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  • Blackwell Science Ltd
  • 2005-2009  (2,581)
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  • 1
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    The Miocene tectono-sedimentary evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea: stratigraphy, structural and paleomagnetic data from the on-shore Amantea basin (Calabrian Arc, Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Science Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: We report on new stratigraphic, palaeomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from the Amantea basin, located on-shore along the Tyrrhenian coast of the Calabrian Arc (Italy). The Miocene Amantea Basin formed on the top of a brittlely extended upper plate, separated from a blueschist lower plate by a low-angle top-to-the-west extensional detachment fault. The stratigraphic architecture of the basin is mainly controlled by the geometry of the detachment fault and is organized in several depositional sequences, separated by major unconformities. The first sequence (DS1) directly overlaps the basement units, and is constituted by Serravallian coarse-grained conglomerates and sandstones. The upper boundary of this sequence is a major angular unconformity locally marked by a thick palaeosol (type 1 sequence boundary). The second depositional sequence DS2 (middle Tortonian-early Messinian) is mainly formed by conglomerates, passing upwards to calcarenites, sandstones, claystones and diatomites. Finally, Messinian limestones and evaporites form the third depositional sequence (DS3). Our new biostratigraphic data on the Neogene deposits of the Amantea basin indicate a hiatus of 3 Ma separating sequences DS1 and DS2. The structural architecture of the basin is characterized by faulted homoclines, generally westward dipping, dissected by eastward dipping normal faults. Strike-slip faults are also present along the margins of the intrabasinal structural highs. Several episodes of syn-depositional tectonic activity are marked by well-exposed progressive unconformities, folds and capped normal faults. Three main stages of extensional tectonics affected the area during Neogene-Quaternary times: (1) Serravallian low-angle normal faulting; (2) middle Tortonian high-angle syn-sedimentary normal faulting; (3) Messinian-Quaternary high-angle normal faulting. Extensional tectonics controlled the exhumation of high-P/low-T metamorphic rocks and later the foundering of the Amantea basin, with a constant WNW-ESE stretching direction (present-day coordinates), defined by means of structural analyses and by AMS data. Palaeomagnetic analyses performed mainly on the claystone deposits of DSl show a post-Serravallian clockwise rotation of the Amantea basin. The data presented in this paper constrain better the overall timing, structure and kinematics of the early stages of extensional tectonics of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. In particular, extensional basins in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea opened during Serravallian and evolved during late Miocene. These data confirm that, at that time, the Amantea basin represented the conjugate extensional margin of the Sardinian border, and that it later drifted south-eastward and rotated clockwise as a part of the Calabria-Peloritani terrane.
    Description: Published
    Description: 147-168
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; structural geology ; syn-sedimentary tectonics ; Amantea ; Calabria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Translated origin spherical cap harmonic analysis (2008)
    Blackwell Science Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The method of spherical cap harmonic analysis (SCHA), due to Haines (1985) is appropriate for regional geomagnetic field modelling as it includes the required potential field constraints and, for a given number of model parameters, describes shorter wavelength features than a global spherical harmonic model. If the origin of the coordinate system is moved from the centre of the Earth towards the surface then the Earth's surface is no longer equidistant from the origin. At the Earth's surface the minimum wavelength described by a SCH model in the new coordinate system is smaller at the centre of the region than at the edge. This method of translated origin spherical cap harmonic analysis (TOSCA) has been applied to regional field modelling for Italy. The method is able to take advantage of the dense distribution of data at the centre of region and the model effectively smooths towards the periphery. The performance of the TOSCA model is discussed in relation to a model derived using conventional SCHA.
    Description: Published
    Description: 253-263
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ground and satellite data analysis ; regional field modelling ; spherical cap harmonic analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Source ambiguity from an estimation of the scaling exponent of potential field power spectra (2008)
    Blackwell Science Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An analysis of the field scaling power spectrum yields useful information about the source distribution, but it is uncertain whether deterministic, random, fractal or mixed approaches have to be used for the interpretation. To this end, the scaling properties of potential field spectra are analysed for a number of different source models of geological interest. Besides the models of Naidu (purely random sources) and Spector and Grant (gross block statistical ensembles) we consider other types of density and magnetization distributions with spectral exponents in the fractal range, such as a single homogeneous body with a random white source distribution. Spectral slopes in the fractal range are obtained. We also study the effects of important natural sources, such as salt domes and sedimentary basins, representing them with simple Gaussians or combinations of Gaussian signals. The same spectral slopes as for gravity signals generated by 3-D fractal source distributions are found for them. Hence the power law decay of the field is not a characteristic only of fractal source models. If a 3-D fractal source distribution is assumed a priori, a way of verifying the goodness of the model is to examine the whitened field at source level. The probability that the whitened field derives from a random white population is estimated for synthetic and real anomalies by applying the usual statistical tests.
    Description: Published
    Description: 311-323
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: fractals ; potential field ; spectral analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Tectonic control over large-scale diffuse degassing in eastern Sicily (Italy) (2005)
    Blackwell Science Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Eastern Sicily (southern Italy) is characterised by the presence of many natural gas emissions (mofettes, mud volcanoes). These gases are mostly carbon dioxide and methane, with minor amounts of helium, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. In this study, the extent and orientation of soil gas anomalies (He and CO2) were investigated on a wide area (approximately 110 km2) located just SW of Mt. Etna. From a structural point of view, this area lays on a typical foredeep–foreland system that marks the boundary between the southern part of the Eurasian plate and the northern part of the African plate in the central Mediterranean. No tectonic structure was revealed in this area by surface geological surveys. Very high soil emissions were found, and their spatial pattern reveals the existence of some active faults all directed about N508E. This direction coincides with that of two major fault systems that cut eastern Sicily and are evident, respectively, NE and SW of the study area. Soil gas data suggest that these fault systems are the expression of a single continuous structural line which is probably responsible for the past and present magma uprise in eastern Sicily. Isotopic values of carbon of CO2 suggest a minor contribution of organic carbon. Moreover, in the highest degassing sites the isotopic values of He found in association with CO2 (He abundance¼11–70 p.p.m.; R/Ra between 6.0 and 6.2) suggest that both gases are mantle derived. The extent of the areas affected by high gas emissions and the amounts of deep CO2 emitted in the investigated area (several hundred tonnes per day) may provide additional supporting evidence of a mantle upwelling taking place beneath this region.
    Description: Gruppo Nazionale per la Vulcanologia Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 273–284
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: CO2 ; diffuse degassing ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 597 bytes
    Format: 866788 bytes
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  • 5
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    An uncommon phreatomagmatic lateral eruption at Etna (Italy): relationship between eruptive activity and sedimentary basement setting. (2008)
    Blackwell Science Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper documents a phreatomagmatic ¯ank eruption that occurred 18 700 100 a BP, on the lower north-eastern slope of Etna during the Ellittico volcano activity, which produced fall and surge deposits. This type of eruption is connected to a sedimentary basement ridge at Etna. The interaction between the rising magma and the shallow groundwater hosted in the volcanic pile overlying the impermeable sediments resulted in phreatomagmatic instead of strombolian activity. Three eruptive phases are distinguished based on ®eld and analytical data: (i) an explosive phreatomagmatic opening, (ii) a main phase producing coarse lithic-rich fallout and a strombolian deposit, and (iii) the ®nal pulsating surge-forming phase. The discovery of this phreatomagmatic ¯ank eruption, which occurred at lower altitude, raises important issues for previous hazard assessments at Etna.
    Description: University of Catania
    Description: Published
    Description: 235-240
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna ; phreatomagmatic eruption ; hazard assessment ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turkish college students’ attitudes towards money (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This research was carried out with 300 Turkish college students in Ankara in order to investigate attitudes to money. The questionnaire was given to subjects from three different universities. The data were analysed by using explanatory variables, including gender, age and family type. Findings indicated that college students’ money attitudes relating to the past and future were linked to selected demographics, especially gender and age variables. The results of this study are important to the understanding of financial behaviour of college students and to enable professionals in the field of family and consumer sciences to be more effective in their advice and teaching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00417.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of the meal situation on the consumption of ready meals (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The context in which a meal is eaten is known to affect intake and choice of food. The purpose of this study was to investigate in what typical situations ready meals are consumed and if consumer demands vary according to different situations. With a market survey four typical ready meal eating situations were identified, and the respondent's ready meal consumption was shown to be affected by situational factors. In the different eating situations there were dissimilar reasons for consumption. Two ready meal eating situations were investigated in greater detail in order to establish what triggered the ready meal consumption in these situations. One of these meal situations proved to be convenience driven and the other time driven. A situation-oriented approach is suggested for further ready meal product development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00416.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perceived preservation format and food preference (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The same (chilled) food product was presented to 77 consumers with either a frozen or chilled label. As predicted, liking for the food product was found to be in line with consumer expectation of liking for the different preservation format labels. For example, consumers that expected chilled foods to taste better than frozen reported higher liking for the product with the chilled label, even though actual quality of all products tasted was the same. Contrary to our prediction that tasting similar quality products perceived to be from different preservation formats would bring expectation of liking for those formats closer together, we found consumers who expressed no preference before tasting the products had developed a preference afterwards. We discuss the implication of these results and similarities between the concepts of conditioning, attitude, expectation and preference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00418.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumers’ perception of food packaging in Trinidad, West Indies and its related impact on food choices (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of the study was to investigate consumers’ perception of food packaging and its impact on food choices. The study population comprised 82 people who were ultimately consumers of packaged food products. The sample was drawn from six major supermarkets located in different geographical areas in Trinidad, West Indies. Data collection was carried out by using a questionnaire based on five topics: visual impact or attractiveness of the packaging; type of packaging material; labelling and nutritional information; new products; and fruit preserves. The packaging feature that influenced most of the respondents’ choice of products was information on the label (41.5%); it was followed by quality and type of packaging (24.4%), brand name/popularity (22.0%) and visual impact (12.2%). When asked if they would purchase a product that was most attractively packaged, 85.4% responded in the affirmative. Most respondents (92.7%) believed that packaging material could adversely affect the quality of performance of a food product. Also, 92.7% of respondents agreed that nutrition information should be shown on all food products, although 36.6% admitted that they do not read the label because of its complexity. Influence of gender was not significant (P 〈 0.05) on consumer perception of food packaging and on food choices. Although the sample was small, the data highlighted the need to educate consumers of packaged foods, so that informed decisions could be taken in respect to food quality, safety and nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00419.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thinker's Guide Series (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00488_1.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Street Markets: Small Business and Farmers’ Perceptions in Australia and New Zealand (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00488_2.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Philosophy of Home Economics: Establishing Home Economics as a Discipline for Human Protection (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00488_3.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peer review 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00489.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adolescent brand consciousness and product placements: awareness, liking and perceived effects on self and others (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Product placements in entertainment media are increasing, particularly in content targeted to adolescents. This marketing communication tactic is examined in the context of media socialization and individual differences in brand consciousness. The relative influence of commercial media (TV, radio, movies, online) and perceived peer and parent brand consciousness on US adolescent brand consciousness is assessed, as well as differences in how low and high brand-conscious adolescents view product placements. Awareness, liking and perceived effects of product placements on self and others (third-person perception) were measured. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses show that movies and perceived parent and peer brand consciousness were positively related to adolescent brand consciousness. Those adolescents considered to be highly brand-conscious were also those who were most aware of and favourable towards product placements. All adolescents demonstrated third-person perception of media effects in that they considered others to be more influenced by product placements than themselves, with peers influenced more than friends. Highly brand-conscious teens perceived the greatest effects of product placements on their own and others’ buying behaviours, yet low brand-conscious teens revealed the largest gap in perceptions of impact on self vs. peers. The results are discussed in view of media effects; ramifications for marketers and public policy makers are also appraised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00429.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Author Index (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00490.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keyword index (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00491.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing the needs of assisted reproductive technology users of an online bulletin board (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Consumers who are infertile and decide to use assisted reproductive technologies undergo lengthy, expensive and potentially risky medical procedures in their quest for a pregnancy and a live birth. In this research we use a consumer model of decision making to analyse the process. We review information available to consumers and we assess use of an online bulletin board which gives consumers social support and medical information during the process. We conclude with the needs for consumer education and protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00461.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards sustainable consumption: an examination of environmental knowledge among Malaysians (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Environmental problems are mainly attributable to the impact of humans on natural systems. In the case of Malaysia, rapid urbanization and Malaysian consumer’ pursuit of consumption-oriented lifestyles have intensified the solid-waste management problem faced by the government. Increasing public environmental awareness is a potential way of addressing this. The objectives of the study described here were to assess the level of environmental knowledge among households in Selangor in Malaysia, examine the sources of their environmental knowledge, determine factors that lead to different levels of knowledge and analyse the relationship between knowledge and environmental attitude, behaviour and participation. The results of the study indicate that, in general, respondents’ basic or general environmental knowledge was high. However, when questioned on various scientific environmental terms, the majority of the respondents were not familiar with most of them. Respondents indicated that their main sources of environmental knowledge and information were newspapers, television and radio. Lower levels of education were reflected in the level of environmental knowledge. Participation in environmental activities had a positive influence on knowledge. The study also found that knowledge correlated positively with environmental attitudes, behaviours and participation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00460.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Teaching beliefs of non-formal consumer educators: a perspective of teaching in home improvement retail stores in the United States (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the teaching beliefs of instructors who provide consumer education clinics (e.g. tile laying, faux painting, faucet replacement) in home improvement retail stores. Research in adult and higher education and the K-12 field demonstrate that beliefs about teaching and learning and their relationship to practice are quite significant. Only recently have teaching beliefs begun to receive attention in the field of consumer education. Using participatory observations and in-depth interviews a complex picture was revealed about non-formal consumer education representative of a customer-centred approach, an emphasis on transmission model of education, a fostering of fun and informal communication, minimal learner expectations and an epistemology rooted in personal experience. The implications are important for training future adult educators who practise in non-formal consumer education settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00462.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumer fraud and Latino immigrant consumers in the United States (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Disadvantaged consumers are often the victims of consumer fraud; low-income Latinoa immigrants are especially likely to be victims due to their lack of English proficiency and inexperience in the local marketplace. A qualitative research study using purposeful sampling was conducted to identify areas of consumer fraud experienced by 45 Latino immigrants. Types of unscrupulous practices are identified, including sales of automobiles, prepaid telephone cards and counterfeit documents. Problems with fraud are discussed in terms of a model of disadvantaged consumers and implications for education are suggested to counteract the identified problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00463.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Research Institute for Consumer Affairs, UK (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00466.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lesson practice and teachers’ views on citizenship and gender: focusing on home economics and civics in Japan (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Home economics and civics as school subjects in Japan have a common feature, in that both subjects nurture a sense of citizenship at home, in the workplace and in the wider society. In addition, both have the potential to help students recognize the gender bias around them and can empower them to help make a more gender-equal society. Focusing on this, the purpose of this report was to investigate home economics and civics teachers’ views, in order to analyse the features of the two subjects and the relationship between them. Questionnaires were sent to home economics and civics teachers of all the senior high schools in four prefectures around Japan in October 2001, and 357 samples were analysed. The results were as follows: (a) Home economics teachers and female teachers expressed more interest in lessons on gender than civics teachers and male teachers. Concerning lessons on citizenship, no statistical difference in teachers’ interest was found. (b) Topics on citizenship were learned in the fields of consumer, environment and social welfare issues in both subjects. More lessons were reported to take place in home economics than in civics. (c) In home economics, topics on gender were learned as core issues in the areas of family relations, family law and parenting. On the other hand, in family law, civics, topics on gender were taught as marginal issues in the area of basic human rights and labour issues. (d) Home economics teachers thought the goals of gender education were to empower students to overcome narrow gender roles and to strengthen self-respect. In contrast, civics teachers thought it would empower a sense of human rights. Concerning citizenship education, teachers of both home economics and civics thought the goals would enable students to recognize social problems as their own issues and try to solve them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00446.x
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    Money Habitudes™: A Guide for Professionals Working with Money Related Issues (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00452.x
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumer motivations and concerns in online auctions: an exploratory study (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This investigates the reasons behind the dramatic growth of Internet auction companies such as eBay, exploring into why so many consumers have been motivated to turn to online auctions to purchase and sell goods. It is found that the ability to purchase items at lower prices than from retail stores is the primary motivation, along with having access to previously unobtainable items. Concerns mainly relate to potential fraudulent transactions, although the negative feedback system is found to be vital in the reduction of fears over fraud. Interaction with other auction users is found to be important for practical reasons such as information seeking, rather than for enjoyment. The main conclusion is that the benefits of using Internet auctions far outweigh the risks involved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00385.x
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    Fissures in the marketing strategies of South Asian restaurants in Edinburgh (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This exploratory study sought to investigate South Asian restaurants in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK in order to obtain a preliminary identification of marketing gaps compromising their future profitability. The aims of the study were to expose and understand the relative importance attached by owners and managers of South Asian restaurants in Edinburgh to the different elements of the marketing mix. South Asian restaurants form a small but important sector of the restaurant in market in towns throughout the UK and are characteristically of disproportionate financial and social importance to the communities who run them. South Asian restaurants in Edinburgh, as in most towns in the UK, are run primarily by the Bangladeshi community and are under increasing pressure as the variety of restaurants operating in the sector increases. The results of the study make evident that any initiatives taken to support South Asian restaurants should include awareness-raising actions. Building awareness, which is perceived to be currently partially understood, of the importance of studying markets, customers and competitors is essential before any advice is given on how to accomplish these monitoring tasks. Equally, a fundamental priority is to encourage self-critical and proactive approaches to business, thus increasing the capacity to identify possible problems and implement correcting measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00386.x
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  • 26
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    Conjoint analysis of consumer preferences for roasted peanut products in Haiti (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study evaluated Haitian consumers’ preferences for three attributes of roasted peanuts: form (dry-roasted vs. honey-roasted), country of origin (Haiti vs. USA) and price (lowest vs. most common vs. highest). A sample of 199 respondents from three locations near Port-au-Prince revealed that price was overwhelmingly the most important attribute, although three well-differentiated consumer segments were identified: the largest (44% of the sample) based strictly on price; a second (29%) distinguished by preference for honey-roasted peanuts of Haitian origin; and a third (27%) preferring dry-roasted peanuts imported from the USA. Segment membership was predicted by gender, education, household size, survey location and whether or not respondents were themselves the purchasers of the peanuts and peanut butter they consumed. Market simulation of a proposed, new domestic product (honey-roasted peanuts from Haiti) revealed that a price near that of the currently imported product would maximize domestic revenues at about 15% above the current base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00388.x
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  • 27
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    The attitudes and nutritional knowledge of 11- to 12-year-olds in Merseyside and Northern Ireland (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: School is a major area for providing young people with nutritional knowledge and skills. In Northern Ireland home economics (HE) is taught to 11- to 12-year-olds. The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced the national curriculum and HE as a subject was effectively abolished in English schools, and key stage 3 pupils in England are taught nutrition in Science, Design and Technology and in the cross curricular theme of health education. The aim of the study was to compare the attitudes and nutritional knowledge of children in Merseyside, England (M) and Northern Ireland (NI). A questionnaire was designed, which examined attitudes to aspects of healthy eating and tested the subject's knowledge, practical and theoretical, on nutrition and healthy eating. Subjects aged 11–12 years were recruited (M: 541, NI: 128). The majority ‘understood and knew what to eat to have a healthy diet’, ‘liked the taste of healthy food’ and considered that ‘there were healthy foods at home’. However, a significantly greater number in Merseyside agreed that ‘their health will be affected in the future by what they eat now’ (M: 71%, NI: 54%, P 〈 0.01) and agreed that ‘they enjoyed cooking’ (M: 76%, NI: 56%, P 〈 0.01). Whereas more from Northern Ireland agreed that ‘they do not know what foods to eat to have a healthy diet’ (M: 14%, NI: 30%, P 〈 0.01), ‘that healthy eating involved “dieting” ’ (M: 29%, NI: 59%, P 〈 0.01) and agreed that ‘there are no healthy food choices at school’ (M: 23% NI: 42%, P 〈 0.01). More subjects from Merseyside disagreed that ‘healthy eating is a waste of time’ (M: 87%, NI: 77%, P 〈 0.01). The mean knowledge scores (correct answers) from Merseyside were significantly greater than from Northern Ireland (total score: M: 51%, NI: 43%P 〈 0.05; practical score: M: 58%, NI: 49%P 〈 0.05, theory score: M: 38%, NI: 31%, P 〈 0.05). The results indicate that the healthy food message seems to have been better learnt by children in Merseyside but results of surveys in Merseyside into eating habits suggest that many have not put this knowledge into practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00387.x
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    Development of a macroscopic model on recent fashion trends on the basis of consumer emotion (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the fashion industry, one of the most important things is to accurately analyse the consumers’ emotional response to current fashion trends and to forecast trends for the forthcoming season based on the analysed results. In this study, it  was  assumed  that  a  more  accurate  trend-forecasting  for a market would be possible, if the fluctuation of consumer emotion could be represented on a kind of macroscopic model of recent fashion trends. For an exploratory attempt to acquire such macroscopic information on trends, this research aimed to (1) propose a systematic method to derive a macroscopic model on trends on the basis of consumer emotion; and (2) develop a macroscopic model on recent fashion trends, applying the method. This research was based on three assumptions: (1) Fashion trend is a representation of change in consumers’ emotions; (2) A linguistic representation can be a useful medium to access consumers’ emotions; and (3) Consumers’ emotions can be represented as a concrete model. As a method of developing the macroscopic model, a five-step procedure was proposed and executed in this research. According to the five-step procedure, a total of four surveys were serially conducted and the data sets were analysed quantitatively or qualitatively. As a result, a two-dimensional macroscopic model on recent fashion trend was developed, in which 79 major emotion descriptors were positioned and categorized into 14 subgroups. ‘artificial-natural’ (for the first dimension) and ‘simple-complicated’ (for the second dimension) appeared as the two-dimensional axes passing through the macroscopic model on recent fashion trends. The 14 subgroups in the model corresponded to the main themes of recent fashion trends reported in the literature on fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00370.x
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update September 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00556.x
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    Variability in TRBV haplotype frequency and composition in Caucasian, African American, Western African and Chinese populations (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The polymorphic T-cell receptor Vβ (TRBV) genes encode much of the variable region of the T-cell receptor β chain. Analysis of allele frequencies of three closely linked polymorphic TRBV genes, TRBV7-3, TRBV9 and TRBV6-4, was undertaken in several populations. The frequencies of these alleles are not significantly different in populations of Caucasians, African Americans and Western Africans. However, Chinese population is extremely homogenous at all three loci. The current study identifies the existence of haplotypic relationships between alleles of these genes in the Caucasian population. The ORF allele TRBV7-3*A3 is found exclusively on chromosomes bearing TRBV9*A2 and TRBV6-4*A2 in this cohort. In contrast, TRBV7-3*A1 and the null allele TRBV7-3*A2 are associated only with TRBV9*A1 and TRBV6-4*A1. This pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is altered in the African American and Western African populations. In these cohorts, there is a marked reduction in LD between alleles of TRBV7-3 and TRBV9. This study is consistent with previous population genetic studies wherein African-derived samples have a greater level of genetic diversity compared to Caucasians. These data also demonstrate that patterns of LD are not consistent across the entire TRBV locus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00550.x
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    Frequencies of the common promoter polymorphisms in cytokine genes in a Polish population (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Common polymorphisms in cytokine genes, widely distributed in many populations, may affect gene transcription, leading to individual variations in cytokine levels. Some of those polymorphisms were associated with the risk of graft rejection or autoimmune and parasitic diseases development as well as treatment outcome. In the current study the frequencies of promoter polymorphisms in genes encoding interleukin-2 (−330 G/C), interleukin-4 (−590 C/T), interleukin-6 (−174 G/C), interleukin-10 (−1082 G/A, −592 C/A) and TNFα (−307 G/A) have been studied in a sample of 205 unrelated healthy Polish subjects of Caucasian origin. The frequencies of the determined cytokine alleles were as follows: interleukin-2 (−330 G/C): T −64.9%, G −35.1%; interleukin-4 (−590 C/T): C −79.8%, T −20.2%; interleukin-6 (−174 G/C): G −53.4%, C −46.6%; interleukin-10 (−1082 G/A, −819 G/T, −592 C/A): GCC −44.1%, ACC −32.0, ATA −23.9%; TNFα (−307 G/A): G −85.1%, A −14.9%. We also compared our results with other populations studied to date, describing some significant differences.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00524.x
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update May 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00531.x
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    Epistatic effect of C-reactive protein (CRP) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) +1059 and interleukin-1B SNP +3954 on CRP concentration in healthy male blood donors (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are indicative of persons prone to cardiovascular diseases and are about 40–50% heritable. We have previously shown that interleukin (IL)-1B +3954 allele T is associated with lower CRP concentration. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of this polymorphism together with the CRP +1059 gene polymorphism on baseline CRP concentrations, and genotyped 336 healthy blood donors for CRP +1059 (G→C) and IL-1B +3954 (C→T) polymorphisms. In men, the carriers of the CRP +1059 C-allele had significantly lower CRP values than GG homozygotes (0.66 versus 0.43 mg l−1, up to −35%, P = 0.009). No significant difference was found in women. When the data were stratified for both of these polymorphisms in men, CRP +1059 GG homozygotes had low CRP concentrations only if they were allele-T carriers of IL-1B +3954 simultaneously (0.93 versus 0.50 mg l−1, P = 0.013). Genotype CRP +1059 GG/IL-1B +3954 CC was associated with an almost 3-fold risk of a higher baseline CRP value [odds ratio (OR) 2.84 (CI 1.03–6.07)]. Thus, both IL-1B +3954 (C→T) and CRP +1059 (G→C) polymorphisms influence baseline CRP values and act independently of each other in male subjects. These polymorphisms might be predictive markers of persons prone to cardiovascular diseases.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00515.x
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    Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 haplotypes are associated with coeliac disease (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In coeliac disease (CD) there is an inflammatory status of the intestinal mucosa because of a high expression of proinflammatory mediators. The nuclear protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has been implicated in the initial inflammatory response by modulating transcription of inflammation-related genes. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of PARP-1 gene promoter region haplotypes in relation to coeliac disease susceptibility. We analysed a coeliac population consisting of a case-control panel with 120 CD patients and 311 healthy blood donors. A CA microsatellite, as haplotype-defining variant of the whole PARP-1 promoter, was typed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method combined with fluorescence technology. We considered two promoter haplotypes: A defined by short CA alleles (83–87 bp) and B defined by long CA alleles (89–101 bp). Haplotype A was significantly increased within the coeliac patients group (P = 0.007 OR 1.6 95%CI 1.12–2.35). Additionally, we observed a significant dose effect, showing homozygous individuals for haplotype A higher risk for CD susceptibility (P = 0.007, OR 1.79 95%CI 1.14–2.82). Our results provide the first evidence that PARP-1 haplotypes are related with coeliac disease susceptibility.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00521.x
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    Interleukin-12 subunits p35 and p40 of Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) maintain high sequence homology with those of other ruminants (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The immune system of Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), one of the major dairy animals of the tropics, has received little attention. cDNAs encoding the two subunits of the heterodimeric interleukin (IL)-12 of Indian water buffalo were isolated from concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes. The 710-bp p35 and 1012-bp p40 subunits were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cloned, sequenced and compared with other ruminant sequences. The IL-12 p35 subunit cDNA had nine nucleotide variations and shared 98.1% amino acid identity with the cattle IL-12 p35. The IL-12 p40 cDNA had 13 nucleotide variations and had 97.5% amino acid identity with the cattle IL-12 p40. Both the subunits showed strict conservation in the predicted secondary structure and critical amino acid residues compared with other ruminant IL-12 molecules. Buffalo IL-12 p40 recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli cross-reacted with cattle anti-IL-12 p40 monoclonal antibody. Our study indicates a high level of conservation of this key cytokine among ruminants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00505.x
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update January 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00517.x
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    Polymorphisms of the upstream regulatory region of the major histocompatibility complex DRB genes in domestic horses (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sequence information was obtained on the variation of the ELA-DRB upstream regulatory region (URR) after polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) cloning and sequencing of ≈ 220 bp upstream of the first exon of horse DRB genes. The sequence of the proximal URR of equine DRB is composed of highly conserved sequence motifs, showing the presence of the W, X, Y, CAAT and TATA conserved boxes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II promoters. Five different polymorphic horse DRB promoter sequences were detected in five horse breeds. The results demonstrate the existence of polymorphism in the nucleotide sequences of the ELA-DRB URR, located in the functionally important conserved consensus sequences, the X2 box, the Y box and the TATA box, while conservation were observed in X1 and CAAT boxes. The nucleotide diversity among horse URRs was intermediate between that seen within human and mouse DRB promoters, suggesting the existence of another important source of variability in ELA-DRB genes. In addition, phylogenetic comparisons, identity analysis and sequence organization suggested that the reported sequences would correspond to an expressed ELA-DRB locus. However, further information about the functional significance of these promoter polymorphisms will probably be acquired through expression studies on the different sequences.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00496.x
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    Polymorphism of the DPB1 locus in Hani ethnic group of south-western China (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Polymorphism of HLA-DPB1 was revealed with a sequencing-based typing (SBT) method in 47 unrelated healthy individuals from Yunnan Hani ethnic minority. The alleles DPB1*5901 and DPB1*7001 were detected for the first time in Chinese populations. A dendrogram showed that the Hani ethnic group belongs to the southern group of Chinese.
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    A note of thanks to referees Volume 32, 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00558.x
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update June 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00535.x
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    Reliability of HLA-Cw data collected in unrelated bone marrow registry and their usefulness for preliminary donor selection (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, we addressed the question of how often HLA-DRB1-matched donors can be found by further typing of AB-matched donors and whether Cw preselection can be helpful. Sixty-eight patients and 174 donors were enrolled in the study. In all donors, confirmatory DNA Cw typing was performed to check reliability of registry Cw data. Among the 129 Cw serologically typed donors, 11 (8.5%) were not confirmed by DNA typing and for 77 (60%) at least one Cw blank antigen was genetically confirmed. In healthy controls, haplotype frequency higher than 1% has been found for 21 (55%) out of 38 Cw-DRB1 haplotypes observed. A subtotal delta made up 67% of subtotal haplotype frequency fraction of 21 haplotypes confirming strong linkage disequilibrium of Cw-DRB1 loci. After Cw preselection 12 (15.4%) out of 78 donors were matched in both DRB1. On the other hand, only two (2.1%) out of 96 AB-matched donors with unknown or incompatible Cw were matched in both DRB1 at low-resolution level (OR = 8.55; P = 0.0060; 95%CI 1.85–39.5). We found at least one DRB1-matched donor for 12 (26.1%) out of 46 patients with Cw-matched donors for which 1–5 (median = 1) of Cw-preselected donors were chosen for further typing. Cw preselection of HLA AB-matched donors for further DRB1 typing may improve the efficacy of stem cell donor search process.
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    A case–control study of tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22) confirms the lack of association with Crohn's disease (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Crohn's disease (CD), the whole gastrointestinal tract can be affected by discontinuous and transmural inflammation. The terminal ileum and colon are especially prone to inflammation that comprises granulomata and later intestinal and perianal fistulas. Genome-wide linkage and epidemiological studies established genetic predisposition factors to CD.Recently, a variation of the intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor-type 22 (PTPN22) was associated with several autoimmune diseases. Here, we analysed the functionally relevant polymorphism R620W (rs 2476601) of the PTPN22 gene in 146 patients suffering from CD using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. This study revealed evidence that PTPN22 variation may have no influence in the genetic predisposition to CD, at least not in another well-characterized Caucasian cohort.
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    Molecular diversity of HLA-Cw alleles in the Maratha community of Mumbai, Maharashtra, western India (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recent advances suggest a significant role for the HLA-C locus as a target of alloreactions after bone marrow transplantation. The biological importance of products of the HLA-C locus, both as transplant antigens and as ligands for natural killer (NK) cells, is well established. A total of 10 different serologically defined HLA-Cw antigen specificities (Cw1–Cw10) are encoded by the C locus; however, there are now 151 different alleles that can be identified by molecular methods. Serological definition of Cw alleles therefore includes 20–50% blanks, which cannot be detected by the available antisera. We used the molecular method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequence-specific amplification and probe hybridization to define Cw alleles in 91 individuals from the Maratha community, and compared the data with data for 92 serologically typed Maratha individuals from India. We identified Cw*12, Cw*14, Cw*15, Cw*16 and Cw*18, along with the serologically identified Cw*01, Cw*02, Cw*03, Cw*04, Cw*06 and Cw*07 alleles. The HLA-Cw blank allele frequency in the Maratha was reduced from 0.5706 to 0.00. Furthermore, by using a molecular technique, it was possible to identify novel allele subtypes, such as Cw*0104, Cw*0203 and Cw*0707, and a high frequency of Cw* 1801 in the Maratha community compared with other Indian and world populations. Our results will have clinical implications in related and unrelated HLA-matched bone marrow transplantation in India.
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    Association study of polymorphisms within matrix metalloproteinase 9 with bronchial asthma (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Matrix metalloproteinase 9 plays an important role in the development of bronchial asthma. We were interested in whether the polymorphisms –T1702A, –C1562T, R279Q and +C6T within the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene were associated with asthma in a population of 231 asthmatic children. However, we found no association. Thus MMP-9 might not be a major gene for asthma.
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    Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Sixteenth Annual BSHI Conference, Plymouth, 7th−9th September 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00525.x
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    Cytokine gene polymorphism in Iranian patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a disorder of the haematopoietic stem cell that results in malignant expansion of myeloid cells with a cytogenetic abnormality, and translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, known as the Philadelphia chromosome. It has been hypothesized that genetic factors other than histocompatibility disparity may play a role in predisposition to developing CML. In this regard, T helper types 1 and 2 (Th1 and Th2) cytokines and their gene polymorphism seem to be important. Overall expression and secretion of cytokines are dependent, at least in part, on genetic polymorphism (nucleotide variations) within the promoter region or other regulatory sequences of cytokine genes. The majority of polymorphisms described are single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). The objective of this study was to analyse the genetic profile of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in 30 Iranian patients with CML and 40 healthy subjects. In the patients and control subjects, the allelic and genotype frequencies were determined for the cytokine genes. All typing were performed with a polymerase chain reaction–sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) assay. Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated and compared with those of normal controls. The results showed that the most frequent genotypes in our patients were transforming growth factor (TGF)-β TG/TG, interferon (IFN)-γ AT, interleukin (IL)-4 CC at position −590, TT at position −33, and IL-10 ACC/ACC and ATA/ATA. In contrast, the genotypes TGF-β CG/CG, IL-2 TT at position −330, IL-4 CT at position −590, CT at position −33, and IL-10 GCC/ACC were seen at much lower frequencies. The results suggest that production of TGF-β in CML patients is higher and production of IL-4 and IL-10 is lower than in normal subjects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00502.x
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    Distribution of the mutated Δ32 allele of the CCR5 gene in a Sicilian population (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The CCR5 gene encodes a cell-surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as a co-receptor for macrophage-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A mutation in this gene may alter the expression or the function of the protein product, thereby altering chemokine binding and/or signalling or HIV-1 infection of cells that normally express CCR5 protein. Individuals homozygous for a 32-bp deletion allele of CCR5 (CCR5 Δ32), heritable as a Mendelian trait, are relatively resistant to HIV-1 infection. The CCR5 Δ32 mutation is present in the Caucasian population at different frequencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of truncated alleles of the CCR5 Δ32 gene in a Sicilian population, as the interpopulation variation in CCR5 Δ32 frequency may be a significant factor in the prediction of AIDS endemicity in future studies. We examined 901 healthy individuals from several Sicilian provinces. We found a mean (± standard deviation) Δ32 allele frequency (fr) of 0.04 ± 0.012. The highest value was observed in the province of Messina, with a mean Δ32 allele frequency of 0.06 ± 0.024, where we collected samples from a cohort of 114 HIV-1-infected individuals. The observed frequency amongst these patients was quite low (fr = 0.03 ± 0.031) compared to the healthy population, although the difference was not statistically significant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00507.x
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  • 48
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    Mitochondrial mutation detection using enhanced multiplex denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this study, we investigated the presence of mutations within the mitochondrial genome in 40 Caucasian subjects using an enhanced multiplex denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) approach. The enhanced DHPLC approach has increased sensitivity and throughput, and reduced analysis time per individual sample compared to conventional methods. This technique involved amplifying the mitochondrial genome in 18 fragments ranging in size from 300 to 2000 bp using a novel proofreading polymerase (OptimaseTM, Transgenomic Inc., Omaha, NE) with a low misincorporation rate. Fourteen of these fragments underwent subsequent restriction digestion using a combination of five restriction enzymes to enable multiplex DHPLC analysis; the remaining four underwent conventional DHPLC. Using this complete mitochondrial genome-screening approach, we confirmed a number of previously reported mutations and additionally identified a large number of novel mutations using an enhanced DHPLC technique.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00508.x
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  • 49
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    Polymorphisms of transporter associated with antigen processing type 1 (TAP1), proteasome subunit beta type 9 (PSMB9) and their common promoter in African children with different manifestations of malaria (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of gene variants of the antigen processing proteins transporter associated with antigen processing type 1 (TAP1) and proteasome subunit beta type 9 (PSMB9) and of their shared bidirectional promoter was assessed in children with either mild or severe malaria. The genetic study was performed on samples collected during a longitudinal study on malariometric indices in an area hyperendemic for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabon. The allele frequencies of the genes did not differ between the mild and the severe malaria groups. The distributions of alleles among children with distinct phenotypes of severe malaria were similar. A negative association of hypoglycaemia with the PSMB9 promoter variant PSMB9-R was found (odds ratio 0.01; χ2 = 12.1; P 〈 0.0005; Pc 〈 0.03). The promoter allele TAP1−446G was associated with hyperparasitaemia and absence of hypoglycaemia. TAP1, PSMB9, and TAP1/PSMB9 promoter alleles were in strong linkage disequilibrium. DNA sequencing of the TAP1/PSMB9 promoter region revealed a previously unrecognized single nucleotide polymorphism 455 bp upstream of the TAP1 transcription start site.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00484.x
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  • 50
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    The −308G/A polymorphism of TNF-α influences immunological parameters in old subjects affected by infectious diseases (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abnormal increments of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) characterize the outbreak of infectious diseases, which are the major cause of death in the elderly. A counterbalance to the inflammation is exerted by IL-10 with an inhibitory role on TNF-α production. As is well known, some cytokine gene polymorphisms influence the cytokine production, playing a role as susceptibility or resistance factors against immune-mediated and infectious disease. Genetic variations in the −308A/G locus for TNF-α seems to affect the clinical outcome of some infectious diseases. In fact, the −308A allele is associated with severe septic shock and death. On this basis, we have screened healthy old subjects, nonagenarians and old patients affected by the acute phase of chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchopneumonia of bacteria origin for the −308G/A locus (PCR–RFLP). Subjects are grouped in A+ (AG, AA genotypes) and A– (GG genotype) and data on IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, NK cell cytotoxicity, zinc and metallothioneins (MTs) gene expression (RT–PCR) were stratified according to different TNF-α genotypes. The frequency of the A allele was increased in infected patients in comparison with healthy old controls. No differences existed between A+ and A– young adult, old and nonagenarian controls in tested parameters. Conversely, A+-infected patients displayed elevated IL-6, TNF-α and MTmRNA, low IL-10 coupled with impaired NK cell cytotoxicity and lower zinc ion than A– patients. However, the data reported are gender independent. Therefore, the −308A polymorphism at the locus of TNF-α may be one of the susceptibility factor for infectious diseases in old persons, particularly considering its association to the increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and to the reduction of zinc release and MTs synthesis involved in the control of the inflammatory response. These data strongly suggest that the genetic screening of the −308G/A polymorphism may be a valid tool for identification of subjects needing a more appropriate therapy when affected by acute and/or recurrent infectious diseases.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00490.x
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    Duck (Anas platyrhynchos), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and other avian interleukin-2 reveals significant conservation of gene organization, promoter elements and functional residues (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We compared the gene, promoter and cDNA sequences, and the predicted protein structure of duck and quail interleukin-2 (IL-2), a major immunomodulatory cytokine, with the known sequences of other avian and human IL-2. Analysis of the gene organization showed significant similarity with the overall organization of mammalian IL-2 genes, with four exons and three introns and a very short 5′ untranslated regions. The second intron was the biggest in all the IL-2 sequences. The third intron was of similar size in chicken and quail, whereas in duck it was found to be slightly longer. Promoter sequence analysis of the IL-2 gene revealed remarkable conservation of the functionally important residues. The transcription factor binding sites such as those for AP-1, NF-AT, CD 28 RE and OCT, the TATA box and the predicted transcription start site with respect to chicken IL-2 sequence showed total conservation in duck, quail and turkey IL-2 promoters. Comparative analysis of the avian IL-2 cDNAs such as those of chicken, turkey, duck, quail, goose and Muscovy duck, revealed significant conservation of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences. They showed nucleotide identity levels varying from 75% to 85%, amino acid level identity from 58% to 72% and amino acid similarity from 71% to 80% with each other. In the predicted protein secondary structure, the four essential α-helices and the hydrophobic amino acids in the heptad repeats forming the core structure of IL-2 molecules were conserved in all the avian and the human IL-2. The present study reveals high-level conservation of the gene; cDNA structure and regulatory elements of avian IL-2. This indicates highly conserved functions and probable functional cross-reactivity of this major immunomodulatory cytokine among birds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00538.x
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    Novel polymorphism in the promoter region of the human nerve growth-factor gene (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe a novel T to C transition at position −198 from the transcription start of the human nerve growth-factor (NGF) gene. In British Caucasoid healthy control group that we have genotyped, T and C allele frequencies are 0.633 and 0.367, respectively. This polymorphism affects vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding to its motif in the NGF promoter.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00541.x
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    Lack of association between pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) gene polymorphisms and Graves’ disease (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Graves’ disease (GD) is a common, autoimmune disease involving the thyroid gland, and it has been previously suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the disease's pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to test whether the interleukin (IL)-6 gene promoter region, or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α or IL-8 gene 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) polymorphisms could provide useful genetic markers for an individual's susceptibility to GD. A normal control group of 60 healthy people and 95 patients featuring GD were examined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction analysis was performed for the three gene polymorphisms using endonucleases BsrBI, NcoI and ApaLI, respectively. We found no significant difference between the frequencies of genotype and allelic variants for the IL-6 gene promoter (−572 G/C), the TNF-α gene promoter (−308 A/G) and the IL-8 gene 3′-UTR (2767 A/G) for GD patients and for normal controls. Cytokines are a large group of proteins that may elicit multiple effects upon immunological reactions. It still appears to be very worthwhile to continue to aggressively search for cytokine gene polymorphisms in order to predict the development of such disease.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00536.x
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    ICAM-1 polymorphisms and development of cutaneous malignant melanoma (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tumour growth in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is mediated by cell adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). ICAM-1 expression is associated with increasing Breslow thickness of vertical growth-phase tumours and, in patients with stage 1 disease, may be associated with disease free and patient survival. In this study we have investigated whether two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ICAM-1 gene encoding amino acid substitutions in codons 241 and 469 of the expressed ICAM-1 molecule are associated with susceptibility to and markers of prognosis (including tumour Breslow thickness) in CMM. A total of 164 CMM patients and 264 cancer-free controls were genotyped for these SNPs by the 5′ nuclease assay for allelic discrimination (TaqMan®). No genotypes showed any significant associations with CMM susceptibility, although there was a non-significant increase in frequency of the ICAM-1 469 AA genotype among CMM patients vs. controls (38.4% vs. 29.9%; P = 0.11). However, the ICAM-1 241 GG genotype was significantly decreased in frequency among patients with primary invasive tumours of greater Breslow thickness (72.5% vs. 91.2%; P = 0.013; OR = 0.25 (0.072–0.85)). These results provide no evidence for a role for the ICAM-1 codon 241 and 469 SNPs in determining susceptibility to CMM, but provide preliminary evidence that the role of ICAM-1 polymorphism in modulating tumour growth in CMM requires further investigation in a larger study group.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00539.x
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, updated July 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00544.x
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    A NFKB1 promoter polymorphism is involved in susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) designates a group of critical transcription factors involved in a variety of immunologic and/or inflammatory processes. Conceivably, genes involved in the NF-κB pathway make interesting candidate genes for chronic inflammatory disorders, including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In two mouse models of colitis, strong linkage has been observed with a locus on chromosome 3 that harbours the Nfkb1 gene. In addition, a polymorphism in the promoter region of the human NFKB1 gene was found to be associated with susceptibility to UC. In this study, we searched to confirm this previously found association in IBD in a different population. Allele and genotype frequencies of the −94 ins/delATTG polymorphism were determined in 266 unrelated Dutch Caucasian IBD patients (127 UC, 139 CD), and 155 matched healthy controls. The allele frequency of the deletion was significantly higher in UC patients (P = 0.019), but not in CD patients, compared to healthy controls, and the UC patients homozygous for the −94 ATTG deletion had a younger age of onset. Our findings confirm the previously found association between this polymorphism and susceptibility to UC in an independent study population and adds further evidence for the role of this gene in disease susceptibility.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00546.x
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    Polymorphisms at +49A/G and CT60 sites in the 3′ UTR of the CTLA-4 gene and APECED-related AIRE gene mutations analysis in sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Autoimmune diseases such as Graves’ disease and type 1 diabetes have been linked with +49A/G and CT60 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3′ UTR of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene. Both these SNPs are functionally relevant and linked with T-lymphocyte activation. Hypoparathyroidism is seen in 70% of patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED). Although calcium sensing receptor autoantibodies (CaSRAb) and generalized activation of T lymphocytes are reported among patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (SIH), CTLA-4 gene SNPs and APECED-related autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene mutations have not been assessed in them. We studied lead CTLA-4 gene SNPs and APECED-related AIRE gene mutations in 73 patients with SIH and 114 healthy subjects. The CTLA-4 gene SNPs +49A/G in exon 1, CT60A/G in 3′ UTR and −318C/T in the promoter region were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using BstEII, NcoI and MseI endonucleases, respectively. The APECED-related AIRE gene mutations, which is R257X (Finn-major) in exon 6, 4-bp insertion and 13-bp deletion in exon 8, and Iranian Jews population ‘Y85C’ mutation in exon 2, were studied by PCR-RFLP (Taq-I), PCR and nucleotide sequencing, respectively. CaSRAb were studied by immunoblotting. The frequencies of CTLA-4 A/A49, A/G49 and G/G49 genotypes in the patients (47.9%, 38.4% and 13.7%) and controls (45.6%, 39.5% and 14.9%, respectively) and the frequencies of CT60 A/A, A/G, and G/G genotypes in the patient (42.4%, 37.0% and 20.6%) and the control (38.6%, 40.4% and 21.0%, respectively) groups were not significantly different. The frequencies of various haplotypes including genetic loci +49A/G and CT60 and frequencies of G alleles at these positions were comparable between patient and the control groups and its presence did not correlate with clinical and biochemical indices of the disease. None of the patients had APECED-related AIRE gene mutations. Lack of significant difference in the pattern of CTLA-4 A/G49 and/or CT60A/G genotypes and absence of common APECED syndrome-related AIRE gene mutations among patients and controls suggest that these sites do not play a role in the development of the SIH.
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    Complement factor B allotypes in the susceptibility and severity of coeliac disease in patients and relatives (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The alternative pathway of complement plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease (CD), where factor B (BF) is central to its activation. CD is a gluten-sensitive enteropathy that results from a complex interplay between genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors. In this study we evaluated the association of BF allotypes with the susceptibility and severity of CD, and with the presence of autoantibodies. Seventy-six non-related patients (56 female; 20 male; 2–77 years) and 150 first-degree relatives (87 female, 63 male; 2–75 years) were investigated. As controls, 97 healthy individuals were included (67 female;, 30 male; 1–71 years). The BF allotypes were determined by high-voltage agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by specific immunofixation. Disease severity was evaluated by anti-endomisial antibody (IgA-EmA) titres and histological findings of intestinal mucosa, which showed a high correlation (r = 0.8; P 〈 0.00001) in samples collected simultaneously. IgA-EmA was detected in all CD patients ingesting gluten, and in 13.3% of the relatives. The IgA-EmA, smooth muscle, mitochondrial, liver-kidney microsomal, nuclear, gastric parietal cells, and thyroid microsome antibodies were tested by indirect immunofluorescence. A significant decrease in BF S (P = 0.026) and an increasing tendency in BF SF allotype (P = 0.06) were observed in CD patients when compared to their relatives. On the other hand, BF S frequency was increased (P = 0.001 RR = 2.32) and BF SF (P = 0.002) decreased in the relatives when compared to the controls. No differences were observed in the distribution of BF phenotypes amongst the CD patients and the control group, and no association was found with CD severity or with the presence of autoantibodies. These results suggest BF SF as a CD susceptibility marker, and BF S as a protection marker of the disease amongst CD families in the Brazilian population.
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    Molecular characterization and expression of caprine (Capra hircus) interleukin-18 cDNA (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been identified as a potent upstream cytokine required for upregulation of IFN-γ secretion that plays a crucial role in polarization of Th1 type of immune response. Considering the potential applications of the cytokine in immunomodulation, it has been characterized in many livestock species including cattle, equines, canines, felines and porcines. In this paper we report the isolation, cloning sequencing and expression of caprine precursor IL-18. Full-length caprine IL-18 cDNA was isolated from mitogen-stimulated adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cDNA contained an open reading frame of 579 bp encoding a putative polypeptide of 192 amino acids. Deduced amino acid sequence of caprine IL-18 showed varying amino acid identity with the published sequences of other domestic ruminant species ranging from 94.3% to 96.9%, while it shared over 78% aa identity with other domestic animals. Pairwise multiple aligned sequences showed a deletion of Glu31in caprine IL-18 unlike in other species. Recombinant caprine IL-18 was produced in Escherichia coli, which cross-reacted with two antiporcine IL-18 monoclonal antibodies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00526.x
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    The MCP-1 −2518 (A to G) single nucleotide polymorphism is not associated with myocardial infarction in the Czech population (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is the key chemokine in the process of atheroslerotic vascular inflammation. Examining already reported association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and the SNP A/G in the MCP-1 gene (position −2518), 139 Czech patients with CAD manifested as myocardial infarction (MI) and 359 unrelated healthy control (C) subjects were genotyped by PCR-SSP. Genotype and allele frequencies were not different in MI and C groups (allele G: MI, 20.5%; C, 23.8%, OR = 0.8, P 〉 0.05). No differences were detected when the patients were subdivided based on sex or the age of MI first occurrence. Further, no relationship was observed between circulating MCP-1 levels and carriage of the G allele. The data do not support a role for the MCP-1 −2518 single nucleotide polymorphism in susceptibility to CAD manifested by myocardial infarction.
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    Association of MHC class I chain related gene-A microsatellite polymorphism with the susceptibility to T1DM and LADA in Czech adult patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The results in this study suggest that microsatellite polymorphism within the transmembrane region of MIC-A gene is associated with genetic susceptibility to adult-onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), MIC-A5.1 allele, corrected P = 0.001, whereas it is not associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in Czech population. According to our findings, we can hypothesize that adult-onset T1DM and LADA may have partly different immunogenetic aetiopathogenesis.
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    Promoter and intron-1 region polymorphisms in the IFNG gene in patients with hepatitis E (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Allelic and genotype variations in the promoter region and the dinucleotide (CA)n repeat region in intron 1 of the interferon-g (IFNG) gene were analysed by direct sequencing and simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP), respectively, in patients with acute hepatitis, and the prevalence was compared with that in healthy controls. Our results showed a significant association of heterozygous genotypes (CA)12/(CA)14 and (CA)12/(CA)16 in intron 1 of the IFNG gene in all categories of patients with acute hepatitis, classified on the basis of presence or absence of hepatitis E virus (HEV), in comparison with healthy controls. A novel polymorphism, −288 A→T [from the translational start site, as per Human Genome Organization (HUGO) nomenclature], in the promoter region of the IFNG gene leading to a loss of the consensus domain for the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE), as predicted by in silico analysis, was observed in 12.5% of patients with acute HEV infection. However, no significant difference in allele or genotype frequency was observed for the −288 promoter polymorphism, although the heterozygous −288 A/T genotype showed a moderate risk in patients with acute HEV infection alone (P = 0.29, odds ratio = 1.964, confidence interval = 0.46–8.45). The data suggest that the genotype at intron 1 of IFNG might affect susceptibility to acute hepatitis in HEV infection, which warrants further elucidation in a larger sample and also functional studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00512.x
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update March 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00520.x
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    A comparison of methods for determining genotypes at the tumour necrosis factor-α−308, interleukin (IL)-1β+3953, IL-6 −174 and IL-10 −1082/−819/−592 polymorphic loci (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Induced heteroduplex genotyping (IHG) is one of many methods that can be used to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It is relatively new in comparison to other polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the results of genotyping using IHG with the results of genotyping using either polymerase chain reaction–sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) or polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for SNPs in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 genes. Ninety patients who consented to participate in the study had their genotypes determined by IHG and either PCR-SSP (TNF-α−308 and IL-10 −1082/−819/−592) or PCR-RFLP (IL-1β+3953 and IL-6 −174). Results for each locus were compared between techniques by calculating the Kappa statistic as a measure of agreement. The IHG and more traditional genotyping methods produced very similar results at all loci. The Kappa statistics for each locus were as follows: TNF-α−308, K = 0.727; IL-1β+3953, K = 0.886; IL-6 −174, K = 0.909; IL-10 −1082, K = 0.876; IL-10 −592, K = 0.920. IHG is a valid method for the determination of genotypes at the loci examined in this study and produces comparable results to those of more traditional methods of genotyping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism is an age-dependent risk factor for myocardial infarction in men (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several studies show that inflammatory components may contribute to atherosclerosis and increase the risk for myocardial infarction (MI). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key pro-inflammatory and immune-modulatory cytokine of relevance for cardiovascular diseases. In this case-control study, 200 patients with MI and 257 healthy controls were genotyped for the polymorphism present in −174 promoter region of the IL-6 gene. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a group of patients and controls were measured. The −174 C allele was associated with an increased risk of developing MI (OR = 2.886, c.i. = 1.801–4.624, P = 0.0001) in older patients, while no association was found in younger ones. The IL-6 plasma levels were higher in patients with MI carrying the CC genotype than in GG patients (CC carriers, IL-6 = 2.97 pg mL−1 vs. GG carriers = 1.81 pg mL−1, P = 0.016). A positive correlation of IL-6 levels with those of CRP in serum from patients with MI was also found. Data from this study suggest that the C allele of the promoter polymorphism in the IL-6 gene is a risk factor for MI in the elderly, and the production of the IL-6 is differentially affected by different genotypes of the IL-6 −174 promoter polymorphism.
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    Alternative splicing of IL-24 in melanocytes by deletion of exons 3 and 5 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two novel interleukin-24 (IL-24) splice variants were identified in normal human melanocytes by sequencing cloned polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products that are not expressed in metastatic melanoma. These gene products have been generated by differential skipping of exons 3 (IL-24 delE3) and 5 (IL-24 delE5). IL-24 delE3 has limited sequence identity to the IL-24-interacting protein mda-7s, and IL-24 delE5 is homologous to IL-24.
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    HLA-C locus alleles distribution in patients from northern Poland with psoriatic arthritis — preliminary report (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the study was to compare the frequency of human leucocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) locus alleles in patients with psoriatic arthritis and in healthy controls in the same ethnic group in Poland, and to correlate them with age of onset of psoriatic skin changes and joints symptoms. HLA-C locus alleles of 41 patients and 80 controls were determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) low-resolution method. The Cw*06 allele occurred more frequently (P adjusted for multiple comparison = 0.004) in patients with psoriatic arthritis than in controls. Patients who carried the HLA-Cw*06 allele had a significantly earlier mean age of onset of both psoriasis (P = 0.01) and arthritis (P = 0.008) compared with Cw*06-negative patients. Our results confirm the association between Cw*06 allele and psoriatic arthritis in the northern Poland population and suggest that the HLA-Cw*06 may determine not only the disease susceptibility, but also the age of onset of psoriatic arthritis.
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    Association study of Wegener granulomatosis and the functionally relevant A645G polymorphism in the bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) gene (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV), bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) ANCAs are detected. Recent observations suggest that BPI-ANCAs can potentially contribute to a proinflammatory setting in the absence of proteinase 3 (PRTN3) ANCAs during the development of a pulmonary relapse by impeding the elimination of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). However, it is as yet not clear whether the genetic background contributes to the generation of BPI-ANCAs in Wegener granulomatosis (WG) or if BPI polymorphisms are associated with WG. In this study we genotyped the functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A645 (Glu216Lys) of the BPI gene in 201 WG patients and 608 healthy controls. To investigate whether further SNPs might be associated with WG, we also examined an intragenic microsatellite marker. No significant differences were found between patients and controls. Thus BPI polymorphisms do not appear to contribute to genetic predisposition to WG. Moreover, our data do not suggest a genetic background for the generation of BPI-ANCAs in WG.
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    Polymorphisms in the interleukin-4 and IL-4 receptor genes and multiple sclerosis: a study in Spanish-Basque, Northern Irish and Belgian populations (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytokine gene polymorphisms are known to influence susceptibility and disease course of many autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system white matter characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. We analysed both the well-known intronic variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and +33 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL-4 gene, as well as the functional Q551R SNP in the IL4-R gene in a cohort of three distinct populations comprising sporadic cases and controls from the northern Spanish Basque Country and Northern Ireland, as well as family trios from Belgium. The IL-4 +33 TT genotype was decreased in primary progressive (PP) versus relapsing-remitting (RR) patients in the Northern Irish population (OR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.018–1.09). Two-marker haplotype distribution of the VNTR and +33 C/T SNP in PP patients differed from that seen in RR patients in Northern Ireland (P = 0.03). The R allele of the Q551R SNP was significantly under-transmitted in the Belgian trio families (P = 0.003), although this effect was not seen in the Northern Irish and Basque data sets. We did not identify IL-4–IL4-R gene–gene interaction in determining susceptibility or clinical parameters of MS. Disease or genetic heterogeneity or both may be responsible for the observed lack of reproduction in different populations. Our data reinforce recent findings for a role of IL4-R in susceptibility to MS.
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    HLA and eye disease: a synopsis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene products have been implicated in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of eye diseases, mainly inflammatory in nature. This perspective reviews the current hypotheses for why HLA polymorphisms are associated with specific eye diseases. Statistical problems in studies involving HLA associations are discussed, and possible solutions outlined. The relevance of HLA testing in routine ophthalmic practice, its practical and cost implications is also assessed.
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    No allelic variant associations of the IL-1 and TNF gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to duodenal ulcer disease (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recent studies have reported the association of a pro-inflammatory profile of genetic polymorphisms in IL-1B, IL-1RN, TNF-A, and IL-10 genes with an increased risk of non-cardia gastric cancer. Because gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer are mutually exclusive outcomes of Helicobacter pylori infection, we aimed to investigate possible allelic variant associations of several functional polymorphisms in the IL-1B, IL-1RN, TNFA, and LTA genes in the susceptibility to duodenal ulcer. Genomic DNA from 118 patients with duodenal ulcer and 97 healthy controls was typed for the IL-1B polymorphisms at positions −511, −31, and +3954, the VNTR polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL-1RN gene, the TNFA−308, TNFA −238, and the NcoI and BsI LTA polymorphisms by PCR, SSCP and TaqMan assays. H. pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use was investigated in patients and controls. Logistic regression analysis identified H. pylori infection (OR: 12.86; 95%CI: 3.85–43), NSAID use (OR: 11.95; 95%CI: 4.19–34.05), and family history-ulcer (OR: 3.79; 95%CI: 1.68–8.54) as independent risk factors for duodenal ulcer. When the effect of the combinations of IL-1 and TNF genotypes was studied we found that the distribution of all possible combinations of these eight polymorphisms was similar in duodenal ulcer patients and controls. The simultaneous carriage of alleles IL-1RN*2/IL-1B −31T/IL-1B −511C/IL-IB +3954C/TNF-HaplotypeE negative (termed in some studies as ‘low-producing’ alleles) was increased in H. pylori-positive duodenal ulcer patients compared to H. pylori-infected healthy controls (10.5% vs. 5.9%) although the difference did not reach statistical significance (OR: 1.85; 95%CI: 0.57–5.99, P = 0.41). Moreover, no differences were found with respect to H. pylori status, NSAID use, age, gender, smoking habit, type of complication, recurrence of the ulcer, and need for surgical treatment. Our data show no association between allelic variants of IL-1 and TNF gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to and final outcome of duodenal ulcer.
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    A novel HLA-DRB1*15 allelic sequence isolated from the Han population of Guangdong, China (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A novel DRB1*15 allele, DRB1*1516, has been identified in a Guangdong Han individual. Its sequence was confirmed by sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products and clones. This allele differed by one nucleotide from DRB1*150101 at position 220 (G→A), resulting in an amino acid substitution from Gly to Arg at codon 45.
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    Author index (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Subject index (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Single nucleotide polymorphisms in four functionally related immune response genes in the horse: CD14,TLR4, Cɛ, andFcɛ R1 alpha (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within four functionally related immune response genes in the horse, and to develop genotyping techniques that could be useful for future genomic studies of horse infectious and allergic diseases. The genes analysed were: the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor gene CD14, the toll-like receptor 4 gene TLR4, the gene Cɛ encoding the IgE heavy chain molecule and the gene FcɛR1 alpha coding for the alpha subunit of the IgE receptor molecule. Horse-specific primers amplifying selected gene regions were designed and SNPs were searched by selective resequencing and/or by PCR-SSCP (polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific conformational polymorphism) or PCR-RFLP (PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Gene expression was analysed by RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-PCR) of all four genes examined. For CD14, the cDNA sequence was determined and a novel sequence of the 5′UTR region was identified. The protein-coding sequence was identical to that previously deposited in GenBank. 5′UTR, intronic and both synonymous and non-synonymous exonic SNPs were identified. Three SNPs were found in the CD14 gene, four in the TLR4 gene; two SNPs were identified in the Cɛ gene, and one SNP was found in the FcɛR1 alpha gene. PCR-RFLP was developed for genotyping eight of the SNPs identified. The RT-PCR assay showed that all the SNPs reported here are parts of expressed genes. The results showed that important immunity-related genes in horses are polymorphic and that even non-synonymous SNPs with potential functional impact may occur. The methods developed for genotyping and haplotyping the SNPs identified represent, along with markers described previously, a potentially useful tool for genomic analysis of the function and role of these genes in immunity and in mechanisms of disease.
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    MMP-7 promoter polymorphisms do not influence CD4+ recovery and changes in plasma viral load during antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) generates soluble Fas Ligand (FasL), which is involved in the apoptotic loss of CD4+ T cells during HIV infection. We evaluated whether two polymorphisms in MMP-7 promoter could influence CD4+ recover in response to antiretroviral therapy, and found that these polymorphisms are ineffective.
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update April 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Haplotyping of the canine MHC without the need for DLA typing (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The genomic matching technique has proven useful in MHC haplotyping in humans. We have adopted a similar approach in Australian cattle dogs and report that genotyping can be achieved with a single assay.
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update August 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Novel variations in the signal peptide region of transforming growth factor β1 gene in patients with hepatitis: a brief report from India (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Genotypic status of the signal peptide region of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) showed a significant difference in C/C-genotype frequency at +29 position (codon 10) between a range of viral hepatitis patients and controls (P = 0.009, OR = 3.15, CI = 1.29–7.678), contributed by those who were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) alone or HBV + hepatitis delta virus (HDV) (P = 0.003, OR = 5.0, CI = 1.78–13.97).
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update December 2004 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update October 2004 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Analysis of a biomarker for Wegener's granulomatosis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This molecular epidemiology study integrated questionnaire and genotype information to examine a disease susceptibility hypothesis. The study was based on a previously reported association demonstrated between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified as A-564G within the promoter of the proteinase-3 gene (PRTN3) and the autoimmune disease Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). To further examine the strength of this association, we employed a family-based design in which the inheritance of alternate alleles could be ascertained from the parents of affected and unaffected progeny. Genotype information for the study participants was derived from DNA samples from participants who collected buccal cells using a harvesting method that was non-invasive and self-administered. A brief questionnaire captured demographic data on the participants, the family relationships between participants, and the prevalence of autoimmune disease among family members. Samples were obtained on 132 individuals representing 43 WG cases and 89 unaffected controls. Thirty-four nuclear families containing at least one unaffected sibling or parent of a WG case were represented in this sample. We found no evidence for an association between A-564G and the likelihood of a WG diagnosis. We examined five additional SNPs and a sixth SNP haplotype within the PRTN3 promoter region in a family-based association analysis and found no evidence that mutations within PRTN3 are associated with WG diagnosis.
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    Genetic contribution of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) B + 252*2/2 genotype, but not the TNFa,b microsatellite alleles, to systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The contribution of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) B + 252 (TNFB) dimorphism and microsatellite polymorphisms of TNFa and TNFb to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied in Japanese patients. The TNFB dimorphism was determined using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method with NcoI digestion followed by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. TNFa and TNFb microsatellite polymorphisms were determined using the DNA sequencer and GeneScan program (Applera Corporation, Foster City, CA) followed by specific PCR amplification. HLA-DRB1*15 typing was carried out by the PCR-sequence specific conformational polymorphism (SSCP) method. In SLE, the allele frequency of TNFB*2 significantly increased (68.9%, P 〈 0.05) and the genotype frequency of TNFB*2/2 also increased (52.8%, P 〈 0.05). TNFB*2 showed no significant linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRB1*1501. The prevalence of TNFa13 and TNFb4 showed very slight increases, but these increases were not significant. An association analysis indicated that TNFB*2/2 conferred greater, or at least equal, susceptibility to SLE in Japanese patients in comparison with HLA-DRB1*1501. The TNFB*2/2 genotype may contribute additively with DRB1*1501 to SLE in Japanese patients. No association was observed between auto-antibodies and TNF. TNFB*2 is a genetic marker for SLE in Japanese patients, while TNFa and TNFb microsatellites are not associated with SLE.
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    The first report of the human platelet alloantigen 4b allele in a Brazilian (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The human platelet alloantigen (HPA) 4b allele is rarely observed in Caucasians and the observed incidence in Asians is usually lower than 1.0%. We report the first Brazilian with the allele HPA-4b, and were able to determined that he inherited it from his father.
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    Sequence analysis of the MHC class II DPB1 gene in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The diversity of the MHC class II region in non-human primates is a focus of biomedical research because this region plays a crucial role in the recognition of antigens in the immune system. In particular, the chimpanzee [Pan troglodytes (Patr)], which belongs to the superfamily Hominoidea, has been used as a human model for the study of diseases such as human hepatitis C virus (HCV), human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, to which only humans and chimpanzees are susceptible. In the present study, polymorphisms of the MHC-DPB1 gene (Patr-DPB1) in a chimpanzee colony in Japan were examined using a stepwise polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In order to design a suitable primer pair which would amplify exon 2 of the Patr-DPB1 gene, a fragment of approximately 8 kb from exon 1 to exon 3 was amplified from chimpanzee genomic DNA. After designing a 500-bp primer pair at the 3′ region of intron 1 and the 5′ region of intron 2, analysis of DPB1 exon 2 alleles of each chimpanzee was carried out. Twenty-two chimpanzees were used in our study, and we identified seven alleles by sequence analysis on the Patr-DPB1 gene, including one new allele. The obtained nucleotide sequence patterns suggest that Patr-DPB1 alleles emerge by genetic variations such as the exchange of sequence motifs and the accumulation of point mutations.
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update February 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00518.x
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    Cloning and sequencing of Indian water buffalo interleukin-18 cDNA (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Full-length cDNA (582 bp) of the interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene of the Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) was amplified by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence has 99% and 95% similarity with the IL-18 sequences of cattle and sheep, respectively. There are two amino acid substitutions at positions 132 and 182 in buffalo IL-18 compared with that of cattle. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the IL-18 sequence of fish forms a different lineage and is most divergent from that of cattle, buffalo, sheep, pig, dog, horse, human, monkey, mouse, rat and chicken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00493.x
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    Web-based submissions (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00510.x
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  • 90
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    Corrigendum (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00513.x
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update November 2004 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00500.x
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  • 92
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    Distribution of human chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes of the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) promoter in Chinese people, and the effects of CCR5 haplotypes on CCR5 expression (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) gene polymorphisms, V249I and T280M, and 10 CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) promoter haplotypes, P1–P10, have recently been reported to influence the progression of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). As these studies were performed mainly with Caucasian and African-American subjects, we determined the distribution of these alleles in Chinese people for the purpose of predicting possible clinical responses to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) epidemics in countries with significant Chinese populations, as well as to establish their effects on the expression of surface CCR5. Ninety-six HIV-negative Chinese individuals in Taiwan were subjected to genotyping, and we thus determined that the allelic frequencies of CX3CR1V249I and T280M changes were 2.6% and 2.1%, respectively, which were lower than found in Caucasians (25.5% and 14.0%, respectively). Unlike the previous reports, we only detected CCR5P1 and P4 haplotypes in Taiwanese people, and the P1/P1, P1/P4 and P4/P4 genotype frequencies were 21.0%, 41.1% and 37.9%, respectively. The sequencing data confirmed the results of previous studies, showing that CCR5P1 exhibited a complete linkage disequilibrium with a polymorphic allele 59029A present in the CCR5 promoter. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that, in the absence of the CCR2–64I mutation, individuals carrying CCR5P1 tended to express more surface CCR5 on monocytes and CD4+ cells. Therefore, this study not only reports the frequencies for the CX3CR1 and CCR5 promoter haplotypes in a Chinese population living in Taiwan, but also identifies a statistical link between the P1/P1 haplotype and the elevated CCR5 expression levels in the study group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00498.x
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    Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2004 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00509.x
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  • 94
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    Editorial (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00501.x
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    The HLA Dictionary 2004: a summary of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1/3/4/5 and -DQB1 alleles and their association with serologically defined HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR and -DQ antigens (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This report presents serological equivalents of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5 and -DQB1 alleles. The dictionary is an update of that published in 2001. The data summarize equivalents obtained by the World Health Organization Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System, the International Cell Exchange (UCLA), the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), recent publications and individual laboratories. This latest update of the dictionary is enhanced by the inclusion of results from studies performed during the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and from neural network analyses. A summary of the data as recommended serological equivalents is presented as expert assigned types. The tables include remarks for alleles, which are or may be expressed as antigens with serological reaction patterns that differ from the well-established HLA specificities. The equivalents provided will be useful in guiding searches for unrelated haematopoietic stem cell donors in which patients and/or potential donors are typed by either serology or DNA-based methods. The serological DNA equivalent dictionary will also aid in typing and matching procedures for organ transplant programmes whose waiting lists of potential donors and recipients comprise mixtures of serological and DNA-based typings. The tables with HLA equivalents and a questionnaire for submission of serological reaction patterns for poorly identified allelic products will be made available through the WMDA web page () and, in the near future, also in a searchable form on the IMGT/HLA database.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00497.x
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    Fishes associated with artificial reefs: attributing changes to attraction or production using novel approaches (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two widely-recognized hypotheses propose that increases in fish abundance at artificial reefs are caused by (a) the attraction and redistribution of existing individuals, with no net increase in overall abundance and (b) the addition of new individuals by production, leading to a net increase in overall abundance. Inappropriate experimental designs have prevented many studies from discriminating between the two processes. Eight of 11 experiments comparing fish abundances on artificial reefs with those on adjacent soft bottom habitats were compromised by a lack of replication or spatial interspersion in the design itself. Only three studies featured proper controls and replicated designs with the interspersion of reef and control sites. Goodness of fit tests of abundance data for 67 species from these studies indicated that more fishes occur on reefs than on controls, particularly for species that typically occur over hard substrata. Conversely, seagrass specialists favour controls over reefs. Changes in the appearance of fish abundance trajectories driven by manipulation of sampling intervals highlight the need for adequate temporal sampling to encompass key life history events, particularly juvenile settlement. To ultimately determine whether attraction and production is responsible for increased abundances on reefs, requires two experimental features: 1) control sites, both interspersed among artificial reefs and at reef and non-reef locations outside the test area and 2) incorporation of fish age and length data over time. Techniques such as otolith microchemistry, telemetry and stable isotope analysis can be used to help resolve feeding and movement mechanisms driving attraction and production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00915.x
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    A case study of habitat compensation to ameliorate impacts of hydroelectric development: effectiveness of re-watering and habitat enhancement of an intermittent flood overflow channel (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Development of the Rose Blanche River, insular Newfoundland, Canada, for hydroelectricity resulted in destruction of fluvial habitat and habitat compensation was required to achieve ‘no net loss’(NNL) of habitat productive capacity. The preferred compensation alternative involved modification of a 1·2 km long natural high flow, flood bypass channel, wetted only during peak snow melt events. The channel consisted of 99·6 units (100 m2) of habitat and was modified, with hydraulic control structures, to ensure a constant regulated flow. Physical enhancement included addition of spawning gravels, bank stabilization, protection dykes to prevent flooding and installation of low head barriers to create pools. A 3 year study (2000–2002) was undertaken to assess: (1) habitat stability in the channel, (2) re-population of the compensatory channel, (3) biological characteristics of fishes utilizing the channel and (4) movement and migration between the compensatory channel and the main river. Study results indicated evolution of meso-habitat characteristics due to geomorphological and hydrological factors, with distribution of spawning gravels and increased input of organic matter. The channel was utilized preferentially by brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, with a mix of size and age classes, indicating habitat use by all life stages. Total fish biomass over 3 years increased in the compensation channel while it decreased in the river main stem. Young-of-the-year density was strong for both brook trout and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in 2001 and 2002 suggesting good spawning and incubation conditions. Year class strength was less in the main river indicating differential (improved) survival in the compensatory habitat. Tag returns provided little evidence of site fidelity for both species suggesting considerable movement within the channel and possibly between the main river and channel. Habitat compensation effectiveness, in terms of NNL, determined that fish production in the compensatory channel achieved 69, 92 and 128% of lost production in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. Fish production increased each year after development and NNL was achieved by the third year. The NNL was achieved in the compensatory channel which contained 100 units as opposed to the 570 units destroyed, a 1 : 5·7 ratio. The results of the study indicated that both habitat area and a measure of habitat productive capacity need to be considered in planning and assessing habitat compensation projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00920.x
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    Habitat use, migration pattern and population dynamics of chevron snakehead Channa striata in a rainfed rice farming landscape (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Habitat use, migration, mortality and growth of the chevron snakehead Channa striata in a rainfed rice farming landscape of north-east Thailand were studied through a tagging experiment. A total of 751 fish were captured, tagged and released during three distinct events in the late dry season, and in the beginning and at the end of the wet season. Rice fields provided the major wet season habitat for C. striata. Small trap ponds built to provide dry season habitat on farms provided 20% of catches and, if not harvested, could increase recruitment to the spawning stock by 〉30% despite accounting for 〈1% of dry season habitat by area. Migrations were localized (mostly 〈500 m). Up-migration from perennial to seasonal water bodies at the beginning of the wet season involved longer distances and took place over a longer time than down-migration at the end of the wet season. Natural mortality rates were extremely high, particularly during the period of down-migration. Fishing mortality rates were high in absolute terms, but contributed only 6–36% to the total mortality. Growth was seasonal with a maximum towards the end of the wet season. Snakeheads have successfully colonized the rainfed rice farming landscape, where populations can withstand intensive exploitation and respond well to aquatic habitat management on farmland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00927.x
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    Spatial variation in population dynamics of juvenile Atlantic salmon: implications for conservation and management (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Application of habitat models for predicting expected local densities of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar in healthy populations has been hampered by a lack of generality in their fit to data from different systems. It is believed that this problem results at least in part from difficulties of effectively integrating factors that act across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Here, as an aid to developing more robust modelling and sampling methodologies, a simple process-based model for local-scale dynamics of Atlantic salmon juveniles is developed from first principles by integrating contemporary understanding of self-thinning, density-dependent growth and dispersal. The aim is to present a readily understood structure to illustrate the links between spawning and stocking strategies, habitat, migration and fish production. Based on this structure, contemporary understanding of the more complex biological processes that affect density, growth and habitat are discussed in relation to some of the key requirements of managers, including stocking for rehabilitation, assessment of predation impact and development of strategies for sampling populations effectively when deriving habitat-production models. A major conclusion is that more structured, integrated research is required to provide the basic variables needed to model links between local and global scale habitat and fish production effectively. Nevertheless, application of the current understanding of the biology of Atlantic salmon should be of great benefit to managers in extracting key information from field surveys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00929.x
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    Understanding fish habitat ecology to achieve conservation (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Habitat science can provide the unifying concepts to bring together ecological studies of physiological tolerances, predator avoidance, foraging and feeding, reproduction and life histories. Its unifying role is built on two assumptions, imported from terrestrial habitat science and not always stated explicitly: that competition is present interspecifically and intraspecifically under at least some conditions, and that habitat features have some persistence and predictability in space and time. Consistent with its central conceptual position in ecology, habitat science has contributed importantly to scientific advice on pollution, coastal zone management and many other areas of environmental quality, although it has been largely divorced from developments in fish populations dynamics done in support of fisheries management. Commitments by most management agencies to apply an integrated, ecosystem approach to management of human activities in marine systems, poses new challenges to marine science advisors to management. Integrated management and ecosystem approaches both inherently require spatial thinking and spatial tools, making habitat science a particularly relevant advisory framework, particularly because of the unifying role of habitat in ecology. The basic mechanisms behind ocean biological dynamics, productivity, concentration and retention, however, present much weaker opportunities for competition and less persistence and predictability, weakening the foundations of theory and concepts behind current habitat science. The paper highlights the new types of thinking about ‘habitat’ that will be required, if habitat science is to meet the advisory needs of the new approaches to management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00933.x
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