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  • Emerald  (2,832)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1995-1999  (3,812)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1997  (3,812)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (3,812)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conceptualizing the dynamics of organizations: foundations for situational analysis (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Complexity of the organizations has created an immense diversity of approaches for research and consultancy. Based on a review of previous work, proposes a new theoretical model for organizational analysis which examines three levels of organizational consultancy. The first level is the level of business organization. The second level focuses on the internal management and organization of resources. The third level examines the individuals and the human behaviour at work. Presents the situational analysis in organization as an evaluation procedure allowing in-depth analysis of problems in work situations. The ultimate goal of this procedure is to enable consultants to map out the key elements for evaluation in work situations and to test existing relationships between different factors considered in organizational re-design. The proposed methodology has been developed as part of a consultancy project based on participant observation and conducted by the author in Bulgaria in 1988.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710168463
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Androgynous leadership style: an integration rather than a polarization (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 166-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Previous leadership studies indicate that stereotypically masculine behaviours characterize task-oriented leadership style and that stereotypically feminine behaviours (relations-oriented leadership style) are devalued. However, it has been frequently observed in the past that organizational goals could not be exclusively achieved by either masculine or feminine characteristics of leaders. Suggests that an integration rather than a polarization becomes necessary for leaders and organizations. That is, an androgynous leadership style can be the most appropriate for achieving high performance in many organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710168643
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolution of a university research department facilitated by a groupware system - Part 1: organizational growth, planning and learning (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents an extended study of the transformation of a university research group into a learning organization. The transformation process was realized during the rapid development of a small group into a medium-sized organization through the addition of major projects, necessitating change from a hierarchy to a matrix organization. Central to the development of the organization and its learning ethos was the introduction of a hypermedia groupware system (PD1). Documents the cycles of evaluation and change up to assessment of PD1. Concludes that the evolutionary transformation of an organization can be a managed and a learning process, involving, and depending on, all participants and their constructive use of an enabling information technology infrastructure in a period of change and transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710182304
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolution of a university research department facilitated by a groupware system - Part 2 (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 18 (1997), S. 244-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses how, in Part 1 the research group was at a "pioneering crisis" stage with considerable role and task ambiguity. An organizational development process was initiated aiming for greater systemization: a matrix structure was introduced and a groupware tool, the plan-document (PD1), was implemented, as part of the group's strategy to develop into a learning organization. States that the plan-document was designed to enable information sharing and co-ordination throughout the group, ranging over the short- and long-terms. Usage was, however, low and PD1 was not widely adopted, although usage varied according to timescales and the personal relevance of objectives. A second plan-document (PD2) was designed, aimed at being more "personal" and accessible, attuned to the new matrix structure and including reporting as well as planning functions. Looks at the introduction of PD2 and evaluates its contribution to the transition of the research group into both a systematized and a learning organization. Posits that groupware can go some way towards helping organizations meet the challenges of an uncertain environment through supporting open access between groups and individuals and fostering the group cohesiveness and interdependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739710182386
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modern macroeconomics and its evolution from a monetarist perspective: An interview with Professor Milton Friedman (1997)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 24 (1997), S. 191-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An interview with Milton Friedman in 1996 - presents his reflections on some of the important issues surrounding the evolution of, and currrent debates within, modern macroeconomics. A world-renowned economist and prolific author since the 1930s, Milton Friedman has had a considerable impact on macroeconomic theory and policy making. Associated mostly with monetarism and the efficacy of free markets, his work has ranged over a broader area - microeconomics, methodology, consumption function, applied statistics, international economics, monetary theory, history and policy, business cycles and inflation. In the interview discusses Keynes's General Theory, monetarism, new classical macroeconomics, methodology, economic policy, European union and the monetarist counter-revolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589710188957
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ISO 9000 quality assurance in Singapore's construction industry: an update (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Five years have elapsed since the introduction of ISO 9000 Quality Assurance in Singapore's construction industry in 1992. By the end of 1996, more than 80 construction-related organizations had secured ISO 9000 certification. In 1995 the Singapore government announced that the larger construction and consultancy firms must secure ISO 9000 certification before 1999 if they are to bid for public sector construction projects. Proposes to determine whether or not local contractors believe that ISO 9000 would reduce the costs of doing business and raise the quality of construction works; and if local construction firms have any quality cost systems in place for the purpose of establishing the relationship between quality assurance and cost savings. Presents the findings of a survey as answers to these questions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809710179999
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surveyors acting as expert witnesses (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 118-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: From 1 March 1997, chartered surveyors acting as expert witnesses must comply with an RICS Practice Statement and Guidance Notes. Failure to do so may constitute a disciplinary matter. Considers how compliance with the Practice Statement should assist in bringing an earlier resolution of survey claims.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809710180032
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    All you wanted to know about dilapidations but were afraid to ask: part II (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 122-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: In part I (Volume 14 Number 3) the author wrote generally about the various legal and practical issues to take into account in preparing or in defending against a Schedule of Dilapidations served in respect of commercial property. Part II examines some of the practical issues considered in the recent case Shortlands Investments Ltd v. Cargill plc and explains how valuations are made under Section 18(1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927 in order to determine the cap on damages to be paid in settlement of a dilapidation's claim.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809710180041
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Back to the future: the market for building conservation skills in the 1990s (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Presents the findings from a preliminary survey of 180 firms which specialize in conservation and refurbishment work on historic structures. Recognizes the growing importance of this subsector of the construction industry in a period when refurbishment is seen as a more attractive option than demolition and planning boards are keen to protect their local heritage. In two parts, the survey covers 100 crafts based companies and 80 structural engineering firms with questions slanted accordingly. Concludes that crafts based companies are generally small, recent in origin, provide a range of skills and do not confine themselves solely to conservation work. The market for the structural engineer in conservation is smaller but lucrative, and firms work closely with the heritage bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809710180087
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding competitors' strategies: the practitioner-academic gap (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 15 (1997), S. 124-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The textbooks are full of explanations of why businesses must understand their competitive arena. There are numerous conceptual frameworks and checklists to assist in this endeavour. Perhaps not too surprisingly, many businesses exhibit only a superficial knowledge of their competitors' strategies and actions, taking little account of their rivals when formulating their own marketing plans. The electronics industry, already the fourth most important industrial sector in the world, is tipped to become the principal growth sector in the next century. A recent survey reveals that in this important industry, companies' attempts to understand their competitors do not always live up to the models of Michael Porter or Philip Kotler.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710165920
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marketing in emerging countries: evidence from a liberalized economy (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 15 (1997), S. 291-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Following a review of the current economic trends in emerging nations, discusses the importance of marketing within the macro and micro contexts of business environments in a typical liberalized economy. Provides a background to changes taking place within the market environments of emerging nations which have instituted policies to liberalize their economies, with a focus on Ghana, which has been hailed as a successful bright star of the developing world. In the context of developing countries, highlights the relevance of marketing and follows this by identifying a number of areas in which effective marketing strategies are gaining increased importance in Ghana's evolving marketplace, and in this context, discusses case studies of three companies which have achieved superior performance as a result of improved marketing practices. Addresses the implications of the changing environment for business and marketing managers of both foreign and domestic firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710184893
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compensatory consumption: why women go shopping when they're fed up and other stories (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 15 (1997), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explores the role and experience of compensatory consumption in women's lives. Conducts the research from a feminist perspective and asks "what are women's lived experiences of compensatory consumption?" This is an under-researched area and yet there are numerous links with other more widely researched areas of consumer research, such as addictive consumption, self-gift giving and compensatory eating behaviour. Compensatory behaviour and consumption is a difficult area to research, however, and therefore reviews the subject in the light of existing literature, so that a research framework may be advanced to enable a greater understanding of the concept. Presents an overview of this research, together with preliminary findings based on phenomenological interviews. Clearly demonstrates the significance of this area of study within consumer research and proposes an agenda for further research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710193172
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planning prospects for industry followers (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 15 (1997), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While the strategic planning process of leaders is well understood, firms in lower market share ranks tend to have a planning process of a follower. Instead of trying to influence their environment, they normally copy the strategies of the industry leader or even serve niches neglected by the leader. Outlines, through numerous examples, the changes followers can make in their competitive profiles to become alternative leaders. The smaller firms may thrive serving a limited demand which would normally be unattractive to the leading firms; the larger company could do well by concentrating on products for market niches that are neglected by the industry leaders. Discusses several implications for small as well as large firms which wish to be followers in their industry. Also examines approaches to attaining long-term economic viability such as forge linkages, protective factors, geographical parameters, personnel policies, product offerings, customer selection, purchasing, production and marketing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710165939
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploring consumer confusion in the watch market (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 15 (1997), S. 164-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Observes that consumer confusion is a concern for manufacturers because it can lead to weakened brand loyalty, a deterioration of brand image and lost sales. Argues that watch manufacturers in particular suffer from consumer confusion caused by product proliferation, imitation strategies and inaccurate/inadequate information. Consumer confusion is also of concern to retailers because it can distort retail image and lead to promiscuity. Reports on an empirical study using the accompanied-shopping method conducted with 30 watch buyers. The study revealed the importance of the retail environment, store loyalty and the salesperson for the clarification of consumer confusion. Discusses implications for marketing action for both watch manufacturer and retailer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710185270
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A gender blind system for promotion in the salesforce (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 15 (1997), S. 28-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explores equity theory and its implications for the promotion system in a sales organization. Argues that the increasing number of female sales representatives will encourage the promotion of women to sales management positions and increase the perception of inequity by male sales managers. Offers several propositions; notes the consequences of perceived inequity; suggests preventive measures; and discusses future research implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710155633
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low involvement brands: is the brand manager to blame? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 15 (1997), S. 60-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that poor brand management has been held responsible for brands with which consumers have low levels of involvement, that is, consumers do not consider them important in decision-making terms, and in consequence appear unthinking and even uncaring about their choices. Argues that if this is the case, then arguably the vast amounts of effort and expenditure invested in brands within many grocery and fast-moving consumer goods is potentially misplaced. Discusses the nature of high and low level involvement decision making for brands. Presents research which shows that the level of involvement is largely determined at the category level not the brand level. It is therefore beyond the scope of brand management to alter these involvement perceptions, unless they are able to create new categories or sub-categories for their brands. Argues that this is the real challenge of brand management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710165867
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information systems development in retailing (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 15 (1997), S. 106-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews an approach to information systems development through the medium of a case study. The case study looks specifically at the introduction of an information technology (IT) system into a well known retail organization. Gives particular attention to how the retailer tried to satisfy its organizational objectives through the introduction of the system. First presents a review of some approaches to integrating business and IT strategies into an organization, examining the steps an organization should undertake to ensure success. Explores this further through the examination of the approach that the retailer itself took to introduce the information technology system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710165902
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The marketing mix in the third age of computing (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 15 (1997), S. 142-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Recent developments in the field of information technology (IT) have led commentators to announce the arrival of a third age of computing in which the computers themselves are being overshadowed by the communications capabilities they provide for individuals and companies. This emphasis on communication places IT at the centre of the marketing agenda as never before, and it is allowing computers to move from tools which support the planning, execution and control of marketing strategies to become integral to the external and internal relationships which marketers must manage. Although the marketing implications of emerging electronic or virtual markets are being discussed, the implications for the management of the marketing mix are often being overlooked. Already many innovative companies are taking advantage of the new generation of technologies to enhance or re-engineer key elements of the marketing mix, giving marketing a leading role in introducing companies to the revolutionary world of third age computing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710165948
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Valuation of specialized public sector assets (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Property management 15 (1997), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-7472
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Local authorities are now constrained to produce asset valuations for accounting and management purposes. Specialized property, for which there is little or no market, has to be valued under the RICS Red Book using the depreciated replacement (DRC) basis. Reviews the consequent requirements of local authorities and the valuation techniques available for producing capital and rental figures, including the latest "S curve rental" method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637479710187053
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing public sector property assets: the valuation issues (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Property management 15 (1997), S. 226-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-7472
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers the nature of local authority assets within the context of overall management objectives. Raises questions about the categorization of public assets and the way in which they are perceived by local authorities. Analyses research undertaken to examine the compilation of asset registers, the methods for the valuation of these assets, the appropriateness of such methods and the resulting explanations of value. Assesses the recently completed exercise undertaken by UK authorities to record their property asset stock and suggests, in the longer term, how such an exercise could be modified to incorporate more appropriate means of valuing some of its assets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637479710187062
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the distributive effects of the 1997 non-domestic rating revaluation in Northern Ireland (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Property management 15 (1997), S. 184-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-7472
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: On 1 April 1997 the rating revaluation of non-domestic property in Northern Ireland came into force, representing a period of 19 years since property values were last reviewed. During that period commercial property values have changed significantly across property types and locations. The primary purpose of the revaluation is not, as one might expect, to increase the total amount of revenue to be raised, but rather to ensure that value-based relativities between properties are fairly reflected. Results from the analysis of changes in Net Annual Values indicate substantial changes in retail and office property values and in addition significant increases in rate liability. Measures the shifts in assessed values and rates liability impact across District Council areas and examines the implications of introducing a transitional relief scheme to cushion the impact of the revaluation. Concludes by recommending that as an ad valorem tax, rates should be based on the regular revaluation of the tax base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637479710367288
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corporate wellness programmes in Singapore: effect on stress, satisfaction and absenteeism (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: The importance of corporate wellness programmes has been recognized by many countries. It is only in recent years that organizations in Singapore have begun to implement wellness programmes on an organization-wide scale. This is also in line with the Singapore Government's recent emphasis on healthy lifestyle and health campaigns for the public. Thus, there is a growing trend for organizations in Singapore to offer wellness programmes. Attempts to establish the benefits which may be reaped from such investment. Describes how findings from the study indicate that employees in organizations with wellness programmes generally have a more positive attitude towards their organizations, express higher job satisfaction and satisfaction with the fringe benefits provided for them. However, no significant differences were found between employees in organizations with and without wellness programmes in terms of level of work stress, self-reported absenteeism rates, satisfaction with working conditions, co-worker relations and accomplishment. As employees are becoming more health conscious, given the benefits of the wellness programmes, recommends that management should not hesitate to adopt health promotion activities in the workplace.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710174801
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Best practice in the Australian Public Service (APS): an examination of discretionary leadership (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 433-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Following an overview of the leadership arena, examines completely the lesser explored concept of discretionary leadership with the view that the phenomenon of downsized, delayered organizations will demand even greater discretionary choices and behaviour from the executives and thereby testing the togetherness concept of co-operation, sharing and working together. A benchmarking survey of the Australian Public Service (benchmarked against a private sector and health management sector database) emphasizes the point of creeping fragmentation in organizations and highlights that the capabilities of cohesion, quality dialogue and cabinet responsibility will be demanded even more from the leadership of today's organization. Gives attention to understanding, practising and developing today's private and public sector leaders in the capabilities of discretionary leadership.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710181209
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Job satisfaction profiles of university teachers (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 27-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Workers, managers and academics had previously been classified on the basis of characteristics of their jobs, especially how they spend their time. Enquires whether university teachers can be meaningfully grouped on the basis of the satisfaction levels which they enjoy on various aspects of their jobs. Using a cluster analytical procedure, groups university teachers in the UK into three: happy workers, satisfied workers and unhappy workers. While the happy workers (67 per cent) and the satisfied workers (14 per cent) form a majority of the workforce, offers suggestions on how to reduce the percentage of unhappy workers (19 per cent) in higher education. In particular, focuses attention on this newer, and possibly very useful, approach of classifying workers, instead of the traditional method based on the criterion of rank alone. Discusses the implications of this new approach for grouping workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710164235
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Team or group? Managers' perceptions of the differences (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 232-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: States that organizations are using teams and groups to an increasing extent yet current researchers often use the terms interchangeably, despite literature indicating both that their processes and outputs may be very different, and that these differences may have important consequences. Examines how, in order to differentiate between management teams and groups based on the descriptions of managers' experience in the workplace, 319 part-time MBA students completed a checklist comprising 149 adjectives. Analyses showed that both teams and groups were best described by separate one factor solutions. Discusses how teams and groups were described equally as "affective", "effective", "energetic" and "flexible"; teams were described as "creative", "innovative", and "well rounded", groups were described as "negotiating", "networking", "persuasive", and "the sum of individual goals". Posits that such characterizations were taken as suggesting that teams create resources and add to their environments while groups manage and redistribute their resources, and further, that teams have stable, valued interpersonal relations but groups do not.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710174838
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
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    Cognitive style as a factor influencing performance of business students across various assessment techniques: A preliminary study (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Using a sample of 103 first year business students at the Waikato Polytechnic in New Zealand, examines hypotheses that students' performance is related to personality style; and that scores achieved in multiple choice assessments are a useful predictor of the likely outcomes for other types of assessments. Cognitive style of students in this research was assessed according to their field dependence-independence personality construct. Shows how two psychological tests, namely, ambiguity tolerance test, and group embedded figures test, were used to determine the personality construct of students. Regression analyses revealed that both psychological tests appeared to be good indicators of students across various assessment techniques. States that, in addition, there was a high correlation between the performance of students among various assessment techniques. These results raise several important questions to business educators, including the fairness of traditional assessment methods, when students with a particular psychological predisposition tend to outperform their peers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710174847
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    Reconciling predictions of decision making under risk: Insights from a reconceptualized model of risk behaviour (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 4-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Reports on a study that examines a model of risk behaviour in which the effects of risk propensity and problem framing are jointly evaluated. Managers from 58 oil industry organizations were presented with hypothetical business decisions involving significant gains and losses, and asked to choose between action alternatives resulting in certain outcomes or probabilistic outcomes. Also evaluates the notion that tendencies towards risk taking are complex, reflecting personality traits, habits and experience. There was support for a historical basis for risk propensity, but risk preferences were not found to be influential. Further, although both risk propensity and problem framing were found to be significant predictors of risk behaviour, there was no support for prospect theory predictions. For researchers, suggests the need to incorporate individual differences into models of risk behaviour. For organizations, suggests the need for management attention to members' risk experiences.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710164217
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    The socialization of high-potential graduates into the organization: Initial expectations, experiences and outcomes (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 118-137 
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    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the expectations of those graduates recruited by organizations for their "high-flyer" programmes. Looks at the socialization process that such graduates are exposed to once recruited and evaluates the adjustment and change processes that graduates experience.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710164208
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    The use of multi-dimensional scaling: a cognitive mapping technique in occupational settings (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 204-214 
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    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: How do individuals structure their knowledge? How does this structure vary as a function of training? What are individuals' implicit theories of personality? How do individuals perceive their organizational culture? These are all important questions facing occupational/organizational psychologists. Describes the technique of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis and shows how it might be applied to these questions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710174829
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    Management of change: technological developments and human resource issues in the information sector (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 319-324 
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    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Considers the changes taking place in the information and library sector - changes which are due, in the main, to fast developing technologies and the resulting information explosion. Traditional skills and methods of working are coming under increasing pressure and are no longer sufficient. Assesses the impact of these information technology changes on information staff, who are having to extend their traditional skills and develop new expertise. Considers staff management issues, especially resistance to change, and the effect of training and communication programmes. Concludes that maintaining the balance between technology and individual needs is the key to success.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710183513
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    The information audit (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 312-318 
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    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Identifies the role of information in a business environment and highlights the problems which may arise from failures in the management of corporate information resources. Introduces the concept of the information audit as a fundamental management tool to identify what information resources exist and the problems arising from gaps, bottlenecks and the duplication in its provision. Discusses the problems such a survey may encounter and the potential benefits arising from a successful implementation. Emphasizes the critical issues of senior management support for the project and the need to align the investigation and the results to strategic objectives. Concludes that the primary purpose of the information audit is to act as a catalyst for organizational change and improvements in the use of information as a corporate asset.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710183504
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    Motivation to manage in Hong Kong: modification and test of Miner Sentence Completion Scale-H (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 401-414 
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    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the construct validity of the Miner Sentence Completion Scale form-H (MSCS-H for hierarchic) as a measure of managerial role motivation theory in Hong Kong. Managerial motivation or motivation to manage has been shown to be a major cause of managerial effectiveness and success in large bureaucratic organizations in the USA and elsewhere. Data were collected from a sample of Hong Kong business students. A three-part questionnaire containing the MSCS-H, demographic and educational background information, and objective measures relating to the MSCS-H and its subscales was used as the research instrument. No significant influence of demographics and educational variables on levels of managerial motivation were detected. As hypothesized, the objective measures including the preference for managerial jobs and employment with a large company positively correlated with levels of motivation to manage. In addition, relevant questionnaire measures positively correlated with the underlying constructs of MSCS-H. Overall, analyses provide further support for the construct validity of the theory's main construct (MSCS-H) in Hong Kong.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710176151
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    Mantra and meanings (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 12 (1997), S. 520-528 
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    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: The word "mantra" is being used increasingly both in general discourse and in business and management literature. As the practice of mantra is an integral part of yoga, starts by briefly discussing the nature of yoga, describing one well known system of yoga, Patanjali's Astanga or eightfold path. Discusses classical use of mantra in the yoga tradition and compares this to present day usage. Raises the question as to why this word has passed into general usage and is prevalent in management and business and discusses possible reasons. It is hypothesized that this phenomenon could be viewed primarily as a linguistic development, or alternatively as indicative of a move towards spiritual values lacking in modern organizations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949710189157
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    Customers' perception of and actual nutritional status of their lunch-time sandwiches (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 371-375 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: States that sandwiches purchased by customers from an outlet in the centre of Manchester (UK) were analysed and a comparison was made between the actual nutritional status of the sandwiches and customers' perceptions of the same. Customers selected, on average, sandwiches which were below the standard nutrient requirement for energy and non-starch polysaccharide. However, they were adequate on other criteria such as iron and saturated fatty acid. Customers with relatively higher nutritional knowledge were no better at judging the nutritional content of their sandwiches, which suggests that customers generally should benefit from clearly presented, easy to understand, nutritional information.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709710195149
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    The new fasces of the fast food market? The potential for consortia in pizza home delivery (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 438-446 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The pizza food service market is becoming increasingly polarized, the independent operators are operating in illiberal market conditions. Presents a taxonomy of competition within the food service market, and suggests that the independent operators could become members of a consortia to improve their position. Gives some of the results of a survey of independent operators, which indicates there are mixed feelings concerning membership.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709710196535
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    Japanese food wholesaling: US comparisons and future issues (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 447-455 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Examines the Japanese food distribution channel structure with special emphasis on food wholesalers and food retailers. Contrasts these two areas with the comparable US functions. Reviews channel inefficiencies in Japan with attention to historical development, regulations, consumer attitudes and food shopping behaviour, transportation and logistics, transportation alternatives, consolidation and new developments, distribution centres and information processing. Presents key issues for Japanese logistics in the future.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709710196544
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    The beef crisis: free trade issues in European law (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 63-69 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Aims to identify the extent to which the reactions of the European Commission and Member States may justifiably sit alongside the aims of the single market and the wider objectives of the EC. Examines the reactions of Member States and the EC in effecting a ban on the movement of British beef and allied products within the context of the principles of free movement of goods and powers in relation to the Common Agricultural Policy. Confirms that, while first impressions may suggest the response of the Commission and Member States goes to the foundations of the single market, the protection is not absolute. The beef crisis provides the opportunity to examine the freedoms which form the foundation of the single market and, in particular, to identify the sensible limitations of those freedoms in the light of wider Community objectives.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709710165205
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    Food safety behaviour in the home (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 97-104 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reports on an evaluation of the food safety behaviour of 108 consumers conducted using direct observation and temperature measurements. Finds that safe cooking practices were used by the majority of consumers, although more than half of the participants cooked well in advance of consumption and few used any method to speed the cooling of cooked food. Some consumers used potentially unsafe practices such as transporting and storing food at the wrong temperature, holding cooked food at ambient temperature for prolonged periods and inadequate re-heating. Identifies great potential for indirect and direct cross-contamination during the preparation of food. Notes some disparity between observed food safety behaviour and self-reported food handling practices.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709710168932
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    An exploratory study into the adoption of capital budgeting techniques by agricultural co-operatives (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 128-132 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Finds that agricultural co-operatives have not been as sophisticated in their utilization of capital budgeting as a planning and financial management tool as have traditional corporations. Suggests that this may be due to the differences in the organizational objectives of the co-operatives and the for-profit corporations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709710169067
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    Complaints handling and staff training by UK food retailers (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 159-167 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Complaints handling is now a marketing tool for retailers. Intense competition within the food retail sector makes it an area for retailers to gain competitive advantage. However, the commitment to complaints handling through employee training is a largely unexplored area. Describes how an in-depth questionnaire was used to survey UK multiple food retailers regarding the existence of complaints procedures; aspects of training such as prevalence, frequency, hours and methods; and the authority to resolve complaints in relation to employee status. Customer and staff communication, as part of the complaints handling process, was also investigated. Seven retailers took part in the survey and included a cross-section of retailers (including one of the major multiples), based on number of branches. Reports the results, which showed that all the food retailers had some form of training. However, this varied with employee status. Generally, training was not given frequently in a formal manner, but on an ad hoc basis. Authority to resolve complaints appears to lie still with senior staff, although customer and staff communication facilities appear to exist. Argues that complaints handling can be effective only with appropriate staff training at all levels.
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    Regional foods: a consumer perspective (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 199-206 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Investigates consumer perceptions of "regional foods" in England. Results show understandings of regional foods to be a complex dynamic of interrelated concepts. Regional foods are defined by place and human-related factors. An implicit factor in attitudes towards regional food is the "perceived authenticity" of the various product attributes by the consumer. Regional foods are characterized as "regional products" (high-value, speciality or hand-crafted products) and "regional recipes" (dishes readily associated with home preparation and cooking). Proposes that findings have implications for marketing, in particular product differentiation and communication. Implications are discussed for food producers and retailers, and recommendations are made for future research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709710181531
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    Organizational buyer behaviour: a study of UK restaurant chains (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 239-243 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The food service sector represents almost two fifths of total household expenditure on food and continues to grow at a pace. While the major part of the food service industry remains highly fragmented, the importance of restaurant chains is increasing. Examines procurement policies adopted by chain restaurants using the buygrid model and presents the findings from six case studies. Concludes that restaurant chains have adopted many of the procurement practices introduced by the multiple retailers (centralized buying and distribution) and tend to look for similar characteristics in their suppliers - volume, quality, consistency and competitive prices. The buygrid model was found to be a good predictor of buyer behaviour among restaurant chains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709710179354
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    Dieting - are nutritional requirements satisfied? (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 99 (1997), S. 339-345 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Discusses diets, notably diets aimed at weight reduction, which appear regularly in women's general interest magazines. Recently there has also been an increase in publications aimed at health promotion or slimming, and in the availability of "slimming aids". The efficacy of some of these has been questioned, and concern expressed over the nutritional adequacy of some diets. Investigates the nutritional adequacy of nine diets drawn from a variety of publications. Most diets were aimed at weight loss, but some were promoted as a "new way of life", e.g. food combining. Energy levels supplied by all diets were below current recommendations, thus weight reduction would be the result of low energy intakes. Overall, the nutritional value of the diets was reasonable.The main concern was low iron intakes supplied by the Food Combining for Health diet, where the diet is followed for long periods.
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    Taxonomy of firms with reference to human resource strategies: Some observations from an employers' survey on women returners (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 26 (1997), S. 43-65 
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    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents the results of a survey of employers, investigating the human resource strategies and policies of firms with particular reference to women returners. Produces a taxonomy of firms with regard to their organizational responses to external environmental change and their external and internal labour market strategies of recruitment, selection and training. Details four types of firm based on their personnel policy. Discusses the implications of this taxonomy for prospective employees, especially women returners.
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    Disentangling organizational commitment: The dangers of the OCQ for research and policy (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 26 (1997), S. 114-131 
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    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Much of commitment research is based on the belief that the concept consists of three different aspects: identification, desire to stay and extra effort. Shows that the three-dimensional concept is misleading. Confirmatory factor analysis suggests that the organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ) is not homogenous, but consists of three separate concepts. This is confirmed by correlational analysis with theoretically relevant variables which reveals that identification, desire to stay and extra effort are associated with different antecedents. The poor research output to date on organizational commitment can be explained by reference to the small weight given to discretionary effort in the OCQ, the most widely used commitment scale. Discusses implications for research and management policies.
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    The nascent European policy towards older workers: can the European Union help the older worker? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 26 (1997), S. 293-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers the reasons for the lack of consensus among the member states of the European Union (EU) on both the scope and extent of an ageism policy. The EU has become increasingly concerned with the problems that are raised by the ageing of the European population. In response to these concerns the EU has began to develop a policy towards older employees. The expectation of the EU is that this policy will help the member states effectively to adjust to the demographic challenge of an ageing population. Assessment of the effectiveness of the approach taken by the EU is made by utilizing economic theories that have been devised by neo-classical and equal opportunities economists. The prospects for the development of a common EU policy on ageism is discussed and its possible impact on companies operating in the EU is explored.
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    Responsibilities for human resource management practices in the modern enterprise: Evidence from Britain (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 26 (1997), S. 333-356 
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    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Proposes to assess the extent to which line management has responsibility for human resource management (HRM) practices in the enterprise. First, addresses a number of theoretical positions that include "traditional", "cyclical" and "secular" approaches and that emphasizing "diversity". Then deploys survey data based on the responses of more than 900 managers in the Institute of Management and located throughout the UK to assess these approaches. Investigates four main areas: employee involvement, training and development, rewards and work practices. Reveals that with the partial exception of rewards, line management is found to be dominant in most areas. However, this pattern is likely to have been historically the case rather than representing a "new wave" or movement associated with the rise of HRM itself.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483489710176039
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    The consequences of competence: a critical assessment of the Management NVQ (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 26 (1997), S. 428-444 
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    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents a critical account of the implementation of the Management NVQ in three case study companies. Deals with two main themes: first, the way in which the candidates reacted to the management standards, reinterpreting their own roles and adopting the concept of a "real" manager, and second, the way working towards the NVQ changed the candidates' work practices. The "paradox of consequences" inherent in the qualification is highlighted as the apparently rational and "relevant" competences result in distinctly irrelevant activities and it is argued that, rather than representing a model of best practice the "management competences" are, at best, irrelevant and at worst, actively harmful.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483489710188865
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    A flexible future for older workers? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 26 (1997), S. 258-273 
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    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explores the extent and patterns of age discrimination within a changing workplace context, and specifically focuses on how employment flexibility may be used to the mutual advantage of employers and older workers. Results are presented from two large-scale national surveys conducted with the Institute of Personnel Management (1994, n = 1,700) and the Institute of Management (1995, n = 1,665). Case study research conducted with Ford/XR Associates, J. Sainsbury and the UK National Health Service is also reported. Research shows that although age discrimination in employment remains extensive, an innovative approach to the recruitment, utilization and retention of older workers may bring a series of positive joint gains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483489710172060
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    Age discrimination and public policy (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 26 (1997), S. 307-318 
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    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews government and employer policies towards older workers and shows that there has been a massive decline in economic activity among older workers over the last two decades. The major cause is identified as economic recession which has encouraged employers, with the support of government, to target older workers for redundancy. In addition, older workers have been over-represented in declining industries. Once out in the labour market older workers face considerable age discrimination. Recently, population ageing has encouraged all political parties to revise their policies on age and employment. Each now recognizes the value of older workers, although there is fundamental disagreement about the best means of encouraging employers to change their practices. The then Conservative government favoured a voluntary approach while the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats have been more favourably disposed towards comprehensive legislation outlawing age discrimination. Argues that a combination of both approaches is desirable and, moreover, that it will also be necessary to revise policies on training, pensions and social security.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483489710172097
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    Evaluating quality and reputation of human resource management (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 26 (1997), S. 377-394 
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    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports that the evaluation of organizational units is of great importance for the organization. However, we face severe difficulties when conducting such processes, especially with regard to the human resource management (HRM) department. Discusses conventional approaches to such evaluation, focuses on their limitations, and suggests a new method for such an evaluation. The suggested method is based on an additive measure comprising HRM practices carried out in the organization. It was applied in an empirical study in which the HRM quality of 51 organizations was evaluated by four different sources: the organization's top management, the organization's employees, the environment (assessment of reputation), and an objective measure that was established based on the suggested approach. Concludes that, among the set of intercorrelations between the sources, the last one had the highest correlation with the others, which may indicate the value of the suggested method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483489710176057
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    German co-determination - Quo vadis? A study of the implementation of new management concepts in a German steel company (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 27-37 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the pressures on the German co-determination system in the context of the introduction of total quality management (TQM) in a German steel company. The case is a particularly interesting research site because the German steel industry is regulated by the most extensive co-determination laws in Germany and the German company in question is French-owned, enabling comparisons to be drawn with the introduction of new management methods in France. Outlines the positions of the works council and labour director towards TQM and the difficulties that they experienced when it was introduced. Concludes by portraying two possible scenarios of the effects of new management techniques on German co-determination.
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    Employment relations in small service organizations: The case of general practice (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 67-80 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The changes brought about by the new professional contract (1990) and the NHS reforms of 1991 are creating larger general practices which increasingly are seen as - and see themselves as - small businesses. As such the performance of practices will depend in part on their being able to manage employment relations effectively. Explores the nature of the employment relationship in general practice and reports the findings of a national survey of staff management procedures. While size is shown to have an important influence on structural arrangements, concludes that the future pattern of employment relations will crucially depend on the development of the management role in general practice and its articulation with established interests inside and outside the practices.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710163598
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    Constructing a new reward strategy: Reward management in the British construction industry (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 128-146 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews reward management practice in the construction industry, based on a postal survey of larger construction firms. The research results provide little evidence of thorough-going use of reward management to encourage and reinforce organizational change. Collective agreements survive for manual employees. Non-manual employees are loosely grouped in broad-banded grading structures with significant scope for managerial discretion in the treatment of individual salaries. However, there is little evidence of developed performance management systems. The absence of more formalized reward systems may provide a short-term benefit in allowing considerable flexibility but may have negative implications for long-term productivity, the control of wage costs and the availability of skills. Given the uneven gender balance, existing pay systems could also give rise to claims for equal pay.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710171021
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    Doing yourself out of a job?: How middle managers cope with empowerment (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 147-159 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Looks at the effect of modern empowerment policies on middle management. The transition of middle managers from technical experts to coaches, and the position at the sharpest point of conflict between senior management and employees, means that empowerment often requires middle management to implement a policy which threatens their own jobs. Based on 28 management interviews and five focus groups held within two large UK organizations between 1995-1996, this research seeks to to answer three central questions: How does empowerment affect middle managers? What coping mechanisms do they use? What are the implications for the organizations? The results show that, in line with previous literature, managers are resisting empowerment policies to some extent. However, the added fear of redundancy among middle managers means that they are, to varying extents, beginning to "act" their compliance to empowerment affecting the ultimate success of such initiatives.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710171030
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    Performance-related pay and trade union de-recognition (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 208-221 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Performance-related pay schemes which link salary to the result of an individual appraisal of performance in the job, have spread extensively over the past ten years. Draws on a national survey of trade unions and survey and case study data from local governement to examine the extent to which the spread of such schemes has been associated with union de-recognition. Concludes that in many cases unions have been excluded from influence over performance-related pay and suggests that there may well be a cost for employers in union de-recognition as schemes appear less rigorous and more informal where there is an absence of union influence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710176954
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    From check-off to direct debit? Trade union subscriptions in UK universities (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 265-277 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines trade union subscriptions in relation to the 1993 Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act focusing on the Association of University Teachers, where the relationship is examined between subscription payments and hypothesized factors relating to staff, union and institutional characteristics. Finds significant indicators include staff grade, age, gender, the number of part-time staff, a substitution effect in relation to check-off together with a quadratic association for union density. Given this series of findings the continued dominance of check-off as the favoured method of subscription payment, within the confines of this study, appears to be problematic.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710176981
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    The management of individualism in an Australian mining company (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 337-351 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Over the last decade, there has been a growing debate about the relationship between industrial relations, human resource management and business strategies. For management, this involves an ongoing reappraisal of the balance between individualism and collectivism and a critique of third party intervention in the employment relationship. Describes a case study of CRA/RTZ in Australia and New Zealand and the managerial strategy used to deconstruct collective industrial relations through the use of standardized individualized contracts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710170077
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    Part-time work in Europe (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 555-567 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Seeks to contribute to the flexibility debate by addressing the following research questions: What are the European trends pertaining to the use of part-time workers? How has the situation changed over the past three years? To what extent do organizational characteristics, such as size, unionization and sector, impact on the nature and extent of part-time employment? Despite recent attempts by the European Union to bring to the fore the issue of working time, it has a rather long pedigree in labour management literature. The main arguments dictating the direction of change in working time arrangements are associated with discretion/choice debates, labour force changes, equality issues, technology and organiza-tional efficiency and the unemployment/work-sharing argument. Focuses specifically on one workforce variable, namely part-time work. Believes that the classification of the labour market into the core (typical) and periphery (atypical), in the context of labour flexibility, is far too simplistic. Refers to how it has been argued in the literature that the components of the peripheral workforce possess different characteristics and cannot be lumped together.
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    Equity, equality and need as determinants of pay allocations: A comparative study of Chinese and US managers (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 309-320 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Involves a role-play in which Chinese and US managers allocate a hypothetical bonus to a work group. Indicates that Chinese managers employed three distributive rules (i.e. equity, equality and need) placing greatest emphasis on equality. In contrast, US managers employed two distributive rules, equity and equality, placing the greatest emphasis on equity. Chinese managers placed significantly greater emphasis on the need rule than did US managers, although very small amounts were allocated on the basis of need. Discusses implications for appropriate pay design.
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    Achieving zero defects: The case of Star Union Engineering, Singapore (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 374-387 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines TQM implementation in Star Union, a small manufacturing firm, and offers insights into how its "dynamic equilibrium" system drives the development of its employees and provides the link between corporate quality culture and performance. TQM ideology is diffused through a unique management and employee relations philosophy as well as the adoption of innovative mechanisms. Provides a useful reference for managers attempting to improve organizational effectiveness.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710170103
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    Taiwanese labour management in China (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 365-373 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Interviews of 40 Taiwanese factory managers in China reveal problems with local workers, unanticipated because of the assumed shared language and culture. Problems include poor job commitment or work discipline, high turnover rates, disinterest in learning new skills or job advancement, pilferage, intergroup hostilities and poor training and education. Unable to import worker management methods and systems they had been using in Taiwan, the managers have adopted production-based remuneration, fines, employee education, and attention to employee welfare and satisfaction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710170095
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    The "non-permanent" reality! (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 535-554 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Looks at how the rise in the use of non-permanent employees has stimulated much debate concerning the long-term impact on the success of organizations and skill development at the organizational and national level. Draws on internationally comparable data from 12 countries to explore the relationship between non-permanent work and organizational profitability, workforce expansion and investment in employee training and development. Argues that national contextual conditions, in terms of employment legislation and training traditions, and the management of non-permanent workers are important factors affecting the efficiency outcomes associated with using this particular flexible employment option.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710193090
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    The future for Hong Kong trade unions: What can they learn from the British trade unions' experience of adversity 1979 to 1997? (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 466-495 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses how since 1970, the colonial government in Hong Kong has exercised its wide legal powers over trade union organization and activities in a benevolent manner. Whether the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government will continue this policy is uncertain: the new government may enforce the trade unions' legal framework more rigorously. UK trade unions proved themselves reliant and adaptable in the face of a wide raft of legislative "reforms", brought in by Conservative governments in the 1979 to 1997 period, which laid down strict templates for their internal decision-making processes. Suggests that the "survival lessons" learned by the UK trade unions during this period of hostile government may be of help to Hong Kong trade unions which face future challenges.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710186340
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    Flexible working patterns: towards reconciliation of family and work (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 19 (1997), S. 581-595 
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    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Observes that historically, family and work were not separated in pre-industrial societies in which life was a united whole, but that family and work are gradually becoming separated in industrial societies, as work becomes dependent, production becomes centralized, and the relationship of the individual with work impersonal. In Greece there is still some evidence of close relations between family and work due to the large number of very small family firms and the high proportion of the population working in small family farming lots. However, a large percentage of the population work in full-time traditional jobs. Flexible working patterns such as part-time, flexi-time, annual working hours, parental leaves, job sharing, variable working time, telework, condensed working week, as well as contract, pay and task flexibility are not so extensively used in Greece and it is only since 1990 that they are gaining ground. Flexibility at work is a major tool in enhancing economic performance, fighting unemployment and promoting competitiveness. Apart from that, flexibility is needed because it can prove very useful in harmonizing family life with work obligations, provided it takes into consideration family needs, parental obligations and the right of employees to a better quality of life. Presents the current situation on work flexibility in Greece and examines these aspects of flexibility which can prove useful not only in enhancing economic performance but in providing better conditions for the reconciliation between family and work.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459710193126
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    Overview: World Bank policy research on vocational education and training (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 18 (1997), S. 6-28 
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    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports that although the results of the World Bank's programme of policy research on vocational and technical education and training are available in published form, the process through which these publications are developed is known only to those directly involved. Asserts that the process of policy research is as important as the product. Reviews the policy study programme and research conducted or sponsored by the World Bank and other international agencies. Reviews the literature and addresses key policy areas with recent information.
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    Financing training: issues and options (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 18 (1997), S. 29-62 
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    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Appraises the scope for cost-effective government intervention into the mobilization of resources for training, examining measures catalytic in nature as well as direct interventions. Asserts that economic recession and shrinking government revenues have led to a reconsideration of the role played by the state in training provision and to a growing acknowledgement and appreciation of the role of the private sector. Suggests that although the documentation is incomplete, the government is, and has always been, the junior partner. Discusses how training is financed by the private sector. Analyses situations where privately financed training provision may be sub-optimal in scale and where there are grounds for government intervention. Addresses the issues of how best to provide financial incentives and mobilize the resources required for financial intervention.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437729710169283
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    The new information technology - international diffusion and its impact on employment and skills: A review of the literature (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 18 (1997), S. 119-159 
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    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The technological revolution is creating new goods and services and altering how and where they are produced. One of the principal issues for all countries is how these new technologies will affect employment and the composition of skills demand. Surveys the literature to attempt to answer three main questions: to what degree are the new technologies becoming diffused around the world? How much do they reduce, or increase employment? And do they reduce, or increase, the skills required in the labour force? Touches briefly on implications for educational policy. The survey suggests that because of new technologies, new organizations of production, changing employment conditions and the development of new sectors of production, the complementarity of general, formal schooling, in-plant training and learning-by-doing to capital investment are increasing over time and that general schooling plus on-the-job training is more complementary to new technologies than is vocational schooling. The former combination is more likely to give workers the flexibility they need in such changing conditions.
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    New challenges to vocational training authorities: Lessons from the Latin American experience (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 18 (1997), S. 160-184 
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    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Long-standing vocational training institutions in Latin America countries are undergoing significant transformation to improve their relevance, efficiency and effectiveness in responding to the challenges of increased competitiveness, economic restructuring, technological change and evolving social demands. Based on an extensive survey conducted in 1990, reviews and analyses the recent changes and innovations taking place in such organizations, focusing on their institutional policies, strategies, programmes and services delivered. Trends show that training authorities are evolving towards: (1) emphasizing in-service training; (2) up-grading the level of training; (3) organizing training by economic sectors; (4) transferring training delivery to enterprises; (5) focusing on direct support to small-scale enterprises; and (6) taking on new roles in technology transfer. national training authorities have thus managed to strengthen their linkages and legitimacy with enterprises against a background of reduced public funding and mounting pressure from enterprises to satisfy their increasing and more diverse demands.
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    Enterprise training (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 18 (1997), S. 185-205 
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    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Based on a background paper on the same subject, written on invitation by the World Bank, as a contribution to a general policy review on vocational and technical education and training. Draws primarily on the practical experience of the author and several of his colleagues in the International Training Service during the period 1961-87 and on his personal consultancy activities since 1987 in a wide range of developing countries in addition to the UK. Pursues the following main themes: practical guidelines for developing enterprise training strategies and policies; the role and training of the enterprise trainer and the industry level training adviser; criteria for determining the location of training and the resources needed for it inside and outside the enterprise; financing training and measuring its results; and the special problems of training in the small enterprise. Focuses throughout on case examples and practical experience rather than on other people's theories.
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    Planning for vocational education, training and employment: a minimalist approach (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 18 (1997), S. 206-227 
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    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper addresses the scope and content of planning for vocational education, training and employment in developing countries. Its premiss is that, since planning uses scarce resources, it should be engaged in as little as is necessary to maximize efficiency and economic growth. Although the premiss of the paper is the need to economize on scarce planning resources, minimalism will not necessarily mean less planning. Rather, planning will need to be better and, above all, more useful.
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    Future age-conscious manpower planning in The Netherlands: From early retirement to a new perspective on the elderly? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 18 (1997), S. 232-247 
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    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The population of The Netherlands will, as in other industrialized countries, continue to age in the coming decades. So far, the working-age population has not been affected, but the ageing process is set to leave its mark on the labour force in the next 25 years. An ageing labour force and possible future policy measures in this area will have important repercussions for individual organizations. Research into future trends has shown that the percentage of people aged over 50 in public service will increase from 15 per cent in 1995 to 35 per cent in 2010. Policy measures aimed at stimulating the labour force participation of the elderly will boost this percentage even further. The elderly employees not only hold the highest positions, but also they withdraw from the workforce in limited numbers. Unless the number of jobs is increased, opportunities for promotion and entry into the Civil Service are likely to decline. The only way to counteract an ageing workforce - even if only to a limited degree - is to encourage the retirement of elderly employees and/or to significantly boost the number of jobs within the organization. Such measures would run counter to current political trends. An alternative would be to reassess the position of the elderly within the organization.
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    Human resource policies in two Japanese retail stores in Hong Kong (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 18 (1997), S. 281-295 
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    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the human resource (HR) policies adopted by two Japanese retail stores in Hong Kong. Finds that the two Japanese retail stores employ different HR policies in terms of recruitment and selection, remuneration and welfare, and training and development for different groups of employees within the same Hong Kong operation. The implementation of the different HR policies for different groups of employees is attributable, first, to the influence of the parent company's environment - socio-economic conditions, characteristics of the top management, corporate strategy and use of technology in the parent company; and, second, to the different types of employee in the two stores in Hong Kong - the male and female expatriates among the parent-country nationals (PCNs), and the professionals with high levels of skill, full-time managers and employees with lower level skills, and part-time employees among the home-country nationals (HCNs).
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    Integration of robots into intelligent control systems (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 24 (1997), S. 58-61 
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    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: States that intelligent manufacture requires robots to be quickly reprogrammed and reconfigured to differing manufacturing requirements. Key to this is the control system architecture. Proposes a control system utilizing three networks suitable for time critical, fast messaging and high throughput data respectively. Discusses the technologies to be used are discussed along with the functionality required.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710162700
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    Pointing the way to intelligent automation (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 24 (1997), S. 35-38 
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    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Outlines talks given at a masterclass organized by the Institution of Electrical Engineers on the theme "Intelligent automation and robotics" at Bristol University in October 1996. Briefly states the content of several speeches on subjects including: brain and perception skills; machine learning and real-time control from smart machines to intelligent systems; and skilled automation and applications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710162647
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    Development trends of three-dimensional waterjet cutting systems (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 24 (1997), S. 24-29 
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    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The past five years have seen a significant improvement in the reliability and the acceptance of two-dimensional abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting systems. Across all of the major industrial countries in Europe, one can now find any number of job shops or custom cutting centres offering AWJ cut parts. Three-dimensional AWJ cutting systems were first introduced into the aerospace industry. The AWJ machines used to cut aerospace parts were mainly limited to large-frame, cost-intensive five-axes units dedicated to the aerospace industry. Recently, a select few of the well-established users of two-dimensional AWJ cutting systems have acquired three-dimensional AWJ cutting systems. New, lower-priced systems combined with innovative configuration options, improved programming techniques, advanced automation and accuracy have taken three-dimensional AWJ to another level. Discusses the recent developments in three-dimensional AWJ systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710162629
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    Correlates of under-employment among recent business school graduates (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 18 (1997), S. 627-635 
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    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The job training schemes have been and still are important for the supply of labour to cultural institutions in Denmark. Particularly the young and experimental cultural manifestations are depending on labour market subsidies for their development and survival. Discusses the clashes, cultural, labour market and industrial policies, each representing particular objectives which cannot easily be co-ordinated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437729710186455
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    Moulding, automation, robots: a winning combination for Bose (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 24 (1997), S. 229-230 
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    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Shows how a manufacturer of component quality loudspeakers has introduced plastic injection moulding into its manufacturing competence profile and also automation through the use of robots. Lists the criteria used for robot selection and summarizes the benefits reaped from robotic automation for an in-house captive moulding operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710167435
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    Robotization of coal harvesting in open cut lignite mines (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 24 (1997), S. 376-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Presents a summary of research which is currently being conducted at Monash University - Gippsland Campus. The research aims at the automation of coal harvesting at a major Australian open cut mine. This mine is located at Morwell, Victoria and produces brown coal (lignite). The coal from this mine contributes significantly to the power generation in Victoria. The research aims to provide a computer assisted remote operation of mining machines and services. Also, this research aims at developing an intelligent unmanned mining system using robotics technology. Also discusses the method of robotizing such a mine for maximum economic efficiency and the proposed control configuration for the system. Describes the current automation project, which is to achieve the required alignment between the robotized mining machine and the hopper by employing a reactive/adaptive fuzzy control system for maximum economic efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710177191
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  • 80
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    Approaches for commissioning time reduction (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 24 (1997), S. 62-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: States that manufacturing lines cannot be used for production during commissioning and that it is therefore always the goal to reduce the necessary efforts to a maximum extent. Starts with a description of the state-of-the-art in this field based on the situation in the automotive industry. Additionally lists RTD fields to overcome these problems. Goes on to present methods and software tools aiming at a tremendous decrease in efforts required today.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710162719
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  • 81
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    The seven value stream mapping tools (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 46-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Develops a new value stream or supply-chain mapping typology. This seven-map typology is based on the different wastes inherent in value streams. The use of the various tools, either singularly or in combination, is therefore driven by the types of waste to be removed. The tools themselves are drawn from a range of existing functional ghettos such as logistics, operations management and engineering. Maintains that two of the seven tools can be regarded as completely new. This cross-functional approach means that the choice of tools to be used can be made from outside of traditional departmental boundaries, affording researchers and companies the opportunity to use the most appropriate tools rather than merely those that are well-known in their function. Describes each tool briefly and gives a simple mechanism for choosing which is most appropriate to contingent situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710157989
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  • 82
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    Optimal allocation of arrivals to a collection of parallel workstations (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 305-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents a model that minimizes an aggregate measure of waiting times and queue lengths for a collection of workstations. Shows that the naïve allocation of arrivals among workstations in proportion to their processing times does not result in an optimized system. Uses the Lagrange multiplier in determining the proportional distribution rate that minimizes waiting times and queue lengths in a collection of workstations. Finally, shows the effectiveness of this model through analytical methods and computer simulation applied to a series of sample cases and an application problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710159923
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  • 83
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    New trends in parallel machine scheduling (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 326-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews some new trends in parallel machine scheduling (PMS). PMS, as an area of research, is governed by questions that arise in production planning, flexible manufacture systems, computer control, etc. The main characteristic of these problems is to optimize an objective, with jobs to be finished on a series of machines with the same function. Gives a short review of new developments in PMS associated with the problems of just-in-time (JIT) production, pre-emption with set-up, and capacitated machine scheduling. Discusses non-regular objectives oriented by the JIT concept; pre-emption with set-up; capacitated machine scheduling; and relationships between PMS and vehicle routeing problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710159932
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  • 84
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    The market, technological and industry context of business process re-engineering in the UK (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 344-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Attempts to contextualize the current high level of interest in business process re-engineering (BPR) in UK business and industry. Reviews a number of surveys of UK business involvement with BPR and suggests long-term secular trends in the business environment of Western firms that seem likely to have encouraged its use. Presents a brief history of the development of BPR to date, examining some of the seminal works on BPR and highlighting the major debates currently found in the literature. Examines the novelty of BPR in relation to other, more established, management approaches, with particular emphasis on the similarities and differences between total quality management and BPR. From case studies reported by UK businesses in the literature and popular press, concludes that: a large number of applications are found in the financial services sector; there is a notable absence of BPR case studies in SMEs; and there is a lack of information available about the failure rates of BPR projects in UK businesses. Identifies several areas where further research is required. Concludes that BPR addresses the need for established enterprises to move to a new organizational paradigm, from one focused on functions to one focused on processes. This need to change has been brought about by the advancing capabilities of information technology, increased levels of competition, the increasing sophistication of consumers and the threats posed by new entrants who have already adopted radically different modes of operation. Since these forces for change appear to be long-run tendencies in developed economies, BPR cannot be viewed as a passing fad.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710159941
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  • 85
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    A stepped composite methodology to redesign manufacturing processes through re-engineering and benchmarking (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 375-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Describes the redesign of manufacturing processes through re-engineering and benchmarking. Demonstrates how to redesign an existing process and make it more effective to fit the needs of existing and future customers better. A four-step composite methodology was adopted and implementation was carried out in six phases. Considers all aspects of the implementation: the initial analysis of the process of an existing manufacturing system; process redesign; implementation; and performance measurement. Measures the performance of the resulting process system using quantitative indicators which include process cycle times and saving of overheads. A maximum 33 per cent of accumulative improvement in turnaround time and a 50 per cent saving of the supervision overhead were observed. Discusses other features, such as increased commitment from top management, increased customer satisfaction, stronger team spirit, increased worker satisfaction, and innovativeness, which cannot be measured directly, and shows them to be major factors behind the successful implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710159969
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    A spine layout design method for semiconductor fabrication facilities containing automated material-handling systems (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 490-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A bay configuration arranged along a central spine and served by an automated monorail material-handling system are common designs for the layout and material-handling system in new semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities. Investigates the facility design problem in semiconductor fabrication facilities and proposes a procedure to determine the optimal spine layout design, given a design of the material-handling system. Explains and tests the procedure to demonstrate the use of the model for solving semiconductor facility design problems. The procedure is applicable for the important semicondutor industry as well as in other facilities that use a central spine layout configuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167212
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    Towards the manufacturing enterprises of the future (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 502-521 
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    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents a table comparing business process for the future manufacturing enterprises with a set of mapping techniques and methodologies. The first section is a brief introduction about the current situation for many European manufacturing companies. After that, describes the process-based organization and a set of generic processes. Presents two key processes which were identified for each of five enterprises of the future suggested by Puttick. Following this, gives a description of the most common techniques and methodologies currently used, together with an evaluation of them. The table obtained by matching the processes with the techniques can be used as a guide when choosing the most suitable mapping technique or methodology for a enterprise's key processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167221
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  • 88
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    Integrated performance measurement systems: a development guide (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 522-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The performance management process is seen as a closed loop control system which deploys policy and strategy, and obtains feedback from various levels in order to manage the performance of the business. The performance measurement system is the information system which is at the heart of the performance management process and it is of critical importance to the effective and efficient functioning of the performance management system. Research identifies two critical elements with respect to the content and structure of the performance measurement system. These are: integrity and deployment. The viable systems model (VSM) provides a framework for assessing the integrity of the performance measurement system. The reference model developed for integrated performance measurement systems provides a framework against which performance measurement systems can be designed and audited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167230
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  • 89
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    Supplier alliance success and failure: a longitudinal dyadic perspective (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 539-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Many firms have entered into strategic supplier alliances as a means of leveraging technology and as part of their continuous improvement efforts. The advantages and disadvantages from such an approach and the implementation problems are well known. However, knowledge of how these relationships evolve and dissolve over time is weak, hindered in part by cross-sectional and a one-perspective approach to empirical research. Presents the results from a survey based study of matched buyer and supplier pairs over time. Examines negative and positive trend relationships for predictive and explanatory causes. Data did not support the theory that the subordinated use of power can help to explain continued success and satisfaction with the relationship nor did negative trend relationships necessarily mean dissatisfaction. However, negative trend relationships appear to be predictable based on overly optimistic expectations that the benefits from such efforts will be forthcoming and reluctance on the part of buying firms to share information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167249
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    Control: a contested concept in TQM research (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 558-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Increased control of the process through, for example, reduction of special and common causes of variation, is fundamental to total quality management (TQM), yet this is one of the main areas targeted by its critics. However, there appears to be much misunderstanding between those from the operations management and quality management fields and those with human resource management and industrial relations backgrounds of the perception of the concept of control. Attempts to clarify some of the misunderstandings and widens what can be argued to be the somewhat "blinkered" views of those writing on TQM, both advocates and critics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167258
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    The role of purchasing/transportation in cycle time reduction (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 574-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews the literature of purchasing and transportation management to identify factors in the purchasing and transportation processes that influence a firm's ability to reduce total cycle time. Presents a model of these factors to establish a framework for guiding research into comprehensive, systematic approaches to total cycle time reduction. In addition, the total cycle time model serves as a blueprint for practitioners in evaluating, in specific organizations, the effect of the purchasing and transportation processes on total cycle time. Although much of the research reviewed herein dates to the early 1980s its consideration as part of a comprehensive, systematic examination of the total cycle time concept is new.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167267
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    A linear programming model for integrated steel production and distribution planning (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 592-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Develops a linear programming model for integrated production planning based on the practice of a major Canadian steel making company. Considers the entire planning activity in the company as an integrated process involving a number of closely related sub-functions, such as raw material purchasing, semi-finished product purchasing and production, and capacity allocation, as well as finished product production and distribution. The mathematical programming model takes into account production costs, product throughput rates, customer demands, sales prices and facility capacities for optimal production planning. Presents a numerical example based on realistic system structure and practical planning data to illustrate the model. Computation results and analysis show that the integrated methodology is a feasible and practical approach for steel production planning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167276
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    Aligning IT applications with manufacturing strategy: an integrated framework (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 611-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents an integrated framework that would help manufacturing managers to select IT applications (manufacturing management systems) that are best suited to a given process structure and the intended competitive priorities of a firm. The proposed framework is based on the premiss that the process of matching IT applications to competitive priorities involves identification of key manufacturing tasks underlying different priorities and the corresponding process structures. The theoretic-deductive approach is used to link the three vital elements - competitive priorities, process structures and IT applications - in the following application areas: product design, demand management, capacity planning, inventory management, shopfloor systems, quality management and distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167285
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    Operations management research: some reflections on evolution, models and empirical studies in OM (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 655-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Introduces the special issue and starts with an overview of the evolution of OM studies. Examines the development of OM research, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s, both as regards topics and research approaches involved. Reflects on the problems and perspectives of the OM research which has been carried out on this question. Taking into account the fact that empirical research is assuming an increasingly important role in OM, seeks to highlight the need to improve the quality of such research and, especially, that of the survey, in order to support theory development in this field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710175583
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    The limited informativeness of resource discrepancy feedback to designers (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 630-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates the feedback to product designers of engineering and production costs in five industrial equipment firms. Reports that, despite the ubiquity of cost as an important design criterion, and the role that feedback should play in both individual and organizational learning, there were several significant problems: (1) Cost feedback was given as the difference between outcome and estimate in order to remove the effect of external factors, but this feedback then confounded the performance of estimation and design activities. (2) Distributional information in historical cost feedback was usually overlooked. The result was an excessive attention to detailed planning, consistent under-estimation, and persistently negative feedback. (3) Designers and supervisors disagreed about the predictability of costs. Supervisors drew stronger inferences from feedback because they believed particular outcomes were more representative. (4) Engineering cost outcomes had poor reliability owing to the incentives to smooth cost discrepancies over different elements of the design; as a result it was unclear which were the problematic elements and opportunities were lost for calibrating the estimating process. This calibration also suffered from cost measurements being made at a higher level of aggregation than cost estimates. (5) The considerable delays between making design decisions and observing cost outcomes made it hard to learn cost-effective design strategies through experience. There were instances where designers simply never found out how much it cost to engineer and produce their designs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710167294
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    GMRG survey research in operations management (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 686-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Global Manufacturing Research Group (GMRG) is an informal group of researchers conducting operations management research throughout the world. Describes aspects of their survey research on manufacturing practices. Presents the background of the project, a bit about the group itself, and specifics on getting involved in the group. Presents the principles which guided the first and second rounds of the GMRG global survey and the theory underlying their survey instrument and its revision. Finally, provides several details of the research methodology and some of the research findings.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710175600
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    World-class manufacturing project: overview and selected results (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 671-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A number of authors have used terms such as "world-class manufacturing", "high performance manufacturing" and others to describe comprehensive approaches to manufacturing performance improvement. They have broken new ground by introducing the notion of broad, organization-wide improvement approaches, involving many complex interrelationships. However, testing the associated relationships is just beginning. The WCM Project seeks to articulate the practices which are associated with world-class manufacturing and their interrelationships. In this attempt, a number of studies have been conducted, using the comprehensive database developed for the project. Provides a detailed examination of the development and verification of the database, which contains perceptual and objective information about quality, JIT, technology, strategy, organization characteristics and human resource management practices of 42 plants in the machinery, electronics and transportation components industries. It also provides a brief overview of three of the studies conducted as part of this project, dealing with: manufacturing process innovation; the relationship between quality practices and performance; and the relationship between TQM and JIT. Each of these highlights specific practices which are related to performance, as well as relevant infrastructure characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710175592
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    Survey methodology issues in manufacturing strategy and practice research (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 697-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Identifies and discusses a number of methodological issues which can arise in the design and administration of instruments for the purpose of large-scale survey research in manufacturing strategy and practice. Describes two such surveys. Both were undertaken by researchers at IMD, Lausanne, Switzerland. The first was a study of manufacturing strategies in western Europe, while the second was a study of manufacturing practice and performance in Switzerland. A comparison of the approaches taken in the design and administration of the two instruments allows for the identification of a number of methodological issues which are discussed in greater detail. These include sample (sector) selection, respondent preparation, quality assurance for data input, the elimination of bias and gathering of complementary data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710175619
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  • 99
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    Implications of business process management for operations management (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of operations & production management 17 (1997), S. 886-898 
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    ISSN: 0144-3577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Addresses how organizations are approaching Business process management. Following interviews in "leading edge" organizations, qualitative analysis has revealed key themes which may help inform others at an earlier stage in developing their approach to business process management. Presents research propositions, based on these themes, and on a categorization of business processes into operational, support, direction setting and managerial processes. There are implications for operations management in both the probable order of addressing these process categories and in the applicability of techniques and concepts from operations management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579710171217
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  • 100
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    Incorporating structural adhesives into automated assembly (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Assembly automation 17 (1997), S. 15-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-5154
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Claims that, although the use of adhesives in automated assembly is common, the use of structural adhesives is not so. Indeed, the use of structural adhesives can be termed a "new technology". Offers advice on their use and concludes that the benefits outweigh the threat of failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445159710163409
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