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  • Emerald  (3,058)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 1995-1999  (3,058)
  • 1999  (3,058)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishing instructional resources on the Web: a joint-university effort (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 12-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Co-ordinated by their scholarly association, textile/apparel faculty from multiple universities have succeeded in establishing a World Wide Web server dedicated to providing information from across their disciplines to enhance instruction. The process of server establishment and Web-site creation including funding, determination of information for posting, problems encountered, and future plans are reviewed. Other faculty could use this as a guide in establishing servers and Web sites for their own disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260262
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CyberInteractor - a teaching and research tool (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An original computer-based tool, dubbed CyberInteractor, is described. CyberInteractor is designed to facilitate immediate student feedback to an instructor and to other students in a classroom setting or via the World Wide Web. Feedback is saved in a database for educational research purposes. Students view a question that can include pictures, diagrams, a movie or sound clip, random numbers, and calculations involving the random numbers. After responding, they receive feedback showing how other students in the same class have responded. Newsgroups enable students to explain their reasoning. Instructors can give pre-tests and post-tests, and collect the answers and student discussions in files that can be analyzed later, thus facilitating the collection and processing of data from large numbers of students.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260352
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional response to computer-related repetitive strain injury (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 27-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes results of efforts to find institutional models for preventing computer-related repetitive strain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260389
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining feedback and assessment via Web-based homework (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 24-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Multiple choice homework, including feedback on each incorrect answer, is administered over the Web using an in-house program. The large enrollments in lower division courses hinder the use of homework without the aid of a computer for grading, recording, and reporting. The current system permits faculty to create assignments using only a word processor, which allows the facile inclusion of symbols, pictures, and other non-textual information. This is particularly important in science classes, where such material is a major part of any assignment. The system includes security measures, and reports scores back to instructors in a form which can be easily included into a spreadsheet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260370
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Faculty publishing productivity: the emerging role of network connectivity (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 30-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The identification of variables related to faculty publishing productivity is essential in promoting campus information and work environments that foster creativity. This study explores personal and institutional factors, especially the emerging role of the campus telecommunications environment, that support faculty productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260398
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confessions of a doubtful shaman (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: While the research literature is full of glowing reports of amazing success stories, this article enlightens the troops in the trenches with a disaster the author encountered in 1997 trying to implement distance learning of two classes in technology. Though we all want to hear success stories, many times we learn more from failure. This personal narrative explores what went wrong and what can be learned from the mistakes of others in the field
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260406
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Deploying Novell's BorderManager Internet Security Firewall: a case study (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the need for a security firewall. Describes the different firewall technologies and models available for deploying security firewalls. Describes the set of specifications chosen to implement the security firewall at the Tata Energy Research Institute and the approach taken to implement these specifications. Also describes the resources on security mailing lists, including Web sites available on the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Providing feedback to distant students (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a feedback system for distant students including the tools and documents to provide feedback on frequent fixed response assignments and on projects or essay response assignments. A distance feedback system depends upon carefully planned, written assignments; specified evaluation criteria; and technology. It includes documentation, progress tracking, standardized responses based upon the specified evaluation criteria, and multiple assessments during the course. The proposed feedback system accommodates technological limitations yet provides useful feedback to facilitate distant student learning. The system could be adapted to benefit students enrolled in traditional instruction. A description of the feedback system components follows a brief introduction to instructional feedback and feedback levels and functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272016
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategic information planning and campus information systems development in Indonesia (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University strategic planning for information systems and management was investigated for four Indonesian higher educational institutions. A combination of the case study approach and a survey of a small sample of academic staff who have used the systems, was undertaken. Staff perceptions of the service from information systems are described, and related to their perceptions of planning for these systems. A number of evaluations of specific information sources and delivery are given in detail. Policy document analysis showed little information systems planning as part of the university strategic planning. Some observations are made about the influence of strategic information system planning upon successful use of a university's information systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272025
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multimedia modules for enhancing technical laboratory sessions (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 81-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University students often enter physical laboratory sessions with minimal knowledge of the experiments to be conducted and little or no understanding of the underlying concepts that govern the investigations. As a result, lab time is used inefficiently; motivated students lose interest and routine procedures are followed with minimal learning. The authors have developed a set of multimedia modules meant to enhance, not replace, the technical laboratory experience. The modules are akin to well-conceived laboratory manuals applying multimedia tools, such as digital images and video clips, to better prepare the students for upcoming laboratory sessions. The modules are accessible through the Internet and include mechanisms for exchanging information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910281241
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    The library and you: curriculum integrated library instruction via the WWW (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: As an instructional medium, the World Wide Web offers a multitude of options for educators. This paper highlights the design, implementation and use of the WWW to provide and evaluate library instruction including: a curriculum- integrated tutorial for learning online resources, critical thinking and other information literacy skills; "Ask a librarian" e-mail reference service; a multi-user object-oriented environment (MOO) for real-time course-integrated instruction and synchronous reference service.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272034
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The essentials of effective online instruction (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 104-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the steps necessary to design an effective online course. Four essential steps are identified and considered: defining course objectives, providing access to information resources, developing and implementing effective learning strategies, and providing timely, context-specific feedback and motivational support to students. The aim of effective online course design is to produce a network learning environment in which students are able to construct progressively more adequate models of a targeted knowledge domain and acquire competence in using them in real-life situations. In order to accomplish this aim, technology must be used wisely, in pedagogically sound ways, within the context of a supportive institutional infrastructure, and in a manner that avoids some common obstacles to effective online learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910281269
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dear WWW: interacting with the public through the World Wide Web (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: For many educational institutions the World Wide Web has become a major avenue of communication with its constituencies. Students, potential students, faculty, staff, people at other institutions and the general public are all directing their questions to the e-mail address www@institution.edu The personnel that receive this mail are often ill-prepared for the quantity and variety of questions that arrive. This paper examines the evolution of this problem over the first four years of UC Davis' use of the Web, and presents some of the strategies that have proven useful for managing this onslaught.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289865
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of virtual reality support compared to video support in a high-school world geography class (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Virtual reality (VR) is a new computational paradigm that redefines the interface between human and computer. VR may result in a significant improvement over traditional instruction because it is not only an interactive multimedia tool but also a learning environment that is extremely close to reality. Yet there have been few empirical studies on the use of VR compared to that of other computerized or non-computerized educational tools. Examines VR both in different scenarios and for different applications in learning and teaching. The evaluation plan reported here addresses one aspect of such an assessment specifically ± the effect of VR support compared to that of video support in tenth graders' learning of world geography. One world geography course (N = 36) selected for this experiment was composed of five units. A rotation treatment was used, each group using VR for two units and videos for two units; in addition, one unit was optional for every student. Three procedures were used for data collection and analysis: to determine the effect of VR support, competency tests were administered; to determine student attitudinal responses toward VR, students were required to complete a survey and be interviewed; and to determine the tendency of returning to VR, students were given the option of attending the VR lab. This investigation was limited in several respects (e.g. data from a sample of students in a single class may not be representative of the population).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910281250
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human side of campus computing (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the effect that campus-based systems have on institutional culture. Strategic planning and decisions regarding information technology (IT), one of the few things that touches every member and unit on campus, needs to consider how IT changes the very culture of the institution. Major changes impact not only those directly involved in its development and use, but non-users as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289883
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Ecrire La Fontaine: technology for reading literature (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 140-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Today, foreign language teaching can find important resources in technology, the Internet, etc.; but how the teaching of foreign literature, or literature in general, might benefit from technology remains a more open question. The project "Writing La Fontaine" seeks to complement the traditional practice of literary imitation with technology that facilitates writing and peer-editing. The project allows for detailed study of the literary text and may provide a possible model for the use of technology in the teaching of literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289919
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Creation and evolution of a Web-based reference collection for an academic community (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes the development of a Web-based reference collection for an academic community. Includes such topics as collection development policies, tailoring the site to a specific audience, staff motivation, and site design. Discusses successes, failures and modifications during the first two years of the project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289928
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  • 18
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    Using an Internet-based distance learning model to teach introductory finance (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 136-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper focuses on the development of an Internet-based distance learning model for teaching the introductory finance course in the Finance Department at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU), America's newest institution of higher education which opened in August 1997. An important component of the mission of FGCU is the incorporation of technology and the needs of the regional community into curriculum design. The department felt it was important to develop a separate Internet-based course as an alternative to the traditional in-class introductory finance course. In this Internet-based course students are required to participate in a "boot camp" for the first few weeks, which covers only the most complex aspects of the course. After this initial period, the course is completely Web-based in design. The Web page for this course, located at http://www.tmag.com/sgarrison/courses/fin3240d/index.html, contains a variety of pedagogical materials to help students learn and comprehend course content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289892
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    If you build it, will they come? (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how a core group of faculty built the Lucid Chemistry Web Site over four years and how students in large first and second year chemistry courses have started to use it (slowly at first, and now to near 100 percent participation in some classes). The facility has been developed for use by key administrative units (Testing and Evaluation, Computer Services). Now coming to the Lucid Chemistry Web Site are roughly one-half of the chemistry department instructors and tenure-track faculty. Asks whether the task of teaching needs more "builders". Argues that more administrative involvement is needed with material creation and distribution. Will more users come? Yes, 100 percent participation by both teachers and students is a possibility. Mechanisms for achieving this goal are explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910299909
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  • 20
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    Empowerment, using skills and competence management (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Nowadays in order to contribute to the competitive strength of the organization empowerment is seen as a useful tool. But the organization must know what it wants to empower. Therefore it must be able to map the desired skills and competence levels for the workforce and to compare these with the actual situation. This article gives an overview of how to set up skills and competence management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910271429
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  • 21
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    Constitutive meaning and aspects of work environment affecting creativity in Lebanon (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper seeks to investigate the constitutive meaning of creativity as a construct through the relation between creativity and other constructs and to assess the possible effects of organizational climate on managers' creativity in Lebanon. The present study examines the construct validity of the KEYS instrument in order to gain further insights into the factors stimulating or hindering creativity in Lebanon and to create an environment infrastructure that encourages and reinforces creativity in developing countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910277793
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Value innovation perspective in Indian organizations (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 88-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents some of the major learning points of a study in innovation practices in Indian organizations. It explains the current concerns and imperatives of Indian organizations since the liberalization, privatization and globalization processes started in 1991. We attempt to formulate the logical distinctions between different clusters and hypothesize the phenomenon of innovation. We identify the innovative outcomes and the constraining forces. A model is proposed to understand the strategic implications. Value innovations require an organizational commitment to create a strong momentum for inside-in changes and the deeper the commitment, the more likely organizations are to advance in bringing inside-out value creating outcomes and attaining superior positions in the competition pace.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910283561
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  • 23
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    The influence of affirmative action on SMME culture in South Africa (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 148-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the impact of affirmative action on the culture of small business enterprises in South Africa. The functions of organizational culture are explored and utilized to reach a deeper understanding of the desired impact of affirmative action. Managers are identified as holding key roles as change agents. Recommendations include managing change from a culture perspective directed at creating participative management processes and shifting the enterprise's essential values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910298222
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  • 24
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    Beyond technical competence: the fundamentals of flexibility (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 194-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses flexibility and the ability to adapt as an essential attribute of leadership that is beyond technical competence. Defines flexibility as a process of continually examining situations and, when warranted, quickly adapting to changing circumstances. Examines the power of flexibility as it relates to changes in science, medicine and business practice. Defines flexibility as a tool to be used only by the brave and not as a shield for cowards who fear the harsh realities of decision making. Depicts flexibility as an essential behaviour that promotes and supports quality leadership. Provides guidance, techniques and examples that can be used to enhance leadership skills. Establishes a sound philosophy to increase the probability for long-term success and professional fulfillment. Includes quotes from contemporary as well as historical leaders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910298178
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Consumer cost differences for traditional and Internet markets (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 82-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper we address research issues related to the economics of electronic, Internet-based markets. First, what are the consumer cost-based differences for traditional and electronic markets? Second, what revenue implications does increased electronic market utilization have for sellers and transaction intermediaries? Based on an empirical, survey-based study of an electronic market in the sports trading card industry we find that prices, search costs, and sales taxes are lower in the electronic markets, while risk costs, distribution costs, and market costs are lower in traditional markets. We discuss the implications this has for seller, intermediary and government revenue sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264819
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  • 26
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    Corporate Web sites in traditional print advertisements (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This study attempts to better understand how marketers are creating bridges between traditional advertising and the Internet. As such, it describes the Web presence in print advertisement. A content analysis of 1,249 ads in 20 magazines found: 42 percent included Web addresses; Business Week ads were most likely to include Web addresses; 98 percent of print advertisements for autos included Web addresses, while office equipment advertisements (including computer ads) included Web addresses only 10 percent of the time; and that 68 percent of Web sites were used to develop a database of potential customers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264846
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  • 27
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    The changing role of community networks in providing citizen access to the Internet (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 100-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article examines the changing role of community network associations or "freenets" in providing Internet access by examining the case of the Calgary Community Network Association (CCNA) located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The changing role of the CCNA is examined against the backdrop of the withdrawal of states from the telecommunications field, the priorities of the Canadian government, and the role of the private sector. Community networks may ultimately focus on persons who do not have computers, while advertising supported services may attract those with computers who may not wish or cannot afford to pay a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264855
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  • 28
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    Going with the flow: Web sites and customer involvement (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper investigates a structure of commercial Web sites, and then attempts to analyse various patterns that emerge which may be of future use as a guideline to businesses that intend establishing a Web presence. Key to the understanding of these patterns is a clearer grasp of the implications of human interaction with the new medium. The focus is on an experiential construct, namely flow, and how this might vary by Web site, and on using this to begin to unravel the secrets of good commercial Web site design and its implications for business.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264873
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  • 29
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    Searching the Web: a survey of EXCITE users (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 117-128 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Web search services are now a major source of information for a growing number of people. We need to know more about how users search Web search engines to improve the effectiveness of their information retrieval. This paper reports results from a major study exploring users' information searching behavior on the EXCITE Web search engine. The study is the first to investigate Web users' successive searching behavior as they conduct related searches
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264882
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    Evaluating domestic and international Web-site strategies (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 297-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper presents the AIPD approach to the evaluation of commercial Web sites within or across borders. The author explains how benchmarking techniques can be used to compare attracting, informing, positioning, and delivering (AIPD) strategies of Web sites in order to clarify strategic opportunities or advantages. The AIPD model is then used to compare the Internet strategies of some Japanese and American banks. Results show that Japanese banks have created more dynamic and content rich Internet environments than their American counterparts. Cultural and institutional differences are given for the contrasting approaches to Web design, information and service delivery.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286842
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    Telecommunication and information infrastructures in the Botswana and SADC development strategy (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 287-296 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: By 2016, Botswana aspires to triple its 1994 per capita income and to completely diversify its economic base. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) objectives, as spelt out in the SADC Policy document, emphasise the attainment of enhanced development and economic growth, poverty alleviation, and support of the socially disadvantaged through regional integration. Since telecommunications have long been recognised as the engine for economic growth, the aspirations of SADC and Botswana are consistent with the SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications, and Metrology, which aims at developing a reliable, efficient, vibrant, consumer-driven telecommunications sector. We examine the focus of the World Bank and the International Telecommunications Union, in global telecommunications development. We then discuss the efforts of Botswana and other SADC states in ensuring that they take advantage of the private sector finances to build reliable, sophisticated public telecommunications networks for entry into the Global Information Infrastructure (GII).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286824
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    The authors of academic library home pages: their identity, training and dissemination of Web construction skills (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 309-319 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article reports on a study designed to identify the authors of academic library home pages and to investigate the nature of their training and their use of newly-acquired Web design skills. The major finding of the study is that librarians more often than non-librarians are assuming the responsibility for writing home pages for academic libraries in very large public colleges and universities. In addition to professional identity, factors such as length of service to an institution, current job title, and prior education play a role in determining the likelihood that an individual will write the home page for his or her employing library. Learning the skills needed to write a home page requires time for training. Institutional support for training is considered vital and well worth the investment because training is very often disseminated beyond the home page authors. Teaching others Web construction skills is one of the ways library home page authors most frequently apply their newly acquired abilities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286833
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    Electronic courses: old wine in new bottles? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 339-347 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Offerings of electronic courses and degrees are growing at a surprising rate. Some have surmised that E courses represent the future for higher education and that the traditional university may soon be a relic of the past: do E courses represent a significant improvement over traditional pedagogy for educating students? In this context, 305 questionnaires were sent by e-mail to accounting chairpersons in the USA. A total of 94 usable responses was received. Nearly 65 per cent of the respondents indicated that E courses are simply correspondence courses presented with new technology. Those who view E courses as correspondence courses are more negative on offering E courses in university programs or offering degrees through the completion of only E courses. They are also more restrictive with E courses, favoring the proctoring of exams and requiring students to come to campus as part of the E course. Additionally, they tended to agree that "the student-to-student and the student-to-instructor interaction that are missing in E courses makes them less valuable to the student." Instead of viewing E courses and E degrees as the "university of the future", they see them as adjuncts to university programs just as correspondence courses have been for decades.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297741
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    An analysis of fraud on the Internet (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 348-360 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper examines the issue of fraud on the Internet and discusses three areas with significant potential for misleading and fraudulent practices, namely: securities sales and trading; electronic commerce; and the rapid growth of Internet companies. The first section of the paper discusses securities fraud on the Internet. Activities that violate US securities laws are being conducted through the Internet, and the US Securities and Exchange Commission has been taking steps to suppress these activities. The second section of the paper discusses fraud in electronic commerce. The rapid growth of electronic commerce, and the corresponding desire on the part of consumers to feel secure when engaging in electronic commerce, has prompted various organizations to develop mechanisms to reduce concerns about fraudulent misuse of information. It is questionable, however, whether these mechanisms can actually reduce fraud in electronic commerce. The third section of the paper discusses the potential for fraud arising from the rapid growth of Internet companies, often with little economic substance and lacking traditional management and internal controls. The paper examines the three areas of potential Internet fraud mentioned above and suggest ways in which these abuses may be combated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297750
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    Mobile agents for Web-based systems management (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 360-371 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The increasing dimension and heterogeneity of global Web systems make their management with tools based on the client/server model more difficult. The mobile agent technology overcomes the limits of traditional approaches and proposes solutions that are suitable for the management of distributed and heterogeneous Internet-based systems. The paper describes the MAMAS environment and its implementation with a mobile agent technology. MAMAS has the goals of monitoring the whole system, introducing dynamic corrective actions and modifying system policies at run-time. MAMAS achieves these objectives by answering the guidelines of both security and compliance to standards. The choice of Java as the implementation language has made it possible to achieve portability, to exploit the language security features, and to provide Web accessibility. The MAMAS compliance with CORBA ensures interoperability with legacy management platforms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297769
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    Security implications of electronic commerce: a survey of consumers and businesses (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 372-382 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the general requirement for security technologies in order to provide a basis for trust in the e-commerce environment. The discussion is supported by the findings from two surveys, conducted by the authors, among general Internet users (i.e. potential target consumers) and commercial businesses. These surveys considered both the attitudes to e-commerce in general and opinions relating to the associated security requirements. Attempts were also made to assess the respondent's knowledge of the existing security safeguards that may be applied. The survey results suggest that, while there is significant concern among Internet-based consumers regarding the security of their purchasing activities, these are outweighed by the merits offered by the medium. The results also suggested a lack of awareness or understanding of the security technologies that are available and it is concluded that overcoming this problem would help to establish a wider foundation of trust in the new technology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297778
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    Benchmarking: a tool for Web site evaluation and improvement (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 383-392 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Although benchmarking has touched many areas of an organization, including information systems, very few examples are available on how this powerful methodology can be used to specifically address one of the fastest growing elements within information systems - the World Wide Web. This paper presents a case study on how benchmarking was used to determine how one organization's Web site compared to Web sites of related schools and professional organizations. The results of the benchmarking study provided a measure of how our Web site compares to the sites of related organizations, ideas on how we may further enhance our site, and also a way to regularly evaluate our site.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297787
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    Empowerment in small businesses (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 180-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The concept of empowerment has received a great deal of attention in recent years. However, the empowerment knowledge base is predominantly large company-oriented with little evidence of understanding what empowerment means in a small business context. It is inappropriate to treat the small firm as a microcosm of a large organisation. The small business is qualitatively as well as quantitatively different and this article propounds that it is questionable whether the concept of empowerment and its various dimensions as portrayed in the literature are readily transferable to small businesses. It is suggested that empowering management approaches are key features of successful growth-oriented small firms but the current body of empowerment literature fails to encapsulate the idiosyncrasies and informalities of the small business operation, and thus convey understanding of the unique and novel forms of empowerment which facilitate sustainable development. Case study insight is used to support these propositions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910298169
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    The impact of the Internet on the role of travel consultants (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper discusses the attitude and views of travel consultants on the impact of Internet related technologies on their future employment and their abilities to cope with the threat of dis-intermediation. The authors anticipate that changes in the travel distribution process brought about by the Internet and other technologies will result in retail travel agencies experiencing lower business volume and hence difficulty in maintaining business viability. Against this background, a number of questions need to be addressed. What is the attitude of consultants towards new technologies in travel distribution? Are travel consultants prepared to meet the new challenges? What will be the role of travel consultants? Using a survey of 102 travel consultants, the paper shows the lack of awareness and negative attitude displayed by travel consultants in this rapidly changing distribution environment. The paper further suggests measures and training programs that could be undertaken to address the situation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910303595
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    Issues and challenges in the positioning of service brands: a review (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 106-118 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to positioning and, more specifically, positioning of service brands. This is so because of the unique characteristics of services. Although some authors argue that there are no marked differences between positioning in services and that of physical goods, the vast majority of marketing scholars believe that it is difficult to embark on positioning strategies in services. Sheds some light on this issue within the context and aims to contribute to the debate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910266968
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    Microeconomic analysis-based comparative evaluation of brands (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 119-131 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A brand is a kind of sign by which we can distinguish one commodity from another. Commodity prices, as well as consumers' utility and firms' profit, are affected by brands. Presents a theoretical framework that incorporates aspects of brand in microeconomic analysis. The theory developed makes it possible to infer the quality of differentiated products from the price distribution of the second-hand market for that product. A case study illustrates the workings of the methodology; the application evaluates the quality of the Japanese motorcycle manufacturers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910266977
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    Strategies for building consumer brand preference (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 130-144 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The marketer's principal objective is typically to build a relationship with buyers, rather than merely to make a single sale. Ideally, the essence of that relationship consists of a strong bond between the buyer and the brand. Outlines six strategies for building that relationship: linking the brand to a particular need; associating it with a pleasant mood; appealing to subconscious motives; conditioning buyers to prefer the brand through reward; penetrating perceptual and cognitive barriers to create preference; and providing attractive models for buyers to emulate. The choice of an individual strategy or combination depends mainly on the nature of the branded product or service. The success of the strategy depends heavily on the marketer's understanding of the preference building and bonding process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910266986
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    Marketing causes and implications of consumer confusion (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 319-342 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explores the concept of consumer confusion; what causes it, how consumers react to it and how marketers can influence it. The focus proposed differs from previous work by integrating the notions of stimulus overload and stimulus similarity as well as acknowledging conscious and unconscious confusion. The marketing determinants of confusion are classified and an inventory of confusion reduction strategies is discussed. Examines the marketing and policy implications of confusion, presents a checklist for brand managers to use when conducting a confusion audit and highlights areas for future research, especially into measurement of the concept.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910284300
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    A model for determining price markdowns of seasonal merchandise (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 352-361 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Retailers of seasonal merchandise often face the problem of selling a fixed inventory over a short selling season. For a small retailer, with a sunk investment in inventory, a major objective is revenue maximisation. This paper is concerned with the provision of decision support for the tactical problem of dynamically marking down the price of seasonal merchandise in order to increase/maintain revenue. A heuristic procedure is developed for quickly identifying, and highlighting for review, items which are "slow selling" and "economically viable for price markdown". It is shown how a retailer can use such information in determining the timing and magnitude of price markdowns.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910284328
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    An empirical study which compares the organisational structures of companies managing the World's Top 100 brands with those managing Outsider brands (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 402-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Contains the results of a quantitative research study which compared the organisational structures of the World's Top 100 brand companies with those of less successful companies, referred to in this article as Outsider brand companies. Identifies that whilst the type of organisational structure may not be seen as a determinant of brand success, perceptions of whether the organisational structure was right for them, were. In other words, managers of brands need to feel that the organisational structure allows them to manage in the way they consider necessary to deliver brand success. In some instances this might mean an authoritarian style of management through a hierarchical organisational structure and in others, it might mean a more democratic style of management through relatively flat organisational structures. The results are discussed in the context of brand management theory and practice and the postmodern paradigm shift regarding organisational structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910296000
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    EC steel prices and imports: impact of imports from Eastern Europe (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 443-454 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As might be expected, steel product prices fell during the recession of the early 1990s. Between 1990 and 1992, steel prices fell by about a third. As the economies of the EC recovered from the recession from early 1993, steel prices rose but by mid-year it was clear that the increase was much below what was expected. It soon became clear that expected price rises were being mitigated by rising imports from Eastern European countries. This paper considers the process of steel price determination in the EC and the effect of cheap imports on EC prices. It shows that unregulated and relatively cheaper imports from the Former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern European countries indeed had a more depressing effect on EC prices by raising supply than would have been the case otherwise.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910296046
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    Leadership in change and the wisdom of a gentleman (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 5-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Resistance to change is a centerpiece in the traditional change agenda. The author argues that resistance to change is not a basic part of our make-up and he uses the example of his grandfather's life to provide examples of the many dramatic changes that have successfully impacted on people's lives during the twentieth century. The author outlines the leadership inadequacies that result in change initiatives being rejected. Central to these leadership problems are a lack of vision, limited integrity, lack of courage, inappropriate language, limited understanding of true empowerment, and only a passing commitment to leadership as service. The argument concludes that while many modern leaders have been trained in the what and the how of change, the real problem lies in the fact that the why and the who gains remains largely mute.
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    Working smarter: the impact of technology on marketer motivation (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 56-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The variables impacting marketers' motivation to work smarter are examined. These influencing variables are the manager's venturesomeness, job challenge, effort and skill results, as well as self-esteem. The model is empirically tested using 273 responses to a questionnaire distributed to marketers using a purchased, national mailing list. The empirical tests were done using a structural equations approach and maximum likelihood estimation. The results indicate that the motivation to work smarter is directly and positively impacted by the manager's job challenge, effort and skill results, and venturesomeness. The manager's self-esteem has positive, indirect impacts on the motivation to work smarter through each of the manager's venturesomeness, effort and skill results, and job challenge. Based on these results, recommendations on how marketers can be encouraged to work smarter are made.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910277810
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    Downsizing and the emergence of self-managed teams (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 109-130 
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    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article explores the effects of downsizing and the subsequent emergence of self-managed work teams. Continuous and accelerated change has resulted in massive downsizing activities by organizations. A classical model for the planning - implementing - and design of the downsizing process is presented. Group structure and typology is presented in terms of formal versus informal groups. The impact of groups and group dynamics, the stages of group development, and impact upon effectiveness, environment, design and learning processes will be included. Attention is given to the survivors of downsizing who form the foundation of the self-managed team. Leadership demands are presented in terms of leading the survivors, ensuring commitment and managing the future. The emergence of the SMT in terms of productivity, expectations and the management of conflict complete this exhaustive review of empirical data required for action-driven organizations in a turbulent environment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910287837
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    The UK context of workplace empowerment: Debating HRM and postmodernity (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 163-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Offers insights into workplace empowerment by concentrating on the wider contemporary (UK) context of work, conceptualising work in the on-going debates on human resource management (HRM) and postmodernity. Connections are made between theory and practice in HRM and postmodern critique, drawing on an empirical case study. Compares the postmodern motifs of consumerism and consumption, commodification and image projection and the HRM ideals of commitment, individuality and continuous development. Suggests that viewing HRM as discourse may enable a focus for, if not a reconciliation of, the debate between theoretical HRM and HRM in practice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910298231
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    Developing individual freedom to act: Empowerment in the knowledge organization (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Empowerment in organizations 7 (1999), S. 204-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4891
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Empowerment, a term often misunderstood, is a synergistic process of individual development through which the base of influence in an organization is enlarged. Individual empowerment requires that the philosophy of the organization, principally enacted through its administrative system, support employees in accomplishing organizational goals. Support comes from effective and efficient managerial allocation of organizational resources. Two different organizational philosophies are presented and discussed in terms of their impact on empowerment: organizational resource conservation and organizational resource integration. Differences between the philosophies are explained through a conceptual model of preventing failure versus assuring success. Implications of each philosophy for the practice of management in knowledge organizations are discussed. These implications are based on the assumption that managerial behaviors determine how successful will be the process of empowerment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14634449910303603
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    The value of using students as participants in educational software development: differentiated outcomes within an open learning environment (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 179-185 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Not enough attention has been given to the psychological and educational value of student participation. Provides an overview and some answers derived from a project on guided design and development of interactive multimedia learning environments. Shows the relevant trends in modern education as well as the psychological relation and benefits to the learners and the institution. The time has come to use the challenges of design in a constructivist fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910300799
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    Security aspects of an enterprise-wide network architecture (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 8-15 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Two main areas of activity can be identified in the field of network security: the local area network and the common point between networks. Presents an overview of two projects concerning the above-mentioned areas. While the first will concern security architectures based on active firewall components, the second presents a secure intranet solution. The combination of active firewall components with the DMZ concept can translate a security policy into reality and will result in a high level security firewall system. One of the most important security problems in an intranet is to ensure that every user has access only to the information which is relevant for his/her work. In our project this is solved using role-dependent information access for each user.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251264
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    Architectures for secure portable executable content (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 16-24 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Java programming language supports the concept of downloadable executable content; a key technology in a wide range of emerging applications including collaborative systems, electronic commerce, and Web information services. Java enables the execution of a program, on almost any modern computer regardless of hardware configuration and operating system. Safe-Tcl was proposed as an executable content type of MIME and thus as the standard language for executable contents within e-mail messages. However, the ability to download, integrate, and execute code from a remote computer, provided by both Java and Safe-Tcl, introduces serious security risks since it enables a malicious remote program to obtain unauthorised access to the downloading system's resources. In this paper, the two proposed security models are described in detail and the efficiency and flexibility of current implementations are evaluated in a comparative manner. Finally, upcoming extensions are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251273
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    Strategies for content migration on the World Wide Web (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 25-34 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The World Wide Web has experienced explosive growth as a content delivery mechanism, delivering hypertext files and static media content in a standardised way. However, this content has been unable to interact with other content, making the Web a distribution system rather than a distributed system. This is changing, however, as distributed component architectures are being adapted to work with the Web's architecture. This paper tracks the development of the Web as a distributed platform, and highlights the potential to employ an often neglected feature of distributed computing: migration. Argues that all content on the Web, be it static images or distributed components, should be free to migrate according to either the policy of the server, or the content itself. The requirements of such a content migration mechanism are described, and an overview of a new migration mechanism, currently being developed by the authors, is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251318
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    Distriblets: Java-based distributed computing on the Web (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 35-40 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a system for using the World Wide Web to distribute computational tasks to multiple hosts on the Web. A programmer with a computation to distribute registers it with a Web server. An idle host uses this server to identify available computations and downloads a Java class to perform the computation - we call this class a distriblet. The paper describes the programs written to carry out the load distribution, the structure of a distriblet class, and our experience in using this system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251327
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    Managing large WWW sites (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 41-48 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The trend towards ever-larger WWW sites with hundreds of thousands of pages maintained by teams of developers has made apparent the need for tools to manage such large-scale efforts. In this paper we present a mechanism for organising and manipulating groups of nodes and links in WWW sites. These constructs are used to create dynamic views of the data in a given site according to various organisational and presentational criteria. Moreover, proven techniques for the management of hypertext networks (e.g. versioning, variants, etc.) can be readily implemented through the use of this model. Additionally, the model allows the creation of user views through the combination of these constructs via a number of operations. After the description of our model we present a prototype system developed at the University of Geneva that demonstrates how the mechanisms included in our model can be integrated into an existing http server. We then examine how the same mechanisms can be employed in the management of large WWW sites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251354
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    Multimedia applications in heterogeneous Internet/ATM environments (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 49-57 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: New application types such as distributed multimedia applications have to provide a certain quality of service (QoS) to the users. Since they handle time-critical information such as audio and video data, they need appropriate support from the system components and especially from the network. New protocols and mechanisms have been developed over recent years to offer integrated services by serving both discrete media data (such as text and graphics) and continuous-media data (i.e. audio and video) in digital networks. Internet and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) are the main players in this area and both possess QoS architectures which allow them to integrate services of data- and tele- communications formerly performed by separate infrastructures. We believe that both will co-exist for a significant amount of time, potentially complemented by other, perhaps simpler, approaches which are currently under investigation, such as differentiated services. Therefore, an interaction between these two architectures is necessary. In this paper, we discuss interaction approaches for the QoS architectures developed for the Internet and for ATM. We base this description on requirements and scenarios of multimedia applications and on the possible communication patterns considering different topological variants for heterogeneous Internet-ATM networks.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251363
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    Mechanisms of component-oriented software development (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 66-75 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Componentware is a new paradigm in software development that is based on the concept of a software component. Software components are self-contained, immutable units of software which can be distributed over large networks or even over the Internet. The distribution of software components requires new, Internet-based search and retrieval mechanisms. A set of collaborating software components is called componentware. We discuss the architectural requirements and mechanisms of componentware, a technical realisation of a componentware architecture, and identify obstacles in building componentware. Finally, we propose possible solutions for the realisation of componentware and componentware architectures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251381
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    Mobile access to the Internet: a mediator-based solution (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 58-65 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Nomadicity is a new challenge for computing and communication technologies. Modern cellular telephone systems extend the usability of portable personal computers enormously. A nomadic user can be given ubiquitous access to remote information stores and computing services. However, the behaviour of wireless links creates severe inconveniences within the traditional data communication paradigm. In this paper we give an overview of the problems related to wireless mobility. We also present a new software architecture for mastering the problems and discuss a new paradigm for designing mobile distributed applications. The key idea in the architecture is to place a mediator, a distributed intelligent agent, between the mobile node and the wireline network.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251372
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    Educational superhighways - in the public or private interest? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 225-231 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Considers the world-wide emergence of "educational superhighway" policies: government programmes aiming to connect school systems to the Internet - and explores their relevance to education. By examining the key actors and motives behind educational Internet initiatives the paper argues that such policies are primarily economically not educationally driven. The implications of this are then considered in the light of increasing global information priorities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274629
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    Enhancing the quality of low bit-rate real-time Internet communication services (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 212-224 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet environment, with its packet-switched network and lack of resource reservation mechanisms, has made the delivery of low bit-rate real-time communication services particularly difficult and challenging. The high potential transmission delay and data packet loss under varying network conditions will lead to unpleasant and unintelligible audio and jerky video play-out. The Internet TCP/IP protocol suite can be extended with new mechanisms in an attempt to tackle such problems. In this research, an integrated transmission mechanism that incorporates a number of existing techniques to enhance the quality and deliver "acceptable" real-time services is proposed. These techniques include the use of data compression, data buffering, dynamic rate control, packet lost replacement, silence deletion and virtual video play-out mechanism. The proposed transmission mechanism is designed as a generic communication system so that it can be used in different systems and conditions. This approach has been successfully implemented and demonstrated using three separate systems that include the Internet Phone, WebVideo and video-conferencing tool.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274610
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    The knowledge continuum - organizing for research and scholarly communication (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 232-242 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Office of Information Services (OIS) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is undergoing a major organizational transition to function as a cohesive unit under the concept of the knowledge continuum. The concept is based on the premise that the processes which contribute to the creation of new knowledge in the research environment form part of a continuum which has no beginning and no end. Thus, it concludes that the knowledge continuum is best served by an organizational structure which extends its contribution and role in the scholarly process of research to produce and disseminate results which benefit scholarly communication. The knowledge continuum assesses the various elements that contribute to scholarly communication and seeks to provide a continuum of support services whereby the identification, absorption, utilization, and manipulation of existing knowledge merge with the organization, creation, and dissemination of new knowledge. This case study analyzes the application of the concept of the knowledge continuum, through the use of Internet technology, and the resulting organizational implications and conclusions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274638
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    Digital signature management (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 262-271 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Digital Signature Project (ELU-project) is coordinated by the STUZZA, a subsidiary of the leading Austrian business banks. The aim of the project is to establish an infrastructure for applying smart card-based digital signatures in banking and electronic commerce applications. One important requirement is to conform to all relevant international standards to ensure interoperability in case of a later connection to an international certification infrastructure. One part of the infrastructure is a public directory in the form of an LDAP-server from which the X.509v3 certificates of the public signature keys can be retrieved. To provide for integrity, strong data authenticity and non-repudiation of all directory information it was important to apply some security features that have not been standardized for LDAP yet. In this way the user can be sure that he is talking to the trusted directory when retrieving certificates and certificate-related information. In this paper we give an overview of the project and some insights into some of the interesting parts of the system specification and design.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286725
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    A study of student perspectives on Web-based learning: WebCT in the classroom (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 393-408 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: WebCT has been used to support traditional teaching techniques for the entire 1997-98, and half of the 1998-99, academic years. It was used within the structure of over 60 courses (enrolling a total of more than 1,000 students) in the English, Theology, Modern Languages, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Management Information Systems, Law, Pharmacy, Medicine, and Business programs. Concerned with the impact WebCT might have within a traditionally oriented liberal arts teaching environment, the author explored the views of the students, rather than the faculty and system administrators, who were required to use the WebCT tools in their classes. Data from students addressing the use of WebCT in their classes are now available for three full semesters, providing an expanded assessment over earlier findings. The ramifications of the use of WebCT as a course adjunct and course presentation tool are addressed based upon the data collected from Creighton University students over the past 18 months of WebCT use.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297796
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    Jamaica: a World Wide Web profiler (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 129-139 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet has caused an information explosion and created a need to efficiently determine the relevance of information. This paper describes a system named Jamaica, which profiles the interest of a Web surfer. Jamaica searches desired information using different search engines. The hits are verified to eradicate erroneous links and duplicated documents. Refinement is carried out to customize and rank the results. Jamaica is built on a client-server architecture, achieving a compact, independent information profiler. Results of an evaluation carried out against a number of commercial search engines are shown to illustrate that Jamaica is able to obtain more relevant information compared to a single search engine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264891
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    A knowledge-based approach to domain-specialized information agents (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 140-152 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Finding specific information on the Web can be difficult and time-consuming due to the Web's tremendous size and the current speed of network connections. Information agents that search the Web on behalf of users are invaluable. Since information needs are diverse, there should be tools for users to build their own agents that specialize in finding the information they want. These tools should be usable by non-programmers. This paper describes ARIS, a shell for constructing information agents without coding. Our approach is akin to expert system shells, where the user supplies the knowledge for each specialist agent, and a common engine utilizes the agents' knowledge. An agent's search is guided by knowledge about how Web sites in a given domain are typically structured. We also report on our experiences with two agents built using ARIS.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264909
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    Perceptions of the Internet: what people think when they search the Internet for information (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 187-199 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The study described in this article aimed to gather insights into what people think when they search the Internet for information. The premise is that people relate to information services and systems metaphorically. In other words, they identify the system or service as analogous to something perhaps more mundane or commonplace. These are known as wild metaphors. They help to explain the unknown or unfamiliar and help us to learn new things. They arise from our individual beliefs and backgrounds but they are also inevitably influenced by our collective experience of contemporary media characterisations of the Internet. This study relates the analogies that academics in Australia report for the Internet with the satisfaction that they derive from information seeking on the network. It provides some insight into how academics in Australia perceive the Internet when they use it to search for information.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274575
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    Semantic processing performance of Internet machine translation systems (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 153-160 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet has the potential to facilitate understanding across cultures and languages by removing the physical barriers to intercultural communication. One possible contributor to this development has been the recent release of freely-available automated direct machine translation systems, such as AltaVista with SYSTRAN, which translates from English to five other European languages (French, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese), and vice versa. However, concerns have recently been raised over the performance of these systems, and the potential for confusion that can be created when the intended meaning of sentences is not correctly translated (i.e. semantic processing errors). In this paper, we use an iterative paradigm to examine errors associated with interlingual divergence in meaning arising from the automated machine translation of English proverbs. The need for the development of Web-based translation systems, which have an explicit cross-linguistic representation of meaning for successful intercultural communication, is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910265025
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    The Internet as a "virtual cultural region": are extant cultural classification schemes appropriate? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 178-186 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper examines the concept of the Internet as a virtual cultural region with its own demographics and psychographics. Longitudinal studies of the changing make up of Internet users have been running for much of the 1990s and market intelligence companies have been applying their proprietary segmentation models to this data and also creating new models specifically for the Internet. At a more sociological level, what are the cultural norms and cutoms of the population of the Internet cultural region? This paper complements the market intelligence research by an investigation into the applicability of cultural classification schemes as exemplified by Hofstede with a view to information extant and prospective Internet involvement. Finally, practical recommendations are made in order to reduce the risk of activities likely to cause irritation of and non-response from this burgeoning new market.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274566
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    Webmasters as mass media gatekeepers: a qualitative exploratory study (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 200-211 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Eight college and university Webmasters in three midwestern states were interviewed to explore their communications practices and activities by applying a traditional mass media gatekeeping perspective. The results suggest that gatekeeping theory is a valuable approach for studying individuals responsible for the mediation of messages in the emerging online media. Webmasters' personal characteristics and attitudes were found to influence their media content decisions, they share common values used to determine content and design, and they face a variety of organizational and related constraints, some exclusive to Web gatekeepers in an academic setting. Examples of gatekeeping activity and observations by the informants are presented, and suggestions for future research are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910274601
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    The marketing of gambling on the Internet (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 281-286 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: It is estimated that gambling on the Internet will be worth as much as $3bn by 2001. Gambling via interactive technology is already underpinned by two recent changes in consumer behaviour. First, increasing familiarisation with interactive technology and second, by changes in the way the gambling market operates. These already changing behaviour patterns, signal the success drivers on which gambling on the internet can build. The implications of this new leisure consumption pattern are discussed and the paper concludes that the synergy between marketing gambling and technology will transform the production and consumption of gambling.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286798
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    The Internet and the independence of individuals with disabilities (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 272-280 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This study examines the role of the Internet and its usage on the level of perceived independence among people with physical disabilities. A questionnaire was posted on the Internet as well as distributed to two associations. It was answered by 24 people with physical disabilities who use the Internet, and 22 people with physical disabilities who do not use the Internet. The results of the two groups were compared. It was found that an increase in the number of Internet services used positively influences the perceived level of independence among individuals with physical disabilities. This was particularly true for independence related to the fields of employment and learning. The various Internet services used do not impact the same components of independence to the same degree. The usage of the World Wide Web and Telnet particularly benefits independence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286743
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    The application of airline yield management techniques to a holiday retail shopping setting (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 61-72 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Most airlines utilize a revenue maximizing technique called yield management (YM), which allows the airlines to allocate their fixed capacity of seats to various fare categories in the most profitable manner possible. The discriminatory pricing goal is to sell only non-discounted seats to the business travel segment. Suggests that yield management techniques may also be appropriate in certain retail settings where capacity (i.e. product inventory) is not necessarily "perishable" in the same sense as unsold seats on an airline flight however, its value may decline with the culmination of a well-defined shopping period (e.g. the "Christmas holiday" shopping period). Examines how knowledge of customer price sensitivity as it pertains to this shopping period, coupled with the appropriate use of discount pricing, can maximize the revenue gained from sales of a seasonal product associated with a specific holiday.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910258011
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    Time-based zones: an alternate pricing strategy (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 73-82 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Service industries, such as public bus transport, are time-bound, which makes it impossible to inventory their service output. The potential revenue from an empty seat on a bus is lost for good once the service run is complete. Conversely, when demand for a seat on a service run exceeds supply, the revenue is also lost. As public bus transport has a high fixed to variable cost ratio, these demand and supply imbalances have a significant impact on cost recovery performance. Addresses a number of factors that influence the cost recovery performance of public bus transport using data from one of Australia's largest operators. It considers the shortcomings of current fare price structures and how these may be changed to reflect operational cost drivers in a way that improves cost recovery performance. The various non-monetary costs passengers incur when purchasing and using public transport are also considered along with methods of reducing these to increase the revenue-generating performance of operators' fixed capacity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910258020
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    PRICING STRATEGY & PRACTICE"Why did you do that?" The important role of inferred motive in perceptions of price fairness (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 145-153 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There is research evidence that suggests that perceptions of price unfairness give rise to consumer resistance to prices and result in decreased profit to the firm. However, it is as yet unclear what factors influence perceptions of unfairness. Answers the question, "What is fair?" by proposing that consumers sometimes infer a firm's motive for a price and that the inferred motive influences perceived price fairness. A study provides evidence that consumers use contextual information to infer a firm's motive. When consumers infer a negative motive, the price is perceived to be unfair and when consumers do not infer a negative motive, the same price is perceived to be fair. Suggests that marketers should: provide reasons for prices; consider consumers' likely inferences of motive and either avoid taking actions that are likely to give rise to inferences of negative motive or manage the motive inferred; and consider the inferences that consumers may make for other marketing actions in addition to price.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910266995
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    Measuring brand power: validating a model for optimizing brand equity (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 170-184 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Rather than taking the more traditional approach of measuring brand equity for accounting or strategic reasons, the approach taken here is concerned with optimizing brand equity through parsimonious manipulation of the marketing mix. To this end a macro-model is first developed; this model is then operationalized and tested (in terms of predicted versus actual brand share) in three Korean markets. The contribution of the paper lies in the development of a methodology through which management can efficiently build brand power in their markets. The statistical methods (factor analysis and preference regression) are commonly used in commercial research and the research requirements to build such a model are quite modest - the proposed model makes a theoretical contribution but can also be used as a practical managerial tool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910272439
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    Product entry in international markets: the effect of country-of-origin on first-mover advantage (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 218-231 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An experimental design is used to examine the effect of products' country-of-origin on first-mover advantage. Specifically, focuses on the effects of favorable/unfavorable country-of-origin on first-mover advantage, as well as its effects with regard to "early followers" and "late followers". The results have direct implications for products entering international markets as a first mover, "early" follower, or "late" follower. Results indicate that with increasing number of competitors entering an international market, a product's favorable country image begins to lose its strategic importance. Consequently, the pursuit of first-mover advantage may be more relevant than a positive country-of-origin effect. Also, the results suggest that for products from countries with a less than favorable image, it may be more useful to be a "follower" than a "first-mover" because the advantage of being first in a market can be negated by the unfavorable country-of-origin effect.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910272493
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    Improving competitive position using branded ingredients (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 267-285 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Assesses how branded ingredients affect consumer product quality perceptions, confidence in product quality perceptions, product evaluations, taste perceptions, purchase likelihoods, and reservation prices of host brands of varying quality. In two experiments, we find that branded ingredients consistently and positively affected moderate-quality host brands, but only occasionally positively affected higher-quality host brands. Suggests that managers of both moderate and higher-quality host brands consider implementing branded ingredient strategies, albeit for different reasons. While moderate-quality host brands can improve their competitive position by using branded ingredients, higher-quality host brands generally do not. However, higher-quality host brands may benefit most by securing the most desirable branded ingredients for their own use, thereby blocking moderate-quality host brands from using a branded ingredient strategy to improve their competitive position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910284210
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  • 80
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    Product evolution: a Darwinian or Lamarckian phenomenon? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 301-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the product life cycle (PLC) concept as presented in much of the marketing literature, and the implications of PLC-based strategic action for marketing practitioners. A range of problems is identified with the PLC, and an evolutionary perspective for product management decisions is considered. Concludes that an evolutionary perspective is more appropriate than PLC-based approaches, and proposes an evolutionary model known as "Lamarckism", which is better able to account for the realities of product evolution than the Darwinian model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910284292
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  • 81
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    Factors influencing the price premiums that consumers pay for national brands over store brands (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 340-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Identifies some managerially relevant factors that influence the size of the price premium that consumers will pay for national brands over store brands in grocery products. We define price premium as the maximum price consumers will pay for a national brand over a store brand, expressed as the proportionate price differential between a national brand and a store brand. Overall, perceived quality differential accounts for about 12 percent of the variation in price premiums across consumers and product categories and is the most important variable influencing price premiums.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910284319
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  • 82
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    Innovativeness and newness in high-tech consumer durables (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 415-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study concerns consumer responses to new product offerings in the category of high-tech audio equipment. For the purposes of the study, consumers were categorised as high-innovators or non-innovators. The general objective of the research was to determine how differing groups of consumers view innovativeness, and how innovativeness is assessed, with particular reference to high-tech product offerings. The research was carried out in two stages; a series of focus groups was run to determine the dimensions of the problem, and a questionnaire derived from this. The questionnaire was then administered to visitors at a consumer-oriented trade show. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire revealed that there are significant differences between groups of consumers regarding the relative importance of various factors in the process of assessing innovativeness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910296028
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  • 83
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    The performance appraisal process of pharmaceutical product managers in Canada: an empirical study (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 8 (1999), S. 463-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the way in which the performance of the pharmaceutical product manager is evaluated. Attempts to provide a picture of the principal functions on which the Canadian pharmaceutical product manager is evaluated, as well as of performance appraisal systems currently used in the pharmaceutical industry. Two methodologies are used, both in-depth interviews and survey, in order to provide the most comprehensive examination of this area. Additionally, examines whether or not these systems are proving useful in linking job tasks to performance appraisal in order to achieve the goals of the organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429910299719
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  • 84
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    Repatriation - the toughest assignment of all (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the need for HR departments to have a clear policy on repatriation, especially at times of restructuring and redundancy and the need to retain valuable staff on return. Considers the physical, psychological and emotional effects of "reverse culture shock", the often unrealistic expectations of returnees and their families and suggests coping strategies, including assistance to the accompanying spouse and children, that can be implemented by both employers and employees. Outlines the possible content of a repatriation programme, stressing the need to tailor it to the needs of employees and their families. Comments on the heightened circumstances of natural disasters and political unrest that can cause rapid repatriation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910291397
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  • 85
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    Individuals and enterprise: developing intrapreneurs for the new millennium (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 258-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Downsizing, cost-cutting and re-engineering are essentially negative activities. The emphasis is switching to revenue generation and value creation. Also, customers increasingly demand tailored solutions and expect more imaginative responses to their particular requirements. In short, more entrepreneurial approaches are required. There is scope for reconciling individual and corporate interests. Companies want to encourage, develop, release and retain entrepreneurial talent, while many aspiring and intending entrepreneurs could benefit from the support which corporations can provide. Although relevant tools are available, training and development professionals are failing to encourage enterprise, develop entrepreneurs and support new corporate ventures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910301926
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  • 86
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    When training became learning - a cautionary tale about what could be (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 277-279 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper describes a management development programme, which aimed to increase staff commitment to tasks by strengthening teamwork. It explores the lessons that can be gained from such training programmes, and concludes that both time and leadership are essential attributes for successful learning experiences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910302024
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  • 87
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    Management training and development at Aeroquip-Vickers, Inc.: a process model part 1 (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 132-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Aims to provide an in-depth discussion of how a Fortune 500 manufacturing organization refocussed its management development practices using a systems approach. A description of how the organization conducted a needs assessment, developed a system for management education and recreated its approach to management development are discussed. The implications for organizational practice are clearly stated that management development is a shared responsibility between a manager and his or her employer. This article will also discuss the evolution of this organization's approach to developing managers for the twenty-first century. It is also important to note that Aeroquip-Vickers was recently honored as one of the 100 best managed companies in the US by Inc Magazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910275674
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  • 88
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    The art of mentoring (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 136-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: How can you be a good mentor? How can you pass on your wisdom? How can you help people to find their answers to challenges? Mentoring now plays a key role in organisations that wish to pass on their hard earned wisdom. But how to ensure that such an approach works? This article explores issues you may wish to consider when: selecting mentors; defining the role of mentors; and running a mentoring session. The article also illustrates the classic "Five C" model for helping people to focus on their challenges; choices; consequences; creative solutions; and conclusions. Good mentors create a "stimulating sanctuary". They help people to build on their strengths, find solutions and achieve ongoing success. This article gives a snapshot of key elements to bear in mind when introducing mentoring into your organisation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910275683
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  • 89
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    Training issues for the European automotive industry (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 174-181 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Provides an overview of the results of an investigation carried out for the European Commission. Aims to identify themes and issues in the field of continuing training in the European automotive industry. A large number of interviews were carried out in all the major car manufacturing countries of Europe, and a series of case studies were done on training projects funded by the European Commission within the framework of the FORCE programme on continuing training. Shows that training has become a key element in a far-reaching process of restructuring which is currently under way in the industry. Identifies major fields of interest including training for new work structures; training for co-makership; and new methods and approaches for learning while working. Larger numbers of people are trained than ever before, especially in production. Claims an increasing use of information technology (expert systems) for training is being signalled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910284764
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  • 90
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    Training your staff (and the boss) to deal with drugs (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Drugs are hitting at the roots of our productivity and competitiveness, as their usage escalates amongst current employees and those entering full-time work for the first time. Main symptoms are rising absenteeism, injuries, damage and stealing. But employers are having difficulty in recognising their cause, mainly through ignorance, lack of trained knowledge and fear of what is still a relatively new phenomenon. The realistic answer is the development and implementation of effective substance misuse policies in full consultation with staff representatives. But this is a precise and skilled activity requiring proper training of personnel management and staff supervisors. The article exposes the breadth of the problem, discusses how to train British staff and examines how our training industry can gear up to learn this newest and most vital of training subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910291388
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  • 91
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    Marketing meta-narrative and its tenets: at odds with marketing's realities? (1999)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Asia Pacific journal of marketing and logistics 11 (1999), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-5855
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines key general marketing texts to produce a consistent set of claims termed the nine tenets of marketing. States that these are core to conventional marketing teaching and thought. Argues that they have little epistomological basis. Shows that marketing professionals do not enjoy the same status as those in law and accountancy, concluding that to convince others of the profession's worth, the whole basis may need renovation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13555859910764534
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  • 92
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    Strategy selection to enhance exports of the Malaysian electrical and electronic industry (1999)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Asia Pacific journal of marketing and logistics 11 (1999), S. 16-27 
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    ISSN: 1355-5855
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents the findings of 700 CEO/senior managers regarding general strategy and competitiveness in the Malaysian electrical and electronic industry. Outlines four major strategies, cost, differentiation, cost-price and marketing/focus. Addresses the question, "is the battle to the low-cost, low-price vendor?" Uses two case studies, IBM and Samsung as examples to emulate for long term survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13555859910764543
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  • 93
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    Survival strategies of hightech corporations: applicable insights from executive narratives (1999)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Asia Pacific journal of marketing and logistics 11 (1999), S. 1-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-5855
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Gives an in depth view of the strategies pursued by the world's leading chief executive officers in an attempt to provide guidance to new chief executives of today. Considers the marketing strategies employed, together with the organizational structures used and looks at the universal concepts that can be applied to any product. Uses anecdotal evidence to formulate a number of theories which can be used to compare your company with the best in the world. Presents initial survival strategies and then looks at ways companies can broaden their boundaries through manipulation and choice. Covers a huge variety of case studies and examples together with a substantial question and answer section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13555859910764606
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  • 94
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    Strategies for Japan's protected market: rice as a case in point (1999)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Asia Pacific journal of marketing and logistics 11 (1999), S. 47-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-5855
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Outlines the Japanese system of protectionism as a global barrier and focuses on the rice markets as one of the first markets to be opened up. Analyses the reasons for this and offers strategies for overseas companies to take advantage of this opportunity. Suggest that these examples can then be applied to other markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13555859910764598
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  • 95
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    Corrosion effects on the electrical performance of silver metal contacts (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 46 (1999), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work, commercial silver metal contacts welded on top of silver plated brass or brass substrates have been exposed to air rich in NaCl. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis of the exposed contact surfaces were performed to identify the corrosion by-products on top of the silver contacts, suspending wafers, and welding materials. Surface corrosion products were mainly found to consist of small spherules of Cu-Zn or Ag-Cu compounds which cover the surface of the contact proper with low adhesion properties. They mainly originate from the underplating wafer or welding materials. Electrical characterization of the contacting materials was based on dc temperature overheat tests, current switching cycle tests, and energy storage during ac current excitation. The experimental results display that the operating environment is indeed a very significant parameter determining the overall performance of the electrical contacts. New design rules as well as material selection properties may have to be systematically considered to allow for electrochemical induced degradation in saline operating environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035599910263152
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  • 96
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    Model trainers (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 13-18 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: What a trainer does is at least as important as what a trainer says. The trainer brings a model of behaviour into live sessions, and this, as much as the content, can serve to improve participants' performance. This paper draws on the author's expertise to reveal the pros and cons of masterclasses and describe what trainers really need in order to add value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910253119
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  • 97
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    Hidden concepts in training (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 57-60 
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    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article describes covert content in training courses, examines the role it can play in deciding content and methods, and addresses the issue of how important this influence may be. The specific concepts of differentiation, integration, a holistic approach and you get out what you put in, are described, together with the ways in which they have been identified as contributing fundamentally to the structure and content of a particular training programme, and to the methodology used in presenting it. The ways in which these concepts show in the training are described, showing how each concept links to one or more techniques used within the courses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910262218
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  • 98
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    SMEs in an environment of change: computer-based tools to aid learning and change management (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As global competitive forces begin to impact more and more on smaller enterprises, they may find themselves more limited in the approaches available to them to prepare for fundamental change. In-depth case studies were analysed for 11 firms in the south-west of England, of which eight were characterised as small/medium enterprises (SMEs). Each firm had recently undergone a major change, and their managers were found to face considerable practical difficulties in developing and updating their skills in comparison with their counterparts from larger organisations. The need for innovative new approaches to SME managerial skills development is argued, and the potential benefits of a generic "computer-aided visioning" system is highlighted as a low-cost option for the smaller enterprise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910262173
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  • 99
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    Learning alliances: a customer-supplier focus for continuous improvement in manufacturing (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 88-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The manufacturing industry is becoming increasingly competitive. In order to remain competitive there is a need for improved inter-organizational relations between organizations so as to improve the performance. In an attempt to improve cost effectiveness and improve quality, as well as create a long-term competitive advantage, manufacturing organizations are beginning to initiate strategic alliances with their customers and suppliers as part of their supply chain management. This paper suggests that the key to gaining a competitive advantage and improving customer satisfaction lie with the ability of manufacturing organizations to form learning alliances. Essentially, learning alliances are strategic partnerships that are based on creating an environment that encourages mutual and reflective learning between supply chain partners. It is suggested that an alliance based on cooperation can encourage higher levels of trust and commitment. This paper presents a learning framework founded on total quality management for the formation of cooperative alliances between manufacturing organizations in a supply chain. The implications of forming a learning alliance in manufacturing are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910269167
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    Corporate communications in small- and medium-sized enterprises (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial and commercial training 31 (1999), S. 112-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Institute of Personnel and Development has long recognized the impact that small- and medium-sized enterprises make in encouraging innovation in human resources management. It was, therefore, perfectly consistent that as part of their major initiative to assess the current status and future direction of personnel management, they would wish to research the SME sector. The researchers, part of the charity of the Professional Development Foundation, sampled over 300 companies, and this article reflects the findings relating to internal, corporate communications. Not unnaturally, SMEs favour more informal modes of communication, although breakdowns in this, plus other pressures, invoke the need to introduce some degree of formality. The research themes emerging are further explored in ten case studies which represent a representative cross-section of SME activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859910269220
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