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  • 1
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    Statistical Population Genomics (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This open access volume presents state-of-the-art inference methods in population genomics, focusing on data analysis based on rigorous statistical techniques. After introducing general concepts related to the biology of genomes and their evolution, the book covers state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of genomes in populations, including demography inference, population structure analysis and detection of selection, using both model-based inference and simulation procedures. Last but not least, it offers an overview of the current knowledge acquired by applying such methods to a large variety of eukaryotic organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, pointers to the relevant literature, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Statistical Population Genomics aims to promote and ensure successful applications of population genomic methods to an increasing number of model systems and biological questions.
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Bioinformatics ; Genetics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Evolutionary Genomics (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book addresses the challenge of analyzing and understanding the evolutionary dynamics of complex biological systems at the genomic level, and elaborates on some promising strategies that would bring us closer to uncovering of the vital relationships between genotype and phenotype. After a few educational primers, the book continues with sections on sequence homology and alignment, phylogenetic methods to study genome evolution, methodologies for evaluating selective pressures on genomic sequences as well as genomic evolution in light of protein domain architecture and transposable elements, population genomics and other omics, and discussions of current bottlenecks in handling and analyzing genomic data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detail and expert implementation advice that lead to the best results. Authoritative and comprehensive, Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods, Second Edition aims to serve both novices in biology with strong statistics and computational skills, and molecular biologists with a good grasp of standard mathematical concepts, in moving this important field of study forward.
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Bioinformatics ; Genetics ; Evolutionary biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The genetic characteristics of cephalic abnormality and its aquaculture implication in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos, Nigeria
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23241 | 19325 | 2018-03-18 15:26:11 | 23241 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Cephalic abnormality in nine mating groups involving Clarias gariepinus with cephalic abnormality, non Cephalic and Maiduguri origin were investigated to determine the level and the genetic basis of the occurrences and its aquaculture implication. The highest mean percentage survival in a Cephalic crossed with non cephalic group was 68.6% whereas the last mean percentage survival was 25.7% in the group of Maiduguri cross with Maiduguri parent. Cephalic abnormality was observed in the crosses with both female and male cephalic with a total frequency ranging from 0 % to 70.8. %. The least number of cephalic abnormality was 18.5% which involved a cross of non cephalic with cephalic, and the highest was 70.8%. This level of cephalic abnormality shows that the defect was hereditary. This result implies that, the genetic factor is a major contributor in the feature of cephalic abnormality in Clarias gariepinus.
    Description: Includes:-1 table.;3 appendixes.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Diseases ; Deformation ; Fish culture ; Genetics ; Abnormalities ; Genetic abnormalities
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
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    Format: 199 - 208
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  • 4
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    Genetic improvement of tilapia: challenges and prospects in Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23373 | 19325 | 2018-04-10 16:09:38 | 23373 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The contribution of tilapia aquaculture in Nigeria to world output is negligible due to stunting, poor market value among others. This paper evaluates the aquacultural credentials of tilapia, some genetic improvement technology in cultured tilapia, namely, ploidy, hormonal sex reversal. transgenic, hybridization, and the necessity of Genetic Improvement in accelerating tilapia production in Nigeria. Investigation reveals the presence of O. niloticus with the highest growth perfermancc index (~h1=3.11) for Lake Kanji which indicates high growth potential in suitable culture environment and could serve as a good starting point for genetic development. The presence of ”wesafu”, an ecotype cichlid, endemic to Epe lagoon, Lagos, which grows to 1500g in the wild, appears to be an excellent candidate for genetic improvement of a commercial strain for the growing aquaculture industry. Tilapia Genetic improvement in Nigeria is faced with a number of setbacks. This includes short- term, scattered and disjointed funding, inadequate genetic research facilities, ecological risk, inadequate skilled manpower and poor documentation of tilapia genetic resources among others. Considering the growing importance of tilapia culture, the need to document, conserve, evaluate and utilize tilapia genetic resources is highlighted to enhance the success of food security in Nigeria.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;26 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Kainji L. ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Genetics ; Selective breeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 5
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    The status of fish genetics and breeding towards sustainable aquaculture in Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24202 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 15:26:01 | 24202 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This paper, fish genetics and breeding in Nigeria addresses the application of genetics and breeding to fish farming with the view to enhanced aquaculture production in Nigeria. This production technique is not limited to the use of conventional breeding programs nor is it necessary to go through the basic developmental steps of selection and isolation that lead to the domestication and diversification of livestock and crops over thousands of years. With modern molecular genetic techniques and induced breeding, it is now possible to develop and create new fish species .
    Description: Includes: 12 references
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Nigeria ; Delta State ; freshwater environment ; Genetics ; Sustainability ; Induced breeding ; Biotechnology ; Seed (aquaculture) ; Aquaculture techniques ; Fish culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
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    Format: 203-205
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  • 6
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    The induction of triploidy by cold shock in African giant catfish Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822 (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24085 | 19325 | 2018-05-12 14:21:06 | 24085 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Application of genetic manipulation techniques on cultured fish have been employed in developed economies to increase food fish yield. In this study, a simple and safe biotechnology genetic manipulation technique was applied to produce triploid African giant catfish (Clarias gariepiirus Burchell 1822) larvae .Eggs numbering 100~c10 in quadruplicates from C. gariepinus were activated by milt from the same species and were subsequently transferred to a thermoregulated refrigerator maintained at 2degreesC for 20 min to suppress cell division, starting at 4 min after activation. Haploid larvae were produced by activating eggs with UV irradiated milt at 30000 uWcm-2 for 15 min. Fertility, hatchability and survival after one week for triploids were 82.5%, 69.8% and 61.3% against haploid and diploid controls, 100%, 15%, 0% and 100%,93%, 91 % (p 〈 0.05) respectively. Ploidy levels of the embryos cytogenetically were evaluated in day-old posthatched embryos incubated in 0.02% colchicine for 2-4 h. Head and yolk sac were discarded in 0.9% NaCl while remaining fragments were later treated with hypotonic solutions of distilled water for 5 min, and subsequently with diluted catfish serum 1: 4 for 25 min. Cells were fixed with 1:3 acetic acid ethanol mixture. Slide with the chromosome spreads were then stained with 20% Giemsa in phosphate buffered solution. Chromosome numbers obtained were 28~c2, 56~c2, and 75~c2 for haploid control, diploid control and triploid treatments respectively. Using a simple biotechnology technique as above, triploid C. gariepinus larvae were produced in the present study. The potential application on food fish security of triploid catfish in aquaculture especially in Nigeria is discussed.
    Description: Includes: 1 table and 1 plate.;Also includes: 20 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Biotechnology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Chromosomes ; Aquaculture ; freshwater environment ; Genetics ; Cultured organisms ; Food fish ; Yield ; Biotechnology ; Fertility ; Hatching ; Sustainable development ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture development ; Appropriate technology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: 117-122
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  • 7
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    Comparison of diploid and triploid Heterobranchus bidorsalis using Polyacryl Amide Gel Electrophoresis (N-PAGE) (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23409 | 19325 | 2018-04-12 09:02:51 | 23409 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: A comparative analysis on biochemistry and Polyacryl Amide Gel Electrophresis was carried out to determine the genetic diversity of diploid and triploid Heterobranchus bidorsalis. Sixteen samples of diploid and triploid farm-raised (mean weight; 512.6g and mean length; 41.6cm) were collected and the electrophoresis analysis was conducted using 5.5% Polyacryl Amide Gel and serum protein obtained from the blood of the live samples. 0.06% Coomassie blue was used for staining the gel while a mixture of ratio 1:2 of glacial acetic acid, meethanol and distilled water was used for de-staining the gel. The diploid and triploid possessed an equal total number of 23 electrophoretic protein bands. The molecular phylogenetics of both samples revealed low genetic variability. Results of this study will serve as a baseline analysis on the current genetic diversity of H. bidorsalis in Nigeria.
    Description: Includes:- 2 figs.;8 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Nigeria ; Kontagora L. ; freshwater environment ; Genetics ; Diploids ; Experimental culture ; Nutritional requirements ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 168-169
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome constitution of highly motile mouse sperm (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 27 (1990), S. 168-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Motility ; Genetics ; Sex chromosome ratio ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study, we address the relationship between motility and genetic content of mouse sperm. The chromosome complements of highly motile mouse sperm, selected using the swim-up technique, were analyzed after in vitro fertilization, at the first cleavage state. They were compared to those of unselected sperm. Identification of male and female chromosome sets was possible because of their differential condensation at the first mitotic division. In vitro fertilization, swim-up separation, chromosome preparation, and staining were carried out using standard techniques. The results indicate that highly motile mouse sperm did not differ in types and frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities from those not selected for motility. Moreover, separation of motile sperm does not deviate the sex ratio from the theoretical 1:1.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080270213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene and genome scanning by two-dimensional DNA typing (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 186-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Genetics ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Denaturing gradient electrophoresis ; Cystic fibrosis ; Mutation ; Breast cancer ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A major effort in the analysis of DNA currently focuses on identifying genes and their pathological variants underlying disease. Once such disease genes have been isolated a major task of molecular medicine is to identify the spectrum of DNA sequence variations responsible for the aberrant function of such genes. These efforts, however, are hindered by the vast amount of genetic information to scan for variations and the limited capacity of analytical techniques in terms of accuracy and speed. Recently, a number of techniques were developed, so-called “genome scanning” techniques, which allow complete genomes to be analyzed for sequence variation in parallel, i.e., at multiple sites or loci simultaneously rather than serially at predefined loci. Here we present the background and applications of a particular electrophoretic parallel processing approach, generically termed two-dimensional DNA typing. The approach is based on separating DNA fragments by two-dimensional electrophoresis [1], including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, thus allowing hundreds of fragments to be simultaneously assessed by comparative analysis for variations in size and sequence. The method is suitable for hybridization analysis with locus-specific and multilocus probes of genomic DNA restriction fragments derived from human and other DNA, and for analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments derived from large genes. Two-dimensional DNA typing has been applied, e.g., in linkage analysis of pedigrees, analysis of tumor genomes for rearrangements, and to scan the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene for sequence variations such as point mutations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150160133
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic mismatch scanning: Current progress and potential applications (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Genetics ; Linkage(genetics) ; Polymorphism ; Chromosome mapping ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Genomic mismatch scanning (GMS) is a new method of genetic mapping which attempts to purify and map the regions of identity between two complex genomes in a single test. Identical DNA fragments from two genomic sources are enriched in two steps: (i) after reannealing of the two genomes, heterohybrids are purified by using a combination of a restriction methylase and methylation-sensitive endonucleases, (ii) heterohybrids that contain mismatches are nicked in vitro by the E. coli MutHLS mismatch repair system and are eliminated subsequently from the pool, leaving only mismatch-free heterohybrids. The genomic origin of this selected pool of DNA fragments is then mapped in a single hybridization step onto metaphase chromosomes or ordered DNA arrays. The principal advantages of GMS are (i) it approaches the theoretical limit of mapping power and resolution offered by an arbitrarily dense set of completely informative polymorphic markers and (ii) it results in a great increase in the effective number of informative markers without a corresponding increase in the number of individual tests. Thus, it should provide an efficient method for affected-relative-pair linkage mapping and for linkage disequilibrium mapping. In addition, a variation of GMS may allow rapid genomic scanning for regions of homozygosity-by-descent or somatic loss-of-heterozygosity. The feasibility of GMS has been validated in the 15 mb genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This article discusses the principles of GMS, the application to more complex genomes, and the possible uses of GMS.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150160144
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptides of normal and variant cells of tobacco (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: cell culture ; Nicotiana ; epigenetic variation ; gel electrophoresis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Polypeptides solubilized from established normal and variant cell lines of Nicotiana tabacum L cv “Wisconsin 38” have been analyzed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. There was little variability observed in the polypeptide profile in an established cell line; polypeptides present in different clonal lines of cells, all derived from an initial established cell culture, were very similar, if not identical. However, a large fraction of the observed polypeptides present in cytokinin-habituated cell lines (up to 3.8% of the total polypeptides analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) were different from those found in the cytokinin-requiring cells from which they were selected. The habituated nature of the selected cell lines was demonstrated to be epigenetic; tissue cultures that were reisolated from plantlets regenerated from habituated cell lines did require cytokinin. Further observations demonstrate: (1) that epigenetic events that alter a cellular phenotype change the expression of a relatively large number of polypeptides, (2) that a single epigenetic phenotype may be the result of any one of a number of possible patterns of gene expression, and (3) that epigenetic events are not random events.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010103
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pink-eyed dilution alleles affect negative surface charges of mouse spermatozoa (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: pink-eyed dilution locus ; spermatozoa ; sialic acid residues ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abnormal spermiogenesis in sterile pink-eyed dilution mutants results in spermatozoa with bizarre sperm heads. The spermatozoa of normal mice bind colloidal iron hydroxide (CIH) along the length of the tail, yet the spermatozoa of pink-eyed sterile mice show a great reduction in ability to bind CIH. This implies a loss of negative surface charges. The group(s) responsible for the charges are sensitive to methylation but resistant to neuraminidase treatment, even after deacetylation with alkaline treatment. The membrane components containing the negatively charged groups may be neuraminidase-resistant forms of gangliosides.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010107
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A genetic system for alternative stable characteristics in genomically identical homozygous clones (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 21-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Paramecium tetraurelia ; trichocysts ; nuclear differentiation ; cellular differentiation ; cytoplasmic inheritance ; developmental genetics ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Paramecium tetraurelia, stock d113, although completely homozygous, produces two kinds of genomically identical clones: N (nondischarge) clones incapable of trichocyst exocytosis (discharge) from intact cells in response to picric acid; and D (discharge) clones that do respond. These alternatives are irreversibly determined (at 27°C) during a determination sensitive period the first day after fertilization (autogamy, conjugation, or cytogamy): D parents are always determined to produce D progeny; N parents produce mostly N progeny if kept in exhausted medium, but mostly D progeny if kept in bacterized nutrient medium, throughout the sensitive period. If connecting bridges between mates persist long after the time for pair separation, the N member of N×D conjugant and cytogamous pairs produces D progeny even if exposed to exhausted medium throughout the sensitive period, thus indicating the presence in D mates of a D-determining cytoplasmic factor, δ, which overrides effects of external conditions. N and D determinations are brought about on newly developing somatic nuclei (macronuclear anlagen). After macronuclear development has been completed, determination is irreversible in it and its descendant macronuclei. M (mixed) clones produce N, D, and partial D cells; within these clones, diverse subclones can be selected. Crosses of d113 (N)×standard wild stock 51 (D) yield no segregation in F2, indicating no genomic difference between d113 (N) and wild type (D), δ may be a genic product regulating its own production. This results in “cytoplasmic inheritance” of D vs N in crosses of D×N followed by exhausted medium during the sensitive period. As with the only other well-analyzed comparable example, mating types, neither a genetic nor an epigenetic interpretation has yet been excluded for this system of developmental differentiation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010105
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and genetic analysis of a mutant with altered alkaline phosphatase activity in Dictyostelium discoideum (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 109-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; alkaline phosphatase mutant ; linkage analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Alkaline phosphatase is one of several enzymes that accumulate in a temporally regulated sequence during the development of Dictyostelium discoideum. These enzymes can be used to monitor specific gene expression; moreover, isolation and analysis of mutations in the structural gene(s) can serve to indicate some of the essential steps in programmed synthesis and morphogenesis. A mutation (alpA) which affects the activity and substrate affinity of alkaline phosphatase was isolated in D discoideum using a procedure for screening large numbers of clones. Alkaline phosphatase activity at all stages of vegetative growth and development was altered by the mutation. Several physical properties of the enzyme from growing cells and developed cells were compared and found to be indistinguishable. It is likely that a single enzyme is responsible for the majority of alkaline phosphatase activity in growth and development. The mutation is coexpressed in diploids heterozygous for alpA and maps to linkage group III. One of the haploid segregants isolated from these diploids carries convenient markers on each of the six defined linkage groups and can be used for linkage analysis of other genetic loci.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010111
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chorion defect of the ocelliless mutation caused by abnormal follicle cell function (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; female sterile mutation ; pole cell transplantation ; abnormal follicle cell function ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Homozygous Drosophila females bearing the ocelliless mutation are sterile and produce oocytes with abnormal chorions. It has been possible to determine in which tissues these defects reside by generating ovarian chimeras. Pole cells from ocelliless female embryos can give rise to functional oocytes surrounded by normal chorions when placed in a wild-type environment. Conversely, when wild-type pole cells are placed in homozygous ocelliless females, the oocytes that form from them have abnormal chorions and never give rise to progeny. Thus the chorion defect and sterility of the ocelliless mutation are not germ-line autonomous. Homozygous ocelliless ovaries will attach to the uterus when placed in a wild-type third instar larva, but few eggs are ever laid, and the chorions of stage 14 oocytes remain ocelliless in morphology. Wild-type ovaries continue to produce oocytes with normal chorion morphology when placed into ocelliless hosts, indicating that the ocelliless chorion defect is ovary autonomous. Thus the chorion defect of the ocelliless mutation resides in the ovarian somatic tissue, presumably the follicle cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010307
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 2 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020020101
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombinant DNA analysis indicates that the multiple chromosomes of maize mitochondria contain different sequences (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 363-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: maize ; mitochondrial DNA ; recombinant DNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Twenty-eight Bam H 1 restriction fragments were isolated from normal mitochondrial DNA of maize by recombinant DNA techniques to investigate the organization of the mitochondrial genome. Each cloned fragment was tested by molecular hybridization against a Bam digest of total mitochondrial DNA. Using Southern transfers, we identified the normal fragment of origin for d each clone. Twenty-three of the tested clones hybridized only to the fragment from which the clone was derived. In five cases, labeling of an additional band indicated some sequence repetition in the mitochondrial genome. Four clones from normal mitochondrial DNA were found which share sequences with the plasmid-like DNAs, S-1 and S-2, found in S male sterile cytoplasm. The total sequence complexity of the clones tested is 121×106 d (daltons), which approximates two thirds of the total mitochondrial genome (estimated at 183×106 d).Most fragments do not share homology with other fragments, and the total length of unique fragments exceeds that of the largest circular molecules observed. Therefore, the different size classes of circular molecules most likely represent genetically discrete chromosomes in a complex organelle genome. The variable abundance of different mitochondrial chromosomes is of special interest because it represents an unusual mechanism for the control of gene expression by regulation of gene copy number. This mechanism may play an important role in metabolism or biogenesis of mitochondria in the development of higher plants.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010409
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haltere determination and mutations at the bithorax locus (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 2 (1981), S. 49-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: determination ; Drosophila ; haltere disc ; homeotic mutation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mutations at the bithorax locus transform anterior haltere tissue into anterior wing. These transformations could in principle be due to the mutations altering either the expression or cell heredity functions of determination. I have studied two alleles of the bithorax locus bx3 and bx34e using disc culture techniques and found that both produce their transformations by altering the expression of the determined state. I have also found that the expression of the temperature-sensitive allele, bx34e, can be altered by temperature shifts during the culture period. Evidence has been obtained that suggests that such changes in expression do not require growth or cell division.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020020106
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The immaturity interval in Tetrahymena: Genetic and environmental sources of variation (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 2 (1981), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Tetrahymena hegewischi ; timing of maturity ; cellular differentiation ; genetic ; environmental variation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The development of sexual maturity has been studied in Tetrahymena hegewischi. Progeny lines do not typically change from immaturity to mating with all different mating types during a single test interval, but about 30% do mature abruptly. Some testers are more likely than others to participate in the earliest mating reactions of progeny lines which do not mature abruptly. Subcaryonidal vegetative pedigrees of 10 pairs from 4 crosses revealed considerable intrapair variation in the time, measured in fissions, of maturity. The average intrapair coefficient of variation was 20%. A nested ANOVA revealed significant genomic effects on the immaturity interval, but no significant cytoplasmic or caryonidal effects; 56% of the total variation was non-genomic. Growth in different environments had highly significant effects on the immaturity interval. Subclones grown at 27°C with alternate day transfers took on the average 2 to 3 times as many fissions to mature as sister subclones grown at 27°C with daily transfers. Subclones grown at 18°C or 34°C and transferred on alternate days had intermediate maturation times. The greatest range in the immaturity interval among lines of the same genotype was from 34 to 143 fissions. The development of maturity in this species involves genetic control of timing, but the genetic differences are obscured by a large amount of intraclonal variation and sensitivity to the environment.
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    Masthead (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 2 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020020301
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    Organization of mitochondrial DNA in normal and texas male sterile cytoplasms of maize (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 2 (1981), S. 319-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: maize ; mitochondrial DNA ; recombinant DNA ; cms-T ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recombinant DNA and hybridization techniques have been used to compare the organization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from normal (N) and Texas male sterile (T) cytoplasms of maize. Bam H1 restriction fragments of normal mtDNA were cloned and used in molecular hybridizations against Southern blots of Bam H1 digested N and T mtDNA. Fifteen of the 35 fragments were conserved in both N and T as indicated by hybridization to comigrating bands in their restriction patterns. Only three fragments produced autoradiographs whose differences could reasonably be attributed to single changes in the cleavage site of the enzyme while approximately half (17/35) of the clones resulted in more complicated differences between N and T. The autoradiographs produced by these 17 clones indicated multiple cleavage site changes and/or sequence rearrangements of the mtDNA. Patterns of six of these 17 clones indicated partial duplication of the sequence and two showed variation in the intensity of hybridization between N and T, which may be related to the molecular heterogeneity phenomenon found in maize mitochondrial genomes. The large proportion of changes observed between N and T mtDNA indicates that rearrangements may have played an important role in the evolution of the maize mitochondrial genome.
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    Triploidy permits survival of an inviable amphibian hybrid (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 2 (1981), S. 357-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: amphibian hybrids ; exogastrulation ; hybrid lethality ; nucleocytoplasmic interactions ; triploidy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hybrids between species frequently arrest early in development. In the frog hybrid Rana catesbeiana female × Rana clamitans male, the embryo shows a characteristic development to an exogastrula which dies. This hybrid can be rescued by pressure suppression of the second polar body, which results in the addition of another haploid set of R catesbeiana chromosomes to the embryo. The triploid hybrid expresses genes from both species and can develop normally through metamorphosis. The results show that an R catesbeiana egg containing a full haploid set of R clamitans chromosomes is capable of development and that the usual developmental arrest caused by the R clamitans genome responds to chromosomal dosage.
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    Unlinked structural genes for the developmentally regulated isozymes of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in mice (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 3 (1982), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; isozymes ; mice ; genetics ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genetic variants that affect the heat stability and ionic charge of the adult isozyme of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) map to a gene, Gdc-1, located on chromosome 15. A second isozyme of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, structurally homologous to the product of the Gdc-1 locus and expressed predominantly in undifferentiated tissues, has previously been identified. We have now discovered an electrophoretic variant of this embryonic isozyme. This expression is determined by a codominant allele of the gene, Gdc-2, that maps to the distal end of chromosome 9 as inferred from the observed gene order Mpi-1-d-Mod-1-Gdc-2.
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    Developmentally regulated gene expression in Artemia: Histone gene expression in newly hatched larvae (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 3 (1982), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Artemia ; histone synthesis ; histone genes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The synthesis of histones and presence of histone mRNA sequences in embryos and larvae of the brine shrimp, Artemia, were investigated. Radiolabeling of proteins synthesized in vivo followed by electrophoretic and fluorographic analysis confirmed the prediction that histone synthesis is coordinated with the wave of DNA replication in newly hatched larvae. No histone synthesis occurs during development of encysted embryos. Hybridization of cloned Artemia histone gene DNA to total cell RNA indicated that dormant encysted embryos do not contain “masked” messenger RNA.
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    Developmental abnormalities in Drosophila induced by heat shock (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 3 (1982), S. 91-102 
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    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: hyperthermia ; heat shock ; phenocopy ; teratogenesis ; morphogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have for some years been making use of phenocopies in Drosophila, as induced by heat shock, as tools for studies of the molecular events in morphogenesis [18, 21, 22]. In this paper, we have brought together some accumulated information on the conditions for phenocopy production, on a temporal sequence of sensitivity to induction, and on the nature of many of the morphogenetic abnormalities that can be induced. In general, the induction of phenocopies by heat shock requires conditions drastic enough to turn off transcriptional activities but not extreme enough to prevent recovery. This situation is most easily achieved in pupal stages where heat resistance is high, but even in this range, resistance varies with the stage of development.The phenocopies described resemble, for the most part, mutants that affect structures derived from epithelial differentiation or muscle development.
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    Ovarian pathologies generated by various alleles of the otu locus in Drosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 3 (1982), S. 69-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: female sterility mutations ; fusome ; incomplete cytokinesis ; interconnected sibling cells ; ongenesis ; ovarian tumor genes ; polytene chromnsomes ; pseudonurse cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A comparative cytological study was made of oogenesis in flies carrying various mutant alleles of the female sterile gene otu. It resides at 22.7 on the genetic map and within subdivision 7F of the cytological map of the X-chromosome. Each of the five ethyl methane sulfonate-induced mutations observed falls into one of three classes. In class 1, most mutant ovarioles lack germ cells; in class 2, most mutant ovarioles contain tumorous chambers; and in class 3 mutants, chambers occur that possess defective oocytes. The otu2 allele belongs to class 1; otu1 to class 2; and otu3, otu4, and otu5 to class 3. The mutations have no effects upon female viability or upon the viability and fertility of hemizygous males. Heterozygous females are fertile and have cytologically normal ovaries. In otu5 homozygotes, all ovarioles contain egg chambers, but oogenesis is prematurely terminated to produce a pseudo-stage 12 oocyte. Ovarioles from otu3 and from otu4 homozygotes contain both ovarian tumors and oocytes. Pseudonurse cells (PNC), which are cystocytes that have stopped dividing and have entered the nurse cell mode of development, are also abundant. PNCs contain polytene chromosomes. Since the homologs are paired, each nucleus has the haploid number of chromosomes. In chambers lacking an oocyte, the number of PNCs is less than the normal number of nurse cells. In chambers containing an oocyte, the number of accompanying nurse cells may be 15, or above or below normal. In vitellogenic chambers, the chromosomes in the nurse cells connected directly to the oocyte are more expanded than those in more distant nurse cells. The KA14 deficiency lacks the plus allele of otu. KA14 heterozygotes are fertile and have cytologically normal ovaries. When females carry KA14 and otu1, otu3, otu4, or otu5, 80% of their ovarioles are agametic. When females carry otu2 and one of the other mutant alleles, the ovarioles proceed further in development. So otu2 produces a product that has a beneficial effect on the test allele. When two different otu alleles are combined in a single fly, the phenotype of the hybrid ovary usually most resembles that of the ovary homozygous for the “stronger” allele (the otu mutant that allows oogenesis to proceed farthest). The results indicate that the product of the otu+ locus functions at least three different times during oogenesis; first to permit oogonia to proliferate, second to control the division and differentiation of germarial cystocytes, and third to facilitate the normal growth of the ooplasm. The gene product appears to be required in higher concentrations at each developmental period. The lesions produced by the mutations are thought to interfere with the stability or functioning of the gene product, and the ovarian phenotype produced by a given genotype depends upon the concentration of functional gene product available to the germ cells.
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    Homoeosis in Drosophila: Evidence for a maternal effect of the polycomb locus (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 3 (1982), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; Polycomb ; homoeotic mutation ; determination ; maternal effect ; embryogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When heterozygous, dominant mutant alleles of the Polycomb locus are associated with a variety of adult homoeotic effects. Zygotes homozygous for these alleles die as late embryos showing homoeotic transformation of head, thoracic, and abdominal segments. This study shows that embryos homozygous for Pc3 are more extreme than those homozygous for Pc1 or Pc2. Moreover, Pc1/Pc3 heterozygotes are more extensively transformed if their mothers were Pc3/ + than if they were Pc1/ +; this effect does not depend on zygotic genetic background and must be maternal in nature. Embryos homozygous for Pc3 are less extreme if they arise from Pc3/ + / + than from Pc3/ + mothers. These results strongly suggest that the Polycomb locus acts maternally as well as zygotically to affect early determinative decisions.
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    Probable somatic DNA rearrangements in mating type determination in Tetrahymena thermophila: A review and a model (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 2 (1981), S. 185-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: somatic DNA alteration ; nuclear differentiation ; mating types ; ciliate genetics ; immunoglobulin genes ; Tetrahymena thermophila ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Experimental data on mating type determination in T. thermophila, collected by Nanney, Allen, and their collaborators over a period of 25 years, are reinterpreted in the light of our current understanding of macronuclear genetics. A strong case is developed supporting the idea that mating type determination involves the developmental alteration of somatic DNA that occurs regularly in developing macronuclei in conjugating pairs. A. testable DNA deletion/splicing model is developed that although based on a few simple, plausible assumptions, explains the observations remarkably well. The model is in (at least) superficial analogy to the mechanism that must be involved to explain the somatic differentiation and alteration of DNA sequences that ultimately constitute an expressed vertebrate immunoglobulin gene. Because of the genetic, biochemical, and micromanipulative versatility of Tetrahymena, it may well turn out to be a uniquely suitable microbial eukaryotic experimental system for the study of developmental alterations of somatic DNA.
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    Production and properties of mouse trisomy 15 ↔ diploid chimeras (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: trisomy ; monosomy ; aneuploidy ; chimeras ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mouse trisomy 15 ↔ 2n aggregation chimeras have been produced and analyzed at 19 days of gestation. We have found that these chimeras are viable and in most instances normal in external appearance, unlike trisomy (Ts)-15 embryos which are severely growthretarded and die midway through gestation. Trisomic cells were found in all tissues of fetal chimeras, with proportions not significantly different from those of the controls in kidney, heart, liver, and brain, but significantly reduced in thymus and spleen. Ts-15 cells do not, therefore, exhibit a proliferative advantage during fetal development of tissues susceptible to Ts-15-related lymphoid malignancies. However, the presence of Ts-15 cells in the placenta may be associated with placental overgrowth. One fetus containing a monosomy 3 cell population was also observed, the first term fetal chimera with monosomic cells that has been detected.
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    Age-dependent behavior loss in adult Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 211-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; geotaxis ; phototaxis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The use of Drosophila as an organism in which to study aging has been limited by the fact that few biomarkers of aging exist in the adult. In this paper we examine behavior loss relative to longevity in wild-type populations maintained at 22°C and 29°C to determine whether behavior loss - that is, loss of ability to perform certain innate behavioral responses within a defined test interval - can be used as biomarkers of aging. We find that under controlled conditions behavior loss can be used as a landmark of aging in populations maintained at either 22°C or 29°C. The ability to perform normal geotactic and phototactic responses is lost during the reproductive phase of the adult populations, whereas motor activity is not lost until well into the death phase. We feel that the use of behavior loss, together with other parameters of longevity in Drosophila, will allow comparisons to be made between different strains or between different environmental conditions to test their effect on aging. In the companion paper we demonstrate the use of behavior loss to identify a mutation which may accelerate the aging process.
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    A mutation in Drosophila that appears to accelerate aging (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 199-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: aging ; Drosophila ; behavior ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The question as to the role that genes play in determining life-span is essentially unresolved. Although it is well documented that genotype influences longevity, this is no way demonstrates that life-span is genetically determined. In the present study we examine five temperature-sensitive mutations for their effect on the aging process. At the permissive temperature (22°C ), the longevity of each mutant strain is comparable to that of wild type. However, at the restrictive temperature (29°C ) the life-span of these mutants is severely curtailed. Using behavior loss as a landmark of adult physiological age, we examined each of these strains for its pattern of behavior loss relative to longevity, and compared each to a wild-type strain. In four of the mutations the pattern of behavior loss relative to longevity was severely altered at one or both temperatures. However, one strain, adl-16tsl displayed a pattern of behavior loss that was indistinguishable from wild type at both 22°C and 29°C. At 29°C not only was the longevity decreased, the pattern of behavior loss was also compressed into a shorter time period. The compression of the pattern of behavior loss was proportional to the reduction in life-span. Thus it appears that this mutation, adl-16tsl, may accelerate the normal aging process when placed at 29°C. The potential utility of these types of mutants for studying the aging process is discussed.
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    The regulation and function of small heat-shock protein synthesisBased on a lecture delivered in September 1983, at the International Conference in Biochemical and Developmental Genetics, Kos, Greece. (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 255-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; small heat-shock protein genes ; ecdysterone ; regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The four small heat shock protein genes of Drosophila are tightly linked at the level of DNA, and are coordinately regulated. In cultured cell lines their expression is induced by high temprature shock and by physiological doses of ecdysterone. In vivo, small heat shock gene expression is developmentally regulated. Using recombinant DNA clones we have characterized and compared small hsp gene induction in response to the two independent stimuli.
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    A Molecular approach to chromosome organization (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; chromosome ; polyteny ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A 315 kb walk in the genetically well characterized rosy region of the Drosophila chromosomes permits a molecular analysis of chromosome organization. Polytene chromosome bands in this region range from less than 7 kb to about 160 kb and the level of DNA replication is constant within bands and among bands and interbands. A good numerical and topographical correspondence is found between chromomeric units and genetic units.
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    Complex brain and behavioral functions disrupted by mutations in Drosophila (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 355-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: courtship ; learning ; biological rhythms ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Reproductive behavior in Drosophila involves a complex series of actions which is perturbed by many different kinds of mutations. Some of the most interesting courtship variants are those originally isolated with respect to disruptions of general learning and memory. Several types of genetically abnormal males have their “conditioned courtship” blocked or attenuated by the learning and memory mutations, some of which, in turn, are known to cause abnormal levels of specific monoamines or cyclic nucleotides. Recent studies of the defective courtship performed by the conditioning mutants involve “mosaic focusing” of the neural tissues affected by the behavioral/biochemical mutations. These experiments address the question of whether there are localized influences of the relevant genetic loci in their control of conditioned courtship, in spite of the fact that the protein products of the genes have a broad tissue distribution. Female responses to courting Drosophila males can also be dependent on the former's prior experiences. This pertains to enhancing aftereffects of prestimulation by the courtship song that is produced by a male; and the same learning and memory mutations, expressed in females, impinge on the normal aftereffects. One element of acoustical communication in courtship is a rhythmic oscillation in a particular component of the song. This short-term behavioral rhythm is altered in males expressing circadian rhythm mutations. To investigate the neural and cellular mechanisms by which these genes act, a mosaic analysis has been initiated on the ganglia affected by a clock mutation in its disruption of the courtship rhythm and of circadian cycles. A molecular isolation and identification of the normal form of this genecalled period - has also begun, in order to probe the locus's structure and function in detail. Such an investigation will include a comparison of the mosaic results with a direct determination of the various tissues in which the gene's product is expressed. In addition, interspecific transfers of the purified period gene will augment the current studies of species-specific features of the rhythmic courtship songs.
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    DNA heterogeneity and genetic control of tumorigenesis in nicotiana tumorous and nontumorous genotypes (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 3 (1982), S. 25-39 
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    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: tumorous and nontumorous genotypes ; DNA amplification ; repetitive DNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The possible relevance of changes in amounts of highly repetitive DNA sequences for plant differentiation and dedifferentiation processes has been suggested in several cases. Data are lacking however on (1) the genetic control of these phenomena and (2) cause-effect relationships between DNA amplification and specific ontogenetic patterns.The present study was carried out on a Nicotiana genetic system consisting of the tumorous amphidiploid N glauca X N langsdorffii, a nontumorous mutant of it, their F1, and a backcross to the tumorous parent. Backcross segregation ratios were shown to be compatible with a “single gene” hypothesis, the F1 plant being nontumorous but showing a low percentage of tumors induced by wounds, 6-azauracil or X-rays.In vitro studies of excised pith tissue grown on Linsmaier and Skoog medium for different periods of time showed the presence, confirmed by cytological analyses, of amplification of highly repetitive sequences only in the nontumorous stock, as judged by reassociation experiments in the first 24-96 hours of culture. CsCl analytical ultracentrifugation of those sequences showed the appearance in the same stock of a heavy DNA satellite (density = 1.721 gm/ml), whose presence was also confirmed by derivative melting curves.Amplification seemed to be essential for the initiation of cell division, which was completely inhibited in the nontumorous genotype and partially influenced in the F1 by incorporation during the critical period (24-96 hours of the primary explant) of 5-bromo-2′-deoxy-uridine.The results are discussed in terms of an hypothesis of an integrated gene-controlled, hormone-mediated regulatory system of cell proliferation involving changes in target repetitive DNA sequences.
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    Third International Conference on Neurotoxicology of Selected Chemicals September 9-12, 7984, Chicago pyrethroids and neuroactive pesticides (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 229-230 
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    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    Pattern formation: A primer in developmental biology. George M. Malacinski, editor; Susan Bryant, consulting editor. New York: MacMillan, 1984. 626 pp. $42.00 (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 5 (1984), S. 173-175 
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    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    The recessive phenotype of forked can be uncovered by heat shock in Drosophila (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: heat shock ; phenocopy ; forked ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Heat shock uncovers the recessive forked phenotype when heterozygotes between f36a and wild-type are heated during sensitive periods in pupal development. We call the phenocopy of a mutant in such a heterozygote a heterocopy. The heterocopy in f36a/+ is virtually identical to the mutant phenotype; however, bristles on different parts of the body are affected during different sensitive periods. We discuss the hypothesis that the heat shock acts by affecting expression of the wild-type gene product corresponding to the mutant gene. The sensitive period for heterocopy induction in a specific tissue is proposed to correspond to the normal time of gene expression for the forked gene product in a particular tissue.
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    Handbook of plant cell culture, Vol. 2, Crop Species. Macmillan Pub. Co., NY, 1984 [644pp] (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 151-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020060207
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    Characterization of revertants of stmF mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum: Evidence that stmF is the structural gene of the cgmp-specific phosphodiesterase (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 163-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; revertants of stmF mutants ; cGMP metabolism ; cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase ; suppressor mutations ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: stmF mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum produce long, banded aggregation streams on growth plates and exhibit altered cGMP metabolism. To learn more about the role of cGMP in chemotaxis and the nature of the defect in these mutants, 15 nonstreaming (Stm+) revertants of two stmF mutants were isolated and characterized. Fourteen of the revertants continued to show the elevated cAMP-induced cGMP response and very low cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (cGPD) activity characteristic of their stmF parents. Parasexual genetic analysis revealed that many of these Stm+ revertants carried phenotypic suppressors unlinked to stmF. One Stm+ revertant, strain HC344, exhibited a low, prolonged cGMP response and relatively high cGPD activity throughout development. To determine whether the elevated cGPD activity in this revertant resulted from increased enzyme production or enhanced enzyme activity, cGPDs were partially purified from the wild-type strain, the stmF parent and revertant HC344, and properties of the enzymes were compared. cGPDs from the stmF mutant and the revertant showed similar differences from the wild-type enzyme in kinetic properties, thermal stability, and sensitivity to certain inhibitors. These results suggest that stmF is the structural gene of the cGPD. In addition, the unusual cGMP response in revertant HC344 appeared to be due to increased production of an altered cGPD.
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    Developmental biology of the bacteria. By martin dworkin. Menlo park, California: Benjamin/cummings publishing company, 1985. 256 pp. $31.95 (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 293-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020060407
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    Molecular polymorphism: How much is there and why is there so much?Based on a lecture delivered in September, 1983 at the International Conference in Biochemical and Developmental Genetics, Kos, Greece. (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 379-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: genetic variation ; molecular evolution ; natural selection ; DNA polymorphism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The evidence for genetic variation can be traced to Mendel's experiments: The discovery of the laws of heredity was made possible by the expression of segregating alleles. Since that time, the study of genetic variation in natural populations has been characterized by a gradual discovery of ever-increasing amounts of genetic variation. In the early decades of this century geneticists thought that an individual is homozygous at most gene loci and that individuals of the same species are genetically almost identical. Recent discoveries suggest that, at least in outcrossing organisms, the DNA sequences inherited one from each parent are likely to be different for nearly every gene locus in every individual; ie, that every individual may be heterozygous at most, if not all, gene loci. But the efforts to obtain precise estimates of genetic variation have been thwarted for various reasons.
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    Reviewers for volume 4 (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 451-451 
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    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020040417
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 5 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020050101
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    Analysis of the Drosophila female sterile mutation fs(1) 1304 by pole cell transplantation experiments (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; germ line ; somatic line ; pole cell transplantation ; mosaics ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Drosophila melanogaster mutant fs(1)1304 is an ovary autonomous female sterile mutant that causes abnormal morphology of the egg. Vitellogenesis proceeds at an abnormally slow rate in homozygous females. We have used pole cell transplantation to construct germ line mosaics in order to determine whether the 1304 defect depends upon the genotype of the germ line cells (oocyte or nurse cells) or the somatic line (follicle cells). We have found that the germ line is the primary target tissue where the mutant gene is expressed.
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    Developmental changes in the sensitivity of Volvox to ultraviolet light (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 269-280 
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    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: UV ; DNA repair ; photoreactivation ; algae ; dark repair ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The response of Volvox to ultraviolet irradiation was analyzed. Young individuals isolated from a synchronous culture were exposed to UV light (120 J/m2) and subjected to variable lenght periods of dark following irradiation. The major effect of the UV treatment was the inability of the gonidia present in the colonies at the time of irradiation to continue and complete the developmental program. Individuals show a heightened sensitivity to UV for a limited period immediately following inversion and are insensitive at other stages of development. The cytotoxic effect of UV during this interval is completely reversed by the immediate exposure to white light and is increased with longer periods of dark treatment prior to exposure to white light. The temporal profile of the sensitivity defines a smooth curve in which the maximal sensitivity occurs three hours after inversion. The response to higher doses of UV (up to 500 J/m2) is a nonlinear increase in cytotoxicity and is disproportionanately greater in those individuals just prior to the period of maximal sensitivity than those later in development. The results suggest that Volvox has at least two pathways for the repair of UV damage and that one of these, the principal dark repair pathway, is temporarily deficient in the gonidia of young individuals.
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    Masthead (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 7 (1986) 
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    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020070101
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    A comparison of genome modifications leading to genetic and epigenetic tumorous transformation in Nicotiana spp. tissue cultures (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 7 (1986), S. 51-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: tumorous and nontumorous genotypes ; repetitive DNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A single system is presented, where both genetic and epigenetic control of tumor induction can be studied at the same time. This system is offered by the amphidiploid tumorous hybrid Nicotiana glauca × N. langsdorffii, a nontumorous mutant of it and the nontumorous parent species N. glauca and N. langsdorffii. The aim of the present paper is to compare long-term in vitro cultures of tumorous (genetic and habituated), and nontumorous strains, through the characterization of their genomes according to several physico-chemical parameters. The data reported show that both qualitative and quantitative differences in DNA complexity are correlated with the tumorous transformation. Particularly, a high degree of mismatching between the DNAs of the tumorous and nontumorous hybrids and the lack, in the second genotype (nontumorous), of three DNA peaks in Ag+-Cs2SO4 analytical ultracentrifugation profile seem to support the hypothesis, suggested in a previous paper, of the presence, in the nontumorous mutant, of a gross chromosomal rearrangement, probably a deletion. Amplification and underreplication of specific sequences also seemed to be correlated with changes from the normal to the tumorous state, highly repetitive sequences being present in higher amounts in the normal strains and in the habituated N. glauca than in the case of the tumorous hybrid.Finally, DNA bound ion contents were found to be strikingly higher in tumorous than in nontumorous tissues. The results are discussed in the frame of the general hypothesis of high somatic genomic plasticity in plants.
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    Analysis of molting and metamorphosis in the ecdysteroid-deficient mutant L(3)3DTS of Drosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: ecdysteroid ; prothoracic gland ; temperature sensitive ; Drosophila ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The dominant temperature-sensitive mutation L(3)3DTS (DTS-3) in Drosophila melanogaster causes lethality of heterozygotes during the third larval instar at the restrictive temperature (29°C). Temperature-shift experiments revealed two distinct temperature-sensitive periods, with lethal phases during the third larval instar (which may persist for 4 weeks) and during the late pupal stage. At 29°C mutant imaginal discs are unable to evert in situ, but did evert normally if cultured in the presence of exogenous ecdysterone or when implanted into wild-type larval hosts. The only morphologically abnormal tissue present in the lethal larvae is the ring gland, the prothoracic gland being greatly hypertrophied in third instar DTS-3 larvae. Injection of a single wild-type ring gland rescued these mutant larvae, indicating that the mutant gland is functionally, as well as morphologically, abnormal. Finally, the mutant larvae were shown to have less than 10% of the wild-type ecdysteroid levels. These results are all consistent with a proposed lesion in ecdysteroid hormone production in DTS-3 larvae. A comparison with the phenotypes of other “ecdysone-less” mutants is presented.
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    Stage specific embryonic defects following heat shock in Drosophila (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 179-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: embryonic development ; phenocopies ; heat shock ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Heat shock of pre-adult Drosophila disrupts development and causes phenotypic abnormalities. Type of abnormality depends on developmental stage at time of shock. Defects probably result from disruption of stage specific processes by the heat shock response (which includes reduction of normal mRNA and protein production). This study uses heat shock to study stage specific processes in early development. Short, intense shocks (2-3 min, 42-43°C) are administered to carefully staged embryos within the first 5 h of development. Stage specific defects occur following shock at syncitial blastoderm or later. Abnormal segmentation follows shock at syncitial or cellular blastoderm. Segmentation is also disrupted by shocks 1 h after the onset of gastrulation, but not by shocks at the onset of gastrulation. Segmentation defects include phenocopies of pair rule mutants, which lack parts of alternate segments. Defective shortening of the germ band is common following shock at the onset of gastrulation. Germ band shortening normally occurs several hours after the time of shock; thus heat shock specifically affects control of a later developmental process. Development does not simply cease at the time of the distrupted process; rather a specific step in the developmental sequence is omitted or altered. Stage specific defects do not occur following pre-blastoderm shock. Pre-blastoderm eggs have few or no normal processes controlled by transcription, and poor ability to induce the heat shock response. This suggests that stage specific defects require disruption of transcription controlled processes. Pre-blastoderm eggs survive a 3-min shock less well than older eggs. The ability of older eggs to induce the heat shock response probably enhances survival. The mutant hairy was also investigated. Extreme alleles show a striking pair rule phenotype, while a weak allele does not. Heat shock of animals heterozygous or homozygous for the weak allele at blastoderm specifically increases the frequency of the extreme hairy phenotype. Thus heat shock may disrupt the same developmental process as is altered by the mutation.
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    Wing reduction and cell death in Drosophila hydei: Analysis of the mutants Notch and Costal-nick (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 257-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila hydei ; cell death ; imaginal discs ; wing reduction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cell death and its effect on wing size have been described in some wing mutants of Drosophila hydei. Dead cells in the imaginal discs were localized by Nile-bule and acridine-orange staining. Various Notch (N) alleles, the mutation Costal-nick (Cnk) and the compound N/Cnk show characteristic patterns of cell death in the imaginal wing disc. Some but not all of the structural features of the adult wing can be related to the site of cell death during larval stages. In NAx types, extensive cell death is followed by regenerative growth, invalidating a simple relation between size of the disk and size of the wing. In Nts/Cnk cell death and wing morphology depend on the breeding temperature. From temperature experiments we conclude that cell death starts between day 4 and 5 after egg laying and can be induced by a shift to the restrictive temperature during the critical phase. Patterns of wing incisions and cell death in Nts/Cnk genotypes seem not to be delimited by any of the known compartment boundaries.
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    Eukaryotic transcription: The role of cis- and trans-acting elements in initiation. Edited by Yakov Gluzman. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 1985 [200 pp] (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 295-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020060408
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    Decreased methylation of the major mouse long interspersed repeated DNA during aging and in myeloma cells (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 7 (1986), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: long interspersed repeated DNA ; demethylation ; myeloma cells ; aging ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sequences of DNA that hybridize on Southern blots with cloned EcoR1 1.3 kb (ER1) of long interspersed repeated sequence (L1Md) of mouse have been examined in genomic DNA of neonatal mice, livers and brains of adult mice (3, 10, 27, and 30 mo old), and the solid myeloma tumor MOPC-315. The isoschizomers Hpa II (CCGG or mCCGG) and Msp I (CCGG or CmCGG) were used to assess methylation. We found that the L1Md sequence is fully methylated in young animals but demethylated in myeloma. Demethylation of L1Md sequence also occurred in aged animals. By scanning the autoradiogram, we found that approximately 8% of the 104-105 copies have been demethylated in 27-mo-old liver.
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    Announcement (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 7 (1986), S. 117-117 
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    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020070207
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    Yeast taxonomy (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 5 (1989), S. S339 
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    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320050706
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    The plasmid-encoded killer system of Kluyveromyces lactis: A review (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    Intracellular and extracellular levels of cyclic AMP during the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cyclic AMP ; Cell Cycle ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using the techniques of centrifugal elutriation it was demonstrated that during the cell division cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae there are stage-specific fluctuations in the intracellular concentration of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). Results shown here indicate that the intracellular concentration of cAMP is at its highest during the division cycle, and its lowest immediately prior to and just after cell sepraration. Results also show the extrusion of extracellular cAMP into the medium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, extracellular cAMP levels being ten to one hundred times higher than intracellular levels. During the cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae the extracellular level of cAMP does not fluctuate.
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    Comparative study on cytochrome P-450 of yeasts using specific antibodies to cytochromes P-450alk and P-45014DM (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cytochrome P-450 ; Lanosterol 14α-demethylase ; alkane hydroxylase ; Immunological Analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The occurrence of cytochrome P-45014DM(lanosterol 14α-demethylase) and cytochrome P-450alk (long-chain alkane terminal hydroxylase) in various yeast strain was determined with immunological procedures. Cytochrome P-45014DM, which is a constitutive or housekeeping enzyme playing an essential role in ergosterol biogenesis, was found in all yeast strains so far tested. Cytochromes P-45014DM from different species of yeast were immunologically different, although they may have a few common antigenic sites. In contrast, cytochrome P-450alk was detected only in the alkane-assimilating yeasts.
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    Peroxisome-deficient mutants of Hansenula polymorpha (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 87-97 
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    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Hansenula polymorpha ; methylotrophic yeast ; microbodies ; peroxisome-deficient mutants ; alcohol oxidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: As a first step in a genetic approach towards understanding peroxisome biogenesis and function, we have sought to isolate mutants of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha which are deficient in peroxisomes. A collection of 260 methanol-utilization-defective strains was isolated and screened for the ability to utilize a second compound, ethanol, the metabolism of which involves peroxisomes. Electron microscopical investigations of ultrathin sections of selected pleiotropic mutants revealed two strains which were completely devoid of peroxisomes. In both, different peroxisomal matrix enzymes were active but located in the cytosol; these included catalase, alcohol oxidase, malate synthase and isocitrate lyase.Subsequent backcrossing experiments revealed that for all crosses involving both strains, the methanol- and ethanol utilizing-deficient phenotypes segregated independently of each other, indicating that different gene mutations were responsible for these phenotypes. The phenotype of the backcrossed peroxisome-deficient derivates was identical: defective in the ability to utilize methanol but capable of growth on other carbon sources, including ethanol.The mutations complemented and therefore were recessive mutations in different genes.
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    Optical fibers as tetrad dissection needles (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 139-139 
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    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    Cloning and sequencing of the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene from Pachysolen tannophilus (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Pachysolen ; ornithine carbamoyltransferase ; xylose ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A fragment of DNA from a yeast Pachysolen tannophilus, bearing the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene (OCTase, EC 2.1.3.3) has been cloned from a genomic library by functional complementation of the Escherichia coli OCT-negative mutant. The gene was located within the cloned segment of DNA and its coding sequence identified by DNA sequencing. This has indicated that P. tannophilus OCT gene encodes a 347 amino acid polypeptide, which shows 60% identity to the homologous Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein. The amino acid composition of its N-terminus indicates that this protein is translocated across the mitochondrial membrane. The gene can be expressed in E. coli as well as in S. cerevisiae. Comparison with other OCTases confirms a high degree of conservation among these proteins.
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    Substrate-accelerated death of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 under maltose stress (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Maltose transport ; α-glucosidase ; yeast ; chemostat ; cell death ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 was grown under maltose limitation, two enzymes specific for maltose utilization were present: a maltose carrier, and the maltose-hydrolysing α-glucosidase. The role of these two enzymes in the physiology of S. cerevisiae was investigated in a comparative study in which Candida utilis CBS 621 was used as a reference organism.Maltose pulses to a maltose-limited chemostat culture of S. cerevisiae resulted in ‘substrate-accelerated death’. This was evident from: (1) enhanced protein release from cells: (2) excretion of glucose into the medium; (3) decreased viability. These effects were specific with respect to both substrate and organism: pulses of glucose to maltose-limited cultures of S. cerevisiae did not result in cell death, neither did maltose pulses to maltose-limited cultures of C. utilis. The maltose-accelerated death of S. cerevisiae is most likely explained in terms of an uncontrolled uptake of maltose into the cell, resulting in an osmotic burst. Our results also provide evidence that the aerobic alcoholic fermentation that occurs after pulsing sugars to sugar-limited cultures of S. cerevisiae (short-term Crabtree effect) cannot solely be explained in terms of the mechanism of sugar transport. Both glucose and maltose pulses to maltose-limited cultures triggered aerobic alcohol formation. However, glucose transport by S. cerevisiae occurs via facilitated diffusion, whereas maltose entry into this yeast is mediated by a maltose/proton symport system.
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    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060301
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    The alcohol dehydrogenase system in the yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Kluyveromyces lactis ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have studied the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) system in the yeast Kluyvefromyces lactis. Southern hybridization to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH2 gene indicates four probable structural ADH genes in K. lactis. Two of these genes have been isolated from a genomic bank by hybridization to ADH2. The nucleotide sequence of one of these genes shows 80% and 50% sequence identity to the ADH genes of S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe respectively. One K. lactis ADH gene is preferentially expressed in glucose-grown cells and, in analogy to S. cerevisiae, was named K1ADH1. The other gene, homologous to K1ADH1 in sequence, shows an amino-terminal extension which displays all of the characteristics of a mitochondrial targeting presequence. We named this gene K1ADH3. The two genes have been localized on different chromosomes by Southern hybridization to an orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis-resolved K. lactis genome. ADH activities resolved by gel electrophoresis revealed several ADH isozymes which are differently expressed in K. lactis cells depending on the carbon source.
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    Creation of ARS activity in yeast through iteration of non-functional sequences (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: DNA replication ; replication origin ; eukaryotic chromosome ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Replication origins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been identified through the clonning of autonomous replication sequence (ARS) elements that allow the extrachromosonal maintenance of plasmid molecules. ARS activity requires a close matcht to an 11 bp consensus sequence and A+T-rich flanking DNA. ARS elements with a wide range of capacities for promoting plasmid maintenance have been described. We determined the ARS activity of plasmid with inserts consisting of repetitions of a 64 bp 100% A+T sequence that has sequence similarities to known ARS elements. An insert with approximately four repeats did not yield transformants, but inserts with either eight or eleven repeats did. The cooperative of ARS activity did not require a contiguous arrangement since a plasmid containing two inserts of four repeats each, separated by about 1 kb, was functional. Our results show that a charge from non-function to function can be accomplished by the cumulative action of individually inactive sequences. We conclude that the probability of replication initiation is too low with only four repeats to allow plasmid maintenance, but the overall probability is increased by further sequence iteration to provide origin activity. We suggest that chromosomes may contain streches with dispersed, weak origin elements, each undetected by the conventional ARS assay, that in sum provide origin function.
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    An essential gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae shares an upstream regulatory element with PRP4 (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: RNA processing ; divergent transcripts ; temperature-sensitive mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: ORF2 is an essential gene immediately upstream of PRP4 (formeryl RNA4), a gene involved in nuclear mRNA processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two genes are arranged head-to-head. An 8 base-pair conserved sequences element is found upstream of both genes, as well as upstream of certain other genes that are known to be involved in pre-mRNA processing. Through deletion analysis we have found that both of the conserved sequence elements are important for transcription of both genes. We have cloned ORF2 and have isolated temperature-sensitive orf2 mutants. The phenotype of these mutants does not suggest a role for ORF2 in mRNA processing. The deduced amino acid sequence of ORF2 indicates significant similarity to DPR1, a gene encoding a protein that is involved in the carboxy-terminal processing of G-protein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060407
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    Ornithine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Chromosomal assignment and genetic mapping of the SPE1 gene (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Ornithine decarboxylase ; putrescine ; SPE1 gene ; spe10 mutation ; chromosome XI ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The gene for ornithine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SPE1, has been assigned to chromosome XI by the technique of transverse alternating pulsed field electrophoresis and DNA-DNA hybridization. Genetic mapping by tetrad analysis shows that the SPE1 gene is located on the left arm of chromosome XI, 6 cM from the LAP1 gene and 43 cM from the TRP3 gene. The spe10 mutation previously isolated in this laboratory is mapped to the N-terminal region of the SPE1 gene, and therefore should be designated as a spe1 allele.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060602
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    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060501
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    Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae selectable markers in pUC18 polylinkers (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 363-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Selectable markers ; Plasmids ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A set of plasmids was constructed that contain the yeast selectable markers HIS3, LEU2, TRP1 or URA3 embedded in the multiple cloning site of pUC18.
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    Nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 and val-tRNA genes and surrounding sequences from Kluyveromyces lactis K8 mitochondrial DNAEMBL Accession. No. X15999. (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 403-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Kluveromyces lactis ; budding yeast ; mitochondrial DNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) and val-tRNA genes and surrounding regions from Kluyveromyces lactis mitochondrial DNA is reported. Analysis of the coding regions shows that the codons CUN (Thr), CGN (Arg) and AUA (Met) are absent in this gene. A single sequence, ATATAAGTAA, identical to the baker's yeast mtRNA polymerase recognition site, was detected upstream of val-tRNA. This sequence is absent from regions between val-tRNA-cox2 and cox2-cox1. In addition a sequence AATAATATTCTT, identical to the mRNA processing site in other yeast mitochondrial genomes is present 32-43 bp downstream to the TAA stop codon for the cox-2 gene. Another short conserved sequence of 5 bp, TCTAA, is present upstream of the coding regions of cox2 genes in several yeasts, including K. lactis, but is not present upstream of other genes. Comparison of cox2 sequences from other organisms indicates that the mitochondrial DNA of K. lactis. is closely related to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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    The chromosomal constitution of wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 367-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast genetics ; wine yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosomes ; karyotyping ; aneuploidy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A general procedure is described for determining the chromosomal constitution of industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on analysis of segregation frequencies for input markers among random spore progeny of industrial-laboratory strain hybrids. The multiple auxotrophic haploid testers used carried a dominant erythromycin-resistance marker, allowing hybrids to be selected in mass matings with produced by the wild-type industrial strains. Analysis a number of independent crosses between the haploid testers and an unselected population of spores of each wine strain distinguished between disomic, trisomic and tetrasomic chromosomal complements in the parents. Possible explanations for a significant class of aberrant segregation frequencies are discussed.Results of the analysis indicate that UCD Enology 522 (Montrachet) is diployed and possibly trisomic for chromosome VII; 522X is diploid; UCD Enology 505 (California Champagne) is disomic for chromosome XVI, trisomic for chromosomes I, II, III, VI, VIII, IX, X, XII, XV, tetrasomic for chromosomes IV, XI, XIII, XIV and either trisomic or tetrasomic for chromosomes V and VII; and that UCD Enology 595 (Pasteur Champagne) is disomic for chromosomes I, II, III, IX, XVI, trisomic for chromosomes IV, VI, X, XII, XIV, XV, tetrasomic for chromosomes V, VIII, XI, XIII, and either disomic or tetrasomic for chromosome VII.
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    Characterization of the cytochrome c gene from the starch-fermenting yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis and its expression in bakers's yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 429-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A cytochrome c protein gene, CYC10, of the dextran- and starch-fermenting yeast, Schwanniomyces occidentalis was cloned and characterized. The DNA sequence was determined, and the predicted amino acid sequence of the protein-coding region shares close homologies to the cytochrome c genes. A. S. occidentalis strain with a disruption of the gene revealed that CYC10 was the only functional cytochrome c protein-encoding gene in S. occidentalis, unlike the two cytochrome c protein genes (CYC1 and CYC7) in Saccharomyces cerevisiaear The CYC10 gene was oxygen-induced but not subject to catabolite repression.The expression of the CYC10 gene was studied in the heterologous yeast. S. cerevisiae. The oxygen induction of the gene was found to be identical to that of the CYC1 gene, indecating these two genes share similar or closely related cis- and trans- acting oxygen regulatory elements. However, the CYC10 gene was glucose repressed in S. cerevisiae strains; a phenomenon which was not observed in the native S. accidentalis cells. Search in the 5′ unstranslated region of the CYC10 gene revealed some homologies at -425 to -405 to UAS1 of the S. cerevisiae CYC1 gene. A deletion of a segment of upstream region including this sequence abolished expression in S. cerevisiae.Finally the phylogenetic relationships of different yeasts and fungi were determined based upon the amino acid sequences of the cytochrome c proteins. These relationships do not completely agree with classical divisions.
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    An assay of relative cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cell wall porosity ; permeability ; polycation assay ; cell wall structure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have developed a new assay to determine relative cell wall porosity in yeasts, which is based on polycation-induced leakage of UV-absorbing compounds. Polycations with a small hydrodynamic radius as measured by gel filtration (poly-L-lysine) caused cell leakage independent of cell wall porosity whereas polycations with a large hydrodynamic radius (DEAE-dextrans) caused only limited cell leakage due to limited passage through the cell wall. This allowed the ratio between DEAE-dextran- and poly-L-lysine-induced cell leakage to be used as a measure of cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Using this assay, we found that the composition of the growth medium affected cell wall porosity in S. cerevisiae. In addition, we could show that cell wall porosity is limited by the number of disulphide bridges in the wall and is dependent on cell turgor. It is argued that earlier methods to estimate cell wall porosity in S. cerevisiae resulted in large underestimations.
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    The complete sequence of the 8·2 kb segment left of MAT on chromosome III reveals five ORFs, including a gene for a yeast ribokinase (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 521-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Chromosome III ; sequencing ; gene disruption ; ribokinase ; ARS ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report here the DNA sequence of a segment of chromosome III extending over 8·2 kb. The sequence was determined using the random clone strategy followed by oligonucleotide-directed sequencing. The segments contains five long open reading frames, YCR521, 522, 523, 524 and 526, with only short distances between them. YCR523 (333 codons) endodes a ribokinase, a new function for yeast. YCR526 originates inside the MAT cassette, which is in continuity with the present segment, and extends over 358 codons outside of MAT. YCR524 (923 codons) codes for a putative membrane protein. YCR521, 522 and 524, have each been disrupted by insertion of a URA3 cassette and are non-essential genes. An active ARS element is located within YCR523 or its vicinity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060609
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    Hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor for mitochondrial respiration in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cytochrome c peroxidase ; hydrogen peroxide ; energetics ; yeast ; anaerobic respiration ; chemostat ; mitochondria ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chemostat cultures of a catalase-negative mutant of Hansenula polymorpha CBS 4732 were able to decompose hydrogen peroxide at a high rate. This was apparent from experiments in which yeast was grown under carbon limitation in chemostat culture on mixtures of glucose and H2O2. The enzyme responsible for H2O2 degradation is probably the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP), which was present at very high activities. This enzyme was partially purified and shown to be specific for reduced cytochrome c as an electron donor; no reaction was observed with NAD(P)H. Thus, reducing equivalents for H2O2 degradation by CCP must be provided by the respiratory chain.That H2O2 can act as an electron acceptor for reducing equivalents could be confirmed with experiments in which cells were incubated with ethanol and H2O2 in the absence of oxygen. This resulted in oxidation of ethanol to equimolar amounts of acetate.Energetic aspects of mitochondrial H2O2 decomposition via CCP and the physiological function of CCP in yeasts are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070207
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    Influence of the codon following the initiation codon on the expression of the lacZ gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Translation initiation ; codon usage: mRNA structure ; yeast ; lacZ fusion protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A set of 32 different codons were introduced in a lacZ experssion vector (pPTK400) immediately 3′ from the AUG initiation codon. Expression of the lacZ gene was determined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by measuring the amount of β-galactosidase fusion protein using immuno-gel electrophoresis. A 5·3-fold difference in expression was found among the various constructs. It was found that there was no preference for a certain nucleotide in any position of the second codon and there was no distinct correlation between the level of tRNA corresponding to any particular second codon and expression. No correlation could be found between the local secondary structure and expression. When the overall codon usage in yeast and the codon usage in the second position of the mRNA is compared, there is no obvious significant difference in preference. This indicates that in yeast, in contrast to Escherichia coli, the codon choice at the beginning of the mRNA does not deviate from the one further downstream and is determined by the requirements for optimal translation elongation. Important determinatnts of the optimal context for an initiation codon in yeast therfore must be located mainly 5′ from this codon.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070209
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    Quantitation of readthrough of termination codons in yeast using a novel gene fusion assay (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Translation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; lacZ fusion ; termination ; nonsense suppression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A simple quantitative in vivo assay has been developed for measuring the efficiency of translation of one or other of the three termination codons, UAA, UAG and UGA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The assay employs a 3-phosphoglycerate kinase-β-galactosidase gene fusion, carried on a multicopy plasmid, in which the otherwise retained reading frame is distupted by one or other of the three termination codons. Termination readthrough is thus quantitated by measuring β-galactosidase in transformed strains. Using these plasmids to quantitate the endogenous levels of termination readthrough we show that readthrough of all three codons can be detected in a non-suppressor (sup+) strain of S. cerevisiae. The efficiency of this endogenous readthrough is much higher in a [psi+] strain than in a [psi-] strain with the UGA codon being the leakiest in the nucleotide context used. The utility of the assay plasmids for studying genetic modifiers of nonsense suppressors is also shown by their use to demonstrate that the cytoplasmic genetic determinant [pse+] broadens the decoding properties of a serine-inserting UAA suppressor tRNA (SUQ5) to allow it to translate the other two termination codons in the order of efficiency UAA 〉 UAG 〉 UGA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070211
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    Chemostat studies of microsomal enzyme induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; microsomes ; cytochrome P450 ; sterol demethylase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using cells grown in a chemostat at steady state, the levels of various components of the microsomal electron transport chain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined. Cytochrome P450 haemoprotein levels measured in cells grown in medium with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 15% were induced between 10- and 20-fold over levels in cells grown in medium containing 70% dissolved oxygen concentation. An increase in the dilution rate of a culture growing in medium containing 15% dissolved oxygen resulted in an increase in the residual glucose concentration of the medium. This was paralleled by an increase in the microsomal levels of cytochrome P450. The rise could not be attributed either to increases in the concentration of ethanol in the chemostat or to an increase in the proportion of energy generated using fermentative pathways. However, this effect was not observed in cells grown in an oxygen concentration of 70%. Cytochrome b5 haemoprotein levels were also induced approximately three-fold by reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration from 70% to 15%. Changes in the medium glucose concentration from 0·03% to 1·6% (w/v) had no effect on the levels of this enzyme. Conversely, levels of cytochrome P450 NADPH reductase appeared lower in cells grown in 15% as opposed to 70% dissolved oxygen concentration. Northern slot blot analysis of total RNA extracted from chemostat-grown cells, probed with a C-14 sterol demethylase cytochrome P450 gene (cytochrome P450 LIA1), revealed a pattern of message induction which matched that of the cytochrome P450 haemoprotein, indicating that control of the levels of this enzyme was at least partially transcriptional. Qualitative examination of combined cytochrome P450 apoprotein and haemoprotein levels using Western blot analysis revealed a similar pattern of induction to that observed with Northern blotting.
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    Ribosomal DNA spacer probes for yeast identification: Studies in the genus Metschnikowia (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: rDNA spacer probes ; rapid yeast identification ; Metschnikowia reukaufii ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To test whether DNA probes derived from ribosomal DNA spacer sequences are suitable for rapid and species-specific yeast identification, a pilot study was undertaken. A 7·7 kb entire ribosomal DNA unit of the type strain of Metschnikowia reukaufii was isolated, cloned and mapped. A 0·65 kb BamHI-HpaI fragment containing nontranscribed spacer sequences was amplified and selected for testing as a 32P hybridization probe with total DNA from the type strains of M. reukaufii, M. pulcherrima, M. lunata, M. bicuspidata, M. australis, M. zobellii, M. krissii, five other strains identified as M. reukaufii and strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Hansenula canadensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. The probe hybridized exclsively with DNA from the type strain and four other strains of M. reukaufii. DNA from one strain labelled M. reukaufii did not hybridize with the probe. Subsequent % G+C comparison and DNA-DNA reassociation with the type strain revealed that the non-hybridizing strain does not belong to the species M. reukaufii.
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    Biosynthesis and assembly of alcohol oxidase, a peroxisomal matrix protein in methylotrophic yeasts: A review (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 195-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    Calcium-dependent secretory vesicle-binding and lipid-binding proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiase (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 229-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Lipid-binding proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; secretion ; secretory vesicles ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cytosol was examined for the presence of calcium-dependent membrane- or lipidbinding proteins that might paly fundamental roles in membrane-associated phenomena in stimulated cells. A complex group of proteins was isolated from late log phase cultures of yeast strain YP3 on the basis of calcium-dependent association with yeast secretory vesicles isolated from the temperature-sensitive sec6-4 secretory mutant. The masses of the major proteins in this group were 32, 35, 47, 51, 55, 60, and 120 kDa. A similar group of proteins was isolated by calcium-dependent association with bovine brain lipids enriched in the predominant acidic phospholipids of the yeast secretory vesicles. The 47 kDa protein was highly purified when commerical yeast cake was used as the source of yeast cytosol. The 32 kDa and 60 kDa proteins were demonstrated to reassociate with lipids at calcium concentrations of 100 μM or higher, while no association was promoted by 2 mM-magnesium. The 47 kDa protein could be removed from lipids by reducing the calcium concentration to between 1 and 32 μM. The sequences of peptides isolated from digests of several of these proteins indicate that they are novel proteins but are insufficient to judge the possible homology of these proteins with mammalian membrane-binding proteins. The sequence data may be adequeate to permit isolation and modification of the corresponding genes in order to assess the possible funtion of this class of proteins in stimulated cells.
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    Applications of high efficiency lithium acetate transformation of intact yeast cells using single-stranded nucleic acids as carrier (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cloning genes ; toxic ; E. coli ; non-selective transformation ; co-transformation ; one-step gene disruption ; deletion ; ligation libraries ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The highly efficient yeast lithium acetate transformation protocol of Schiestl and Gietz (1989) was tested for its applicability to some of the most important need of current yeast molecular biology. The method allows efficient cloning of genes by direct transformation of gene libraries into yeast. When a random gene pool ligation reaction was transformed into yeast, the LEU2, HIS3, URA3, TRP1 and ARG4 genes were found among the primary transformations at a frequency of approximately 0·1%. The RAD4 gene, which is toxic to Escherichia coli, was also identified among the primary transformants of a ligation library at a frequency of 0·18%. Non-selective transformation using this transformation proctocol was shown to increase the frequency of gene disruption three-fold. Co-transformation showed that 30-40% of the transformation-competent cells take up more than one DNA molecule which can be used to enrich for integration and delection events 30- to 60-fold. Co-transformation was used in the construction of simultaneous double gene disruptions as well as disrupting both copies of one gene in a diploid which occurred at 2-5% the frequency of the single event.
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    Optimization of Bacillus α-amylase production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; ADHI promoter ; regulation ; heterologous expression ; increased production ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Production of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the multicopy plasmid pAAH5 and ways of improving the yields of secreted enzyme were studied. In standard non-buffered medium, α-amylase was rapidly inactivated but stabilization of the pH at 6 led to stable accumulation of α-amylase in the culture medium. Removal of 1100 bp of the upstream sequence of the ADH1 promoter present on pAAH5 resulted in delayed but increased α-amylase production: 29-fold in selective medium, two-fold in non-selective medium. With the original ADH1 promoter, accumulation of α-amylase in the medium started to level off before the cultures reached stationary phase and was very low when exponentially growing cells were transferred from glucose to ethanol. This coincided with the appearance of a mRNA larger than the α-amylase messenger. With the shortened promoter, the normal-size α-amylase mRNA was detected under all growth conditions and α-amylase was efficiently secreted into the medium also late in stationary phase and after transfer to ethanol. Highest total yields of α-amylase were obtained with the short promoter in non-selective glucose-containing medium; this may be explained by the greater final cell density obtained. However, the production of α-amylase per cell mass was higher in ethanol-containing selective medium. Seventy to eighty per cent of the α-amylase activity was secreted into the medium independent of the total amount produced.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070404
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    Two genes encoding putative mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenases are present in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Kluyveromyces lactis ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; mitochondrial import ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Four structural genes encoding isozymes of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) system in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis have been identified by hybridization to ADH2 DNA probes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this paper we report on the isolation of KlADH4 and the complete sequencing of KlADH3 and KlADH4, two genes which show high homology to KlADH1, the ADH gene previously isolated in K. lactis, and to the ADH genes of S. cerevisiae. When compared with KlADH1, both KlADH3 and KlADH4 encode amino-terminal extensions which show the characteristics of the mitochondrial targeting sequences. These extensions are poorly conserved both at the nucleotide and the amino acid level. Suprisingly, the KlADH4 extension shows a higher identity at the amino acid level to the one encoded by ADH3 of S. cerevisiae than to the KlADH3 presequence. KlADH3 and KlADH4, in contrast to the ADH3 gene of S. cerevisiae, show a strong bias in the choice of codons.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070409
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    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070501
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    Analysis of the expression and secretion of the Candida tsukubaensis α-glucosidase gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Heterologous expression ; S. cerevisiae ; α-glucosidase ; secretion ; maltose utilization ; novel promoter ; Candida tsukubaensis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The α-glucosidase gene of Candida tsukubaensis is contained within a 3·47 kb BamH1-Mlu1 fragment which, when introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 on a yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, allows the transformants to utilize maltose as sole carbon source. Thus, the cloned gene confers a dominant selectable phenotype on transformed strains of S. cerevisiae which are otherwise unable to grow in nutrient media containing maltose, dextrin or other α-1,4-linked α-D-glucopyranosides, specifically hydrolysed by the α-glucosidase. The cloned enzyme expressed in yeast is secreted into the extracellular medium in a glycosylated form which accounts for up to 60% of the secreted protein and has a molecular size of 70-80 kilodalton (kDa). Deglycosylation of the α-glucosidase showed that the enzyme is composed of two distinct polypeptides with subunit molecular weights of 63-65 kDa (peptide 1) and 50-52 kDa (peptide 2). An increase in the level of expression of the α-glucosidase by yeast transformants in selective minimal medium was obtained by using a vector with increased copy number containing the leu2-d gene as selectable marker. The α-glucosidase gene promoter functions more effectively than the Gal1-10 promoter in directing α-glucosidase expression in S. cerevisiae. It also directs the expression of high levels of β-galactosidase activity in yeast when fused to a promoterless E. coli lacZ gene. Expression of the α-glucosidase gene under the control of its own promoter is constitutive, orientation dependent and not subject to catabolite repression.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070503
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    The role of pyruvate decarboxylase in the Kluyver effect in the food yeast, Candida utilis (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 479-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Pyruvate decarboxylase ; yeast ; Candida utilis ; Kluyver effect ; glycosidase ; β-glucosidase ; anaerobic sugar fermentation ; aerobiosis ; anaerobiosis ; activation ; deactivation ; catabolite repression ; enzyme induction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The glucose-fermenting yeast, Candida utilis cannot use the β-D-glucoside, cellobiose, anaerobically, although it is able to do so aerobically. β-Glucoside transport and hydrolysis and pyruvate decarboxylase activities of this yeast were measured aerobically and anaerobically. β-Glucoside transport was five-fold faster aerobically than anaerobically, but there was no corresponding difference in β-glucosidase activity. Pyruvate decarboxylase activity varied greatly, being synthesized de novo in response to the presence of D-glucose and anaerobic conditions and about 50% deactivated on the removal of D-glucose or the addition of air. Activation and deactivation were rapidly reversible. Failure to utilize cellobiose anaerobically, in particular, and the Kluyver effect, in general, probably depends on much reduced glycolytic flux, associated under anaerobic conditions, with (i) lower transport rate, (ii) low substrate affinity of the relevant glycosidase and (iii) deactivation of pyruvate decarboxylase. So, in addition to the complex effects of oxygen, anaerobiosis and specific sugars on induction, repression and derepression, there are fine controls on pyruvate decarboxylase activity, leading to fast activation or deactivation of the enzyme.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070507
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    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070801
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    Obituary (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 773-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070802
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    Four major transcriptional responses in the methionine/threonine biosynthetic pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 781-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Methionine/threonine biosynthesis ; transcriptional regulation ; general amino acid control ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genes encoding enzymes in the threonin/methionine biosynthetic pathwa were cloned and used to investigate their transcriptional response to signals known to affect gene expression on the basis of enzyme specific-activities. Four major responses were evident: strong repression by methionine of MET3, MET5 and MET14, as previously described for MET3, MET2 and MET25; weak repression by methionine of MET6; weak stimulation by methionine but no response to threonine was seen for THR1, HOM2 and HOM3; no response to any of the signals tested, for HOM6 and MES1. In a BOR3 mutant, THR1, HOM2 and HOM3 mRNA levels were increased slightly. The stimulation of transcription by methionine for HOM2, HOM3 and THR1 is mediated by the GCN4 gene product and hence these genes are under the general amino acid control. In addition to the strong repression by methionine, MET5 is also regulated by the general control.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070804
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    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070701
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    Activity of promoter mutants of the yeast ribosomal RNA gene with and without the enhancerThis paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. R. V. Quincey. (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 679-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Ribosomal RNA ; transcription ; enhancer ; promoter ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The promoter and enhancer of the rRNA gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been studied using a nuclease S1 protection assay to detect transcripts of an rRNA minigene in transformed yeast. Analysis of 5′ deletion mutants showed that DNA between - 163 bp and - 155 bp was important for promoter activity and that some DNA between - 155 bp and - 145 bp was essential. The importance of DNA far upstream from the initiation site was confirmed by showing that minigene expression was much reduced by linker scanner mutations clustered around - 148 bp, - 133 bp and - 100 bp, and was abolished by mutations clustered around - 118 bp. The enhancer for rRNA biosynthesis increased transcription from all of the five mutated promoters that were tested. The magnitude of the enhancer effects on weakly active promoters was two- to three-fold less than on the wild-type promoter. Expression of a minor transcript in a 5′ deletion to - 10 bp was substantially reduced by a mutation which altered two base pairs in the core sequence of the promoter-proximal REB1 binding site.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070703
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    The SEC11 gene is situated adjacent to DAL81 on the right arm of chromosome IX in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 757-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome mapping ; nitrogen catabolic genes ; secretion genes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070710
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  • 94
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    Repression of a mating type cassette in the fission yeast by four DNA elements (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 745-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Fission yeast ; mating type expression ; silencer ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, expresses one of two alternative mating types. They are specified by one of two determinants (M or P) present at the mat1 locus. In addition, silent copies of M and P are present on the same chromosome. In the present work we demonstrate that the difference between the active and the silent stage of the P determinant is controlled by four repressive elements that are located at the silent locus. There are two elements to the left and two to the right of the mating type cassette. Both elements to the left and either one of the two elements to the right are required for an effective blockage of transcription. When they are combined, the four elements define a highly efficient silencer functionally similar to the HMRE and HMLE and HMLI silencers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the DNA surrounding the silent P locus confers symmetric partitioning in mitosis to Schizosaccharomyces pombe ars plasmids.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070709
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    Transport of lactic acid in Kluyveromyces marxianus: Evidence for a monocarboxylate uniport (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 775-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Kluyveromyces ; lactic acid ; transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lactic acid-grown cells of a strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus transported D-and L-lactic acid by a saturable mechanism that was partially inducible and subject to glucose repression, with the following kinetic parameters at pH 5·4: Vmax = 1·00 (±0·13) mmol h-1 per g dry weight and Ks = 0·42 (±0·08) mM. Lactic acid transport was competitively inhibited by pyruvic, glycolic, acetic and bromoacetic acids. The latter, a non-metabolizable analogue, was transiently accumulated, the extent depending on the extracellular pH. The pH dependence of the Ks values for undissociated lactic acid and for the lactate anion indicated that the latter was the transported species. Lactate uptake was not accompanied by the simulatate uptake of protons, potassium ions or sodium ions excluding symport mechanisms. Initial lactic acid uptake led to transient membrane hyperpolarization as measured with a fluorescent dye excluding also an electroneutral anion antiport mechanism. It was concluded that lactate anions use a monocarboxylate uniport and that the counter anion, possibly bicarbonate, uses a separate channel, the coupling being electrical and loose.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070803
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    Yeast flocculation: Reconciliation of physiological and genetic viewpoints (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 25-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeasts ; flocculation ; FLO genes ; dsRNA ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; brewers' yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Yeast floccultion results from surface expression of specific proteins (lectins). Two flocculation phenotypes were suggested by physiological and biochemical tests, whereas genetic data suggested a larger number of mechanisms of flocculation. After reviewing the biochemistry, physiology and genetics of flocculation, a new hypothesis combining the data available from these different sources, is proposed.Flocculation results when lectins present on flocculent cell bind sugar residues of neighbouring cell walls. These sugar receptors are intrinsic to the mannan comprizing cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two lectin phenotypes were revealed by sugar inhibition studies. The gluco- and mannospecific NewFlo phenotype is not, as yet, found in genetically defined strains. Mannospecific flocculation (Flo 1 phenotype) is found in strains containing the genes FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8. This phenotype is also found following mutation of the TUP1 or CYC8 loci, in previously non-flocculent strains. It is therefore proposed that the structure gene for mannospecific flocculation is common or possibly unbiquitous in non-flocculent strains and in consequence, FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 are probably regulatory genes, exerting positive control over the structure gene.Flocculation expression requires lectin secretion to the cell surface. Many of the observed ‘suppressions’ of flocculation may be due to mutations of the secretory process, involved in transporting structural proteins to the cell wall.The possible involvement of killer L double-stranded RNA with flocculation is suggested, given the lectin properties of viral coat proteins nad an association between L double-stranded RNA and the Flo 1 phenotype.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080103
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    The complete sequence of a 10·8kb fragment to the right of the chromosome III centromere of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 61-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; chromosome III ; CIT2 ; SUF2 ; tRNA Asn ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The complete nucleotide sequence of the D10H fragment (10850 bp) was determined. The D10H fragment is located on the right arm of chromosome III near the centromere and contains the SUF2 gene. Six open reading frames (ORFs) larger than 300 bp were found. One of them is the CIT2 gene encoding the cytoplasmic citrate synthase. The others are new putative genes and show no significant similarly with any known gene. In addition two tRNA genes (Asn and Pro) and a solo delta element were identified. Two ORFs were disrupted; no peculier phenotype was observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080107
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    Thioredoxin genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Map positions of TRX1 and TRX2 (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Thioredoxin ; TRX1 ; TRX2 ; genetic map location ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The two genes encoding thioredoxims in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TRX1 and TRX2, map to chromosome XII and VII, respectively. From the DNA sequence of the intragenic region TRX1 is 500 bp downstream of PDC1. Tetrad analysis places TRX21·1 cM from ADE3, while a physical map of this region positions TRX2 4·5 kb downstreams of ADE3. The mapping of TRX1 adjacent to PDC1 clarifies previous results (Muller, E. G. D. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 9194-9202, 1991) that suggested a third thioredoxims gene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080206
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    The small heat-shock protein Hsp26 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae assembles into a high molecular weight aggregate (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 95-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Small heat-shock protein ; Hsp26 overexpression ; yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ; heat-shock proteins ; Hsp26-containing high molecular weight aggregate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hsp26 is one the major small heat-shock proteins (Hsp) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae. yet its cellular role remains to be discovered. To examine the cellular consequences of overexpression of Hsp26, the gene encoding this protein (HSP26) was overexpressed from a multicopy plasmid using either its own promoter or by coupling it to the effecient constitutive PGK promoter. The PGK promoter provided the opportunity to overexpress Hsp26 under nonstress conditions and such high level synthesis, prior to a lethal heat shock (50°C), gave a small but reproducible elevation in thermotolerance. In transformed strains overexpressing Hsp26 under either stressed or non-stress conditions, the Hsp26 polypeptide was recovered almost exclusively as a high molecular weight aggregate. This high molecular weight aggregate (or heat-shock granule, HSG) was purified by differential centrifugation and sucrose gradient density centrifugation and shown, by electron microscopic analysis, to be of a uniform size (15-25 nm diameter). Analysis of the purified HSG demonstrated that it had a molecular weight of 550 kDa, yet contained no other integral polypeptides or other macromolecules.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080204
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    Sequence of the sup61-RAD18 region on chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome III ; sup61 ; RADI18 ; chromosome sequening ; Zn finger proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A 7965 bp DNA segment from the right arm of chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encompassing the sup61 and RAD18 genes, was sequenced. Four new open reading frames were found in this DNA fragment. One of them YCR103, is 51% homologous with the G10 gene product of Xenopus laevis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080209
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