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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF INVASIVE SPECIES (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 32 (2001), S. 305-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Contributions from the field of population biology hold promise for understanding and managing invasiveness; invasive species also offer excellent opportunities to study basic processes in population biology. Life history studies and demographic models may be valuable for examining the introduction of invasive species and identifying life history stages where management will be most effective. Evolutionary processes may be key features in determining whether invasive species establish and spread. Studies of genetic diversity and evolutionary changes should be useful for understanding the potential for colonization and establishment, geographic patterns of invasion and range expansion, lag times, and the potential for evolutionary responses to novel environments, including management practices. The consequences of biological invasions permit study of basic evolutionary processes, as invaders often evolve rapidly in response to novel abiotic and biotic conditions, and native species evolve in response to the invasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114037
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic structure of the stonefly, Yoraperla brevis, populations: the extent of gene flow among adjacent montane streams (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Freshwater biology 41 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Gene flow in populations of stream insects is expected to depend on the distance between and the connectedness of sites in stream networks, and on dispersal ability (i.e. larval drift and adult flight).2. Yoraperla brevis (Banks) is an abundant and characteristic stonefly of smaller streams in the northern Rocky Mountains. The present authors analysed genetic structure at 27 sites in sevenz streams flowing into the Bitterroot River in western Montana, USA. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis identified five variable loci with 16 alleles.3. Genotype frequencies conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Within-stream differentiation was low and among-stream variation (Fst) was an order of magnitude higher.4. UPGMA grouped sites within streams and also grouped adjacent streams. The tree produced by the Neighbour Joining Method was similar although not quite so clear cut.5. This orderly pattern (i.e. Hardy–Weinberg proportions, homogeneity within streams and geographical structure) contrasts strongly with patterns observed in invertebrates from subtropical streams in Australia. Yoraperla brevis maintains large populations in predictable environments, has a long life-cycle with a likelihood of cohort mixing, emerges synchronously in large breeding populations and occupies streams separated by areas of high relief; the Australian situation is the opposite in most respects.6. Further analysis of a range of species is required to determine whether the different genetic structure in Y. brevis compared to the Australian species occurs more generally in North American stream insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00385.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological Genetics and the Restoration of Plant Communities: Mix or Match? (1999)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We present a conceptual framework for choosing native plant material to be used in restoration projects on the basis of ecological genetics. We evaluate both the likelihood of rapid establishment of plants and the probability of long-term persistence of restored or later successional communities. In addition, we consider the possible harmful effects of restoration projects on nearby ecosystems and their native resident populations. Two attributes of the site to be restored play an important role in determining which genetic source will be most appropriate: (1) degree of disturbance and (2) size of the disturbance. Local plants or plants from environments that “match” the habitat to be restored are best suited to restore sites where degree of disturbance has been low. Hybrids or “mixtures” of genotypes from different sources may provide the best strategy for restoring highly disturbed sites to which local plants are not adapted. Cultivars that have been modified by intentional or inadvertent selection have serious drawbacks. Nevertheless, cultivars may be appropriate when the goal is rapid recovery of small sites that are highly disturbed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.07105.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA reveals high dispersal synchronizing the population dynamics of Canada lynx (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 520-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Population dynamics of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) have been of interest to ecologists for nearly sixty years. Two competing hypotheses concerning lynx population dynamics and large-scale spatial synchrony are currently debated. The first suggests that dispersal is substantial among lynx ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415520a
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein polymorphism and the rate of loss of duplicate gene expression (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 272 (1978), S. 76-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many groups of organisms have undergone extensive gene duplication. The existence of polypioids is well known in the plant kingdom, but it is only recently that the importance of polyploidy in vertebrate evolution has been recognised11"14. Ohno has proposed that at least five families of fish have ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/272076a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental stability and enzyme heterozygosity in rainbow trout (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 301 (1983), S. 71-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Lerner6 has argued that more heterozygous individuals should be characterized by increased developmental stability. Evidence supporting this hypothesis, however, has been indirect. Morphological variation is often greater both within and between crosses from inbred strains than between crosses of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/301071a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Null alleles at two lactate dehydrogenase loci in rainbow trout are associated with decreased developmental stability (1993)
    Springer
    Genetica 89 (1993), S. 3-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: bilateral asymmetry ; null allele ; gene duplication ; polyploidy ; salmonid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have shown that allozymic heterozygotes have increased developmental stability, as measured by reduced fluctuating bilateral asymmetry. In this paper, we examine the phenotypic effects of null alleles at two lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) loci. If the association between allozymic heterozygosity and developmental stability is due largely to linked chromosomal segments, then we would expect null allele heterozygotes to have increased developmental stability. In contrast, heterozygotes for LDH null alleles in three populations have reduced developmental stability. This suggests that the reduction in enzyme activity at these loci is having a deleterious effect on development that is strong enough to mask any beneficial effects that may be associated with heterozygosity for these chromosomal segments. The LDH loci examined in this study are members of two different paralogous pairs of duplicate genes produced by the polyploidization of the ancestral salmonid genome. The apparent deleterious effects of these null alleles in heterozygotes could retard the possible loss of duplicate gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02424501
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absence of developmental incompatibility in hybrids between rainbow trout and two subspecies of cutthroat trout (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 557-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: interspecific hybrids ; fish ; development ; gene regulation ; rainbow trout ; cutthroat trout
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the developmental rate of hybrids between rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and two subspecies of cutthroat trout: westslope cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki lewisi) and Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki bouvieri). These taxa show considerable genetic divergence at 42 structural loci encoding enzymes; the mean Nei's d between the rainbow trout and the two species of cutthroat trout is 0.22. We used four measures of developmental rate: time of hatching and yolk resorption, rate of increase in activity of four enzymes, and time of initial detection of seven isozyme loci. The two cutthroat trout subspecies reached hatching and yolk resorption earlier than rainbow trout. Cutthroat trout had higher relative enzyme activities than rainbow trout from deposition of eye pigment to hatching. There was no difference in the rate of increase in enzyme activity or time of initial expression of these loci between these species. Hybrids showed developmental rates intermediate or similar to that of the parental species using all measures. Our results indicate an absence of regulatory and developmental incompatibility between these taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504290
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental rate and viability of rainbow trout with a null allele at a lactate dehydrogenase locus (1988)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 26 (1988), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: enzyme polymorphism ; developmental rate ; salmonid fishes ; viability ; natural selection ; gene duplication ; null alleles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We show that a previously described isozyme polymorphism in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri) is the result of an enzymatically inactive (i.e., null) allele(n). Ldh3 null homozygotes(n/n) and heterozygotes(100/n) have reductions of about 20 and 12% in total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity at hatching, respectively. As juveniles,(100/n) fish have reductions in LDH activity of 15, 37, and 21% in brain, heart, and white muscle, respectively. Embryos with differntLdh3 phenotypes from 11 families do not differ significantly in either survival or hatching time. However, a second measure of developmental rate, the amount of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) activity in 33-day-old embryos, suggests that(100/n) embryos develop more slowly than(100/100) embryos. In three of four families examined,(100/n) embryos have significantly lower amounts of total MDH activity (8–10%). In one of these,(100/n) embryos also have significantly lower total PGM activity (15%). These data suggest that the reduction in total LDH activity is associated with small but detectable delays in developmental rate but nondetectable differences in survival to hatching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555498
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic differences in initial expression of paternal alleles at an isocitrate dehydrogenase locus in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 5 (1984), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: temporal-regualatory variation ; isocitrate dehydrogenase ; rainbow trout ; Salmo gairdneri ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We examined a temporal series of embryos from 14 full-sib families of rainbow trout with starch gel electrophoresis to determine the time of initial detection of enzyme produced by ldh-3. Maternal enzyme was detected in unfertilized eggs, whereas paternal alleles showed evidence of initial expression after gastrulation and epiboly. Two alleles, 40 and 71, were expressed synchronously several days before the 114 allele. Measurement of enzyme activity by spectrophotometric analysis and serial dilution supported these observations. The degree of delay of expression of the 114 allele between families was coupled with other estimates of developmental rate. These data suggest the existence of allelic variation at a cis-acting genetic element controlling the pattern of ontogenetic expression of structural alleles at Idh-3.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020050302
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