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  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building  (25)
  • ddc:550.78  (15)
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution  (14)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
  • Physics
  • CRC Press  (45)
  • Springer Berlin Heidelberg  (23)
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  • 1
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    Chapter 13 The Single-Celled Ancestors of Animals (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Among the most important innovations in the history of life is the transition from single-celled organisms to more complex, multicellular organisms. Multicellularity has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, resulting in the evolution of new kinds of organisms that collectively constitute a significant portion of Earth’s biodiversity and have transformed the biosphere. This volume examines the origins and subsequent evolution of multicellularity, reviewing the types of multicellular groups that exist, their evolutionary relationships, the processes that led to their evolution, and the conceptual frameworks in which their evolution is understood. This important volume is intended to serve as a jumping-off point, stimulating further research by summarizing the topics that students and researchers of the evolution of multicellularity should be familiar with, and highlighting future research directions for the field.
    Keywords: Animal Kingdom,Plasmodial Slime Molds,Polysphondylium Pallidum,Amoeboid Cells,Multiciliated Cells,Single Celled Ancestors,Fruiting Body Morphology,Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum,Single Cell Techniques,Naegleria Gruberi,Cellular Slime Mold,Myxococcus Xanthus,Ventral Folds,Bryozoan Larva,Major Evolutionary Transitions,Amoeboid Migration,Motile Cilia,Unicellular Ancestors,Complex Life Histories,Physarum Polycephalum,Cell Theory,Flagellated Cells,Molecular Phylogenies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    The Evolution of Multicellularity (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Among the most important innovations in the history of life is the transition from single-celled organisms to more complex, multicellular organisms. Multicellularity has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, resulting in the evolution of new kinds of organisms that collectively constitute a significant portion of Earth’s biodiversity and have transformed the biosphere. This volume examines the origins and subsequent evolution of multicellularity, reviewing the types of multicellular groups that exist, their evolutionary relationships, the processes that led to their evolution, and the conceptual frameworks in which their evolution is understood. This important volume is intended to serve as a jumping-off point, stimulating further research by summarizing the topics that students and researchers of the evolution of multicellularity should be familiar with, and highlighting future research directions for the field.
    Keywords: Major Evolutionary Transitions,Cellular Aggregations,Plasmodial Slime Molds,Polysphondylium Pallidum,Multicellular Group,Fruiting Body Morphology,Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum,Cellular Slime Mold,Myxococcus Xanthus,Charophyte Algae,Animal Kingdom,Major Evolutionary Transitions,Fruiting Body,Aggregative Multicellularity,Unicellular Ancestor,Multicellular Species,Stalk Cells,Genotype Phenotype Map,Volvox Carteri,Dictyostelium Discoideum,Physarum Polycephalum,Modifier Allele,Collective Fitness,Apical Cells,Stalk Formation,Unicellular Species,Tryptophan Aminotransferase ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 3
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    Numerical Simulation of Effluent Discharges (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Discharge Modeling; Numerical Analysis; Desalination; Outfall; Inclined Jets; OpenFOAM; Effluent Dilution Modeling
    Keywords: Discharge Modeling; Numerical Analysis; Desalination; Outfall; Inclined Jets; OpenFOAM; Effluent Dilution Modeling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
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  • 4
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    Time and Space (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The texts presented in Proportion Harmonies and Identities (PHI) Time and Space were compiled to establish a multidisciplinary platform for presenting, interacting, and disseminating research. It also aims to foster awareness and discussion on Time and Space, focusing on different visions relevant to Architecture, Arts and Humanities, Design and Social Sciences, and its importance and benefits for the sense of identity, both individual and communal. The idea of Time and Space has been a powerful motor for development since the Western Early Modern Age. Its theoretical and practical foundations have become the working tools of scientists, philosophers, and artists, who seek strategies and policies to accelerate the development process in different contexts.
    Keywords: Architecture ; Arts ; Design ; Humanities ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    15th International Conference on Turbochargers and Turbocharging (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Institution’s International Conference on Turbochargers and Turbocharging (Twickenham, London, UK, 16-17 May 2023) returns to address the latest advances, research and developments in turbocharging system designs and boosting solutions. This volume presents a peer-reviewed collection of papers which will address current and novel turbocharging system choices and components with a renewed emphasis to address the challenges posed by emission regulations and market trends. The latest developments leading to enhanced performance and efficiency, increased durability and reduced emissions in line with meeting Net-Zero and global emissions targets. Topics include: Air management in powertrains: conventional, hybrids, fuel cells and novel configurations Alternate fuels and their needs in boosting (e.g. hydrogen, synthetic fuels) Electrification of turbochargers, compressors, and exhaust turbines Simulation and testing techniques, data analytics, including AI and digital twins Thermal management, waste heat recovery and expanders Turbomachinery aerodynamic: novel compressors & turbines and multi-stage systems. Component fatigue life, bearing design, rotor-dynamics and durability prediction Mechatronics, control, sensors and power electronics High speed turbomachinery in propulsion and power systems Future Legislation needs for thermal propulsion systems
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering;Turbochargers;Turbocharging ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
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  • 6
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    Chapter Advancing and Integrating ‘Biomonitoring 2.0’ with New Molecular Tools for Marine Biodivesity and Ecosystem Assessments (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Oceanography and Marine Biology | Oceanography and Marine Biology | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Global declines in biodiversity have become increasingly severe. Traditional monitoring approaches for assessing marine species distributions and abundances are time consuming, costly, and manpower intensive. Fortunately, rapid progress of sequencing technologies from first-generation to high-throughput sequencing have resulted in improvements in experimental techniques. These advances have accelerated rates of species discovery and identification, enabling community-level biomonitoring – the ‘Biomonitoring 2.0’ framework. Simultaneous multispecies identifications in mixed-sample pools are now mainstream with DNA metabarcoding, upscaling monitoring from the individual specimen to the ecosystem scale. In this review, we examine the progress of DNA metabarcoding over the last decade in the characterisation of marine macrobiota to microbial communities. By melding molecular techniques and more traditional taxonomic tools, this integrative Biomonitoring 2.0 approach is tailored to improve the overall effectiveness of biomonitoring. As such, we here assess its accuracy, expertise requirement, general applicability, time, cost-effectiveness, and throughput for biomonitoring. We highlight various methodological challenges that must be considered during implementation, including completeness of reference databases, representativeness of sequencing read counts for quantitative estimates, and supplementation with environmental RNA for discerning live signals from legacy DNA. Finally, we conclude with an outlook of the enhanced Biomonitoring 2.0 framework for mass adoption by ecologists and managers, as well as the prospects of emerging rapid detection technologies for ecosystem surveillance.
    Keywords: Barcoding ; Bioinformatics ; Environmental DNA Metabarcoding ; Environmental RNA ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 7
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    Sustainable Development in Creative Industries: Embracing Digital Culture for Humanities (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book provides the thoughtful writings of a selection of authors illustrating a central concept: Sustainable Development in Creative Industries, which utilizes a monetary equilibrium addressing issues, particularly those associated with the use of an integrated area in cyberspace and physical space, and their effect on the creative industries. 15 universities from Asia and Europe have participated in the 9th Bandung Creative Movement, where this topic was explored. Sustainability issues are now at the forefront of progress. The book covers four main areas. The first section, entitled "Art, Culture, and Society," delves into the various sectors that contribute to building a more sustainable environment, including the arts and culture. Whereas, "Design and Architecture" is referring to cutting-edge practices in the fields of manufacturing, transportation, interior design, and building construction. The third section "Technology and New Media" delves into the transformation of technology into a new medium for the development of the creative industries. The final section, "management and Business," discusses an innovative perspective on the state of the market and management in the sector. Anyone interested in the intersection of creative industries, sustainability, and digital cultures would benefit intellectually from reading this book. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. Funded by Telkom University, Indonesia.
    Keywords: arts ; culture ; environmental design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Embracing the Future: Creative Industries for Environment and Advanced Society 5.0 in a Post-Pandemic Era (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: By delivering the mindful writings from our selected authors, this book portrays one big idea: a new Human-Centered society that balances economics to resolve problems, especially in the use of an integrated area in cyberspace, physical space, and how it impacts the creative industries. Through The 8th Bandung Creative Movement, scholars from 15 Universities around the Asian and European countries have discussed this issue where Human-Centered society became the main consideration in the development. Three topics are presented to the readers. Firstly, "Sustainable Cities and Communities" explores the sub-fields that construct a more sustainable environment for society post-pandemic era, such as technologies, transportation, interior design, architecture, urban planning, etc. While "Art and Design: Recontextualization of Nusantara Tradition and Indigenous Culture" concerned the novel perspectives on recognizing cultural aspects that shape the face of creative industry, from cultural identity, visual and performing arts, pop culture to language and media. The last topic, "Changes and Dynamics in The Creative Industries," reviews the creative approach toward the industry's current trends, including marketplace, destination branding, or digital culture ecosystem. This book will enrich the mind of everybody who is an enthusiast of innovative research on creative industries, human-centered technologies, environmental design, and excellent society 5.0 post-pandemic era.
    Keywords: creative industry ; Indigenous Culture ; sustainable cities ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Smart Geotechnics for Smart Societies (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Smart Geotechnics for Smart Societies contains the contributions presented at the 17th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (17th ARC, Astana, Kazakhstan, 14-18 August, 2023). The topics covered include: Geomaterials for soil improvement Tunneling and rock engineering Slope, embankments and dams Shallow and deep foundations Soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering Geoenvironmental engineering and frost geotechnics Investigation of foundations of historical structures and monitoring Offshore, harbor geotechnics and GeoEnergy Megaprojects and transportation geotechnics Smart Geotechnics for Smart Societies will be of interest to academics and engineers interested or involved in geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: Deep Foundations ; Earthquake Engineering ; Geotechnical Engineering ; Rock Engineering ; Soil Dynamics ; Tunnelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
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  • 10
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    Chapter Review of the Central and South Atlantic Shelf and Deep-Sea Benthos: Science, Policy, and Management (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Oceanography and Marine Biology | Oceanography and Marine Biology | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Central and South Atlantic represents a vast ocean area and is home to a diverse range of ecosystems and species. Nevertheless, and similar to the rest of the global south, the area is comparatively understudied yet exposed to increasing levels of multisectoral pressures. To counteract this, the level of scientific exploration in the Central and South Atlantic has increased in recent years and will likely continue to do so within the context of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Here, we compile the literature to investigate the distribution of previous scientific exploration of offshore (30 m+) ecosystems in the Central and South Atlantic, both within and beyond national jurisdiction, allowing us to synthesise overall patterns of biodiversity. Furthermore, through the lens of sustainable management, we have reviewed the existing anthropogenic activities and associated management measures relevant to the region. Through this exercise, we have identified key knowledge gaps and undersampled regions that represent priority areas for future research and commented on how these may be best incorporated into, or enhanced through, future management measures such as those in discussion at the UN Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction negotiations. This review represents a comprehensive summary for scientists and managers alike looking to understand the key topographical, biological, and legislative features of the Central and South Atlantic.
    Keywords: Atlantic deep sea ; Benthic ecology ; Marine spatial planning ; Biodiversity patterns ; Gap analysis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 11
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    Cellular Dialogues in the Holobiont (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book examines how the growing knowledge of the huge range of protist-, animal-, and plant-bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of biology. The establishment and maintenance of these interactions and their contributions to the health and survival of all partners relies on continuous cell-to-cell communication between them. This dialogue may be concerned with all aspects of the biology of both partners. The book includes chapters devoted to exploring, explaining, and exposing these dialogues across a broad spectrum of plant and animal eukaryotes to a broad field of biologists. Key Features Explores the nature of the interactions between eukaryotic hosts and their microbial symbionts Examines the links between prostist, animal, and plant evolution and microbial communities Reviews specific taxa and the microbial diversity associated with these taxa Illustrates the role microbes play in the physiology and etiology of several model species Includes chapters by an international team of leading scholars
    Keywords: community ecology;microbial communities;microbiome;symbiosis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology
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  • 12
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    Developing Modern Livestock Production in Tropical Countries (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The Animal Production International Seminar (APIS) is the first international conference held by the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya. APIS was held for the first time in 2010 and was repeated every three years. In 2022, the 5th APIS was organized as an online meeting. The Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, is optimistic that the results of the 5th APIS will just be as successful as the 4th APIS in 2019. The theme of 5th APIS was ""Developing Modern Livestock Production in Tropical Countries"". The 5th APIS discussed matters related to strategies for developing modern livestock production in several tropical countries. The participants of 5th APIS, including keynote speakers and invited speakers, are from various countries (tropical and sub-tropical). These proceedings present the selected papers from the 5th APIS conference.
    Keywords: animal breeding;livestock engineering;quantitative genetics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Congress ""Arsenic in the Environment"" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for research and innovation aimed towards a holistic solution to the problem posed by the environmental toxin arsenic, with significant societal impact. The Congress has focused on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical, agricultural and other specific issues on arsenic across a broader environmental realm. The Biennial Congress ""Arsenic in the Environment"" was first organized in Mexico City (As2006) followed by As2008 in Valencia (Spain), As2010 in Tainan (Chinese Taiwan), As2012 in Cairns (Australia), As2014 in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and As2016 in Stockholm (Sweden). The 7th International Congress As2018 was held July 1-6, 2018, in Beijing, P. R. China and was entitled Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World. The Congress addressed the broader context of arsenic research aligned on the following themes: Theme 1: Arsenic Behaviour in Changing Environmental Media Theme 2: Arsenic in a Changing Agricultural Ecosystem Theme 3: Health Impacts of Environmental Arsenic Theme 4: Technologies for Arsenic Immobilization and Clean Water Blueprints Theme 5: Sustainable Mitigation and Management Arsenic in drinking water (mainly groundwater) has emerged as an issue of global health concern. During last decade, the presence of arsenic in rice, possibly also other food of plant origins, has attained increasing attention. This is particularly true in the Asian countries, where the use of high arsenic groundwater as source of irrigation water and drinking water has been flagged as severe health concern. This has been accentuated by elevating arsenic concentrations in deep groundwater recharged from shallow high arsenic groundwater, which may have further detrimental effects on public health. Notably, China has been in the forefront of research on arsenic biogeochemical cycling, health effects of arsenic, technologies for arsenic removal, and sustainable mitigation measures. The Congress has attracted professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research on arsenic in an open forum, and strengthened relations between academia, research institutions, government and non-governmental agencies, industries, and civil society organizations to share an optimal ambience for exchange of knowledge.
    Keywords: arsenic behaviour in changing environmental media;arsenic in a changing acricultural ecosystem;arsenic research;clean water blueprints;environmental toxin arsenic;health impacts;health impacts of environmental arsenic;sustainable mitigation;sustainable mitigation and management;technologies for arsenic immobilization and clean water blueprints ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
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  • 14
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    Smart and Resilient Infrastructure For Emerging Economies: Perspectives on Building Better (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Smart and Resilient Infrastructure For Emerging Economies: Perspectives on Building Better is about pressing and multidimensional challenges faced in constructing resilient, sustainable, and smart infrastructure in developing countries. The 32 case studies, literature reviews, comparative analyses and systematic reviews, cover a wide range of topics, including: sustainable and resilient infrastructure development smart cities digital innovation in construction infrastructure investment construction ergonomics socio-environmental sustainability gender equity, and climate change responses The contributions present innovative solutions, impactful insights, and substantive contributions to the discourse on sustainable infrastructure development, and illuminate the interplay between infrastructure development, social justice, environmental sustainability, and technological advancement. Smart and Resilient Infrastructure For Emerging Economies: Perspectives on Building Better is essential reading for academics, researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and students involved in the built environment, infrastructure delivery, investment in infrastructure, civil engineering, architecture, urban planning, environmental science, and other related disciplines.
    Keywords: climate change responses;construction ergonomics;digital innovation in construction;infrastructure investment;smart cities;socio-environmental sustainability;sustainable and resilient infrastructure development ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 15
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    Chapter 3 An introduction to OpenFOAM (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Numerical Simulation of Effluent Discharges | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Chapter 3 is an introduction to OpenFOAM, as the most popular CFD tool in effluent discharge modelling. A decade ago, OpenFOAM was only an academic tool for studying complex fluid mechanics problems. However, it has grown quickly in recent years and has found its way into industry as well (e.g., many consulting firms have invested in creating their own solvers for the particular problems they often solve). This book covers the fundamentals of OpenFOAM related to effluent discharge modeling: the choice of available solvers and differences between them, mesh generation options and methodology in OpenFOAM and postprocessing the numerical results.
    Keywords: Discharge Modeling; Numerical Analysis; Desalination; Outfall; Inclined Jets; OpenFOAM; Effluent Dilution Modeling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
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  • 16
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    Changing Cultures (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The construction practices we employ in our daily life in European societies today were shaped by major changes in the past, such as the introduction and dissemination of Portland cement and reinforced concrete, a development that constitutes a fundamental chapter in the history of construction in the 19th and 20th centuries. Such changes were boosted by several innovations in the fields of applied mathematics, chemistry and physics. They involved patents licensing, optimization of materials production and machinery. There were new legislative frameworks, a specific knowledge transfer within a network of actors and the transformation of hierarchical frameworks. Written by international specialists, this two-part book is centred on case studies from the UK, Germany, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Portugal, Spain and Italy. The first part explores the mutual international influence between these countries and their intrinsic characteristics in this field, resulting from each nation’s particular economic, social, political, cultural and technological conditions. The second part focuses on the history of public works companies. Capable of carrying out both private works and major infrastructures, these players exemplify the technological and business advances that the construction sector has experienced over the last two centuries. This book is a must-read for researchers on contemporary construction history in Europe. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Create Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 (CC-BY-NC-ND) license.
    Keywords: building materials;construction history;masonry and carpentry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
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  • 17
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    Evolution, Development and Ecology of Anemonefishes (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Anemonefishes, one of the most popular and recognizable of fishes in the world, are much more than film characters; they are also emerging model organisms for studying the biology, ecology, and evolution of coral reef fishes. They are a group of 28 species often employed to study patterns and processes of social organization, intra- and inter-specific competition, sex change, mutualism, dispersal and connectivity of fish populations, habitat selection, pigment pattern formation, lifespan and predator-prey interactions. This multi-authored book covers all these areas and provides an update on the research done with this model and the perspective it opens for the future. Key Features Contains basic and up-to-date information on an emerging fish model Allows non-specialist readers to grasp the relevance of a wide research area Provides accurate and easy to access information on each of the 28 species Includes guidance for establishing a breeding colony Documents that anemonefishes are useful model organisms for ecological, developmental and climate research The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Anemonefishes;Coral Reefs;Model Organism;Mutualism;Sex Change ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVC Zoology: fishes (ichthyology) ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology
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  • 18
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    History of Construction Cultures Volume 2 (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Volume 2 of History of Construction Cultures contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world.
    Keywords: Building construction and materials ; Civil engineering, surveying and building ; Structural engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering
    Language: English
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    Chapter 12 The Genesis of Behaviorally Modern Homo sapiens (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book is a “big history” of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet.
    Keywords: Big History, Emergent Conditions, Evolution of Complexity, Origin of Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
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    Xenopus (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book focuses on the amphibian, Xenopus, one of the most commonly used model animals in the biological sciences. Over the past 50 years, the use of Xenopus has made possible many fundamental contributions to our knowledge in cell biology, developmental biology, molecular biology, and neurobiology. In recent years, with the completion of the genome sequence of the main two species and the application of genome editing techniques, Xenopus has emerged as a powerful system to study fundamental disease mechanisms and test treatment possibilities. Xenopus has proven an essential vertebrate model system for understanding fundamental cell and developmental biological mechanisms, for applying fundamental knowledge to pathological processes, for deciphering the function of human disease genes, and for understanding genome evolution. Key Features Provides historical context of the contributions of the model system Includes contributions from an international team of leading scholars Presents topics spanning cell biology, developmental biology, genomics, and disease model Describes recent experimental advances Incorporates richly illustrated diagrams and color images Related Titles Green, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0) Faber, J. & P. D. Nieuwkoop. Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin): A Systematical & Chronological Survey of the Development from the Fertilized Egg till the End of Metamorphosis (ISBN 978-0-8153-1896-5) Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-0320-9095-5)
    Keywords: Developmental biology ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Evolution ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Language: English
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    History of Construction Cultures Volume 1 (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: History of Construction Cultures Volume 1 contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world.
    Keywords: Building construction and materials ; Civil engineering, surveying and building ; Structural engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering
    Language: English
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    Eleventh International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Innovations in Road, Railway and Airfield Bearing Capacity – Volume 2 comprises the second part of contributions to the 11th International Conference on Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (2022). In anticipation of the event, it unveils state-of-the-art information and research on the latest policies, traffic loading measurements, in-situ measurements and condition surveys, functional testing, deflection measurement evaluation, structural performance prediction for pavements and tracks, new construction and rehabilitation design systems, frost affected areas, drainage and environmental effects, reinforcement, traditional and recycled materials, full scale testing and on case histories of road, railways and airfields. This edited work is intended for a global audience of road, railway and airfield engineers, researchers and consultants, as well as building and maintenance companies looking to further upgrade their practices in the field.
    Keywords: Civil engineering, surveying and building ; Transport technology and trades ; Structural engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering
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  • 23
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    Eleventh International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Innovations in Road, Railway and Airfield Bearing Capacity – Volume 3 comprises the third part of contributions to the 11th International Conference on Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (2022). In anticipation of the event, it unveils state-of-the-art information and research on the latest policies, traffic loading measurements, in-situ measurements and condition surveys, functional testing, deflection measurement evaluation, structural performance prediction for pavements and tracks, new construction and rehabilitation design systems, frost affected areas, drainage and environmental effects, reinforcement, traditional and recycled materials, full scale testing and on case histories of road, railways and airfields. This edited work is intended for a global audience of road, railway and airfield engineers, researchers and consultants, as well as building and maintenance companies looking to further upgrade their practices in the field.
    Keywords: Civil engineering, surveying and building ; Transport technology and trades ; Structural engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering
    Language: English
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    A Most Improbable Story (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book is a “big history” of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet.
    Keywords: Big History, Emergent Conditions, Evolution of Complexity, Origin of Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
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    Ground Improvement by Deep Vibratory Methods (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Vibro compaction and vibro stone columns are the two dynamic methods of soil improvement most commonly used worldwide. These methods have been developed over almost eighty years and are now of unrivalled importance as modern foundation measures. Vibro compaction works on granular soils by densification, and vibro stone columns are used to displace and reinforce fine-grained and cohesive soils by introducing inert material. This second edition includes also a chapter on vibro concrete columns constructed with almost identical depth vibrators. These small diameter concrete piles are increasingly used as ground improvement methods for moderately loaded large spread foundations, although the original soil characteristics are only marginally improved. This practical guide for professional geotechnical engineers and graduate students systematically covers the theoretical basis and design principles behind the methods, the equipment used during their execution, and state of the art procedures for quality assurance and data acquisition. All the chapters are updated in line with recent developments and improvements in the methods and equipment. Fresh case studies from around the world illustrate the wide range of possible applications. The book concludes with variations to methods, evaluates the economic and environmental benefits of the methods, and gives contractual guidance.
    Keywords: backfill ; column ; columns ; compaction ; concrete ; depth ; material ; replacement ; stone ; vibro ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering::TNCC Soil and rock mechanics
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    Motion Structures (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Motion structures are simply assemblies of resistant bodies connected by movable joints. Unlike conventional structures, they allow large shape transformations to satisfy practical requirements and they can be used in:shelters, emergency structures and exhibition standsaircraft morphing wingssatellite solar panels and space antennasmorphing core ma
    Keywords: angle ; assembly ; closure ; compact ; folding ; joint ; linkage ; mobile ; pivoting ; revolute ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering
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    Contemporary Research on Business and Management (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains selected papers presented at the 4th International Seminar of Contemporary Research on Business and Management (ISCRBM 2020), which was organized by the Alliance of Indonesian Master of Management Program (APMMI) and held in Surubaya, Indonesia, 25-27 November 2020. It was hosted by the Master of Management Program Indonesia University and co-hosts Airlangga University, Sriwijaya University, Trunojoyo University of Madura, and Telkom University, and supported by Telkom Indonesia and Triputra. The seminar aimed to provide a forum for leading scholars, academics, researchers, and practitioners in business and management area to reflect on current issues, challenges and opportunities, and to share the latest innovative research and best practice. This seminar brought together participants to exchange ideas on the future development of management disciplines: human resources, marketing, operations, finance, strategic management and entrepreneurship.
    Keywords: Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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    Biodiversity Databases (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: With changes in technology and a renewed effort to catalog the world's biodiversity, huge amounts of data are being generated on biodiversity issues. As response to the call for better information systems to manage the biodiversity crisis, a wide range of solutions are being developed for inventorying, managing, and disseminating taxonomic data. This book brings together a diverse array of authors, expertise, and assessors that discuss technical developments to improve the construction, population, and dissemination of biodiversity information. It is designed to inform students and researchers of biodiversity about the changes and challenges that need to be understood by everyone in this information age.
    Keywords: Natural History ; Data Preparation and Mining ; ENVIRO ; BIOSCIENCE ; SCI-TECH ; COMPUTERSCIENCE ; ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE ; LIFESCIENCE ; INFORMATIONSCIENCE ; STM ; artificial ; bgcolor ; devonian ; facility ; global ; informatics ; information ; lower ; network ; neural ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: A Practical Introduction, Volume 2: Non-Abelian Gauge Theories (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume 2 of this revised and updated edition provides an accessible and practical introduction to the two non-Abelian quantum gauge field theories of the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory.This volume covers much of the experimental progress made in the last ten y
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
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    Lie Algebras In Particle Physics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In this book, the author convinces that Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington had things a little bit wrong, as least as far as physics is concerned. He explores the theory of groups and Lie algebras and their representations to use group representations as labor-saving tools.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Handbook of Marine Model Organisms in Experimental Biology (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: "The importance of molecular approaches for comparative biology and the rapid development of new molecular tools is unprecedented. The extraordinary molecular progress belies the need for understanding the development and basic biology of whole organisms. Vigorous international efforts to train the next-generation of experimental biologists must combine both levels – next generation molecular approaches and traditional organismal biology. This book provides cutting-edge chapters regarding the growing list of marine model organisms. Access to and practical advice on these model organisms have become aconditio sine qua non for a modern education of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and postdocs working on marine model systems. Model organisms are not only tools they are also bridges between fields – from behavior, development and physiology to functional genomics. Key Features Offers deep insights into cutting-edge model system science Provides in-depth overviews of all prominent marine model organisms Illustrates challenging experimental approaches to model system research Serves as a reference book also for next-generation functional genomics applications Fills an urgent need for students Related Titles Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey, eds. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9461-5) Kim, S.-K. Healthcare Using Marine Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9538-4) Mudher, A. & T. Newman, eds. Drosophila: A Toolbox for the Study of Neurodegenerative Disease (ISBN 978-0-4154-1185-1) Green, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0)"
    Keywords: Developmental biology;Biodiversity;Marine biology;Evolution;Genetics (non-medical);Neurosciences;Zoology: invertebrates;Zoology: fishes (ichthyology);Molecular biology;Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVA Zoology: invertebrates ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVC Zoology: fishes (ichthyology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology
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    The World in Eleven Dimensions (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A unified theory embracing all physical phenomena is a major goal of theoretical physics. In the early 1980s, many physicists looked to eleven-dimensional supergravity in the hope that it might provide that elusive superunified theory. In 1984 supergravity was knocked off its pedestal by ten-dimensional superstrings, one-dimensional objects whose v
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Heavy Flavour Physics Theory and Experimental Results in Heavy Quark Physics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides a thorough introduction to the phenomenology of heavy flavour physics, those working on the B-factories, LHCb, BTeV, HERA and the Tevatron. It explains how heavy quark theory could be implemented on the lattice, and discusses the status of CP-violation in the neutral kaon system.
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook: Two-Volume Set comprehensively captures the cross-disciplinary breadth of the fields of micro- and nanofluidics, which encompass the biological sciences, chemistry, physics and engineering applications. To fill the knowledge gap between engineering and the basic sciences, the editors pulled together key individuals, well known in their respective areas, to author chapters that help graduate students, scientists, and practicing engineers understand the overall area of microfluidics and nanofluidics. Topics covered include Finite Volume Method for Numerical Simulation Lattice Boltzmann Method and Its Applications in Microfluidics Microparticle and Nanoparticle Manipulation Methane Solubility Enhancement in Water Confined to Nanoscale Pores Volume Two: Fabrication, Implementation, and Applications focuses on topics related to experimental and numerical methods. It also covers fabrication and applications in a variety of areas, from aerospace to biological systems. Reflecting the inherent nature of microfluidics and nanofluidics, the book includes as much interdisciplinary knowledge as possible. It provides the fundamental science background for newcomers and advanced techniques and concepts for experienced researchers and professionals.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics ; Renewable Energy ; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ; ENG ; NANO ; MechanicalEngineering ; SCI-TECH ; STM ; applications ; beads ; capillary ; devices ; magnetic ; microelectromechanical ; micromachining ; microuidic ; surface ; systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering
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    An Introduction to Particle Physics and the Standard Model (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics familiarizes readers with what is considered tested and accepted and in so doing, gives them a grounding in particle physics in general. Whenever possible, Dr. Mann takes an historical approach showing how the model is linked to the physics that most of us have learned in less challenging ar
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Advanced Testing and Characterization of Bituminous Materials, Two Volume Set (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Bituminous materials are used to build durable roads that sustain diverse environmental conditions. However, due to their complexity and a global shortage of these materials, their design and technical development present several challenges. Advanced Testing and Characterisation of Bituminous Materials focuses on fundamental and performance testing
    Keywords: Civil engineering, surveying and building; Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    Alternative Fuels for Transportation (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Exploring how to counteract the world's energy insecurity and environmental pollution, this volume covers the production methods, properties, storage, engine tests, system modification, transportation and distribution, economics, safety aspects, applications, and material compatibility of alternative fuels. The esteemed editor highlights the importance of moving toward alternative fuels and the problems and environmental impact of depending on petroleum products. Each self-contained chapter focuses on a particular fuel source, including vegetable oils, biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, hydrogen, electric, fuel cells, and fuel from nonfood crops.
    Keywords: Power and Energy ; Automotive Technology and Engineering ; ENG ; MechanicalEngineering ; ENERGYANDCLEANTECH ; SCI-TECH ; STM ; Alternative Energy Sources ; Alternative Fuels ; Biodiesel ; Ethanol ; Fuel Technology ; Internal Combustion Engines ; Methanol ; Nonconventional Fuels ; Renewable Energy ; Sustainable Development ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics & heat ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THX Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics and heat ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology
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    Phenotypic Plasticity & Evolution (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phenotypic plasticity – the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct response to a change in its environment – is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this phenomenon exists is crucial because it unites all levels of biological inquiry. This book brings together researchers who approach plasticity from diverse perspectives to explore new ideas and recent findings about the causes and consequences of plasticity. Contributors also discuss such controversial topics as how plasticity shapes ecological and evolutionary processes; whether specific plastic responses can be passed to offspring; and whether plasticity has left an important imprint on the history of life. Importantly, each chapter highlights key questions for future research. Drawing on numerous studies of plasticity in natural populations of plants and animals, this book aims to foster greater appreciation for this important, but frequently misunderstood phenomenon. Key Features Written in an accessible style with numerous illustrations, including many in color Reviews the history of the study of plasticity, including Darwin’s views Most chapters conclude with recommendations for future research
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Developmental Mechanisms ; Epigenetics ; Origins of Novelty ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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    Tunnelling (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Tunnelling has become a fragmented process, excessively influenced by lawyers'notions of confrontational contractual bases. This prevents the pooling of skills, essential to the achievement of the promoters' objectives. Tunnelling: Management by Design seeks the reversal of this trend. After a brief historical treatment of selected developments, th
    Keywords: Tunnelling and Underground Engineering ; Mining Construction ; ENG ; CivilEngineering ; SCI-TECH ; STM ; channel ; clay ; concrete ; extension ; jubilee ; line ; london ; project ; rock ; spray ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMC Architectural structure and design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
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  • 40
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    Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory focuses on the cosmological implications of the gauge theories of particle physics and of string theory. The book first examines the universe's series of phase transitions in which the successive gauge symmetries of the higher-temperature phase were spontaneously broken after the big bang, discussing relics of these phase transitions, more generic relics (baryons, neutrinos, axions), and supersymmetric particles (neutralinos and gravitinos). The author next studies supersymmetric theory, supergravity theory, and the constraints on the underlying field theory of the universe's inflationary era. The book concludes with a discussion of black hole solutions of the supergravity theory that approximates string theory at low energies and the insight that string theory affords into the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory provides a modern introduction to these important problems from a particle physicist's perspective. It is intended as an introductory textbook for a first course on the subject at a graduate level.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    What, if anything, are species? (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is an extended argument for abandoning the species rank. Instead, the author proposes that the rank of "species" be replaced by a pluralistic and multi-level view. In such a view, all clades including the smallest identifiable one would be named and studied within a phylogenetic context. What are currently called "species" represent different sorts of things depending on the sort of organisms and processes being considered. This is already the case, but is not formally recognized by those scientists using the species rank in their work. Adopting a rankless taxonomy at all levels would enhance academic studies of evolution and ecology and yield practical benefits in areas of public concern such as conservation. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. KEY FEATURES • Proposes the replacement of restrictive species concepts with a pluralistic view • Suggests abandoning the formal taxonomic rank of "species" • Considers zoological, botanical, and microbiological aspects of the species level • Deals with practical issues such as conservation, inventories, and field guides
    Keywords: Wildlife: general interest ; Botany and plant sciences ; Evolution ; Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: A Practical Introduction, Volume 1 (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume 1 of this revised and updated edition provides an accessible and practical introduction to the first gauge theory included in the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum electrodynamics (QED).The book includes self-contained presentations of electromagnetism as a gauge theory as well as relativistic quantum mechanics. It provides a uniqu
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Language: English
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    Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book celebrates the relaunch of the African Pollen Database, presents state-of-the-art of modern and ancient pollen data from sub-Saharan Africa, and promotes Open Access science. Pollen grains are powerful tools for the study of past vegetation dynamics because they preserve well within sedimentary deposits and have a huge diversity in ornamentation that allows different taxa to be determined. The reconstruction of past vegetation from the examination of ancient pollen records thus can be used to characterize the nature of past landscapes (e.g. abundance of forests vs. grasslands), provide insights into changes in biodiversity, and gain empirical evidence of vegetation response to climatic change and human activity. In this, the 35th Volume of "Palaeoecology of Africa", we bring together new data and extensive synthetic reviews to provide novel insights into the relationships between human evolution, human activity, climate change and vegetation dynamics during the Quaternary, the last 2.6 million years. Current and ongoing climate and land-use change is exerting pressure on modern vegetation formations and threatening the livelihoods and wellbeing of many peoples in Africa. In this book the focus is on the Quaternary because it is during this geological period that the modern vegetation formations developed into their current configurations against a backdrop of high magnitude global climate change (glacial-interglacial cycles), human evolution, and a growing human land-use footprint. In this book the latest information is presented and collated from around the African continent to parameterize past vegetation states, identify the drivers of vegetation change, and assess the vegetation resilience to change. To achieve this research from two broad themes are covered: (i) the present is the key to the past (i.e. studies which improve our understanding of modern environments so that we can better interpret evidence from the past), and (ii) the past is the key to the future (i.e. studies which unlock information on how and why vegetation changed in the past so one can better anticipate trajectories of future change). This Open Access book will provide a strong foundation for future research exploring past ecological, environmental and climatic change within Africa and the surrounding islands. The book is organized regionally (covering western, eastern, central, and southern Africa) and it contains specialized articles focused on particular topics (such as modern pollen-vegetation relationships and fire as a driver of vegetation change), as well as regional and pan-African syntheses drawing together decades of research to assess key scientific questions (including the role of climate in driving vegetation change and the role of vegetation change in human evolution). These articles will be useful to students and teachers from high school to the highest level of university who are interested in the origins and dynamics of vegetation in Africa. Furthermore, it is also meant to provide societally relevant information that can act as an inspiration for the development of sustainable management practices for the future.
    Keywords: climate change ; open access ; vegetation dynamics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
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    Damage to Concrete Structures (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Serious degradation mechanisms can severely reduce the service life of concrete structures: steel reinforcement can corrode, cement matrix can be attacked, and even aggregates can show detrimental processes. Therefore, it is important to understand how damage can occur to concrete structures and to appreciate the timing of the actions leading to damage. Damage to Concrete Structures summarizes the state-of-the-art information on the degradation of concrete structures, and gives a clear and comprehensive overview of what can go wrong. Offering a logical flow, the chapters are ordered according to the chronological timing of the actions leading to concrete damage. The author explains the different actions or mechanisms in a fundamental manner, without too many physical or chemical details, to provide greater clarity and readability. The book describes the different causes of damage to concrete, including inappropriate design, errors during execution, mechanisms occurring during hardening of concrete, and actions or degradation mechanisms during service life (hardened concrete). The degradation mechanisms are illustrated with numerous real-world examples and many drawings and photographs taken of actual structures. Written as a textbook for students as well as a reference for professionals, this easy-to-comprehend book gives readers a deeper understanding of the damage that can occur to concrete during the construction process and service.
    Keywords: Concrete Durability ; Concrete degradation ; Concrete spalling ; Degradation ; Durable concrete ; Self-compacting concrete ; Self-consolidating concrete ; Service life ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering
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    Minefill 2020-2021 (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The series of International Symposiums on Mining with Backfill explores both the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of mine fill, with many case studies from both underground and open-pit mines. Minefill attendees and the Proceedings book audience include mining practitioners, engineering students, operating and regulatory professionals, consultants, academics, researchers, and interested individuals and groups. The papers presented at Minefill symposiums regularly offer the novelties and most modern technical solutions in technology, equipment, and research. In that way, the papers submitted for the Minefill Symposia represent the highest quality and level in the conference domain. For the 2020-2021 edition organizers hope that the papers presented in this publication will also be received with interest by readers around the world, providing inspiration and valuable examples for industry and R&D research.
    Keywords: Backfill reticulation ; bulkhead capacity ; geomechanics ; hazard and risk control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering::TNCC Soil and rock mechanics
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Plane strain shear strength of unsaturated fiber-reinforced fine-grained soils (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-14
    Description: Discrete randomly distributed fibers are commonly used to improve the engineering characteristics of the soil and thus soil properties such as shear strength, compressibility, density, and hydraulic conductivity. Most studies have so far focused on describing the behavior of soils containing randomly distributed fibers under dried or saturated conditions. However, the water table may seasonally fluctuate, thus generating unsaturated soil conditions. Therefore, a better understanding of the hydro-mechanical properties of unsaturated improved soils is of high necessity. In this research, the shear strength parameters of fine-grained soils were evaluated using the biaxial device available at Ruhr Universität Bochum. The applied device was modified to test unsaturated fine-grained soils with various degrees of saturation using axis translation and vapor equilibrium techniques. The experiments were conducted on fine soils containing 0, 0.5, and 1% fiber contents under a wide range of matric suctions. The ductile behavior was more noticeable in samples with lower suctions and higher straw contents. Furthermore, the shear strength of both unreinforced and reinforced fine-grained soils considerably increased by an increase in the suction. Finally, shear band inclination increased by the suction while decreasing by straw content.
    Description: Ruhr-Universität Bochum (1007)
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Plane strain condition ; Shear strength ; Soil reinforcement ; Suction ; SWCC
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Immiscible silicate liquids: K and Fe distribution as a test for chemical equilibrium and insight into the kinetics of magma unmixing (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Description: Silicate liquid immiscibility leading to formation of mixtures of distinct iron-rich and silica-rich liquids is common in basaltic and andesitic magmas at advanced stages of magma evolution. Experimental modeling of the immiscibility has been hampered by kinetic problems and attainment of chemical equilibrium between immiscible liquids in some experimental studies has been questioned. On the basis of symmetric regular solutions model and regression analysis of experimental data on compositions of immiscible liquid pairs, we show that liquid–liquid distribution of network-modifying elements K and Fe is linked to the distribution of network-forming oxides SiO2, Al2O3 and P2O5. We use the responding equation for testing chemical equilibrium in experiments not included in the regression analysis and compositions of natural immiscible melts found as glasses in volcanic rocks. Departures from equilibrium that the test revealed in crystal-rich multiphase experimental products and in natural volcanic rocks imply kinetic competition between liquid–liquid and crystal–liquid element partitioning. Immiscible liquid droplets in volcanic rocks appear to evolve along a metastable trend due to rapid crystallization. Immiscible liquids may be closer to chemical equilibrium in large intrusions where cooling rates are lower and crystals may be spatially separated from liquids.
    Description: DeutscheForschungsGemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Russian Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006769
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum - GFZ (4217)
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Experimental petrology ; Igneous rocks ; Silicate melts ; Liquid–liquid element distribution ; Symmetric regular solutions
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  • 48
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    Experimental study and numerical modeling of the thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in soil freezing with different frost penetration directions (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: This research work presents an experimental and numerical study of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes that occur during soil freezing. With focusing on the artificial ground freezing (AGF) technology, a new testing device is built, which considers a variety of AGF-related boundary conditions and different freezing directions. In the conducted experiments, a distinction is made between two thermal states: (1) The thermal transient state, which is associated with ice penetration, small deformations, and insignificant water suction. (2) The thermal (quasi-) steady state, which has a much longer duration and is associated with significant ice lens formation due to water suction. In the numerical modeling, a special focus is laid on the processes that occur during the thermal transient state. Besides, a demonstration of the micro-cryo-suction mechanism and its realization in the continuum model through a phenomenological retention-curve-like formulation is presented. This allows modeling the ice lens formation and the stiffness degradation observed in the experiments. Assuming a fully saturated soil as a biphasic porous material, a phase-change THM approach is applied in the numerical modeling. The governing equations are based on the continuum mechanical theory of porous media (TPM) extended by the phase-field modeling (PFM) approach. The model proceeds from a small-strain assumption, whereas the pore fluid can be found in liquid water or solid ice state with a unified kinematics treatment of both states. Comparisons with the experimental data demonstrate the ability and usefulness of the considered model in describing the freezing of saturated soils.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: RWTH Aachen (3131)
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Experimental study ; Frost heave ; Ice lens formation ; Phase-field modeling ; Soil freezing ; Thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling
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    Influence of plastic fines content on the liquefaction susceptibility of sands: monotonic loading (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-19
    Description: The paper presents an experimental study on the effect of plastic fines content on the undrained behavior and liquefaction susceptibility of sand–fines mixtures under monotonic loading. The results of undrained monotonic triaxial compression tests conducted on mixtures of Hostun sand with varying amount (0–20%) and type (kaolin and calcigel bentonite) of plastic fines are presented. The specimens were prepared with different initial densities using the moist tamping method and consolidated at two different isotropic effective stresses. The results demonstrate that for both types of plastic fines, an increase in the fines content leads to a more contractive response and lower values of mobilized deviatoric stress. Despite similar relative density and fines content, the sand–kaolin mixtures showed a more contractive behavior than the sand–calcigel specimens. The steady-state lines (SSLs) in e–p´ space generally move downwards with increasing clay content. While the slopes of the SSLs for the clean Hostun sand and the mixtures with 10 and 20% kaolin are quite similar, the SSL lines for the specimens containing 10% or 20% calcigel run steeper or flatter, respectively. The inclination of the SSL in the q–p′ plane was found independent of clay type and content. The sand–kaolin mixtures were observed to be more susceptible to instability and flow liquefaction than the sand–calcigel mixtures.
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Instability line ; Plastic fines content ; Sand–fines mixtures ; Steady-state line ; Undrained monotonic triaxial tests
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    Thermal stress, cooling-rate and fictive temperature of silicate melts (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The unknown cooling-rate history of natural silicate melts can be investigated using differential scanning heat capacity measurements together with the limiting fictive temperature analysis calculation. There are a range of processes occurring during cooling and re-heating of natural samples which influence the calculation of the limiting fictive temperature and, therefore, the calculated cooling-rate of the sample. These processes occur at the extremes of slow cooling and fast quenching. The annealing of a sample at a temperature below the glass transition temperature upon cooling results in the subsequent determination of cooling-rates which are up to orders of magnitude too low. In contrast, the internal stresses associated with the faster cooling of obsidian in air result in an added exothermic signal in the heat capacity trace which results in an overestimation of cooling-rate. To calculate cooling-rate of glass using the fictive temperature method, it is necessary to create a calibration curve determined using known cooling- and heating-rates. The calculated unknown cooling-rate of the sample is affected by the magnitude of mismatch between the original cooling-rate and the laboratory heating-rate when using the matched cooling-/heating-rate method to derive a fictive temperature/cooling-rate calibration curve. Cooling-rates slower than the laboratory heating-rate will be overestimated, while cooling-rates faster than the laboratory heating-rate are underestimated. Each of these sources of error in the calculation of cooling-rate of glass materials—annealing, stress release and matched cooling/heating-rate calibration—can affect the calculated cooling-rate by factor of 10 or more.
    Description: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (1018)
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Fictive temperature ; Annealing ; Thermal stress ; Cooling-rate ; Calorimetry
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    Influence of CO2 on the rheology of melts from the Colli Albani Volcanic District (Italy): foidite to phonolite (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: In this study, the influence of CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 on the rheology of silica poor and K-rich melts from highly explosive eruptions from the Colli Albani Volcanic District (Italy) (CAVD) is measured for the first time. The investigated melts range from foidite to tephri-phonolite to tephrite from the CAVD to a phonolite from the Vesuvius (Italy) with CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations up to 0.50 wt%. Viscosity and calorimetric measurements are performed in the glass transition range Tg between 600 and 780 °C. Although nominally anhydrous, the investigated melts contain H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O concentrations up to 0.23 wt%. The data exhibit a decrease in viscosity of approx. 100.40 Pa s for the phonolitic composition with ~ 0.07 wt% CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and a Tg reduced by approx. 14 °C. For the tephritic composition, Tg is approx. 5 °C lower and has a viscosity reduced by 100.25 Pa s for the sample containing ~ 0.5 wt% CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. Calorimetric measurements of the tephri-phonolite show lowered onset of Tg by approx. 6 °C for the melt with ~ 0.11 wt% CO2 and Tg of the foidite appears not to be influenced by a CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentration of ~ 0.37 wt% CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. However, these tephri-phonolitic and foiditic melts foamed during calorimetric measurements preventing a reliable measurement. It would appear that most of this overall drop in viscosity is caused by the small amounts of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O in the melts with CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 slightly reducing the viscosity or having no effect on viscosity. Additionally, it is shown that the reduction in viscosity decreases with an increasing degree of the depolymerisation for the investigated melts. Consequently, the explosive style of the CAVD eruptions is mainly caused by crystals and bubbles which form and rise during magma storage and ascent which increases the magma viscosity whereas the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 in the melt slightly reduces the viscosity.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (1018)
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Viscosity ; Calorimetry ; Colli Albani ; Carbon dioxide ; Glass transition ; Foidite
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  • 52
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    The redox dependence of titanium isotope fractionation in synthetic Ti-rich lunar melts (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Equilibria between Ti oxides and silicate melt lead to Ti isotope fractionation in terrestrial samples, with isotopically light Ti oxides and isotopically heavy coexisting melt. However, while Ti is mostly tetravalent in terrestrial samples, around 10% of the overall Ti is trivalent at f〈sub〉O2〈/sub〉 relevant to lunar magmatism (~ IW-1). The different valences of Ti in lunar samples, could additionally influence Ti stable isotope fractionation during petrogenesis of lunar basalts to an unknown extent. We performed an experimental approach using gas mixing furnaces to investigate the effect of Ti oxide formation at different f〈sub〉O2〈/sub〉 on Ti stable isotope fractionation during mare basalt petrogenesis. Two identical bulk compositions were equilibrated simultaneously during each experiment to guarantee comparability. One experiment was investigated with the EPMA to characterize the petrology of experimental run products, whereas the second experiment was crushed, and fabricated phases (i.e., oxides, silicates and glass) were handpicked, separated and digested. An aliquot of each sample was mixed with a Ti double-spike, before Ti was separated from matrix and interfering elements using a modified HFSE chemistry. Our study shows f〈sub〉O2〈/sub〉-dependent fractionation within seven samples from air to IW-1, especially ∆49Ti〈subs〈armalcolite〈/sub〉-melt and ∆49Ti〈sub〉armalcolite-orthopyroxene〈/sub〉 become more fractionated from oxidized to reduced conditions (− 0.092 ± 0.028-  − 0.200 ± 0.033 ‰ and  − 0.089 ± 0.027- − 0.250 ± 0.049 ‰, respectively), whereas ∆49Ti〈sub〉orthopyroxene〈/sub〉-melt shows only a minor fractionation (− 0.002 ± 0.017-0.050 ± 0.025 ‰). The results of this study show that Ti isotope fractionation during mare basalt petrogenesis is expected to be redox dependent and mineral-melt fractionation as commonly determined for terrestrial fO2 may not be directly applied to a lunar setting. This is important for the evaluation of Ti isotope fractionation resulting from lunar magmatism, which takes place under more reducing conditions compared to the more oxidized terrestrial magmatism.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: Projekt DEAL
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Titanium isotopes ; Lunar magma ocean ; Fractionation ; Experiments ; Ti oxides ; Armalcolite
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    Experimental observations of aquifer storage and recovery in brackish aquifers using multiple partially penetrating wells (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Aquifer storage and recovery systems using multiple partially penetrating wells (MPPW-ASR) can form a viable solution to the problem of freshwater buoyancy when using brackish aquifers for freshwater storage. This study presents the result of a series of laboratory experiments that aimed at visualizing the shape of freshwater bodies injected into a brackish aquifer and determining the effect on the recovery efficiency (RE) of several MPPW-ASR operational variables. A model aquifer was built in a Plexiglas tank using glass beads and water was injected and abstracted through point and vertical wells, which were operated in various combinations. Numerical models were used to support the interpretation of the time-lapse photographs, and showed that three-dimensional flow effects had to be considered for a correct interpretation of the visible dye patterns. Upward migration of both fresh (during injection) and brackish water (during recovery) along the vertical wells was observed, indicating that the role of well infrastructure as conduits is a critical design criterion for real-world systems. Gravitational instabilities formed when freshwater did not extend all the way to the top of the aquifer, and this negatively impacted the RE by causing greater mixing. The positive freshwater buoyancy led to freshwater bodies that became narrower with depth, and the formation of thin, elongated buffer zones along the aquifer top in multicycle experiments. Up-coning below abstraction wells resulted in lower RE values, reinforcing the potential of scavenger wells to enhance MPPW-ASR system performance.
    Description: Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) (4230)
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Artificial recharge ; Laboratory experiments/measurements ; Numerical modelling ; Multiple partially penetrating wells ; Salt-water/fresh-water relations
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Trace element fractionation between biotite, allanite, and granitic melt (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The partitioning of a large suite of trace elements between biotite and water-saturated granitic melt was measured at 2 kbar and 700—800 ˚C. To reach equilibrium and to grow biotite crystals large enough for analysis, runs usually lasted from 30 to 45 days. In every charge, a few trace elements were initially doped at the 0.1—0.5 wt. % level and analyzed by electron microprobe after the run. First-row transition metal ions are highly compatible in biotite with D〈sup〉biotite/melt〈/sup〉 of 17 for Ti, 35 for V, 47 for Co, 174 for Ni, and 5.8 for Zn. A very notable exception is Cu with D〈sup〉biotite/melt〈/sup〉 〈 0.9. This is likely one of the reasons why Cu is enriched together with Mo (D〈sup〉biotite/melt〈/sup〉 = 0.29) in porphyry deposits associated with intermediate to felsic plutons, while the other transition metals are not. Both Nb and Ta are mildly compatible in biotite with D〈sup〉biotite/melt〈/sup〉 being larger for Nb (3.69) than for Ta (1.89). Moderate (15—30%) biotite fractionation would be sufficient to reduce the Nb/Ta ratio from the chondritic value to the range observed in the continental crust. Moreover, the strong partitioning of Ti into biotite implies that already modest biotite fractionation suppresses the saturation of Ti-oxide phases and thereby indirectly facilitates the enrichment of Ta over Nb in the residual melt. The heavy alkalis, alkaline earths, and Pb are only mildly fractionated between biotite and melt (D〈sup〉biotite/melt〈/sup〉 = 3.8 for Rb, 0.6 for Cs, 0.6 for Sr, 1.8 for Ba, 0.7 for Pb). The rare earth elements are generally incompatible in biotite, with a minimum for Dbiotite/melt of 0.03–0.06 at Gd, Tb, and Dy, while both the light and heavy rare earths are less incompatible (e.g. D〈sup〉biotite/melt〈/sup〉 = 0.6 for La and 0.3 for Yb). This behavior probably reflects a partitioning into two sites, the K site for the light rare earths and the octahedral Mg site for the heavy rare earths. There is no obvious dependence of the rare earth partition coefficients on tetrahedral Al in the biotite, presumably because charge balancing by cation vacancies is possible. Allanite was found as run product in some experiments. For the light rare earths, D〈sup〉allanite/melt〈/sup〉 is very high (e.g. 385 to 963 for Ce and Nd) and appears to increase with decreasing temperatures. However, the rather high solubility of allanite in the melts implies that it likely only crystallizes during the last stages of cooling of most magmas, except if the source magma is unusually enriched in rare earths.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: Universität Bayreuth (3145)
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Biotite ; Allanite ; Granite ; Partitioning ; Solubility ; Rare earths ; Niobium ; Tantalum ; Nb/Ta ratio ; Porphyry copper deposits
    Language: English
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    Linking gas and particle ejection dynamics to boundary conditions in scaled shock-tube experiments (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-02
    Description: Predicting the onset, style and duration of explosive volcanic eruptions remains a great challenge. While the fundamental underlying processes are thought to be known, a clear correlation between eruptive features observable above Earth’s surface and conditions and properties in the immediate subsurface is far from complete. Furthermore, the highly dynamic nature and inaccessibility of explosive events means that progress in the field investigation of such events remains slow. Scaled experimental investigations represent an opportunity to study individual volcanic processes separately and, despite their highly dynamic nature, to quantify them systematically. Here, impulsively generated vertical gas-particle jets were generated using rapid decompression shock-tube experiments. The angular deviation from the vertical, defined as the “spreading angle”, has been quantified for gas and particles on both sides of the jets at different time steps using high-speed video analysis. The experimental variables investigated are 1) vent geometry, 2) tube length, 3) particle load, 4) particle size, and 5) temperature. Immediately prior to the first above-vent observations, gas expansion accommodates the initial gas overpressure. All experimental jets inevitably start with a particle-free gas phase (gas-only), which is typically clearly visible due to expansion-induced cooling and condensation. We record that the gas spreading angle is directly influenced by 1) vent geometry and 2) the duration of the initial gas-only phase. After some delay, whose length depends on the experimental conditions, the jet incorporates particles becoming a gas-particle jet. Below we quantify how our experimental conditions affect the temporal evolution of these two phases (gas-only and gas-particle) of each jet. As expected, the gas spreading angle is always at least as large as the particle spreading angle. The latter is positively correlated with particle load and negatively correlated with particle size. Such empirical experimentally derived relationships between the observable features of the gas-particle jets and known initial conditions can serve as input for the parameterisation of equivalent observations at active volcanoes, alleviating the circumstances where an a priori knowledge of magma textures and ascent rate, temperature and gas overpressure and/or the geometry of the shallow plumbing system is typically chronically lacking. The generation of experimental parameterisations raises the possibility that detailed field investigations on gas-particle jets at frequently erupting volcanoes might be used for elucidating subsurface parameters and their temporal variability, with all the implications that may have for better defining hazard assessment.
    Description: Seventh Framework Programme http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004963
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.030
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Explosive volcanism, ; Experimental volcanology, ; Spreading angle, ; Shock-tube
    Language: English
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    Cone penetration tests in dry and saturated Ticino sand (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-29
    Description: It is commonly assumed that dry and saturated sands exhibit similar cone resistance–relative density relationships. Some studies pointed out that partial saturation and calcareous sands with considerable fines content are potential factors affecting these relationships. However, there is experimental evidence in Shaqour Bull Eng Geol Environ 66:59-70, (2006) that clean uncemented quartz sand may exhibit lower cone resistance in saturated conditions. The present study aims on contributing towards better understanding the effect of water saturation on cone resistance in sand. For this purpose, Ticino sand samples were prepared dry and saturated in a calibration chamber and cone penetration tests were performed over a wide range of relative densities and at two consolidation stresses. Overall, it was observed that dry and saturated samples exhibited similar cone resistances. Only slightly higher cone resistances were observed for dry samples at the lower consolidation stress. Two anomalous samples, which were tested dry at medium relative density, were found to exhibit way higher cone resistances than expected from published cone resistance–relative density relationships. The Young's modulus was observed to be proportional to cone resistance and independent of whether a sample was tested dry or saturated, being therefore considered as more robust soil property for cone resistance relationships.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006360
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Cone penetration test ; Water saturation ; Dry sand ; Calibration chamber ; Relative density ; Young’s modulus
    Language: English
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    Simulation of direct shear tests using a forces on fracture surfaces (FFS) approach (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-13
    Description: The aim of this work is to provide a complete data set of direct shear tests and to propose a corresponding simulation approach. Tests have been conducted on crystalline rock samples applying constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary conditions. A physical consistent algorithm which explicitly calculates the forces acting on the fracture surface (FFS) has been developed. This FFS approach can explain the occurrence of surface degradation and shows the main shear characteristics. After all, shearing of rough rock joints remains a complex process and the differences between laboratory and simulation results are still significant in some cases. All data and input files are provided free for download and testing.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (3135)
    Description: http://www.ufz.de/record/dmp/archive/7925
    Description: http://www.ufz.de/record/dmp/archive/7924
    Description: https://github.com/Poetschke/Ecodist
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; GeomInt project ; Direct shear test ; Rock surface scanning ; Rock joint ; Joint constitutive model
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    Release characteristics of overpressurised gas from complex vents: implications for volcanic hazards (2020)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Many explosive volcanic eruptions produce underexpanded starting gas-particle jets. The dynamics of the accompanying pyroclast ejection can be affected by several parameters, including magma texture, gas overpressure, erupted volume and geometry. With respect to the latter, volcanic craters and vents are often highly asymmetrical. Here, we experimentally evaluate the effect of vent asymmetry on gas expansion behaviour and gas jet dynamics directly above the vent. The vent geometries chosen for this study are based on field observations. The novel element of the vent geometry investigated herein is an inclined exit plane (5, 15, 30° slant angle) in combination with cylindrical and diverging inner geometries. In a vertical setup, these modifications yield both laterally variable spreading angles as well as a diversion of the jets, where inner geometry (cylindrical/diverging) controls the direction of the inclination. Both the spreading angle and the inclination of the jet are highly sensitive to reservoir (conduit) pressure and slant angle. Increasing starting reservoir pressure and slant angle yield (1) a maximum spreading angle (up to 62°) and (2) a maximum jet inclination for cylindrical vents (up to 13°). Our experiments thus constrain geometric contributions to the mechanisms controlling eruption jet dynamics with implications for the generation of asymmetrical distributions of proximal hazards around volcanic vents.
    Description: European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Explosive eruptions ; Crater asymmetry ; Vent asymmetry ; Gas jets ; Inclined jets ; Tilted eruptions
    Language: English
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  • 59
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    Vesicle shrinkage in hydrous phonolitic melt during cooling (2020)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The ascent of hydrous magma prior to volcanic eruptions is largely driven by the formation of H2O vesicles and their subsequent growth upon further decompression. Porosity controls buoyancy as well as vesicle coalescence and percolation, and is important when identifying the differences between equilibrium or disequilibrium degassing from textural analysis of eruptive products. Decompression experiments are routinely used to simulate magma ascent. Samples exposed to high temperature (T) and pressure (P) are decompressed and rapidly cooled to ambient T for analysis. During cooling, fluid vesicles may shrink due to decrease of the molar volume of H2O and by resorption of H2O back into the melt driven by solubility increase with decreasing T at P 〈 300 MPa. Here, we quantify the extent to which vesicles shrink during cooling, using a series of decompression experiments with hydrous phonolitic melt (5.3–3.3 wt% H2O, T between 1323 and 1373 K, decompressed from 200 to 110–20 MPa). Most samples degassed at near-equilibrium conditions during decompression. However, the porosities of quenched samples are significantly lower than expected equilibrium porosities prior to cooling. At a cooling rate of 44 K·s−1, the fictive temperature Tf, where vesicle shrinkage stops, is up to 200 K above the glass transition temperature (Tg), Furthermore, decreasing cooling rate enhances vesicles shrinkage. We assess the implications of these findings on previous experimental degassing studies using phonolitic melt, and highlight the importance of correctly interpreting experimental porosity data, before any comparison to natural volcanic ejecta can be attempted.
    Description: German Science Foundation
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Decompression experiments ; Vesiculation ; Vesicle shrinkage ; Quench effect ; H2O resorption ; Fictive temperature
    Language: English
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  • 60
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    The effect of initial H2O concentration on decompression-induced phase separation and degassing of hydrous phonolitic melt (2020)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Supersaturation of H2O during magma ascent leads to degassing of melt by formation and growth of vesicles that may power explosive volcanic eruptions. Here, we present experiments to study the effect of initially dissolved H2O concentration (cH2Oini) on vesicle formation, growth, and coalescence in phonolitic melt. Vesuvius phonolitic melts with cH2Oini ranging between 3.3 and 6.3 wt% were decompressed at rates of 1.7 and 0.17 MPa·s−1 and at temperatures ≥ 1323 K. Decompression started from 270 and 200 MPa to final pressures of 150–20 MPa, where samples were quenched isobarically. Optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopic measurements confirm that the glasses obtained were free of microcrystals and Fe-oxide nanolites, implying that the experiments were superliquidus and phase separation of the hydrous melt was homogeneous. A minimum number of the initially formed vesicles, defined by the number density normalized to vesicle-free glass volume (VND), is observed at ~ 5 wt% cH2Oini with a logVND of ~ 5 (in mm−3). The logVND increases strongly towards lower and higher cH2Oini by one order of magnitude. Furthermore, an important transition in evolution of vesiculation occurs at ~ 5.6 wt% cH2Oini. At lower cH2Oini, the initial VND is preserved during further decompression up to melt porosities of 30–50%. At higher cH2Oini, the initial vesicle population is erased at low melt porosities of 15–21% during further decompression. This observation is attributed to vesicle coalescence favored by low melt viscosity. In conclusion, cH2Oini determines the VND of initial phase separation and the evolution of vesiculation during decompression that controls the style of volcanic eruptions.
    Description: German Science Foundation
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Vesicle number density ; Phonolitic melt ; Spinodal decomposition ; Melt degassing ; H2O concentration ; Fe-oxide nanolites
    Language: English
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    Volcanic CO2 flux measurement at Campi Flegrei by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (2015)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Near-infrared room temperature tunable diode lasers(TDL) have recently found increased usage in atmospheric chemistry and air monitoring research, but applications in volcanology are still limited to a few examples. Here, we explored the potential of a commercial infrared laser unit (GasFinder 2.0 from Boreal Laser Ltd) for measurement of volcanic CO2 mixing ratios, and ultimately for estimating the volcanic CO2 flux. Our field tests were conducted at Campi Flegrei near Pozzuoli, Southern Italy, where the GasFinder was used during three campaigns in October 2012, January 2013 and May 2013 to repeatedly measure the path-integrated mixing ratios of CO2 along cross sections of the atmospheric plumes of two major fumarolic fields (Solfatara and Pisciarelli). By using a tomographic post-processing routine, we resolved, for each of the two fields, the contour maps of CO2 mixing ratios in the atmosphere, from the integration of which (and after multiplication by the plumes’ transport speeds) the CO2 fluxes were finally obtained. We evaluate a total CO2 output from the Campi Flegrei fumaroles of ∼490 Mg/day, in line with independent estimates based on in situ (Multi-GAS) observations. We conclude that TDL technique may enable CO2 flux quantification at other volcanoes worldwide.
    Description: 1- Progetto V2 “Precursori” DPC-INGV research agreement 2012-2013; 2- Miur (PRIN 2009; PI M.V.), and 3-European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007/2013)/ERC grant agreement n1305377 (PI, A.A).
    Description: Published
    Description: 812
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Tunable diode lasers ; Atmospheric CO2 monitoring ; gas sensing ; spectroscopy ; Volcanic CO2 fluxes ; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Reply to comment from Liotta and Rizzo on “Evolution of CO2 , SO2 , HCl and HNO3 in the volcanic plumes from Etna” by Voigt et al. [Geophys. Res. Lett.; 41, doi:10.1002/2013GL058974] (2015)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Editor’s Note: The following comment and reply arise from an article published in Geophysical Research Letters by Voigt et al. (2014). The article addresses a volcanology topic, and the commenters take issue with some conclusions and offer an analysis of their own. Voigt and co-authors have responded. Why is this comment-and-reply being published in the Bulletin? It is because Geophysical Research Letters is one of a number of journals that do not offer any published forum for discussion of the papers they publish. This is a matter of editorial policy and a decision for each journal. The Bulletin of Volcanology does provide a forum for discussion of articles published. When contacted by Marcello Liotta with the request that the Bulletin consider hosting a discussion of the Voigt et al. volcanology article in GRL, I agreed to do so if the GRL authors were willing to engage with the comment. Voigt and co-authors were willing to do so and have been allowed a small amount of additional space to summarize for Bulletin readers the key points of the GRL paper under discussion before responding directly to the comment from Liotta and Rizzo. I hope that Bulletin readers find the discussion and reply of interest.
    Description: Published
    Description: 865
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcanic degassing ; Volcanic plume ; Etna ; Chemical evolution of trace gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Change in magma supply dynamics identified in observations of soil CO2 emissions in the summit area of Mt. Etna (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report the results of 16 months of continuous measurements of soil CO2 flux at a fumarole field in the summit area of Mt. Etna. The patterns of soil CO2 emissions suggest two contrasting degassing regimes. During the period of observation, volcanic activity at the summit craters displayed striking extremes, ranging from passive to explosive degassing, which culminated in lava fountains. These changes in activity coincided with fluctuation between the two degassing patterns. Building on the findings of previous studies, we propose an interpretative framework that explains the observed correlation in terms of a modification of the dynamics of magma supply. We argue that periods of higher CO2 flux are associated with deep open system degassing conditions, whereas low-level CO2 flux signals closed system degassing and less efficient discharge of deeply exsolved gas. An important implication of our study is that, in relation to the two degassing regimes, two types of activity are expected at the summit craters. Thus, our measurements represent a valuable tool for the evaluation of the evolution of volcanic activity
    Description: Published
    Description: 846
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Magma supply dynamics ; Soil CO2 emissions ; Lava fountain ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 64
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    Comment on “Evolution of CO2, SO2, HCl and HNO3 in the volcanic plumes from Etna” by Voigt et al. [Geophys. Res. Lett.; 41, doi:10.1002/2013GL058974] (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Editor’s Note: The following comment and reply arise from an article published in Geophysical Research Letters by Voigt et al. (2014). The article addresses a volcanology topic, and the commenters take issue with some conclusions and offer an analysis of their own. Voigt and co-authors have responded. Why is this comment-and-reply being published in the Bulletin? It is because Geophysical Research Letters is one of a number of journals that do not offer any published forum for discussion of the papers they publish. This is a matter of editorial policy, and a decision for each journal. The Bulletin of Volcanology does provide a forum for discussion of articles published. When contacted by Marcello Liotta with the request that the Bulletin consider hosting a discussion of the Voigt et al. volcanology article in GRL, I agreed to do so if the GRL authors were willing to engage with the comment. Voigt and co-authors were willing to do so, and have been allowed a small amount of additional space to summarize for Bulletin readers the key points of the GRL paper under discussion before responding directly to the comment from Liotta and Rizzo. I hope that Bulletin readers find the discussion and reply of interest. James D.L. White Executive Editor, Bulletin of Volcanology
    Description: Published
    Description: 864
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Evolution . Mt. Etna . Volcanic plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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    Compositionally zoned crystals and real-time degassing data reveal changes in magma transfer dynamics during the 2006 summit eruptive episodes of Mt. Etna (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: One of the major objectives of volcanology remains relating variations in surface monitoring signals to the magmatic processes at depth that cause these variations. We present a method that enables compositional and temporal information stored in zoning of minerals (olivine in this case) to be linked to observations of real-time degassing data. The integrated record may reveal details of the dynamics of gradual evolution of a plumbing system during eruption. We illustrate our approach using the 2006 summit eruptive episodes of Mt. Etna. We find that the history tracked by olivine crystals, and hence, most likely the magma pathways within the shallow plumbing system of Mt. Etna, differed considerably between the July and October eruptions. The compositional and temporal record preserved in the olivine zoning patterns reveal two mafic recharge events within months of each other (June and September 2006), and each of these magma supplies may have triggered the initiation of different eruptive cycles (July 14–24 and August 31–December 14). Correlation of these observations with gas monitoring data shows that the systematic rise of the CO2/SO2gas values is associated with the gradual (preand syn-eruptive) supply of batches of gas-rich mafic magma into segments of Etna’s shallow plumbing system, where mixing with pre-existing and more evolved magma occurred.
    Description: This work was funded by the German Science Foundation as part of the collaborative research centre (SFB) on Rheology of the Crust—from the upper crust to the subduction zone (SFB 526).
    Description: Published
    Description: 692
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Crystal zoning ; Plumbing system Mt. Etna ; Magma mixing ; Gas monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Hydrogen emissions from Erebus volcano, Antarctica (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The continuous measurement of molecular hydrogen (H2) emissions from passively degassing volcanoes has recently been made possible using a new generation of low-cost electrochemical sensors. We have used such sensors to measure H2, along with SO2, H2O and CO2, in the gas and aerosol plume emitted from the phonolite lava lake at Erebus volcano, Antarctica. The measurements were made at the crater rim between December 2010 and January 2011. Combined with measurements of the long-term SO2 emission rate for Erebus, they indicate a characteristic H2 flux of 0. 03 kg s-1 (2. 8 Mg day-1). The observed H2 content in the plume is consistent with previous estimates of redox conditions in the lava lake inferred from mineral compositions and the observed CO2/CO ratio in the gas plume (~0. 9 log units below the quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer). These measurements suggest that H2 does not combust at the surface of the lake, and that H2 is kinetically inert in the gas/aerosol plume, retaining the signature of the high-temperature chemical equilibrium reached in the lava lake. We also observe a cyclical variation in the H2/SO2 ratio with a period of ~10 min. These cycles correspond to oscillatory patterns of surface motion of the lava lake that have been interpreted as signs of a pulsatory magma supply at the top of the magmatic conduit.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2109 – 2120
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Erebus volcano; Hydrogen; Lava lake; Magma redox conditions; Volcanic degassing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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    Geochemical and isotopic changes in the fumarolic and submerged gas discharges during the 2011–2012 unrest at Santorini caldera (Greece) (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Abstract A geochemical survey of fumarolic and submerged gases from fluid discharges located in the Nea Kameni and Palea Kameni islets (Santorini Island, Greece) was carried out before, during, and after the unrest related to the anomalously high seismic and ground deformation activity that affected this volcanic system since January 2011. Our data show that from May 2011 to February 2012, the Nea Kameni fumaroles showed a significant increase of H2 concentrations. After this period, an abrupt decrease in the H2 contents, accompanied by decreasing seismic events, was recorded. A similar temporal pattern was shown by the F−, Cl−, SO4 2−, and NH4 + concentrations in the fumarolic condensates. During the sharp increase of H2 concentrations, when values up to 158 mmol/ mol were measured, the δ13C–CO2 values, which prior to January 2011 were consistent with a dominant CO2 thermometamorphic source, have shown a significant decrease, suggesting an increase of mantle CO2 contribution. Light hydrocarbons, including CH4, which are controlled by chemical reactions kinetically slower than H2 production from H2O dissociation, displayed a sharp increase in March 2012, under enhanced reducing conditions caused by the high H2 concentrations of May 2011–February 2012. The general increase in light hydrocarbons continued up to July 2012, notwithstanding the contemporaneous H2 decrease. The temporal patterns of CO2 concentrations and N2/Ar ratios increased similarly to that of H2, possibly due to sealing processes in the fumarolic conduits that diminished the contamination related to the entrance of atmospheric gases in the fumarolic conduits. The compositional evolution of the Nea Kameni fumaroles can be explained by a convective heat pulse from depth associated with the seismic activation of the NE–SW-oriented Kameni tectonic lineament, possibly triggered by either injection of new magma below Nea Kameni island, as apparently suggested by the evolution of the seismic and ground deformation activity, or increased permeability of the volcanic plumbing system resulting from the tectonic movements affecting the area. The results of the present study demonstrate that the geophysical and geochemical signals at Santorini are interrelated and may be precursory signals of renewed volcanic activity and encourage the development of interdisciplinary monitoring program to mitigate the volcanic risk in the most tourist-visited island of the Mediterranean Sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 711
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Santorini Island . ; Fluid geochemistry ; Geochemical monitoring ; Seismic crisis ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 68
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    Unknown
    Vent temperature trends at the Vulcano Fossa fumarole field: the role of permeability (2013)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Between 1994 and 2010, we completed 16 thermal surveys of Vulcano’s Fossa fumarole field (Aeolian Islands, Italy). In each survey, between 400 and 1,200 vent temperatures were collected using a thermal infrared thermometer from distances of ∼1 m. The results show a general decrease in average vent temperature during 1994–2003, with the average for the entire field falling from ∼220°C in 1994 to ∼150°C by 2003. However, between 2004 and 2010, we witnessed heating, with the average increasing to ∼190°C by 2010. Alongside these annual-scale field-wide trends, we record a spatial re-organisation of the fumarole field, characterised by shut down of vent zones towards the crater floor, matched by rejuvenation of zones located towards the crater rim. Heating may be expected to be associated with deflation because increased amounts of vaporisation will remove volume from the hydrothermal system Gambino and Guglielmino (J Geophys Res 113: B07402, 2008). However, over the 2004–2010 heating period, no ground deformation was observed. Instead, the number of seismic events increased from a typical rate of 37 events per month during 1994–2000 to 195 events per month during 2004–2010. As part of this increase, we noticed a much greater number of high-frequency events associated with rock fracturing. We thus suggest that the heating event of 2004–2010 was the result of changed permeability conditions, rather than change in the heat supply from the deeper magmatic source. Within this scenario, cooling causes shut down of lower sectors and re-establishment of pathways located towards the crater rim, causing fracturing, increased seismicity and heat flow in these regions. This is consistent with the zone of rejuvenation (which lies towards and at the rim) being the most favourable location for fracturing given the stress field of the Fossa cone Schöpa et al. (J Volcanol Geotherm Res 203:133–145, 2011); it is also the most established zone, having been active at least since the early twentieth century. Our data show the value of deploying multi-disciplinary geophysical campaigns at degassing (fumarolic) hydrothermal systems. This allows more complete and constrained understanding of the true heat loss dynamics of the system. In the case study presented here, it allows us to distinguish true heating from apparent heating phases. While the former are triggered from the bottom-up, i.e. they are driven by increases in heat supply from the magmatic source, the latter are triggered from the top-down, i.e. by changing permeability conditions in the uppermost portion of the system to allow more efficient heat flow over zones predisposed to fracturing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1293-1311
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Fumaroles ; Vulcano ; Vent temperature ; Seismicity ; Ground Deformation ; Permeability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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