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  • Articles  (11)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques  (6)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology  (4)
  • Climate change
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • MDPI Publishing
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  • Articles  (11)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Science Advances 3 (2017): e1601426, doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601426.
    Description: Southern Ocean abyssal waters, in contact with the atmosphere at their formation sites around Antarctica, not only bring signals of a changing climate with them as they move around the globe but also contribute to that change through heat uptake and sea level rise. A repeat hydrographic line in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, occupied three times in the last two decades (1994, 2007, and, most recently, 2016), reveals that Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) continues to become fresher (0.004 ± 0.001 kg/g decade−1), warmer (0.06° ± 0.01°C decade−1), and less dense (0.011 ± 0.002 kg/m3 decade−1). The most recent observations in the Australian-Antarctic Basin show a particularly striking acceleration in AABW freshening between 2007 and 2016 (0.008 ± 0.001 kg/g decade−1) compared to the 0.002 ± 0.001 kg/g decade−1 seen between 1994 and 2007. Freshening is, in part, responsible for an overall shift of the mean temperature-salinity curve toward lower densities. The marked freshening may be linked to an abrupt iceberg-glacier collision and calving event that occurred in 2010 on the George V/Adélie Land Coast, the main source region of bottom waters for the Australian-Antarctic Basin. Because AABW is a key component of the global overturning circulation, the persistent decrease in bottom water density and the associated increase in steric height that result from continued warming and freshening have important consequences beyond the Southern Indian Ocean.
    Description: The 2016 I08S cruise and the analysis and science performed at sea, as well as the individual principal investigators were funded through multiple National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NSF grants including NSF grant OCE-1437015. The research for this article was mainly completed at sea. For land-based work, V.V.M. relied on her postdoctoral funding through NSF grant OCE-1435665, and A.M.M. was supported in part by NSF grant OCE-1356630 and NOAA grant NA11OAR4310063.
    Keywords: Salinity ; AABW ; Changes ; Water masses ; T-S properties ; Iceberg ; Calving ; Antartica ; Abyss ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A seguito dei tre eventi sismici di magnitudo ≥ 4.0, che tra il 10 e il 12 gennaio 2010 hanno colpito la zona del Fermano-Maceratese (Italia centrale), sono state installate due stazioni della rete sismica temporanea dell’INGV ad integrazione delle reti permanenti, nazionale e regionale, già presenti nell’area.
Questa zona ha una sismicità particolare confinata in uno strato sismogenetico fragile ad una profondità compresa tra 15 e 25 km meritevole di un’analisi dettagliata. Le stazioni sono state collegate in tempo reale al centro di acquisizione della Rete Sismica Nazionale dell’INGV utilizzando dei router UMTS. Questa soluzione si è rivelata estremamente rapida e conveniente. Solo una delle stazioni ha infatti risentito della debolezza del segnale UMTS, ma in generale i dati raccolti hanno contribuito a migliorare le localizzazioni ipocentrali prodotte in tempo reale presso la sala di sorveglianza sismica di Roma. L’integrazione dei dati acquisiti dalle stazioni temporanee ai dati prodotti dalle reti permanenti, ha fornito un dataset di buona qualità già rielaborato per degli studi di dettaglio dell’area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-30
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Emergency ; Seismic Monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a collection of pictures of the coseismic secondary geological effects produced on the environment by the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence in northern Italy. The May-June 2012 sequence struck a broad area located in the Po Plain region, causing 26 deaths and hundreds of injured, 15.000 homeless, severe damage of historical centres and industrial areas, and an estimated economic toll of ~2 billion of euros. The sequence included two mainshocks (Figure 1): the first one, with ML 5.9, occurred on May 20 between Finale Emilia, S. Felice sul Panaro and S. Martino Spino; the second one, with ML 5.8, occurred 12 km southwest of the previous mainshock on May 29. Both the mainshocks occurred on about E-W trending, S dipping blind thrust faults; the whole aftershocks area extends in an E-W direction for more than 50 km and includes five ML≥5.0 events and more than 1800 ML〉1.5 events. Ground cracks and liquefactions were certainly the most relevant coseismic geological effects observed during the Emilia sequence. In particular, extensive liquefaction was observed over an area of ~1200 km2 following the May 20 and May 29 events. We collected all the coseismic geological evidence through field survey, helicopter and powered hang-glider trike survey, and reports from local people directly checked in the field. On the basis of their morphologic and structural characteristics the 1362 effects surveyed were grouped into three main categories: a) liquefactions related to overpressure of aquifers, occurring through several aligned vents forming coalescent flat cones (485 effects); b) liquefactions with huge amounts of liquefied sand and fine sand ejected from fractures tens of meters long (768); c) extensional fractures with small vertical throws, apparently organized in an en-echelon pattern, with no effects of liquefaction (109). The photographic dataset consists of 99 pictures of coseismic geological effects observed in 17 localities concentrated in the epicentral area. The pictures are sorted and presented by locality of observation; each photo reports several information such as the name of the site, the geographical coordinates and the type of effect observed. Figure 1 shows a map of the pictures sites along with the location of the two mainshocks; Figure 2 shows a detail of the distribution of the liquefactions in the area of S. Carlo. The complete description of the coseismic geological effects induced by the Emilia sequence, their relation with the aftershock area, the InSAR deformation area and the I〉6 EMS felt area, along with the description of the technologies used for data sourcing and processing are shown in Emergeo Working Group [2012a and 2012b].
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-70
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: liquefaction features ; 2012 Emilia seismic sequence ; survey report ; EMERGEO ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the framework of ground-motion amplification analysis for southern Italy, the main target of this study is to provide new constraints on onedimensional, shallow-velocity profiles for a site in the San Fele area near the city of Potenza (southern Italy) where a permanent Irpinia Seismic Network (ISNet) seismic station is installed. Ambient noise vibrations were recorded during a seismic survey in San Fele, and the data acquired were used to define the shallow shear-wave velocity profiles and thicknesses of the shallow soil layers, through analysis of the dispersion characteristics of the surface waves. Single station and array techniques were used to obtain robust results, which show relatively flat curves of the H/V spectral ratios and variations in shearwave velocities confined to the first 50 m in depth. On the basis of these results for the San Fele site, the present study aims to delineate a standard procedure that can be systematically applied to all of the other ISNet stations to improve site characterization. This will allow more accurate evaluation of peak ground-motion quantities (e.g. peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity) at rock sites for use in shakemap analysis.
    Description: AMRA S.c. a r.l.
    Description: Published
    Description: 59-68
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Site effects ; seismic noise ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: BREVIA
    Description: We report on the discovery in southern Egypt of an impact crater 45 m in diameter with a pristine rayed structure. Such pristine structures have been previously observed only on atmosphereless rocky or icy planetary bodies in the Solar System. This feature and the association with an iron meteorite impactor and shock metamorphism provides a unique picture of small-scale hypervelocity impacts on the Earth's crust. Contrary to current geophysical models, ground data indicate that iron meteorites with masses of the order of tens of tons can penetrate the atmosphere without significant fragmentation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 804
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Impact crater ; Egypt ; geophysical exploration ; ataxite ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: La rete sismica MedNet (Mediterranean Network) nasce alla fine degli anni ’80 con due obiettivi principali: migliorare la conoscenza della struttura tettonica del Mediterraneo attraverso lo studio della sorgente di terremoti forti e moderati e applicare queste conoscenze per la mitigazione del rischio sismico nella regione mediterranea. A questi obiettivi se ne aggiunge uno di carattere più generale ma non per questo meno importante, la diffusione della cultura sismologica a larga banda nella regione. Il progetto MedNet si proponeva inizialmente di installare 12-15 stazioni a larga banda con una spaziatura di circa 1000 km. Nel 1988 il progetto è stato incorporato all’interno del World Laboratory di Losanna (Svizzera), un’organizzazione che aveva come scopo quello di promuovere la scienza nei paesi in via di sviluppo. Il supporto del World-Lab portò ad una rapida crescita della rete MedNet con la realizzazione di accordi scientifici con i paesi nord-africani e l’apertura di stazioni in Marocco, Algeria, Tunisia ed Egitto. Negli ultimi 15 anni il cambiamento delle condizioni politiche, e l’impressionante sviluppo tecnologico ha portato ad un ampliamento delle prospettive del progetto MedNet, che, pur mantenendo invariati i due obbiettivi iniziali, ha espanso l’area di interesse alla regione balcanica, un’area interessata da una forte sismicità e con una tradizione sismologica importante ma povera di stazioni sismiche a larga-banda. Fin dall’inizio particolare enfasi è stata posta sulla scelta dei siti, ricercando miniere, gallerie abbandonate o siti in luoghi molto remoti per esaltare le qualità del sismometro scelto, lo Streckeisen STS-1, il miglior sismometro a larghissima banda mai prodotto. Fino all’avvento dei sistemi di trasmissione in tempo reale per i dati sismici, i dati erano esclusivamente registrati in sito su nastri magnetici e spediti via posta. Questo ha avuto il non trascurabile effetto collaterale di rendere difficile la manutenzione della stazione, sia per la difficoltà (logistica ed economica) di raggiungimento del sito, sia perché spesso passavano mesi tra il guasto, il ricevimento del nastro magnetico e l’identificazione del guasto stesso. Una connessione telefonica con la maggior parte dei siti garantiva la possibilità di scaricare dati “on demand” in caso di terremoto e la procedura automatica Muscles fornì nel 1997 una stima rapida della magnitudo del terremoto di Colfiorito dopo pochi minuti. Oggi la trasmissione dati è assicurata da un robusto sistema in “real time” basato sul protocollo SeedLink, uno standard de-facto per la trasmissione dati sviluppato nell’ambito del progetto europeo Meredian. Tale protocollo garantisce la fruibilità dei dati in tempo reale, la continuità del dato archiviato e il monitoraggio in tempo reale delle stazioni. Il Progetto MedNet fin dagli albori si è integrato nella Federazione di reti digitali a larga banda (FDSN), è partner di IRIS ed Orfeus e, distribuendo i dati alla comunità internazionale in modo rapido e automatico, ha contribuito e contribuisce allo studio della sismologia sia a scala globale che regionale e locale. Particolare enfasi si è cercato di dare fin dall’inizio e con continuità alla fruibilità dei dati da parte dei partner stranieri ospitanti la stazione al fine di contribuire con la stazione MedNet alla loro rete sismica locale e fornire così uno strumento in più per il monitoraggio e lo studio della sismicità del loro paese. Oggi la rete MedNet conta 28 stazioni installate, di cui 25 funzionanti, in 14 paesi. Le stazioni contribuiscono al monitoraggio in tempo reale dell’Italia e di tutti i paesi ospitanti
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-15
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: mednet ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L’uso del rumore ambientale nella valutazione della risposta sismica locale sta diventando molto frequente data la sua facile applicabilità e sensibilità alla variazione spaziale della geologia superficiale. Ciò lo rende particolarmente adatto nelle aree urbane, dove la natura delle unità geologiche affioranti è mascherata dagli interventi antropici. Il lavoro descrive i metodi di acquisizione e di trattamento dei dati, utilizzati durante una campagna svoltasi nell'area urbana di Catania.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-30
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: NOISE ; ACQUISIZIONE ; URBANA ; CATANIA ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: In 2005, thanks to the 3-year agreement between Dipartimento Nazionale della Protezione Civile (DPC) and Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) - Centro Nazionale Terremoti (CNT), the project of the first Italian “Ocean Bottom Seismometer with Hydrophone” (OBS/H) for long-term deployment was developed at the OBS Lab of the Gibilmanna Observatory (Sicily). The drawing of the instrument started in January 2005 and, after 18 months, the prototype was ready for test in laboratory, in shallow and deep water. Afterwards, the first OBS/H was tested during an oceanographic campaign on the Marsili submarine volcano, from the 10th to the 21st of July 2006.More than 1000 events of several kinds were recorded: 817 VTB (Volcano Tectonic events, B-type), 159 HF (High Frequency events), 53 SDE (Short Duration Event), 8 regional events localized by INGV land network, 10 not localized events, 1 teleseismic event an 2 rockfall events. The INGV OBS/H are equipped with: - Nanometrics Trillium 120p seismometers (theoretical flat response between 120s and 175 Hz) installed in a 17 inches glass sphere on a Nautilus gimbal for the leveling or Guralp CMG40T-OBS (flat response between 60s and 100 Hz); - Cox-Webb Differential Pressure Gauge (bandwidth 500s-2Hz) or OAS E-2PD hydrophone (0-5kHz); - 21 bits, 4 channels SEND Geolon-MLS digitizer with sampling frequency up to 200 Hz.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: open
    Keywords: OBS OBS/H Marsili Ocean Bottom Seismometer ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the period 2-6 April 2007 a seismic survey was carried out at Solfatara Volcano, with the aim of inferring the shallow structure and evaluating local site effects. Seismic noise was recorded by five circular seismic arrays deployed in different areas of the crater. The geometry was designed in order to obtain also a sub-configuration consisting of two profiles oriented in the NS and E-W directions. An other seismic station was installed on the eastern rim of the crater, for a hardrock reference. A preliminary spectral analysis was performed on some samples of seismic noise recorded during the experiment. As future development, surface wave dispersion will be obtained by using array techniques, such as the Spatial Autocorrelation method (SPAC) of Aki (1957) and its recent modifications (MSPAC, Bettig et al, 2001; CCA, Cho et al., 2004). The shear-wave velocity models will be inferred for each array from the inversion of the dispersion curves. Moreover experimental site transfer functions will be evaluated for each station, using both Nakamura’s technique and the reference-site spectral ratio method. The high density of the deployment and the large number of the sampled sites will allow to obtain a detailed shallow velocity structure and to map resonance frequencies and amplification values in different areas of the crater.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-22
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Solfatara ; velocity model ; site effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The terrestrial 3D Laser Scanning technique has been applied to analyse the surface roughness of pyroclastic deposits on volcanic surfaces at Mt. Etna. This technique allowed the construction of high accuracy digital elevation models of small surfaces, about 1 m across. Sampled surfaces differ for percentage of coverage and for grain size of the pyroclastic deposits. The change in grain size distribution for the pyroclastic unconsolidated deposits affects the surface roughness. The roughness of the site where the finest pyroclastic deposits occur is mainly governed by large scale wavelength morphology (Hurst exponent H = 0.77 for lengths larger than 16 mm). The other sampled surfaces have self-affine characters with low (0.15) to intermediate (0.35 - 0.38) Hurst exponents for lengths higher than 10 – 22 mm. Here we show results of the analysis of the surface roughness of the pyroclastic deposits emplaced during the 2001 and 2002-2003 eruptions at Mt. Etna. Grain size and thickness of pyroclastic deposits mainly control the overall roughness of such as volcanic surface.
    Description: Published
    Description: 813-822
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: surface roughness ; pyroclastic deposits ; Laser 3D ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Several Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) surveys have been carried out to study the subsurface structural and sedimentary settings of the upper Ufita River valley, and to evaluate their efficiency to distinguish the geological boundary between shallow Quaternary sedimentary deposits and clayey bedrock characterized by moderate resistivity contrast. Five shallow ERTs were carried out across a morphological scarp running at the foot of the northeastern slope of the valley. This valley shoulder is characterized by a set of triangular facets, that some authors associated to the presence of a SW-dipping normal fault. The geological studies allow us to interpret the shallow ERTs results obtaining a resistivity range for each Quaternary sedimentary deposit. The tomographies showed the geometrical relationships of alluvial and slope deposits, having a maximum thickness of 30-40 m, and the morphology of the bedrock. The resistivity range obtained for each sedimentary body has been used for calibrating the tomographic results of one 3560m-long deep ERT carried out across the deeper part of the intramountain depression with an investigation depth of about 170 m. The deep resistivity result highlighted the complex alluvial setting, characterized by alternating fine grained lacustrine deposits and coarser gravelly fluvial sediments.
    Description: This work was partially funded by INGV-DPC grant to P. Burrato and A. Siniscalchi (Project S2, Research Units 2.4 and 2.16, respectively).
    Description: Published
    Description: 213-223
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: shallow ERT ; deep ERT ; Ufita River valley ; southern Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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