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  • Cell Line  (2,037)
  • Engineering
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,084)
  • Goleta, CA  (21)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-06-23
    Description: Exoskeletons and active prostheses promise to enhance human mobility, but few have succeeded. Optimizing device characteristics on the basis of measured human performance could lead to improved designs. We have developed a method for identifying the exoskeleton assistance that minimizes human energy cost during walking. Optimized torque patterns from an exoskeleton worn on one ankle reduced metabolic energy consumption by 24.2 ± 7.4% compared to no torque. The approach was effective with exoskeletons worn on one or both ankles, during a variety of walking conditions, during running, and when optimizing muscle activity. Finding a good generic assistance pattern, customizing it to individual needs, and helping users learn to take advantage of the device all contributed to improved economy. Optimization methods with these features can substantially improve performance.
    Keywords: Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Tricyclic antidepressants exert their pharmacological effect-inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine-by directly blocking neurotransmitter transporters (SERT, NET, and DAT, respectively) in the presynaptic membrane. The drug-binding site and the mechanism of this inhibition are poorly understood. We determined the crystal structure at 2.9 angstroms of the bacterial leucine transporter (LeuT), a homolog of SERT, NET, and DAT, in complex with leucine and the antidepressant desipramine. Desipramine binds at the inner end of the extracellular cavity of the transporter and is held in place by a hairpin loop and by a salt bridge. This binding site is separated from the leucine-binding site by the extracellular gate of the transporter. By directly locking the gate, desipramine prevents conformational changes and blocks substrate transport. Mutagenesis experiments on human SERT and DAT indicate that both the desipramine-binding site and its inhibition mechanism are probably conserved in the human neurotransmitter transporters.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Zheng -- Zhen, Juan -- Karpowich, Nathan K -- Goetz, Regina M -- Law, Christopher J -- Reith, Maarten E A -- Wang, Da-Neng -- DA013261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA019676/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019676/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053973/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK060841/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM095315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1390-3. Epub 2007 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Desipramine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Dopamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Leucine/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine/chemistry/metabolism ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Serotonin/chemistry/metabolism ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Description: The STAT family of proteins carries out a dual function: signal transduction and activation of transcription. A new family member, Stat3, becomes activated through phosphorylation on tyrosine as a DNA binding protein in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). It is likely that this phosphoprotein forms homodimers as well as heterodimers with the first described member of the STAT family, Stat91 (renamed Stat1 alpha), which is activated by the IFNs and EGF. Differential activation of different STAT proteins in response to different ligands should help to explain specificity in nuclear signaling from the cell surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhong, Z -- Wen, Z -- Darnell, J E Jr -- AI32489/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):95-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8140422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-6/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Sequence Alignment ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1998-03-07
    Description: The mechanisms by which Ebola virus evades detection and infects cells to cause hemorrhagic fever have not been defined, though its glycoprotein, synthesized in either a secreted or transmembrane form, is likely involved. Here the secreted glycoprotein was found to interact with neutrophils through CD16b, the neutrophil-specific form of the Fc gamma receptor III, whereas the transmembrane glycoprotein was found to interact with endothelial cells but not neutrophils. A murine retroviral vector pseudotyped with the transmembrane glycoprotein preferentially infected endothelial cells. Thus, the secreted glycoprotein inhibits early neutrophil activation, which likely affects the host response to infection, whereas binding of the transmembrane glycoprotein to endothelial cells may contribute to the hemorrhagic symptoms of this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Z -- Delgado, R -- Xu, L -- Todd, R F -- Nabel, E G -- Sanchez, A -- Nabel, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):1034-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Ebolavirus/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*metabolism/virology ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism/secretion ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology ; Humans ; L-Selectin/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics/physiology ; Neutrophil Activation ; Neutrophils/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, IgG/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/secretion
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Influenza virus entry is mediated by the receptor binding domain (RBD) of its spike, the hemagglutinin (HA). Adaptation of avian viruses to humans is associated with HA specificity for alpha2,6- rather than alpha2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors. Here, we define mutations in influenza A subtype H5N1 (avian) HA that alter its specificity for SA either by decreasing alpha2,3- or increasing alpha2,6-SA recognition. RBD mutants were used to develop vaccines and monoclonal antibodies that neutralized new variants. Structure-based modification of HA specificity can guide the development of preemptive vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that can be evaluated before the emergence of human-adapted H5N1 strains.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2367145/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2367145/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Wei, Chih-Jen -- Kong, Wing-Pui -- Wu, Lan -- Xu, Ling -- Smith, David F -- Nabel, Gary J -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):825-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Cell Line ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sialic Acids/*metabolism ; Vaccination
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: Engineered biological systems that integrate multi-input sensing, sophisticated information processing, and precisely regulated actuation in living cells could be useful in a variety of applications. For example, anticancer therapies could be engineered to detect and respond to complex cellular conditions in individual cells with high specificity. Here, we show a scalable transcriptional/posttranscriptional synthetic regulatory circuit--a cell-type "classifier"--that senses expression levels of a customizable set of endogenous microRNAs and triggers a cellular response only if the expression levels match a predetermined profile of interest. We demonstrate that a HeLa cancer cell classifier selectively identifies HeLa cells and triggers apoptosis without affecting non-HeLa cell types. This approach also provides a general platform for programmed responses to other complex cell states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, Zhen -- Wroblewska, Liliana -- Prochazka, Laura -- Weiss, Ron -- Benenson, Yaakov -- 1R01CA155320-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM068763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1307-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1205527.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Cell Line ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; *RNA Interference ; Synthetic Biology/methods ; Transfection ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-06-28
    Description: Activated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors induce the formation of various complexes of intracellular signaling proteins that are mediated by SRC homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains. The activated receptors are also rapidly internalized into the endocytotic compartment and degraded in lysosomes. EGF stimulation of canine epithelial cells induced a rapid and transient association of the SH3-SH2-SH3 protein GRB2 with dynamin, a guanosine triphosphatase that regulates endocytosis. Disruption of GRB2 interactions by microinjection of a peptide corresponding to the GRB2 SH2 domain or its phosphopeptide ligand blocked EGF receptor endocytosis; other SH2 domains that bind EGF receptors or antibodies that neutralize RAS did not. Both activation and termination of EGF signaling appear to be regulated by the diverse interactions of GRB2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Z -- Moran, M F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 28;272(5270):1935-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Dogs ; Dynamins ; *Endocytosis/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; GRB2 Adaptor Protein ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Microinjections ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/immunology/physiology ; src Homology Domains/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merali, Zeeya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1376-7. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6036.1376.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Engineering ; China ; Engineering ; *Equipment Design ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Housing ; Spacecraft ; *Stents
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a mammalian homolog of the yeast Sir2 deacetylase. Mice deficient for SIRT6 exhibit genome instability. Here, we show that in mammalian cells subjected to oxidative stress SIRT6 is recruited to the sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and stimulates DSB repair, through both nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination. Our results indicate that SIRT6 physically associates with poly[adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and mono-ADP-ribosylates PARP1 on lysine residue 521, thereby stimulating PARP1 poly-ADP-ribosylase activity and enhancing DSB repair under oxidative stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mao, Zhiyong -- Hine, Christopher -- Tian, Xiao -- Van Meter, Michael -- Au, Matthew -- Vaidya, Amita -- Seluanov, Andrei -- Gorbunova, Vera -- F31 AG041603/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027237/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1443-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1202723.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA Repair ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Oxidative Stress ; Paraquat/pharmacology ; Point Mutation ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2000-07-06
    Description: An assay was developed to study plant receptor kinase activation and signaling mechanisms. The extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and transmembrane domains of the Arabidopsis receptor kinase BRI1, which is implicated in brassinosteroid signaling, were fused to the serine/threonine kinase domain of XA21, the rice disease resistance receptor. The chimeric receptor initiates plant defense responses in rice cells upon treatment with brassinosteroids. These results, which indicate that the extracellular domain of BRI1 perceives brassinosteroids, suggest a general signaling mechanism for the LRR receptor kinases of plants. This system should allow the discovery of ligands for the LRR kinases, the largest group of plant receptor kinases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Z -- Wang, Z Y -- Li, J -- Zhu, Q -- Lamb, C -- Ronald, P -- Chory, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 30;288(5475):2360-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biology Laboratory, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10875920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Brassinosteroids ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Chitinase/genetics ; Cholestanols/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Ligands ; Oryza/cytology/*metabolism/microbiology ; Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase/genetics ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Respiratory Burst ; *Signal Transduction ; Steroids, Heterocyclic/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Xanthomonas/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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