ALBERT

Description: LITHOS-CAPP is the German contribution to the international ScanArray experiment. ScanArray is an array of broadband seismometers with which we aim to study the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the Scandinavian Mountains and the Baltic Shield. LITHOS-CAPP contributed 20 broadband recording stations from September 2014 to October 2016, 10 in Sweden and 10 in Finland, continuously recordings at 100 samples per second. The stations were deployed by the KIT Geophysical Institute and GFZ section 2.4 (seismology). They form part of the temporary network ScanArrayCore (FDSN network code 1G 2012-2017). This data publication contains the original log-files of the recorders.

Description: SGG-UGM-1 is a static gravity field model based on EGM2008 derived gravity anomalies and GOCE Satellite Gravity Gradiometry (SGG) data and the Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) observations up to degree and order 2159. Block-diagonal normal equation system up to degree and order 2159 are formed with EGM2008 gravity anomaly data using block-diagonal least squares method. Fully occupied normal equation system up to degree and order 220 are formed by GOCE SGG data and the SST observations along the GOCE orbit based on least-squares analysis. The diagonal components (Vxx, Vyy, Vzz) of the gravitational gradient tensor are used to form the system of observation equations with the band-pass ARMA filter. The point-wise acceleration observations (ax, ay, az) along the orbit are used to form the system of observation equations up to the maximum spherical harmonic degree/order 130. SGG-UGM-1 is resolved by combination of the two normal equation systems using least squares method. It is the first generation of high-resolution gravity model in ICGEM developed by School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG), Wuhan University (WHU). More details about the determination of the model are given in our paper “The determination of an ultra high gravity field model SGG-UGM-1 by combining EGM2008 gravity anomaly and GOCE observation data” (Liang W, Xu X, Li J, et al. Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica. 2018, 47(4): 425-434. DOI:10.11947/j. AGCS.2018.20170269) and “A GOCE only gravity model GOSG01S and the validation of GOCE related satellite gravity models ” (Xu X, Zhao Y, Reubelt T, et al. Geodesy and Geodynamics. 2017, 8(4): 260-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2017.03.013). The work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41774020, 41210006 and 41404020

Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. As a new addition to this network, the iGrav-027 superconducting gravimeter had been installed at the Borowa Gora Geodetic-Geophysical Observatory which has been established in late 1930s. Continuous time-varying gravity and atmospheric pressure data from the SGs at Borowa Gora are integrated in the IGETS data base hosted by ISDC (Information System and Data Center) at GFZ. Borowa Gora Geodetic-Geophysical Observatory is located in Poland, situated 50 km north of Warsaw (longitude: 21.0359 E, latitude: 52.2755 N, height above MSL: 109 m). The operation and maintenance of the Borowa Gora instrumentation is done by staff of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography. The shortest distance to the Baltic Sea coastline is approx. 240 km. The area is located in a tectonically quiet zone. Geologically the situation is not well recognized, a significant size artificial reservoir is located within 1-2 km from the Observatory. The environment is a not significantly urbanized area with visible daily seismicity. The climate at this place has rough winters (up to -20 degrees Celsius) and hot summers (up to 35 degrees Celsius). The iGrav-027 is located in a specially prepared chamber in the basement of one of the Observatory buildings. It is separated from the compressor operating in a separate room. The location of the gravimeter ensures a relatively stable temperature of 21°C ±2°C throughout the year. The instrument is placed on a specially prepared concrete monument of 1.2 × 1.2 m horizontal and 1.5 m vertical dimensions (ca 1.3 m deep below floor level). The sensor of the instrument is located about 2 m below ground level, and the position and height of the instrument has been determined with a centimetre accuracy, before the installation. The iGrav-027 is co-located in the same building with the A10-020 absolute gravimeter. There are three well monumented pillars for absolute gravity determinations, which can be conducted along with the operating iGrav-027 (e.g. for the comparison with absolute gravimeters). In the vicinity of the observatory several further pillars were set up for various other geodetic antennas and instrumentation. Borowa Gora is a geodynamic observatory comprising space techniques and ground instruments. The iGrav-027 operation started at the end of April 2016, official start is assigned as from 1th of May 2016. Since that time the time series is carried out without interruption up to present. The time sampling of the raw gravity and barometric pressure data of IGETS Level 1 is 1 minute. Future plans include uploading 1s data sampling also. In addition, Borowa Gora is equipped with auxiliary data supporting the interpretation of the SG measurements, which is, however, not provided in the IGETS data base due to complexity. These are a local network of hydrological and meteorological sensors as well as two permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) stations BOGO and BOGI. Additionally magnetic field variations are also recorded.

Description: The dataset is composed of hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on May 10th, 2011, June 27th, 2011 and May 24th, 2012 consisting of 367 and 368 spectral bands, respective-ly, ranging from VIS to SWIR (400 - 2500 nm) wavelength regions. The hyperspectral image datasets were acquired in the framework EnMAP preparation project HyLand (Hyperspectral remote sens-ing for the assessment of crop and soil parameters in precision farming and yield estimation). With-in the project, innovative techniques were developed to derive crop and soil parameters from hy-perspectral remote sensing and terrestrial laser scanning, which served as input parameters for novel yield estimation models.

Description: Climatic change is of incredible importance in the polar regions as ice-sheets and glaciers respond strongly to change in average temperature. The analysis of seismic signals (icequakes) emitted by glaciers (i.e., cryo-seismology) is thus gaining importance as a tool for monitoring glacier activity. To understand the scaling relation between regional glacier-related seismicity and actual small-scale local glacier dynamics and to calibrate the identified classes of icequakes to locally observed waveforms, a temporary passive seismic monitoring experiment was conducted in the vicinity of the calving front of Kronebreen, one of the fastest tidewater glaciers on Svalbard (Fig. 1). By combining the local observations with recordings of the nearby GEOFON station GE.KBS, the local experiment provides an ideal link between local observations at the glacier to regional scale monitoring of NW Spitsbergen. During the 4-month operation period from May to September 2013, eight broadband seismometers and three 4-point short-period arrays were operating around the glacier front of Kronebreen.

Description: This data collection contains a multitemporal series of six airborne hyperspectral image mosaics ac-quired during the growing season of 2012 over the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The airborne hyperspectral data is complemented by accompanying in-situ data acquired parallel to the overflights. The dataset is composed of a) four airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights on April 28th 2012, May 25th 2012, June 16th 2012 and September 8th 2012 with the AVIS-3 imaging spectrometer. The AVIS data consists of 197 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (477 - 1704 nm); b) two airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights on May 8th 2012 and August 12th 2012 with a HySpex imaging spectrometer. The HySpex data consists of 332 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (417 - 2496 nm); c) spatially comprehensive land use/land cover maps generated from in-situ observations for two time-windows during the growing season of 2012 (May and August); d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) non-destructively measured leaf area index of winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, maize and rapeseed (561 meas-urements incl. standard deviations), ii) SPAD chlorophyll measurements (522 measurements incl. standard deviations), iii) 557 soil moisture measurements incl. standard deviations iv) 539 phenological observations v) 499 measurements of canopy height incl. standard deviations and vi) 38 measurements of plant density. The dataset was collected in order to cover the seasonal dynamics in the development of agricultural crops in Southern Germany.

Description: A temporary seismic array was installed in combination with a meteorological station in the Dead Sea valley, Jordan. Within the scope of the HGF virtual institute DESERVE we operated 15 temporary seismic stations between February 2014 and February 2015 together with a nearby meteorological station close to the east coast of the Dead Sea. The main aim was to acquire data to study the influence of wind on seismic records and retrieve related meteorological parameters. The study area is scarcely populated and has ideal meteorological conditions to study periodically occurring winds.

Description: Spherical harmonic coefficients representing an estimate of Earth's mean gravity field during the specified timespan derived from GRACE-FO mission measurements. These coefficients represent the full magnitude of land hydrology, ice, and solid Earth processes. Further, they represent atmospheric and oceanic processes not captured in the accompanying GAC product.

Description: For frequencies above 30 mHz the instrument intrinsic noise level of typical fluxgate magnetometers used at geomagnetic observatories usually masks ambient magnetic field variations on magnetically quiet days. Natural field variations referred to as pulsations (Pc-1, Pc-2, Pi-1) fall in this band. Usually their intensity is so small that they rarely surpass the instrumental noise of fluxgate magnetometers. INTERMAGNET has set a minimum quality standard for definitive 1 s data (Turbitt, 2014) which can actually hardly be met by fluxgate magnetometers in use by magnetic observatories. Brunke et al. (2017) propose a method to improve 1Hz observatory data by merging data from the proven and tested fluxgate magnetometers currently in use with induction coil magnetometers into a single data stream. This data publication includes the according MATLAB software package implementing the merging of both data sets. The content of the software package and the functionality of each module is described in the content.txt file that is also included in the zip folder. The resulting data are in line with the INTERMAGNET format for 1 s magnetic data, but surpasses the INTERMAGNET 1 s standard by far. The long term stability of the fluxgate data is not affected. The changes to the fluxgate data remain within the range of the instrument intrinsic noise. In addition to the Matlab software, we provide test datasets of one day length kindly provided by the magnetic observatories Niemegk, Conrad and Eskdalemuir.

Description: In May 2018 a volcano-seismic sequence accompanied the upward migration of a magmatic intrusion from Moho depth to the seafloor led to the drainage of the deep magmatic reservoir and to the birth of a submarine volcano offshore the island of Mayotte, Comoro Islands. This process of magma transport was accompanied by an intense seismic swarm and peculiar long-duration very long period signals. Between 1 January 2018 and 1 May 2019 we detected 407 sources of very long period signals and 6990 volcano-tectonic earthquakes. This report collects detection, location and source parameters catalogs for these two sets of earthquake sources. This data publication provides the catalogues of very long period (VLP) signals and volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes, as discussed in Cesca et al. (2019). Here, methods and data used to create the different catalogues are only briefly discussed; a more accurate description is given in Cesca et al. (2019), which furthermore discusses the different processes of dike migration, undersea eruption, deep reservoir drainage and overburden sagging which are responsible for the seismic activity.

Description: The Iquique Local Network (ILN), a temporal network of broadband and short period seismic stations has been operating in Northern Chile since 2009. The aim of this installation was to locally densify the permanent seismic installation of the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory in Chile (IPOC), with the main goal to decrease the magnitude of detected earthquake, to improve the hypocentral location accuracy, to allow a more accurate investigation of seismic source parameters, and to analyse proposed seismogenic structures of the Northern Chile seismic gap. The network setup evolved with time, with different geometries at different installation phases, aiming to study different seismicity features. In the first phase, started in 2009 and operational since 2010 until autumn 2013, the network had a sparse configuration, targeting a broad region extending from 19.5° S in the North to approximately 21.3° S South of Iquique. In the following stage, operational until fall 2017, most broadband stations were rearranged into a small aperture seismic array (PicArray) close to the village of Pica, to monitor with array techniques the shallow seismicity at the plate interfacer, intermediate and deep focus seismicity. These data are freely available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0) at the GEOFON data centre under network code IQ.

Description: Dataset

Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for a quartz sand used in analogue experiments at the Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Science (IGCAS) (Kratinová et al., 2006; Zavada et al., 2009; Lehmann et al., 2017; Krýza et al., 2019). It is characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesion C. According to our analysis the materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak friction coefficients µP of the tested material is ~0.75, dynamic friction coeffi-cients µD is ~0.60 and reactivation friction coefficients µR is ~0.64. Cohesions of the material range between 90 and 130 Pa. The material shows a minor rate-weakening of 〈1% per ten-fold change in shear velocity v.

Description: This dataset and code are related to artificial light emissions in the arctic area. They are a supplement to the report "Capabilities and limitations of advanced optical satellite missions for snow, vegetation, and artificial light source applications in Arctic areas".

Description: QuantumFrontiers_HLSST_SLR_COMB2019s is a series of monthly gravity field models based on high-low satellite-to-satellite (HLSST) tracking and satellite laser ranging (SLR) data up to degree and order 60. The combination of HLSST and SLR data is done on the normal equation level using Variance Component Estimation. The series spans from 2003 to 2018 and thus covers the entire period between GRACE and GRACE Follow-On. It is therefore a prime candidate to bridge the data gap between these two satellite mission considering long-wavelength features on a global scale. The model has been developed with data contributions from the Astronomical Institute, University Bern (AIUB), the Institute of Geodesy, Theoretical Geodesy and Satellite Geodesy, Graz University of Technology, the Institute for Geodesy, Leibniz University Hannover and the European Space Agency. More details on the processing can be found in "Time-Variable Gravity Signal in Greenland Revealed by High-Low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking" (Weigelt et al, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50283) Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers – 390837967.

Description: These data are supplementary material to Ziegler & Heidbach (2020) and present the results of a 3D geomechanical-numerical model of the stress state with quantified uncertainties. The average modelled stress state is provided for each of the six components of the full stress tensor. In addition, the associated standard deviation for each component is provided. The modelling approach uses a published lithological model and the used data is described in the publication Ziegler & Heidbach (2020). The reduced stress tensor is derived using the Tecplot Addon GeoStress (Stromeyer & Heidbach, 2017).The model results are provided in a comma-separated ascii file. Each line in the file represents one of the approx. 3 million finite elements that comprise the model.

Description: This dataset contains catchment average time series of five meteorological or hydrological parameters for 3872 hydrometric stations across Europe from 1960-2010. The parameters are: rainfall, soil moisture saturation, snowmelt, snow cover and convective conditions. All parameters have a daily resolution and were derived from a 0.11x0.11° reanalysis dataset. Daily averages were calculated from the pixels within each catchment, weighted by the fraction of pixel area that lies within the respective catchment. This dataset was originally created for the classification of floods by their generating process, but is also suitable for different hydrological studies.

Description: During the Egyptian 18th dynasty (c. 1550–1292 BC), cobalt ore was mined, processed and used as a colourant for glass, faience and blue-painted pottery. Co-coloured glass objects have a mid- to dark blue colour and were produced in order to imitate the semi-precious stone lapis lazuli. During this period, the glass objects were manufactured predominantly at two sites: Malqata (25°42'51.2"N 32°35'33.4"E) and Amarna (27°38'40.3"N 30°53'55.0"E). Major, minor and trace element concentration data from 38 blue glass objects from Amarna in the collection of Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection in Berlin are reported in this data publication. For comparison, glass objects from the same period and location, but of different colours (one red, two each of colourless, green and turquoise-blue glass) were analysed with the same method. These objects were originally brought to Berlin subsequent to the 1911–1914 excavations at Amarna carried out under the direction of Ludwig Borchardt on behalf of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft. Unfortunately, most of these have by now lost their specific finds location. In addition, two recent samples of cobalt ore from the region of Ain Asil, near the Dakhla oasis (25°30'59.6"N 29°09'59.8"E), were included in the analysis.

Description: The dataset presents the electron density derived using the Neural-network-based Upper hybrid Resonance Determination (NURD) algorithm (Zhelavskaya et al., 2016) from plasma wave measurements made with the Van Allen Probes Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) (Kletzing et al., 2013). The method employs feedforward neural networks to derive the upper hybrid resonance frequency from the electric field measurements, and hence electron density, in an automated fashion. The dataset contains electron density for the period from October 1, 2012 to January 14, 2018 for RBSP-A and from October 1, 2012 to July 1, 2016 for RBSP-B (RBSP = Radiation Belt Storm Probes). For convenience, the density data are organized in two ways: in terms of orbits and in terms of days. Directories ../../Orbits_organization/ and ../../Days_organization/ contain files with densities per orbit and per day, respectively. Data are provided in .txt and .cdf formats. Data in .mat format are available at ftp://ftp.gfz-potsdam.de/home/rbm/NURD/. For more information on directory organization and files description, please refer to the associated data description and Zhelaskaya et al. (2016).

Description: The dataset is composed of AisaEAGLE airborne hyperspectral imagery data acquired during the AIRMETH2016 campaign on August 27th, 2016 within the Toolik Lake Natural Research Area on the Alaskan North Slope. The Toolik Lake Research Natural Area is representative of the North Slope physiographic province of the Southern Arctic Foothills (Walker et al., 1989). Dominant vegetation types are dictated by soil moisture and geology and include moist tussock tundra, wet sedge meadows, and dry upland heaths. The dataset includes three flight lines with 130 spectral bands ranging from VIS to NIR (451.7 – 897 nm) wavelength regions. The dataset also includes Level 2A EnMAP simulated imagery using the end-to-end Simulation tool (EeteS) with 78 bands from VIS to NIR (423 – 903 mn). The overall goal of the campaign was to acquire airborne imagery over the Toolik Vegetation grid encompassing 94 permanent 1 x 1 m vegetation plots where corresponding, comprehensive multi-seasonal spectral reflectance, photosynthetic pigment, and detailed species composition data exists. The remote sensing data are highly novel and can be used for vegetation mapping of species composition, plant biomass, and photosynthetic activity.

Description: This interactive webpage contains supplementary information for the publication by Kühn et al. 2020: "Probabilistic moment tensor inversion for hydrocarbon-induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field, the Netherlands, part 1: testing". It allows for an easy comparison between the various tests of inversion parameters and velocity models described for the analysis of the 11th of March 2017 Zeerijp ML 2.1 earthquake on the event induced in the Groningen gas field (Netherlands). Inversion runs collected here comprise the parameters employed for inversion (Problem Config), the inversion results and error estimates (Parameter Results) as well as a multitude of figures.

Description: Decades of photogrammetric records at Bezymianny, one of the most active volcanoes on Earth, allow unveiling morphological changes, eruption and intrusion dynamics, erosion, lava and tephra deposition processes. This data publication releases an almost 7-decade long record, retrieved from airborne, satellite, and UAV platforms. The Kamchatkan Institute of Volcanology and Seismology released archives of high-resolution aerial images acquired in 1967-2013. We complemented the aerial datasets with 2017 Pleiades tri-stereo satellite and UAV images. The images were processed using Erdas Imagine and Photomod software. Here we publish nine quality-controlled point clouds in LAS format referenced to the WGS84 (UTM zone 57N). By comparing the point clouds we were able to describe topographic changes and calculate volumetric differences, details of which were further analyzed in Shevchenko et al. (2020, https://doi.org/...). The ~5-decade-long photogrammetric record was achieved by 8 aerial and 1 satellite-UAV datasets. The 8 sets of near nadir aerial photographs acquired in 1967, 1968, 1976, 1977, 1982, 1994, 2006, and 2013 were taken with various photogrammetry cameras dedicated for topographic analysis, specifically the AFA 41-10 camera (1967, 1968, 1976, and 1977; focal length = 99.086 mm), the TAFA 10 camera (1982 and 1994; focal length = 99.120 mm), and the AFA TE-140 camera (2006 and 2013; focal length = 139.536 mm). These analog cameras have all an 18×18 cm frame size. The acquisition flight altitude above the mean surface of Bezymianny varied from 1,500-2,500 m above mean surface elevation, translating up to 〉5,000 m above sea level. For photogrammetric processing, we used 3-4 consecutive shots that provided a 60-70% forward overlap. The analog photo negatives were digitized by scanning with Epson Perfection V750 Pro scanner in a resolution of 2,400 pixels/inch (approx. pixel (px) size = 0.01 mm). The mean scale within a single photograph depends on the distance to the surface and corresponds on average to 1:10,000-1:20,000. Thus, each px in the scanned image represents about 10-20 cm resolution on the ground. The coordinates of 12 ground control points were derived from a Theo 010B theodolite dataset collected at geodetic benchmarks during a 1977 fieldwork. These benchmarks were established on the slopes of Bezymianny before the 1977 aerial survey and then captured with the AFA 41-10 aerial camera. The most recent was a satellite dataset acquired on 2017-09-09 by the PHR 1B sensor aboard the Pleiades satellite (AIRBUS Defence & Space) operated by the French space agency (CNES). The forward, nadir and backward camera configuration allows revisiting any point on earth and was tasked for the acquisition of Bezymianny to provide a 0.5 m resolution panchromatic imagery dataset. In order to improve the Pleiades data, we complemented them with UAV data collected on 2017-07-29 with DJI Mavic Pro during fieldwork at Bezymianny. This data publication includes a description of the data (in pdf format) and the nine processed and controlled three-dimensional point clouds (in LAS format). The point clouds can be easily interpolated and imported into most open and commercially available geographic information system (GIS) software. Further details on data and data handling are provided in Shevchenko et al. (2020).

Description: The Central Rift in Kenya (CRK) comprises the lakes Naivasha, Elementaita and Nakuru and the Longonot, Eburru and Menengai volcanos. The alkaline magmas, produced by the volcanoes within the CRK, lead to solid rocks likes trachytes, phonolites, and fewer basalts and accompanied soft rocks like ashes, tuffs, pumices and ignimbrites (e.g. Macdonald et al., 1987; Macdonald, 2014). Lacustrine sediments and beds of diatoms are remnants of former lake level variations caused by climate variability and topographic changes (e.g. Stoof-Leichsenring et al., 2011). The samples have been taken within the frame of a VW-Foundation funded project that tries to detect, map and monitor groundwater pollution from anthropogenic and natural sources. For a previous VW-Foundation funded project (grant 85465), also the groundwater fluoride enrichment in the CRK have been studied (Olaka et al., 2016).

Description: This data set includes digital image correlation data from thirteen analogue earthquakes generated by means of an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach. The data consists of grids of 3D static coseismic surface displacements. The data have been derived using a stereo camera setup and processed with LaVision Davis 8 software. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and results regarding the control of geodetic coverage on the slip inversion problem can be found in Kosari et al. (in review) to which this data set is supplementary material. We use an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach (Rosenau et al., 2017) to generate a catalogue of analogue megathrust earthquakes (Table 1). The presented experimental setup is modified from the 3D setup used in Rosenau et al. (2019). To monitor surface deformation of the wedge analogue model a stereoscopic set of two CCD cameras (LaVision Imager pro X 11MPx, 14 bit) monitors images the wedge surface continuously at 2.5 Hz. To derive observational data similar to those from geodetic techniques, i.e. velocities at the location on the surface, we use digital image correlation (DIC, Adam et al., 2005) to derive the 3D incremental surface displacement (or velocity) at high spatial resolution (〈 0.1 mm). The time series of incremental surface displacement data was calculated using LaVision Davis 8 software. The result is an evenly spaced grid of vectors per time step, oriented parallel with respect to the principal dimensions of the box.

Description: GRACE/GRACE-FO Level-3 product based on GFZ RL06 Level-2B products (Dahle & Murböck, 2019) representing Ocean Bottom Pressure (OBP) variations provided at 1° latitude-longitude grids as defined over ocean areas. The OBP grids are provided in NetCDF format divided into yearly batches. The files each contain seven different variables: 1) 'barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure 2) 'std_barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure uncertainties 3) 'resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation pressure resobp 4) 'std_resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation pressure uncertainties 5) 'leakage': apparent gravity-based bottom pressure due to continental leakage 6) 'model_ocean': background-model ocean circulation pressure 7) 'model_atmosphere': background-model atmospheric surface pressure These Level-3 products are visualized at GFZ's web portal GravIS (http://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de). Link to data products: ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/GFZ/Level-3/OBP

Description: Strokkur_1yr is a one year seismological experiment realized at the most active geyser on Iceland by Eva Eibl (University of Potsdam) in collaboration with Thomas R. Walter, Phillippe Jousset, Torsten Dahm, Masoud Allahbakhshi, Daniel Müller from GFZ Potsdam and Gylfi P. Hersir from ISOR Iceland. The geyser is part of the Haukadalur geothermal area in south Iceland, which contains numerous geothermal anomalies, hot springs, and basins (Walter et al., 2018). Strokkur is a pool geyser and has a silica sinter edifice with a water basin on top, which is about 12 m in diameter with a central tube of more than 20 m depth. The aim of the seismic experiment is to monitor eruptions of Strokkur geyser from June 2017 to June 2018 using four broadband seismic stations (Nanometrics Trillium Compact Posthole 20 s). Sensors were buried 30–40 cm deep in the ground at distances of 38.8 m (G4, SE), 47.3 m (G3, SW), 42.5 m (G2, N), and 95.5 m (G1, NE) from Strokkur center. Data gaps represent 15–44 % of the records as during the winter period maintenance intervals were longer and battery drainage was high. However, at any given time, at least one station recorded the eruptions. From this dataset, converted to MSEED using Pyrocko, a catalogue of 70,000 eruptions was determined and further investigated in Eibl et al. (2020). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7L.

Description: The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1900-2006 has been compiled by GFZ Potsdam in the frame of an independant project and represents a temporal and spatial excerpt of "The European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue" (EMEC) for the last millennium (Grünthal & Wahlström, 2012) with a few modifications, which are described in Grünthal et al. (2013). It was compiled under the coordination of INGV, Milan. It builds on the data contained in AHEAD (Archive of Historical Earthquake Data) and with the methodology developed in the frame of the I3, EC project "Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology" (NERIES), module NA4. The catalogue (SHEEC) 1000-1899 and the Greek part of 1900-2006 have been partially supported by the EC 7th framework programme project SHARE. Background Information The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1900-2006 is basically an excerpt of the European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC) by Grünthal & Wahlström (2012), the latter covering also historical time in a larger area. Minor differences between SHEEC and EMEC in this time period are described by Grünthal et al. (2013). In both catalogues., the magnitudes threshold is Mw = 3.5 for earthquake locations at latitudes ≥ 44° N and Mw = 4.0 at latitudes 〈 44° N. The parameters of the catalogue have been determined by: - special algorithms to select one out of several possible focal parameter solutions - location, time, depth (optional), Mw magnitude, and intensity - if given by different sources - transformation equations to calculate Mw, if not original, from other magnitude types according to a strict hierarchy - routines to eliminate fake and other non-tectonic events, and to avoid duplicates

Description: RHUM-RHUM is a seismic experiment to study the deep structure of the Reunion plume. La Reunion is one of the most promising locations for a deep whole-mantle plume. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code X1 under CC-BY 4.0 license.

Description: The dataset contains hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on 8th September 2016 consisting of 242 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (423 - 2438 nm) wavelength regions. It covers an area of about 78 km² which is dominated by beech and oak forests. The flight campaign was part of several flight campaigns within the EnMAP project and focused on hyperspectral analysis of plant physiology in deciduous and coniferous forests in the Gerolstein region in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Description: We describe EnMAP-like imaging spectroscopy data files to be used for mineral mapping with the EnMAPBOX software. It is simulated EnMAP satellite data, which is based on hyperspectral flight cam-paign data with the AVIRIS-NG and HyMap sensors. In preparation of the EnMAP satellite mission, an EnMAPBOX software package provides tools for visualization and scientific analysis of the data. Among many applications, the EnMAPBOX contains geological mapping tools (EnGeoMAP). Here we apply these tools to several representative test cases (Boesche, 2015; Boesche et al., 2016; Mielke et al., 2016). The test data comprise two study sites. The first scene covers the Mountain Pass open pit mine - a carbonatite deposit in California, USA. It contains calcitic rock units and rare earth element (REE) bearing minerals of the bastnaesite group, also called fluorocarbonates (Olson et al., 1954). The REE concentrations at mountain pass are 9.2% on average, among the highest in the world (Brüning and Böhmer, 2011). The high concentration and the open pit activities make Mountain Pass an ideal test site to investigate the rare earth element distribution in the surface layer. The airborne image data were collected in 2014 by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), USA, with the AVIRIS-NG sensor and form the basis for EnMAP simulations (Segl et al., 2012; Thompson et al., 2015). The second HyMap spectral image data covers part of the Miocene Cabo de Gata-Nίjar volcanic field, in southeast Spain. It comprises a subset of (Chabrillat et al., 2016) covering the Rodalquilar and Lomilla Calderas, which host the economically relevant gold-silver, lead-zinc-silver-gold and alunite deposits. It is a hydrothermal alteration complex, representing the silicic alteration, the advanced argillic alter-ation zone, which grades into the argillic and propylitic zone (Arribas et al., 1995, 1989). The image data are part of the Cabo de Gata-Nίjar HyMap imagery which was collected during the DLR HyEurope airborne campaign 2005 in the frame of the GFZ land degradation program (Chabrillat et al., 2016, 2005). We use these datasets to simulate EnMAP-like images for classification and mapping using spectro-scopic remote sensing techniques in the EnGeoMAP tools. The EnMAP end-to-end Simulation (EeteS) tool produced simulated EnMAP like data with a spatial sampling distance of 30 x 30 m and 242 spectral bands (Guanter et al., 2015; Segl et al., 2012).

Description: The West Bohemian Massif as part of the geodynamically active European Cenozoic Rift System is characterised by ongoing magmatic processes in the intra-continental lithospheric mantle. A series of phenomena such as massive degassing of CO2 and repeated earthquake swarms make the Eger Rift a unique target area for European intra-continental geo-scientific research. The ICDP project "Drilling the Eger Rift" was funded to study the field of earthquake-fluid-rock-biosphere interaction. In the framework of this ICDP project, magnetotelluric (MT) experiments have been conducted to image the subsurface distribution of the electrical conductivity down to depths of several tens of kilometres as the electrical conductivity is particularly sensitive to the presence of high-conductive phases such as aqueous fluids, partial melts or metallic compounds. Based on recent MT experiments in 2015/2016, Munoz et al. (2018) presented 2D images of the electrical conductivity structure along a NS profile across the Eger Rift. It reveals a conductive channel at the earthquake swarm region that extend from the lower crust to the surface forming a pathway for fluids up to the region of the mofettes. A second conductive channel is present in the south of the model. Due to the given station setup along a profile, the resulting 2D inversion allows ambiguous interpretations of this feature. As 3D inversion is required to distinguish between the different interpretations, we conducted another MT field experiment at the end of 2018. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT. 201810 .1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).

Description: The dataset presented here is an earthquake catalog for the Central Sea of Marmara (Turkey) obtained by applying a matched-fliter technic to continuous waveforms. The magnitude of completeness of this catalog is Mc=1.1. We use as templates events published by national agencies (KOERI and AFAD). The matched-fliter technic is described in Bentz et al. (2020). The column of the data file are: event ID, Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, Seconds, Matlab time (serial time), Latitude (dec.degrees), Longitude (dec.degrees), Depth (km), Magnitude, Cross-correlation coefficient (CC), Template ID, MAD(ratio between CC and median absolution of daily correlogram), Quality flag The ZIP files contains configuration files for ph2dt and HypoDD applications together with input phase and seismic network data.

Description: We propose to investigate the structure and evolution of the Main Pamir Thrust (MPT) with a high-density seismological array. The MPT, with its surface expression along the east-west trending Alai Valley, marks the northern boundary of the Pamir. The Alai Valley, separating the Pamir and the Tien Shan, constitutes the last vestige of a formerly continuous basin that linked the Tarim and the Tajik Basins. The MPT manifests itself as a place of high seismic activity with frequently occurred disastrous earthquakes. The array is about 50 km long, consisted of 90 three-component geophones (stations G?? and C??) and 10 Trillium-Compact seismometers (stations T??), and equipped with 100 CUBE dataloggers. We will construct a high-resolution receiver function profile to image the MPT and accurately locate the local earthquakes associated with the MPT. Funded by BMBF, within the framework of CaTeNA project – Climatic and Tectonic Natural Hazards in Central Asia. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7A and are embargoed until Jan 2024.

Description: We study the crustal structure of Sri Lanka by analyzing data from a temporary seismic network deployed in 2016-2017 (Seneviratne et al., 2016) to shed light on the amalgamation process from the geophysical perspective. Rayleigh wave phase dispersion from ambient noise cross-correlation and receiver functions were jointly inverted using a transdimensional Bayesian approach (Bodin et al., 2012, Dreiling et al., 2019).

Description: The PUNA (Plateau Untersuchung Nw Argentinien) seismograph network was deployed across the Andes at ∼23.5°S. The array was centered in the backarc, atop the Puna high plateau in NW Argentina and was in operation for approximately 100 days between late August and late November 1997. Most stations were equipped with short-period1-Hz 3-component seismometers and PDAS data loggers recording continuously 100 sps. The deployment was part of the collaborative research center „Deformation processes in the Andes - SFB267”. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code ZB under CC-BY 4.0 license.

Description: The CNES/GRGS RL04 Earth gravity models are a set of gravity field solutions based on GRACE and SLR data, provided at different time samplings: (A) CNES/GRGS RL04 time series (A/1) A monthly GRACE+SLR time series of gravity field models (A/2) A 10-day GRACE+SLR time series of gravity field models (B) A mean gravity model EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD, computed from the monthly RL04 GRACE+SLR time series and from GOCE data. (A) CNES/GRGS RL04 time series DATA: The data from the Star Camera Assembly (SCA), Accelerometer (ACC), K-Band Ranging (KBR) and GPS receiver are used. The KBR data is processed in the form of the relative velocity between the spacecrafts: K-Band Range-Rate (KBRR). In addition to the data from GRACE, the data from 5 SLR satellites are also used (Lageos, Lageos-2, Starlette, Stella and Ajisai), in order to provide an accurate and consistent description of the very low degrees of the gravity field (mainly degrees 1 and 2). The version of the GRACE data used for RL04 is L1B-v2 for the ACC and GPS data, L1B-v3 for the SCA and KBR data. INVERSION METHOD: By contrast with the GRACE solutions in spherical harmonics provided by other groups, the CNES/GRGS solutions are not obtained by a simple Cholesky inversion. The normal matrices are first diagonalized, ordered by decreasing order of the Eigen values and only the best defined sets of linear combinations of the spherical harmonics are solved. More details can be found here: https://grace.obs-mip.fr/variable-models-grace-lageos/grace-solutions-release-04/rl04-products-description/ (B) EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD mean model EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD is a mean model of Earth's gravity field spherical harmonics coefficients, based on the RL04 version of the CNES/GRGS time series of monthly gravity field determinations from GRACE & SLR data. EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD is complete to degree and order 300. Between degrees 1 and 90, it contains time-variable gravity (TVG) coefficients ; above degree 90, it is a static field. EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD is based on GOCE-DIR5 for the part between degree 91 and 300. The TVG coefficients between degrees 1 and 90 are obtained from a regression on the GRGS-RL04-v1 monthly time series of solutions (2002/09 – 2016/06). For degrees 1 and 2 this TVG part is temporally extended to 1993/01-2019/02 through the use of a GRGS SLR-only solution based on the data of 5 SLR satellites (Lageos, Lageos-2, Starlette, Stella, Ajisai). Outside of the measurements period (1993/01-2019/02 for degrees 1 and 2, 2002/09-2016/06 for degrees 3 to 90), the gravity field is extrapolated in the following way: - for degrees 1 and 2, before 1993/01 : average slope based on historical SLR data, mean annual and semi-annual periodic signals based on their average value between 1993 and 2019 - for degrees 1 and 2, after 2019/02 : average slope & mean annual and semi-annual periodic signals (based on their average value between 1993 and 2019) - for degrees 3 to 90, before 2002/09 : zero-slope extrapolation, mean annual and semi-annual periodic signals based on their average value between 2002 and 2016 - for degrees 3 to 90, after 2016/06 : average slope & mean annual and semi-annual periodic signals (based on their average value between 1993 and 2019) More details can be found here: https://grace.obs-mip.fr/variable-models-grace-lageos/mean-fields/release-04/

Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The Geodetic Observatory Pecný (GOPE) is located in the Czech Republic, about 40 km south-east of Prague, in the Central Bohemian hilly land at the elevation of about 500 m. It is surrounded by a mixed wood. Except for one local road the next nearest local road is about 1 km apart, the nearest railway is 5.2 km, the nearest village 1 km (Ondřejov). The bigger river (Sázava) flows through the valley at a distance of 5 km from the observatory at the height of about 300 m. No construction or other technological works (mines, industrial plants etc.) run either in the close surroundings or at longer distance. The hill Pecný is in the old metamorphic paleozoic synclinal zone of the Čerčany Chlum neighbouring with the Central Bohemian granitic massif and the perm massif of Černý Kostelec. From the geological point of view, GOPE was established in very stable region. GOPE is operated by the Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography (RIGTC) and was established in 1957. GOPE has been involved in tidal observations with spring gravimeters since the early seventies of the last century, cooperation with the International Center for Earth Tides (ICET) has been dated since 1990. GOPE belongs to the core stations of ECGN - European Combined Geodetic Network, established by the EUREF IAG Subcommission. Since February 2007, the observatory type of one sphere superconducting gravimeter OSG-050 was running in the old gravimetric laboratory (OGL) of GOPE located in the cellar of the main building of GOPE (Latitude: 49.9137 N, Longitude: 14.7856 E, Elevation: 534.58 m), about 1.8 m under the ground of the surrounding relief. Almost uninterrupted 10-year time series of gravity record with OSG-050 has been carried out till October 2017, when the OSG-050 has been moved to the new gravimetric laboratory (NGL) situated in the top of the hill Pecný, less than 100 m from OGL. NGL (Latitude: 49.9141 N, Longitude: 14.7868 E, Elevation: 545.10 m) provides 3 concrete pillars in the ground level, which are founded to the bedrock (4 m below the ground). Two pillars are used for repeated observations with absolute gravimeters (AG) and in the third pillar, located in a separate room, the OSG-050 is running continuously. All rooms are thermally stabilized by air-conditioning systems. Due to the excellent stability of the station and the facilities to inter-compare different AGs, the GOPE was developed as a regional comparison site which serves as a reference for the Czech Gravimetric Network. Since 2001, repeated absolute measurements with interval of one month have been carried out in OGL and later in NGL to achieve continuous drift-free gravity time series by combination of absolute and superconducting data. At the area of the station, meteorological (precipitation, air temperature, humidity, air pressure) and hydrological (ground water and soil moisture) parameters are measured by different sensors. These data are available through auxiliary data in the IGETS database. Raw gravity and local atmospheric pressure records sampled at second and the same records decimated at 1‐minute samples are provided as Level 1 products of the IGETS network.

Description: The Central Andean orogeny is caused by the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South-American continental plate. In Particular, the Southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°-40°S) are characterized by a strong N-S and E-W variation in the crustal deformation style and intensity. Despite being the surface geology relatively well known, the information on the deep structure of the upper plate in terms of its thickness and density configurations is still scarcely constrained. Previous seismic studies have focused on the crustal structure of the northern part of the SCA (~27°-33°S) based upon 2D cross-sections, while 3D crustal models centred on the South-American or the Nazca Plate have been published with lower resolution. To gain insight into the present-day state of the lithosphere in the area, we derived a 3D model that is consistent with both the available geological and seismic data and with the observed gravity field. The model consists on a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen, the forearc and the forelands.

Description: The Atacama Fault System (AFS) in N-Chile is a complex fault system with a variety of fault segments showing different degrees of activity. Initiated as a trench-linked fault system during the Jurassic it is now exposed in the Coastal Cordillera in the forearc of the Nazca-South America convergent plate margin. Fault scarps and surface ruptures indicate varying degrees of reactivation of this fault system that most likely roots into the subduction zone interface at the downdip end of coupling. Therefore, the interaction of these two systems is evident though not well understood. The active fault database for the northernmost segment of the Atacama Fault System (AFS) is the result of creating a comprehensive catalogue of active faults in the forearc to investigate activity patterns of the forearc in relation with megathrust segmentation and upper plate seismicity in the Coastal Cordillera of N-Chile (19°12’S - 25°12’S). The dataset has been compiled in Arc-GIS and is available as .mpk as well as .kmz formats to be visualised in Google Earth. The activity patterns are mapped according to a well-defined set of criteria (see below). The database for activity starts out from a thorough literature review and is supplemented by new evidences combining interpretation of remote sensing data, field work and upper plate seismicity from the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory in Chile (IPOC) (Sippl et al., 2018) and a local seismic catalogues covering the area of the Salar Grande segment (Bloch et al., 2014). It also includes the available age data of offset geological units as references to bracket the chronology of fault activity. Fault activity for this study has been defined according to the Quaternary fault and fold database of the United States (https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/faults?qt-science_support_page_related_con=4#qt-science_support_page_related_con), but is subject to significant error due to slow slip rates (〈 0.2mm/yr), few chronologically constrained fault offsets and lack of historically or instrumentally observed earthquakes along the fault segments. Therefore, this database does not have the aim to serve as active fault database for seismic hazard assessment. It has been created with the clear aim to serve as database for general aspects of upper plate fault reactivation in relation with the megathrust seismic cycle and megathrust segmentation. This publication is part of an ongoing study investigating the interaction of megathrust segmentation with activity patterns in the overriding forearc.

Description: WebDC3 is a web interface working on top of SeisComP3 standard seismological services (http://geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/software/webdc3/). It is AJAX-based and allows users to conveniently discover seismic stations and explore events in seismic catalogues, build and submit requests for data and metadata and finally download the results in different formats. Requests can be built using either absolute time windows or by station-event combinations suitable for different data processing pipelines. Furthermore, data requests and downloading of their results can be made in separated steps, allowing for larger requests and better supporting users with low bandwidth or unstable connections. WebDC3 functions in the style of a previous webdc service implemented at GFZ. The new web interface runs as a Python web application using the Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI). It has been adopted by a number of seismic agencies.

Description: Despite the amount of research focused on the Alpine orogen, significant unknowns remain regarding the thermal field and long term lithospheric strength in the region. Previous published interpretations of these features primarily concern a limited number of 2D cross sections, and those that represent the region in 3D typically do not conform to measured data such as wellbore or seismic measurements. However, in the light of recently published higher resolution region specific 3D geophysical models, that conform to secondary data measurements, the generation of a more up to date revision of the thermal field and long term lithospheric yield strength is made possible, in order to shed light on open questions of the state of the orogen. The study area of this work focuses on a region of 660 km x 620 km covering the vast majority of the Alps and their forelands, with the Central and Eastern Alps and the northern foreland being the best covered regions.

Description: This data set is the part 8 of a series reporting chemical data for accessory minerals from felsic igneous rocks. Compositional data were acquired by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) between about 1995 and 2005 on surface rocks and borehole samples. This data set assembles the results of EPMA of fluorapatite from felsic rocks representing three groups of granites in the Erzgebirge−Vogtland metallogenic province of Germany emplaced in the late Carboniferous: F-poor biotite granites, F-poor two-mica granites, and P-F-rich Li-mica granite. In these rocks, fluorapatite is typically omnipresent. It has to be noted that apatite has not yet been in the focus of mineralogical studies of the granites in this province and a comprehensive survey of its compositional signature and variability in space and time is still pending. However, the data listed in this data set provide a valuable glimpse into the similarities and differences in apatite chemistry between geochemically distinct felsic rocks, and into the evolution in composition from early to late crystallizing apatite populations. The data underpin that apatite is a sensitive monitor of the compositional properties of the media (melts and fluids) from which it was deposited or with which it interacted. Apatite from the studied rocks is basically fluorapatite with little or no Cl and OH detected respectively inferred. Elemental variations are observed at various scales, i.e., between granite groups, subsequently crystallized sub-intrusion within composite massifs, grains present in a single thin section, or between the center and the rim of a particular grain. These variations in particular refer to the following elements: Mn, Fe, Na, and the rare-earth elements (REE). For example, measured Mn concentrations range from 0.15 to 8.8 wt% MnO. The data set contains the complete pile of electron-microprobe analyses for fluorapatite (APAT-ERZ-2020). The data are presented as Excel (xlsx) and tab-delimited text (txt) formats. The content of the tables and further information on the granites and regional geology are provided in the data description file.

Description: The data publication contains a dataset for fast assessment of earthquakes and early warning based on seismic waveforms. The dataset encompasses Italy and surrounding refions. Due to the large scale of the dataset, it is intended for use in machine learning. A similar dataset for Japan, with the same specifications as the one provided in this data publications, can be obtained using the scripts at https://github.com/yetinam/TEAM

Description: In January 2020, a swarm of earthquakes started under Thorbjorn volcano, Reykjanes, SW Iceland, associated to the uplift of up to 0.5 cm per day. Concern in Iceland is growing and the Iceland Meteorological Office suggested that possibly magma was intruded in the crust at shallow depth (3 to 9 km). The GFZ is starting a seismological Hazard and Risk Team (HART) in cooperation with IMO, ISOR and the University of Iceland. This dataset comprise a selection of waveforms recorded along a fibre length of 21 km. The interrogator is located in Grindavik and is connected to a standard telecom cable. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5J.

Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” (www.earthshape.net, short description of the project below) installed a meteorological station network consisting of four stations between ~}26 °S to {~38 °S in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile, South America. The stations are intended to provide baseline meteorological data along the climate and ecological gradient investigated in the EarthShape program. The stations are located in the EarthShape study areas, encompassing desert, semi-desert, mediterranean, and temperate climate zones. Each station is configured to include sensors that record precipitation at ground level, radiation at 2.8 m height, wind at 3 m height, 25 cm depth soil temperature, soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity, 2 m air temperature and relative humidity, and barometric pressure at 30-minute intervals. The data recording started in March/April 2016. The EarthShape project runs until December 2021. Data collection will continue until that date, and potentially longer depending on available funds. This publication provides two sets of data: raw data and processed data. The raw data contains 2 file types per meteorological station: (1) all measured parameters of the whole dataset measured in 30 minutes intervals as downloaded from the station. Furthermore, we provide (2) one table per station of high-resolution precipitation events, measured in 5 min. intervals that were triggered during rain events at each station. The processed data consists of a continuous timeseries of observations since the activation of each station. The processing consists of the exclusion of erroneous data, caused by maintenance of the weather-stations and sporadic malfunction of sensors detected during data screening. The excluded data is communicated in a logfile (excel table), comments from data screening, solar eclipse and others are summarized in history files (ASCII ). the full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file (Data description file).

Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The Membach station is located near the river Vesdre. It consists of a 130 m long gallery excavated in the side of the valley that rises to the Hautes Fagnes plateau. At the end of the gallery, there are two rooms, located at ~45 m below the ground surface. Room 1 is dedicated to absolute gravity and seismic measurements; room 2 houses the superconducting gravimeter. The structure of the gallery and the rooms is in reinforced concrete. It was built in the early 1970s to monitor the seismic activity in the vicinity of the Gileppe and Eupen water reservoirs. Works were performed contemporeanously with the raising of the Gileppe dam. The gallery has been excavated in low-porosity argillaceous sandstone with quartzitic beds. As a function of rainfall and seasonal effects, gravity variations up to 40 nms-2 have been observed, and are mostly due to groundwater changes in the vadose zone above the underground laboratory (Van Camp et al., 2006). Strong rainfall induces rapid gravity decreases (Meurers et al 2007; Delobbe et al., 2019). At the surface, a beech forest. Absolute gravity measurements have been performed on average every month since 1996, using the FG5#202 gravimeter and the station is also the reference point for the Belgian gravity network. The SG GWR#C021 has been operating continuously since 1995 August so that, since 2017 September 18, it holds both records for the longest continuous time spent measuring gravity variations in the same place and for the longest superconducting levitation of an artefact (Van Camp et al., 2017). For high precision works like Earth tides analysis on long time series, data should not be used before 1998 June 12, when the original "TIDE" card in the SG electronics was replaced by the "GGP" one. Filters are different, and so are the transfer functions. Moreover, in this early period, the SG suffered from numerous technical issues, causing several changes in the amplitude and phase calibrations and making it difficult to ensure that the data are as reliable as after 1998 June.

Description: The software package “ClassifyStorms” version 1.0.1 performs a classification of geomagnetic storms according to their interplanetary driving mechanisms based exclusively on magnetometer measurements from ground. In this version two such driver classes are considered for storms dating back to 1930. Class 0 contains storms driven by Corotating or Stream Interaction Regions (C/SIRs) and class 1 contains storms driven by Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs). The properties and geomagnetic responses of these two solar wind structures are reviewed, e.g., by Kilpua et al. (2017, http://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0411-3). The classification task is executed by a supervised binary logistic regression model in the framework of python's scikit-learn library. The model is validated mathematically and physically by checking the driver occurrence statistics in dependence on the solar cycle phase and storm intensity. A detailed description of the classification model is given in Pick et al. (2019) to which this software is supplementary material. Under “Files” you can download ClassifyStorms-V1.0.1.zip, which contains the jupyter notebook “ClassifyStorms.ipynb” (https://jupyter.org/) and the python modules “Imports.py”, “Modules.py” and “Plots.py”. Check for an up-to-date release of the software on GitLab via https://gitext.gfz-potsdam.de/pick/public/ClassifyStorms (under Project, Releases). The “Readme.md” file provides all information needed to run or modify “ClassifyStorms” from the GitLab source. The software depends on the input data set “Input.nc”, an xarray Dataset (http://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable) saved in NetCDF format (https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf), which you can also download under “Files”. It contains 1. the HMC index: a three-hour running mean with weights [0.25,0.5,0.25] of the original Hourly Magnetospheric Currents index (HMC index, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.3.2018.006). 2. the geomagnetic observatory data: vector geomagnetic disturbances from 34 mid-latitude observatories during 1900-2015 in the Cartesian Centered Dipole coordinate system. The original observatory data was downloaded from the WDC for Geomagnetism, Edinburgh (http://www.wdc.bgs.ac.uk/) and processed as described in section 2.1 of Pick et al. (2019). 3. the “reference” geomagnetic storms: universal time hours of 868 geomagnetic storm peaks together with their interplanetary drivers (class labels 0 or 1, see above) as described in section 2.2 of Pick et al., 2019. These events are taken from published lists (Jian et al., 2006a, 2006b, 2011; Shen et al., 2017; Turner et al., 2009), which are gathered in the separate ASCII file “ReferenceEvents.txt” (under “Files”) for a quick overview. 4. additional quantities for plotting: time series of Kp (since 1932) and Dst (since 1957) geomagnetic indices from the WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wdc/Sec3.html) as well as the yearly mean total sunspot number from WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels (http://sidc.be/silso/datafiles). The output of ClassifyStorms is "StormsClassified.csv" (under “Files”). This table lists the Date (Year-Month-Day) and Time (Hour:Minutes:Seconds) of 7546 classified geomagnetic storms together with the predicted interplanetary driver class label (0 or 1) and the corresponding probability (between 0 and 1). Version history: 20 Sep 2019: Version 1.0.1: Correction of plotting mistake in Figure m / Figure S4 (see gitlab repository for details)

Description: SEVA is a scalable exploration tool that supports users to conduct change detection based on optical Sentinel-2 satellite observations. It supports the following essential steps of change detection: a) exploration and selection of optical satellite images to recognize proper data for the current application scenario, b) automated extraction of changes from the optical satellite images, c) analysis of errors and d) assessment and interpretation of the extracted changes.

Description: Surrogate playground is an automated machine learning approach written for rapidly screening a large number of different models to serve as surrogates for a slow running simulator. This code was written for a reactive transport application where a fluid flow model (hydrodynamics) is coupled to a geochemistry simulator (reactions in time and space) to simulate scenarios such as underground storage of CO2 or hydrogen storage for excess energy from wind farms. The challenge for such applications is that the geochemistry simulator is typically slow compared to fluid dynamics and constitutes the main bottleneck for producing highly detailed simulations of such application scenarios. This approach attempts to find machine learning models that can replace the slow running simulator when trained on input-output data from the geochemistry simulator. The code may be of more general interest as this prototype can be used to screen many different machine learning models for any regression problem in general. To illustrate this it also includes a demonstration example using the Boston housing standard data-set.

Description: Gms-index-mediator is a standalone index for spatio-temporal data acting as a mediator between an application and a database. Even modern databases need several minutes to execute a spatio-temporal query to huge tables containing several million entries. Our index-mediator speeds the execution of such queries up by several magnitues, resulting in response times around 100ms. This version is tailored towards the GeoMultiSens database, but can be adapted to work with custom table layouts with reasonable effort.

Description: This package provides a set of tools to read, manipulate and convert seismic waveforms generated by DAS systems. In particular, the ones saved in TDMs format: - dasconv: This utility lets you convert and manipulate seismic waveforms in TDMs format and export them into MiniSEED. - tdmsws (experimental) - a stand-alone implementation of the FDSN Dataselect web service, which is able to serve miniSEED data extracted from a folder with TDMS files.

Description: We are providing the geophysical data used to develop a gravity validated 3D lithospheric configuration of the Caribbean and north South American plates. The sources of these data are described in Section 4 of this README. Republication of subsets of these data are with permission of the authors or allowed by the licences of the input data. This data repository contains the lithospheric layers of the gravity validated 3D structural and density model of the Caribbean and north South American plates. In this model, the integration of different publicly available geophysical datasets was made, after an interpolation to a homogeneous spatial resolution of 25 km was performed. The data repository also contains the average density of the crystalline crust obtained after forward modelling the gravity anomalies. Additionally, the rotation files of the GPlates reconstructions of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau (CLIP) back to 90 Ma are included. This kinematic analysis was based on different reconstructions previously published by other authors. Further information and citations are given on the README file associated to this data repository.

Description: This dataset provides rheometric data of three viscous materials used for centrifuge experiments at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of CNR-IGG at the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (Italy). The first material, PP45, is a mixture of a silicone (Polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS SGM36) and plasticine (Giotto Pongo). The PDMS is produced by Dow Corning and its characteristics are described by e.g. Rudolf et al. 2016a,b). Giotto Pongo is produced by FILA (Italy). Both components are mixed following a weight ratio of 100:45, and the final mixture has a density of 1520 kg m3. The second material, SCA705 is a mixture of Dow Corning 3179 putty, mixed with fine corundum sand and oleic acid with a weight ratio of 100:70:05 and a resulting density of 1660 kg m3. The final material, SCA7020 consists of the same components as SCA705, but with a slightly higher oleic acid content reflected in the weight ratio of 100:70:20. The mixture’s density is 1620 kg m3. The material samples have been analyzed in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a plate-plate configuration at room temperature (20˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10-4 to 1 s-1 were performed. Additional temperature tests were run with shear rates between 10-2 to 10-1 s-1 for a temperature range between 15 and 30˚C. According to our rheometric analysis, the materials all exhibit shear thinning behavior, with high power law exponents (n-number) for strain rates below 10-2s-1, while power law exponents are lower above that threshold.For PP45, the respective n-numbers are 4.8 and 2.6, for SCA705 6.7 and 1.5, and for SCA7020 9.1 and 2.0. The temperature tests show decreasing viscosities with increasing temperatures with rates of -3.8, -1.4 and -1.9% per ˚K for PP45, SCA705 and SCA7020, respectively. An application of the materials tested can be found in Zwaan et al. (2020).

Description: Magmatic volatiles can be considered as the surface fingerprint of active volcanic systems, both during periods of quiescent and eruptive volcanic activity. The spatial variability of gas emissions at Earth’s surface is a proxy for structural discontinuities in the subsurface of volcanic systems. We conducted extensive and regular spaced soil gas surveys within the Los Humeros geothermal field to improve the understanding of the structural control on fluid flow. Surveys at different scales were performed with the aim to identify areas of increased gas emissions on reservoir scale, their relation to unknown/knows volcano-tectonic structures on fault scale favoring fluid flow, and determine the origin of gas emissions. Herein, we show results from a carbon dioxide efflux scouting survey, which was performed across the main geothermal production zone together with soil temperature measurements. We identified five areas with increased carbon dioxide emissions, where further sampling was performed with denser sampling grids to understand the fault zone architecture and local variations in gas emissions. We show that a systematic sampling approach on reservoir scale is necessary for the identification and assessment of major permeable fault segments. The combined processing of CO2 efflux and carbon/helium isotopes facilitated the detection of permeable structural segments with a connection to the deep, high-temperature geothermal reservoir, also in areas with low to intermediate carbon dioxide emissions. The results of this study complement existing geophysical datasets and define further promising areas for future exploration activities in the north- and southwestern sector of the production field. The data are presented as one zip folder with 4 data tables (tab delimited text format) according to the measurement variable. The columns are defined in each data file.

Description: The Regional Research Network „Water in Central Asia“ (CAWa) funded by the German Federal Foreign Office consists of 19 remotely operated multi-parameter stations (ROMPS) in Central Asia. These stations were installed by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) in Potsdam, Germany in close cooperation with the Central-Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences (CAIAG) in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, the national hydrometeorological services in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, the Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and the Kabul Polytechnic University, Afghanistan. The primary objective of these stations is to support the establishment of a reliable data basis of meteorological and hydrological data especially in remote areas with extreme climate conditions in Central Asia for applications in climate and water monitoring. Up to now, ten years of data are provided for an area of scarce station distribution and with limited open access data which can be used for a wide range of scientific or engineering applications. This dataset provides different types of raw hydrometeorological data such as air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction, precipitation, solar radiation, soil moisture and soil temperature as well as snow parameters and river discharge information for selected sites. The data has not undergone any quality control mechanism and should, therefore, be seen as raw data. A visual inspection of the data set has been made and some errors and quality degradation are listed in Zech et al. (2020) but does not claim to be complete. A quality control is strongly recommended by the authors before using the data. Each station data has its own storage directory at the data dissemination server named with the abbreviation (4-letter code) of the station. The data is sampled with a 5-minute interval and stored in hourly files separated by the type of data. These files are then archived as monthly files named with the station abbreviation, type of data, year and month. After one year, these monthly files are further archived to a yearly file. A detailed description for the stations is provided by the Station Exposure Descriptions. Further information about the dataset can be found in Zech et al. (2020). All data is compiled as ASCII data in two different formats which are explained in the documents GITW-SSP-FMT-GFZ-003.pdf (for the stations ALAI, ALA6, and SARY) and CAWA-SSP-FMT-GFZ-006.pdf (for all other stations). Monthly, the data will be dynamically extended as long as data can be acquired from the stations. Additionally, the near real-time data can be displayed and downloaded without any registration from the Sensor Data Storage System (SDSS) hosted at the Central-Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences (CAIAG) in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

Description: This data publication includes detrital remanent magnetisation data of glacial sediments from the Arkhangelsky Ridge in the SE Black Sea. In order to test the acquisition of a detrital remanent magnetization (DRM) in glacial Black Sea sediments material from ca. 800 ml of diluted mud with a density of 1.3 gcm-3 was successively redeposited into seven plastic boxes under controlled magnetic field conditions. A two-component coil system was used to adjust the magnetic field in horizontal (H, equal to magnetic NS) and vertical (V) direction. Total field strength for each experiment with seven samples was varied between 1.72 and 114.21 µT (1st column of data sheet), mostly opposite to the ambient field in the laboratory. Compaction (partial drying) of the diluted mud was accomplished by evaporation of a fraction of the pore water. Sample boxes were sited on a wooden platform. Vibration of the platform, excited by an old computer fan with an imbalance hanging below the platform, was intended both to promote alignment of magnetic particles parallel to the field set by the coils and to force settling of the sediments during partial drying. The majority of the samples were treated this way, entry ‘vibr.’ in column ‘action’ of data sheet. A smaller portion of the samples were created on ‘still’ platform, that is, without vibration. Samples were treated the following way: Measurements of low-field magnetic susceptibility (k-bulk) were performed with an AGICO MFK-1S susceptibility meter. Measurements of the detritral remanent magnetization (DRM) and of the anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) were performed with a 2G 755 SRM long-core cryogenic magnetometer. The ARM was imparted with a 2G660 single-axis alternating field (AF) demagnetizer using 100 mT alternating field and 50 µT static field. After ARM measurements, samples produced on vibrating platform also were imparted a ‘strong’ ARM (sARM) using 100 mT alternating field and 150 µT static field. DRM and (s)ARM both were stepwise demagnetized with the in-line 3-axes AF demagnetizer of the cryogenic magnetometer, applying steps of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 65, 80, 100 mT AF peak amplitude. Iso-thermal remanent magnetizations (IRM) were imparted with a 2G 660 pulse magnetizer using 1500 mT for producing a saturation magnetization and -200 mT for remagnetization of the low-coercive fraction. Measurements were performed with a Molyneux spinner magnetometer. The data are provided as ASCII table and are described in Nowaczyk et al. (2020) and the associated data description file.

Description: In eastern Hesse and western Thuringia, Germany hosts significant potassium-bearing salt deposits industrially excavated in the Werra-Fulda mining district. The salt belongs to the upper Permian (Zechstein) and was deposited around 258 to 252.5 Ma ago. In the Werra-Fulda mining district, the halite rocks (Werra-Rocksalt, z1NA) contain two minable potash seams, potash Seam Thüringen (z1KTh) and potash Seam Hessen (z1KHe), with an average thickness between 2 m and 3 m (Figure 1). To investigate the chemical and isotopic composition of the gas phase of Seam Hessen, gaseous samples were collected from five, 2-meter deep, horizontal boreholes drilled in the potash horizon which is mined at a depth of 540 m. About 4 weeks in advance of the gas sampling, the packer-closed boreholes were evacuated to about 3kPa and the pressure gradient inside the holes was continuously monitored in the boreholes D1 to D5. Selected gas samples were analyzed for their noble gas isotopic composition and the δ13C values of CO2 and CH4. The noble gas isotopic compositions were determined using a VG 5400 noble gas mass spectrometer after purification in a preparation line. The carbon isotope compositions were analysed with a GC-IRMS, comprising a GC 6890N connected to a GC-C/TC III combustion device and coupled to a MAT 253 mass spectrometer. The standard deviation of the δ13C values (in ‰ vs. VPDB) is ± 0.5 ‰.

Description: The Proterozoic Carpentaria province in northern Australia comprises several of the wordl's largest Zn-Pb massive sulphide deposits. These deposits are mostly hosted in fine grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, which have been affected by variable degrees of tectonic overprint, especially to the south of the district. Three of these world class clastic-dominated (CD-type) Zn-Pb deposits (George Fisher, Hilton, and Mount Isa) are hosted in siltstones and mudstones of the Urquhart Shale Formation (ca. 1654 Ma; southern Carpentaria Province). The hydrothermal alteration footprint of these CD-type systems is not well constrained, which complicates exploration for and discovery of new CD-type Zn-Pb deposits. A major caveat to understanding such footprints is the availability of suitable correlative host rock lithologies, which represent the un-mineralized protolith (background composition). In this study, we report whole rock lithogeocheochemical and mineralogical data from drill-holes that intersected the main ore bodies at the George Fisher deposit and from correlative un-mineralized Urquhart Shale. These data were combined with petrographic observations in order to (1) establish the detrital, authigenic, and diagenetic background composition of the Paleoproterozoic Urquhart Shale Formation, and to (2) evaluate mineralogical and associated chemical mass changes that resulted from the hydrothermal event(s) at the George Fisher deposit. This data report includes bulk rock major, minor, and trace element composition, as well as S, TOC, total C, CO2, Cgra concentrations, and mineralogical composition of 41 samples from the un-mineralized Urquhart Shale Formation and 70 samples from the George Fisher deposit. The data were generated using X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, LECO, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Access to drill cores was granted by Mount Isa Mines (MIM) George Fisher operation and Mount Isa Mines Resource Development; the respective MIM drill core IDs and depths of individual samples are reported in the data table. For further details see: Rieger et al. (2020 - WHEN AVAILABLE)

Description: This dataset comprises numerical outputs from the thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model (TIE-GCM) simulations described in the article "Modeling of planetary wave influences on the pre-reversal enhancement of the equatorial F region vertical plasma drift" (Yamazaki & Diéval, 2021).

Description: This dataset resulted from a parallel monitoring at two lakes, Lake Tiefer See (near Klocksin, TSK; 53° 35.5’ N, 12° 31.8’ E; 62 masl; N Germany) and Lake Czechowskie (Jezioro Czechowskie, JC; 53° 52.4’ N, 18° 14.3’ E; 108 masl; N Poland), and includes four different type of data for both locations: (i) sediment cores microfacies data, (ii) sediment fluxes and composition, (iii) selected water column data, and (iv) selected meteorological information obtained on site. This dual lake monitoring set-up was established in 2012 with the aim to investigate seasonal sedimentation and varve forming processes in detail. The datasets are provided in individual *.csv files, per type of data and per lake. The thin section data from surface sediment cores comprises the thicknesses of the most recent calcite varves’ sub-layers: spring diatom sub-layer, summer calcite sub-layer, and autumn/winter re-suspension sub-layer. The sediment flux data was obtained from sediment traps located in different water depths (epi- and hypolimnion), and the sediment composition is given by the fluxes of total organic carbon (TOC), calcium carbonate (as calculated from total inorganic carbon; TIC), and diatoms & inorganic matter. The water column data comprises water temperature from stationary loggers, and dissolved oxygen measured in ~ 1 meter depth-resolution. The meteorological data includes daily averages of air temperature and mean wind-speed, and summed daily rainfall. Further details about the sampling and analytical methods, data acquisition, and processing are given in Roeser et al. (2021; http://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12506).

Description: The GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites, which comprises two spacecraft, GRACE-A and GRACE-B, were launched on 17 March 2002 into a near-circular, polar (inclination = 89◦ ) orbit with an initial altitude of about 490 km. The two satellites follow each other at a distance of about 200 km. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to provide global high-resolution models of the Earth’s gravity field. The instruments supporting our study are the K-Band Ranging System (KBR), and the GPS Space Receiver (GPS). The K-Band Ranging System (KBR) system is the key science instrument of GRACE which measures the dual one-way range change between both satellites with a precision of about 1 μm per second. From the KBR1B data we can get the change of Total Electron Content (TEC). In addition the GPS Navigation Data (GNV1B) can provide us the position of the two satellites. From these data we can derive the average electron density between the two satellites. The data are stored as daily ASCII files using the file naming convention 'KBRNE_YYYY_MM_DD.dat'. Headers in each data file contain a short name for each column. A more detailed description is provided in the readme file.

Description: The software RST Evaluation is a series of scripts to semi-automatically evaluate shear experiments done at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling. In principle, it may be used for other measurements done in a similar setup, but it was build with our standardized workflow in mind. The shear experiments are done in a ring shear type shear cell rst.pc01 manufactured by D. Schulze (Details in ASTM standard D-6773). It uses an easy and reproducible workflow to determine yield properties, cohesion and dilational properties of a granular bulk material, such as sand or glass beads.

Description: This data is an high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generated for the Merapi summit by combining terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) photogrammetry data and TanDEM-X data acquired in the years between 2012 and 2017. The structures of the data are further analysed in Darmawan et al. 2017a (http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.006), and a previous DEM was available in Darmawan et al. 2017b (https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.1.2017.003). The 3D point clouds of the different data were merged and interpolated to a raster format (Geotiff format).

Description: The Proterozoic Carpentaria province in northern Australia is host to several of the world’s largest clastic dominant (CD-type) massive sulphide deposits. These deposits are mostly hosted primarily in dolomitic silt- and mudstones. The hydrothermal alteration footprint of these CD-type systems is not well constrained, which poses challenges for the targeting of future discoveries. One important aspect to developing alteration models relates to defining the composition of the unaltered protolith to mineralization. In this dataset, we provide whole rock lithogeocheochemical data generated from samples obtained from drill-holes that intersected the mineralization in the Teena subbasin. A small number of samples are from 2 drill-holes from an adjoining subbasin (Myrtle) in the area. The samples were selected from stratigraphy of the Barney Creek Formation and are from the hangingwall to the mineralization in either subbasin. This data report includes bulk rock major, minor, and trace element composition. The data were generated using X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and LECO analyses. Access to drill cores was granted by Teck Australia (Pty Ltd) and the drill core IDs and depths of individual samples are reported in the data table. For further details see: Magnall et al. (2021 - WHEN AVAILABLE)

Description: This dataset collects the results of a series of experiments carried out on air-filled cracks injected into pigskin gelatin blocks between September 2019 and May 2020 at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (Germany). Such experiments were intended to simulate dike propagation in the upper crust, in settings where tectonic and surface unloading stress are dominant in determining the stress field within the medium. The gelatin blocks were laterally strained and rift-like excavations were moulded on their surfaces. These data include pictures of each experimental setup and video records of each injected crack, as well as tables collecting the measured arrival points of the cracks at the surface of the gelatin and relevant elastic and geometric parameters. The data publication is a Supplement to Mantiloni et al. (2020): "Stress inversion in a gelatin box: testing eruptive vent location forecasts with analog models" (Geophys. Res. Lett.), to which the reader is referred for further information.

Description: GFZ acts as a global analysis center of the International GNSS Service (IGS) and provides operationally ultra-rapid (last 24h), rapid (last day), and final (last week) solutions and contributes to the reprocessing activities of the IGS. The GFZ repro3 product solution series covers data from 1994 to 2020 and is published in daily and weekly files. The following satellite systems are contained: GPS (from 1994), GLONASS (from 2012), and Galileo (from 2014).

Description: Imaging the internal structure of faults remains challenging using conventional seismometers. Here, the authors use deployed fibre-optic cables to obtain strain data and identify faults and volcanic dykes in Iceland. Such fibre-optic networks are pervasive for telecommu-nication and could be used for hazard assessment. Natural hazard prediction and efficient crustal exploration requires dense seismic observa-tions both in time and space. Seismological techniques provide ground-motion data, whose accuracy depends on sensor characteristics and spatial distribution. In the manuscript Jousset et al. (2018), we demonstrate that strain determination is possible with conventional fibre-optic cables deployed for telecommunication. Extending recently distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) studies, we present high resolution spatially un-aliased broadband strain data. We recorded seismic signals from natural and man-made sources with 4-m spacing along a 15-km-long fibre-optic cable layout on Reykjanes Peninsula, SW Iceland.

Description: We present a modular open-source software framework - kite (http://pyrocko.org), written in Python and C. The software enables rapid post-processing of space-born InSAR-derived surface displacement maps, swift parametrization and sub-sampling of the displacement measurements. With our package we aim to ease and streamline the optimization of earthquake source parameters from InSAR and GPS data and facilitate their joint optimization with seismological waveforms in combination with the pyrocko toolbox. Through such joint data optimizations from near- and far-field observations the determination of rupture parameters and processes will become more accurate and robust. Moreover, we present an intuitive kinematic deformation modelling sandbox for handling and manipulating various kinds of tectonic and volcanic deformation sources, interacting in elastic homogeneous or layered, full- or half-spaces.

Description: Abstract data objects are frequently transferred between a central computer (server) and one or more other computers (clients). The httpmsgbus (HMB) facilitates the transfer of these objects, functioning as a messaging service which runs over HTTP. These may be SeisComP data model items, or any other content. Messages sent by one client can be received by multiple clients connected to the same bus, using JSON and BSON formats for communication. Clients may limit what objects they wish to receive as part of the connection process. A bus may have multiple queues. Order of messages within a queue is preserved. A queue may have multiple topics; topic name is simply an attribute of a message. A receiving client subscribes to one or more queues and tells which topics it is interested in. Each message within a queue has a sequence number, so it is possible to resume connection without data loss, provided that the needed messages are still in the queue. A client can also select messages based on start- and end-time, and filter messages using a subset of MongoDB query language. HMB supports out-of-order messages by letting a sending client specify the sequence number when sending messages. Messages are received in order; a receiving client may ignore out-of-order messages or wait for missing messages until a timeout. httpmsgbus can be used as a standalone program or as an add-on to SeisComP 3 [1]; the code can be copied to SC3 source tree and compiled together with the rest of the SC3 using CMake or installed separately using the install.sh script. Go compiler [2] is required to compile the code; other requirements include Libpcre (pcre-devel, libpcre3-dev or similar Linux package), and Mongo DB for persistent storage. Source code is freely available for download; its use is governed by the GNU General Public License, version 3.

Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. As a new addition to this network, the iGrav-027 superconducting gravimeter had been installed at the Borowa Gora Geodetic-Geophysical Observatory which has been established in late 1930s. Continuous time-varying gravity and atmospheric pressure data from the SGs at Borowa Gora are integrated in the IGETS data base hosted by ISDC (Information System and Data Center) at GFZ. Borowa Gora Geodetic-Geophysical Observatory is located in Poland, situated 50 km north of Warsaw (longitude: 21.0359 E, latitude: 52.2755 N, height above MSL: 109 m). The operation and maintenance of the Borowa Gora instrumentation is done by staff of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography. The shortest distance to the Baltic Sea coastline is approx. 240 km. The area is located in a tectonically quiet zone. Geologically the situation is not well recognized, a significant size artificial reservoir is located within 1-2 km from the Observatory. The environment is a not significantly urbanized area with visible daily seismicity. The climate at this place has rough winters (up to -20 degrees Celsius) and hot summers (up to 35 degrees Celsius). The iGrav-027 is located in a specially prepared chamber in the basement of one of the Observatory buildings. It is separated from the compressor operating in a separate room. The location of the gravimeter ensures a relatively stable temperature of 21°C ±2°C throughout the year. The instrument is placed on a specially prepared concrete monument of 1.2 × 1.2 m horizontal and 1.5 m vertical dimensions (ca 1.3 m deep below floor level). The sensor of the instrument is located about 2 m below ground level, and the position and height of the instrument has been determined with a centimetre accuracy, before the installation. The iGrav-027 is co-located in the same building with the A10-020 absolute gravimeter. There are three well monumented pillars for absolute gravity determinations, which can be conducted along with the operating iGrav-027 (e.g. for the comparison with absolute gravimeters). In the vicinity of the observatory several further pillars were set up for various other geodetic antennas and instrumentation. Borowa Gora is a geodynamic observatory comprising space techniques and ground instruments. The iGrav-027 operation started at the end of April 2016, official start is assigned as from 1th of May 2016. Since that time the time series is carried out without interruption up to present. The time sampling of the pre-processed gravity and barometric pressure data of IGETS Level 2 is 1 minute. Level 2 data is derived from Level 1 data corrected for small gaps, major earthquakes and jumps. In addition, Borowa Gora is equipped with auxiliary data supporting the interpretation of the SG measurements, which is, however, not provided in the IGETS data base due to complexity. These are a local network of hydrological and meteorological sensors as well as two permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) stations BOGO and BOGI. Additionally magnetic field variations are also recorded.

Description: This dataset is supplementary material to the article of Ritter et al. (2017). In this article, the similarity of fault propagation work in analogue sandbox experiments to natural fault networks is investigated through measurements in a strike-slip sandbox and in a ring-shear-tester. The transient shear strength of the samples is measured for different fault lengths and from this the work is determined. For a detailed description of the procedure and the set-up please see Ritter et al. (2017). The data available in this supplementary publication are: • For the strike-slip experiments three video sequences of the deformation together with the evolution of boundary force for fault lengths of 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm. The videos show the curl of the deformation field, determined by Digital Image Correlation of top-view video images. These files are in AVI-format and included in the zip folder 2017-005-Ritter-movies.zip. • A folder containing force vs. displacement measurements for each experiment (2017-005-Ritter-forces.zip). These are 25 ASCII-files that contain two columns of numerical data: the first column is the displacement in meter; the second column is the corresponding force in newton. The files are named according to the following pattern: 〈fault length in meter〉_〈experiment number〉.asc • A Matlab script to load the force files and calculate the work. This file is called “plotwork.m” and calls the Matlab function “work.m”, which does the actual calculations. These files have been tested in Matlab version 2012b. The surface deformation data are available upon request.

Description: Generating data catalogue pages from ISO19139, GMCD-DIF and Datacite metadata

Description: Global spherical harmonic paleomagnetic field model LSMOD.2 describes the magnetic field evolution from 50 to 30 ka BP based on published paleomagnetic sediment records and volcanic data. It is an update of LSMOD.1, with the only difference being a correction to the geographic locations of one of the underlying datasets. The time interval includes the Laschamp (~41 ka BP) and Mono Lake (~34 ka BP) excursions. The model is given with Fortran source code to obtain spherical harmonic magnetic field coefficients for individual epochs and to obtain time series of magnetic declination, inclination and field intensity from 49.95 to 30 ka BP for any location on Earth. For details see M. Korte, M. Brown, S. Panovska and I. Wardinski (2019): Robust characteristics of the Laschamp and Mono lake geomagnetic excursions: results from global field models.

Description: This is a Level 3 data daily file product from various scientific and utility sensors on board of the `LEO' satellite 'CHAMP' with magnetic field data given by a time resolution of 1 Hz. Thise Level 3 data type is build to hold and merge finally corrected data, focusing on mature data calibration and corrections -- as well as internal consistency. This Level 3 data product is intended to supersede the various Level 2 versions with calibrated magnetic field readings from the CHAMP mission distributed hitherto and should be fitted for scientific use, assembling time series of scalar magnetic field values (but not directly readings from the scalar Overhauser sensor), vector magnetic field data from the boom-mounted Fluxgate 'FGM' sensors and attitude data from the ('ASC') boom-mounted Star Cameras. The vector data are given both in the satellite-bound sensor ('FGM') system and the Earth Centered Earth Fixed local 'NEC' (North-East-Center) system. The attitude time series, processed and cleaned, are represented by quaternions describing the satellite attitude related to the celestial system. The readings of the scalar OVM (Overhauser) absolute magnetometer at the top of the boom are not supplied directly, but were used during calibration of the vector magnetometer readings. The files with daily time coverage are in the (binary and self-describing) 'CDF' file format and accompanied, beside the generic 'CDF'-format timestamp, by the satellite's geocentric positions and utility information like quality flags.

Description: Post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO spherical harmonic coefficients of GFZ RL06 Level-2 GSM products representing an estimate of Earth's gravity field variations during the specified timespan. Post-processing steps comprise: (1) subtraction of a long-term mean field; (2) optionally, decorrelation and smoothing with VDK filter (anisotropic filter taking the actual error covariance information of the underlying GSM coefficients into account, see Horvath et al. (2018)); (3) replacement of coefficient C20 and its uncertainty by values estimated from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR); (4) subtraction of linear trend caused by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) as provided by a numerical model; (5) insertion of coefficients of degree 1; and (6) removal of estimated signal with 161 days period. These coefficients represent signals caused by water mass redistribution over the continents and in the oceans. These post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO GSM products are denoted as Level-2B products.

Description: These data are supplementary material to "3D Modelling of Vertical Gravity Gradients and the delimitation of tectonic boundaries: The Caribbean oceanic domain as a case study" (Gómez-García et al., 2019). This dataset contains information about the structure of the Caribbean oceanic crust, based on the modelling of the Vertical Gravity Gradients, which are gravity derivatives especially sensitive to density contrasts in the upper layers of the Earth.

Description: The scope of the Science Plan is to describe the scientific background, applications, and activities related to the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) mission. Primarily, the document addresses scientists and funding institutions, but it may also be of interest for environmental stakeholders and governmental bodies. It is conceived to be a living document that will be updated throughout the entire mission. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of the principles and current state of imaging spectroscopy. This is followed by an introduction to the EnMAP mission, including its objectives and potential impact on international programs as well as major environmental and societal challenges to their understanding and management EnMAP can contribute. Chapter 2 describes the EnMAP system together with data products and access, calibration/validation issues, and synergies with other missions. Chapter 3 gives an overview of the relevance, current lines of research, and potential contributions of EnMAP for major fields of application, such as vegetation, geology and soils, coastal and inland waters, cryosphere, urban areas, atmosphere and hazards to address the environmental and societal challenges presented in Chapter 1. Finally, Chapter 4 outlines the scientific exploitation strategy, which includes the strategy for community building and training, preparatory flight campaigns and software developments. A list of abbreviations is provided in the annex to this document, while an extended glossary of terms and abbreviations is available at the EnMAP website.