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  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (6.726)
  • Santiago de Chile
  • Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Economía
  • La Habana
  • 1975-1979  (6.742)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Curve analysis of small-angle scattering by triaxial body models using a graphic display device (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 628-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: An interactive program using a graphic display device for the analysis of small-angle scattering has been developed. It includes the curve fitting of experimental data to theoretical results calculated through a triaxial body approximation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013510
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computer program for radial distribution analysis of X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction data (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 634-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A rapidly converging radial distribution least-squares program (RADILS) is available for the analysis of X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction data from liquid and amorphous materials. The program automatically generates a radial distribution function, G(r), essentially free from termination effects and determines the empirical background scale and shape, absolute scale factor, bulk density and coordination numbers, disorder parameters and interatomic distances for the first few highly ordered distances in the sample.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013534
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A search–match system for X-ray powder diffraction data (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 629-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A computer program which can identify the crystalline component phases of a mixture from its X-ray diffraction pattern is described. The program uses the data base of powder diffraction patterns maintained by the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards. The `reverse searching' technique employed permits the identification of each component and provides an estimate of confidence in the identification. Errors in measured spacings and intensities are tolerated by the program. The interactive search-match system is available for general use via a networked timeshared computer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013522
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray beam polarization measurements (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 25-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A simple modification of the jig proposed by the IUCr Commission on Crystallographic Apparatus for the measurement of polarization ratios for X-rays allowing the full rotation of the detector arm permits cancellation of the first-order errors by averaging pairs of measurements differing by 180° around the rotation axis of the detector arm. The plot of Imeas as a function of cos2 Φ, where Φ is the angle between the detector arm and one of the principal directions of polarization in the beam gives a reliable value of the polarization ratio K. The experimental results are: Mo Kα 0.969 ± 3, 0.970 ± 3; Cu Kα 0.908 ± 5, 0.897 ± 5 for a 0.42° and a 0.60° FWHM graphite monochromator respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011705
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray diffraction study of MgCl2 aqueous solutions (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 34-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray diffraction data for three aqueous solutions of MgCl2 were analyzed. It is shown that in a very concentrated solution the structure and correlation functions can be reproduced almost completely by using a nearest-neighbor model of ionic hydration, whereas in the more dilute solutions a certain number of interactions between the hydrated cation and external water molecules must also be considered. The mean coordination geometry for the close hydration was found to be octahedral both for cation and anion with mean cation–water distances (2.10–2.12 Å) and mean anion–water distances (3.11–3.14 Å) in accordance with results found in other cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011729
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microfibril dimensions from small-angle X-ray scattering (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Model calculation based on parallel cylindrical fibrils with a distribution of radii are used to derive fibrillar radii obtained from the transverse intensity profile of the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) peaks. The results are expressed in terms of moments of the distribution function of the radii. The traverse integral breadth of the peak leads to ({\bar R^4}/{\bar R^3}), the initial slope gives ({\bar R^6}/{\bar R^4})1/2, the asymptotic slope in the transverse wings yields {\bar R^2} or ({\bar R^4}/{\bar R^2})1/2 and the analysis of the characteristic function gives ({\bar R^2}/{\bar R^1}). The first two methods are applied to the SAXS patterns of well oriented samples of nylon 6, for which it is found that a positively skewed distribution of fibrillar radii. The relation between these analyses of uniaxially oriented systems and other SAXS and wide-angle diffraction methods is considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011717
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dépouillement par ordinateur des clichés de diffraction obtenus par la méthode de Laue (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 39-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A computation method is presented which allows a rapid indexing of any unknown spot pattern obtained by back-reflection or transmission Laue methods. The Cartesian coordinates of n spots are measured in an orthonormal frame referred to the photographic film. Two spots 1 and 2 separated by a wide angular distance αm are carefully chosen. Their indices are assumed to be less than 5. The set (E) of all the pairs of planes (h1k1l1) and (h2k2l2) making an angle α close to αm is then computed. Since the pair of reflecting planes related to spots 1 and 2 belongs to (E), each computed pair of planes is tried, in order to determine the orientation of the crystal and to check whether the coordinates of the (n−2) other spots can be matched to dense planes of indices less than 8. If the uncertainty of the measurements is high or if n is too low, this method gives the possible orientations for the crystal. Plane indices less than 8 have been identified in cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic crystals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011730
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lattice parameters and birefringence in PbTiO3 single crystals (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Measurements of lattice parameters and birefringence of PbTiO3 single crystals are described as a function of temperature. The anomalous rise in birefringence with temperature is interpreted in terms of lattice strain and dielectric polarization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011754
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Détermination de l'intensité intégrée en step-scanning (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 116-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A process giving the limits of a peak measured by the step-scan method is described. This calculation is based on the research of the minimum of a convolution of the intensity. It is found on theoretical peaks (Gaussian and Lorentzian) that this algorithm gives less unbiased estimation of the integrated intensity than the one described previously by Lehmann & Larsen [Acta Cryst. (1974), A30, 580–584].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011894
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 138-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012048
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Teaching Crystallography for Today's Sciences, Summer School, Erice, Sicily, Italy, 6–16 September 1977 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 138-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012036
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of intersubunit distances and subunit shape parameters in DNA-dependent RNA polymerase by neutron small-angle scattering (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 176-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In all organisms the multi-subunit enzyme DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyses the first basic step in gene expression, the transcription of DNA into RNA. The neutron small-angle scattering effects were studied in the Guinier region by applying the contrast-matching technique. Isotopic labelling was realised by culturing fully deuterated E. coli cells in a heavy-water medium containing deuterated substrates. One or two completely deuterated components (subunits) of polymerase holoenzyme (composition formula α2ββ′σ, molecular weight 497000) were recombined with the remaining natural (`hydrogenated') subunits for these neutron measurements. Measurements are presented of radii of gyration R, overall shapes, and pair distances d, of three components (subunits α2β,β′) in RNA polymerase of E. coli. The subunits β′, β and α2 are obviously rather elongated in situ and exhibit (as scattering-equivalent prolate ellipsoids) axial ratios of about 7:1 up to 9:1. The intersubunit centre of gravity distances were analysed to be 7.3 ± 0.8 nm for β−β′, 8.2 ± 1.2 nm for α2−β′ and 7.0 ± 1.7 nm for α2−β.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012140
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A perfect-crystal neutron polarizer as an application of magnetic prism refraction (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 186-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: It is demonstrated experimentally that the well known spin-selective deflection of neutrons transmitted through a static magnetic field region with triangular geometric boundaries combined with the high angular resolution of a non-dispersive double-crystal arrangement can be used to polarize a thermal neutron beam to a degree close to unity at reasonably low laboratory fields of 1.0 to 1.5 T.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012152
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The small-angle neutron scattering facility at the SAFARI-1 reactor (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 192-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A long-wavelength neutron scattering facility at the SAFARI-1 reactor is described. Neutrons of wavelength between 5 and 15 Å can be selected. Features of the facility are the use of microwave guides as neutron conductors, flexible guide-pipe configuration and automatic sequential sample changing. Examples are given of measurements on radiation-induced voids in copper, aluminium, Al-0.4%Si and Al-0.1%In after neutron irradiation and magnetic scattering in US and in 80US-10UC-10UC2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012164
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of nuclear emulsions in X-ray topography: improvement of the development methods (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The development is critical in recording X-ray topographs since it takes a long time and determines the final quality of the pictures. It is shown that, in most cases, it is possible to decrease both exposure time and development time and still obtain pictures of good quality. Standard conditions of development should be used to achieve higher resolution only. This new standard may be of great use with the modern high-power sources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012176
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The doping method in quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The doping method in quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis is described. The method involves the addition to the investigated system of known amounts of the components, the weight fractions of which are to be simultaneously determined. The weight fraction of a component is related to the intensities diffracted by that component and by any non-added component, before and after doping. The method can also be applied to systems containing unidentified components by analysing for only those components of interest, as well as for amorphous-content determination.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012188
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of strain distribution in elastically bent materials by X-ray intensity measurement (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method for quantitative determination of local curvature in elastically bent perfect crystals is described. The method is based on X-ray intensity measurements, and a comparison of experimentally determined values with those derived from diffraction theory gives satisfactory agreement. The method was applied to determine the strain gradient and strain concentration in the vicinity of the notch of an elastically bent crystal. The experimental results were compared with those derived from a similar model based on continuum mechanics. Possible applications of the X-ray method are discussed to obtain experimental solutions to strain analyses which, when approached by continuum mechanics, pose formidable mathematical obstacles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987901219X
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A high-temperature focusing X-ray powder camera with new features (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A film-type X-ray high-temperature (up to about 2250 K) powder camera using the Guinier focusing principle in transmission is described. Use is made of a germanium monochromator. The powder specimen is spread without adhesive on a horizontal supporting film of refractory material, and rotates about a vertical axis. The support is surrounded by a cylindrical furnace of thin tantalum sheet enclosed in a chamber which can be evacuated or filled with an inert gas. The X-radiation enters and leaves the chamber through beryllium windows. The film holder is situated outside the chamber. The sample temperature is measured by thermocouples and optical pyrometry. Problems due to the coating by evaporated material of the silica glass window used to observe the specimen are obviated by the use of a transparent shield which can be rotated to give fresh surfaces when needed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012206
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A reindexing of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of β-LiAlO2 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 240-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: β-LiAlO2 was reindexed on the basis of an orthorhombic crystal system with cell dimensions: a = 5.283 (3), b = 6.306 (4) and c = 4.908 (2) Å.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012231
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Processing oscillation diffraction data for very large unit cells with an automatic convolution technique and profile fitting (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 225-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method is described for the processing of X-ray diffraction data collected on an Arndt–Wonacott rotation camera particularly suitable for crystals with very large unit cells. Since often only single exposures can be obtained before the radiation has damaged such crystals, it is essential to select accurately those reflections which have fully penetrated the sphere of reflection. This requires not only a careful refinement of the crystal setting orientation but also a good knowledge of the mosaic spread plus beam divergence. The necessary parameters can be determined by convoluting the theoretically predicted diffraction pattern against the observed film in search of the maximum similarity. Films taken with the crystal misset by as much as 1° can readily be processed with rotational corrections reproducible to better than 0.01°. The many very weak intensities found in data derived from crystals with very large unit cells can be better measured by using a least-squares fit to a previously determined profile rather than by the usual integration process. Systematic variation of the profile across the surface of the film can be readily accommodated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012218
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for isotypic Cs2[M(CN)4].H2O compounds, M=Pt, Pd and Ni (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 241-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Cs2[Pd(CN)4].H2O and Cs2[Ni(CN)4].H2O were found to be isotypic with the known hexagonal Pt compound which shows an unusual helical chain of six [Pt(CN)4]2− groups in the unit cell, space group P61 or P65. The crystal data are a = 9.559 (2) and c = 19.308 (4) Å, Dm = 2.87 (4), Dx = 2.912 Mg m−3 for the Ni compound, and a = 9.704 (2), c = 19.388 (4) Å, Dm = 3.12 (4), Dx = 3.115 Mg m−3 for the Pd compound. X-ray powder data are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012243
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 261-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012425
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Semi-metals & narrow-bandgap semiconductors by D. R. Lovett (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 262-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012437
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison and optimization of smoothing procedures for small-angle X-ray scattering curves. Polynomial fitting and modified frequency filtering (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The filter theory allows one to compare the efficiencies of smoothing procedures widely used in the field of small-angle X-ray scattering. This method is demonstrated for polynomial fitting and modified frequency filtering. Optimized and objective smoothing parameters are determined for both procedures through the knowledge of variance reduction factors, transfer functions of the filters, the largest value of the spatial frequencies of the scattering curve and the distortions caused by the smoothing procedures. The comparison of the efficiency of polynomial fitting and frequency filtering clearly shows the superiority of the latter; therefore, this method has to be preferred.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012450
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications of a solid-state detector on a modern single-crystal X-ray diffractometer (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A structural refinement of ammonium hydrogen tartrate, C4H9NO6, has been completed from data obtained on an Enraf–Nonius CAD-4 X-ray diffractometer equipped with a Si(Li) solid-state detector. The refinement has given comparable results with those found in the literature. A comparative study of a select number of weak reflections obtained from this study and from the results of an analysis using a conventional scintillation system indicates that the peak-to-background ratio is better for intensity data collected on an X-ray diffractometer using a Si(Li) solid-state detector system. An important application of a Si(Li) energy-dispersive system is X-ray fluorescence analysis which can be performed on the same single-crystal employed in X-ray diffraction data collection. Qualitative determinations and quantiative data on relative percentages of metal constituents have been obtained from single crystals of Lu(OH)3 and Mn3[Co(CN)6]2.12H2O in less than two hours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012449
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  • 26
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    Digitale Medien
    A neutron focusing experiment in the Fankuchen effect for curved crystals (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 275-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A recent experiment on neutron diffraction by microscopically curved silicon crystals has shown the existence of the Fankuchen effect, which is a space condensation of neutrons occurring for this kind of crystal. This paper reports an experimental analysis of neutron focusing in the Fankuchen effect for curved crystals. The focusing effect in a symmetrical geometry was also investigated for comparison. The results are discussed and a conclusion is derived concerning a gain in neutron current density for the Fankuchen geometry, particularly interesting for neutron diffractometry of small biological crystals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012462
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  • 27
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    Digitale Medien
    A goniometer for electron microscopy at 1.6 Å point-to-point resolution (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The design, operating principles and constructional details of a goniometer for use in ultra-high-resolution objective-lens pole-pieces are described. Image-matching of experimental and computer-simulated high-resolution electron micrographs is used to demonstrate an instrumental resolution of 1.6 Å, point-to-point.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012474
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  • 28
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    Digitale Medien
    A microprocessor-controlled optical incremental angle encoder system for the Picker FACS-I diffractometer (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 425-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012917
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  • 29
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    Digitale Medien
    A miniature device for compressive stress application (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 425-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012905
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  • 30
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 427-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012930
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  • 31
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    Digitale Medien
    Computer programming for protein crystallographic applications, University of California at San Diego, 28–29 November 1978 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 426-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012929
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  • 32
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    Digitale Medien
    Space groups for solid state scientists by G. Burns and A. M. Glazer (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 428-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012942
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glass, 1977 edited by Götz Götz (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 428-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012954
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  • 34
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    Digitale Medien
    Small-angle neutron scattering of single crystals of aged aluminium–13 at.% magnesium alloy (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 429-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction experiments have revealed the existence of internally ordered Guinier–Preston zones in Al-(8 to 15 at.%)Mg alloys; diffuse satellites oriented along (100) directions are observed near Bragg peaks and give rise to modulated contrasts by TEM. A small-angle neutron scattering experiment has been carried out on single crystals and a model is proposed for the interpretation of the observed pattern. The existence of concentration modulations is related to alignments of spherical GP zones along (100) directions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012966
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  • 35
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    Digitale Medien
    Recherche des systèmes de glissement actifs dans un processus de déformation plastique du polycristal. II. Cas du glissement non-cristallographique dans le cristaux cubiques (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 436-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The analytical algebraic method developed for the selection of active slip systems in the case of glide on {110} (111) systems [Royer, Mohr & Tavard, J. Appl. Cryst. (1978). 11, 35–39] is extended to (111) pencil glide. This approach leads to an algebraic determination of all amounts of glide and corresponding slip plane orientations in both cases of effective slip on three or four systems. Numerical applications have led to a reduction of computer time by a factor of 10−3 with respect to previous investigations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987901298X
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  • 36
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    Digitale Medien
    Initial stages of decomposition in Cu–9Ni–6Sn (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 476-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The early stages of the decomposition process in the ternary Cu-9 wt.% Ni-6 wt.% Sn alloy have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The supersaturated solid solution was found to decompose through the spinodal mechanism into periodic and aligned regions which are Sn-rich and Sn-lean. It was also found that in addition to this clustering reaction, an ordering reaction also progressed with the ageing treatment to produce a metastable phase with the DO22 (Al3Ti type) structure. However, on prolonged ageing, a discontinuous reaction started at the grain boundaries and consumed the matrix leaving behind colonies of a pearlitic product composed of the equilibrium α (A1 structure) and the γ (DO3 structure) phases. This paper discusses the mechanism of formation of the DO22 phase in the alloy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013066
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  • 37
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for tachyhydrite, CaMg2Cl6.12H2O (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 481-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Synthetic crystals of tachyhydrite are trigonal, diffraction aspect R**, with hexagonal parameters a = 10.136 (1), c = 17.318 (2) Å, U = 1540.9 (3) Å3, Z = 3, Dc = 1.673 Mg m−3. Indexed powder data are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013078
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  • 38
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    Digitale Medien
    The structure and properties of the vanadium chromium silicon alloys in the composition range V3Si to Cr3Si (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 473-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Ten alloys have been investigated in the composition range from V3Si to Cr3Si across the ternary equilibrium diagram using X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, superconducting transition temperature and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Contrary to the results of previous workers it is shown that a two-phase region is present in the mid-composition ranges. The vanadium-rich (VCr)3Si solid solution shows superconducting properties. A magnetic structure appears at low temperatures in certain alloys in the chromium-rich (CrV)3Si solid solution range.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013054
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  • 39
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for [Pt(CNC2H5)4] [Pt(CN)4] (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 482-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray powder data of tetrakis(ethyl isocyanide)platinum(II) tetracyanoplatinate(II), [Pt(CNC2H5)4] [Pt(CN)4], C12H20N4Pt2+. C4N4Pt2−, are given. A tetragonal unit-cell with lattice constants of a = 9.223 (30) and c = 3.339 (1) Å is suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987901308X
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    POWLS: A powder least-squares program (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 483-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A computer program POWLS for refinement of crystal structures and magnetic structures from X-ray or neutron diffraction powder diagrams is reported. The program uses integrated intensities as the observed quantities. It is highly flexible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013091
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    POWDER, an interactive computer system for neutron profile refinement (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 485-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A set of Fortran programs for the refinement of crystal structures using the Rietveld profile analysis technique have been written or adapted for use on an interactive computer. Facilities include distance and angle calculations, Fourier calculations and Madelung site energy calculations as well as the main refinement option.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013108
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  • 42
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    Digitale Medien
    A shielding arrangement for X-ray diffraction equipment (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 487-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987901311X
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 487-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013121
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Early History of the Union (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 488-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013133
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  • 45
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    Digitale Medien
    Radiation Leakage around X-ray Tube Shields (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 488-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013145
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  • 46
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    Digitale Medien
    Advances in X-ray analysis. Vol. 21. Proceedings of 26th Annual Conference on Application of X-ray Analysis, Aug. 3-5, 1977 edited by C. S. Barrett, D. E. Leyden, J. B. Newkirk and C. O. Ruud (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 488-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013157
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  • 47
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    Digitale Medien
    Pressure-induced tetrahedral tilting and deformation in Ge2N2O (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: High-pressure time-of-flight neutron diffraction studies have been carried out on orthorhombic Ge2N2O to 25.4 × 108 Pa and by X-ray diffraction to 49 × 108 Pa. The zero-pressure axial compressibility coefficients are Ka = 33 (2), Kb = 41 (2), Kc = 28 (2), and volume Kv = 99 (5) × 10 −13 Pa−1. The changes in bond angles and bond lengths at pressures from 105 to 25.4 × 108 Pa have been measured. The structure of Ge2N2O consists of GeN3O tetrahedra linked along the a direction by Ge–O–Ge bonds and along the b and c directions by three coordinated Ge–N bonds. This structural framework adjusts to applied pressure by tetrahedra tilting in a cooperative fashion, the biggest change being observed in the Ge–O–Ge angle which decreases by 12.4°. The behavior of Ge2N2O is very similar to its isomorph Si2N2O, though the tetrahedra deform somewhat more for Ge2N2O. The pressure changes in the lattice parameters of Ge2N2O up to 8̃ × 108 Pa are very similar to those of Si2N2O up to 2̃4 × 108 Pa, supporting the contention that germanates behave as high-pressure models for silicates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013182
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  • 48
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    Digitale Medien
    Determination of inter-element effects through Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray fluorescence (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 517-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A Monte Carlo model is developed to simulate the X-ray fluorescence process within a homogeneous multi-element mixture. Validation of the model is obtained through comparison of the model's predictions with experimental data for the iron–nickel–chromium system, for which the inter-element effects are severe. The results indicate that the Monte Carlo model is an excellent simulator and may be used in place of a set of standards to determine the influence coefficients for analysis of fluorescence data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013194
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  • 49
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    Digitale Medien
    Methods of mixing in quantitative X-ray phase analysis (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 582-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The mass absorption factor μ*0j of an unknown sample can be determined by mixing of the sample with a substance for which the mass absorption coefficient μ*0K is known, and then measuring the intensity of the analytical lines of the mixture and the sample. The optimal concentration of a substance added to the unknown sample is determined by the conditions which will give a minimal analytical error. The optimal concentration is equal to 1/(1 + 2μ*0K/μ*0j) when mixing is effected with a sample containing the phase to be determined (method of addition) or with an internal standard and to 1/(1 + 0.5 μ*0K/μ*0j) when mixing is performed with a substance which does not contain the phase to be determined (dilution method).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013285
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  • 50
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    Digitale Medien
    Processing and post-refinement of oscillation camera data (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 570-581 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: When collecting data using oscillation photography, it is necessary to distinguish between those reflections which have passed completely through the Ewald sphere (`full reflections') and those whose penetration is incomplete (`partial reflections'). Such differentiation requires an accurate knowledge of crystal setting parameters. This is particularly necessary if partial reflections are to be used when adjacent films do not originate from the same crystal. In general this is the case where diffracted intensities are weak, as in crystals of oligomeric proteins and viruses. Estimates of setting parameters can be obtained by comparing a partial reflection on one film with a full observation of the same reflection on the same or another film [Schutt, C. E. & Winkler, F. K. (1977). The Rotation Method in Crystallography, edited by U. W. Arndt & A. J. Wonacott, pp. 173–186. Amsterdam: North-Holland]. A measure of the observed degree of partiality, pobs, can thus be made and related to the calculated value, pcalc, derived from the crystal setting parameters. Least-squares minimization of E = Σω(pobs − pcalc)2 leads to the refinement of (1) the orientation of each crystal, (2) the crystal cell dimensions and (3) each crystal's effective mosaic spread. Examples of this technique are provided from the processing of high-resolution southern bean mosaic virus data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013273
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  • 51
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    Digitale Medien
    A method of reducing termination errors in radial distribution functions (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 585-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The radial distribution function [g(r)] of a liquid can be obtained from an integral transform of its X-ray scattering intensity I(μ). Experimentally, I(μ) can be measured over only a limited range, leading to termination errors in g(r). Using the strict positivity of g(r), an iterative method is proposed to reduce these errors. The negative portions of each successive distorted approximation of g(r) are replaced by the value zero and this function is used to generate I(μ) in the non-measured range. Computer calculations on a model function yield encouraging results. The method appears to have an advantage over current approaches as it does not require a knowledge of the hard-core diameter of the atoms. It is also expected to work in the case of molecular liquids where there are some difficulties in applying the current methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013297
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  • 52
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    Digitale Medien
    The crystal structure of cotton cellulose investigated by an electron diffraction technique (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 589-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: An electron diffraction pattern of cotton cellulose recording over 70 reflections per quadrant out to the tenth layer line could be indexed on the basis of the Meyer & Misch [Helv. Chim. Acta (1937). 20, 232–244] model. The validity of the observations based on the reciprocal net a*c* when checked by constructing reciprocal net b*c* revealed that three reflections could not be indexed. No systematic absence of odd-order 0k0 reflections was noted. The cotton cellulose, therefore, does not fall into P21 space group.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013303
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  • 53
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for N(CH3)4GeCl3 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 617-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The ionic conductor N(CH3)4GeCl3 shows a phase transition at 424 K. The high-temperature modification is cubic with a = 6.552 (2)Å, space group Pm3m. At 293 K the compound is orthorhombic with unit-cell parameters a = 13.096 (2), b = 8.911 (1), c = 9.128 (2) Å, space group Pna21.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013455
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  • 54
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    Digitale Medien
    Lattice parameters and space group of ethyl-4-acetoxy-5-methoxy-8-bromo-2-naphthoate (C16H15BrO5) (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 618-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The crystal structure determination of ethyl-4-acetoxy-5-methoxy-8-bromo-2-naphthoate has been undertaken with a view to finding out the molecular packing and the nature of the intermolecular bonding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013467
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for α-iminodiacetic acid (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 621-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The α form of iminodiacetic acid, HN(CH2COOH)2, C4H7NO4, is found to be orthorhombic, space group Pb21a. The lattice parameters of the unit cell with eight molecules are a0 = 14.172 (7), b0 = 14.977 (8) and c0 = 5.276 (3) Å. The crystals melt with decomposition at 520 (2) K. X-ray powder diffraction data are reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013480
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for room temperature PuGa (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 619-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The structure of room temperature PuGa has been determined. The material has a body-centered tetragonal lattice, space group I4mm (No. 107), Z = 8, a = 6.6408 ± 12, c = 8.0833 ± 20 Å, and a calculated density of 11.50 Mg m−3. Intensity data was obtained from a powder-pattern film taken with Cr Kα radiation, λ = 2.2909 Å. The structure, which deviates slightly from an ideal subcell, was refined by least-squares calculation to R1 = 0.079 using 39 observed reflections. Pu–Pu distances range from 3.08 to 3.40 Å, Pu–Ga distances from 3.07 to 3.26 Å, and Ga–Ga distances from 2.75 to 3.89 Å.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013479
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  • 57
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    Digitale Medien
    Revised crystal data for the aluminate sodalite Ca8[Al12O24](WO4)2 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 623-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Ca8[Al12O24](WO4)2, formerly believed to be cubic, is tetragonal. It forms a superstructure with the usual 9 Å unit cell of sodalites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013492
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  • 58
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for a second polymorph (β) of C.I. Pigment Red 1,1-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthol (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 626-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The preliminary single-crystal data and powder pattern are given for a second polymorph of C.I. Pigment Red 1, C16H11N3O3. The powder pattern has been indexed using the single-crystal dimensions; the problems of multiple indexing have been reduced by comparison with single-crystal intensities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013509
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A system for interactive electron image calculations (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 636-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: An interactive electron-image calculation system has been developed. The system contains all the necessary programs to model interactively a crystal structure and calculate and display the image on a graphics terminal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013546
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inter-Congress Symposium on Accuracy in Powder Diffraction, National Bureau of Standards, Washington DC, USA, 11–15 June 1979 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 638-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013558
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  • 61
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 639-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987901356X
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prices of Acta Crystallographica and Journal of Applied Crystallography (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 639-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013571
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Report of Executive Committee for 1978 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 640-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013595
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Report of the Eleventh General Assembly International Congress of Crystallography (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 640-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013583
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  • 65
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    Digitale Medien
    Commission on Journals: Chemical Nomenclature (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 640-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013601
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scanning electron microscopy 1978. Vol. I edited by O. Johari (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 640-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013613
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  • 67
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    Digitale Medien
    Surface crystallography by LEED. Theory, computation and structural results by M. A. Van Hove and S. Y. Tong (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 641-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013625
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High pressure science and technology: 6th AIRAPT conference edited by D. Timmerhaus and M. S. Barker (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 641-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013637
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  • 69
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystals: growth, properties and applications. Vol. 1. Crystals for magnetic applications edited by C. J. M. Rooijmans (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 642-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013649
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  • 70
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    Digitale Medien
    X-ray television area detectors for macromolecular structural studies with synchrotron radiation sources (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns may be recorded quantitatively by means of X-ray-to-electron converters which are scanned in a television-type raster scan. Detectors of this type are capable of operating over the whole range of counting rates from very low to higher than those with which other types of converters can deal. The component parts of an X-ray television detector are examined and the limits to the precision of the measurements are analysed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011663
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the possibility of utilizing holographic schemes in X-ray microscopy (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray holography schemes are analyzed. It is shown that they have a very low aperture ratio, and this limits the size of objects from which a hologram can be recorded. It is indicated that holography schemes can be constructed on the basis of the methods of X-ray diffraction optics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011699
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Small-angle X-ray data processing for planar multilayered structures. I. Theory (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 42-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The Fourier transform values are obtained by multiplying the integrated intensities by the correction factor C(h). The problem of calculating the correction factor for biological specimens which have a multilayered structure is treated. Allowance is made for the transverse size of the specimen, the disorientation in the specimen (ω), the divergence of the X-ray beam (ε), the size of the repeating unit and the curvature of the sphere of reflection. The correction factor C(h) is given by C(h) = Ω[1 + 2γh2]1/2 exp (πδ2)exp (−Ω2[1 + 2γh2]), where γ = (ω2 + ε2)/2(Ω2d2) and where Ω is the diameter of the hth order disc when ω = ε = 0. The formula for C(h) applies to specimens which remain stationary during the X-ray experiment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011742
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pyroelectric temperature analysis as a method for study of ferroelectric transitions in polycrystalline materials (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 54-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The transition temperature of ferro- and antiferroelectric crystals can be simply determined by continuous pyroelectric temperature analysis (PTA) of unsintered pressed powder. In order to avoid excessive stored charge the samples were not previously treated by a polarizing electric field. Experiments performed with (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4 and NH4H2PO4 showed the transition points with a precision of 1°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011766
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Five new polytypes and polytypic change in PbI2 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 57-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Five new PbI2 polytypes, 8H(1232), 10H(11112112), 10H(112222), 22H[11(22)5] and 30R[111313]3, were solved by the X-ray diffraction method. It was found on polytypic change that (a) the 2H polytype is changed into various polytypes on heating at 130°C and most of these further change to 12R[13]3 on heating at 260°C; (b) the polytypes 4H, faulted 4H, 14H, 22H, 26H and 30R with layer structures similar to the 12R[13]3 are fairly stable at high temperatures; (c) the 2H-30R [111313]3 transformation occurs reversibly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011778
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Etude des défauts dans des monocristaux naturels de béryl. II. Etude de croissance (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 78-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Growth defects in natural single crystals of beryl have been examined by X-ray topography. The distribution and the configuration of the defects: dislocations, channels, growth bands and growth sector boundaries, are related to the development of the crystals in nature. For some Brazilian samples, characteristic stops and starts during their development and dissolution phenomena have revealed similar conditions of growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987901181X
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A real-time back-reflection Laue camera (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Real-time back-reflection Laue patterns have been made possible through the construction of a specially designed multiwire proportional chamber. This ability to view Laue patterns in live time on an x−y display scope has greatly reduced the magnitude of effort involved in orienting single crystals and of characterizing the nature of less than perfect crystals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011845
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Constitutional defect structure of CuAl2 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 91-94 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The equilibrium phase CuAl2 contains a small excess of Al atoms at all temperatures. From accurate X-ray and density measurements, it was found that the simplest defect structure model consistent with the experimental results is substitutional, Cu1 − xAl2 + x (x = 0.005–0.022 at room temperature). Such a defect type appears to be very unfavourable energetically because of the short Cu-Cu-site bond length of CuAI2 compared to other C16 compounds, and would be in contrast to that of the other known C16 compounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879011833
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallography by M. P. Shaskol'skaya (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 139-140 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012073
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  • 79
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    Digitale Medien
    A solid-state transformation in 1,5-dichloroanthraquinone (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 239-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: 1,5-Dichloroanthraquinone undergoes a solid-state transformation at 470 K. The two modifications are very similar, except that a is greater than b above the transition temperature and the inverse is true at room temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987901222X
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  • 80
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for cis- and trans-dichlorobis(N-methylimidazole)palladium(II) (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 254-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray diffraction patterns show that the isomers cis and trans[Pd(NMeIm)2Cl2] have a triclinic unit cell, with a = 16.594 (2), b = 10.440 (4), c = 8.757 (1) Å, α = 64.99 (1), β = 83.73 (1), γ = 80.41 (1)°, for the cis complex and a = 11.030 (9), b = 9.393 (7), c = 7.239 (5) Å, α = 101.14 (1), β = 94.43 (1), γ = 98.39 (1)°, for the trans complex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012334
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  • 81
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for the chloride of tetrakis(imidazole) palladium(II), [Pd(ImH)4]Cl2 and the tetrachloropalladate of tetrakis(N-methylimidazole) palladium(II); [Pd(NMeIm)4] [PdCl4] (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 253-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The compounds [Pd(ImH)4]Cl2 and [Pd(NMeIm)4] [PdCl4] are triclinic with a = 13.167 (8), b = 9.922 (7), c = 7.253 (3) Å, α = 93.46 (5), β = 89.83 (6), γ = 98.34 (4)°, for the imidazole compound and a = 8.63 (1), b = 7.74 (1), c = 8.27 (1) Å, α = 73.1 (1), β = 63.1 (1), γ = 73.9 (2)°, for the N-methylimidazole compound. X-ray powder diffraction data are reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012322
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for naphthaceno[5,6-cd]-1,2-dithiole–7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (DTT–TCNQ) (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 255-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The crystal data of naphthaceno[5,6-cd]-1,2-dithiole-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, C30H14N4S2, have been determined from precession, Weissenberg and diffractometer techniques: monoclinic, space group Cc or C2/c, a = 19.252 (7), b = 8.656 (3), c = 13.879 (5) Å, β = 90.28 (3)°. Preparation method and powder data are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012346
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for the trimetaphosphates of lanthanum, cerium and praseodymium (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 257-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: LaP3O9, CeP3O9 and PrP3O9 are orthorhombic, space group C2221 and isomorphous with NdP3O9; lattice parameters and powder diffraction data are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012358
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The matching of rigid bodies; a program using Kabsch's procedure (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 258-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The program BMFIT, used to find the weighted best least-squares fit of two rigid bodies, has been modified to take advantage of a proposal by Kabsch in which iteration is avoided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987901236X
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tracé automatique des courbes d'égal facteur de Schmid (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 259-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The present paper describes a computer program for the automatic plotting of constant m contours (isostress contours).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012371
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comment on `a simple method for measuring crystal densities' (Zamvil, Pludow & Fucaloro, 1978) (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 261-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012383
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the multiple orientation relationships between hematite and magnetite (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Lattice fringe and diffraction observations of hematite/ magnetite interfaces are described: elongated laths of magnetite, with (111)M and ({\bar 1}11)M parallel to (0001)H and, less frequently, (211)M and ({\bar 2}11)M parallel to (0001)H, were found. In general, the interfaces are incoherent as shown by the presence of steps, which are probably transformation dislocations. The magnetite is invariably multiply twinned, showing steps which may be twinning dislocations. A theoretical analysis of the possible secondary and ternary orientation relationships due to multiple twinning explains one of the two further less-frequent relationships indicated by texture goniometry. Such higher-order relations are not topotaxic and their identification and interpretation is a general problem for texture goniometry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012486
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Powder diffraction line profiles in Guinier-type focusing cameras (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The aims of this investigation were to optimize the construction geometry of a Guinier camera, and to find a profile model useful for powder refinement work. A computer simulation of all possible directions for individually diffracted X-rays was used to generate line profiles for a number of different situations. The influence of variations in camera geometry and specimen form are discussed. Microdensitometer data for a test film are compared with calculated profiles. An extension of the present method, which uses non-continuous arrays, to the use of continuous functions to describe the profiles is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012498
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas-flame heating equipment providing temperatures up to 2600 K for the four-circle diffractometer (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 303-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Gas-flame specimen-heating equipment has been designed and constructed for structural investigations of materials which are not chemically affected by exposure to the combustion gas. The heating equipment is attachable to any standard four-circle diffractometer, preserving all the functions of the diffractometer, and provides specimen temperatures up to 2600 K. The ventilation of the hot exhaust gas and the use of a small flame prevent the elevation of temperature at any part of the diffractometer. The maintenance of high temperatures is controlled by constant gas flow and the temperature is stable within ± 15 K at temperatures between 1800 and 2600 K. The intensity data of an α-Al2O3 single-crystal were successfully collected at 2173 K.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012504
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for the mesogenic material 4,4'-bis(pentyloxy)azoxybenzene (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 316-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: CH3(CH2)4OC6H4N: N(O)C6H4O(CH2)4CH3, C22H30N2O3; triclinic,P1 or P{\bar 1}, Z = 2; a = 19.78, b = 9.49, c = 7.92 Å; α = 47.7, β = 120.5 and γ = 117.6°.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987901253X
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The thermal expansion of 2H-MoS2 and 2H-WSe2 between 10 and 320 K (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 312-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The hexagonal cell dimensions a and c of 2H-MoS2 and 2H-WSe2 have been measured over the temperature range 10 to 320 K. In both compounds a increased linearly and c non-linearly with temperature, the linear coefficient of thermal expansion in the c direction being greater than that in the a direction for 2H-MoS2. In 2H-WSe2 the linear coefficients of thermal expansion in the a and c directions were approximately equal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012528
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Détermination expérimentale de la fonction d'orientation – son application dans le calcul des bandes de diffraction (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 332-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The influence of orientation on the powder diagrams produced by lamellar structure systems is studied in the case where the bidimensional lattice is very limited and where the layer structure is complex. The orientation distribution must be included in the numerical integration which leads to the line diffraction profile. The technical measurement of the real experimental orientation is discussed. An example is given showing the influence of the orientation on the interference function in the absolute scale.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012644
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Geometrical problems with a position-sensitive detector employed on a diffractometer, including its use in the measurement of stress (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Defocusing errors associated with the use of a one-dimensional position-sensitive proportional counter on a powder diffractometer are considered. These errors are small in the measurement of residual stress and it is not necessary to apply mathematical corrections, especially if the X-ray tube is aligned properly. Correspondingly, these errors are small for high-angle peaks in any reflection experiment compared with the present detector resolution. The equations presented allow for an evaluation of this error in most equipment configurations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012656
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    `Randomness' in multiphase X-ray scatterers (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 398-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: It is shown that the correlation function and X-ray scattering of a random two-phase system are different from that of a scatterer formed from a random three-phase system by replacement of one of the phases with material of equal electron density to one of the other two (for example, pores filled with liquid of equal density to that of the support in a supported-metal catalyst).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012772
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Total thermal neutron cross sections of Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Ge, Pb and Bi single crystals (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 399-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Experimental values of the cross sections of Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Ge, Pb and Bi at room temperature for several neutron energies between 2 × 10−3 and 10−1 eV, are reported. The measurements were repeated for a Bi single crystal at T = 80 K.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012784
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absorption correction and normalization of X-ray small-angle scattering data for materials producing intense scattering at extremely low angles (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 401-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Some materials of low absorption that contain particles in the several thousand Å range can produce an intensity of small-angle scattering that is a significant fraction of that of the transmitted beam. This is quite apparent in the range of a few s scattering angle when a Bonse–Hart small-angle scattering diffractometer is used. A method was developed that allows an accurate absorption correction to be calculated when the scattering by the sample can be approximated by an exponential function in the range of 0 to 5 s double Bragg angle 2θ. Variation of sample thickness allows the correction method to be checked.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012796
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for Na4Mg2Si3O10 (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 405-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: An indexed powder pattern is reported for Mg2Na4O10Si3. The unit cell is orthorhombic, a = 10.584 (7), b = 14.328 (7), c = 10.457 (7) Å. Transition to a cubic phase, a = 7.440 Å, occurs at 918 K. A Na-deficient tetragonal phase was also observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012814
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A γ Compton experiment with an annular 241Am source: momentum resolution and reliability measurements (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 432-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A γ Compton experiment with an annular 241Am γ-source is described. The distribution of the primary intensity in the plane of the sample as well as the scattering angle distribution are evaluated by a Monte Carlo calculation to determine (together with the energy resolution) the total momentum resolution of the experiment. In order to probe the reliability of the experimental arrangement and of the data processing, experimental Compton profiles of water from samples of different thicknesses are compared with the results of an IUCr project.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012978
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A quasi-crystalline model for interpretation of radial distribution functions: theory and experimental confirmation (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 442-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A quasi-crystalline model has been developed which facilitates calculation of the intensity and radial distribution functions (RDF) for hypothetical molecular arrangements in glasses. Interatomic distances are counted so that each atom in the asymmetric unit `sees' all the other atoms within a given radius of that atom, thus eliminating the edge effects inherent in simply counting all possible interatomic distances between atoms in a finite block of crystal. A disorder parameter is associated with each interatomic distance and incorporates thermal motion and the loss of correlation between atoms with increasing distance due to the non-periodic nature of amorphous substances. The RDF calculated for the high albite (NaAlSi3O8) structure is in good agreement with the RDF determined experimentally on a polycrystalline sample. Spurious ripples, which are larger than can be explained by termination of the Fourier integral, are observed in the experimental RDF's and suggest a systematic error of 3–5% in the corrected diffraction profile. No single source of error (e.g. scaling, absorption, polarization, background estimation) can account for the observed ripples, but a combination of these sources might result in an error of the magnitude suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879012991
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improvement of high-angle double-crystal X-ray diffractometry (HADOX) for measuring temperature dependence of lattice constants. I. Theory (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 450-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray diffraction methods for determining accurate temperature dependence of lattice constants are discussed; it is suggested that HADOX is best for general use. The accuracy and precision of the method are examined in full detail in terms of sensitivity, resolution and systematic and accidental errors. The examination is mostly given in comparison with the Bond method. An overall accuracy of a lattice-constant change of one part in 107 can be attained, provided due consideration is given to reducing the errors; the main systematic errors limiting the accuracy are those in the temperature of crystals and in the orientation of crystals or crystal holders. To obtain the accuracy mentioned above, the basic suggestions for changes to a prototype apparatus are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889879013005
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