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  • *Ecosystem  (605)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (605)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 2000-2004  (605)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (605)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Climate change. All downhill from here? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1600-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Fishes/physiology ; Geography ; Lagomorpha/physiology ; *Plant Development ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature ; Trees/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso Sea (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-07
    Description: We have applied "whole-genome shotgun sequencing" to microbial populations collected en masse on tangential flow and impact filters from seawater samples collected from the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. A total of 1.045 billion base pairs of nonredundant sequence was generated, annotated, and analyzed to elucidate the gene content, diversity, and relative abundance of the organisms within these environmental samples. These data are estimated to derive from at least 1800 genomic species based on sequence relatedness, including 148 previously unknown bacterial phylotypes. We have identified over 1.2 million previously unknown genes represented in these samples, including more than 782 new rhodopsin-like photoreceptors. Variation in species present and stoichiometry suggests substantial oceanic microbial diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venter, J Craig -- Remington, Karin -- Heidelberg, John F -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Rusch, Doug -- Eisen, Jonathan A -- Wu, Dongying -- Paulsen, Ian -- Nelson, Karen E -- Nelson, William -- Fouts, Derrick E -- Levy, Samuel -- Knap, Anthony H -- Lomas, Michael W -- Nealson, Ken -- White, Owen -- Peterson, Jeremy -- Hoffman, Jeff -- Parsons, Rachel -- Baden-Tillson, Holly -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Smith, Hamilton O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):66-74. Epub 2004 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives, 1901 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jcventer@tcag.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/*genetics ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bacteria/*genetics ; Bacteriophages/genetics ; Biodiversity ; Computational Biology ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Genome, Archaeal ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Plasmids ; Rhodopsin/genetics ; Rhodopsins, Microbial ; Seawater/*microbiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Ecology. Science center on Jordan-Israel border aims to bridge the rift (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; Desert Climate ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Financial Support ; Genome ; *Genomics ; *International Cooperation ; Israel ; Jordan ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ecosystems: The grand (canyon) experiment (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Rivers ; *Snails ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Ecology. Domains of diversity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pimm, Stuart L -- Brown, James H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):831-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, USA. stuartpimm@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Population Density ; Songbirds ; Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Lowland forest loss in protected areas of Indonesian Borneo (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: The ecology of Bornean rainforests is driven by El Nino-induced droughts that trigger synchronous fruiting among trees and bursts of faunal reproduction that sustain vertebrate populations. However, many of these species- and carbon-rich ecosystems have been destroyed by logging and conversion, which increasingly threaten protected areas. Our satellite, Geographic Information System, and field-based analyses show that from 1985 to 2001, Kalimantan's protected lowland forests declined by more than 56% (〉29,000 square kilometers). Even uninhabited frontier parks are logged to supply international markets. "Protected" forests have become increasingly isolated and deforested and their buffer zones degraded. Preserving the ecological integrity of Kalimantan's rainforests requires immediate transnational management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran, L M -- Trigg, S N -- McDonald, A K -- Astiani, D -- Hardiono, Y M -- Siregar, P -- Caniago, I -- Kasischke, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1000-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 205 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. lisa.curran@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Borneo ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Industry ; Population Density ; Time Factors ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate ; Vertebrates ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Comment on "Impact ejecta layer from the mid-Devonian: possible connection to global mass extinctions" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Racki, Grzegorz -- Koeberl, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):471; author reply 471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, PL-41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland. racki@us.edu.pl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Geologic Sediments ; Magnetics ; *Meteoroids ; Seawater ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Fish in deep-water coral habitats (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Michel J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Ecology. Sportfishers on the hook for dwindling U.S. fish stocks (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Humans ; Population Density ; *Recreation ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Prescribed fire and natural disturbance (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moritz, Max A -- Odion, Dennis C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Fires ; *Plant Diseases ; Quercus/microbiology ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Ecology. How 'virgin' is virgin rainforest? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, K J -- Gillson, L -- Brncic, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):402-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford Long-term Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK. kathy.willis@geog.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Agriculture ; Animals ; Archaeology ; Asia, Southeastern ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Time Factors ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Distributions of microbial activities in deep subseafloor sediments (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Diverse microbial communities and numerous energy-yielding activities occur in deeply buried sediments of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Distributions of metabolic activities often deviate from the standard model. Rates of activities, cell concentrations, and populations of cultured bacteria vary consistently from one subseafloor environment to another. Net rates of major activities principally rely on electron acceptors and electron donors from the photosynthetic surface world. At open-ocean sites, nitrate and oxygen are supplied to the deepest sedimentary communities through the underlying basaltic aquifer. In turn, these sedimentary communities may supply dissolved electron donors and nutrients to the underlying crustal biosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Hondt, Steven -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- Miller, D Jay -- Batzke, Anja -- Blake, Ruth -- Cragg, Barry A -- Cypionka, Heribert -- Dickens, Gerald R -- Ferdelman, Timothy -- Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe -- Holm, Nils G -- Mitterer, Richard -- Spivack, Arthur -- Wang, Guizhi -- Bekins, Barbara -- Engelen, Bert -- Ford, Kathryn -- Gettemy, Glen -- Rutherford, Scott D -- Sass, Henrik -- Skilbeck, C Gregory -- Aiello, Ivano W -- Guerin, Gilles -- House, Christopher H -- Inagaki, Fumio -- Meister, Patrick -- Naehr, Thomas -- Niitsuma, Sachiko -- Parkes, R John -- Schippers, Axel -- Smith, David C -- Teske, Andreas -- Wiegel, Juergen -- Padilla, Christian Naranjo -- Acosta, Juana Luz Solis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2216-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Drilling Program Leg 201 Shipboard Scientific Party, NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. dhondt@gso.uri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Electron Transport ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Iron/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Oxidants/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pacific Ocean ; Peru ; Photosynthesis ; Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Ecology. Ecogenomics benefits community ecology (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dicke, Marcel -- van Loon, Joop J A -- de Jong, Peter W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):618-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Post Office Box 8031, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands. marcel.dicke@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Aldehyde-Lyases/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/metabolism ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; *Genomics ; Genotype ; Insects/*physiology ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism ; Lipoxygenase/genetics/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Plants/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Ecology. Salvage harvesting policies after natural disturbance (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindenmayer, D B -- Foster, D R -- Franklin, J F -- Hunter, M L -- Noss, R F -- Schmiegelow, F A -- Perry, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; *Fires ; *Forestry ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Conservation policy in coffee landscapes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dietsch, Thomas V -- Philpott, Stacy M -- Rice, Robert A -- Greenberg, Russell -- Bichier, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):625-6; author reply 625-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Coffea/*growth & development ; *Coffee/economics ; Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Crops, Agricultural/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Public Policy ; Trees ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Endangered Species Act. Can California ranchers save the tiger salamander? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1554.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; *Ambystoma ; Animals ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    How much at risk are cone snails? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duda, Thomas F Jr -- Bingham, Jon-Paul -- Livett, Bruce G -- Kohn, Alan J -- Massilia, Gabriella Raybaudi -- Schultz, Joseph R -- Down, John -- Sandall, David -- Sweedler, Jonathan V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):955-7; author reply 955-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Conotoxins ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Snails
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Climate impact on plankton ecosystems in the Northeast Atlantic (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: It is now widely accepted that global warming is occurring, yet its effects on the world's largest ecosystem, the marine pelagic realm, are largely unknown. We show that sea surface warming in the Northeast Atlantic is accompanied by increasing phytoplankton abundance in cooler regions and decreasing phytoplankton abundance in warmer regions. This impact propagates up the food web (bottom-up control) through copepod herbivores to zooplankton carnivores because of tight trophic coupling. Future warming is therefore likely to alter the spatial distribution of primary and secondary pelagic production, affecting ecosystem services and placing additional stress on already-depleted fish and mammal populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richardson, Anthony J -- Schoeman, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1609-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK. anr@sahfos.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; Copepoda/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Greenhouse Effect ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Zooplankton/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Predators and prey in the Channel Islands (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dratch, Peter -- Coonan, Tim -- Graber, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):777-8; author reply 777-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; California ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Eagles ; *Ecosystem ; *Foxes ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sus scrofa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Periodical cicadas as resource pulses in North American forests (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Resource pulses are occasional events of ephemeral resource superabundance that occur in many ecosystems. Aboveground consumers in diverse communities often respond strongly to resource pulses, but few studies have investigated the belowground consequences of resource pulses in natural ecosystems. This study shows that resource pulses of 17-year periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) directly increase microbial biomass and nitrogen availability in forest soils, with indirect effects on growth and reproduction in forest plants. These findings suggest that pulses of periodical cicadas create "bottom-up cascades," resulting in strong and reciprocal links between the aboveground and belowground components of a North American forest ecosystem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Louie H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1565-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Population Biology, Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. lhyang@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Biomass ; Campanulaceae/chemistry/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Fungi/growth & development ; Hemiptera/growth & development/*physiology ; Life Cycle Stages ; Nitrates/analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/analysis ; Seeds/growth & development ; Soil/analysis ; Soil Microbiology ; Time Factors ; *Trees/growth & development ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Metapopulation persistence with age-dependent disturbance or succession" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dushoff, Jonathan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):684; author reply 684.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and, Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. dushoff@eno.princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Predators and prey in the Channel Islands (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helgen, Kristofer M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):777-8; author reply 777-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15300924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; California ; Eagles ; *Ecosystem ; Foxes ; Polynesia ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sus scrofa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: The first global assessment of amphibians provides new context for the well-publicized phenomenon of amphibian declines. Amphibians are more threatened and are declining more rapidly than either birds or mammals. Although many declines are due to habitat loss and overutilization, other, unidentified processes threaten 48% of rapidly declining species and are driving species most quickly to extinction. Declines are nonrandom in terms of species' ecological preferences, geographic ranges, and taxonomic associations and are most prevalent among Neotropical montane, stream-associated species. The lack of conservation remedies for these poorly understood declines means that hundreds of amphibian species now face extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuart, Simon N -- Chanson, Janice S -- Cox, Neil A -- Young, Bruce E -- Rodrigues, Ana S L -- Fischman, Debra L -- Waller, Robert W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1783-6. Epub 2004 Oct 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IUCN Species Survival Commission/Conservation International Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Biodiversity Assessment Unit, 1919 M Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA. s.stuart@conservation.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphibians/classification ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Realistic species losses disproportionately reduce grassland resistance to biological invaders (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: Consequences of progressive biodiversity declines depend on the functional roles of individual species and the order in which species are lost. Most studies of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relation tackle only the first of these factors. We used observed variation in grassland diversity to design an experimental test of how realistic species losses affect invasion resistance. Because entire plant functional groups disappeared faster than expected by chance, resistance declined dramatically with progressive species losses. Realistic biodiversity losses, even of rare species, can thus affect ecosystem processes far more than indicated by randomized-loss experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zavaleta, Erika S -- Hulvey, Kristin B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. zavaleta@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*growth & development ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; California ; Centaurea/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Seasons ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Oceanography. Microbes, molecules, and marine ecosystems (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Azam, Farooq -- Worden, Alexandra Z -- R01 A146600/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1622-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. fazam@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Bacteriophages/growth & development/metabolism ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Genomics ; *Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Systems Theory ; Viruses/*growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Marine conservation. U.S. asked to act immediately to protect deep-sea corals (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Porifera ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Oh the locusts sang, then they dropped dead (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostfeld, Richard S -- Keesing, Felicia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1488-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA. rostfeld@ecostudies.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Biomass ; Campanulaceae/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Fungi/growth & development ; Hemiptera/growth & development/*physiology ; Life Cycle Stages ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Plant Roots ; Soil/analysis ; Soil Microbiology ; Time Factors ; Trees/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: The community structure and ecological function of contemporary marine ecosystems are critically dependent on eukaryotic phytoplankton. Although numerically inferior to cyanobacteria, these organisms are responsible for the majority of the flux of organic matter to higher trophic levels and the ocean interior. Photosynthetic eukaryotes evolved more than 1.5 billion years ago in the Proterozoic oceans. However, it was not until the Mesozoic Era (251 to 65 million years ago) that the three principal phytoplankton clades that would come to dominate the modern seas rose to ecological prominence. In contrast to their pioneering predecessors, the dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, and diatoms all contain plastids derived from an ancestral red alga by secondary symbiosis. Here we examine the geological, geochemical, and biological processes that contributed to the rise of these three, distantly related, phytoplankton groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul G -- Katz, Miriam E -- Knoll, Andrew H -- Quigg, Antonietta -- Raven, John A -- Schofield, Oscar -- Taylor, F J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):354-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08540, USA. falko@imcs.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Phylogeny ; *Phytoplankton/classification/cytology/physiology ; Plastids/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genomics and evolution. Shotgun sequencing in the sea: a blast from the past? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul G -- de Vargas, Colomban -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):58-60. Epub 2004 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program and the Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. falko@imcs.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15066774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Archaea/*genetics ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bacteria/*genetics ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Archaeal ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Plankton/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seawater/*microbiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: To assess the coextinction of species (the loss of a species upon the loss of another), we present a probabilistic model, scaled with empirical data. The model examines the relationship between coextinction levels (proportion of species extinct) of affiliates and their hosts across a wide range of coevolved interspecific systems: pollinating Ficus wasps and Ficus, parasites and their hosts, butterflies and their larval host plants, and ant butterflies and their host ants. Applying a nomographic method based on mean host specificity (number of host species per affiliate species), we estimate that 6300 affiliate species are "coendangered" with host species currently listed as endangered. Current extinction estimates need to be recalibrated by taking species coextinctions into account.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koh, Lian Pin -- Dunn, Robert R -- Sodhi, Navjot S -- Colwell, Robert K -- Proctor, Heather C -- Smith, Vincent S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1632-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds/growth & development ; Butterflies/growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Ficus/growth & development ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mathematics ; Mites/growth & development ; *Models, Biological ; *Models, Statistical ; Parasites/growth & development ; Phthiraptera/growth & development ; Plant Development ; Pneumocystis/growth & development ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Wasps/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Atmosphere. Ecological versus climatic thresholds (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maslin, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2197-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environment Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK. mmaslin@geog.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Atmosphere ; Brazil ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Geologic Sediments ; *Plants ; Pollen ; Rain ; Seasons ; Seawater ; Time ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 32
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    Morphological disparity of ammonoids and the mark of Permian mass extinctions (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: The taxonomic diversity of ammonoids, in terms of the number of taxa preserved, provides an incomplete picture of the extinction pattern during the Permian because of a strongly biased fossil record. The analysis of morphological disparity (the variety of shell shapes) is a powerful complementary tool for testing hypotheses about the selectivity of extinction and permits the recognition of three distinct patterns. First, a trend of decreasing disparity, ranging for about 30 million years, led to a minimum disparity immediately before the Permian-Triassic boundary. Second, the strongly selective Capitanian crisis fits a model of background extinction driven by standard environmental changes. Third, the end-Permian mass extinction operated as a random, nonselective sorting of morphologies, which is consistent with a catastrophic cause.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villier, Loic -- Korn, Dieter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):264-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Sedimentologie-Paleontologie, FRE CNRS 2761, Universite de Provence, 3 place Victor-Hugo, F-13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France. lvillier@up.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Mollusca/*anatomy & histology/classification ; Population Dynamics ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Oceanography. New dead zone off Oregon coast hints at sea change in currents (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1099.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brachyura/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Oceanography ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Phytoplankton/growth & development ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; Wind
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Asynchronous terrestrial and marine signals of climate change during Heinrich events (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: Tropical regions have been reported to play a key role in climate dynamics. To date, however, there are uncertainties in the timing and the amplitude of the response of tropical ecosystems to millennial-scale climate change. We present evidence of an asynchrony between terrestrial and marine signals of climate change during Heinrich events preserved in marine sediment cores from the Brazilian continental margin. The inferred time lag of about 1000 to 2000 years is much larger than the ecological response to recent climate change and appears to be related to the nature of hydrological changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jennerjahn, Tim C -- Ittekkot, Venugopalan -- Arz, Helge W -- Behling, Hermann -- Patzold, Jurgen -- Wefer, Gerold -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2236-9. Epub 2004 Dec 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zentrum fur Marine Tropenokologie, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. tim.jennerjahn@zmt-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Brazil ; Carbon Isotopes ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Ferns ; Geologic Sediments ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; *Plants ; Pollen ; Rain ; Seawater ; Spores ; Time ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The scaling of animal space use (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: Space used by animals increases with increasing body size. Energy requirements alone can explain how population density decreases, but not the steep rate at which home range area increases. We present a general mechanistic model that predicts the frequency of interaction, spatial overlap, and loss of resources to neighbors. Extensive empirical evidence supports the model, demonstrating that spatial constraints on defense cause exclusivity of home range use to decrease with increasing body size. In large mammals, over 90% of available resources may be lost to neighbors. Our model offers a general framework to understand animal space use and sociality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jetz, Walter -- Carbone, Chris -- Fulford, Jenny -- Brown, James H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):266-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA. wjetz@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; *Homing Behavior ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Three Gorges project: chance and challenge (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Guozhen -- Xie, Zongqiang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):681.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Rivers
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Naturalists' surveys show that British butterflies are going, going (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1747.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; *Butterflies ; *Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting. Bird in bush aids snake in grass (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):951.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agkistrodon ; Animals ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; *Feeding Behavior ; Fishes ; Florida ; Geography ; Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Ecosystem-based fishery management (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pikitch, E K -- Santora, C -- Babcock, E A -- Bakun, A -- Bonfil, R -- Conover, D O -- Dayton, P -- Doukakis, P -- Fluharty, D -- Heneman, B -- Houde, E D -- Link, J -- Livingston, P A -- Mangel, M -- McAllister, M K -- Pope, J -- Sainsbury, K J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):346-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pew Institute for Ocean Science, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami, New York, NY 10022, USA. epikitch@rsmas.miami.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Community assembly through adaptive radiation in Hawaiian spiders (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: Communities arising through adaptive radiation are generally regarded as unique, with speciation and adaptation being quite different from immigration and ecological assortment. Here, I use the chronological arrangement of the Hawaiian Islands to visualize snapshots of evolutionary history and stages of community assembly. Analysis of an adaptive radiation of habitat-associated, polychromatic spiders shows that (i) species assembly is not random; (ii) within any community, similar sets of ecomorphs arise through both dispersal and evolution; and (iii) species assembly is dynamic with maximum species numbers in communities of intermediate age. The similar patterns of species accumulation through evolutionary and ecological processes suggest universal principles underlie community assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gillespie, Rosemary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):356-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Insect Biology, University of California, 201 Wellman Hall, Berkeley, CA94720-3112, USA. gillespi@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Hawaii ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Spiders/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: All terrestrial ecosystems consist of aboveground and belowground components that interact to influence community- and ecosystem-level processes and properties. Here we show how these components are closely interlinked at the community level, reinforced by a greater degree of specificity between plants and soil organisms than has been previously supposed. As such, aboveground and belowground communities can be powerful mutual drivers, with both positive and negative feedbacks. A combined aboveground-belowground approach to community and ecosystem ecology is enhancing our understanding of the regulation and functional significance of biodiversity and of the environmental impacts of human-induced global change phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wardle, David A -- Bardgett, Richard D -- Klironomos, John N -- Setala, Heikki -- van der Putten, Wim H -- Wall, Diana H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1629-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Landcare Research, Post Office Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand. david.wardle@svek.slu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Invertebrates/*physiology ; Plant Development ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Soil/parasitology ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Local endemism within the Western Ghats-sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: The apparent biotic affinities between the mainland and the island in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot have been interpreted as the result of frequent migrations during recent periods of low sea level. We show, using molecular phylogenies of two invertebrate and four vertebrate groups, that biotic interchange between these areas has been much more limited than hitherto assumed. Despite several extended periods of land connection during the past 500,000 years, Sri Lanka has maintained a fauna that is largely distinct from that of the Indian mainland. Future conservation programs for the subcontinent should take into account such patterns of local endemism at the finest scale at which they may occur.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bossuyt, Franky -- Meegaskumbura, Madhava -- Beenaerts, Natalie -- Gower, David J -- Pethiyagoda, Rohan -- Roelants, Kim -- Mannaert, An -- Wilkinson, Mark -- Bahir, Mohomed M -- Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum -- Ng, Peter K L -- Schneider, Christopher J -- Oommen, Oommen V -- Milinkovitch, Michel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Unit of Ecology and Systematics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. fbossuyt@vub.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Brachyura/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cyprinidae/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Decapoda (Crustacea)/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, rRNA ; India ; *Invertebrates/anatomy & histology/classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; Ranidae/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Snakes/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Sri Lanka ; *Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Reproductive failure threatens bird colonies on North Sea coast (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Proffitt, Fiona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Eels ; Fisheries ; Food Chain ; North Sea ; Plankton ; Population Density ; *Reproduction ; Scotland ; Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. How extinction patterns affect ecosystems (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raffaelli, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1141-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. dr3@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Centaurea/growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geologic Sediments ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; Plant Development ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Plants ; Poaceae/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Microbiology. Microbial life breathes deep (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLong, Edward F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2198-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Division of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. delong@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Bacteria/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Biomass ; Carbon/metabolism ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Electron Transport ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Iron/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Oxidants/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pacific Ocean ; Peru ; Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfates/metabolism
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    Environment. Avoiding destructive remediation at DOE sites (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whicker, F W -- Hinton, T G -- MacDonell, M M -- Pinder, J E 3rd -- Habegger, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1615-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. ward.whicker@colostate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Environmental Pollution ; Humans ; Nuclear Warfare ; *Public Health ; *Radioactive Pollutants ; Risk Assessment ; Soil Pollutants, Radioactive ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies ; Water Pollutants, Radioactive
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    Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: A transect of 68 acid grasslands across Great Britain, covering the lower range of ambient annual nitrogen deposition in the industrialized world (5 to 35 kg Nha-1 year-1), indicates that long-term, chronic nitrogen deposition has significantly reduced plant species richness. Species richness declines as a linear function of the rate of inorganic nitrogen deposition, with a reduction of one species per 4-m2 quadrat for every 2.5 kg Nha-1 year-1 of chronic nitrogen deposition. Species adapted to infertile conditions are systematically reduced at high nitrogen deposition. At the mean chronic nitrogen deposition rate of central Europe (17 kg Nha-1 year-1), there is a 23% species reduction compared with grasslands receiving the lowest levels of nitrogen deposition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stevens, Carly J -- Dise, Nancy B -- Mountford, J Owen -- Gowing, David J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1876-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. c.j.stevens@open.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Altitude ; Atmosphere ; *Biodiversity ; Carbon/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Nitrogen/analysis ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Soil/analysis ; Temperature ; Weather
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    Ecology and conservation. Space--the final frontier for economists and elephants (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bulte, Erwin -- Damania, Richard -- Lindsey, Gillson -- Lindsay, Keith -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):420-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, Tilburg University, Post Office Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. e.h.bulte@uvt.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Elephants ; Environment ; Models, Economic ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth
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    48,000 years of climate and forest change in a biodiversity hot spot (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: A continuous 48,000-year-long paleoecological record from Neotropical lower montane forest reveals a consistent forest presence and an ice-age cooling of approximately 5 degrees to 9 degrees C. After 30,000 years of compositional stability, a steady turnover of species marks the 8000-year-long transition from ice-age to Holocene conditions. Although the changes were directional, the rates of community change were no different during this transitional period than in the preceding 30,000-year period of community stability. The warming rate of about 1 degrees C per millennium during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition was an order of magnitude less than the projected changes for the 21st century.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bush, Mark B -- Silman, Miles R -- Urrego, Dunia H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):827-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6975, USA. mbush@fit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fossils ; Fresh Water ; Geography ; Geologic Sediments ; Peru ; *Plant Development ; Pollen ; Temperature ; Time ; Trees/*growth & development ; Tropical Climate
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    Ecological Society of America meeting. Bees from the rainforest add up to a $62,000 coffee buzz (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Withgott, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bees ; Coffea/*growth & development ; Coffee/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; Pollen ; *Trees
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    Reduced competition and altered feeding behavior among marine snails after a mass extinction (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Extinction may alter competitive interactions among surviving species, affecting their subsequent recovery and evolution, but these processes remain poorly understood. Analysis of predation traces produced by shell-drilling muricid snails on bivalve prey reveals that species interactions were substantially different before and after a Plio-Pleistocene mass extinction in the western Atlantic. Muricids edge- and wall-drilled their prey in the Pliocene, but Pleistocene and Recent snails attacked prey only through the shell wall. Experiments with living animals suggest that intense competition induces muricid snails to attack shell edges. Pliocene predators, therefore, probably competed for resources more intensely than their post-extinction counterparts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dietl, Gregory P -- Herbert, Gregory S -- Vermeij, Geerat J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2229-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fossils ; *Mollusca ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Snails/*physiology ; Time
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    Virgin rainforests and conservation (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hambler, Clive -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):943-4; author reply 943-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; *Trees
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    Creating a sustainable future? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, Bruce A -- Okey, Thomas A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fisheries ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Population Growth ; Public Policy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Self-organized patchiness and catastrophic shifts in ecosystems (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: Unexpected sudden catastrophic shifts may occur in ecosystems, with concomitant losses or gains of ecological and economic resources. Such shifts have been theoretically attributed to positive feedback and bistability of ecosystem states. However, verifications and predictive power with respect to catastrophic responses to a changing environment are lacking for spatially extensive ecosystems. This situation impedes management and recovery strategies for such ecosystems. Here, we review recent studies on various ecosystems that link self-organized patchiness to catastrophic shifts between ecosystem states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rietkerk, Max -- Dekker, Stefan C -- de Ruiter, Peter C -- van de Koppel, Johan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1926-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Feedback, Physiological ; Models, Biological ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Water
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    Ecology. Globalization, migration, and Latin American ecosystems (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aide, T Mitchell -- Grau, H Ricardo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1915-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360. tmaide@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Caribbean Region ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Humans ; Latin America ; Rural Population ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Trees ; Urban Population
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The International Polar Year (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Albert, Mary R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1437.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Arctic Regions ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Research
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Asphalt volcanism and chemosynthetic life in the Campeche Knolls, Gulf of Mexico (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: In the Campeche Knolls, in the southern Gulf of Mexico, lava-like flows of solidified asphalt cover more than 1 square kilometer of the rim of a dissected salt dome at a depth of 3000 meters below sea level. Chemosynthetic tubeworms and bivalves colonize the sea floor near the asphalt, which chilled and contracted after discharge. The site also includes oil seeps, gas hydrate deposits, locally anoxic sediments, and slabs of authigenic carbonate. Asphalt volcanism creates a habitat for chemosynthetic life that may be widespread at great depth in the Gulf of Mexico.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, I R -- Bohrmann, G -- Escobar, E -- Abegg, F -- Blanchon, P -- Blinova, V -- Bruckmann, W -- Drews, M -- Eisenhauer, A -- Han, X -- Heeschen, K -- Meier, F -- Mortera, C -- Naehr, T -- Orcutt, B -- Bernard, B -- Brooks, J -- de Farago, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):999-1002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physical and Life Sciences Department, Texas A & M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA. imacdonald@falcon.tamucc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Annelida/physiology ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; Bivalvia/physiology ; Crustacea/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes/physiology ; Gases ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hydrocarbons ; Invertebrates/physiology ; Mollusca/physiology ; Petroleum ; Seawater ; *Volcanic Eruptions
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Net environmental benefit analysis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Efroymson, Rebecca A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):976; author reply 976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Radioactive Pollutants ; Risk Assessment ; United States Government Agencies
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Invasive species. Expanding trade with China creates ecological backlash (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):968-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Internationality ; Pest Control ; Plants ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbiology. We get by with a little help from our (little) friends (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruby, Edward -- Henderson, Brian -- McFall-Ngai, Margaret -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1305-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pacific Biomedical Research Center, Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/genetics/pathogenicity ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Immune System/physiology ; Invertebrates/*microbiology/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Vertebrates/*microbiology/physiology ; Virulence Factors/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Shifts in deep-sea community structure linked to climate and food supply (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: A major change in the community structure of the dominant epibenthic megafauna was observed at 4100 meters depth in the northeast Pacific and was synchronous to a major El Nino/La Nina event that occurred between 1997 and 1999. Photographic abundance estimates of epibenthic megafauna from 1989 to 2002 show that two taxa decreased in abundance after 1998 by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude, whereas several other species increased in abundance by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. These faunal changes are correlated to climate fluctuations dominated by El Nino/La Nina. Megafauna even in remote marine areas appear to be affected by contemporary climatic fluctuations. Such faunal changes highlight the importance of an adequate temporal perspective in describing biodiversity, ecology, and anthropogenic impacts in deep-sea communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruhl, Henry A -- Smith, Kenneth L Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):513-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. hruhl@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Biodiversity ; Body Constitution ; Carbon ; *Climate ; *Echinodermata/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Food ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Sea Cucumbers/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Sea Urchins/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Seasons ; *Seawater
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    The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Diatoms are unicellular algae with plastids acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. They are responsible for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation. We report the 34 million-base pair draft nuclear genome of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and its 129 thousand-base pair plastid and 44 thousand-base pair mitochondrial genomes. Sequence and optical restriction mapping revealed 24 diploid nuclear chromosomes. We identified novel genes for silicic acid transport and formation of silica-based cell walls, high-affinity iron uptake, biosynthetic enzymes for several types of polyunsaturated fatty acids, use of a range of nitrogenous compounds, and a complete urea cycle, all attributes that allow diatoms to prosper in aquatic environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armbrust, E Virginia -- Berges, John A -- Bowler, Chris -- Green, Beverley R -- Martinez, Diego -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Zhou, Shiguo -- Allen, Andrew E -- Apt, Kirk E -- Bechner, Michael -- Brzezinski, Mark A -- Chaal, Balbir K -- Chiovitti, Anthony -- Davis, Aubrey K -- Demarest, Mark S -- Detter, J Chris -- Glavina, Tijana -- Goodstein, David -- Hadi, Masood Z -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Hildebrand, Mark -- Jenkins, Bethany D -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Kroger, Nils -- Lau, Winnie W Y -- Lane, Todd W -- Larimer, Frank W -- Lippmeier, J Casey -- Lucas, Susan -- Medina, Monica -- Montsant, Anton -- Obornik, Miroslav -- Parker, Micaela Schnitzler -- Palenik, Brian -- Pazour, Gregory J -- Richardson, Paul M -- Rynearson, Tatiana A -- Saito, Mak A -- Schwartz, David C -- Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee -- Valentin, Klaus -- Vardi, Assaf -- Wilkerson, Frances P -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):79-86.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. armbrust@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Algal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chromosomes ; DNA/genetics ; Diatoms/chemistry/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; *Genome ; Iron/metabolism ; Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plastids/genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Silicic Acid/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Urea/metabolism
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    The sudden death of a coral reef (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoeksema, Bert W -- Cleary, Daniel F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1293-4; author reply 1293-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*growth & development ; *Dinoflagellida ; *Ecosystem ; *Fires ; Fishes ; Indian Ocean ; Indonesia ; Iron ; Temperature
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    Marine science. New tools reveal treasures at ocean hot spots (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1104-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Marine Biology ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater ; *Whales
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    Silencing the jasmonate cascade: induced plant defenses and insect populations (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: We transformed the native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, to silence its lipoxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase, and allene oxide synthase genes in order to inhibit oxylipin signaling, known to mediate the plant's direct and indirect defenses. When planted into native habitats, lipoxygenase-deficient plants were more vulnerable to N. attenuata's adapted herbivores but also attracted novel herbivore species, which fed and reproduced successfully. In addition to highlighting the value of genetically silencing plants to study ecological interactions in nature, these results show that lipoxygenase-dependent signaling determines host selection for opportunistic herbivores and that induced defenses influence herbivore community composition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kessler, Andre -- Halitschke, Rayko -- Baldwin, Ian T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):665-8. Epub 2004 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, Jena 07745, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/pharmacology ; Aldehyde-Lyases/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Beetles/physiology ; Bicyclo Compounds/metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; Hemiptera/physiology ; Hexobarbital/metabolism ; Insects/*physiology ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics/*metabolism ; Lipoxygenase/genetics/*metabolism ; Manduca/physiology ; Nicotine/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oviposition ; Oxylipins ; Signal Transduction ; Terpenes/metabolism ; Tobacco/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Ocean ecology. Dead zone fix not a dead issue (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferber, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1557.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Oxygen ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Rivers ; *Seawater ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
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    Ecology. Herbivores rule (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marquis, Robert J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):619-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA. robert_marquis@umsl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Insects/*physiology ; Peru ; Seedlings/growth & development ; Selection, Genetic ; *Soil ; Trees/*growth & development ; Tropical Climate
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    Herbivores promote habitat specialization by trees in Amazonian forests (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: In an edaphically heterogeneous area in the Peruvian Amazon, clay soils and nutrient-poor white sands each harbor distinctive plant communities. To determine whether a trade-off between growth and antiherbivore defense enforces habitat specialization on these two soil types, we conducted a reciprocal transplant study of seedlings of 20 species from six genera of phylogenetically independent pairs of edaphic specialist trees and manipulated the presence of herbivores. Clay specialist species grew significantly faster than white-sand specialists in both soil types when protected from herbivores. However, when unprotected, white-sand specialists dominated in white-sand forests and clay specialists dominated in clay forests. Therefore, habitat specialization in this system results from an interaction of herbivore pressure with soil type.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fine, Paul V A -- Mesones, Italo -- Coley, Phyllis D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):663-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. fine@biology.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Insects/*physiology ; Meristem/growth & development ; Peru ; Plant Leaves/growth & development ; Seedlings/growth & development ; *Soil ; Trees/*growth & development ; Tropical Climate
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    Tropical ecosystems into the 21st century (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Kress, W John -- Nadkarni, Nalini M -- Lele, Sharachchandra -- Raven, Peter H -- Janzen, Daniel H -- Lugo, Ariel E -- Ashton, Peter S -- Lovejoy, Thomas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):227-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Research ; Social Values ; Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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    Comment on "Coral reef death during the 1997 Indian Ocean dipole linked to Indonesian wildfires" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Woesik, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1297; author reply 1297.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute ofTechnology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988, USA. rvw@fit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; Fires ; Indian Ocean ; Indonesia ; Iron ; Phytoplankton/growth & development ; Seawater ; Temperature
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    Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-permian extinction (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: High-resolution carbon isotope measurements of multiple stratigraphic sections in south China demonstrate that the pronounced carbon isotopic excursion at the Permian-Triassic boundary was not an isolated event but the first in a series of large fluctuations that continued throughout the Early Triassic before ending abruptly early in the Middle Triassic. The unusual behavior of the carbon cycle coincides with the delayed recovery from end-Permian extinction recorded by fossils, suggesting a direct relationship between Earth system function and biological rediversification in the aftermath of Earth's most devastating mass extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Payne, Jonathan L -- Lehrmann, Daniel J -- Wei, Jiayong -- Orchard, Michael J -- Schrag, Daniel P -- Knoll, Andrew H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):506-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jpayne@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Invertebrates/anatomy & histology ; Methane/analysis ; Oxygen ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fishery management and culling (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corkeron, Peter J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1891-2; author reply 1891-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15597432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Norway ; Population Density ; Public Policy ; *Seals, Earless ; *Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The Biology of Genomes meeting. Surveys reveal vast numbers of genes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Microbiology ; *Genes ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Gingiva/microbiology ; Humans ; Seawater/microbiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Soil Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, R B -- Berthrong, S T -- Cook, C W -- Jobbagy, E G -- McCulley, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):51; author reply 51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, and Nicholas School of theEnvironment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0340, USA. jackson@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrates/*analysis ; Plant Development ; Plants/metabolism ; Poaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Soil/*analysis ; Southwestern United States
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    Paleoecology. The rise and fall of forests (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birks, H J B -- Birks, Hilary H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):484-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, N-5007, Norway. john.birks@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Australia ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biomass ; Carbon/analysis ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Fungi/physiology ; Geography ; Hawaii ; New Zealand ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Soil/analysis ; Sweden ; Temperature ; Time ; *Trees/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Avian extinction and mammalian introductions on oceanic islands (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: The arrival of humans on oceanic islands has precipitated a wave of extinctions among the islands' native birds. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this extinction event varies markedly between avifaunas. We show that the probability that a bird species has been extirpated from each of 220 oceanic islands is positively correlated with the number of exotic predatory mammal species established on those islands after European colonization and that the effect of these predators is greater on island endemic species. In contrast, the proportions of currently threatened species are independent of the numbers of exotic mammalian predator species, suggesting that the principal threat to island birds has changed through time as species susceptible to exotic predators have been driven extinct.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackburn, Tim M -- Cassey, Phillip -- Duncan, Richard P -- Evans, Karl L -- Gaston, Kevin J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1955-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. t.blackburn@bham.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Islands ; Biological Evolution ; *Birds ; Cats ; *Ecosystem ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Humans ; Mammals/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Pacific Islands ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Probability ; Rats ; West Indies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Roger Payne profile. A toxic odyssey (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1584-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/chemistry ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater ; United States ; Vocalization, Animal ; Water Pollutants/*analysis ; *Whales
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: During succession, ecosystem development occurs; but in the long-term absence of catastrophic disturbance, a decline phase eventually follows. We studied six long-term chronosequences, in Australia, Sweden, Alaska, Hawaii, and New Zealand; for each, the decline phase was associated with a reduction in tree basal area and an increase in the substrate nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio, indicating increasing phosphorus limitation over time. These changes were often associated with reductions in litter decomposition rates, phosphorus release from litter, and biomass and activity of decomposer microbes. Our findings suggest that the maximal biomass phase reached during succession cannot be maintained in the long-term absence of major disturbance, and that similar patterns of decline occur in forested ecosystems spanning the tropical, temperate, and boreal zones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wardle, David A -- Walker, Lawrence R -- Bardgett, Richard D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):509-13. Epub 2004 Jun 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901 83 Umea, Sweden. david.wardle@svek.slu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Australia ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Fungi/physiology ; Geography ; Hawaii ; New Zealand ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Phosphorus/analysis/metabolism ; Plant Development ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Sweden ; Time ; *Trees/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Extinction and ecosystem function in the marine benthos (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: Rapid changes in biodiversity are occurring globally, yet the ecological impacts of diversity loss are poorly understood. Here we use data from marine invertebrate communities to parameterize models that predict how extinctions will affect sediment bioturbation, a process vital to the persistence of aquatic communities. We show that species extinction is generally expected to reduce bioturbation, but the magnitude of reduction depends on how the functional traits of individual species covary with their risk of extinction. As a result, the particular cause of extinction and the order in which species are lost ultimately govern the ecosystem-level consequences of biodiversity loss.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solan, Martin -- Cardinale, Bradley J -- Downing, Amy L -- Engelhardt, Katharina A M -- Ruesink, Jennifer L -- Srivastava, Diane S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1177-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, Scotland AB41 6AA. m.solan@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Body Size ; Computer Simulation ; Echinodermata ; *Ecosystem ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Invertebrates/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Ireland ; Marine Biology ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; Seawater ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Life history trade-offs assemble ecological guilds (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Ecological theory predicts that competition for a limiting resource will lead to the exclusion of species unless the within-species effects outweigh the between-species effects. Understanding how multiple competitors might coexist on a single resource has focused on the prescriptive formalism of a necessary niche width and limiting similarity. Here, we show how continuously varying life histories and trade-offs in these characteristics can allow multiple competitors to coexist, and we reveal how limiting similarity emerges and is shaped by the ecological and evolutionary characteristics of competitors. In this way, we illustrate how the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes acts to shape ecological communities in a unique way. This leads us to argue that evolutionary processes (life-history trait trade-offs) are fundamental to the understanding of the structure of ecological communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonsall, Michael B -- Jansen, Vincent A A -- Hassell, Michael P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):111-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. m.bonsall@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Competitive Behavior ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Larva/*parasitology/physiology ; Longevity ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Parasites/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Probability
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. A bid to save the 'Galapagos of the Indian Ocean' (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sohlman, Eva -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1753.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Geography ; Indian Ocean ; Plants ; Travel ; United Nations ; Yemen
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Challenges of modeling ocean basin ecosystems (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-05
    Description: With increasing pressure for a more ecological approach to marine fisheries and environmental management, there is a growing need to understand and predict changes in marine ecosystems. Biogeochemical and physical oceanographic models are well developed, but extending these further up the food web to include zooplankton and fish is a major challenge. The difficulty arises because organisms at higher trophic levels are longer lived, with important variability in abundance and distribution at basin and decadal scales. Those organisms at higher trophic levels also have complex life histories compared to microbes, further complicating their coupling to lower trophic levels and the physical system. We discuss a strategy that builds on recent advances in modeling and observations and suggest a way forward that includes approaches to coupling across trophic levels and the inclusion of uncertainty.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉deYoung, Brad -- Heath, Mike -- Werner, Francisco -- Chai, Fei -- Megrey, Bernard -- Monfray, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1463-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada. bdeyoung@physics.mun.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Climate ; *Copepoda/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Forecasting ; *Marine Biology ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; *Tuna/physiology ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Ecology. Keeping an eye on the neighbors (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buskirk, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. marten@uwyo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; *Homing Behavior ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Ecological Society of America meeting. Are invasive species born bad? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Withgott, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1100-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; *Plant Development ; Selection, Genetic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Global survey documents puzzling decline of amphibians (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):391.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphibians ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Population Dynamics
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  • 86
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    Ecology. Hatcheries and endangered salmon (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, Ransom A -- Levin, Simon A -- Lande, Russell -- James, Frances C -- Murdoch, William W -- Paine, Robert T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1980.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1. ransom.myers@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fisheries ; *Oncorhynchus kisutch/classification/genetics/physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmo salar/physiology ; Terminology as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. Changes in planktonic food web hint at major disruptions in Atlantic (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1548-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Food Chain ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Zooplankton/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Defrosting the carbon freezer of the north (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1618-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; Atmosphere ; Bacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; Bryophyta/growth & development/metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Freezing ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Methane/metabolism ; *Plant Development ; Plants/metabolism ; Temperature ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Society for Conservation Biology meeting. Loss of dung beetles puts ecosystems in deep doo-doo (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1230.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Beetles/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Feces ; Flight, Animal ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate ; Venezuela
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biodiversity effects on soil processes explained by interspecific functional dissimilarity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: The loss of biodiversity can have significant impacts on ecosystem functioning, but the mechanisms involved lack empirical confirmation. Using soil microcosms, we show experimentally that functional dissimilarity among detritivorous species, not species number, drives community compositional effects on leaf litter mass loss and soil respiration, two key soil ecosystem processes. These experiments confirm theoretical predictions that biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning can be predicted by the degree of functional differences among species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heemsbergen, D A -- Berg, M P -- Loreau, M -- van Hal, J R -- Faber, J H -- Verhoef, H A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1019-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vrije Universiteit, Institute of Ecological Science, Department of Animal Ecology, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Plant Leaves ; *Soil ; Soil Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Japan. Conservation takes a front seat as university builds new campus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Facility Design and Construction ; Japan ; *Universities
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Networks by design: a revolution in ecology (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andelman, Sandy J -- Willig, Michael R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1565-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Interactions and self-organization in the soil-microbe complex (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: Soil is the most complicated biomaterial on the planet. As with any material, the physical habitat is of prime importance in determining and regulating biological activity. However, until recently the opaque nature of soil has meant that any interrogation of its interior architecture has been relatively rudimentary, restricted to simple qualitative expressions of the physical heterogeneity that fail to relate to any specific function. However, new techniques and insights into the biophysical and biochemical processes of this inner space are leading to the developments of theoretical frameworks and experimental approaches that will allow us to sustainably manage Earth's most important resource. We introduce the concept that the soil-microbe system is self-organized and suggest new priorities for research based on an integrative approach that combines biochemistry and biophysics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, I M -- Crawford, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1634-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology, and Statistics (SIMBIOS) Centre, University of Abertay, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG Scotland, UK. imy@tay.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacteriological Techniques ; *Biodiversity ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Chemistry, Physical ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fractals ; Fungi/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mycology/methods ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Soil/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Enigmatic biodiversity correlations: ant diversity responds to diverse resources (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: A pattern noted in ecology is that diversity at one level begets diversity at other levels. In the case of consumers competing for similar resources, the diversity of those resources is thought to provide some degree of niche diversification in which a diverse set of consumer species can coexist. If, however, the diverse resources are not sufficiently distinct from one another, from the standpoint of the consumer species, such niche diversification will not exist. We experimentally show that a diverse array of twigs attracted 80% more species of twig-nesting ants than a monospecific collection of twigs. The specific tree species from which the twigs were derived did not explain the pattern. It appears that diversity per se at one level (twigs) creates conditions that promote diversity at another level (nesting ants).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armbrecht, Inge -- Perfecto, Ivette -- Vandermeer, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):284-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 430 East University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. inge@univalle.edu.co〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; *Biodiversity ; Coffea ; Colombia ; *Ecosystem ; Humidity ; Nesting Behavior ; Temperature ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Oceanic Rossby waves acting as a 'hay rake' for ecosystem floating by-products" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Killworth, Peter D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):390; author reply 390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southampton Oceanography Centre, Empress DockSouthampton SO14 3ZH, England.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chlorophyll/analysis ; Color ; *Ecosystem ; Oceanography/*methods ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and the global extinction crisis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: There is growing concern about increased population, regional, and global extinctions of species. A key question is whether extinction rates for one group of organisms are representative of other taxa. We present a comparison at the national scale of population and regional extinctions of birds, butterflies, and vascular plants from Britain in recent decades. Butterflies experienced the greatest net losses, disappearing on average from 13% of their previously occupied 10-kilometer squares. If insects elsewhere in the world are similarly sensitive, the known global extinction rates of vertebrate and plant species have an unrecorded parallel among the invertebrates, strengthening the hypothesis that the natural world is experiencing the sixth major extinction event in its history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, J A -- Telfer, M G -- Roy, D B -- Preston, C D -- Greenwood, J J D -- Asher, J -- Fox, R -- Clarke, R T -- Lawton, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1879-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Dorset Laboratory, Winfrith Technology Centre, Dorchester DT2 8ZD, UK. jat@ceh.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Butterflies ; *Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; *Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Assessing the causes of late Pleistocene extinctions on the continents (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: One of the great debates about extinction is whether humans or climatic change caused the demise of the Pleistocene megafauna. Evidence from paleontology, climatology, archaeology, and ecology now supports the idea that humans contributed to extinction on some continents, but human hunting was not solely responsible for the pattern of extinction everywhere. Instead, evidence suggests that the intersection of human impacts with pronounced climatic change drove the precise timing and geography of extinction in the Northern Hemisphere. The story from the Southern Hemisphere is still unfolding. New evidence from Australia supports the view that humans helped cause extinctions there, but the correlation with climate is weak or contested. Firmer chronologies, more realistic ecological models, and regional paleoecological insights still are needed to understand details of the worldwide extinction pattern and the population dynamics of the species involved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnosky, Anthony D -- Koch, Paul L -- Feranec, Robert S -- Wing, Scott L -- Shabel, Alan B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):70-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology and Museums of Paleontology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. barnosky@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Human Activities ; Humans ; *Paleontology ; *Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Time
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  • 98
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    Ecology. Ecology for a crowded planet (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, Margaret -- Bernhardt, Emily -- Chornesky, Elizabeth -- Collins, Scott -- Dobson, Andrew -- Duke, Clifford -- Gold, Barry -- Jacobson, Robert -- Kingsland, Sharon -- Kranz, Rhonda -- Mappin, Michael -- Martinez, M Luisa -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Morse, Jennifer -- Pace, Michael -- Pascual, Mercedes -- Palumbi, Stephen -- Reichman, O J -- Simons, Ashley -- Townsend, Alan -- Turner, Monica -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1251-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. mpalmer@umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases/transmission ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forecasting ; Fresh Water ; Health ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; *Research ; Urbanization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Farming and the fate of wild nature (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: World food demand is expected to more than double by 2050. Decisions about how to meet this challenge will have profound effects on wild species and habitats. We show that farming is already the greatest extinction threat to birds (the best known taxon), and its adverse impacts look set to increase, especially in developing countries. Two competing solutions have been proposed: wildlife-friendly farming (which boosts densities of wild populations on farmland but may decrease agricultural yields) and land sparing (which minimizes demand for farmland by increasing yield). We present a model that identifies how to resolve the trade-off between these approaches. This shows that the best type of farming for species persistence depends on the demand for agricultural products and on how the population densities of different species on farmland change with agricultural yield. Empirical data on such density-yield functions are sparse, but evidence from a range of taxa in developing countries suggests that high-yield farming may allow more species to persist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Rhys E -- Cornell, Stephen J -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Balmford, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):550-5. Epub 2004 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. reg29@hermes.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Assessing environmental changes in grasslands (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, Charles E -- Reich, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 21;299(5614):1844-5; author reply 1844-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; California ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/pathogenicity ; Nitrogen ; *Plant Diseases ; Plant Roots/growth & development ; Poaceae/*growth & development/*microbiology ; Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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