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  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • 2005-2009  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (5.963)
  • 1970-1974  (4.538)
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  • 1
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    Evaluating support for the current classification of eukaryotic diversity (2007)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © 2006 Parfrey et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The definitive version was published in PLoS Genetics 2 (2006): e220, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020220.
    Beschreibung: Perspectives on the classification of eukaryotic diversity have changed rapidly in recent years, as the four eukaryotic groups within the five-kingdom classification—plants, animals, fungi, and protists—have been transformed through numerous permutations into the current system of six ‘‘supergroups.’’ The intent of the supergroup classification system is to unite microbial and macroscopic eukaryotes based on phylogenetic inference. This supergroup approach is increasing in popularity in the literature and is appearing in introductory biology textbooks. We evaluate the stability and support for the current six-supergroup classification of eukaryotes based on molecular genealogies. We assess three aspects of each supergroup: (1) the stability of its taxonomy, (2) the support for monophyly (single evolutionary origin) in molecular analyses targeting a supergroup, and (3) the support for monophyly when a supergroup is included as an out-group in phylogenetic studies targeting other taxa. Our analysis demonstrates that supergroup taxonomies are unstable and that support for groups varies tremendously, indicating that the current classification scheme of eukaryotes is likely premature. We highlight several trends contributing to the instability and discuss the requirements for establishing robust clades within the eukaryotic tree of life.
    Beschreibung: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation Assembling the Tree of Life grant (043115) to DB, DJP, and LAK.
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  • 2
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    The genome of deep-sea vent chemolithoautotroph Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2 (2007)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain dedication. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 4 (2006): e383, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040383.
    Beschreibung: Presented here is the complete genome sequence of Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2, representative of ubiquitous chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This gammaproteobacterium has a single chromosome (2,427,734 base pairs), and its genome illustrates many of the adaptations that have enabled it to thrive at vents globally. It has 14 methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein genes, including four that may assist in positioning it in the redoxcline. A relative abundance of coding sequences (CDSs) encoding regulatory proteins likely control the expression of genes encoding carboxysomes, multiple dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate transporters, as well as a phosphonate operon, which provide this species with a variety of options for acquiring these substrates from the environment. Thiom. crunogena XCL-2 is unusual among obligate sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in relying on the Sox system for the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds. The genome has characteristics consistent with an obligately chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle, including few transporters predicted to have organic allocrits, and Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle CDSs scattered throughout the genome.
    Beschreibung: This work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, under contract W-7405-ENG-48. Genome closure was funded in part by a University of South Florida Innovative Teaching Grant (to KMS). KMS, SKF, and CAK gratefully acknowledge support from the United States Department of Agriculture Higher Education Challenge Grants Program (Award # 20053841115876). SMS kindly acknowledges support through a fellowship received from the Hanse Wissenschaftskolleg in Delmenhorst, Germany (http://www.h-w-k.de). MH was supported by a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution postdoctoral scholarship.
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  • 3
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    Karta sovremennoj geodinamika Azii (2007)
    Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
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    Signatur: K 08.0362 / Fach 29
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    Seiten: 1 Kt. : mehrfarb. 77 x 69 cm, gefaltet 21 x 30 cm
    Sprache: Russisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 4
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    The tripartite associations between bacteriophage, Wolbachia, and arthropods (2006)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © 2006 Bordenstein et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The definitive version was published in PLoS Pathogens 2(2006): e43, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020043.
    Beschreibung: By manipulating arthropod reproduction worldwide, the heritable endosymbiont Wolbachia has spread to pandemic levels. Little is known about the microbial basis of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) except that bacterial densities and percentages of infected sperm cysts associate with incompatibility strength. The recent discovery of a temperate bacteriophage (WO-B) of Wolbachia containing ankyrin-encoding genes and virulence factors has led to intensifying debate that bacteriophage WO-B induces CI. However, current hypotheses have not considered the separate roles that lytic and lysogenic phage might have on bacterial fitness and phenotype. Here we describe a set of quantitative approaches to characterize phage densities and its associations with bacterial densities and CI. We enumerated genome copy number of phage WO-B and Wolbachia and CI penetrance in supergroup A- and B-infected males of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. We report several findings: (1) variability in CI strength for A-infected males is positively associated with bacterial densities, as expected under the bacterial density model of CI, (2) phage and bacterial densities have a significant inverse association, as expected for an active lytic infection, and (3) CI strength and phage densities are inversely related in A-infected males; similarly, males expressing incomplete CI have significantly higher phage densities than males expressing complete CI. Ultrastructural analyses indicate that approximately 12% of the A Wolbachia have phage particles, and aggregations of these particles can putatively occur outside the Wolbachia cell. Physical interactions were observed between approximately 16% of the Wolbachia cells and spermatid tails. The results support a low to moderate frequency of lytic development in Wolbachia and an overall negative density relationship between bacteriophage and Wolbachia. The findings motivate a novel phage density model of CI in which lytic phage repress Wolbachia densities and therefore reproductive parasitism. We conclude that phage, Wolbachia, and arthropods form a tripartite symbiotic association in which all three are integral to understanding the biology of this widespread endosymbiosis. Clarifying the roles of lytic and lysogenic phage development in Wolbachia biology will effectively structure inquiries into this research topic.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported by grants from the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA04CC04A) and National Institutes of Health (R01 GM62626-01) to JJW, and by the Marine Biological Laboratory's Program in Global Infectious Diseases, funded by the Ellison Medical Foundation, to SRB.
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  • 5
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    Karte der Erdbebenzonen und geologischen Untergrundklassen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen ; Karte zu DIN 4149 1:350 000 (2006)
    Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
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    Signatur: K 06.0479 / Fach 26
    Materialart: Karte ausleihbar
    Seiten: 1 Kt. , mehrfarb. ; 54 x 54 cm, gefaltet
    Ausgabe: Bearbeitungstand: Juni 2006
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
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  • 6
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    Three Prochlorococcus cyanophage genomes : signature features and ecological interpretations (2005)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © 2005 Sullivan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 3 (2005): e144, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030144.
    Beschreibung: The oceanic cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus are globally important, ecologically diverse primary producers. It is thought that their viruses (phages) mediate population sizes and affect the evolutionary trajectories of their hosts. Here we present an analysis of genomes from three Prochlorococcus phages: a podovirus and two myoviruses. The morphology, overall genome features, and gene content of these phages suggest that they are quite similar to T7-like (P-SSP7) and T4-like (P-SSM2 and P-SSM4) phages. Using the existing phage taxonomic framework as a guideline, we examined genome sequences to establish ‘‘core’’ genes for each phage group. We found the podovirus contained 15 of 26 core T7-like genes and the two myoviruses contained 43 and 42 of 75 core T4-like genes. In addition to these core genes, each genome contains a significant number of ‘‘cyanobacterial’’ genes, i.e., genes with significant best BLAST hits to genes found in cyanobacteria. Some of these, we speculate, represent ‘‘signature’’ cyanophage genes. For example, all three phage genomes contain photosynthetic genes (psbA, hliP) that are thought to help maintain host photosynthetic activity during infection, as well as an aldolase family gene (talC) that could facilitate alternative routes of carbon metabolism during infection. The podovirus genome also contains an integrase gene (int) and other features that suggest it is capable of integrating into its host. If indeed it is, this would be unprecedented among cultured T7-like phages or marine cyanophages and would have significant evolutionary and ecological implications for phage and host. Further, both myoviruses contain phosphate-inducible genes (phoH and pstS) that are likely to be important for phage and host responses to phosphate stress, a commonly limiting nutrient in marine systems. Thus, these marine cyanophages appear to be variations of two well-known phages—T7 and T4—but contain genes that, if functional, reflect adaptations for infection of photosynthetic hosts in low-nutrient oceanic environments.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by the US DOE under grant numbers DEFG02– 99ER62814 and DE-FG02–02ER63445, and the National Science Foundation under grant number OCE-9820035 (to SWC).
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanic cyanobacteria ; Prochlorococcus phages
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  • 7
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    Endosymbiosis : lessons in conflict resolution (2005)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © 2004 Jennifer J. Wernegreen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 2 (2004): e68, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020068.
    Beschreibung: Symbiosis, an interdependent relationship between two species, is an important driver of evolutionary novelty and ecological diversity. Microbial symbionts in particular have been major evolutionary catalysts throughout the 4 billion years of life on earth and have largely shaped the evolution of complex organisms. Endosymbiosis is a specifi c type of symbiosis in which one—typically microbial—partner lives within its host and represents the most intimate contact between interacting organisms. Mitochondria and chloroplasts, for example, result from endosymbiotic events of lasting significance that extended the range of acceptable habitats for life. The wide distribution of intracellular bacteria across diverse hosts and marine and terrestrial habitats testifies to the continued importance of endosymbiosis in evolution. Among multicellular organisms, insects as a group form exceptionally diverse associations with microbial associates, including bacteria that live exclusively within host cells and undergo maternal transmission to offspring. These microbes have piqued the interest of evolutionary biologists because they represent a wide spectrum of evolutionary strategies, ranging from obligate mutualism to reproductive parasitism (Buchner 1965; Ishikawa 2003) (Box 1; Table 1).
    Beschreibung: JJW gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Institutes of Health (R01 GM62626-01), the National Science Foundation (DEB 0089455), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute (NNA04CC04A), and the Josephine Bay Paul and C. Michael Paul Foundation.
    Schlagwort(e): Endosymbiosis ; Endosymbiosis manipulation
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  • 8
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    Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of Pleistocene horses in the New World : a molecular perspective (2005)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    In:  PLoS Biology, 3 (8). e241.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-10-12
    Beschreibung: The rich fossil record of horses has made them a classic example of evolutionary processes. However, while the overall picture of equid evolution is well known, the details are surprisingly poorly understood, especially for the later Pliocene and Pleistocene, c. 3 million to 0.01 million years (Ma) ago, and nowhere more so than in the Americas. There is no consensus on the number of equid species or even the number of lineages that existed in these continents. Likewise, the origin of the endemic South American genus Hippidion is unresolved, as is the phylogenetic position of the “stilt-legged” horses of North America. Using ancient DNA sequences, we show that, in contrast to current models based on morphology and a recent genetic study, Hippidion was phylogenetically close to the caballine (true) horses, with origins considerably more recent than the currently accepted date of c. 10 Ma. Furthermore, we show that stilt-legged horses, commonly regarded as Old World migrants related to the hemionid asses of Asia, were in fact an endemic North American lineage. Finally, our data suggest that there were fewer horse species in late Pleistocene North America than have been named on morphological grounds. Both caballine and stilt-legged lineages may each have comprised a single, wide-ranging species.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on rare-earth carboxylates. IV. Crystal chemical data on Ln(CH3Ch2CH2COO)3.2H2O, where Ln=Nd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Y (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 39-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The rare-earth n-butyrate dihydrates Ln(C4H7O2)3.2H2O (where Ln = Nd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Y) were synthesized and the structural parameters determined employing X-ray powder diffraction techniques. The salts are isomorphous and possess monoclinic symmetry with space group P21/m and contain four molecules per unit cell. Nd(CH3CH2CH2COO)3.2H2O: a = 12.69 (6), b = 14.34 (6), c = 10.31 (4) Å, β = 97.06 (36)°, V = 1862 Å3, Dm = 1.655, Dx = 1.575 Mg m−3; Tb(CH3CH2CH2COO)3.2H2O: a = 12.74 (2), b = 14.22 (4), c = 10.34 (3) Å, β = 98.02 (16)°, V = 1856 Å3, Dm = 1.666, Dx = 1.633 Mg m−3; Y(CH3CH2CH2COO)3.2H2O: a = 12.68 (2), b = 14.08 (4), c = 10.28 (2) Å, β = 98.57 (16)°, V = 1814 Å3, Dm = 1.423, Dx = 1.414 Mg m−3; Ho(CH3CH2CH2COO)3.2H2O: a = 12.62 (2), b = 14.00 (3), c = 10.22 (2) Å, β = 98.09 (13)°, V = 1789 Å3, Dm = 1.727, Dx = 1.716 Mg m−3; Er(CH3CH2CH2COO)3.2H2O: a = 12.60 (2), b = 14.02 (2), c = 10.19 (1) Å, β = 98.71 (13)°, V = 1780 Å3, Dm = 1.707, Dx = 1.733 Mg m−3; Tm(CH3CH2CH2COO)3.2H2O: a = 12.61 (2), b = 13.96 (2), c = 10.21 (2) Å, β = 98.30 (16)°, V = 1779 Å3, Dm = 1.714, Dx = 1.741 Mg m−3; Yb(CH3CH2CH2COO)3.2H2O: a = 12.64 (1), b = 13.92 (1), c = 10.19 (1) Å, β = 98.32 (10)°, V = 1773 Å3, Dm = 1.745, Dx = 1.762 Mg m−3. The JCPDS Diffraction File No. for Er(CH3CH2CH2COO)3.2H2O is 34-1991.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884010979
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An assessment of diamond turning for the production of silicon X-ray optical elements (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A number of high-perfection single-crystal silicon specimens have been diamond turned under various conditions. Surface roughness was assessed visually and with a Talysurf 5 machine and lattice perfection monitored by double-axis X-ray diffractometry. No significant variation in roughness was found with turning speed and the flatness was approximately 0.1 μm. An increase of integrated intensity and full width at half maximum of the X-ray rocking curve of up to a factor of nine was observed. Most of this damage was shown to be confined to within the first few micrometers from the surface. It is concluded that diamond turning is a viable technique for the fabrication of a range of intricately figured X-ray optical elements including mirrors and high-energy-resolution monochromators, and also medium-band-pass high-intensity-beam conditioners where only one Bragg reflection is used. It is also concluded that X-ray diffractometry is a powerful technique for the investigation of the material damage in advanced machining processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011080
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystals: growth, properties and applications. Vol. 7 and Vol. 8 edited by H. C. Freyhardt (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 123-123 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011158
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ROCKS system of computer programs for macromolecular crystallography (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 125-130 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The ROCKS system of computer programs is available to carry out most of the calculations involved in data acquisition and structure determination by the isomorphous replacement and molecular replacement methods. ROCKS is designed to be general, easy to use, reliable and efficient. It now includes facilities for precession and oscillation film scanning, data reduction, Wilson statistics, structure-factor calculations, isomorphous-replacement phasing, atomic parameter least-squares refinement, Fourier, Patterson and difference-Fourier calculations, contouring and peak searching, local scaling, Patterson superpositions, product and R-factor translational searches, phase combination and phase refinement by electron density modification. It is available at present in versions for IBM series 360 and 370 computers and for DEC VAX computers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011171
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of the spectral intensity distribution of the incident beam in energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometry (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 154-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The measurement of the spectral intensity distribution of the incident beam in energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometry has been examined by several methods. The spectral distribution estimated from the integrated intensity of a well defined reflection at several energies is the most reliable. Three direct measurements of the spectral distribution by a solid-state detector are also examined. Of these only the measurement at very low tube current can be used in structure factor determination, but the accuracy is about 5% even for strong reflections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011225
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Etude des profils des bandes de diffraction X d'une beidellite-Na hydratée à deux couches d'eau. Détermination du mode d'empilement des feuillets et des sites occupés par l'eau (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 179-188 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Intensities and shapes of the (02,11), (20,13) and (04, 22) diffraction bands are calculated for model structures and are fitted to the experimental patterns, in order to describe the structural characteristics of a two-water-layer Na-beidellite (Rupsroth, Bavaria, Germany). The determined features are: the average dimensions and size distributions of coherent domains, the coordinates of the crystallographically bound water molecules, the nature and abundance of stacking defects. The localization of the water sites and the determination of their occupancy rates are obtained using a general and powerful procedure which is described. For the stacking, a quantification of the influence, on the X-ray powder diagrams, of all crystallochemically possible modes given in the literature has been done. On the basis of such a quantification, it was possible to establish the layer succession law in the studied hydrated particles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011262
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for sodium heptahydrogenselenite, NaH7(SeO3)4 (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 211-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: NaH7(SeO3)4 crystallized under the conditions derived from the solubility diagram of the Na2SeO3–H2SeO3–H2O system at 298 K. The Weissenberg patterns showed systematic absences indicating the space group P21/c. The cell dimensions were refined by least squares from powder diffractometer data. a = 5.784(2), b = 4.938(2), c = 20.08(1) Å, β = 100.39 (3)°, V = 564.1(4) Å3, Z = 2, Dm = 3.173(3), Dx = 3.166 Mg m−3. Cu Kα radiation. The crystal structure is unknown. The JCPDS Diffraction File No. for NaH7(SeO3)4 is 34-1488.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011341
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of X-ray diffraction conditions for double-crystal topography (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 442-450 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In recent years, with the advent of nearly perfect crystals, double-crystal topography has become very useful. For applications with such crystals the diffraction geometry in the double-crystal arrangement in three dimensions should be taken into account. Detailed studies of this problem are presented in this paper. Formulas for calculating the image height and displacement as the crystal is rotated are reported for various conditions. In the equispacing case, the image height is not limited provided the sample crystal is untilted with respect to the first crystal. However, if the crystal is tilted even a small amount then the image is limited and depends not only on the tilt angle φ but also on the distance between the X-ray source and the crystal L and on the degree of crystal perfection β. In general, the tilt angle should not exceed 1′ to obtain a large-area topograph and to measure the correct rocking curve in the asymmetric mode. In the unequispacing case, the image height is always limited. In this case, even when the crystal is not tilted, the image height is a function of L, φ and the difference in Bragg angle, Δθ, between the diffraction planes of the two crystals. The image height is directly proportional to β and inversely related to Δθ. In this case, in order to obtain a large-area topograph of a nearly perfect crystal L must be large or Δθ must be small. The different experimental conditions are explored for various types of first and second crystals to verify the analytical formulas that have been derived. The experimental data were found to be in good agreement qualitatively and quantitatively with the analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011900
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The distinction of frame overlap and the cohesion of time-of-flight diffraction patterns collected at various scattering angles (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 464-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The possibility of combining time-of-flight powder neutron-diffraction patterns collected at different scattering angles is examined, with a view to increasing data-collection rates by the use of a large total solid angle and by including multiple frame overlaps. The basic design features of the required diffractometer are enumerated and a test experiment, using a spectrometer possessing basic characteristics pertinent to the proposed diffractometer, is used to evaluate these assertions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011948
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  • 18
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    Digitale Medien
    2Al4C3SiC: a new intermediate phase in the Al–Si–C system (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 481-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The new phase, as prepared from the high-purity elements, is stable between room temperature and 2270 K, but decomposes between 2270 and 2370 K. The crystal symmetry is hexagonal, with a0 = 3.3127(7), c0 = 19.242(4) Å, V = 182.9(1) Å3, Z = 1, Dx = 2.977(2) g cm−3, Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.540600 Å). The JCPDS Diffraction File No. for 2Al4C3.SiC is 35-1499.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011973
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  • 19
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    Digitale Medien
    Cylindrical film cassette for high-resolution protein crystallography (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 485-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884012012
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  • 20
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    Digitale Medien
    Revised crystal data for magnesium dichloride, MgCl2 (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 483-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A refinement of the cell parameters of MgCl2 has been achieved by powder X-ray diffraction. The diffraction pattern was obtained using a standard PW-1050 Philips diffractometer operating in the step-scan mode and equipped with a graphite monochromator and a Xe-filled proportional counter. Cu radiation with a wavelength of 1.54056 Å was used. The specimen was placed in an air-tight sample holder in an N2 atmosphere. An emission spectrographic analysis revealed a purity of 〉 99%, while the XRD pattern showed that only a small amount of Mg(OH)Cl was present. Unit-cell dimensions of a = 3.640(4) and c = 17.673(15) Å have been found with V = 234.2(7), Z = 3, Dx = 2.339 Mg m−3. These values are different from those found by Ferrari, Braibanti & Bigliardi [Acta Cryst. (1963). 16, 846] using a photographic method. The difference is probably due to the higher accuracy obtained for the present data with the diffractometer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011997
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  • 21
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    Digitale Medien
    Prices of Acta Crystallographica and Journal of Applied Crystallography (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 487-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884012048
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  • 22
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    Digitale Medien
    Single-peak methods for Fourier analysis of peak shapes (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 22-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Several procedures for Fourier analysis of single diffraction peaks for microstrains and mosaic sizes are compared. A simple new method works well, especially when the size distribution is broad, and/or when the strains vary in an unusual manner.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884010943
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  • 23
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    Digitale Medien
    A computer program for unique indexing of electron diffraction patterns (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A computer program for unambiguous and consistent indexing of a series of single-crystal diffraction patterns is discussed which allows determination of the unit triangle and therefore tilting of the specimen into any special orientation even if no Kikuchi patterns can be observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884010980
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  • 24
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    Digitale Medien
    The peak in neutron powder diffraction (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: For the application of Rietveld profile analysis to neutron powder diffraction data a precise knowledge of the peak profile, in both shape and position, is required. The method now in use employs a Gaussian-shaped profile with a semi-empirical asymmetry correction for low-angle peaks. The integrated intensity is taken to be proportional to the classical Lorentz factor calculated for the X-ray case. In this paper an exact expression is given for the peak profile based upon the geometrical dimensions of the diffractometer. It is shown that the asymmetry of observed peaks is well reproduced by this expression. The angular displacement of the experimental profile with respect to the nominal Bragg angle value is larger than expected. Values for the correction to the classical Lorentz factor for the integrated intensity are given. The exact peak profile expression has been incorporated into a Rietveld profile analysis refinement program.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011006
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  • 25
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    Digitale Medien
    Scaling and phase-difference determination in solvent contrast variation experiments (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In the solvent contrast variation technique, the structure factor is a linear function of contrast, and the intensity is therefore a parabolic function of contrast. A method has been developed which scales together data measured at different contrasts on different samples. Once the data are scaled, structure-factor amplitudes or intensities for any other contrast can be obtained by inter- (or extra-)polation. The magnitude of the relative phase change between contrast, an important piece of phasing information in single-crystal studies, can be determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011031
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  • 26
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    Digitale Medien
    X-ray study on the successive phase transition in cholesteryl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropionate (CTFP) (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 100-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: These studies on phase transition and crystal structure in a single-crystal of CTFP by X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 88 to 293 K show that CTFP undergoes successive phase transitions at about 123, 143 and 178 K and that the existence of another phase transition at about 168 K is possible. In the lowest-temperature phase, various commensurate and incommensurate structures were found. The appearance of the structure depends on storage duration at 293 K after undergoing the successive phase transitions. The original crystal, just crystallized from acetone solution, showed commensurate structure of which the modulation wave number, δ, is 0.20. The samples stored for a week and a month were both incommensurate. However, the crystals stored for two months were commensurate (δ = 0.20). Therefore, the storage duration of two months is a relaxation time long enough to recover the genuine structure. In the other temperature phases below 178 K, the crystals were all incommensurate. Consequently, the complicated structural change of CTFP crystals during storage is now well understood as a thermal relaxation phenomenon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011067
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  • 27
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    Digitale Medien
    A device for the easy centering of a Gandolfi X-ray diffraction camera (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 120-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011110
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  • 28
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    Digitale Medien
    Comparaison de precédures d'evaluation des distortions et de la taille des cristallites par analyse des raies de diffraction des rayons X (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A procedure based on successive convolution operations is developed and associated with the Warren–Averbach method. Applications to cold-worked lithium fluoride samples are presented. The microstrain results are compared with those obtained in the classical way including the use of the direct deconvolution method. It is shown experimentally that the difficulties involved in the deconvolution operation have no significant effect on the evaluation of microstrains by the classical X-ray line-profile analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011183
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  • 29
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    Digitale Medien
    Intensity of secondary scattering of X-rays by non-crystalline materials. Transmission gemoetry with an incident-beam monochromator (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 134-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Equations are derived for the intensity ratio R of secondary to primary scattering in the fixed-sample transmission case with an incident-beam monochromator crystal that results in a polarization ratio Km for unpolarized incident radiation. A table allows R to be calculated for Km = 0. This table, along with the one for Km = 1 published previously for the case without a monochromator, allows R to be estimated before an experiment is done and thus an optimum experiment can be designed. A simple computer program allows direct calculation of R once experimental data are obtained if it is desired to avoid interpolation. Determination of R involves some approximation, but the values obtained are sufficiently accurate for most purposes. However, R can be improved using exact equations, if desired. If synchrotron radiation polarized normal to the plane of scattering of the monochromator is used, R does not depend on Km, and the value of R for Km = 0 applies despite the true value of Km. As is expected from symmetry considerations, R is independent of Km in the small-angle scattering limit.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011195
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  • 30
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    Digitale Medien
    A new linear position-sensitive scintillation detector for neutron powder diffractometry (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A new linear position-sensitive scintillation detector has been developed and installed on a neutron powder diffractometer. The physical properties of this detector are described; test powder diffractograms are presented. The special advantages of this detector for neutron powder diffractometry are discussed: high detection efficiency also in the region of short wavelengths (75% for λ = 1.3 Å), good spatial resolution (FWHM = 2.5 mm), and high data-point density (Δ2θ = 0.02°). Special emphasis is placed on peak-profile analysis for the powder diffraction patterns. Examples for position and intensity separation of overlapping reflections are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011237
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  • 31
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    Digitale Medien
    The formation of double-polytype regions in ZnS crystals (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A 3 mm long double-polytype region was found in a ZnS needle. The region consists of a fine mixture of 47% of each of the polytypes 20L(5753) and 60R(5537)3 and about 6% of the polytype 60R(511553)3. The latter polytype is assumed to be the parent polytype transforming into the two others. It is the first time that traces of the parent polytype have been found in a double-polytype region. The formation mechanism of double-polytype regions is explained as a two-stage transformation process: expansion of grown-in stacking faults taking place at temperatures just below the hexagonal-to-cubic transition temperature, followed by a sudden formation and expansion of stacking faults at a lower temperature. It is suggested that a similar mechanism operates in the formation of single polytype regions and disordered ones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011249
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  • 32
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    Digitale Medien
    A proposal for a highly efficient double-crystal monochromator for thermal neutrons (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The optimum parameters and properties of a new type of neutron monochromator based on elastically bent silicon single crystals are theoretically evaluated. The use of a fully asymmetrical geometry permits the achievement of rocking-curve widths exceeding 20' in the incident beam. The associated effect of the reflected-beam widening is compensated for by the second crystal in the parallel (1,−1) setting in opposite geometry. Reflectivity calculations indicate that this double-crystal system might be compared with the best single-crystal mosaic monochromators. Besides the easy control of the effective mosaicity and the corresponding integrated reflectivity by variation of the bending radius, a further advantage of this system is its simultaneous action as a neutron filter improving the ratio of the thermal neutron signal to the background.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011274
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  • 33
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    Digitale Medien
    The reduction of radiation damage in protein crystals by polyethylene glycol (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 209-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A simple technique has been developed to lessen radiation damage of protein crystals grown from low-ionic strength solution. The technique consists of replacing the mother liquor with solutions containing 10–20% of polyethylene glycol 4000 or 20000.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011316
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  • 34
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for p-dichlorobenzene, p-dibromobenzene and their mixed crystals at 293 K (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 210-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The powder data at 293 K of p-dichlorobenzene (pDCB), C6H4Cl2, p-dibromobenzene (pDBB), C6H4Br2, and of their mixed crystals [pDCB]x [pDBB](1−x) are reported. Their thermal stability at 293 K is given. They are all isomorphous, monoclinic, P21/a with Z = 2. a = 14.792 (6), b = 5.839 (2), c = 4.036 (2) Å, β = 112.52 (4)°, V = 322.0 (5) Å3, Dx = 1.516 Mg m−3 for pDCB; a = 15.487 (2), b = 5.836 (2), c = 4.108 (1) Å, β = 112.74 (1), V = 342.5 (3) Å3, Dx = 2.289 Mg m−3 for pDBB; a = 14.893 (10), b = 5.837 (7), c = 4.046 (3) Å, β = 112.48 (5)°, V = 325.1 (9) Å3, Dx = 1.592 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.90[pDBB]0.10; a = 14.942 (5), b = 5.840 (2), c = 4.048 (1) Å, β = 112.53 (3)°, V = 326.3 (4) Å3, Dx = 1.677 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.80 [pDBB]0.20; a = 15.018 (4), b = 5.846 (1), c = 4.061 (1) Å, β = 112.50 (2)°, V = 329.4 (3) Å3, Dx = 1.751 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.70 [pDBB]0.30; a = 15.138 (11), b = 5.843 (3), c = 4.067 (3) Å3, β = 112.57 (8)°, V = 332.2 (8) Å3, Dx = 1.825 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.60 [pDBB]0.40; a = 15.247 (6), b = 5.842 (2), c = 4.081 (2) Å, β = 112.66 (5)°, V = 335.4 (5) Å3, Dx = 1.896 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.50 [pDBB]0.50; a = 15.300 (5), b = 5.838 (1), c = 4.081 (1) Å, β = 112.54 (4)°, V = 336.7 (3) Å3, Dx = 1.976 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.40 [pDBB]0.60; a = 15.373 (4), b = 5.842 (1), c = 4.094 (1) Å, β = 112.64 (3), V = 339.3 (3) Å3, Dx = 2.048 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.30 [pDBB]0.70; a = 15.410 (7), b = 5.838 (4), c = 4.098 (2) Å, β = 112.65 (3)°, V = 340.2 (6) Å3, Dx = 2.129 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.20 [pDBB]0.80; and a = 15.450 (3), b = 5.838 (1), c = 4.103 (1) Å, β = 112.69 (1)°, V = 341.4 (2) Å3, Dx = 2.208 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.10 [pDBB]0.90. The JCPDS Diffraction File Nos. are: 34-1987 for pDCB; 34-1985 for pDBB; 34-1986 for [pDCB]0.50 [pDBB]0.50.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011328
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  • 35
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    Digitale Medien
    A procedure for search/match analysis of X-ray powder diffraction patterns using compact data bases (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A microcomputer-based method has been developed for rapid search/match analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns from compound mixtures with user-assembled data bases for specific sample types, e.g. air pollutants, asbestiform minerals, mineral sands and coal ash. Accidental coincidences between stored and measured patterns are largely eliminated using status parameters which are assigned to each data base and measured line. Scaling factors determined for each of the identified compounds afford calculation of relative concentration values. The list of unassigned lines is presented for subsequent analysis with other compact data bases or using more complex search/match methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011353
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  • 36
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    Digitale Medien
    OMITMAP: An electron density map suitable for the examination of errors in a macromolecular model (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 244-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A single-stage computer procedure to calculate an electron density map suitable to detect errors in a tentative macromolecular model has been developed. In this procedure, an atom of the tentative model does not contribute to the phases used to calculate electron density values at or near its current position, that is within the region containing it and a neighborhood surrounding that region. In this way, the phases used to calculate electron density values within a region are not biased by the model atoms contained within that region or its neighborhood. The number of atoms which are omitted for a given region is maintained at a small fraction of the total structure so that the phases used to calculate electron density values may still be a good approximation to the phases of the complete structure. The procedure was used to improve the model of the Fab portion of the mouse galactan-binding immunoglobulin J539 (IgA2, κ), which contains 431 residues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011456
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  • 37
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    Digitale Medien
    Laue orientation and interpretation by microcomputer (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: This paper describes a method of indexing back-reflection Laue patterns by microcomputer which has been successfully used for the cubic system. A program using this procedure has been shown to give possible indexing schemes within 12 min. A simple method of measuring the angle between the normal to the crystal surface and a nearby symmetry pole to within 0̃.1°, which does not require a highly accurately machined or perfectly aligned camera, is also described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011481
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  • 38
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    Digitale Medien
    Determination of particle distribution in supported metal catalysts by small-angle scattering (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method of processing X-ray small-angle data for a three-phase system, based on the hypothesis formulated by Goodisman, Brumberger & Cupelo [J. Appl. Cryst. (1981), 14, 305–308] has been extended to the determination of the polydispersity of one phase. For supported metal catalysts, the characterization of the metal phase is obtained from its correlation function evaluated from a balanced subtraction between those of the catalyst and of the support, measured in two separate experiments. A fairly good agreement with electron microscopy data is obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011493
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  • 39
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    Digitale Medien
    An X-ray microdiffractometer for the analysis of small specimens, and its use in a forensic science laboratory (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 294-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011535
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  • 40
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    Digitale Medien
    Détermination des indices hkl en rayonnement polychromatique par la méthode des marqueurs de longueurs d'onde. Application à l'étude de structures modulées (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 286-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In the conventional Laue method with a stationary crystal only the ratios h:k:l of the reciprocal-space point coordinates can be obtained for a crystal of known cell and orientation. A new method is described which determines the values hkl themselves. This result is obtained by slightly rotating the crystal in a polychromatic beam and by using simultaneously `wavelength markers' in a photographic recording. The method is particularly useful in the study of modulated structures where it can determine the amplitudes and directions of wavevectors k and their variation under the influence of external parameters such as temperature, pressure, applied fields. The method is general; it can be applied to neutrons as well as X-rays. The outlines of the corresponding experiments are proposed in the paper. By directly giving the wavevectors k, it provides valuable guide lines for the collection of intensities on a conventional four-circle diffractometer with a single detector. The `marker method' is here applied to the study of α-U by neutron diffraction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011511
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  • 41
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    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of absorption curves for protein single crystals on the oscillation camera with time decaying incident-beam intensity and variable-wavelength synchrotron X-radiation (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 417-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The correction of intensity data from protein single crystals for sample absorption effects is important for refinement and interpretation of atomic parameters. Synchrotron X-radiation sources are extensively used to provide high-resolution data and their tuneability utilized to collect data with optimized anomalous dispersion. At longer wavelengths the sample absorption effects become increasingly important. Previous methods of determining the absorption correction using the oscillation camera relied upon film methods, which cannot readily take account of the decay in incident-beam intensity of synchrotron sources. The use of a sensitive ion chamber to measure the transmitted intensity and monitoring of the incident intensity allows an empirical absorption correction to be calculated directly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011869
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  • 42
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    Digitale Medien
    Improvements in real-space deconvolution of small-angle scattering data (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 435-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In the cases of spherical, cylindrical or lamellar symmetry it is possible to calculate the radial density distribution from small-angle scattering intensities via indirect Fourier transformation and a convolution square-root technique avoiding the phase problem. The density function is expressed in terms of step functions. All this is accomplished by a method described previously. Firstly, the necessary modifications of the method allowing for arbitrary step widths are discussed. Additional background to the scattering intensities is an important problem in practical application, so it is shown that remaining background scattering is mainly eliminated automatically and does not essentially influence the results in the convolution square-root technique. Finally, the introduction of a least-squares variation algorithm allows for the optimization of simple step models.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011894
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  • 43
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    Digitale Medien
    Phasenumwandlungen und thermische Ausdehnung von Sr3TeO6, Ba3TeO6 und einigen ihrer Mischkristalle (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 456-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Sr3TeO6, tetragonal, and Ba3TeO6, orthorhombic, which have cryolite-related structures, form tetragonal and cubic solid solutions. The tetragonal phases show highly anisotropic thermal expansion, which precedes phase transitions to cubic modifications between 370 and 670 K.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011924
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  • 44
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    Digitale Medien
    Large-amplitude molecular and inversion centre displacements in ferroelastic 9-hydroxy-1-phenalenone at 298 K (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The a and c axes of a single-crystal of 9-hydroxy-1-phenalenone with lattice constants at 298 K of a = 8.8941, b = 28.8159, c = 7.2117 Å and β = 97.937° are ferroelastically transformed under the application of compressive stress on the order of 105 N m−2. The spontaneous strain is 0.18, assuming tetragonal 4/m prototype symmetry in accordance with the observed domain patterns. The domains are separated by temperature-dependent walls having Miller indices (1.86′0′1) and ({\bar 1}0′1.86) at 298 K. The ferroelastic transformation is accompanied by translation of the inversion centers through distances of about 7.68 Å. In the process, crystallographically independent molecules (I) and (II) exchange identity as each undergoes an additional translation of about 1.1 Å combined with rotation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011936
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  • 45
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    Digitale Medien
    A new diffractometer using a curved position-sensitive detector and its applications to X-ray crystallography (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 470-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A new curved linear position-sensitive detector has been developed and used in a computer-controlled high-speed data collection system with Weissenberg geometry for X-ray crystallography. This detector system enables one to see the entire Weissenberg diagram on a CRT display monitor in real time. A comparison between refinement results of the room-temperature phase of LiRbSO4 by this system and a conventional four-circle diffractometer showed that the atomic coordinates almost agree within the experimental errors. A new phenomenon was found with this system: LiRbSO4 changes into the twin state under external electric field at room temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988401195X
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  • 46
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    Digitale Medien
    The lower-temperature phase of a nematic lyomesophase system (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 476-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The system Na decyl sulfate/water/decanol/Na sulfate, which forms a nematic NL lyomesophase with planar micelles at 298 K, changes to a CG phase at 295 K on cooling. Phase CG studied by X-ray diffraction has a lamellar structure with repetition distance 31.4 Å. Comparison of observed and calculated intensities from a step-function model defines the CG phase as a coagel where anhydrous lamellar aggregates of extended tilted bilayers are dispersed in water. This result gives support to the model of aggregates of micelles in the NL phase previously proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011961
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  • 47
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    Digitale Medien
    A comment on The peak in neutron powder diffraction by B. van Laar and W.B. Yelon (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 482-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: It is shown that the neutron powder diffraction peak as computed by van Laar & Yelon [J. Appl. Cryst. (1984). 17, 47–54] can be rather well approximated using a normalized asymmetric peak profile as proposed by Howard [J. Appl. Cryst. (1982). 15, 615–620] or Prince [J. Appl. Cryst. (1983). 16, 508–511] together with an intensity correction factor from Cooper & Glasspool [J. Appl. Cryst. (1976). 9, 63–67]. Since the differences are material only at the lowest scattering angles (2θ ≲ 10°), in most cases a description of the peak by one of the simpler analytic profile functions should be adequate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011985
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A computer program for the determination of the correct positions of misplaced molecules in crystal structures (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 484-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A program is described to determine the position of a correctly oriented but misplaced molecule with known or at least partially known stereochemistry. The program is written in Fortran IV and based on the combination of three methods: 1. Residual analysis. 2. Analysis of the packing. 3. Calculation of a figure of merit derived from the fulfilment of strong phase relationships based on triplets. By this program a unique determination of the translational parameters of the molecule was possible in most cases even for complex problems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884012000
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  • 49
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    Digitale Medien
    Bearings for rotating-anode X-ray generators (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 486-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884012024
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 486-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884012036
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  • 51
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    Digitale Medien
    Modern crystallography. Vol III. Crystal growth by A. A. Chernov (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 488-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988401205X
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  • 52
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    Digitale Medien
    Dilatation thermique des phases stables et métastable du naphtalènethiol-2 (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: It is shown by a diffraction technique that 2-naphthalenethiol (C10H8S) undergoes a first-order phase transition which occurs at 313 ± 0.5 K. The low-temperature form III is ordered whereas the high-temperature one I is disordered and may be kept as metastable far below 313 K. Thermal expansion studies, performed on the stable form III and on both metastable and stable forms I, indicate that: form III exhibits a pronounced `pretransitional' effect; discontinuities of the lattice constants occur at the III →I transition; the lattice-constant thermal-expansion curves of form I do not show any inflexion at the metastable to stable transition; in every case a large thermal expansion anisotropy is observed. Curiously, the compacity of the ordered low-temperature form is lower than that of the disordered high-temperature form. The JCPDS Diffraction File No. of the low-temperature form III is 34–1990.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988401092X
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  • 53
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    Digitale Medien
    Application of the Energy-Dispersive X-ray diffraction method to determine static and dynamic displacements close to D in Ta single crystals (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction method has been used to measure integrated Bragg intensities from TaDx single crystals as a function of D concentration and scattering vector. The observed attenuation can be described in terms of a thermal and a static Debye–Waller factor (DWF). From the static DWF, for small scattering vectors, the displacements u1 = 0.095 (5) Å of the four Ta atoms closest to the D atom are obtained and, for large scattering vectors, the change of the mean-square thermal displacement of these atoms Δv21 = −[5.5 (3)] × 10–4 Å2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884010967
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  • 54
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    Digitale Medien
    MITHRIL–an integrated direct-methods computer program (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 42-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A new direct-methods computer program, MITHRIL, is described. Written in a neutral subset of Fortran IV, it is built around a heavily modified MULTAN80 system. It incorporates many recent theoretical developments in direct methods including the use of quartet and quintet invariants, a new method for estimating triplets, YZARC and MAGEX, and random-phase tangent refinement. It can be run as a menu-driven interactive real-time package or in the more conventional batch mode. Several levels of user-program interaction are provided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884010992
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  • 55
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    Digitale Medien
    The accuracy of experimental radial distribution functions for metallic glasses (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 61-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray diffraction experiments on amorphous Fe40Ni40P20 were performed in association with a detailed study of the accuracy, limitations and reproducibility of experimental radial distribution functions (RDF's). A novel counting strategy is presented, and the merits of conducting two diffraction experiments in different geometries as a test for internal consistency are argued. Experimental methods and data-processing techniques are treated in detail. The results indicate that the RDF can be determined virtually with pre-selected accuracy. The positions of the co-ordination shells for Fe40Ni40P20 show a remarkable periodicity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988401102X
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  • 56
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    Digitale Medien
    Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 85-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The application of synchrotron X-ray radiation to powder diffraction is described. A perfect Si double-crystal monochromator at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) was used in conjunction with Si, Ge, LiF and Al2O3 analyzers to investigate resolution and intensity characteristics at selected wavelengths between 1.07 and 1.54 Å. The results obtained with Ge at 1.54 Å gave a resolution Δd/d of 5 × 10−4 at 2θ = 30°, falling to 2 × 10−4 at 2θ = 140°. Analysis of the peak shapes is described in detail, with particular emphasis on the asymmetry observed at angles below 50° due to axial divergence effects. With a simple correction to allow for these, the peak shapes are found to be well represented by a convolution of Gaussian and Lorentzian components, the respective peak widths of these being related to the intrinsic resolution and sample broadening effects. It is pointed out that the use of a crystal analyzer should eliminate shifts in the Bragg-peak positions owing to the displacement-type aberrations which occur with conventional focusing-type diffractometers. Except for a constant zero error, the mean discrepancy in observed and calculated peak positions between 0 and 90° for reference samples CeO2, Al2O3 and NiO is found to be only about 0.003°. Finally, some general remarks are made about the application of the Rietveld profile technique to structural analysis from synchrotron powder diffraction data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011043
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  • 57
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    Digitale Medien
    On the texture in diffusion-grown layers of silicides and germanides with the FeB structure, MeX (Me=Ti, Zr; X=Si, Ge) or the ZrSi2 structure (ZrSi2, HfSi2, ZrGe2) (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In diffusion-grown layers of compounds with the orthorhombic FeB- and ZrSi2-type structures a pronounced texture is present which is rotationally symmetric with respect to the direction of diffusion. In FeB-type structures a [101]-fibre texture is observed for ZrSi and HfSi and a [100]-fan texture for TiSi and ZrGe. In ZrSi2-type compounds the b axis is always perpendicular to the direction of diffusion; different compounds, however, show different textures: a [010]-fan texture for ZrSi2, a [100]-fibre texture for HfSi2 and a 〈101〉-fibre texture for ZrGe2. The textures are explained in terms of preferential diffusion along specific crystallographic directions which can be derived from the crystal structures. At high temperatures a second texture component has been observed in HfSi layers and in layers with the ZrSi2 structure. This second component can be considered as a recrystallization texture and can be derived from the original texture by a rotation of the crystallites of 20–25° around a simple crystallographic direction. The existence of a so-called TiGe phase with the FeB structure in the temperature region 1070–1270 K is questionable. Only Ti6Ge5 has been produced and this compound showed a [001]-fibre texture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011079
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  • 58
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    Digitale Medien
    An optimized collimator for X-ray diffraction from very small samples using synchrotron radiation (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 120-120 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011109
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  • 59
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    Digitale Medien
    Diffractometer detector aperture system with independently controlled jaws (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 122-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011122
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  • 60
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 122-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011134
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  • 61
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal lattices, interfaces, matrices by W. Bollmann (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 123-124 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988401116X
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  • 62
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    Digitale Medien
    Non-focusing diffractometer for X-ray studies on weakly absorbing amorphous materials (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 140-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: One of the main sources of error when studying weakly absorbing materials using an X-ray diffractometer with Bragg–Brentano focusing geometry is specimen transparency. Its undesired effects (peak displacement and loss of intensity in the medium angular range) can be avoided by using a slab-like specimen in symmetrical transmission, in which case the type of diffractometer is more or less immaterial except that a non-focusing diffractometer offers a series of advantages, e.g. a very simple lining-up procedure and the possibility of using rod-like specimens. Such a diffractometer with a flat monochromator in the primary beam is described and both the equatorial aberration and the axial aberration are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011201
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  • 63
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    Digitale Medien
    Macromolecular crystallography with synchrotron radiation: collection and processing of data from crystals with a very large unit cell (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Hexagonal crystals of cowpea mosaic virus in space group P6122 (or its enantiomorph) with a = 451 and c = 1038 Å have been analyzed using the synchrotron X-ray source at LURE. Data were collected using an X-ray beam of size 0.18 × 0.22 mm permitting resolution of reflections along the c* direction. The beam was defined using a multiple slit system at both the monochromator and at the collimator. A helium path was used to reduce air scatter as a specimen-to-film distance of 175 mm was employed. Data to 4.3 Å resolution were recorded on each film. The films were processed to 6 Å resolution using the oscillation photograph processing package developed by Rossmann [J. Appl. Cryst. (1979), 12, 225–238] with minor modifications to the normal procedures. One film was processed to 4.3 Å resolution establishing the feasibility of intermediate resolution analysis. Statistical analysis of the processed data showed excellent correlation between symmetry-equivalent reflections. Post refinement of oscillation angles and lattice constants was very stable and led to significantly improved scaling of partially recorded reflections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011213
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  • 64
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    Digitale Medien
    Structural disorder in microcrystalline MgCl2 (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 172-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Structural disorder in severely ground MgCl2 is interpreted on the basis of a Bernoullian model with four parameters, specifying both the size and the statistical sequence of the layers; their choice completely dictates the intrinsic shape of all the X-ray diffraction lines. The X-ray powder spectra are reasonably well reproduced over a wide range of Bragg distances (1̃.7 〈 d 〈 9̃ Å) for samples with various degrees of disorder. Practical criteria are given to derive the statistical parameters from the X-ray spectra. Average crystal thickness as small as 20 Å across the layers is observed. From the usual structure with cubic packing in the Cl atoms, with increasing disorder at first the probabilities of cubic and hexagonal-like interlayer shifts (Pcub and Phex) tend to become equal; the ultimate degree of disorder also involves ± 60° rotations between adjacent layers, with about the same probability as Pcub and Phex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011250
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Short-time X-ray diffraction for the investigation of chemical reactions and phase transitions (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 206-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The usual powder diffraction technique needs about one hour for the registration of a pattern with either a Guinier camera or a powder diffractometer. This is a long time compared to the time of most chemical reactions and phase transitions. Quite recently the recording time has been reduced by using position-sensitive detectors and rotating-anode X-ray sources, but the registration time is still about one minute. With a Guinier diffractometer in front of a synchrotron-radiation source a time resolution of 300 μs can be achieved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011298
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  • 66
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    Digitale Medien
    Some aspects of the X-ray structural characterization of (Ga1−xAlxAs)n1(GaAs)n2/GaAs(001) superlattices (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 196-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The study of the physical properties of the superlattices (Ga 1− xAlxAs)n1(GaAs)n2/GaAs(001) requires the knowledge of their structural parameters n1, n2 and x and of their crystalline state. X-ray diffraction enables the existence of such artificial superstructures, obtained by molecular-beam epitaxy, to be revealed and their characteristic parameters to be determined. Two experimental techniques are used: a standard powder goniometer and a double-crystal diffractometer. The diffraction diagrams directly yield the superperiod and the average Al concentration in the superlattice. The value of x is determined by refinement between observed and calculated structure factors. The results are even more accurate when the number of observed satellite peaks for a given periodicity is greater; this number depends at the same time on the Al composition x, the n1/n2 ratio, the periodicity and its dispersion and the shape of the interfaces. This method is illustrated by a few examples with superlattice periods varying from 51 to 397 Å. The consequence on the X-ray diagrams of various defects (dispersion in n1 and n2, superperiod gradient, Al diffusion) is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011286
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  • 67
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene at 293 K (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 211-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The powder data for 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB) and 1,3,5-tribromobenze (1,3,5-TBB) at 293 K are reported. These compounds are isomorphous, orthorhombic, P212121, Z = 4 with a = 13.971 (3), b = 13.251 (2), c = 3.921 (1) Å, V = 725.9 (4) Å3, Dx = 1.660 Mg m−3 for 1,3,5-TCB and a = 14.244 (3), b = 13.577 (2), c = 4.084 (1) Å, V = 789.8 (5) Å3, Dx = 2.648 Mg m−3 for 1,3,5-TBB. These values are more accurate than those previously reported [Milledge & Pant (1960). Acta Cryst. 13, 285–290]. The JCPDS Diffraction File Nos. are 34-1989 for 1,3,5-TCB and 34-1988 for 1,3,5-TBB.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988401133X
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    VAX adaptation of the ROCKS crystallographic program system (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 215-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The ROCKS crystallographic computing system is a general complete integrated and easy-to-use system of programs for macromolecular structure determination. However, it has heretofore been available only on IBM 360 or 370 main-frame computers. This note reports the successful adaptation of the ROCKS system to the DEC VAX series of superminicomputers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011365
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Commission on Journals. Changes in Editorial Boards (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 218-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011407
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of synchrotron radiation to anomalous scattering for structure analysis with a four-circle diffractometer (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The present paper describes a newly built four-circle diffractometer for X-ray structure analysis with synchrotron radiation and particularly with the use of anomalous scattering due to a relatively heavy atom or atoms. This system is installed on beamline 10A in the Photon Factory (PF) in the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, and its 2θ arm is rotated in the plane perpendicular to the floor. In this system, a one-crystal monochromator of the horizontal dispersion type is used. When the 111 reflection from a Si monochromator is used, the energy resolution is about 14 eV for X-rays of about 10 keV. The four-circle diffractometer, a monochromator and an alignment carriage for the four-circle diffractometer can be controlled by a computer and, therefore, once the optical system has been adjusted for X-rays of a certain wavelength then the diffraction intensity values from a single-crystal sample can be automatically measured at any wavelength chosen. An NaI(Tl) scintillation counter is used for both the intensity measurements of the diffraction beam and the monitoring of the incident-beam intensity. In order to make the counting rate high, 50 MHz counters are used for the above two intensity measurements. In this set-up, about 1% counting loss occurs at a counting rate of 55000 s−1. With this diffractometer, diffraction intensities have been measured for a hemimorphite single-crystal at two energy values on both sides of the Zn K absorption edge. The variation of the intensities, after being normalized by the standard reflection and the monitor counts, was somewhat large in comparison with the data measured in the usual laboratory. From these data measured at two energy values, a so-called two-wavelength anomalous-scattering difference Patterson function was calculated, where the Zn–Zn vector peaks were twice as high as in an ordinary Patterson.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011419
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Covalently linked purine–pyrimidine analogs. Structure of 7-(4,6-dioxo-5-pyrimidinyl)theophylline dihydrate, C11H10N6O4.2H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 856-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184005990
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of 1,3-di-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropylcyclodisilazane, C20H46N2Si2 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 871-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006053
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of 2'-deoxyadenosine, C10H13N5O3 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 880-882 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006090
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of (3aS)-7-chloro-4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-8-methyl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]benzothiadiazine 5,5-dioxide, C15H22ClN3O2S (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 882-884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006107
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of the structures of three new cadmium iodide polytypes (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 908-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006211
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The redetermination of the structure of beryllium–molybdenum MoBe12 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 914-915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006247
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of bis(trifluoroacetato)(phenyl)iodine(III), C10H5F6IO4 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 877-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006089
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of bis-μ3-phenylimido-tris(tricarbonylruthenium), [Ru3(C6H5N)2(CO)9] (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 927-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006296
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low-temperature (163 K) structure of 1,8-naphthyridine, C8H6N2 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 891-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006144
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of 2-amino-3,5-dibromo-N-cyclohexyl-N-methylbenzenemethanamine–salicylic acid (1:1): corrigendum (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 901-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827018400617X
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structures of 20 new polytypes of cadmium iodide (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 905-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827018400620X
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of bis(isothiocyanato)tetrakis(pyridine)nickel(II), C22H20N6NiS2, a redetermination (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 957-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006405
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A redetermination of sodium aqua[ethylenediaminetetraacetato(4–)]ferrate(III) dihydrate, Na[Fe(C10H12N2O8)(H2O)].2H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 939-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006338
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Piroxicam monohydrate: a zwitterionic form, C15H13N3O4S.H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 989-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006521
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [4-(Phenoxymethyl)phenyl]acetic acid, C15H14O3 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 995-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006557
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structures of the antileprosy phenazine derivatives B673 and B741: 3-(p-chloroanilino)-10-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclohexylimino-2,10-dihydrophenazine, C30H26Cl2N4, and 3-(p-chloroanilino)-10-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,10-dihydro-2-(4-methylcyclohexylimino)phenazine, C31H28Cl2N4 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1004-1007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006582
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of a bryonolic acid derivative, D:C-friedoolean-8-ene-3β,29-diol diacetate, C34H54O4 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1013-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006612
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure de la benzoyl-6 dihydro-2,3 benzoxazole-1,3 one-2, C14H9NO3 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1019-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006636
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyluridine, C15H18N2O9 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1030-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006673
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    (2RS,4RS)-cis-2-[cis-1-Chloro-4-(2-chloro-2-propyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(2-chloro-2-propyl)-1-cyclohexanone, C18H29Cl3O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1037-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006703
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The structures of 9-hydroxy-10-methyl-trans-2-decalone, C11H18O2 (I), and 9-acetoxy-10-methyl-trans-2-decalone, C13H20O3 (II) (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1044-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006739
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of 6-chloro-4-phenyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine 2,2-dioxide, C13H8ClNO3S (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1057-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006776
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of N,O-dibenzoyl-N-o-tolylhydroxylamine, C21H17NO3 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1071-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827018400682X
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ethanol–water solvates of anacrotine and madurensine, C18H25NO6.1/2C2H6O.1/2H2O. Isomeric pyrrolizidine alkaloids (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1073-1077 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006831
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure de l'acétyl-2 p-chlorophényl-8 méthyl-4 oxa-6 triaza-2,3,7 phospha-1 bicyclo[3.3.0]octadiène-3,7, C12H11ClN3O2P. Premier exemple d'oxazaphospholodiazaphosphole (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1034-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006697
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    1,2,3,4,9,10-Hexahydro-9,10-exo-epoxy-1,4-exo-methanoanthracene (1) (syn-oxabenzosesquinorbornene), C15H14O, and adducts with dichlorocarbene (2), C16H14Cl2O, and anthranilic acid (3), C23H18N2O3 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1050-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006752
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    9,10-Dihydro-9,10-epidioxyanthracene, C14H10O2 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1059-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006788
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The deuterium-atom positions in deuterated molybdic acid, MoO3.2D2O, by powder neutron diffraction (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1121-1124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184007034
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structures of copper(II) complexes with N,N'-bis(β-carbamoylethyl)ethylenediamine and its deprotonated form, [Cu(NO3)(C8H18N4O2)(H2O)].NO3.H2Oand [Cu(C8H16N4O2)(H2O)].H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1131-1135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827018400706X
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of N-carboxy-L-valine anhydride, C6H9NO3 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 1094-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270184006910
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