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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases  (17)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous
  • AGU  (15)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (3)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1
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    A novel approach to estimate the eruptive potential and probability in open conduit volcanoes (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In open conduit volcanoes, volatile-rich magma continuously enters into the feeding system nevertheless the eruptive activity occurs intermittently. From a practical perspective, the continuous steady input of magma in the feeding system is not able to produce eruptive events alone, but rather surplus of magma inputs are required to trigger the eruptive activity. The greater the amount of surplus of magma within the feeding system, the higher is the eruptive probability.Despite this observation, eruptive potential evaluations are commonly based on the regular magma supply, and in eruptive probability evaluations, generally any magma input has the same weight. Conversely, herein we present a novel approach based on the quantification of surplus of magma progressively intruded in the feeding system. To quantify the surplus of magma, we suggest to process temporal series of measurable parameters linked to the magma supply. We successfully performed a practical application on Mt Etna using the soil CO2 flux recorded over ten years.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 30471
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): eruptive potential ; eruptive probability ; open conduit volcanoes ; Etna ; Soil CO2 flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Hydrogen in the gas plume of an open‐vent volcano, Mount Etna, Italy (2011)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report here on the first hydrogen determinations in the volcanic gas plume of Mount Etna, in Italy, which we obtained during periodic field surveys on the volcano’s summit area with an upgraded MultiGAS. Using a specific (EZT3HYT) electrochemical sensor, we resolved H2 concentrations in the plume of 1–3 ppm above ambient (background) atmosphere and derived H2‐SO2 and H2‐H2O plume molar ratios of 0.002–0.044 (mean 0.013) and 0.0001–0.0042 (mean 0.0018), respectively. Taking the above H2‐SO2 ratios in combination with a time‐averaged SO2 flux of 1600 Gg yr−1, we evaluate that Etna contributes a time‐averaged H2 flux of ∼0.65 Gg yr−1, suggesting that the volcanogenic contribution to the global atmospheric H2 budget (70,000–100,000 Gg yr−1) is marginal. We also use our observed H2‐H2O ratios to propose that Etna’s passive plume composition is (at least partially) representative of a quenched (temperatures between 750°C and 950°C) equilibrium in the gas‐magma system, at redox conditions close to the nickel‐nickel oxide (NNO) mineral buffer. The positive dependence between H2‐SO2, H2‐H2O, and CO2‐SO2 ratios suggests that H2 is likely supplied (at least in part) by deeply rising CO2‐rich gas bubbles, fluxing through a CO2‐depleted shallow conduit magma.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B10204
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrogen ; Mount Etna ; Open-vent volcano ; plume ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Unbekannt
    Diffuse hydrothermal methane output and evidence of methanotrophic activity within the soils at Sousaki (Greece) (2011)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Methane soil flux measurements have been made in 38 sites at the geothermal system of Sousaki (Greece) with the closed chamber method. Fluxes range from –47.6 to 29,150 mg m-2 d-1 and the diffuse CH4 output of the system has been estimated at 19 t a-1. Contemporaneous CO2 flux measurements showed a moderate positive correlation between CO2 and CH4 fluxes. Comparison of the CO2/CH4 soil flux ratios with the CO2/CH4 ratio of the gases of the main gas manifestations provided evidence for methanotrophic activity within the soil. Laboratory CH4 consumption experiments confirmed the presence of methanotrophic microorganisms in soil samples collected at Sousaki. Consumption was generally in the range from –4.9 to –38.9 pmolCH4 h-1 g-1 but could sometimes reach extremely high values (–33,000 pmolCH4 h-1 g-1.). These results are consistent with recent studies on other geothermal systems that revealed the existence of thermoacidophilic bacteria exerting methanotrophic activity in hot, acid soils, thereby reducing methane emissions to the atmosphere.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 97–107
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Sousaki ; accumulation chamber ; soil degassing ; hydrothermal systems ; methane output ; methanotrophic activity ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    EPcrust : A reference crustal model for the European plate (2011)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present a new crustal model for the European plate, derived from collection and critical integration of information selected from the literature. The model covers the whole European plate from North Africa to the North Pole (20N - 90N) and from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the Urals (40W - 70E). The chosen parameterization represents the crust in three layers (sediments, upper crust and lower crust), and describes the 3D geometry of the interfaces and seismologically-relevant parameters — isotropic P- and S-wave velocity, plus density — with a resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 degrees on a geographical latitude-longitude grid. We selected global and local models, derived from geological assumptions, active seismic experiments, surface-wave studies, noise correlation, receiver functions. Model EPcrust presents significant advantages with respect to previous models: it covers the whole European plate; it is a complete and internally-consistent model (with all the parameters provided, also for the sedimentary layer); it is reproducible; it is easy to update in the future by adding new contributions; and it is available in a convenient digital format. EPcrust could be used to account for crustal structure in seismic wave propagation modeling at continental scale or to compute linearized crustal corrections in continental-scale seismic tomography, gravity studies, dynamic topography and other applications that require a reliable crustal structure. Because of its resolution, our model is not suited for local-scale studies, such as the computation of earthquake scenarios, where more detailed knowledge of the structure is required. We plan to update the model as new data will become available, and possibly improve its resolution for selected areas in the future.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 352-364
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Europe ; crust ; crustal properties ; Moho ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Excess volatiles supplied by mingling of mafic magma at an andesite arc volcano (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-07
    Beschreibung: We present the results of a study of volcanic gases at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, which includes the first spectroscopic measurements of the major gas species CO2 and H2S at this volcano using a Multisensor Gas Analyzer System (MultiGAS) sensor. The fluxes of CO2 and H2S were 640–2750 t/d and 84–266 t/d, respectively, during July 2008, during a prolonged eruptive pause. The flux of CO2 is similar to estimates for the entire arc from previous geochemical studies, while the measured H2S flux significantly alters our interpretation of the sulphur budget for this volcano. The fluxes of both sulphur and carbon show considerable excesses over that which can be supplied by degassing of erupted magma. We demonstrate, using thermodynamic models and published constraints on preeruptive volatile concentrations, that the gas composition and fluxes are best modeled by mixing between (1) gases derived from isobaric quenching of mafic magma against cooler andesite magma at depth and (2) gases derived from shallower rhyolitic interstitial melt within the porpyritic andesite. The escape of deep‐derived gases requires pervasive permeability or vapor advection extending to several kilometers depth in the conduit and magma storage system. These results provide more compelling evidence for both the contribution of unerupted mafic magma to the volatile budget of this andesitic arc volcano and the importance of the intruding mafic magma in sustaining the eruption. From a broader perspective, this study illustrates the importance and role of underplating mafic magmas in arc settings. These magmas play an important role in triggering and sustaining eruptions and contribute in a highly significant way to the volatile budget of arc volcanoes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Q04005
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): magma degassing ; thermodynamics ; volcanic gases ; Soufriere Hills ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Unusually large magmatic CO2 gas emissions prior to a basaltic paroxysm (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2010) American Geophysical Union.
    Beschreibung: The low‐intensity activity of basaltic volcanoes is occasionally interrupted by short‐lived but energetic explosions which, whilst frequently observed, are amongst the most enigmatic volcanic events in Nature. The combination of poorly understood and deep, challenging to measure, source processes make such events currently impossible to forecast. Here we report increases in quiescent degassing CO2 emissions (〉10,000 t/day) prior to a powerful explosive event on Stromboli volcano on 15 March 2007. We interpret such large CO2 flux as being sourced by passive gas leakage from a deeply (〉4 km) stored magma, whose depressurization, possibly caused by the onset of an effusive eruption on 28 February 2007, was the explosion trigger. Our observations suggest that continuous CO2 flux monitoring may allow anomalously large explosions to be accurately forecast at basaltic volcanoes.
    Beschreibung: Funding from INGV‐DPC project Paroxysm
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L17303
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): CO2, UV scanner, Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    CO2 degassing system of Stromboli volcano inferred by summit, peripheral and hydrothermal continuous measurements. (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Stromboli is an open conduct volcano characterized by “Strombolian” activity. This activity is the result of a “delicate” dynamic equilibrium between continuous refilling of deep volatiles exsolved from the magma batch and superficial degassing. The volatiles, reaching the surface, interact with superficial fluids modifying peripheral and summit degassing processes. In particular, the main peripheral manifestations are represented by dissolved volatiles in the basal hydrothermal aquifer, as well as structurally controlled soil degassing at the lower parts of the volcanic edifice. Summit degassing is manifested by active (explosions from the conduct) and passive degassing (plume degassing from the conduct and diffuse soil degassing). During “normal” Strombolian activity this dynamic equilibrium allows the discharge of the volatiles in the atmosphere arriving from the depth. When the deep volatile flux increases, we observe that the system reacts by first increasing the diffuse volatile discharge from the superficial system. In fact, the result is the increase of Strombolian activity (frequency and energy of explosions due to the increase of the total volatiles pressure) and the increase of the total dissolved volatiles in the hydrothermal aquifer and soils anomalous flux. During overpressure of the plumbing system paroxistic activity is necessary to maintain the dynamic pressure equilibrium, allows to maintain the dynamic equilibrium between deep and superficial volatiles. In fact, through the opening of new fractures and consecutive lava flow or by major explosions and paroxysms the system decreases the total pressure of volatiles and restores the dynamic equilibrium of the Stromboli plumbing system. On the basis of the experiences acquired during the last two eruptions (2002-2003 and 2007) we improved our geochemical monitoring network by installing new equipments for monitoring, continuously, selected fluid manifestations located on the peripheral areas. In particular, we installed two automatic equipments for measuring dissolved CO2 in the thermal wells located in the N-E side of Stromboli (Stromboli village). In this way we covered wider area of fluid degassing of Stromboli volcano to better understand the relationships between the degassing regimes of the summit and basal hydrothermal systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: San Francisco CA, USA
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): CO2 flux ; Volcano monitoring ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Poster session
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  • 8
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    Volcanic sulphur dioxide fluxes from Etna, Vulcano and Stromboli measured with an automated scanning ultraviolet spectrometer (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-07
    Beschreibung: Stromboli made in July 2002 from fixed positions, using an automated plume scanning technique. Spectral data were collected using a miniature ultraviolet spectrometer, and SO2 column amounts were derived with a differential optical absorption spectroscopy evaluation routine. Scanning through the plume was enabled by a 45 turning mirror affixed to the shaft of a computer controlled stepper motor, so that scattered skylight from incremental angles within the horizon-to-horizon scans was reflected into the field of view of the spectrometer. Each scan lasted _5 min and, by combining these data with wind speeds, average fluxes of 940, 14, and 280 Mg d_1 were obtained for Etna, Vulcano, and Stromboli, respectively. For comparative purposes, conventional road and airborne traverses were also made using this spectrometer, yielding fluxes of 850, 17, and 210 Mg d_1. The automated scanning technique has the advantage of obviating the need for time-consuming traverses underneath the plume and is well suited for longer-term telemetered deployments to provide sustained high time resolution flux data.
    Beschreibung: Gruppo Nazionale per Vulcanolgia (GNV), the EC 5th Framework project ‘‘MULTIMO’’, and NERC grant GR9/04655
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2455
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): volcanic gas monitoring, remote sensing, SO2 emissions, DOAS,ultraviolet spectroscopy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    Constraints on mantle source and interactions from He-Sr isotope variation in Italian Plio-Quaternary volcanism (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Helium isotope ratios of olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts from Plio-Quaternary volcanic rocks from southern Italy (seven Aeolian Islands, Mt. Vulture, Etna, Ustica, and Pantelleria) range from 2.3 to 7.1 Ra. Importantly, the phenocryst 3He/4He correlate well with whole rock Sr isotopic composition (0.70309– 0.70711), reflecting the mixing of two sources. A significant contribution of He from crustal contamination is recorded only occasionally (e.g., pyroxenes from Vulcano). When merged with data from the Roman Comagmatic Province, a remarkably strong near-linear He-Sr isotope correlation is apparent. The general northward decrease in 3He/4He corresponds to an increase in 87Sr/86Sr (and a decrease in 143Nd/144Nd and 206Pb/204Pb) that is due to increasing metasomatic enrichment of the mantle wedge via subduction of the Ionian-Adriatic plate. Calculations based on the ingrowth of 4He in the wedge and on the 4He content of the subducting crust show that mechanisms of enrichment in radiogenic He are effective only if the wedge is strongly depleted in He relative to best estimates of the depleted mantle. This can be accommodated if the process of metasomatism by the subduction fluids depletes the mantle wedge. The 3He/4He of Pantelleria, Etna, Iblei, Ustica, Alicudi, and Filicudi basalts (7.0 ± 0.6 Ra) define the mantle composition least affected by subduction-related metasomatism. Although these volcanoes are from a variety of tectonic regimes (subduction-related, intraplate, rifting), their similarities suggest a common origin of geochemical features. Their characteristics are consistent with a HIMU-type mantle that either is younger than the Cook- Austral island end-member or has a lower 238U/204Pb.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Q02001
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): helium ; strontium ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    Geochemical evidence of the renewal of volcanic activity: the 2007 Stromboli (Italy) eruption (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Geochemical surveillance has been carried out at Stromboli since 1999 using discrete and continuous monitoring of thermal waters and soil degassing. On 27 February 2007 a new eruption began which lasted until 2 April; it was characterized by effusive activity on the Sciara del Fuoco and also by a paroxistic event (15 March). This crisis represented an opportunity to refine the model developed previously and to improve our understanding of the relationship between the magmatic dynamics of the volcano and geochemical variations. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the level of criticality of the volcanic activity. The SO2 fluxes of the degassing plume and the CO2 fluxes emitted from the soil at Pizzo Sopra la Fossa are herein presented. Furthermore, we propose a refined geochemical model of fluids circulation, including plume and summit fumarolic soil degassing. Noteworthy geochemical signals of volcanic unrest were also clearly identified (before, during and after the effusive activity) in the degassing plume as well as in the degassing from the soil at the summit.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: San Francisco, CA,USA
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): CO2 flux ; Stromboli volcano ; SO2 Flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Total volatile flux from Mount Etna (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Total Volatile (TV) flux from Mount Etna volcano has been characterised for the first time, by summing the simultaneously-evaluated fluxes of the three main volcanogenic volatiles: H2O, CO2 and SO2.SO2 flux was determined by routine DOAS traverse measurements, while H2O and CO2 were evaluated by scaling MultiGAS-sensed H2O/SO2 and CO2/SO2 plume ratios to the UV-sensed SO2 flux. The time-averaged TV flux from Etna is evaluated at ~21,000 t∙day-1, with a large fraction accounted for by H2O(~13,000 t∙day-1). H2O dominates (≥70%) the volatile budget during syn-eruptive degassing, while CO2 and H2O contribute equally to the TV flux during passive degassing. The CO2 flux was observed to be particularly high prior to the 2006 eruption, suggesting that this parameter is a good candidate for eruption prediction at basaltic volcanoes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L24302
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Active volcanoes ; Volcanic monitoring ; Gas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Geochemical variations of air-free crater fumaroles at Mt Etna: New inferences for forecasting shallow volcanic activity (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We investigated the gas geochemistry of fumaroles close to the Voragine crater of Mt Etna that have a temperature of 90–95 C, are CO2-dominated, and have an air content as low as 〈1%. This is the first report of the monitoring of such air-free fumaroles at the Etnean crater area—previous studies indicated an air contribution of 70% or more. The helium and carbon isotopes (Rc/Ra = 6.5 ± 0.4, d13CCO2 = 1.7 ± 0.5%) suggest that the released gas is directly related to the magmatic degassing. The fumaroles were sampled 12 times between June 2007 and June 2008, which revealed an increase in Rc/Ra from 6.1 to 6.9 that can be related to the increasing volcanic activity at the summit area of Mt Etna. These fumaroles offer a new tool for detecting magmatic processes (magma ascent, refilling, degassing, etc.), and will be useful for volcano surveillance.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L21302
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): helium ; isotope ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Mercury and halogen emissions from Masaya and Telica volcanoes, Nicaragua (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report measurements of Hg, SO2, and halogens (HCl, HBr, HI) in volcanic gases from Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, and gaseous SO2 and halogens from Telica volcano, Nicaragua. Mercury measurements were made with a Lumex 915+ portable mercury vapor analyzer and gold traps, while halogens, CO2 and S species were monitored with a portable multi gas sensor and filter packs. Lumex Hg concentrations in the plume were consistently above background and ranged up to 350 ng/m3. Hg/SO2 mass ratios measured with the real-time instruments ranged from 1.1*10-7 to 3.5*10-5 (mean 2*10-5). Total gaseous mercury TGM)concentrations measured by gold trap ranged from 100 to 225 ng/m3. Reactive gaseous mercury accounted for 1% of TGM, while particulate mercury was 5% of the TGM. Field measurements of Masaya’s SO2 flux, combined with the Hg/SO2 ratio, indicate a Hg flux from Masaya of 7.2 Mg/a-1. At Masaya’s low temperature fumaroles, Hg/CO2 mass ratios were consistently around 2*10-8, lower than observed in the main vent (Hg/CO2 10-7). Low-temperature fumarole Hg fluxes from Masaya are insignificant (150 g a-1). Ratios of S, C and halogen species were also measured at Masaya and Telica volcanoes. CO2/SO2 ratios at Masaya ranged from 2.8 to 3.9, comparable to previously published values. At Masaya molar Br/SO2 was 3*10-4 and I/SO2 was 2*10-5, suggesting fluxes of 0.2–0.5 Mg HBr d-1 and 0.02–0.05 Mg HI d-1. At Telica the Br/SO2 ratio was also 3*10-4 and the I/SO2 ratio was 5.8*10-5, with corresponding fluxes of 0.2 Mg HBr d-1 and 0.06 Mg HI d-1. Gases at both volcanoes are enriched in I relative to Br and Cl, compared to gases from volcanoes elsewhere.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded by NERC grant NE/ C511180/1/.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B06203
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Mercury ; Halogen ; Volcanic emissions ; Masaya volcano ; Telica volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 14
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    Multiple hydro-fracturing by boron-rich fluids in the Late Miocene contact aureole of eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy), a shallow crustal level felsic, tourmaline-bearing, dyke-sill swarm of Late Miocene age is associated with abundant tourmaline-quartz hydrothermal veins and metasomatic masses. Development of these veins and masses in the host rocks demonstrates multiple hydro-fracturing by magmatic, boron-rich saline fluid. Tourmalines in felsic dykes are schorl, whereas in veins and metasomatic masses, tourmaline composition ranges from schorl-dravite through dravite to uvite. This compositional shift is evidence for an increasing contribution to the magmatic boron-rich fluids by a Mg-Ca-Ti-rich external component represented by biotite-rich and amphibolite host rocks. This system can be envisaged as an exposed proxy of the high temperature hydrothermal system presently active in the deepest part of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Tuscany).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 318-326
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Hydro-fractures ; geothermal systems ; Magmatism ; southern Tuscany ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 15
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    Effects of a volcanic plume on thermal imaging data (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Ground-based thermal imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool for volcano surveillance, however the impact of volcanic plumes on quantitative measurements of surface temperature has not been previously evaluated. Here we use a radiative transfer model to simulate gas (primarily H2O and SO2) and aerosol absorptions over the path between a thermal camera and a heat source on Stromboli volcano, Italy. A FTIR spectrometer was used to quantify path amounts of gases likely to be encountered when making thermal measurements of the active craters. We find that when using a camera sensitive from 7.5 to 13 mm, underestimates of 400 K may be produced when viewing a source with an actual temperature of 1200 K. Cameras that operate between 3 and 5 mm are somewhat less susceptible to these errors.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L14311
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 16
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    Continuous soil radon monitoring during the July 2006 Etna eruption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Continuous soil radon monitoring was carried out near the Southeast Crater (SEC) of Mt. Etna during the 10-day July 2006 Strombolian-effusive eruption. This signal was compared with simultaneously acquired volcanic tremor and thermal radiance data. The onset of explosive activity and a lava fountaining episode were preceded by some hours with increases in radon soil emission by 4–5 orders of magnitude, which we interpret as precursors. Minor changes in eruptive behavior did not produce significant variations in the monitored parameters. The remarkably high radon concentrations we observed are unprecedented in the literature. We interpret peaks in radon activity as due primarily to microfracturing of uranium-bearing rock. These observations suggest that radon measurements in the summit area of Etna are strongly controlled by the state of stress within the volcano and demonstrate the usefulness of radon data acquisition before and during eruptions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L24316
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 17
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    The SO2 camera: A simple, fast and cheap method for ground-based imaging of SO2 in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: SO2 flux is widely monitored on active volcanoes as it gives a window into the hidden, subsurface magma dynamics. We present here a new approach to SO2 flux monitoring using ultraviolet imaging of the volcanic plume through carefully chosen filters to produce images of SO2 column amount. The SO2 camera heralds a breakthrough in both our ability to measure SO2 flux at unprecedented frequencies (2 Hz) and at unprecedented accuracy, thanks to the application of correlation techniques to determine wind speed directly from the images and the ability to measure the whole profile simultaneously. In this paper we detail the commercially available pieces required to construct the SO2 camera, introduce a retrieval scheme to determine SO2 amounts from the images and present results from a field campaign in November 2005 on Sakurajima volcano, Japan.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L24804
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 213198 bytes
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  • 18
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    Measurements of 220Rn, 222Rn and CO2 emissions in soil and fumarole gases on Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): implications for gas transport and shallow ground fracture. (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Measurements of 220Rn and 222Rn activity and of CO2 flux in soil and fumaroles were carried out on Mount Etna volcano in 2005–2006, both in its summit area and along active faults on its flanks. We observe an empirical relationship between (220Rn/222Rn) and CO2 efflux. The higher the flux of CO2, the lower the ratio between 220Rn and 222Rn. Deep sources of gas are characterized by high 222Rn activity and high CO2 efflux, whereas shallow sources are indicated by high 220Rn activity and relatively low CO2 efflux. Excess 220Rn highlights sites of ongoing shallow rock fracturing that could be affected by collapse, as in the case of the rim of an active vent. Depletion both in 220Rn and in CO2 seems to be representative of residual degassing along recently active eruptive vents.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Q10001
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): radon ; thoron ; carbon dioxide ; rock stress ; gas transport ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 19
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    Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-19
    Beschreibung: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: D06311
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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