‘inject’ sperm packages under pressure directly into the arms of females.
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  • 42
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    Deep-breathing cephalopods? (1996)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 384 (6608). p. 421.
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
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  • 43
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    Penguins disturbed by tourists (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 376 (6538). pp. 301-302.
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-15
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  • 44
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    Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification to low atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the last glacial period (1997)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 389 . pp. 929-935.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-09
    Description: The nitrogen-isotope record preserved in Southern Ocean sediments, along with several geochemical tracers for the settling fluxes of biogenic matter, reveals patterns of past nutrient supply to phytoplankton and surface-water stratification in this oceanic region. Areal averaging of these spatial patterns indicates that reduction of the CO2 'leak' from ocean to atmosphere by increased surface-water stratification south of the Polar Front made a greater contribution to the lowering of atmospheric CO2 concentration during the Last Glacial Maximum than did the increased export of organic carbon from surface to deep waters occurring further north.
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  • 45
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    The internal structure of an active sea-floor massive sulphide deposit (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 377 (6551). pp. 713-716.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: THE hydrothermal circulation of sea water through permeable ocean crust results in rock–water interactions that lead to the formation of massive sulphide deposits. These are the modern analogues of many ancient ophiolite-hosted deposits1–4, such as those exposed in Cyprus. Here we report results obtained from drilling a series of holes into an actively forming sulphide deposit on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. A complex assemblage of sulphide–anhydrite–silica breccias provides striking evidence that such hydrothermal mounds do not grow simply by the accumulation of sulphides on the sea floor. Indeed, the deposit grows largely as an in situ breccia pile, as successive episodes of hydrothermal activity each form new hydrothermal precipitates and cement earlier deposits. During inactive periods, the collapse of sulphide chimneys, dissolution of anhydrite, and disruption by faulting cause brecciation of the deposit. The abundance of anhydrite beneath the present region of focused hydrothermal venting reflects the high temperatures ( 〉 150 °C) currently maintained within the mound, and implies substantial entrainment of cold sea water into the interior of the deposit. These observations demonstrate the important role of anhydrite in the growth of massive sulphide deposits, despite its absence in those preserved on land.
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  • 46
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    Possible predictability in overflow from the Denmark Strait (1999)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 397 . pp. 243-246.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: The overflow and descent of cold dense water from the Denmark Strait sill-a submarine passage between Greenland and Iceland-is a principal means by which the deep ocean is ventilated, and is an important element in the global thermohaline circulation. Previous investigations of its variability-in particular, direct current measurements(1,2) in the overflow core since 1986-have shown surprisingly little evidence of long-term changes in now speed. Here we report significant changes in the overflow characteristics during the winter of 1996-97, measured using two current-meter moorings and an inverted echo sounder located at different depths in the fastest part of the now. The overflow warmed to the highest monthly value yet recorded (2.4 degrees C), and showed a pronounced slowing and thinning at its lower margin. We believe that the extreme warmth of the overflow caused it to run higher on the continental slope off east Greenland, so that the lower current meters and the echo sounder were temporarily outside and deeper than the fast-flowing core; model simulations appear to confirm this interpretation, We suggest that the extreme warmth of the overflow is a lagged response to a warming upstream in the Fram Strait three years earlier (caused by an exceptional amplification of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation). If this is so, over-now characteristics may be predictable.
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  • 47
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    Giant squids may die when exposed to warm water currents (1983)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 303 (5916). pp. 422-423.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-16
    Description: Strandings of the giant squid, Architeuthis monachus (Steen-strup), have always stirred attention because of the rarity and enormous size of these cephalopods. These animals have never been observed in their natural habitat and little is known about their physiology and ecology. Stranding of giant squids in Newfoundland waters has been correlated with the inflow of warm water, suggesting that increased temperature may be causing their death1. Squids have also been carried to the Norwegian coast with the warm North Atlantic current2 and on 23 August 1982 a live specimen was caught off Radöy near Bergen, Norway (Fig. 1). This catch gave an unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of temperature on the oxygen binding properties of blood from the giant squid. The present finding of an excess of a fourfold decrease in O2 affinity when temperature is increased from 6.4 to 15°C strongly suggests that giant squids may suffocate from arterial desaturation when increased ambient temperatures are experierced.
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  • 48
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    Effects of microbe activity (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6168). pp. 17-18.
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    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [Short Reviews] (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 137-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE second edition of this useful little work has been revised, the sections on sugars and complex aromatic compounds have been re-written to bring them up to date and give the modern ideas on their structural formulae, and the index has been enlarged. The author, however, has been careful not to ...
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    Electronic Resource
    [Short Reviews] (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 137-137 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is regarded at least as important to be able to sell an article as to make it: indeed the salesmen are more highly remunerated than the technical workers. Whilst personality is the greatest asset for a salesman, there is growing up a science of salesmanship and management which is evidenced by ...
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    Karl Toldt (1840–1920) (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 654-663 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PROF. KARL TOLDT, an eminent German anatomist and anthropologist, was born at Bruneck in the Tyrol on May 3, 1840. He received his medical education in Vienna where he attended the Josephinum under Hering and Lange. He qualified in 1864, and twelve years later was appointed professor of anatomy at ...
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  • 52
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    [Short Reviews] (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 137-138 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is not often that one branch of applied science reacts so unfavourably on another branch, and the difficulties which have arisen from the interference from power circuits and apparatus in the prevailing types of radio-receivers were scarcely anticipated. The problem assumed international ...
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  • 53
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    Biology (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 656-656 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] APRACTICAL book in animal biology for use in schools, of a simpler nature than that used by first-year university students, is assured of a welcome. Mr. Green has combined a study of living animal types with investigation of their morphology. Shorter sections deal with chordate embryology, ...
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  • 54
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    [Short Reviews] (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 657-657 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS memoir deals with North American paper-making wasps of the subfamily Vespinae. It is divided into four sections: an introduction, a morphological section, a systematic section and a biological section. The morphology is concerned with the skeletal and muscular systems of Vespula pennsylvanica. ...
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  • 55
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    [Short Reviews] (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 658-658 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN the final stages of his study of engineering design, the student has the rather difficult task of working out a complete scheme for the construction of a machine or structure in accordance with a given specification. It is as if a soldier who had mastered the art of local tactics were required ...
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  • 56
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    Medical Sciences (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 659-660 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS book, as the author is careful to point out, is intended to serve as a ground-work for those who are beginning the study of bacteriology as a biological science; it is in no sense an advanced text-book on the subject. In nearly seven hundred pages of excellent print the elementary principles ...
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  • 57
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    [Short Reviews] (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 660-661 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE popularity of this book is explained by the way in which the authors have succeeded in combining clarity with brevity. The treatment of fundamentals is, however, a little superficial in some respects. In the new chapter on plastic deformation, for example, no hint is given that metallic ...
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    Physiology (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 662-662 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS well-known book is sponsored by the Committee for Research in Problems of Sex of the National Research Council of America. The first edition, published in 1932 to celebrate the completion of ten years work by the committee, soon established itself as a standard work of reference; the second ...
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    Science and the Future of Man (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 663-663 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE social contacts and obligations of science, which was a subject of frequent reference in the proceedings of the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Columbus, Ohio, notably in the addresses by Dr. Wesley C. Mitchell, retiring president, and Dr. Julian S. ...
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    Industrial Health in War-time (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 664-664 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Industrial Health Research Board of the Medical Research Council has published a short report on this subject (Emergency Report No. 1. H.M. Stationery Office. 6d. net). It is a summary of research findings, and it is claimed that by adoption of measures recommended, the efficiency, health and ...
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    Royal Geographical Society Awards (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 665-665 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE King has approved the award of the Royal Medals of the Royal Geographical Society as follows: Founder's Medal to Mr. and Mrs. Harold Ingrams, for their exploration, travel, and studies in the Hadhramaut; Patron's Medal to Lieutenant Alexander R. Glen, for his expeditions in Spitsbergen and ...
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  • 62
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    Recent Earthquakes (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 666-666 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ON April 13 there were further aftershocks of the Anatolian earthquake of December 26, 1939, in the region originally affected. The shocks were strong and felt as far away as Ankara. Great damage was caused to fifteen villages, six being completely destroyed. Sixteen persons were injured and four ...
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    Specular Reflection of X-Rays by High-Frequency Sound Waves (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 667-667 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE principle that a regularly stratified medium selectively reflects a monochromatic beam of radiation incident on it at the appropriate angle is well known and forms the basis for the X-ray analysis of crystal structure. The spots appearing in a Laue diffraction pattern are, of course, due to ...
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    Demonstration of Thermal Diffusion in Liquids (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 670-670 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CONSIDERABLE attention has recently been paid to a separation method for gases and liquids, which involves thermal diffusion and syphon action. In particular, the experiments of Clusius and Dickel1 with carbon dioxide–hydrogen, and bromine–helium mixtures may be mentioned, while ...
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    A Decalcification Fluid (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 671-672 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SINCE my former communication1, I have had opportunity to conduct a number of experiments with the sodium hexametaphosphate decalcifying fluid reported. Using the formulae given by Gray2, I find that a 25 per cent solution of the sodium hexametaphosphate is miscible in all ...
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    Points from Foregoing Letters (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 673-673 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A LAUE pattern of diamond along a trigonal axis submitted by Sir C. V. Raman and P. Nilakantan shows additional sharply defined spots, which are believed to arise from dynamic stratifications of density in the crystal. M. G. E. Cosyns finds that the barometric coefficient of extensive cosmic ray ...
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    Seventy Years Ago (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 679-679 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] NATURE, VOL I, April 28, 1870 Early Torpedoes THE first of a series of articles on "The Science of Explosives as applied to Warlike Purposes" appears, and deals particularly with history of the use of explosives as floating or submarine mines and torpedoes. The earliest form of marine mine ...
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    Location of Industry in Great Britain (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 601-603 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Royal Commission on the Distribution of ^ the Industrial Population, under the chairmanship of Sir Montague Barlow, was appointed in July 1937, mainly in consequence of the concern at the slow recovery of the Depressed Areas and the steady drift of population to London and the Home Counties. ...
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    [Short Reviews] (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 141-142 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN this book on theoretical mechanics, Prof. Coe, of the University of Michigan, has adopted from the outset the methods and notation of vector analysis, which provide a language common to all the branches of mathematical physics. His aim has been to present an introduction to classical mechanics, ...
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    Prof. J. H. Michell, F.R.S. (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 616-616 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE death on February 3 of Prof. J. H. Michell, at the age of seventy-six, is a severe loss to Australia, and the great value of his work both as mathematician and teacher cannot be easily overestimated. His modesty was such that proper appreciation of his real worth was often confined to the ...
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    Education in the Royal Air Force (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 618-618 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN NATURE of April 6, p. 526, we discussed at some length the urgent case for the provision of adequate educational services by the departments responsible for the Armed Forces. This discussion was mainly in terms of Army organization. The War Office, however, was not alone in showing a lack of ...
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    Factory Hours for Women and Young Persons (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 619-620 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A REPORT on hours of employment of women and young persons in factories during the first five months of the War, issued by the Home Office (Cmd. 6182. London: H.M.S.O.), reviews the experience of 1914-18 and the situation at the outbreak of war. It was necessary to agree freely to substantial ...
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    Bacteriological Warfare (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 621-621 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN his inaugural thesis (These de Paris1940, No. 19) on the experimental production of epidemics and epizootics, Dr. Ernest Sarfati states that the question of bacteriological warfare formed the subject of an inquiry in 1923 by a committee of experts including Profs. Bordet of Brussels, Cannon of ...
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    Announcements (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 622-622 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE following recent appointments and promotions in the Colonial Service have recently been made: ?. ?. Longley, veterinary research officer, Nigeria; A. B. S. Boswell, assistant conservator of forests, conservator of forests, Malaya; W. J. Eggeling, assistant conservator of forests, senior ...
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    [Letters to Editor] (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 626-627 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] I THINK Dr. Powell's letter is based on a misunderstanding. I did not say that it was impossible to detect experimentally the slowing-down of a moving clock. My point was that whatever slowing-down was detected would not necessarily be in the Fitzgerald ratio unless the clock was an ‘ideal’ ...
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    Male Behaviour of the Female Starling ( Sturnus v. vulgaris , L.) in Autumn (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 629-629 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Witschi and Miller1 have shown experimentally that the yellow bill colour of the starling in the breeding season is induced by male sex hormone. This yellow colour does not develop after the removal of the ovary or the testes, but in such castrated animals it may be induced in ...
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    Crystal Structure of Phosphorus Pentachloride (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 149-149 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ALTHOUGH much work has been done on the molecular structure of phosphorus pentachloride, no crystal structure determination of this important substance has previously been made, presumably owing to experimental difficulties. In our separate laboratories, independent X-ray diffraction ...
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    Degeneracy and Dissociation Constants (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 149-150 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE importance of degeneracy in enhancing the stability of radicals such as triphenylmethyl has been emphasized by many authors; for example, Pauling and Wheland1, Ingold2, etc. This being so, it is strange that no relations have been suggested between complexity ...
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    Predaceous Phycomycetes from Cotswold Leaf-Mould (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 150-151 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DRECHSLER1 has described in America more than a dozen species of Phycomycetes parasitic on nema-todes and terricolous amœbæ. These he places in the Zoopagaceæ, a family of uncertain taxonomy, related to the Mucorales. To the best of my belief, no members of this family have been ...
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    Radium Treatment (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 151-151 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] REFERENCE is made in NATURE of December 9, 1939, p. 973, to a paper (J. Roy. Soc. Arts, Dec. 8, 1939) entitled “The Penetration of Rays through the Skin, and Radiant Energy for the Treatment of Wounds”, in which I express the view that we would be little the worse off if all the radium now ...
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    “Evidence for Transformation of Mesotrons into Electrons” (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 151-151 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN our note under this title published in NATURE of January 20, p. 102, we stated in reference to the cloud photographs reproduced that the faint electron track FG, leaving the end of the mesotron track “is comparable in density with the tracks of other fast particles” in the photograph. This ...
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    The Mccomb-Romberg Seismometer (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 159-159 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MODELS of this new tilt-compensation seismometer have recently been placed in the new seismographic station of the Nebraska Wesleyan University in Lincoln, Nebraska, in the Chicago Seismograph Station, and in Salt Lake City ("New Instruments and Equipment at Cooperative Seismograph Stations of the ...
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    Appointments Vacant (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 160-160 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] APPLICATIONS are invited for the following appointments on or before the dates mentioned: DEMONSTRATOR IN BACTERIOLOGY-The Registrar, University, Leeds (February 3). AN APPOINTMENT IN THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TRANSPORTATION (POWER) DEPARTMENT of the Indian State Railways- The High ...
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    Reports and other Publications (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 160-160 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] (not included in the monthly Books Supplement) Great Britain and Ireland London Shellac Research Bureau. Bulletin No. 3: Iodine Values of Lac; Reaction between Halogen and Lac. By Dr. B. S. Gidvani and Dr. R. Bhattacharya. Pp. 14. Technical Paper No. 17: Ethers and Ether-Esters of Lac and their ...
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    Rock-Drawings of Southern Upper Egypt (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 84-85 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE interest of the late Sir Robert Mond in the rock-drawings of the Egyptian desert was aroused by a collection of copies which had been made by Dr. Winkler in 1936; and with characteristic generosity and an equally characteristic ready appreciation of the possibilities of this line of research ...
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    Direction and Utilization of Research (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 81-82 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is not always realized that, when research in the laboratory has succeeded in producing a new article or product for manufacture, it is probable that a considerable amount of capital has to be spent-not only on plant, but also on overcoming engineering and chemical difficulties, and often in ...
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    The Shape of Things (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 82-83 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A SUGGESTIVE chapter in Bavink's ''Anatomy of Modern Science" is devoted to a discussion of the technological ideal of fitness for a purpose. Over an increasingly wide sphere of life we are becoming aware to-day that the squalor, ugliness and lack of beauty in our surroundings are due at least in ...
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    Manual of Sedimentary Petrography (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 85-85 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS interesting book is divided into two por-* tions: the first by Krumbein deals with size determination of sedimentary particles, and the second part, by Pettijohn, is largely concerned with the optical properties of minerals. All who are interested in sediments will find this book most useful, ...
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    A Text-Book of Heat (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 86-87 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RECENT years have seen the production of several books on heat such as Roberts's "Heat and Thermodynamics" and Saha and Srivastava's "Treatise on Heat", to say nothing of more special works such as Hoare's "Thermodynamics". But the work now before us occupies a place of its own and will be welcomed ...
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    Geology of India (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 88-88 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS book, which from its first appearance has been the standard text-book of Indian students, has now been brought up to date by the addition of recent advances in Indian geology. The new geological map is an added attraction. The revision has not, however, been sufficiently far-reaching and ...
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    Myriapoda 3, Polydesmoidea II, Fam Lepto-desmidæ, Platyrhachidæ, Oxydesmidæ, Gom-phodesmidæ (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 87-88 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ANY work on the Polydesmoidea from the pen of Count von Attems must command repsect. His contributions to our knowledge of a taxonomically difficult group have been very numerous and he is of course well fitted for the task of drawing together the threads of description and weaving them into a ...
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    Drug Standardization (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 96-97 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Harrison Memorial Lecture was delivered by Mr. A. D. Powell, chief analyst of Boots Pure Drug Co., Ltd., at the evening meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society on January 9. His subject, "Drug Standardization", was chosen, he said, in token of the work done in that connexion by the late Colonel ...
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    Disease and Race (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 98-98 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A CASE which is of considerable interest in its bearing upon the racial incidence and distribution of disease is reported from Egypt by S. Azmy Pasha and A. F. Zanaty of Cairo (Lancet, 237, December 30, 1939). The patient in question, a man, thirty-five years of age, who had lived in Cairo for ...
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    Non-Political Work of the League of Nations (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 97-97 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A REPORT by the Secretary-General on the work of the League of Nations (July-mid-November, 1939), which has just been issued, is an immediate sequel to the regular report on the work of the League, 1938-39; but is the first of a series which will be published periodically to keep the States Members ...
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    Vital Statistics of a Primitive People (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 97-98 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A STUDY of the vital statistics of the lowland SeDoi (Sakai) of Perak, Malay Peninsula, by H. D. Noone (J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 15, 4; 1939) is of interest in its bearing on the effect of the interracial and cultural contacts of a primitive people on their chances of survival. A generation ago ...
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    British and American Civil Engineers (1940)
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    Nature 145 (1940), S. 97-97 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN September last it had been arranged that representatives of the Institution of Civil Engineers should visit the United States in response to an invitation from the American Society of Civil Engineers, but international unrest in Europe resulted in the cancellation of that visit. Had the visit ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/145097b0
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    Meteorology in Southern Rhodesia (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 99-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE meteorological report of the Department of Agriculture, Southern Rhodesia, for the year ended June 30, 1938, covers the period during which the % Northern Rhodesia Weather Service was taken over from the British East Africa Meteorological Service by arrangement with the Governments concerned. ...
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  • 98
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    Teaching of Statistics (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 99-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN a paper read to the Royal Statistical Society on June 20, 1939, and printed, with the ensuing discussion, in its Journal (102, 532; 1939), Dr. John Wishart pointed out, among other things necessary for the progress of the subject, the urgent need for a standard treatise on its mathematical side. ...
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  • 99
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    Tests of a 4,000 kw. Gas-Turbine Set (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 99-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PROF. A. STODOLA, in Engineering of January 5, gives a description and test results of a 4,000 kw. combustion-turbine generating set, recently constructed by Messrs. Brown, Boveri and Co., Ltd., of Baden, Switzerland, for the city of Neuchatel. The set was built for installing in a bomb-proof ...
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  • 100
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    Earth Tremors in Belgium (1940)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 145 (1940), S. 100-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ON January 7 two earthquake tremors were distinctly felt in the district immediately to the east of Mons, one at about 4.30 p.m. and the other at about 8.30 p.m. These were recorded at the Uccle Observatory at 4.29 p.m. and 8.32 p.m. respectively and the epicentre appears to have been near latitude ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/145100b0
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