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  • Other Sources  (1,019)
  • Geozon Science Media  (920)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 1
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    A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Geological archives record multiple reversals of Earth’s magnetic poles, but the global impacts of these events, if any, remain unclear. Uncertain radiocarbon calibration has limited investigation of the potential effects of the last major magnetic inversion, known as the Laschamps Excursion [41 to 42 thousand years ago (ka)]. We use ancient New Zealand kauri trees (Agathis australis) to develop a detailed record of atmospheric radiocarbon levels across the Laschamps Excursion. We precisely characterize the geomagnetic reversal and perform global chemistry-climate modeling and detailed radiocarbon dating of paleoenvironmental records to investigate impacts. We find that geomagnetic field minima ~42 ka, in combination with Grand Solar Minima, caused substantial changes in atmospheric ozone concentration and circulation, driving synchronous global climate shifts that caused major environmental changes, extinction events, and transformations in the archaeological record.
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  • 2
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    Post-2020 goals overlook genetic diversity (2020)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Agreement between reconstructed and modeled boreal precipitation of the Last Interglacial (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science Advances, 5 (11). Art.Nr. eaax7047.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: The last extended time period when climate may have been warmer than today was during the Last Interglacial (LIG; ca. 129 to 120 thousand years ago). However, a global view of LIG precipitation is lacking. Here, seven new LIG climate models are compared to the first global database of proxies for LIG precipitation. In this way, models are assessed in their ability to capture important hydroclimatic processes during a different climate. The models can reproduce the proxy-based positive precipitation anomalies from the preindustrial period over much of the boreal continents. Over the Southern Hemisphere, proxy-model agreement is partial. In models, LIG boreal monsoons have 42% wider area than in the preindustrial and produce 55% more precipitation and 50% more extreme precipitation. Austral monsoons are weaker. The mechanisms behind these changes are consistent with stronger summer radiative forcing over boreal high latitudes and with the associated higher temperatures during the LIG.
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  • 4
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    Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO2and regolith removal (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science Advances, 5 (4). eaav7337.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Variations in Earth’s orbit pace the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Quaternary, but the mechanisms that transform regional and seasonal variations in solar insolation into glacial-interglacial cycles are still elusive. Here, we present transient simulations of coevolution of climate, ice sheets, and carbon cycle over the past 3 million years. We show that a gradual lowering of atmospheric CO2 and regolith removal are essential to reproduce the evolution of climate variability over the Quaternary. The long-term CO2 decrease leads to the initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and an increase in the amplitude of glacial-interglacial variations, while the combined effect of CO2 decline and regolith removal controls the timing of the transition from a 41,000- to 100,000-year world. Our results suggest that the current CO2 concentration is unprecedented over the past 3 million years and that global temperature never exceeded the preindustrial value by more than 2°C during the Quaternary.
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  • 5
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    A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 363 (6426). pp. 516-521.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 from 1994 to 2007 (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 363 (6432). pp. 1193-1199.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: We quantify the oceanic sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) over the period 1994 to 2007 by using observations from the global repeat hydrography program and contrasting them to observations from the 1990s. Using a linear regression–based method, we find a global increase in the anthropogenic CO 2 inventory of 34 ± 4 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) between 1994 and 2007. This is equivalent to an average uptake rate of 2.6 ± 0.3 Pg C year −1 and represents 31 ± 4% of the global anthropogenic CO 2 emissions over this period. Although this global ocean sink estimate is consistent with the expectation of the ocean uptake having increased in proportion to the rise in atmospheric CO 2 , substantial regional differences in storage rate are found, likely owing to climate variability–driven changes in ocean circulation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 359 (6371). eaam7240.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: As plastic waste pollutes the oceans and fish stocks decline, unseen below the surface another problem grows: deoxygenation. Breitburg et al. review the evidence for the downward trajectory of oxygen levels in increasing areas of the open ocean and coastal waters. Rising nutrient loads coupled with climate change—each resulting from human activities—are changing ocean biogeochemistry and increasing oxygen consumption. This results in destabilization of sediments and fundamental shifts in the availability of key nutrients. In the short term, some compensatory effects may result in improvements in local fisheries, such as in cases where stocks are squeezed between the surface and elevated oxygen minimum zones. In the longer term, these conditions are unsustainable and may result in ecosystem collapses, which ultimately will cause societal and economic harm.
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  • 8
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    Breakup of last glacial deep stratification in the South Pacific (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 359 (6378). pp. 900-904.
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Stratification of the deep Southern Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum is thought to have facilitated carbon storage and subsequent release during the deglaciation as stratification broke down, contributing to atmospheric CO2 rise. Here, we present neodymium isotope evidence from deep to abyssal waters in the South Pacific that confirms stratification of the deepwater column during the Last Glacial Maximum. The results indicate a glacial northward expansion of Ross Sea Bottom Water and a Southern Hemisphere climate trigger for the deglacial breakup of deep stratification. It highlights the important role of abyssal waters in sustaining a deep glacial carbon reservoir and Southern Hemisphere climate change as a prerequisite for the destabilization of the water column and hence the deglacial release of sequestered CO2 through upwelling.
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  • 9
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    Elevated trawling inside protected areas undermines conservation outcomes in a global fishing hot spot (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 362 (6421). pp. 1403-1407.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly used as a primary tool to conserve biodiversity. This is particularly relevant in heavily exploited fisheries hot spots such as Europe, where MPAs now cover 29% of territorial waters, with unknown effects on fishing pressure and conservation outcomes. We investigated industrial trawl fishing and sensitive indicator species in and around 727 MPAs designated by the European Union. We found that 59% of MPAs are commercially trawled, and average trawling intensity across MPAs is at least 1.4-fold higher as compared with nonprotected areas. Abundance of sensitive species (sharks, rays, and skates) decreased by 69% in heavily trawled areas. The widespread industrial exploitation of MPAs undermines global biodiversity conservation targets, elevating recent concerns about growing human pressures on protected areas worldwide.
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  • 10
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    Comment on “U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art” (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 361 (6408). eaau1371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-15
    Description: Hoffmann et al. (Reports, 23 February 2018, p. 912) report the discovery of parietal art older than 64,800 years and attributed to Neanderthals, at least 25 millennia before the oldest parietal art ever found. Instead, critical evaluation of their geochronological data seems to provide stronger support for an age of 47,000 years, which is much more consistent with the archaeological background in hand.
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  • 11
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    Release of mineral-bound water prior to subduction tied to shallow seismogenic slip off Sumatra (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 356 (6340). pp. 841-844.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Plate-boundary fault rupture during the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman subduction earthquake extended closer to the trench than expected, increasing earthquake and tsunami size. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 362 sampled incoming sediments offshore northern Sumatra, revealing recent release of fresh water within the deep sediments. Thermal modeling links this freshening to amorphous silica dehydration driven by rapid burial-induced temperature increases in the past 9 million years. Complete dehydration of silicates is expected before plate subduction, contrasting with prevailing models for subduction seismogenesis calling for fluid production during subduction. Shallow slip offshore Sumatra appears driven by diagenetic strengthening of deeply buried fault-forming sediments, contrasting with weakening proposed for the shallow Tohoku-Oki 2011 rupture, but our results are applicable to other thickly sedimented subduction zones including those with limited earthquake records.
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  • 12
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    Greater role for Atlantic inflows on sea-ice loss in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 356 (6335). pp. 285-291.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Arctic sea-ice loss is a leading indicator of climate change and can be attributed, in large part, to atmospheric forcing. Here, we show that recent ice reductions, weakening of the halocline, and shoaling of intermediate-depth Atlantic Water layer in the eastern Eurasian Basin have increased winter ventilation in the ocean interior, making this region structurally similar to that of the western Eurasian Basin. The associated enhanced release of oceanic heat has reduced winter sea-ice formation at a rate now comparable to losses from atmospheric thermodynamic forcing, thus explaining the recent reduction in sea-ice cover in the eastern Eurasian Basin. This encroaching “atlantification” of the Eurasian Basin represents an essential step toward a new Arctic climate state, with a substantially greater role for Atlantic inflows.
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  • 13
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    Constraining the timing of deglaciation of the High Alps and rates of subglacial erosion with cosmogenic nuclides (2017)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Spatially and temporally variable catchment-wide denudation rates – clues from the Alps (2017)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Stable Electromagnetic Modeling Using a Multigrid Solver on Stretching Grids: The Magnetotelluric Example (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    In:  IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 13 (3). pp. 334-338.
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-29
    Description: Electromagnetic (EM) surveys are widely used in geophysical study. Reliable 3-D forward modeling is required for the inversion and interpretation of geophysical data. We have introduced a novel method for 3-D EM modeling using stretching grids, which uses a multigrid iterative solver for solving the formed linear system of equations based on the staggered finite-difference method. The developed algorithm is applied for the simulation of the magnetotelluric fields. We have tested this new algorithm using synthetic geoelectric models. The proposed multigrid method using stretching grids is also compared with the preconditioned Krylov-subspace solvers, the biconjugate gradients stabilized method, and the generalized minimum residual method. The developed multigrid method is proved to be more stable and requires less iterations to converge.
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  • 16
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    A plankton bloom shifts as the ocean warms (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 354 (6310). pp. 287-288.
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    Publication Date: 2019-03-05
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  • 17
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    Bewertung der Grundwassergeschütztheit anhand der Verweilzeit in der Grundwasserüberdeckung (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Verweilzeitberechnung ist eine sehr anschauliche Methode zur Bewertung der Geschütztheit einer Wasserfassung oder eines Grundwasserleiters. Sie berücksichtigt alle relevanten Einflussfaktoren und ist aus Sicht der Autoren anderen Verfahren zur Geschütztheitsbewertung vorzuziehen. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, mit der die Geschütztheit der Wasserfassungen im Raum Pasewalk bewertet wurde und die auch landesweit anwendbar ist. Die methodischen Grundlagen von Verweilzeitberechnungen werden untersucht und spezifiziert und es erfolgt eine Diskussion der Interpolationsmöglichkeiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Sickerwasser ; Verweilzeit ; Sickerstrecke ; Grundwasserflurabstand ; DIN 19732 ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Grundwasserüberdeckung ; Grundwassergeschütztheit ; Verweilzeitberechnung
    Language: German
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  • 18
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    Geologische Landesaufnahme in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern seit 1990 (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der Geologische Dienst M-V sammelt und dokumentiert im Rahmen der Landesaufnahme Daten zur Geologie der Oberfläche und des Tieferen Untergrundes, zur Hydrogeologie, zur Bodenkunde sowie zur Rohstoffgeologie und wertet diese Daten unter vielfältigen Aspekten der Daseinsvorsorge aus. Als Ergebnis entstanden seit 1990 mehrere moderne Informationssysteme, Kartenwerke und andere Produkte. Neben der Publikation von analogen Karten erfolgt in den letzten Jahren verstärkt eine digitale Informationsbereitstellung in Form von digitalen Produkten; verstärkt werden auch Informationen über das Kartenportal Umwelt in der Internetpräsentation des Landesamtes veröffentlicht (www.umweltkarten.mv-regierung.de).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Landesaufnahme ; Geologische Karte ; Kartenportal Umwelt ; Bohrdatenspeicher
    Language: German
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  • 19
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    Multiproxy-Untersuchungen zur Paläoökologie und -hydrologie eines spätglazial- bis frühholozänen Flachsees im nordostdeutschen Küstengebiet (Glowe-Paläosee/Insel Rügen) (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The paper presents results of multiproxy-investigations of a 3 m long sediment section from the Glowe Palaeolake, covering the period Pre-Bølling to the middle of the Preboreal. The Lateglacial and early Holocene landscape development comprising climate fluctuations, lake evolution, lake-level variations and vegetation history is reconstructed using pollen, diatom, macrofossil, molluscs as well as sedimentological and geochemical data based on 14C-dating. The palaeolake appeared due to the decay of the permafrost during the Bølling and developed in the Allerød into a 3–4 m deep, species-poor and macrophyte-rich stillwater. The submerse vegetation and fauna decreased during the Younger Dryas, but returned fast and with higher density in the Preboreal. Phases of cooler climate can be parallelized with the Gerzensee oscillation, the Younger Dryas and the Rammelbeek oscillation, which each are palynologically bipartite. In contrast, indications for the Older Dryas were only scarce. The cooler phases were characterized by intensified allochthonous clastic input into the lake. During the Younger Dryas the input was dominated by solifluction processes, while during the Allerød and the Preboreal predominantly fluvial processes occurred. The most significant changes in the palaeoecology of the lake were caused by the rapid warming at the onset of the Preboreal. During the phases of warmer climate the vegetation development was influenced by the vicinity to the Baltic Ice Lake, which caused – compared to more southerly regions – a delayed spread of Pinus. Also, the long term climate changes determined the alterations in the chemical sediment composition, the diatom flora and the macrophyte vegetation. Short term variations, which caused the closely spaced sediment layering mainly in the older part of the sediment section cannot be explained so far. The course of the outcropping stratigraphic units was used to construct a lake-level curve. It shows a rapid rise in the early Allerød and a subsequent slower rise until the highstand in the Younger Dryas. In the early Preboreal, a fast lake-level fall occurred, the palaeolake silted up and dried out in the middle of the Preboreal.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geochemistry ; radiocarbon dating ; vegetation history ; late glacial ; pollen ; molluscs ; early holocene ; diatoms ; macrofossils ; lake sediments ; northern Central Europe ; palaeolake ; climate fluctuation ; lake-level variation
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 20
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    Editorial Vol. 65, No.1 (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: editorial
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Sanierung der Altlast am ehemaligen Gaswerk Neubrandenburg (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Das ehemalige Gaswerk liegt innerhalb der Stadt Neubrandenburg „Am Güterbahnhof“, umgeben von Altbausubstanz mit gewerblicher Nutzung und Wohnbebauung. Die Produktion von Stadtgas aus Steinkohle begann hier 1867. Eine Erweiterung erfolgte im Ersten Weltkrieg durch die Inbetriebnahme einer Wassergasanlage zur Streckung des Steinkohlengases, einer Benzolgewinnungsanlage und einer Sulfatfabrik. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg kam es zur Zerstörung der drei Gasbehälter und von Teilen der Bebauung. Nach 1945 wurde das Gaswerk mit einem Gasbehälter wieder aufgebaut. In den letzten Nutzungsjahren traten zahlreiche Havarien durch übergelaufene Teer- und Ammoniakgruben sowie durch verstopfte Leitungen auf. 1971 erfolgten die Stilllegung des Gaswerkes und ein teilweiser Rückbau der oberirdischen Anlagen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Neubrandenburg ; Grundwasser ; Gaswerk ; Sanierung ; Altlast ; Kontamination ; Historie
    Language: German
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  • 22
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    Die Findlinge im Revier Waldsee, Mecklenburg (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im Revier Waldsee, zwischen Neustrelitz und Feldberg in der Mecklenburgischen Seenplatte, sind überwiegend Bildungen des Sanders vor der Pommerschen Haupteisrandlage verbreitet. In den Sanderflächen treten vereinzelt sehr große Findlinge auf. Die zwei größten aufgefundenen Findlinge werden petrographisch beschrieben und als schützenswerte Geotope empfohlen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Findlinge ; Feldberger Seenlandschaft
    Language: German
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  • 23
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    Der Findling an der Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht in Usadel (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Bei dem für die Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht in Usadel ausgewählten Findling (Fundort: vermutlich Kiesgrube Siedenbüssow) handelt es sich um ein seltenes monomiktes Konglomerat, dessen Herkunft – und damit auch sein Bildungsalter – bisher nicht genau bestimmt werden kann. In einer sandigen bis feinkiesigen, rötlich-violetten Matrix befinden sich zahlreiche helle, mäßig gerundete Gesteinsbruchstücke bis 12 cm Größe aus kristallinem Quarz (Gangquarz). Konglomerate mit einer ähnlichen Zusammensetzung sind als lokale Einschaltungen in mesoproterozoischen Sandsteinen und Grauwacken an der Hohen Küste in Nordschweden bekannt und möglicherweise als isolierte Vorkommen im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet jotnischer Rotsedimente zu finden. Aufgrund der Zusammensetzung und des relativ geringen Verfestigungsgrades kann aber auch eine Zuordnung zur klastischen Abfolge der jüngstproterozoisch-unterkambrischen Nexö-Formation Bornholms nicht völlig ausgeschlossen werden, deren basale Schichten ebenfalls unter terrestrischen, oxidativen Bedingungen abgelagert wurden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; geschiebe ; monomiktes Konglomerat ; Nexö-Formation ; Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht ; Jotnischer Sandstein
    Language: German
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  • 24
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    Reconsidering the current stratigraphy of the Alpine Lateglacial (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The sedimentary and morphological evidence for Lateglacial glacier fluctuations in the Lienz area provides a strong case against the currently used pentapartite stratigraphic subdivision of the Alpine Lateglacial (ALG; c. 19–11.7 ka) i.e. the timespan between the Würmian Pleniglacial (= Alpine Last Glacial Maximum; AlpLGM) and the beginning of the Holocene. The results of comprehensive geological mapping (including the detection of mass movements) supported by geochronological data and pollen analysis revealed that the ALG- record of the Schobergruppe mountains and the Lienz Dolomites can be subdivided into four unconformity-bounded (allostratgraphic) units which are linked to three climatostratigraphically-defined phases of glacier activity. Delta deposits and till of local glaciers document the phase of ice-decay after the AlpLGM. Between this period and the Bølling/Allerød (B/A) interstadial only one glacier stabilisation with massive end moraines, correlated with the Gschnitz stadial, is evident. Multiple end moraines prove the presence of very active glacier tongues during the Younger Dryas aged Egesen stadial. The 10Be exposure dating of an end moraine, previously attributed to the Daun stadial (pre-B/A interstadial) based on ΔELA values, provided an age of 12.8 ± 0.6 ka indicating it is of Younger Dryas age. This case highlights the pitfalls of the commonly used ΔELA-based stratigraphic ALG subdivision and the subsequent derivation of palaeoclimatic implications. ΔELAs are still considered as a useful tool for correlation on the local scale e.g. in one mountain group with a quite comparable topography and lithology and taking into account the limitations, especially the impact of debris cover. However, our results show that a stratigraphic correlation across the whole Alpine chain via ΔELAs is not a successful approach potentially leading to bias and, eventually, to circular arguments.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; palynology ; alps ; late pleistocene ; lateglacial ; younger dryas ; geological mapping ; allostratigraphy ; climatostratigraphy ; exposure dating ; deformable bed
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Faunistisch bemerkenswerte und für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern neue Arten der Kurzflügelkäfer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) – Teil 5 (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Nachweise von 106 Arten der Kurzflügelkäfer in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV) zwischen 1989 und 2016 werden dokumentiert und diskutiert. Anhand aktueller Nachweise mit dem Autokescher wird die Verbreitung und Häufigkeit einiger Arten in MV neu bewertet. Zwei Arten sind neu für die Fauna des Bundeslandes: 〈i〉Cousya longitarsis〈/i〉 (Thomson, 1867) and 〈i〉Philonthus ebeninus〈/i〉 (Gravenhorst, 1802). Xerotherme Standorte, sandige Ufer von Fließgewässern und Salzwiesen sind in MV selten bzw. werden oftmals massiv beeinträchtigt. Diese Habitate beherbergen jedoch eine Vielzahl ökologisch anspruchsvoller Arten und sollten deshalb besonders geschützt werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; fauna ; rare species ; riparian species
    Language: German
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    Weitere Blattwespen (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) des Zoologischen Institutes der Universität Rostock, insbesondere aus den Sammlungen Jahn und Haupt (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Blattwespen des Zoologischen Institutes der Universität Rostock, insbesondere die Sammlungen Jahn und Haupt, wurden revidiert. Das Material aus den Familien Argidae, Cephidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Orussidae, Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae und Xiphydriidae stammt aus zehn deutschen Bundesländern, hauptsächlich aus Brandenburg und Hessen. Für folgende Taxa fehlen Hinweise in den Checklisten für die jeweiligen Bundesländer in der Entomofauna Germanica (Blank et al. 2001): Für Brandenburg 〈i〉Tenthredo arcuata〈/i〉 Forster, 1771 und 〈i〉Cimbex connatus〈/i〉 (Schrank, 1776), für Hessen 〈i〉Sterictiphora angelicae〈/i〉 (Panzer, 1799) und 〈i〉Tenthredopsis tarsata〈/i〉 (Fabricius, 1804), für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 〈i〉Orussus abietinus〈/i〉 (Scopoli, 1763), für Sachsen 〈i〉Macrodiprion nemoralis〈/i〉 (Enslin, 1917), für Nordrhein-Westfalen 〈i〉Pamphilius betulae〈/i〉 Linnaeus, 1758, für Rheinland-Pfalz 〈i〉Urocerus gigas〈/i〉 Linnaeus, 1758. Daneben finden sich Einzelfunde aus Frankreich, Liechtenstein, Polen, Slowakei, Spanien und der Schweiz.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; fauna ; deutschland ; europa ; Blattwespen ; Symphyta ; Verbreitung
    Language: German
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    Unterkambrischer Sandstein mit kegelförmigen organischen Strukturen des Conichnus-Typs – ein Fundbericht (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Es wird ein unterkambrisches Sandsteingeschiebe von Rügen mit 14 kegelförmigen Strukturen vom Conichnus-Typ in Vergesellschaftung mit dem Spurenfossil Monocraterion vorgestellt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; geschiebe ; Sandstein ; Bornholm ; Conichnus
    Language: German
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    Eiszerfallsformen, Esker sowie subglaziale und subaerische Talbildungen am Lütjensee / Forst Seebergen (Stormarn, Schleswig-Holstein) (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This article presents investigations of a diverse landscape in the young moraine area of southeastern Schleswig-Holstein (Stormarn county). The northern part of the study area represents a large basin, possibly a glacier basin influenced by glaciofluvial meltwaters or by dead ice. Organic sedimentation occurred in this basin from the Late-glacial (Bölling/Alleröd interstadial complex), followed by a longer lake phase and the growth of a fen after c. 5.000 14C a B.P. The central area of the basin was formed as ice-disintegration landscape – including kames, eskers and esker-like features. Ring-like glaciofluvial landform structures are interpreted as subcircular eskers. Kettle bogs developed in the centres of these landforms from c. 5.000 14C a BP (Atlantic/Subboreal) onwards. The southern and south-eastern part of the study area represents a smoothed moraine zone, that includes a glaciotectonically influenced Saalian core of till, sand and glacilacustrine sediment. Parallel aligned gullies were predominantly formed as tunnel valleys. Some parts of the channels are infilled with glaciolacustrine clays. Several channels, asymmetric in cross-profile, were shaped by periglacial slope denudation.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; weichselian late glacial ; valley formation ; subcircular esker ; kame ; ice decay landforms
    Language: German
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    Late Holocene glacier fluctuations in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, southeastern Tibet (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; tibet ; late holocene ; glacier fluctuation
    Language: English
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    The aeolian sedimentary system along the transition between the Qilian Shan and northern Chinese drylands during the late Quaternary (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; china ; late quaternary ; drylands ; aeolian sedimentary system
    Language: English
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    The tablelands in the Puli Basin (central Taiwan) – a geochronological and geomorphological approach to Late Quaternary fluvial sedimentary and erosional processes (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late quaternary ; tablelands ; Taiwan ; sedimentary process ; erosional process
    Language: English
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    Subaqueous conglomerates above pre-LGM basal till: Another element of the ‘classic’ interglacial mountain-flank succession (Hötting Breccia Auct.) north of Innsbruck, Austria (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The “Hötting Breccia” near Innsbruck is a classic interglacial mountain-flank succession mainly comprising lithified alluvial fans and scree slopes. Directly NW of Innsbruck, a pre-LGM (Riss?) basal till 〉20 m in thickness overlies a plucked rock surface that records eastward ice flow. The till is dominated by clasts of carbonate rocks from the Northern Calcareous Alps; index clasts of the LGM ice stream are absent. The basal till is overlain by a package of conglomerate nearly 1 km in preserved lateral extent that dip at 20–30° South and show the same clast spectrum as the underlying till. The conglomerate – hitherto assigned to the Hötting Breccia – accumulated from fan deltas and/or scree slopes shed into a standing water body; it is overlain by younger, unlithified LGM to Holocene deposits. We suggest the following scenario: During decay of the ice stream that formed the basal till, the conglomerate package was deposited by paraglacial reworking of till into a lake or ice-marginal lake. The alluvial fans of the Hötting Breccia accumulated independently from the conglomerate package, and from a distinct alluvial-fan system. The age relation of the till/conglomerate package to the main part of the Hötting Breccia is unclear. Our results demonstrate that the rocks hitherto summarized as Hötting Breccia represent a compound of lithosomes of different origins and ages.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; quaternary ; interglacial ; alps ; till ; conglomerate ; Hötting Breccia ; index clasts
    Language: English
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    Discussing surface crack structures in the Schorfheide region, NE Germany (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Express Report
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geomorphology ; late glacial ; airborne LiDAR ; northern Brandenburg ; digital elevation modelling ; Salt Tectonic ; Laacher Tephra
    Language: English
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    Moränen versus Till: Empfehlungen für die Beschreibung, Interpretation und Klassifikation glazialer Landformen und Sedimente (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Internationally, the description and interpretation of glacial sediments and landforms largely follow a set of uniform guidelines and terminology. Sediments are normally described according to their lithofacies characteristics (e.g. diamicton, sorted sands), and only after closer inspection and investigation are genetic terms applied (e.g. till, glaciofluvial outwash). Mixing of sedimentological and geomorphological terminology does not occur. In German-speaking countries, however, the term moraine is used for glaciogenic sediments and landforms such as end moraines and also adopted for till plains (“ground moraine landscapes”, “old/young morainic landscapes” etc.). Similar traditions of the latter kind are sometimes found as a relict in Scandinavian texts, and an equally profound mixing of terms is found in much of the French literature. The authors argue here that this mixture not only leads to unnecessary confusion for students but also makes international communication more difficult, especially when the terminological inconsistencies are as extensive and non-systematic as in the German community at present. The present paper presents a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art of till terminology, thereby providing the necessary background information for a useful description and interpretation of field evidence for communicating results in German and hopefully aiding more efficient communication of German Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists internationally. The aim is to provide a sedimentological terminology that is in agreement with international standards and can readily be distinguished from geomorphological vocabulary. The authors recommend that usage of the term ground moraine, for example, is restricted to certain landform associations encountered in NW Central Europe, and excluded from use when discussing sediments. For primary glaciogenic sediments sensu stricto the term till should be used only where appropriate sedimentological evidence exists. A process-based subdivision of till types (e.g. deformation, lodgement till) is not useful in most cases, because as a community we do not have the tools to reliably distinguish such processes at a macro-scale. This recognition has led to the creation of the highly useful umbrella term subglacial traction till and its distinction from overridden primary sediments that are termed glaciotectonite. The present contribution translates the older terminology to the internationally-accepted terminology that follows the scientifically-robust approach of splitting descriptive terminology – based on a lithofacies approach (e.g. diamicton) – from the latter interpretative stage (e.g. subglacial traction till, debris flow deposit). The authors present translations of the different till schemes that have existed through time and link these to the current state of the art, citing several examples and clear diagnostic criteria to distinguish various types of diamictic sediments. This contribution stresses that the majority of diamictons encountered in glacial environments, especially in ice-marginal settings, are not usually and certainly not automatically subglacial traction tills.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; grundmoräne ; quartärgeologie ; moräne ; sedimentologie ; terminologie ; sedimentology ; till ; moraines ; diamicton ; glacial sediments ; Quaternary Geology ; subglazialer Traktionstill ; glaziale Sedimente ; Diamikton ; Lithofaziesaufnahme ; subglacial traction till ; debris flow ; lithofacies approach
    Language: German
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    A warm and poorly ventilated deep Arctic Mediterranean during the last glacial period (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 349 (6249). pp. 706-710.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-04
    Description: Changes in the formation of dense water in the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas [the “Arctic Mediterranean” (AM)] probably contributed to the altered climate of the last glacial period. We examined past changes in AM circulation by reconstructing radiocarbon ventilation ages of the deep Nordic Seas over the past 30,000 years. Our results show that the glacial deep AM was extremely poorly ventilated (ventilation ages of up to 10,000 years). Subsequent episodic overflow of aged water into the mid-depth North Atlantic occurred during deglaciation. Proxy data also suggest that the deep glacial AM was ~2° to 3°C warmer than modern temperatures; deglacial mixing of the deep AM with the upper ocean thus potentially contributed to the melting of sea ice, icebergs, and terminal ice-sheet margins.
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    Postdocs reimagined (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 349 (6243). pp. 24-27.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-08
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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    Rethinking the marine carbon cycle: Factoring in the multifarious lifestyles of microbes (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 347 (6223). Art.Nr. 1257594.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-05
    Description: The profound influence of marine plankton on the global carbon cycle has been recognized for decades, particularly for photosynthetic microbes that form the base of ocean food chains. However, a comprehensive model of the carbon cycle is challenged by unicellular eukaryotes (protists) having evolved complex behavioral strategies and organismal interactions that extend far beyond photosynthetic lifestyles. As is also true for multicellular eukaryotes, these strategies and their associated physiological changes are difficult to deduce from genome sequences or gene repertoires - a problem compounded by numerous unknown function proteins. Here, we explore protistan trophic modes in marine food webs and broader biogeochemical influences. We also evaluate approaches that could resolve their activities, link them to biotic and abiotic factors, and integrate them into an ecosystems biology framework. © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
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    Rapid image processing and classification in underwater exploration using advanced high performance computing (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    In:  In: OCEANS 2015. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Washington, pp. 1-5. ISBN 978-0-933957-43-5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-01
    Description: Computational underwater image analysis is developing into a mature field of research, with an increasing number of companies, academic groups and researchers showing interest in it. While on the one hand, the basic question is addressed by many groups, how algorithms can be applied to automatically detect and classify objects of interest (OOI) in underwater image footage, on the other hand the questions for efficiency and performance, i.e. the time a computer (or a compute cluster) needs to perform this task, has received much attention yet. In this paper we will show, how nowadays methods for high performance computing like parallelization and GPU computing via CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) can be used to achieve both, image enhancement and segmentation in less than 0:2 sec per image (4224 x 2376 pixel) on average, which paves the way to real time online applications.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 39
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    Environmental development and local human impact in the Jeetzel valley (N Germany) since 10 ka BP as detected by geoarchaeological analyses in a coupled aeolian and lacustrine sediment archive at Soven (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: While archaeological records indicate an intensive Mesolithic occupation of dune areas situated along river valleys, relatively little knowledge exists about environmental interactions in the form of land-use strategies and their possible local impacts. The combination of geoarchaeological, chronological, geochemical and palaeoecological research methods and their application both on a Mesoltihic site situated on top of a dune and the adjacent palaeochannel sediments allows for a detailed reconstruction of the local environmental development around the Soven site in the Jeetzel valley (Northern Germany) since ~10.5 ka cal BP. Based on the results, we identified four phases that may be related to local human impact twice during the Mesolithic, the Neolithic and the Iron Ages and are discussed on the backdrop of the regional settlement history. Although nearby Mesolithic occupation is evident on archaeological grounds, the identification of synchronous impacts on the vegetation in the local environmental records remains tentative even in respect of the broad methodical spectrum applied. Vice versa, human impact is strongly indicated by palaeoecological and geochemical proxies during the Neolithic period, but cannot be connected to archaeological records in the area so far. A younger phase of human impact – probably consisting of seasonal livestock farming in the wetlands – is ascribed to the Iron Age economy and comprises local soil erosion, raised concentrations of phosphates and urease, and the facilitation of grazing related taxa.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; aeolian sand ; pollen ; mesolithic ; iron age ; charcoal ; human impact ; OSL ; Neolithisation
    Language: English
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    Periglaziäre, polygonal-verzweigte rinnenförmige Bildungen und glazitektonische Strukturen in Saale-Till am Elbe-Urstomtalrand bei Wedel (Schleswig-Holstein) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Remarkable polygenetical structures were observed at a refinery rehabilitation site in Wedel/Holstein. The polygonal shaped, channel-like structures are incised in mid-Saalian clayey, chalk-rich till. They are symmetrically semicircular shaped and filled with calcareous, silty sands that can be interpreted as sandy reworked till with aeolian components. The width reaches from approx. 0.3 to 1.5 metres, the depth up to approx. 0.8 metres. Horizontal cracks up to more than 10 meters in lengths, occurring as narrow belts of sand with reddish colour, are often centrally aligned in the channel-like structures. The present-day red colour is not natural but related to pollution. These belts reach down to the bottom of the channel like structures. At the lower site of the channel-like structures glacitectonic fissures with a width up to a few centimetres were to be traced into a depth of several metres to the basis of the excavat ion. The genesis of the channel-like structures is discussed. e. g. a possible relation with the pre-existing glacitectonic joints resp. the expected periglacial paleohydrogeological setting.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; periglacial channels ; Weichselian periglacial ; frost wedges ; glacitectonism ; paleohydrogeology ; talik ; Elbe spillway
    Language: German
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    Chronostratigraphy of the Hochterrassen in the lower Lech valley (Northern Alpine Foreland) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Hochterrassen (High or Higher Terraces) are a prominent geomorphological feature of the Northern Alpine Foreland and have traditionally been attributed to the Rissian glaciation. However, distinct morphological sublevels observed for this feature have often raised the question of their age. This issue is exemplarily investigated here on the Langweider and Rainer Hochterrassen in the lower Lech valley using different relative and numerical dating techniques. The lowest sublevel, the Übergangsterrasse is only preserved in small patches at the western rim of the Rainer Hochterrasse and is most probably of early Würmian age. The sublevel of the Jüngere Hochterrasse is older than the Last Interglacial, as indicated by luminescence ages of overlying loess/palaeosol sequence and the development of a luvisol on top of the terrace gravel. This terrace is composed of stacked gravel units that represent at least two accumulation phases correlating with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 for the top gravel and MIS 7 to MIS 10 (or older) for the basal gravel. It is not yet clear, if the deposition of the basal gravel unit corresponds to one or more aggradation phases during the Middle Pleistocene. The highest sublevel, the Ältere Hochterrasse also shows a compositon of two stacked gravel units but so far, no numerical ages have been achieved for these units.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; northern alpine foreland ; middle pleistocene ; luminescence dating ; Hochterrassen ; fluvial terraces
    Language: English
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    Late Pleistocene spotted hyena den sites and specialized rhinoceros scavengers in the karstified Zechstein areas of the Thuringian Mountains (Central Germany) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss 1823) cranial and postcranial remains of the Pößneck region in the Zechstein Karst region of the Thuringian Mountains (Central Germany) were excavated historically in the Wüste Scheuer Cavity at Döbritz. Nearby, at the Krölpa gypsum karst open air site, additionally a woolly rhinoceros, partially scavenged by Ice Age spotted hyenas, was found. The amount at Wüste Scheuer Cavity includes chew damaged Coelodonta antiquitatis remains and is classified herein as communal den type. At both den/scavenging sites, only a small amount of prey material of Late Pleistocene megafauna of rare M. primigenius, mainly C. antiquitatis, E. c. przewalskii, and fewer B. priscus and R. tarandus was accumulated. The dominance of woolly rhinoceros, bison and Przewalski horse bones are typical for hyena bone assemblages in European low mountain regions, where mammoth was nearly absent as a result of topography. In the Thuringian Karst Mountains nine Late Pleistocene Ice Age spotted hyena den sites are identified. Solely hyena dens are present in Zechstein open air gypsum and limestone karstic regions of Bad Köstritz, Krölpa and Fuchsluken Cavities near Saalfeld. In the Wüste Scheuer their remains overlap with Middle Palaeolithic Neanderthal human camp sites, similar as in the Ilsen Cave at Ranis and Lindenthal Cave in Gera, which demonstrates competition for prey and shelter cavities. At such cave sites, bone remains were historically misinterpreted as „solely of Neanderthal human kitchen rubbish” or even as “bone tools” (e.g. “bone scrapers” = woolly rhinoceros tibia bones chewed by hyenas).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late pleistocene ; Ice Age spotted hyenas ; den types ; Thuringian Mountains ; Central Germany
    Language: English
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    Ein Uferprofil am Priesterbäker See: Slawenzeitlich-mittelalterliche Seespiegelschwankungen im Bereich der „Specker Seen“ (Mecklenburg) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Eine durch einen Bodenschurf aufgeschlossene Boden-Sediment-Folge einer alten Seeterrasse im Einzugsgebiet des Priesterbäker Sees zeigt deutliche Fazieswechsel im Uferbereich des Gewässers. Die Abfolge von liegenden humosen Sanden, welche einen ehemaligen Verlandungssaum nachzeichnen, limnischen Sanden mit Bodenbildung und hangenden Flugsanden belegt Änderungen in der Sedimentation, welche mit säkularen Grundwasser- bzw. Seespiegelschwankungen zu erklären sind. Mit Hilfe von geophysikalischen Datierungen lassen sich gegenüber dem heutigen Niveau höhere Wasserstände für den Priesterbäker See bzw. die so genannten „Specker Seen“ östlich der Müritz während des 7.–9. und 12.–14. Jahrhunderts ableiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; seespiegelschwankungen ; mecklenburg ; Seeterrasse ; Priesterbäker See ; Slawenzeit
    Language: German
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    Weichselzeitliche Kryocalcite als Hinweise für Eisseen in der Hüttenbläserschachthöhle (Iserlohn/NRW) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: C/O-stable isotope composition (VPDB) of speleothems from the Makkaronihalle of the Hüttenbläserschacht Cave in Iserlohn shows a clear separation between glacial and interglacial calcites. In contrast to normal speleothems (stalagmites, excentriques, crystals in cave ponds, draperies; δ18O: –4.0 to –6.1 ‰, δ13C: –4.9 to –10.9 ‰), rhombohedral crystal sinter and spherulitic speleoparticles are characterised by lower δ18O (–8.9 to –17.9 ‰) and higher δ13C values (+0.7 to –6.1 ‰). This suggests that these speleogenetic particles were formed in slowly freezing waterpools on ice during the transition from a stadial to an interstadial phase. Precise 230Th/U-dating shows younger Weichselian ages of 28.6 to 33.0 ka for these speleogenetic particles from north-west Germany. These formation periods indicate freezing conditions overlain by 34 m of hostrock and provide the minimum depth of permafrost penetration for the younger Weichselian in the area of the northern Sauerland (north-west Germany).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; permafrost ; Cryogenic calcites ; C/O isotopes ; Upper Weichselian ; ice caves ; north-western Germany
    Language: German
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    Spätsaalezeitliche und eemzeitliche Makrofaunen aus dem Kliffaufschluss Klein Klütz Höved (NW-Mecklenburg) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: On the basis of the work done by Strahl et al. (1994), the mollusc specimens in the Late Saalian glacial and Eemian interglacial sediments from the cliff outcrop of Klein Klütz Höved (NW Mecklenburg) were re-examined and, in the process, a few vertebrates (fishes, micromammals) were also found. The mollusc specimens from the Late Saalian sand and mud alone comprise approximately 40 species among which terrestrial varieties, e.g. Succinella oblonga, Pupilla loessica, P. pratensis, Vallonia tenuilabris or Vertigo genesii, are clearly predominant as far as the number of individual specimens is concerned. Among the limnic varieties were also found the glacial index species Pisidium obtusale f. lapponicum and P. stewarti. It was also possible to prove the northern-most presence for Germany of the steppe lemming Lagurus lagurus in the Late Saalian. In the Eemian mud, the molluscs found were almost exclusively limnic. This about 20 species comprising fauna is characte-ristic of a river system with calmer areas, oxbow lakes and in-coming springs. These fluvial conditions were confirmed by the freshwater bivalves Pisidium amnicum, P. supinum, P. moitessierianum, P. ponderosum and Unio tumidus. For the first time in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, evidence was found of the spring snail Belgrandia germanica as an interglacial index species. The limnic-fluvial section of the Eemian is topped by a cryoturbate structures. Its sandy, gravelly pockets contain marine molluscs. The index species for the marine Eemian found in the southern Baltic region are Polititapes senescens and Bittium reticulatum.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; molluscs ; Saalian deposits ; limnic and marine Eemian facies ; Belgrandia germanica ; micromammals ; Lagurus lagurus ; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
    Language: German
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  • 46
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    Klima, Grundwassernutzung oder Waldbewirtschaftung? Ursachen tendenziell fallender Grundwasserstände am Beispiel Südwest-Usedoms (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Tendenziell fallende Grundwasserstände können vielfältige Ursachen haben, z.B. die Änderung der klimatischen Bedingungen, Modifikationen der Landnutzung oder die Entnahme von Grundwasser. Am Beispiel Südwest-Usedoms wird dargestellt, wie mögliche Einflussfaktoren analysiert und quantifiziert werden können. Für das Untersuchungsgebiet zeigte sich, dass die über Jahrzehnte gesunkenen Grundwasserstände überwiegend aus der Kahlschlagbewirtschaftung des Waldes resultieren und damit weniger einen Trend als eine überjährliche Schwankung ausweisen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; forest ; Sickerwasser ; Grundwasser ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Wald ; Landschaftswasserhaushalt ; Trend ; Grundwasserentnahme ; geohydraulisches Modell ; Landscape water regime ; Groundwater ; Groundwater recharge ; percolate water ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater modelling ; Geohydraulic model ; Grundwasserströmung ; Modellierung
    Language: German
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  • 47
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    Bw horizon in Holocene slope deposits (Kratzeburg, NE Germany) – dating and pedological characteristics (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: A soil-sediment sequence in NE Germany has provided information about the duration and intensity of formation of a Bw horizon in Holocene slope deposits. With a combination of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), 14C- and archaeological dating methods, colluvial layers taken from a former castle wall trench constructed during the Bronze Age were dated. With this chronology, the relative age of the postsedimentary Bw horizon formation within the colluvial sediments was derived, resulting in the first valid pedochronological data (maximum and minimum age) for a Holocene Bw horizon in NE Germany. The horizon was formed within 2400 years. Weathering and brunification have altered the Holocene parent material. However, the geochemical characteristics of the Holocene soil formation are weak compared to Bw horizons from the Late Glacial and the Late Glacial to Holocene. The results presented here enhance our understanding of soil formation processes in northern Germany, while highlighting the role of colluvial layers as sedimentological tracers of Holocene soil formation processes.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; holocene ; ne germany ; dating ; Bw horizon ; Slope deposits ; soil formation
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Holocene Vegetation and Land Use History in the Northern Vosges (France) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: A radiocarbon-dated peat profile from Rond Pertuis supérieure mire in the uplands of the Northern Vosges is studied using palynological methods. The profile dates from the middle Atlantic period (4500–3100 B.C.) to recent times. During the middle of the Atlantic period an oak forest rich in pine covered the Northern Vosges. Fir and beech immigrated at the end of the Atlantic leading to the decline of oak and pine in the forest. This also marked the onset of decisive human influence on the development of the terrestrial vegetation. Five land use phases were detected, the first one at the end of the Neolithic period (~4000–2200 B.C.). Subsequently, continuous land use is evident from the Bronze Age (2200–800 B.C.) up to now. In the late Middle Ages (A.D. 900–1500) and the early Modern Era (since A.D. 1500), the woodlands were completely altered by human activities. During the 19th century modern forestry introduced spruce into the investigated area in the Northern Vosges. Spruce afforestation then accelerated in the middle of the 20th century.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; holocene ; pollen analysis ; france ; human impact ; Northern Vosges
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Island outlook: Warm and swampy (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 345 (6203). p. 1461.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: In his In Depth News story “Warming may not swamp islands” (1 August, p. 496), C. Pala argues that “coral reefs supporting sandy atoll islands will grow and rise in tandem with the sea,” based largely on studies that showed stable Pacific-island area over recent decades (1–4). He suggests that recent land losses are driven mostly by bad choices and that islanders are being affected “for the same reason as millions of people on the continents: because they live too close to shore.” We disagree with these conclusions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 50
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    Multidecadal warming of Antarctic waters (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 346 (6214). pp. 1227-1231.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Decadal trends in the properties of seawater adjacent to Antarctica are poorly known, and the mechanisms responsible for such changes are uncertain. Antarctic ice sheet mass loss is largely driven by ice shelf basal melt, which is influenced by ocean-ice interactions and has been correlated with Antarctic Continental Shelf Bottom Water (ASBW) temperature. We document the spatial distribution of long-term large-scale trends in temperature, salinity, and core depth over the Antarctic continental shelf and slope. Warming at the seabed in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas is linked to increased heat content and to a shoaling of the mid-depth temperature maximum over the continental slope, allowing warmer, saltier water greater access to the shelf in recent years. Regions of ASBW warming are those exhibiting increased ice shelf melt.
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  • 51
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    Climato-stratigraphic subdivision of the Pleistocene in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and adjoining areas (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein wurden in den zurückliegenden vier Jahrzehnten detaillierte Untersuchungen an Probenmaterial aus Aufschlüssen und Kernbohrungen durchgeführt. Analysen der Kiesfraktion und von ‚Leitgeschieben‘ aus glazialen Ablagerungen wurden für die Interpretation und Korrelation genutzt. Glazifluviatile Sedimente wurden TL- und OSL-datiert. Zusammen mit der stratigraphischen Information aus organischen Ablagerungen konnte eine neue klimatostratigraphische Tabelle des Pleistozäns für Schleswig-Holstein mit revidierter Gliederung des Mittel- und Oberpleistozäns erstellt werden. Die Pollensequenz der ältesten pleistozänen Warmzeit (Warmhörn-Thermomer) wird erstmals veröffentlicht. Das Unterpleistozän (Altpleistozän) und das untere Mittelpleistozän sind bei Lieth und bei Gorleben (Niedersachsen) in zwei kontinuierlichen Schichtfolgen vollständig dokumentiert, abgelagert in einem Wechsel von warmen und kalten Klimaphasen. Der oberste Abschnitt der Abfolge von Lieth und der unterste der Abfolge von Gorleben überlappen. Die kombinierte Abfolge bietet ein einzigartiges Referenzprofil für Korrelationen innerhalb Europas. Bisher wurden in Schleswig-Holstein nur drei Kaltzeiten mit Vergletscherungen nachgewiesen, Elster- und Saale-Kaltzeit im oberen Mittelpleistozän und die Weichsel-Kaltzeit im Oberpleistozän. Eine mögliche prä-elsterzeitliche Vergletscherung wird diskutiert. Die Holstein-Warmzeit wird mit MIS 9e korreliert. Das Saale umfasst einen unteren Abschnitt mit nicht-glaziären Kaltzeiten und mit Warmzeiten, der ‚Wacken-Warmzeit‘ (=Dömnitz) und der ‚Leck-Warmzeit‘, korreliert mit MIS 7e und MIS 7c, und einen glaziären oberen Abschnitt. Während des Weichsel gab es wahrscheinlich zwei Phasen mit Vergletscherung, die erste im frühen Mittelweichsel (‚Ellund-Phase‘, spätes MIS 4 oder/und frühes MIS 3), die zweite im oberen Weichsel (MIS 2). Die weichselzeitliche Vergletscherung Schleswig-Holsteins endet um 15 ka BP, als großflächige stagnierende Eisflächen und Toteismassen des Jungbaltischen Gletschervorstoßes (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) schmolzen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
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  • 52
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    Driving mechanisms of Holocene lagoon development and barrier accretion in Northern Elis, Peloponnese, inferred from the sedimentary record of the Kotychi Lagoon (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: As part of the lagoon barrier accretions plain characterizing the NW coast of the Peloponnese, the Kotychi Lagoon is believed to have formed in the prograding delta of the Palaeo-Peneus River over 7000 years ago. Geochemical/sedimentological proxies-data (XRF, grain size, OC-, IC-, C/N-analysis) combined with Bayesian age-depth-modeling revealed that from 8500 to 8000 cal BP marine conditions were prevailing. Around 8000 cal BP, a short-lived sequence of coastline progradation and barrier accretion created lagoonal conditions. Thus, the first chronological control for the onset of lagoon formation in coastal Elis is presented. Pronounced lagoonal conditions developed approximately 6300 cal BP, simultaneously to the period of circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation. A rapidly varying sedimentary record indicates a phase of geomorphological instability between 5200 and 3500 cal BP terminating with the erosional unconformity of a river channel. This evolution reflects a two-phase development: (1) Early Holocene morphology was controlled by the postglacial sea level rise; (2) with receding of the ice sheets by mid-Holocene, the preeminent role of the eustatic signal was overwhelmed giving local and regional processes, such as human-induced soil erosion and climatic forcing an accentuated role. Thus, the evolution of the Elean coastline shows analogies to circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geochemistry ; lagoon ; sea level change ; Greece ; Holocene coastal evolution ; XRF
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    Climato-stratigraphic subdivision of the Pleistocene in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and adjoining areas (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein detailed petrographical and palynological studies were undertaken with samples from exposures and core drillings examined over the last four decades. Analyses of the gravel fraction and ‘indicator rocks’ of glacial deposits were used for stratigraphical interpretations and correlation. Glaciofluvial sediments were dated by TL and OSL. Combined with the stratigraphical information from organic deposits, a new climato-stratigraphic table of the Pleistocene for Schleswig-Holstein with a revised subdivision of the Middle and Late Pleistocene could be established. The pollen sequence of the oldest Pleistocene warm phase (Warmhörn-Thermomer) is published for the first time. The complete Early Pleistocene and lower Middle Pleistocene stratigraphical sequence is documented at Lieth and at Gorleben (Lower Saxony) in two continuous successions of organic beds developed during warm phases alternating with cold phase deposits. The uppermost part of the Lieth succession and the lowermost part of Gorleben overlap. The combined succession provides a unique reference for correlations through Europe. No more than three cold stages involving glaciation are demonstrated to exist currently in Schleswig-Holstein, the Elsterian and the Saalian in the upper Middle Pleistocene, and the Weichselian in the Late Pleistocene. A possible pre-Elsterian glaciation is discussed. The Holsteinian is correlated with MIS 9e. The Saalian includes a lower part with non-glacial cold phases and warm phases, the ‘Wacken-Warmzeit’ (=Dömnitz) and the ‘Leck-Warmzeit’ correlated with MIS 7e and MIS 7c respectively, and a glacial upper part. During the Weichselian probably two phases of glaciation existed, the first in the early Middle Weichselian (‘Ellund-Phase’; late MIS 4 or/and the early MIS 3), the second in the Upper Weichselian (MIS 2). The Weichselian glaciation of Schleswig-Holstein ends around 15 ka BP when huge stagnant and dead ice masses of the Young Baltic glacier advance (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) melted.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
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    Ice Age geomorphological Ahorn Valley and Ailsbach River terrace evolution – and its importance for the cave use possibilities by cave bears, top predators (hyenas, wolves and lions) and humans (Neanderthals, Late Palaeolithics) in the Frankonian Karst (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Sophie’s Cave in Upper Franconia, Bavaria (South Germany) eroded into Upper Jurassic reef dolomite and is a perfect model including all three stages of cave development ranging from a 1. ponor cave, to 2. intermediate periodically flooded cave to 3. dry cave. The key position of the cave along the Ahorn Valley, a side valley of the larger Wiesent River Valley, allow a cave genesis and evolution reconstruction which started in the Pliocene. The main refill took place in the Quaternary with Middle to Late Pleistocene river terrace sediments, present as relict sediments. Seven valley genesis stages between Pliocene to final Late Pleistocene can be separated in elevations of 440 to 375 meters a.s.l. The lowering of the Ailsbach River in the Ahorn Valley is important to understand the accessibility of caves for Pleistocene animals and Palaeolithic humans in different valley positions and elevations during different times in Upper Franconia, and the natural erosive opening/closing of cave entrances towards drainage valleys.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; bavaria ; cave ; ice age ; Ahorn Valley ; Alsbach River ; terrace evolution ; bears ; humans ; Neanderthals ; Late Palaeolithics
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    Erwägungen zur Korrelation mittelpleistozäner Relikte des Rheingletschers mit der Nordschweizer Stratigraphie (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In the glaciation history of Switzerland (Preusser, Graf, Keller, Krayss & Schlüchter 2011) is shown that two (possibly three) older glacials had happened before the well known glacials Würm = Birrfeld and Riss = Beringen. These are the Habsburg- and the Möhlin-Glacials. In this paper selected key regions in Southern Germany are analysed litho- and morphostratigraphically. This analysis enables us to find the two older glacials proved also at the Rhine Glacier. The period of the „Deckenschotter“-glaciations is followed by a time of striking fluvial erosion (MPR = Middle Pleistocene Reorganisation) in the region of Lake Constance. It is demonstrated that the glaciers of the subsequent Middle Pleistocene glacials exarated the overdeepened Lake Constance basin. The oldest of these „Becken-Glacials“ is named „Größtes Rheinisches Glazial“ (GRG) = Möhlin in the northern part of Switzerland. It corresponds to the Hosskirch introduced by Ellwanger (2003). In the northern Rhine Glacier region the most external glacial deposits belong to this glaciation. Earlier in the northwestern part these deposits are interpreted as Riss-Glacial, but in the northeast as Mindel-Glacial. The GRG evidently must be older than Riss, but younger than the „Younger Deckenschotter“. Therefore Mindel in the northeastern region would be a Becken-Glacial. In the northern part of Switzerland the Habsburg-Glacial nearly reached the extension of the Würm-Glacial. In the region of the Rhine Glacier references and/or indications of the Habsburg-Glacial could be found in a band width corresponding to the Würm, but outside it as well. In the northern region of the Rhine Glacier this vast glaciation has not been discovered up to now because the subsequent glacials Riss and Würm mainly destroyed its relics. To classify the „Greatest Rhine Glacial“ GRG as well as the Habsburg-Glacial chronologically interpolated interglacials with time marks can be applied: IG Unterpfauzenwald – GRG – IG Holstein – Habsburg – IG Meikirch – Riss – IG Eem. Accordingly a temporal classification for the glacials results as follows: (GRG) +350 ka BP (MIS 10), Habsburg +250 ka BP (MIS 8), Riss +150 ka BP (MIS 6).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; glacial deposits ; chronostratigraphy ; alpine foreland ; glacial drainage ; Rhine Glacier
    Language: German
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  • 56
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    Holotype skulls, stratigraphy, bone taphonomy and excavation history in the Zoolithen Cave and new theory about Esper’s “great deluge” (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The Zoolithen Cave, in the Wiesent River Valley of Upper Franconia, Bavaria, South Germany, has a very long excavation history. The site is of international paleobiological importance as the Type site for five Pleistocene top predators (cave bear, Ice Age hyena, lion, wolf, dhole). This large cave system has developed in three elevations and preserves three fluvial sedimentary sequences including two speleothem genesis phases representing changing ponor, dry and wet stages from the Oligocene/Miocene (Neogene), over the Pliocene/Early Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene. The cave bear Ursus deningeri used the cave as den during the MIS 6–9 (Holsteinian interglacial-Saalian glacial). Single P4 tooth and skull shape analyses (“= cave bear clock”) date different cave bear species (U. spelaeus eremus/spelaeus, U. ingressus) within the Late Pleistocene (MIS 3–5d). Finally the bones of other Pleistocene megamammals were washed from two former cave entrances at elevations of about 455 m a.s.l. up to 30 meters deep into lower elevation cave parts, during the Last Glacial Maximum (Post-U. deningeri times or Postglacial), -historically believed to be the result of the “great deluge”. The young “river terrace dolomite gravels” which occur as relic sediments at elevations of about 455 a.s.l in several caves around Muggendorf cannot be explained by natural erosion/river terrace stratigraphy, and must relate to an uncertain glacial context. Finally Iron Age (La Tène) humans left secondary burials (human skulls and long bones with pottery and after-life food animal donations) only in the first deep vertical shaft (Aufzugsschacht) similar to the situation in the nearby Esper’s Cave.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; stratigraphy ; Holotype skulls ; bone taphonomy ; excavation history of the Zoolithen Cave ; new theory about Esper's "great deluge"
    Language: English
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  • 57
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    Ice-Rafted Erratics and Bergmounds from Pleistocene Outburst Floods, Rattlesnake Mountain, Washington, USA (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Exotic ice-rafted debris from the breakup of ice-dammed glacial lakes Missoula and Columbia is common in slackwater areas along the 1,100-km route for outburst floods in the northwestern US. A detailed analysis was performed at Rattlesnake Mountain, which lay beyond the limit of the former ice sheet, where an exceptionally high concentration of ice-rafted debris exists midway along the floods’ path. Here floodwaters temporarily rose to 380 m elevation (forming short-lived Lake Lewis) behind the first substantial hydraulic constriction for the outburst floods near Wallula Gap. Within the 60 km2 study area more than 2,100 erratic isolates and clusters, as well as bergmounds were recorded. Three quarters of erratic boulders are of an exotic granitic composition, which stand in stark contrast to dark Columbia River basalt, the sole bedrock in the region. Other exotics include Proterozoic quartzite and argillite as well as gneiss, diorite, schist and gabbro, all once in direct contact with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet to the north. Most ice-rafted debris is concentrated between 200 and 300 m elevation. Far fewer erratics and bergmounds lie above 300 m elevation because of the preponderance of less-than-maximum floods. Plus, larger deep-rooted icebergs were forced to ground farther away from the ancient shorelines of transient Lake Lewis. As floodwaters moved across the uneven surface of Rattlesnake Mountain, many erratic-bearing icebergs congregated into pre-existing gullies that trend crosswise to flood flow.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; ice-rafted debris ; erratic ; bergmound ; Missoula floods ; Wallula Gap ; Lake Lewis ; glacial Lake Missoula ; Wisconsin Glaciation ; Columbia River basalt
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    Structure and Composition of the Plate-Boundary Slip Zone for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 342 (6163). pp. 1208-1211.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: The mechanics of great subduction earthquakes are influenced by the frictional properties, structure, and composition of the plate-boundary fault. We present observations of the structure and composition of the shallow source fault of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami from boreholes drilled by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 and 343T. Logging-while-drilling and core-sample observations show a single major plate-boundary fault accommodated the large slip of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake rupture, as well as nearly all the cumulative interplate motion at the drill site. The localization of deformation onto a limited thickness (less than 5 meters) of pelagic clay is the defining characteristic of the shallow earthquake fault, suggesting that the pelagic clay may be a regionally important control on tsunamigenic earthquakes.
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    Low Coseismic Shear Stress on the Tohoku-Oki Megathrust Determined from Laboratory Experiments (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 342 (6163). pp. 1211-1214.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Large coseismic slip was thought to be unlikely to occur on the shallow portions of plate-boundary thrusts, but the 11 March 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake [moment magnitude (Mw) = 9.0] produced huge displacements of ~50 meters near the Japan Trench with a resultant devastating tsunami. To investigate the mechanisms of the very large fault movements, we conducted high-velocity (1.3 meters per second) friction experiments on samples retrieved from the plate-boundary thrust associated with the earthquake. The results show a small stress drop with very low peak and steady-state shear stress. The very low shear stress can be attributed to the abundance of weak clay (smectite) and thermal pressurization effects, which can facilitate fault slip. This behavior provides an explanation for the huge shallow slip that occurred during the earthquake.
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    Evidence for Microbial Carbon and Sulfur Cycling in Deeply Buried Ridge Flank Basalt (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 339 (6125). pp. 1305-1308.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: Sediment-covered basalt on the flanks of mid-ocean ridges constitutes most of Earth’s oceanic crust, but the composition and metabolic function of its microbial ecosystem are largely unknown. By drilling into 3.5-million-year-old subseafloor basalt, we demonstrated the presence of methane- and sulfur-cycling microbes on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Depth horizons with functional genes indicative of methane-cycling and sulfate-reducing microorganisms are enriched in solid-phase sulfur and total organic carbon, host d13C- and d34S-isotopic values with a biological imprint, and show clear signs of microbial activity when incubated in the laboratory. Downcore changes in carbon and sulfur cycling show discrete geochemical intervals with chemoautotrophic d13C signatures locally attenuated by heterotrophic metabolism.
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    Improvement and sensitivity snalysis of thermal thin-ice thickness retrievals (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    In:  IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 51 (6). pp. 3306-3318.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-29
    Description: Considering the sea ice decline in the Arctic during the last decades, polynyas are of high research interest since these features are core areas of new ice formation. The determination of ice formation requires accurate retrieval of polynya area and thin-ice thickness (TIT) distribution within the polynya. We use an established energy balance model to derive TITs with MODIS ice surface temperatures (Ts) and NCEP/DOE Reanalysis II in the Laptev Sea for two winter seasons. Improvements of the algorithm mainly concern the implementation of an iterative approach to calculate the atmospheric flux components taking the atmospheric stratification into account. Furthermore, a sensitivity study is performed to analyze the errors of the ice thickness. The results are the following: 1) 2-m air temperatures (Ta) and Ts have the highest impact on the retrieved ice thickness; 2) an overestimation of Ta yields smaller ice thickness errors as an underestimation of Ta; 3) NCEP Ta shows often a warm bias; and 4) the mean absolute error for ice thicknesses up to 20 cm is ±4.7 cm. Based on these results, we conclude that, despite the shortcomings of the NCEP data (coarse spatial resolution and no polynyas), this data set is appropriate in combination with MODIS Ts for the retrieval of TITs up to 20 cm in the Laptev Sea region. The TIT algorithm can be applied to other polynya regions and to past and future time periods. Our TIT product is a valuable data set for verification of other model and remote sensing ice thickness data.
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    Stress State in the Largest Displacement Area of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 339 (6120). pp. 687-690.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The 2011 moment magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake produced a maximum coseismic slip of more than 50 meters near the Japan trench, which could result in a completely reduced stress state in the region. We tested this hypothesis by determining the in situ stress state of the frontal prism from boreholes drilled by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program approximately 1 year after the earthquake and by inferring the pre-earthquake stress state. On the basis of the horizontal stress orientations and magnitudes estimated from borehole breakouts and the increase in coseismic displacement during propagation of the rupture to the trench axis, in situ horizontal stress decreased during the earthquake. The stress change suggests an active slip of the frontal plate interface, which is consistent with coseismic fault weakening and a nearly total stress drop.
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    Low Coseismic Friction on the Tohoku-Oki Fault Determined from Temperature Measurements (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 342 (6163). pp. 1214-1217.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: The frictional resistance on a fault during slip controls earthquake dynamics. Friction dissipates heat during an earthquake; therefore, the fault temperature after an earthquake provides insight into the level of friction. The Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 and 343T) installed a borehole temperature observatory 16 months after the March 2011 moment magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake across the fault where slip was ~50 meters near the trench. After 9 months of operation, the complete sensor string was recovered. A 0.31°C temperature anomaly at the plate boundary fault corresponds to 27 megajoules per square meter of dissipated energy during the earthquake. The resulting apparent friction coefficient of 0.08 is considerably smaller than static values for most rocks.
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    Export of Algal Biomass from the Melting Arctic Sea Ice (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 339 (6126). pp. 1430-1432.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: In the Arctic, under-ice primary production is limited to summer months and is restricted not only by ice thickness and snow cover but also by the stratification of the water column, which constrains nutrient supply for algal growth. Research Vessel Polarstern visited the ice-covered eastern-central basins between 82° to 89°N and 30° to 130°E in summer 2012, when Arctic sea ice declined to a record minimum. During this cruise, we observed a widespread deposition of ice algal biomass of on average 9 grams of carbon per square meter to the deep-sea floor of the central Arctic basins. Data from this cruise will contribute to assessing the effect of current climate change on Arctic productivity, biodiversity, and ecological function.
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    Last Interglacial paleosols with Argic horizons in Upper Austria and Central Russia (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The paleosols of the Last Interglacial are presented in many loess sequences of the European temperate zone by soils with Argic horizon, that are considered to be the pedological response to the bioclimatic conditions of that period. We studied micromorphological, physical/chemical (bulk chemical composition, texture and dithionite-extractable iron) and mineralogical characteristics of two profiles – an Eemian Luvisol in Upper Austria (Oberlaab) and a Mikulino Albeluvisol in Central Russia (Alexandrov Quarry near Kursk) to compare them with recent analogous soils and to make further paleoecological and chronological inferences. Both profiles showed a set of characteristics indicative for weathering of primary minerals, clay transformation illuviation and surface redoximorphic (stagnic) processes. Paleosols demonstrate more advanced development than the Holocene analogues manifested however in different pedogenetic characteristics. The Eemian Luvisol in Upper Austria is characterized by stronger clay illuviation manifested in higher clay content and abundance of illuvial clay pedofeatures in the Bt horizon. Mikulino Albeluvisol in Central Russia is more strongly affected by eluvial and stagnic processes evidenced by deeper and more intensive accumulation of bleached silty material and clay depletion. We suppose that the properties of parent material are responsible for these differences. Russian Albeluvisol is formed on the Dnepr loess poor in weatherable minerals and having limited capacity for buffering acidity and clay formation. The higher development status of the Last Interglacial paleosols compared to the Holocene soils having however same type pedogenesis implies longer soil formation period, that agree with some of the paleobotanical proxies and could include besides MIS 5e part of MIS 5d; the warmer and moister paleoclimate during MIS 5e could also account for more advanced paleosol development Several phases of clay illuviation interrupted by frost structuring and deformation are detected in the Eemian Bt horizon in Upper Austria. It suppose even longer development that could extend to the Early Würmian interstadials (late substages of MIS5).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; paleosol ; paleoclimate ; last interglacial ; Argic horizon
    Language: English
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    Paleopedological record along the loess-paleosol sequence in Oberlaab, Austria (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A detailed study of a loess-paleosol sequence in Oberlaab, Upper Austria, is presented with emphasis on macro- and micromorphological features, grain size distribution, rock magnetism properties, and weathering degree that allows correlation with other loess-paleosol sequences in neighboring areas, and interpretation of main pedogenic trends. The studied sequence comprises four paleosol complexes, which likely developed during four interglacial stages MIS 11, 9, 7 and 5e, and a modern soil. The oldest paleosol complex (OL5) represents three phases of soil formation, and distinct sedimentary events never reported in the area, with strong reductomorphic properties. The OL4 profile also results from three phases of pedogenesis with increased reductomorphic features in the deepest zone (affected by cryoturbation events). OL3 has abundant features related to gleyic/stagnic processes, but shows signs of clay illuviation. OL2 (Eemian soil) correlates with the MIS 5e. This paleosol shows higher degrees of clay illuviation and weathering, and fewer features related to reductomorphic processes. The modern soil is also polygenetic and constitutes a pedocomplex. Its lowermost part is formed by Würmian glacial deposits, where no well-developed soils are found; only reworked materials and pedosediments. Main pedogenic trends in the sequence are clearly differentiated. All of the paleosols were formed in humid environments, but differing in drainage conditions. The base, with OL5 and OL4 paleosols, was more affected by gleyic processes, while in the upper paleosols, especially OL2, clay illuviation is dominant. We interpret such differences to be caused by the topographic position. The basal paleosols were more affected by fluvioglacial processes due to their position on top of the terrace. The upper paleosols received increased amounts of sediment through fluvial, colluvial and aeolian (loess) input.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; loess ; paleosol ; pedogenesis ; middle pleistocene ; Oberlaab
    Language: English
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    Paudorf locus typicus (Lower Austria) revisited (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The more than 12 m thick loess-paleosol sequence in Paudorf, Lower Austria, has been known for decades as locus typicus of the “Paudorfer Bodenbildung” (Paudorf paleosol). The upper section of the outcrop contains an up to 1 m thick pedocomplex that developed during MIS 5. The differentiated sequence of loess-like sediment below, including a more than 2 m thick pedocomplex in its basal part, is an exceptional archive of landscape evolution from the Middle Pleistocene. Herein we present detailed paleopedological and sedimentological surveys, as well as first micromorphological observations to address the sequence in its entirety and the processes leading to its genesis. Furthermore, high resolution color and carbonate analyses, as well as detailed texture analyses, have resulted in a substantial database. The studies show that the loess sediments were subject to a polygenetic development under periglacial conditions reflected in eolian silt and fine sand accumulation, admixture of local material during (mostly solifluidal) redeposition and in situ processes. Horizons with signs of pedogenesis, particularly the two pedocomplexes, document longer phases of stability; the stages of development can be correlated to equivalent sequences and seen as paleoclimatic signals where chronological data are available. The upper pedocomplex is a Chernozem of the early last glacial (MIS 5c–[a?]), which developed in a solifluidal redeposited (MIS 5d) interglacial Cambisol (MIS 5e). Cryosols, typical for MIS 6 sequences, are present in the loess sediment below. The lower pedocomplex formed during several warm stages of varying intensities, with interruptions caused by colluvial processes and admixture of eolian sediment during colder stages.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; micromorphology ; loess ; lower austria ; paudorf ; middle pleistocene ; paleopedology ; landscape formation
    Language: English
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    Magnetic excursions recorded in the Middle to Upper Pleistocene loess/palaeosol sequence Wels-Aschet (Austria). (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die paläomagnetische Bearbeitung der Mittel- bis Oberpleistozänen Löss-/Paläoboden-Sequenz im Areal der ehemaligen Ziegelei Würzburger in Aschet bei Wels vor. Fünf intensiv entwickelte Paläoböden, bzw. Pedokomplexe wechseln mit dazwischen geschalteten Lößlehmlagen ab. Im Rahmen einer Aufbaggerung konnte ein Profil mit einer Mächtigkeit von über 12 m erschlossen werden. Für die magnetostratigraphischen Laboruntersuchungen im Paläomagnetiklabor der Montanuniversität Leoben wurden insgesamt 587 orientierte Proben entnommen, so dass eine beinahe lückenlose Beprobung vorliegt. Die Proben wurden mit magnetischen Wechselfeldern sowie thermisch abmagnetisiert. Zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Trägerminerale in den Sedimenten wurden Curiepunkt-Bestimmungen durchgeführt, die eine Hauptträgerphase mit einem Curie-Punkt bei ca. 580°C (Magnetit), sowie untergeordnete Anteile von Hämatit mit 670°C Curie-Punkt ergaben. Die magnetischen Parameter zeigen eine Folge von Bereichen mit intensiver Magnetitbildung in den Paläoböden, die dem relativ wärmeren Klima von Interglazialen zugeordnet werden können. Die Mehrzahl der Proben zeigen charakteristische Remanenzrichtungen im Bereich des normalen pleistozänen Erdmagnetfeldes. In einigen Profilabschnitten traten stark abweichende Remanenzrichtungen auf, die auf Exkursionen des Erdmagnetfeldes hinweisen. Die beobachteten Exkursionen im Profil Wels-Aschet werden aufgrund paläopedologischer-pedostratigraphischer Ergebnisse in das Zeitintervall von 570 ka (Emperor - Big Lost - Calabrian Ridge) bis 110 ka (Blake) gestellt. Die Brunhes/Matuyama-Grenze (776 ka) wurde nicht erreicht.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; loess ; pléistocène ; chronostratigraphy ; palaeosol ; upper austria ; magnetic excursion ; rock magnetic properties
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    A stratigraphic concept for Middle Pleistocene Quaternary sequences in Upper Austria (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Auf den mittelpleistozänen fluvioglazialen Terrassen der Traun-Enns-Platte in der Region um Wels (Oberösterreich) wurden drei Löss-/Paläobodensequenzen untersucht. Jedes dieser Profile ist für mittelpleistozäne Abfolgen im nordöstlichen Alpenvorland charakteristisch. Die Profile umfassen mächtige Pedokomplexe, welche eine Differenzierung und Einstufung von interglazialen Paläoböden erlauben. Die Löss-/Paläobodensequenz von Oberlaab ist auf der fluvioglazialen Terrasse des Mindel-Glazials im klassischen Sinne entwickelt (Jüngere Deckenschotter) und weist vier interglaziale Paläoböden auf. Diese Tatsache macht eine Einstufung der Jüngeren Deckenschotter mindestens in die fünftletzte Kaltzeit wahrscheinlich (MIS 12). Die Deckschichten auf den Günz-Deckenschottern im klassischen Sinn (Ältere Deckenschotter) beinhalten fünf Paläoböden. Beide Lokalitäten weisen eine sehr intensive Pedogenese in ihrem basalen Pedokomplex auf, die wesentlich ausgeprägter ist, als in den überlagernden Paläoböden. Die pedostratigraphischen Ergebnisse lassen eine Einstufung der Älteren Deckenschotter mindestens ins MIS 16 zu.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; loess ; quaternary stratigraphy ; Wels-Aschet ; Oberlaab ; landscape formation ; palaeosol
    Language: English
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    Grain size and mineralogical indicators of weathering in the Oberlaab loess-paleosol sequence, Upper Austria (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Grain size analyses, bulk and clay mineralogical data were used to characterize weathering within the loess-paleosol-sequence of Oberlaab in Upper Austria. Soil horizons can be clearly identified by the calculation of weathering index Kd from granulometric parameters. The mineralogical composition of the bulk samples shows increasing weathering intensity from the top to the bottom. The weakest weathering stage 1 is not present in Oberlaab, because all samples are free of carbonate minerals. Weathering stage 2 can be found in the upper part of the profile, whereas stage 3 is mainly present in the lowermost horizons. The highest weathering stages 4 and 5 are not present in Oberlaab. The clay mineral distribution in the profile is dominated by the disappearance of primary chlorite in the upper part of the profile and the neoformation of vermiculites from illite by pedogenesis in the lower part. Two different types of mixed layer minerals were found in the pedocomplexes. An illite/chlorite mixed layer mineral occurs following the disappearance of chlorite and is present in the Eemian luvisol. The second mixed layer mineral consists of illite/vermiculite and is present in the whole profile. The weathering stages obtained from the clay mineral composition are slightly lower than that of bulk mineralogy, but reach as well stage 3 in the lower part of the profile.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; paleosols ; clay minerals ; vermiculite ; secondary chlorite ; weathering index Kd
    Language: English
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    Zur Landschafts- und Gewässergeschichte der Müritz: Umweltgeschichtlich orientierte Bohrungen 2004-2006 zur Rekonstruktion der nacheiszeitlichen Entwicklung (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Mit 113,5 km2 Wasserfläche und einem Einzugsgebiet von 1230 km2 ist die Müritz (62 m HN) der zweitgrösste See des nordmitteleuropäischen Tieflandes (Knapp et al. 1999). Sie war in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten bereits mehrfach das Ziel paläohydrologischer und landschaftsgenetischer Untersuchungen,
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; VAG 000 ; UB 000 ; Geomorphologie {Geologie} ; Hydrosphäre der Festlandgewässer {Hydrologie} ; Müritz ; Geologie ; Hydrologie ; Gewässer ; eiszeit
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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    Halle-Exkursion 2010 des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg e.V. (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Herbstexkursion der Sammlergruppe führte 21 Mitglieder und Freunde des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg vom 30. September bis 3. Oktober 2010 in die Geologie von Halle/Saale und Umgebung. Im Stadtgebiet selbst besichtigten wir neben den Baudenkmälern vor allem Zeugnisse der Salzsiedekunst, das Geiseltalmuseum sowie Aufschlüsse rhyolithischer Gesteine des halleschen Vulkanitkomplexes (HVK). Exkursionsziele in der nördlichen Umgebung waren Zeugnisse des historischen und aktuellen Bergbaus auf Steinkohle, Kupferschiefer und Hartgestein.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Exkursion ; Halle
    Language: German
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    Findling Trissow (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der große Findling von Trissow wird mittels petrographischer Untersuchungen und Vergleichen als granatführender Cordieritgneis aus der Sörmlandmulde bestimmt und beschrieben. Weitere Funde des Gesteins in der Umgebung im Zusammenhang mit typischem Stockholmgranit weisen für die Region ein mögliches gehäuftes Auftreten der Geschiebegemeinschaft aus der Sörmlandregion südlich Stockholms hin.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Findling ; Trissow
    Language: German
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    Der Neubrandenburger Maler Manfred Asmuss und das geologische Naturerbe (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die besondere Naturraumausstattung Mecklenburgs wird seit Jahrhunderten bis in die Gegenwart von zahlreichen Malern in Bildern dargestellt. Zu ihnen gehört auch Manfred Asmuss, Mitglied des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg e.V.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Manfred Asmuss ; Malerei
    Language: German
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    Klassifikation und Aufbau ausgewählter Vorkommen glazilimnischer Sedimente nördlich der Pommerschen Eisrandlage im brandenburgischen Abschnitt der Erdgasfernleitung OPAL (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ostsee-Pipeline-Anbindungsleitung (OPAL) verläuft über 470 km von Lubmin bei Greifswald bis nach Olbernhau an der deutsch-tschechischen Grenze (vgl. Höhlschen 2011). 270 km der Leitung durchziehen von Nord nach Süd das östliche Brandenburg (Abb. 1). Die Pipeline mit einem Durchmesser von 1,40 m wurde im brandenburger Abschnitt zwischen April 2010 und April 2011 verlegt. Im Zuge des Leitungsbaus wurde ein nahezu kontinuierlicher Aufschluss von 2,5 bis 3,5 m Tiefe geschaffen, der einmalige Einblicke in die oberflächennah anstehenden Ablagerungen bot. Ein erster, zusammenfassender Überblick der Ergebnisse wurde für Brandenburg von Juschus et al. 2011 gegeben, für den nördlich angrenzenden Abschnitt Vorpommerns von Börner et al. 2011.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Sedimentologie ; OPAL
    Language: German
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    „Strukturelle Evolution“ der Staatlichen Geologie in Neubrandenburg – „Öffnung“ und „Schließung“ aus Verwaltungs-tektonischer Sicht (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Rede des Leiters des Geologischen Dienstes von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Prof. Dr. habil. Ralf-Otto Niedermeyer, im Rahmen des Abschluss-Kolloquiums am 24. November 2009 anlässlich der Schließung der Außenstelle (Geologisches Regionalarchiv) Neubrandenburg des Landesamtes für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie (LUNG) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV) zum Jahresende 2009.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Rede
    Language: German
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    Steine am Stolper Turm (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der Turm zu Stolpe stellt das bedeutendste mittelalterliche Steinbauwerk des 12 Jh. in der nördlichen Uckermark dar. Es wurden zu seinem Bau neben dem Backstein sowohl vor Ort auffindbare Findlinge (skandinavische Geschiebe) als auch importierte und behauene Blöcke des quarzitisch gebundenen Sandsteins von Höör/Schweden verwendet. Offensichtlich als Ersatzmaßnahmen für den Höör-Sandstein im Außenbereich wurden vermutlich örtlich vorhandene, karbonatisch gebundene, tertiäre Sandsteine verbaut.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Mittelalter ; Stolper Turm ; Stolpe ; Uckermark ; Sandstein
    Language: German
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    Wenn ein großer Eisbrocken schmilzt (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Förderung von Kindern und Jugendlichen nimmt in der Arbeit des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg einen besonderen Platz ein. Vereinsmitglieder besuchen Schulen und ergänzen den Unterricht mit Vorträgen oder Seminaren, bieten Führungen und Ausflüge in die Umgebung oder unterstützen die Lehrer bei der Ausrichtung von Projekttagen, z.B. zum Thema Eiszeit und Glaziale Serie.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; eiszeit ; Bildung
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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    Einsatz von GPS-Loggern zur Erfassung und Analyse der Besucherströme in Großschutzgebieten (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In welcher Weise ist die GPS gestützte Protokollierung von Wegerouten der Touristen in Nationalparks sinnvoll und möglich? Wie können erhobene Daten kartographisch ausgewertet und aussagekräftig dargestellt werden? Und wie werden die Touristen am effizientesten für eine Teilnahme akquiriert?
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; QF 000 ; Angewandte Geographie ; GPS Logger ; Schutzgebietsmanagement ; Tourismus ; Nationalpark, Kartographie
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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    Zur Landschafts- und Gewässergeschichte der Müritz: Umweltgeschichtlich orientierte Bohrungen 2004–2006 zur Rekonstruktion der nacheiszeitlichen Entwicklung (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Mit 113,5 km2 Wasserfläche und einem Einzugsgebiet von 1230 km2 ist die Müritz (62 m HN) der zweitgrösste See des nordmitteleuropäischen Tieflandes (Knapp et al. 1999). Sie war in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten bereits mehrfach das Ziel paläohydrologischer und landschaftsgenetischer Untersuchungen, die sich bislang jedoch auf das terrestrische und telmatische Umfeld beschränkten. Durch Kaiser (1998) und Kaiser et al. (2002) wurde der bisherige Wissensstand detailliert zusammengefasst. Die hier vorgestellten Seebohrungen hatten das Ziel, die Landschafts- und Gewässerentwicklung anhand von Seesedimenten gut aufgelöst zu rekonstruieren und offene Fragen zu Wasserstandsschwankungen zu klären. Die Untersuchung der Seesedimente bot zudem die Chance einer über ein grosses Einzugsgebiet integrierenden Rekonstruktion der Vegetationsgeschichte sowie der erstmaligen Bearbeitung der Sedimentations- und Trophieentwicklung der Müritz seit dem Spätglazial.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; V 000 ; UB 000 ; Geologische Wissenschaften ; Hydrosphäre der Festlandgewässer {Hydrologie} ; geologie ; hydrologie ; müritz ; gewässer ; sedimente ; eiszeit ; bodengenese ; nationalpark
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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    Die Blekinge-Region – Gesteine im Anstehenden und als Geschiebe (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Eine Exkursion führte Mitglieder des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg e.V. in die Region Blekinge in Südschweden. Sie bildet durch ihre zahlreichen anstehenden Granite und Gneise ein wesentliches Liefergebiet für die Geschiebe im östlichen Mecklenburg und Vorpommern. Gesteine aus der Region Blekinge werden als Geschiebe in der Umgebung von Neubrandenburg angetroffen und beschrieben.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Schweden ; Geschiebe ; Exkursion ; Blekinge
    Language: German
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    Zur periglaziären Bildung und Überformung rinnenartiger Strukturen im Jungmoränengebiet Süd-Holsteins (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der weichselkaltzeitliche Binnensander-Bereich Bargfeld-Stegen (Schleswig-Holstein) nördlich von Hamburg ist durch intensive periglaziäre Überprägung charakterisiert. Hierbei treten rinnenartige Hohlformen (Rinnen), von bis zu 26 m Breite und 3,5 m Tiefe in den Vordergrund. Häufige Gemeinsamkeiten dieser Rinnen sind ein flach-konvexes Rinnenprofil, flache Basisflächen bzw. ein Einschneiden der Rinne bis zu einer Grenzfläche (ehem. Permafrostfläche), eine bindige Füllung mit aufgearbeitetem oder umgelagerten Till, ein diapir-artiges Aufdringen von Teilen der Rinnenfüllung im oberen Bereich und im Randbereich, Unterschneidungen und andere fluviatile Kennzeichen an den Rinnenflanken sowie homogen mit Sand gefüllte Sekundär-Rinnen im zentralen oberen Teil der Strukturen. Sie sind bevorzugt an Hängen im Winkel zur Haupt-Eisvorstossrichtung sowie im Randbereich der vorhandenen Deck-Till-Verbreitung vorhanden. Es kommen verschiedene Entstehungsmöglichkeiten in Betracht. Die Strukturen dürften maßgeblich während der jüngeren Weichsel-Kaltzeit unter Frostbodenklima durch die Wirkung periglaziär-fluviatiler Prozesse (Abluation) in Verbindung mit Solifluktionsprozessen, gebildet worden sein.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; solifluction ; periglacial ; periglacial channels ; abluation ; Weichselian periglacial
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 83
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    Holzreste von spätglazialen Kiefern aus der tiefgründigen und tonreichen Permanentrutschung ‚Spiegelberg’, Kanton Schwyz (Schweiz) (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Hauptstrasse Nr. 8 zwischen Schwyz und Sattel verläuft durch aktive und tiefgründige Permanentrutschungen. Im lehmigen, matrix-gestützten Gehängeschutt der Rutschung ‚Spiegelberg’ wurde zwischen 1979–81 die Gütschbrücke erstellt (LK: 690.314/211.943; 670 m ü.M.) und unter Anwendung von Gründungsschutzschächten im unterlagernden Fels fundiert. Beim Aushub des Schutzschachtes für den Pfeiler WL-Nord wurden in der Tiefe von 25 m bzw. 38 m unter Oberkante Terrain zwei Nadelbaumfragmente gefunden. Letzterer Holzfund lag wenige Meter über der Felsoberfläche. Die 14C-Altersdatierung der Holzfunde (beide Pinus sylvestris) ergaben kalibrierte Altersspannen zwischen 11.690–11.270 cal. a BP (2s) am Übergang vom Grönland Stadial 1 (GS-1; ‚Jüngere Dryas’) zum Holozän bzw. 13.830–13.640 cal. a BP (2s) zu Beginn der spätglazialen Wärmeschwankung GI-1c (Grönland Interstadial 1c; ‚Allerød’). Die vorliegenden Daten zeigen, dass die Hanginstabilitäten bei ‚Spiegelberg’ nach dem Zerfall des letzteiszeitlichen Muota/Reussgletschers zu Beginn des Spätglazials eingesetzt haben mussten, und die Waldkiefer schon kurz nach den Kälterückschlägen des GI-1d (‚Aegelsee-Schwankung’) bzw. des GS-1 am nördlichen Alpenrand präsent war.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; vegetation history ; late glacial ; C-14 dating ; H8 Schwyz–Sattel ; Steinen ; Engelstock ; subalpine molasse ; landslide area
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 84
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    Rhine loess at Schwalbenberg II — MIS 4 and 3 (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Die Lokalität Schwalbenberg bei Remagen am Mittelrhein erschließt ein sehr vollständiges Profil durch den letztglazialen Löss mit drei Großgliedern. Gut gegliedert sind der Löss der Keldach-Formation (Früh-Weichsel/Würm-Hochglazial, MIS 4) mit einem Interstadial-Boden und der Löss der Ahrgau-Formation (Mittelweichsel/-Würm-Interstadial-Komplex, MIS 3) mit acht Interstadial-Böden. Den Abschluss nach oben bildet weniger gut gliederbarer Löss des Jung-Weichsel/Würm-Hochglazials. Zu bereits veröffentlichten organischen Kohlenstoff (Corg)- und Phosphor-Kurven einer ersten Profilaufnahme, Schwalbenberg I, präsentiert dieser Text Daten des Profils Schwalbenberg II: AMS 14C-Datierungen, Korngrößen, Corg- und Karbonatgehalt. Die Korngrößen spiegeln die Dreigliederung wider mit Grobsilt-ärmerem Keldach-Löss, schwankendem Siltgehalt im Ahrgau-Löss und Grobsilt-reicherem Jungwürmlöss. Auch im Karbonatgehalt spiegelt sie sich mit Karbonat-ärmerem Keldach-Löss, schwankenden Gehalten im Ahrgau-Löss und Karbonat-reicherem Jungwürmlöss. Die neun interstadialen Böden erweisen sich durch Corg-Gipfel und Karbonat-Minima vereinigt mit pedogener Zonierung bodenintern von oben nach unten als autochthone Böden. Alle Nassböden zeigen Karbonatmaxima. Der Vergleich der Corg-Kurve mit der der δ18O-Kurve des jahrring-zonierten grönländischen Eiskerns GISP 2 zeigt für die Ahrgau-Formation – wie früher schon die Kurven vom Schwalbenberg I – erneut nach Kurvenrhythmik und Magnitude hohe Gleichläufigkeit des Klimaverlaufes zu den Grönland-Interstadialen 17 bis 5. Nummerische Daten vom Schwalbenberg II unterstützen das weitgehend. Zur Frage, ob die Grenze Mittel-/Oberwürm (MIS 3/MIS 2) nach dem obersten braunen Boden (Sinzig 3-Boden) oder wenig höher mit der Hesbaye-Diskordanz zu ziehen ist, sprechen die meisten lithologischen und die chronologischen Kriterien für die Grenzziehung an der Hesbaye-Diskordanz. Ansonsten ist der Schwalbenberg unter den gut vergleichbaren Lössprofilen im westlichen Europa bisher das am detailliertesten gegliederte MIS 3-Profil. Reicher gegliedert sind nur Lössprofile des kontinentaler geprägten Raumes in der nordöstlichen Karpatenregion und in Sibirien.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; carbonate ; grain size ; loess stratigraphy ; TOC
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 85
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    Nachweis des Europäischen Waldelefanten Elephas antiquus (Falconer & Cautley, 1847) bei Neubrandenburg in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (NE-Deutschland) - Fundbericht (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Funde von pleistozänen Großsäugern sind in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (NE-Deutschland) wegen der starken Dominanz glazigener Sedimente mit ungünstigem Erhaltungspotential vergleichsweise selten (Benecke 2002, Meng et al. 2010). Trotzdem gelang erst kürzlich mit dem Fund eines Backenzahnfragmentes bei Neubrandenburg für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern der erste sichere Nachweis des Europäischen Waldelefanten Elephas antiquus Falconer & Cautley, 1847 (Meng 2011).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 560 ; 554.3 ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Fossilien ; Neubrandenburg ; Waldelefant ; Elphas antiquus
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 86
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    Sediment imprint of the severe 2002 summer flood in the Lehnmühle reservoir, eastern Erzgebirge (Germany) (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Anhand von 18 Kurzkernen aus der Talsperre Lehnmühle (Inbetriebnahme 1932) im Osterzgebirge (Deutschland) wurden mittels mikrofaziellen und hochauflösenden μ-XRF Scanning Verfahren Auswirkungen des extremen Augusthochwassers 2002 auf den Sedimenteintrag untersucht. Fast über den gesamten Talsperrenboden hinweg wurde eine für die gesamte Sedimentsequenz einmalig markante detritische Lage detektiert, welche eine Mächtigkeit von 5 mm an der Staumauer bis 33 mm nahe dem Zufluss misst. Die eingetragene Sedimentmenge dieser Lage wird auf ca. 2.400 Tonnen geschätzt, wovon etwa zwei Drittel im südlich-zentralen Teil des Beckens (ca. 32 % der Gesamtfläche) abgelagert wurden, begründet durch die Beckenmorphologie und die Lage zum Zufluss. Feine Silt- und Tonpartikel wurden dagegen vornehmlich weiter in Richtung Staumauer transportiert, forciert durch eine ständige Wasserströmung durch das Staubecken. Eine erhöhte Akkumulation von detritischem Material in einer seitlichen Bucht zeigt, dass Sedimente nicht nur durch den Hauptzufluss eingetragen wurden, sondern ebenfalls durch Oberflächenabfluss in nicht ständig wasserführenden Rinnen um die Talsperre herum. Neben der markanten Lage des Jahres 2002, wurden 22 weitere, mikroskopisch dünne detritische Lagen in den Sedimentkernen nachgewiesen, die meisten im Profundalbereich nahe der Staumauer. Eine Chronologie der detritischen Lagen wurde an drei 137Cs datierten Kernsequenzen erstellt und durch detaillierte Korrelation mittels vier lithologischer Marker auf die übrigen Kerne übertragen. Der Vergleich mit instrumentellen Abflussdaten des Hauptzuflusses zeigt, dass während der letzten drei Jahrzehnte 64 % von insgesamt 22 Hochwasserereignissen mit einem Tagesabfluss 〉 8 m3s-1 in die Ablagerung von detritischem Material resultierten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; lake sediments ; flood events ; detrital layers ; microfacies analysis ; eastern Erzgebirge ; water supply reservoir
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 87
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    Vorwort / Foreword (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Die 35. Hauptversammlung der Deutschen Quartärvereinigung DEUQUA fand in der Zeit vom 13.–17. September mit mehr als 180 Teilnehmern aus 16 Ländern in Greifswald statt.
    Description: editorial
    Keywords: 551.7 ; DEUQUA ; conference
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 88
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    Effects of deglacial sedimentation pulse, followed by incision: A case study from a catchment in the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria). (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Im Einzugsgebiet des ‘Giessenbaches’ (Nördliche Kalkalpen, NKA) lagerte sich eine mächtige Sedimentabfolge während bis wenig nach dem Zerfall des hochglazialen Eispanzers ab. Das Einzugsgebiet liegt auf gestörten, geklüfteten triassischen Dolomitgesteinen. Die quartäre Abfolge besteht aus, (a) aufgearbeitetem Till mit Leitgeschieben des Letzten Glazialen Maximums (LGM), (b) alluvialen Kiesen, die vom Dolomitgesteins-Untergrund gespeist wurden, (c) Decklagen von Flusssedimenten auf Terrassen, und (d) grossen Schutthalden. Die ehemalige (Vor-LGM) obere Hälfte des Giessenbach-Laufs ist noch heute ein trockenes, erhöhtes Tal das wesentlich durch spätglaziale bis holozäne Sedimente verfüllt ist. Der heutige Giessenbach zeigt ein konvexes Längsprofil mit einer Klamm im Unterlauf; diese Klamm war wahrscheinlich teilweise durch Toteis versperrt während die Sedimentation der Eiszerfallsphase bereits eingesetzt hatte. Außer glazial überformten Felsflächen und ehemaligen Nunatakkern ist die heutige Morphologie des Einzugsgebiets im wesentlichen bestimmt durch (a) einen ‚Schub‘ sehr rascher Sedimentation vom Eiszerfall bis ins ?frühe Spätglazial, gefolgt von (b) Hangstabilisierung durch Bewachsung, und Einschneiden von Gerinnen. Die rasche Sedimentation wurde durch den Untergrund aus tektonisch verformtem Dolomitgestein gefördert, das unter reichlicher Schuttbildung abwittert. Ähnliche Verläufe von rapider Sedimentation vom Eiszerfall bis zum Spätglazial hin zu einem längeren Zeitabschnitt vorwiegend mit Einschneiden von Gerinnen sind in den NKA weit verbreitet.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late glacial ; erosion ; sedimentation ; alps ; Eastern Alps ; deglacial ; paraglacial
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 89
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    From the northern ice shield to the Alpine glaciations (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The route of the field trip described in this excursion guide follows a section through Germany from North to South, from the area of the Northern glaciation, to the Alpine glacial advances. It includes several places of historical importance, where milestones in Quaternary research have been achieved in the past, as well as new interesting sites where results of recent research is presented.
    Description: excursionguide
    Keywords: 551 ; V 000 ; VCA 520 ; Geologische Wissenschaften ; Quartärgeologie ; coastal evolution; Rügen ; Geopark Mecklenburg Ice Age Landscape ; tourism ; quaternary ; Halle ; Main ; sedimentology ; landslide ; natural hazards ; danube ; rhine ; pleistocene ; holocene ; geology
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
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  • 90
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    Zur Struktur von Eskern in Schleswig-Holstein, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des „Esker-Kames-Systems Forst Steinburg“ in morphologischer Hochlage (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Die unterschiedlichen Esker-Formen Schleswig-Holsteins wurden für das Geotop-Kataster des Landes mittels Literatur- und Feldarbeiten neu bearbeitet: Esker i.e.S., Aufpressungs-Esker mit Kern aus Geschiebemergel oder Beckensedimenten, Perlenschnur-Esker, Till-bedeckte Esker, sich kreuzend überlagernde Esker, verwachsen- und getrennt-parallele Esker-Rücken sowie Esker mit und ohne begleitende Rinnenbildungen. Esker sind häufig räumlich vergesellschaftet bzw. genetisch verflochten mit Drumlins oder drumlinoiden Formen, angrenzenden Aufpressungsstrukturen aus Till, Eisrandlagen, Kames-Bildungen oder Toteis-Bereichen. Im Detail wird ein „Esker-Kames-System“ dargestellt, welches dem Scheitelbereich einer großen Eisrandlage mit örtlich +85 m NHN Höhe aufgesetzt ist. Die morphologisch als Kiessand-Rücken erkennbare Gesamtstruktur sattelt einem aufgewölbten, sandig-kiesigen Bereich auf. Die Struktur kann in drei Teile untergliedert werden: (A) einen flacheren, deutlich durch parallele Einzelstrukturen gegliederten westlichen Bereich (Esker), (B) einen zentralen, hohen Kiessand-Rücken (Esker oder Spaltenfüllung) sowie (C) kuppenförmige Bereiche am Südostende der Struktur (Kames). Die Esker-Struktur (A) zeigt neben einem zentralen, großen Kiessand-Rücken mit 70 m Breite, einer Höhe von ca. 8–10 m und einer Länge von ca. 220 m (mit Till bedeckter-Esker) zwei parallele kleinere Esker-Rücken, die südlich des großen verlaufen. Die Genese der Esker-Kames-Struktur in Randlagen-Top-Position wird diskutiert.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; kames ; weichselian ; esker ; Os ; Crevasse Filling
    Language: German
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  • 91
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    The Late Weichselian to Holocene succession of the Niedersee (Rügen, Baltic Sea) – new results based on multi-proxy studies (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Eine klassische weichselspätglaziale Lokalität ist die kleine Toteishohlform des Niedersees, welche direkt an der südöstlichen Küste der Halbinsel Jasmund (Rügen, Ostsee) aufgeschlossen ist. Neue Studien wurden durchgeführt, bei denen sich die sedimentäre Abfolge des Niedersees als ein hervorragendes Archiv für paläoökologische/-klimatische Rekonstruktionen erwies, wodurch detaillierte Aussagen zur regionalen Vegetationsgeschichte sowie zum regionalen Klima und Milieu während des Weichselspätglazials und auch teilweise für das Holozäns möglich sind. Mit Hilfe der Pollenstratigraphie, AMS 14C-Datierungen und dem Nachweis der Laacher See Tephra konnte die sedimentäre Abfolge in die bestehende Quartärstratigraphie eingehängt werden; als Besonderheit ist hier das quasi gesamte Weichselspätglazial vollständig aufgeschlossen. Die Sedimentation beginnt schon im ausgehenden Weichselhochglazial und dauert zunächst bis zum Präboreal an (~15.000–~10.000 Jahre v. H.) und ist vor allem durch Ablagerungen eines kleinen, flachen Sees charakterisiert. Änderungen im Wasserhaushalt führten letztendlich während des Präboreals zu einem Hiatus. Eine letztmalige Vernässung des Standorts führte im Atlantikum zur Entwicklung eines kalkigen Niedermoors. Die sich ergänzenden Analysen der verschiedenen und vielfältigen Organismenreste des Niedersees (z. B. Pollen, Ostracoden, Mollusken, Makroreste von Pflanzen etc.), erlaubten in sehr detaillierter Weise Änderungen im Klima und deren Auswirkungen auf das Habitat zu erfassen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; climate ; weichselian late glacial ; Northern Germany ; pollen ; multi-proxy studies ; rügen
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    Potential Analysis for Further Nature Conservation in Azerbaijan: A Spatial and Political Investment Strategy (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Financed by the MAVA Foundation (Switzerland), the Michael Succow Foundation (MSF), in cooperation with various experts from Azerbaijan, conducted a detailed gap analysis of potential future protected areas in Azerbaijan. This report presents the results of this project and constitutes a part of the strategy of the MSF: to provide sound background information on the biological value and its further potential for protection in Azerbaijan. From the very beginning of the foundation’s engagement in Azerbaijan nine years ago, the sciencebased protection of landscapes and species has been the main focus of our work in the country.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 333.7 ; QA 000 ; Geographie ; nature conservation ; Azerbaijan ; succow ; biodiversity ; ecology ; geology ; environmental policy ; coast ; mountain
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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  • 93
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    Stratigraphy of Late Quaternary fluvial terraces at the confluence of the Lech and Danube valleys (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Gegenstand dieser Studie ist die würm-spätglaziale und holozäne Talentwicklung am Zusammenfluss von Lech und Donau im Nördlichen Alpenvorland. Die morphologischen Formen im Untersuchungsgebiet wurden mit Hilfe von Geländekartierungen und digitalen Geländemodellen aufgenommen. Die Ablagerungen beider Flüsse wurden in zahlreichen Aufschlüssen untersucht und deren Alter mit Radiokarbon- sowie Lumineszenzdatierungen bestimmt. Daneben wurden auch archäologische Daten und historische Karten genutzt, um die Altersstellung der einzelnen Terrassen einzugrenzen. Im Untersuchungsgebiet bildet eine spätglaziale Niederterrasse die älteste Flussterrasse innerhalb des Talbodens, die allerdings nur im Donautal unterhalb der Lechmündung erhalten ist. In beiden Tälern sind präboreale bis boreale Terrassenflächen nur kleinräumig verbreitet, während ein Sockelschotter gleichen Alters weiträumig unter jüngeren Ablagerungen anzutreffen ist. Atlantische Flussbettablagerungen sind im Untersuchungsgebiet nicht zu finden. Dagegen dominieren subboreale und subatlantische Terrassen das Lechmündungsgebiet. Die heutigen Flussläufe von Lech und Donau werden von bis zu sechs subatlantischen Terrassen begleitet. Deren Verbreitung und morphologisches Erscheinungsbild verweist im Donautal oberhalb der Lechmündung auf einen mäandrierenden Flusslauf, die der jüngsten Lechterrasse auf ein verzweigtes Gerinnebettmuster. Unterhalb der Lechmündung treten dagegen Übergangsformen beider Flussgrundrisstypen auf.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; lech ; holocene ; danube ; alpine foreland ; fluvial deposits ; lateglacial ; valley development
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    Zwei markante Stauchmoränen: Peski/Belorussland und Jasmund, Ostseeinsel Rügen/Nordostdeutschland - Gemeinsame Merkmale und Unterschiede (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Strukturen, Architektur und Genese der Stauchmoräne Peski/ Belorussland werden beschrieben und mit der Stauchmoräne Jasmund/Rügen verglichen. In beiden Stauchmoränen sind Oberkreide- und Pleistozänfolgen, bei Peski zusätzlich tertiäre Sande, glazigen gefaltet und verschuppt worden. Die Falten und Schuppen gleichen sich in beiden Stauchzonen in den Formen und Ausmaßen weitgehend. In ihrer Architektur unterscheiden sich beide Großstrukturen jedoch prinzipiell voneinander: Bei Peski ist eine bogenförmige Stauchzone an der Stirn eines ausgedehnten Eislobus entstanden; auf Jasmund ist der Eisstrom, der der Ostseesenke gefolgt war, durch ein höher liegendes Areal zweigeteilt worden und hat dieses samt den ersten Stauchwällen zunächst umflossen. Hier ist die Stauchung von den Flanken zweier Eiszungen ausgegangen. Der Interpretation als einer spitzwinkligen Kerbstauchung wird die Vorstellung einer in der Anlage schlingenförmig gerafften Stauchung gegenübergestellt, die später vom Eis überprägt worden ist. Die Lagebeziehungen beider Stauchmoränen zu den Bruchstrukturen im präquartären Untergrund der Region und zu deren neotektonischen Mobilität werden diskutiert. Die glazigene Stauchung bei Peski wird dem Sosch-(Warthe-)eis zugeschrieben, die auf Jasmund der Weichselvereisung. Beide Stauchungen sind nach dem Höhepunkt einer Vereisung, nach der maximalen Eisausbreitung, erfolgt. Diese rückläufigen Kälteperioden boten besonders günstige Voraussetzungen für Einwirkungen des Inlandeises auf den Untergrund.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; pleistocene ; pléistocène ; push moraine ; ne germany ; structural elements ; formation ; Belorussia
    Language: German
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  • 95
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    Middle Weichselian interstadial deposit at Petäjäselkä, Northern Finland (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In Petäjäselka (Nord-Finnland) wurde ein geschichtetes Sedimentpaket mit einer zwischengeschalteten Organiklage nachgewiesen, welches in Till der Grundmoräne eingebettet war. Die Grundmoräne hatte eine Mächtigkeit von 3 m und wurde von einem Moor überlagert. Durch Rammkernbohrungen war dann eine 1–15 cm mächtige Organiklage nachweisbar, die in Tiefen von 5.5–6.0 m jeweils in Sanden eingebettet war. Der organische Horizont ist durch eine Pinus-Betula-Gemeinschaft und ein absolutes Alter von 35,300 ± 600 BP (14C) gekennzeichnet. Die unterlagernden Sande wurden an zwei Lokalitäten per OSL auf Alter von 72.6 ± 21.3 ka und 58.1 ± 17.0 ka datiert. Für den überlagernden Sand wurde per OSL an einer der Lokalitäten ein Alter von 31.8 ± 5.6 ka bestimmt. Den Datierungsergebnissen zufolge repräsentieren die in den Till eingebetten Sande mit dem Organikhorizont ein Interstadial des Mittel-Weichsel. Desweiteren lässt sich daraus für Nord-Finnland eine eisfreie Phase während des Mittel-Weichsels im Zentrum des Skandinavischen Eisschildes ableiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; quaternary ; interstadial ; glacial stratigraphy ; finland ; Middle Weichselian
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    Editoral - Glaciations and periglacial features in Central Europe (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; INQUA ; Congress
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    Casting new light on the chronology of the loess/paleosol sequences in Lower Austria (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über neu datierte Abschnitte in bekannten Löss/Paläoboden-Sequenzen Niederösterreichs. Die Ergebnisse der Datierungen im Profil Joching deuten darauf hin, dass es im letzten Hochglazial zur Lösssedimentation kam. Die meisten erfassten Alter sind jedoch älter als das letzte Hochglazial, was auf Erosionsprozesse hindeutet, die zur Abtragung der jüngeren Lösse geführt hat. In dem Abschnitt zwischen ~28 ka and ~35 ka wurden überwiegend Tundragleye gebildet. Eine intensivere interstadiale Bodenbildung ist nicht nachzuweisen. Dieses Ergebnis kann auch für die stratigraphische Einstufung von ‚Stillfried B‘ (sensu Fink) von Bedeutung sein. Der folgende chronologische Abschnitt liegt zwischen ~35 ka and ~57 ka in Lösssedimenten mit eingeschalteten Tundragleyen. Auch dieser Abschnitt ist durch Umlagerungsprozesse charakterisiert. Im Zeitraum von ~57 ka bis ~106 ka befindet sich eine markante Zeitlücke, die vermutlich auf langandauernde und intensive Erosionsprozesse im Untersuchungsgebiet zurückzuführen ist. Die älteste Datierung in den Sedimenten des letzten Glazials mit 106 ± 12 ka befindet sich in Paudorf direkt über dem ‚Stillfried A‘- Komplex (Paudorfer Bodenbildung). Direkt unter diesem Pedokomplex, bzw. vergleichbaren Pedokomplexen treten in Lössablagerungen Alter von 124 ± 2 5 ka (Göttweig-Aigen), 159 ± 20 ka (Paudorf 1), and 170 ± 16 ka (Joching) auf. Darüber hinausgehende Alter konnten in Stratzing, Paudorf 2, Göttweig-Furth und Langenlois nachgewiesen werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; loess ; lower austria ; langenlois ; paudorf ; göttweig ; luminescence dating ; Joching ; Stratzing
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    Geoarchaeological evidence of Holocene human impact and soil erosion on a till plain in Vorpommern (Kühlenhagen, NE-Germany) (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Geoarchäologische Untersuchungen im Bereich eines glazigenen Solls verweisen auf den holozänen menschlichen Einfluss auf einer Grundmoränenplatte in Vorpommern in prähistorischer und historischer Zeit sowie dessen geomorphologische Rückkopplung. Die basale sedimentäre Füllung der untersuchten Depression besteht aus Torf, Mudde und Verlandungstorf und spiegelt früh- bis mittelholozäne hydrologische Schwankungen wider. Die obere Sequenz von wechselnden Kolluvien und organogenen Schichten deutet auf einen variierenden menschlichen Einfluss im Laufe der Zeit hin. Absolute AMS 14C-Datierungen von begrabenen Torfen und Mineralbodenhorizonten mit zum Teil erhöhten Anteilen organischer Substanz, abgesichert durch palynologische und archäologische Daten, belegen zwischenzeitliche Phasen von Oberflächenstabilität. Hingegen reflektieren die kolluvialen Sande Phasen erhöhter prähistorischer und historischer Besiedlung und Landnutzung. Die Sande können zum einen relativ durch die organogenen Schichten datiert und zum anderen zu den benachbarten archäologischen Funden in Beziehung gebracht werden. Erhöhte Erosionsprozesse werden demnach in das späte Neolithikum, den Übergang späte Bronzezeit zur frühen Eisenzeit, das Mittelalter und letztendlich in die Moderne gestellt. Die Akkumulation des jüngsten Kolluviums führt im Randbereich des Solls zur völligen Verfüllung bis an die rezente Oberfläche.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; vorpommern ; holocene ; soil erosion ; human impact ; till plain ; kettle-hole
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    Quaternary Stratigraphy of Southern Bavaria (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Eine Übersicht der aktuellen stratigraphischen Bezeichnungen für die quartäre Schichtenfolge Südbayerns wird gegeben, wie sie am Geologischen Dienst des Bayerischen Landesamts für Umwelt in Verwendung ist. Unterschiedliche stratigraphische Gliederungsansätze für kontinentale Quartärablagerungen werden vorgestellt und die klimatostratigraphische Einteilung sowie die Terrassenstratigraphie als in Bayern meistverwendete Varianten näher ausgeführt. Die Beschreibung der zugehörigen, bisher informellen Einheiten bezweckt eine Dokumentation des jeweiligen Stands der Verwendung und kann womöglich formelle Definitionen vorbereiten. Die klimatostratigraphischen Einheiten sollen den gesamten Zeitraum des Quartärs lückenlos abdecken und vertreten derzeit Überregionale, formelle Stufenbezeichnungen. In Bayern wird weiterhin die klassische Gliederung nach Penck & Brückner (1901–1909) mit ihren Erweiterungen verwendet. Neue Erkenntnisse über eine stärkere Gliederung des Eiszeitalters durch untergeordnete Kalt- und Warmphasen werden in dieses System integriert. Für diese Gliederung des Quartärs in Südbayern ausschlaggebend sind zum Einen die Terrassentreppen, deren zeitliche Interpretation eine Grundlage der sogenannten Morphostratigraphie bildet. Die zweite Grundlage bilden Endmoränengirlanden, die mit den davon ausgehenden Terrassen glazial-glazifluviale Sequenzen (‚Glaziale Serien’) bilden. Neben der ausführlichen Dokumentation der Terrassen-Einheiten, werden deshalb auch verschiedene Endmoränen-Gliederungen vorgestellt. Weitere Nomenklaturen, die auf anderen Kriterien beruhen oder zu anderen chronologischen Einstufungen gelangen, sind für Bayern oder in den angrenzenden Ländern in Gebrauch. Auch die beschriebenen stratigraphischen Gliederungen werden nicht von allen Bearbeitern in gleicher Weise verwendet. Die Dokumentation der derzeitigen Verwendung soll eine Abstimmung dieser Nomenklaturen im Interesse der Nutzer fördern.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; germany ; alpine foreland ; quaternary stratigraphy ; terrace stratigraphy ; climate stratigraphy ; moraine stratigraphy ; Southern Bavaria
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    An Outline of the Quaternary Stratigraphy of Austria (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Es wird ein Überblick über die in Österreich verwendete Quartär-Stratigraphie gegeben. Die stratigraphische Gliederung der kartierbaren Sedimenteinheiten basiert teilweise auf Kriterien der Lithostratigraphie (lithologischer Eigenschaften) und jenen der Allostratigraphie (z.B. Diskonitinuitäten). Für das Altpleistozän (2.58–0.78 Ma) fehlen bis jetzt Spuren einer Vergletscherung. Die wenigen und isolierten Sedimentvorkommen belegen fluviatile Akkumulation und Lössablagerung in der Umgebung der Flüsse. Paläomagnetisch korrelierte Löss-Paläoboden – Sequenzen wie das Profil Stranzendorf mit der Gauss/Matuyama – Grenze bzw. Neogen/Quartär – Grenze dokumentieren in Übereinstimmung mit den globalen δ18O Werten etwas wärmere Bedingungen als im Mittelpleistozän (0.78–0.13 Ma). Vier Großvergletscherungen (Günz, Mindel, Riß und Würm) sind für Mittelpleistozän und Jungpleistozän belegt. Diese sind mit Sedimenten aus der Vorstoßphase überlagert von Grundmoräne, Endmoränen im Alpenvorland und damit verknüpfte Terrassenschüttungen sowie Lössakkumulation dokumentiert. Daraus ist die klimagesteuerte Sedimentation im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorstoß der Gletscher, der Ausbreitung des Permafrostes und der Frostschuttbildung bis ins Vorland erkennbar. Die jüngsten Großvergletscherungen Riß und Würm werden aufgrund geochronologischer Daten mit den Marinen Isotopenstufen (MIS) 6 und 2 korreliert. Für Günz und Mindel scheint eine Gleichzeitigkeit mit den Phasen massiver globaler Klimaverschlechterung während MIS 16 und MIS 12 plausibel. Dokumente für die schwächeren Glaziale wurden bisher nur in Lössprofilen (z.B. Krems Schießstätte) gefunden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; glaciation ; glacial deposits ; stratigraphy ; quaternary ; alps ; middle pleistocene ; early pleistocene ; late pleistocene ; landscape evolution
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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