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  • Other Sources  (822)
  • English  (810)
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  • 2010-2014  (822)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein wurden in den zurückliegenden vier Jahrzehnten detaillierte Untersuchungen an Probenmaterial aus Aufschlüssen und Kernbohrungen durchgeführt. Analysen der Kiesfraktion und von ‚Leitgeschieben‘ aus glazialen Ablagerungen wurden für die Interpretation und Korrelation genutzt. Glazifluviatile Sedimente wurden TL- und OSL-datiert. Zusammen mit der stratigraphischen Information aus organischen Ablagerungen konnte eine neue klimatostratigraphische Tabelle des Pleistozäns für Schleswig-Holstein mit revidierter Gliederung des Mittel- und Oberpleistozäns erstellt werden. Die Pollensequenz der ältesten pleistozänen Warmzeit (Warmhörn-Thermomer) wird erstmals veröffentlicht. Das Unterpleistozän (Altpleistozän) und das untere Mittelpleistozän sind bei Lieth und bei Gorleben (Niedersachsen) in zwei kontinuierlichen Schichtfolgen vollständig dokumentiert, abgelagert in einem Wechsel von warmen und kalten Klimaphasen. Der oberste Abschnitt der Abfolge von Lieth und der unterste der Abfolge von Gorleben überlappen. Die kombinierte Abfolge bietet ein einzigartiges Referenzprofil für Korrelationen innerhalb Europas. Bisher wurden in Schleswig-Holstein nur drei Kaltzeiten mit Vergletscherungen nachgewiesen, Elster- und Saale-Kaltzeit im oberen Mittelpleistozän und die Weichsel-Kaltzeit im Oberpleistozän. Eine mögliche prä-elsterzeitliche Vergletscherung wird diskutiert. Die Holstein-Warmzeit wird mit MIS 9e korreliert. Das Saale umfasst einen unteren Abschnitt mit nicht-glaziären Kaltzeiten und mit Warmzeiten, der ‚Wacken-Warmzeit‘ (=Dömnitz) und der ‚Leck-Warmzeit‘, korreliert mit MIS 7e und MIS 7c, und einen glaziären oberen Abschnitt. Während des Weichsel gab es wahrscheinlich zwei Phasen mit Vergletscherung, die erste im frühen Mittelweichsel (‚Ellund-Phase‘, spätes MIS 4 oder/und frühes MIS 3), die zweite im oberen Weichsel (MIS 2). Die weichselzeitliche Vergletscherung Schleswig-Holsteins endet um 15 ka BP, als großflächige stagnierende Eisflächen und Toteismassen des Jungbaltischen Gletschervorstoßes (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) schmolzen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: As part of the lagoon barrier accretions plain characterizing the NW coast of the Peloponnese, the Kotychi Lagoon is believed to have formed in the prograding delta of the Palaeo-Peneus River over 7000 years ago. Geochemical/sedimentological proxies-data (XRF, grain size, OC-, IC-, C/N-analysis) combined with Bayesian age-depth-modeling revealed that from 8500 to 8000 cal BP marine conditions were prevailing. Around 8000 cal BP, a short-lived sequence of coastline progradation and barrier accretion created lagoonal conditions. Thus, the first chronological control for the onset of lagoon formation in coastal Elis is presented. Pronounced lagoonal conditions developed approximately 6300 cal BP, simultaneously to the period of circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation. A rapidly varying sedimentary record indicates a phase of geomorphological instability between 5200 and 3500 cal BP terminating with the erosional unconformity of a river channel. This evolution reflects a two-phase development: (1) Early Holocene morphology was controlled by the postglacial sea level rise; (2) with receding of the ice sheets by mid-Holocene, the preeminent role of the eustatic signal was overwhelmed giving local and regional processes, such as human-induced soil erosion and climatic forcing an accentuated role. Thus, the evolution of the Elean coastline shows analogies to circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geochemistry ; lagoon ; sea level change ; Greece ; Holocene coastal evolution ; XRF
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein detailed petrographical and palynological studies were undertaken with samples from exposures and core drillings examined over the last four decades. Analyses of the gravel fraction and ‘indicator rocks’ of glacial deposits were used for stratigraphical interpretations and correlation. Glaciofluvial sediments were dated by TL and OSL. Combined with the stratigraphical information from organic deposits, a new climato-stratigraphic table of the Pleistocene for Schleswig-Holstein with a revised subdivision of the Middle and Late Pleistocene could be established. The pollen sequence of the oldest Pleistocene warm phase (Warmhörn-Thermomer) is published for the first time. The complete Early Pleistocene and lower Middle Pleistocene stratigraphical sequence is documented at Lieth and at Gorleben (Lower Saxony) in two continuous successions of organic beds developed during warm phases alternating with cold phase deposits. The uppermost part of the Lieth succession and the lowermost part of Gorleben overlap. The combined succession provides a unique reference for correlations through Europe. No more than three cold stages involving glaciation are demonstrated to exist currently in Schleswig-Holstein, the Elsterian and the Saalian in the upper Middle Pleistocene, and the Weichselian in the Late Pleistocene. A possible pre-Elsterian glaciation is discussed. The Holsteinian is correlated with MIS 9e. The Saalian includes a lower part with non-glacial cold phases and warm phases, the ‘Wacken-Warmzeit’ (=Dömnitz) and the ‘Leck-Warmzeit’ correlated with MIS 7e and MIS 7c respectively, and a glacial upper part. During the Weichselian probably two phases of glaciation existed, the first in the early Middle Weichselian (‘Ellund-Phase’; late MIS 4 or/and the early MIS 3), the second in the Upper Weichselian (MIS 2). The Weichselian glaciation of Schleswig-Holstein ends around 15 ka BP when huge stagnant and dead ice masses of the Young Baltic glacier advance (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) melted.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Sophie’s Cave in Upper Franconia, Bavaria (South Germany) eroded into Upper Jurassic reef dolomite and is a perfect model including all three stages of cave development ranging from a 1. ponor cave, to 2. intermediate periodically flooded cave to 3. dry cave. The key position of the cave along the Ahorn Valley, a side valley of the larger Wiesent River Valley, allow a cave genesis and evolution reconstruction which started in the Pliocene. The main refill took place in the Quaternary with Middle to Late Pleistocene river terrace sediments, present as relict sediments. Seven valley genesis stages between Pliocene to final Late Pleistocene can be separated in elevations of 440 to 375 meters a.s.l. The lowering of the Ailsbach River in the Ahorn Valley is important to understand the accessibility of caves for Pleistocene animals and Palaeolithic humans in different valley positions and elevations during different times in Upper Franconia, and the natural erosive opening/closing of cave entrances towards drainage valleys.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; bavaria ; cave ; ice age ; Ahorn Valley ; Alsbach River ; terrace evolution ; bears ; humans ; Neanderthals ; Late Palaeolithics
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The Zoolithen Cave, in the Wiesent River Valley of Upper Franconia, Bavaria, South Germany, has a very long excavation history. The site is of international paleobiological importance as the Type site for five Pleistocene top predators (cave bear, Ice Age hyena, lion, wolf, dhole). This large cave system has developed in three elevations and preserves three fluvial sedimentary sequences including two speleothem genesis phases representing changing ponor, dry and wet stages from the Oligocene/Miocene (Neogene), over the Pliocene/Early Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene. The cave bear Ursus deningeri used the cave as den during the MIS 6–9 (Holsteinian interglacial-Saalian glacial). Single P4 tooth and skull shape analyses (“= cave bear clock”) date different cave bear species (U. spelaeus eremus/spelaeus, U. ingressus) within the Late Pleistocene (MIS 3–5d). Finally the bones of other Pleistocene megamammals were washed from two former cave entrances at elevations of about 455 m a.s.l. up to 30 meters deep into lower elevation cave parts, during the Last Glacial Maximum (Post-U. deningeri times or Postglacial), -historically believed to be the result of the “great deluge”. The young “river terrace dolomite gravels” which occur as relic sediments at elevations of about 455 a.s.l in several caves around Muggendorf cannot be explained by natural erosion/river terrace stratigraphy, and must relate to an uncertain glacial context. Finally Iron Age (La Tène) humans left secondary burials (human skulls and long bones with pottery and after-life food animal donations) only in the first deep vertical shaft (Aufzugsschacht) similar to the situation in the nearby Esper’s Cave.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; stratigraphy ; Holotype skulls ; bone taphonomy ; excavation history of the Zoolithen Cave ; new theory about Esper's "great deluge"
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This volume contains papers presented in part at a symposium held in May 2012 at Göttingen University, to honour Professor Joachim Reitner for his numerous contributions to the fields of geobiology, geology, and palaeontology. Our present volume reflects the breadth of Reitnerś interests and accomplishement with tributes and research or review papers by his students, former students, collaborators, and friends. The symposium was held in conjunction with Joachim Reitnerś 60th birthday.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VU 500 ; VV 500 ; Festschriften {Geobiologie} ; Festschriften {Paläontologie} ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: PDF-Datei: 201 S., ca. 20 MB
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Exotic ice-rafted debris from the breakup of ice-dammed glacial lakes Missoula and Columbia is common in slackwater areas along the 1,100-km route for outburst floods in the northwestern US. A detailed analysis was performed at Rattlesnake Mountain, which lay beyond the limit of the former ice sheet, where an exceptionally high concentration of ice-rafted debris exists midway along the floods’ path. Here floodwaters temporarily rose to 380 m elevation (forming short-lived Lake Lewis) behind the first substantial hydraulic constriction for the outburst floods near Wallula Gap. Within the 60 km2 study area more than 2,100 erratic isolates and clusters, as well as bergmounds were recorded. Three quarters of erratic boulders are of an exotic granitic composition, which stand in stark contrast to dark Columbia River basalt, the sole bedrock in the region. Other exotics include Proterozoic quartzite and argillite as well as gneiss, diorite, schist and gabbro, all once in direct contact with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet to the north. Most ice-rafted debris is concentrated between 200 and 300 m elevation. Far fewer erratics and bergmounds lie above 300 m elevation because of the preponderance of less-than-maximum floods. Plus, larger deep-rooted icebergs were forced to ground farther away from the ancient shorelines of transient Lake Lewis. As floodwaters moved across the uneven surface of Rattlesnake Mountain, many erratic-bearing icebergs congregated into pre-existing gullies that trend crosswise to flood flow.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; ice-rafted debris ; erratic ; bergmound ; Missoula floods ; Wallula Gap ; Lake Lewis ; glacial Lake Missoula ; Wisconsin Glaciation ; Columbia River basalt
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-10-26
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 910 ; QGB 221 ; QGG 100 ; VDI 220 ; VAT 110 ; olozän ; Ostseeküste Südwest ; Geologie ; Deutsches Ostseeküstengebiet {Geographie} ; Teilräume von Osteuropa {Geographie} ; Holozän ; Küstendynamik und Küstenmorphologie einzelner Regionen {Geologie} ; 38.55 ; 74.19
    Language: English
    Type: map , publishedVersion , anthology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-10-26
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 910 ; QGA 200 ; QEE 000 ; Europäische Union ; Peripherer Raum ; Tourismus ; Kongress ; Greifswald 〈2006〉 ; Europäische Union {Geographie} ; Geographie von Freizeit und Tourismus ; 74.09 ; 74.19
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung
    In:  PIK Report
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: A methodology to assess future development in patterns of vulnerability is presented which can support the assessment of global policies with regard to their impacts on specific vulnerabilities on the regional or local scale. Patterns of vulnerability, formalized by vulnerability profiles (e.g. for the livelihoods of dryland smallholder farmers) were investigated under different consistent indicator scenarios reflecting different global policies. After unfolding several principal possibilities to do such an analysis of temporal change in vulnerability patterns we could conclude that the concept of “Clusters of Change” (CoCs) is the most straight forward and promising approach. The main arguments are that each interpretation has necessarily to consider both, the starting situation and it’s change over time (”poor and heavily improving”, ”rich and stagnating” etc.). This implies that we are looking for patterns which represent typical combinations of present states AND expected future changes. An application of the CoC-concept to the drylands vulnerability patterns considering the indicator set for the present situation and the same indicator set for 2050 under a baseline scenario was performed as a test. Comparison of the present vulnerability cluster partition with the spatial distribution of the CoCs revealed that most of these clusters are separated into an improving and a deteriorating part which shows where winners and losers of the baseline scenario are – an interesting result which illustrates the appropriateness of the CoC – method. To explore the potential of CoCs for the dryland vulnerability we applied the method to two different sets of scenarios until 2050: a baseline vs. Climate policy scenario (OECD, 2012) and a ”policy first” scenario vs. ”security first” scenario (UNEP, 2007). The first one serves as an example for a policy assessment while the second compares the vulnerability consequences of two scenarios based on different story-lines of further global development. The main conclusion to be drawn from these calculations is that the CoCs are rather insensitive with regard to the small differences between the scenarios. Regarding the first set of scenarios the relatively short time horizon of relevant influences of climate policies on climate change impacts and several indicators which are not influenced at all generate only a very small difference. The only significant change in the resulting vulnerability profiles was in the values of change in water scarcity: it was lower for all profiles in the climate policy case. The second set of scenarios is not directly related to policy decisions but to different global story-lines which deviate stronger. This resulted in an increasing cluster number from 4 (policy first) to 5 (security first) clusters, about 20% of the pixels changing cluster membership, 3 clusters showing the same spatial extent for both scenarios but the 4th cluster (“policy first”) “losing” India which generates a separate cluster in the “security first” scenario. This allows for the interpretation that a further development according to the “security first”-storyline compared to the “policy first”-storyline would make a difference particularly for India. Closer inspection of the respective profile shows a qualitatively different situation indicating increased vulnerability compared to the “policy first” scenario where India shares one cluster with e.g., Northern Africa.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: While deforestation represents an obvious ecosystem change, forest degradation is often more difficult to discern or quantify, but it impacts anumber of ecosystem functions which are vital for biodiversity and climate feedbacks. In the Brazilian Amazon, land-use changes increasefire occurrence, especially in fragmented forests close to managed land. We used remote sensing imagery to estimate the extent and impact of forest fires in degraded tropical rain-forest in the Brazilian Legal Amazon between 2007 and 2010and examinedland-use establishing in degraded areas. The trends in degraded area vs. burned area were different. Even though degradation increased one year after a high fire year, there wasnospatialoverlap, which pointsto other causes for degradation. Up to 11% of the degraded area was burned in the same year, playing escaping fires from managed and deforested lands a significant role in degradation by fire. Eighty-fourpercent of 2007s degraded area remained forest one year later, whereas the rest was identified as deforestation, secondary vegetation or pasture.Three years after degradation, 80% remained forest, the proportion of deforested area decreased and areas in regeneration after being deforested increased. Monitoring of forest degradation across tropical forests is critical for developing land management policies and for carbon stocks/emissions estimation.
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Dissertation
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In this study the sensitivity of the model performance of the chemistry transport model (CTM) LOTOS-EUROS to the description of the temporal variability of emissions was investigated. Currently the temporal release of anthropogenic emissions is described by European average diurnal, weekly and seasonal time profiles per sector. These default time profiles largely neglect the variation of emission strength with activity patterns, region, species, emission process and meteorology. The three sources dealt with in this study are combustion in energy and transformation industries (SNAP1), nonindustrial combustion (SNAP2) and road transport (SNAP7). First of all, the impact of neglecting the temporal emission profiles for these SNAP categories on simulated concentrations was explored. In a second step, we constructed more detailed emission time profiles for the three categories and quantified their impact on the model performance both separately as well as combined. The performance in comparison to observations for Germany was quantified for the pollutants NO2, SO2 and PM10 and compared to a simulation using the default LOTOS-EUROS emission time profiles. The LOTOS-EUROS simulations were performed for the year 2006 with a temporal resolution of 1 h and a horizontal resolution of approximately 25 × 25km2. In general the largest impact on the model performance was found when neglecting the default time profiles for the three categories. The daily average correlation coefficient for instance decreased by 0.04 (NO2), 0.11 (SO2) and 0.01 (PM10) at German urban background stations compared to the default simulation. A systematic increase in the correlation coefficient is found when using the new time profiles. The size of the increase depends on the source category, component and station. Using national profiles for road transport showed important improvements in the explained variability over the weekdays as well as the diurnal cycle for NO2. The largest impact of the SNAP1 and 2 profiles were found for SO2. When using all new time profiles simultaneously in one simulation, the daily average correlation coefficient increased by 0.05 (NO2), 0.07 (SO2) and 0.03 (PM10) at urban background stations in Germany. This exercise showed that to improve the performance of a CTM, a better representation of the distribution of anthropogenic emission in time is recommendable. This can be done by developing a dynamical emission model that takes into account regional specific factors and meteorology.
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    In:  WeltRisikoBericht 2014: Schwerpunkt: Risikoraum Stadt
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    In:  IASS Blog, 20.11.2014
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This December, the 20th United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP) will be held in Lima, Peru. There climate change negotiations will focus on reducing emissions of carbon dioxide, the long-lived greenhouse gas primarily responsible for anthropogenic climate change. However, on the short-term, air pollutants that also have an influence on climate, known as short-lived climate forcing pollutants (SLCPs) should also be addressed.
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  • 16
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    In:  energy post, 16.06.2014
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Abstract. It has been claimed for more than a century that atmospheric new particle formation is primarily influenced by the presence of sulfuric acid. However, the activation process of sulfuric acid related clusters into detectable particles is still an unresolved topic. In this study we focus on the PARADE campaign measurements conducted during August/September 2011 at Mt Kleiner Feldberg in central Germany. During this campaign a set of radicals, organic and inorganic compounds and oxidants and aerosol properties were measured or calculated. We compared a range of organic and inorganic nucleation theories, evaluating their ability to simulate measured particle formation rates at 3 nm in diameter (J3) for a variety of different conditions. Nucleation mechanisms involving only sulfuric acid tentatively captured the observed noon-time daily maximum in J3, but displayed an increasing difference to J3 measurements during the rest of the diurnal cycle. Including large organic radicals, i.e. organic peroxy radicals (RO2) deriving from monoterpenes and their oxidation products, in the nucleation mechanism improved the correlation between observed and simulated J3. This supports a recently proposed empirical relationship for new particle formation that has been used in global models. However, the best match between theory and measurements for the site of interest was found for an activation process based on large organic peroxy radicals and stabilised Criegee intermediates (sCI). This novel laboratory-derived algorithm simulated the daily pattern and intensity of J3 observed in the ambient data. In this algorithm organic derived radicals are involved in activation and growth and link the formation rate of smallest aerosol particles with OH during daytime and NO3 during night-time. Because the RO2 lifetime is controlled by HO2 and NO we conclude that peroxy radicals and NO seem to play an important role for ambient radical chemistry not only with respect to oxidation capacity but also for the activation process of new particle formation. This is supposed to have significant impact of atmospheric radical species on aerosol chemistry and should be taken into account when studying the impact of new particles in climate feedback cycles.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Carbon dioxide is a harmful greenhouse gas. But it is also the basic ingredient of countless chemical products. In recent years, research on the sequestration and practical use of carbon dioxide has yielded a number of important initial breakthroughs.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Possible feedback effects between aeolian dust, climate and ice sheets are studied for the first time with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity over the late Pleistocene period. Correlations between climate and dust deposition records suggest that aeolian dust potentially plays an important role for the evolution of glacial cycles. Here climatic effects from the dust direct radiative forcing (DRF) caused by absorption and scattering of solar radiation are investigated. Key elements controlling the dust DRF are the atmospheric dust distribution and the absorption-scattering efficiency of dust aerosols. Effective physical parameters in the description of these elements are varied within uncertainty ranges known from available data and detailed model studies. Although the parameters can be reasonably constrained, the simulated dust DRF spans a~wide uncertainty range related to the strong nonlinearity of the Earth system. In our simulations, the dust DRF is highly localized. Medium-range parameters result in negative DRF of several watts per square metre in regions close to major dust sources and negligible values elsewhere. In the case of high absorption efficiency, the local dust DRF can reach positive values and the global mean DRF can be insignificantly small. In the case of low absorption efficiency, the dust DRF can produce a significant global cooling in glacial periods, which leads to a doubling of the maximum glacial ice volume relative to the case with small dust DRF. DRF-induced temperature and precipitation changes can either be attenuated or amplified through a feedback loop involving the dust cycle. The sensitivity experiments suggest that depending on dust optical parameters, dust DRF has the potential to either damp or reinforce glacial–interglacial climate changes.
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  • 20
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    In:  IASS Blog, 23.12.2014
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Berlin may not be the Netherlands, but there is definitely a fair amount of bicycling infrastructure throughout the city. And if you're biking in Berlin you're not alone on the road with only cars for company either. The debate about which cities are the best for biking aside, I enjoy biking, and this summer I biked home from work at least once a week. For me, this meant a journey of roughly 30 km and just under two hours depending on traffic, traffic lights, and how much energy I had at the end of the work day.
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  • 21
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    In:  The International Relations and Security Network
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
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  • 22
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    In:  Journal of the American Chemical Society
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: A generalized synthesis of high-quality,mesoporous zeolite (e.g., MFI-type) nanocrystals ispresented, based on a biomass-derived, monolithic Ndopedcarbonaceous template. As an example, ZSM-5single crystals with desirable large-diameter (12−16 nm)intracrystalline mesopores are synthesized. The platformprovides scope to optimize template dimensions andchemistry for the synthesis of a range of micro-/mesoporous crystalline zeolites in a cost-effective andhighly flexible manner.
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  • 23
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    In:  SGI - Sustainable Governance Indicators News
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
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  • 24
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    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: We examine the claim that in governance for solar climate engineering research, and especially field tests, there is no need for external governance beyond existing mechanisms such as peer review and environmental impact assessments that aim to assess technically defined risks to the physical environment. By drawing on the historical debate on recombinant DNA research, we show that defining risks is not a technical question but a complex process of narrative formation. Governance emerges from within, and as a response to, narratives of what is at stake in a debate. In applying this finding to the case of climate engineering, we find that the emerging narrative differs starkly from the narrative that gave meaning to rDNA technology during its formative period, with important implications for governance. While the narrative of rDNA technology was closed down to narrowly focus on technical risks, that of climate engineering continues to open up and includes social, political and ethical issues. This suggests that, in order to be legitimate, governance must take into account this broad perception of what constitutes the relevant issues and risks of climate engineering, requiring governance that goes beyond existing mechanisms that focus on technical risks. Even small-scale field tests with negligible impacts on the physical environment warrant additional governance as they raise broader concerns that go beyond the immediate impacts of individual experiments.
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
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  • 27
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    In:  IASS Blog, 01.12.2014
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: It is often claimed that a higher ratio of natural gas to coal in our energy mix can mitigate current carbon dioxide emissions and serve as a 'bridge' to future renewable-based scenarios. This is because the carbon footprint of energy produced through the combustion of methane is about half that of energy produced from coal.
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The dynamics of the 18O(3P) + 32O2 isotope exchange reaction were studied using crossed atomic and molecular beams at collision energies (Ecoll) of 5.7 and 7.3 kcal/mol, and experimental results were compared with quantum statistical (QS) and quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations on the O3(X1A’) potential energy surface (PES) of Babikov et al. [D. Babikov, B. K. Kendrick, R. B. Walker, R. T. Pack, P. Fleurat-Lesard, and R. Schinke, J. Chem. Phys.118, 6298 (2003)]. In both QS and QCT calculations, agreement with experiment was markedly improved by performing calculations with the experimental distribution of collision energies instead of fixed at the average collision energy. At both collision energies, the scattering displayed a forward bias, with a smaller bias at the lower Ecoll. Comparisons with the QS calculations suggest that 34O2 is produced with a non-statistical rovibrational distribution that is hotter than predicted, and the discrepancy is larger at the lower Ecoll. If this underprediction of rovibrational excitation by the QS method is not due to PES errors and/or to non-adiabatic effects not included in the calculations, then this collision energy dependence is opposite to what might be expected based on collision complex lifetime arguments and opposite to that measured for the forward bias. While the QCT calculations captured the experimental product vibrational energy distribution better than the QS method, the QCT results underpredicted rotationally excited products, overpredicted forward-bias and predicted a trend in the strength of forward-bias with collision energy opposite to that measured, indicating that it does not completely capture the dynamic behavior measured in the experiment. Thus, these results further underscore the need for improvement in theoretical treatments of dynamics on the O3(X1A’) PES and perhaps of the PES itself in order to better understand and predict non-statistical effects in this reaction and in the formation of ozone (in which the intermediate O3 * complex is collisionally stabilized by a third body). The scattering data presented here at two different collision energies provide important benchmarks to guide these improvements.
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Global-scale solar geoengineering is the deliberate modification of the climate system to offset some amount of anthropogenic climate change by reducing the amount of incident solar radiation at the surface. These changes to the planetary energy budget result in differential regional climate effects. For the first time, we quantitatively evaluate the potential for regional disparities in a multi-model context using results from a model experiment that offsets the forcing from a quadrupling of CO2 via reduction in solar irradiance. We evaluate temperature and precipitation changes in 22 geographic regions spanning most of Earthʼs continental area. Moderate amounts of solar reduction (up to 85% of the amount that returns global mean temperatures to preindustrial levels) result in regional temperature values that are closer to preindustrial levels than an un-geoengineered, high CO2 world for all regions and all models. However, in all but one model, there is at least one region for which no amount of solar reduction can restore precipitation toward its preindustrial value. For most metrics considering simultaneous changes in both variables, temperature and precipitation values in all regions are closer to the preindustrial climate for a moderate amount of solar reduction than for no solar reduction.
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    In:  Journal of plant nutrition and soil science
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    In:  IASS Fact Sheet
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The use of fossil hydrocarbons in the energy and transport sectors is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. It also ties our society to ever dwindling reserves. Synthetic fuels could play a crucial role in establishing a carbon neutral energy supply.
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    In:  IASS Blog, 17.11.2014
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In the basement, in an alcove that's almost a small room, stands a small wood stove. If it weren't on a pedestal, it would barely be a metre high; but even so it's small, almost cute. The wood from which it's made appears to be untreated; its whiteness is rustic, quaint, innocent. It takes a minute to realise what's wrong. A 'wood stove' should be a stove for burning wood - not one made of wood. It should make combustion possible without itself being combustible.
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 34
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    In:  IASS Blog, 18.12.2014
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Klaus Töpfer, Executive Director of the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam, former UN Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of the UN Environment Programme as well as Minister for the Environment in Germany, turned 75 in 2013. His outstanding achievements inspired us to assemble this volume. Klaus Töpfer has been at the forefront of sustainability efforts for several decades, with a long track record of turning vision into reality, and a firm conviction that knowledge can be a crucial building block for transitions towards sustainability. Our world is shaped, more than ever before, by human activities. The scope of technology, to systemically alter nature in ways impossible for previous generations to comprehend, requests and requires a new relationship with »planet Earth.« Such a relationship may speak, in the end, not just of profit and loss but also of a new meaning of wealth, including a sense of ethics, stewardship, and responsibility. For the time being, it seems paramount to face these new challenges, striving for new ways of understanding and, subsequently, new modes of response.
    Description: Ernst Th. Rietschel - Foreword page 9Achim Steiner – Foreword page 11Falk Schmidt, Nick Nuttall - Sustainable, Transformative, Democratic: Klaus Töpfer’s Contributions for Transitions Towards Sustainability page 13Paul J. Crutzen - The Anthropocene: When Humankind Overrides Nature page 21Maheswar Rupakheti and Mark Lawrence - From Buddha Air to Dirty Air to Clean Air: The ABCs of South Asia page 29Veerabhadran Ramanathan - The Two Worlds We Inhabit: The Top Four Billion (T4B) and the Bottom Three Billion (B3B) page 41Hans Joachim Schellnhuber - Climate Change, the Monarch Butterfly, and Intergenerational Contracting page 51Reinhard F. Hüttl - Caring for the ‘Skin of the Earth’—Soils as a Critical Component of Global Development page 61Joachim von Braun - Guiding Urban–Rural Linkages Toward Sustainable Development page 75Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker - Klaus Töpfer at 75 page 97Mario Tobias - Translating Knowledge into Action: How Do Innovative Technologies Enable Sustainability? page 103Matthias Kleiner, Caroline A. Lodemann - Science in Democracy—Knowledge Exchange in an Informed Society page 111Carlo Rubbia - Innovative Scientific and Technological Developments for a Coherent Energy Policy page 123Laurence Tubiana, Andreas Rüdinger, Thomas Spencer - Evolution of the Energy Transition in Germany, France, and Europe: A Process in the Making page 127Pekka Haavisto - Global Contract for Sustainability page 141Klaus Milke and Christoph Bals - Acting–Negotiations–Alliances: The ‘Energiewende’ in Germany and its Relevance to the Great Transformation and a Global Contract page 147Karsten Sach - IRENA – A Story of Conviction, Perseverance, and Transformation page 159Manfred Konukiewitz - International Climate Finance for Developing Countries: The Green Climate Fund aims for Transformative Ambition page 173Uwe Schneidewind and Mandy Singer-Brodowski - Enabling the Great Transformation: Transdisciplinarity as Individual and Institutional Challenge page 189Günther Bachmann - Steam Engines, Renewable Energies & Co. page 201Volker Hauff - Governance: The Deficit on the Way to Sustainability page 221WAN Gang - Professor Klaus Töpfer: Promoter of Scientific Cooperation page 233Fengting Li, Jiang Wu, Dahe Jiang,Dong Li, and Sun Jie - Professor Klaus Töpfer: Leading the Way to a Sustainable Future page 237Juan Mayr Maldonado - Klaus Töpfer: A Visionary Leader, Charismatic, and Humanist page 243Massoumeh Ebtekar - Klaus Töpfer: A Pioneer for the Environmental Dimension of Dialogue among Civilizations page 253James Gustave Speth - New Economy Transformation: The Eight-fold Way page 257Timothy E. Wirth - Klaus Töpfer at 75: Remarks of the Honoroble Timothy E. Wirth page 263Ralf Fücks - End or Beginning? page 271Angelika Zahrnt - On the Recapturing of Alternatives page 275Claus Leggewie - Transnational Citizenship. Ideals and European Citizenship: Legal and Cultural Dimensions page 285Ulrich Beck - Transformations of the Social and Political: Beyond Methodological Nationalism page 297Authors page 309
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: French
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The paleosols of the Last Interglacial are presented in many loess sequences of the European temperate zone by soils with Argic horizon, that are considered to be the pedological response to the bioclimatic conditions of that period. We studied micromorphological, physical/chemical (bulk chemical composition, texture and dithionite-extractable iron) and mineralogical characteristics of two profiles – an Eemian Luvisol in Upper Austria (Oberlaab) and a Mikulino Albeluvisol in Central Russia (Alexandrov Quarry near Kursk) to compare them with recent analogous soils and to make further paleoecological and chronological inferences. Both profiles showed a set of characteristics indicative for weathering of primary minerals, clay transformation illuviation and surface redoximorphic (stagnic) processes. Paleosols demonstrate more advanced development than the Holocene analogues manifested however in different pedogenetic characteristics. The Eemian Luvisol in Upper Austria is characterized by stronger clay illuviation manifested in higher clay content and abundance of illuvial clay pedofeatures in the Bt horizon. Mikulino Albeluvisol in Central Russia is more strongly affected by eluvial and stagnic processes evidenced by deeper and more intensive accumulation of bleached silty material and clay depletion. We suppose that the properties of parent material are responsible for these differences. Russian Albeluvisol is formed on the Dnepr loess poor in weatherable minerals and having limited capacity for buffering acidity and clay formation. The higher development status of the Last Interglacial paleosols compared to the Holocene soils having however same type pedogenesis implies longer soil formation period, that agree with some of the paleobotanical proxies and could include besides MIS 5e part of MIS 5d; the warmer and moister paleoclimate during MIS 5e could also account for more advanced paleosol development Several phases of clay illuviation interrupted by frost structuring and deformation are detected in the Eemian Bt horizon in Upper Austria. It suppose even longer development that could extend to the Early Würmian interstadials (late substages of MIS5).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; paleosol ; paleoclimate ; last interglacial ; Argic horizon
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A detailed study of a loess-paleosol sequence in Oberlaab, Upper Austria, is presented with emphasis on macro- and micromorphological features, grain size distribution, rock magnetism properties, and weathering degree that allows correlation with other loess-paleosol sequences in neighboring areas, and interpretation of main pedogenic trends. The studied sequence comprises four paleosol complexes, which likely developed during four interglacial stages MIS 11, 9, 7 and 5e, and a modern soil. The oldest paleosol complex (OL5) represents three phases of soil formation, and distinct sedimentary events never reported in the area, with strong reductomorphic properties. The OL4 profile also results from three phases of pedogenesis with increased reductomorphic features in the deepest zone (affected by cryoturbation events). OL3 has abundant features related to gleyic/stagnic processes, but shows signs of clay illuviation. OL2 (Eemian soil) correlates with the MIS 5e. This paleosol shows higher degrees of clay illuviation and weathering, and fewer features related to reductomorphic processes. The modern soil is also polygenetic and constitutes a pedocomplex. Its lowermost part is formed by Würmian glacial deposits, where no well-developed soils are found; only reworked materials and pedosediments. Main pedogenic trends in the sequence are clearly differentiated. All of the paleosols were formed in humid environments, but differing in drainage conditions. The base, with OL5 and OL4 paleosols, was more affected by gleyic processes, while in the upper paleosols, especially OL2, clay illuviation is dominant. We interpret such differences to be caused by the topographic position. The basal paleosols were more affected by fluvioglacial processes due to their position on top of the terrace. The upper paleosols received increased amounts of sediment through fluvial, colluvial and aeolian (loess) input.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; loess ; paleosol ; pedogenesis ; middle pleistocene ; Oberlaab
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The more than 12 m thick loess-paleosol sequence in Paudorf, Lower Austria, has been known for decades as locus typicus of the “Paudorfer Bodenbildung” (Paudorf paleosol). The upper section of the outcrop contains an up to 1 m thick pedocomplex that developed during MIS 5. The differentiated sequence of loess-like sediment below, including a more than 2 m thick pedocomplex in its basal part, is an exceptional archive of landscape evolution from the Middle Pleistocene. Herein we present detailed paleopedological and sedimentological surveys, as well as first micromorphological observations to address the sequence in its entirety and the processes leading to its genesis. Furthermore, high resolution color and carbonate analyses, as well as detailed texture analyses, have resulted in a substantial database. The studies show that the loess sediments were subject to a polygenetic development under periglacial conditions reflected in eolian silt and fine sand accumulation, admixture of local material during (mostly solifluidal) redeposition and in situ processes. Horizons with signs of pedogenesis, particularly the two pedocomplexes, document longer phases of stability; the stages of development can be correlated to equivalent sequences and seen as paleoclimatic signals where chronological data are available. The upper pedocomplex is a Chernozem of the early last glacial (MIS 5c–[a?]), which developed in a solifluidal redeposited (MIS 5d) interglacial Cambisol (MIS 5e). Cryosols, typical for MIS 6 sequences, are present in the loess sediment below. The lower pedocomplex formed during several warm stages of varying intensities, with interruptions caused by colluvial processes and admixture of eolian sediment during colder stages.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; micromorphology ; loess ; lower austria ; paudorf ; middle pleistocene ; paleopedology ; landscape formation
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This book attempts to outline the history of gold mining and related subjects like marketing, trading and use of gold from the legendary times until today. The work will not limit itself to the borders of present day Ghana but will have to consider also adjacent areas of today's Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria to put especially the earlier historical developments into their proper context. This History will attempt to piece together not only the technical development of gold mining, but the historical, political and socio-economical pressures which caused and were also generated by the development of the gold mining sector within this geographical area. A disadvantage for the historian digging into West African History is the fact that the peoples dwelling in these areas had not developed written records but rather depended on oral tradition of their history. Systematic attempts to preserve this oral history through taping or writing down were undertaken only over the last 100 to 150 years, in sporadic attempts may be a little earlier. The historical events of the last millenium, i.e. from 1000 A.D. to today can be reconstructed for the first half through the written records overcome by the efforts of the muslim scholars, which in a very scientific manner recorded historical, political, economical and social developments in West Africa and in the sub-Sahelian areas. Over the last 500 years the advent of European traders, missionaries and adventurers produced written records of events they encountered during their more or less long ventures at the shores of the West Coast. Of course, a lot of information they gathered and laid down in their records was based on hear-say sources because only very few adventurers penetrated the hinterlands. Nevertheless, we will realise that all these records, as one-sided and biased they might be in many cases, together with oral tradition culled from the traditional rulers and archeological evidence, can form a quite solid basis for the reconstruction of historic events in West Africa in general and the area of today's Ghana in particular. Completely different is the picture for the earlier times, i.e. before 1000 A.D. for the three millenia back to 2000 B.C. We are very certain that negroid ethnics were populating the West African lands but we do not know where they came from, how they called themselves, which political and socio-economic systems they had developed for themselves and whether or when they perished, migrated away or were absorbed by other negroid ethnic groups who themselves migrated from almost uncertain directions into these tropical rainforests. In short, whilst we can speak of the Bono, Gyaman, Guan, Asante for the last millenium, we can only call the previous inhabitants the black "West-African", sometimes differentiated according to distinct cultures named according to the location of their archeological finds, like Ntereso, Nok, Benin etc. These sites prove the existence of highly developed cultural and technical skills expressed in the overcome artefacts found in the excavations. But the curtain in respect of the true nature, descendancy, sociology of these people, who were the originators and perpetuators of these documented cultures, can not be lifted. Here reflection on the flow of historical events from the ancient times to modern times. Guggisberg's citation We will leave it to you, the esteemed reader to form an opinion on the question: Did the development of the gold mining sector benefit the People of Ghana ?
    Description: I have sighted his estate and processed according to these as his brother. Therefore I am publishing the last works of my brother Dipl. engineer Winfried Peters now, so that his bequest is filled. I have revised this work after best knowledge and conscience. I would be pleased if this work would find a wide audience and would activate to new and further researches.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 622 ; ZU 000 ; Bergbau {Technik} ; Goldbergbau ; Ghana ; Gold Mining ; History ; Geschichte
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , acceptedVersion
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die paläomagnetische Bearbeitung der Mittel- bis Oberpleistozänen Löss-/Paläoboden-Sequenz im Areal der ehemaligen Ziegelei Würzburger in Aschet bei Wels vor. Fünf intensiv entwickelte Paläoböden, bzw. Pedokomplexe wechseln mit dazwischen geschalteten Lößlehmlagen ab. Im Rahmen einer Aufbaggerung konnte ein Profil mit einer Mächtigkeit von über 12 m erschlossen werden. Für die magnetostratigraphischen Laboruntersuchungen im Paläomagnetiklabor der Montanuniversität Leoben wurden insgesamt 587 orientierte Proben entnommen, so dass eine beinahe lückenlose Beprobung vorliegt. Die Proben wurden mit magnetischen Wechselfeldern sowie thermisch abmagnetisiert. Zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Trägerminerale in den Sedimenten wurden Curiepunkt-Bestimmungen durchgeführt, die eine Hauptträgerphase mit einem Curie-Punkt bei ca. 580°C (Magnetit), sowie untergeordnete Anteile von Hämatit mit 670°C Curie-Punkt ergaben. Die magnetischen Parameter zeigen eine Folge von Bereichen mit intensiver Magnetitbildung in den Paläoböden, die dem relativ wärmeren Klima von Interglazialen zugeordnet werden können. Die Mehrzahl der Proben zeigen charakteristische Remanenzrichtungen im Bereich des normalen pleistozänen Erdmagnetfeldes. In einigen Profilabschnitten traten stark abweichende Remanenzrichtungen auf, die auf Exkursionen des Erdmagnetfeldes hinweisen. Die beobachteten Exkursionen im Profil Wels-Aschet werden aufgrund paläopedologischer-pedostratigraphischer Ergebnisse in das Zeitintervall von 570 ka (Emperor - Big Lost - Calabrian Ridge) bis 110 ka (Blake) gestellt. Die Brunhes/Matuyama-Grenze (776 ka) wurde nicht erreicht.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; loess ; pléistocène ; chronostratigraphy ; palaeosol ; upper austria ; magnetic excursion ; rock magnetic properties
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Auf den mittelpleistozänen fluvioglazialen Terrassen der Traun-Enns-Platte in der Region um Wels (Oberösterreich) wurden drei Löss-/Paläobodensequenzen untersucht. Jedes dieser Profile ist für mittelpleistozäne Abfolgen im nordöstlichen Alpenvorland charakteristisch. Die Profile umfassen mächtige Pedokomplexe, welche eine Differenzierung und Einstufung von interglazialen Paläoböden erlauben. Die Löss-/Paläobodensequenz von Oberlaab ist auf der fluvioglazialen Terrasse des Mindel-Glazials im klassischen Sinne entwickelt (Jüngere Deckenschotter) und weist vier interglaziale Paläoböden auf. Diese Tatsache macht eine Einstufung der Jüngeren Deckenschotter mindestens in die fünftletzte Kaltzeit wahrscheinlich (MIS 12). Die Deckschichten auf den Günz-Deckenschottern im klassischen Sinn (Ältere Deckenschotter) beinhalten fünf Paläoböden. Beide Lokalitäten weisen eine sehr intensive Pedogenese in ihrem basalen Pedokomplex auf, die wesentlich ausgeprägter ist, als in den überlagernden Paläoböden. Die pedostratigraphischen Ergebnisse lassen eine Einstufung der Älteren Deckenschotter mindestens ins MIS 16 zu.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; loess ; quaternary stratigraphy ; Wels-Aschet ; Oberlaab ; landscape formation ; palaeosol
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Grain size analyses, bulk and clay mineralogical data were used to characterize weathering within the loess-paleosol-sequence of Oberlaab in Upper Austria. Soil horizons can be clearly identified by the calculation of weathering index Kd from granulometric parameters. The mineralogical composition of the bulk samples shows increasing weathering intensity from the top to the bottom. The weakest weathering stage 1 is not present in Oberlaab, because all samples are free of carbonate minerals. Weathering stage 2 can be found in the upper part of the profile, whereas stage 3 is mainly present in the lowermost horizons. The highest weathering stages 4 and 5 are not present in Oberlaab. The clay mineral distribution in the profile is dominated by the disappearance of primary chlorite in the upper part of the profile and the neoformation of vermiculites from illite by pedogenesis in the lower part. Two different types of mixed layer minerals were found in the pedocomplexes. An illite/chlorite mixed layer mineral occurs following the disappearance of chlorite and is present in the Eemian luvisol. The second mixed layer mineral consists of illite/vermiculite and is present in the whole profile. The weathering stages obtained from the clay mineral composition are slightly lower than that of bulk mineralogy, but reach as well stage 3 in the lower part of the profile.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; paleosols ; clay minerals ; vermiculite ; secondary chlorite ; weathering index Kd
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Springer
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: ‘Transgovernance: Advancing Sustainability Governance’ analyses what implications recent and ongoing changes in the relations between politics, science and media – together characterized as the emergence of a knowledge democracy – may have for governance for sustainable development, on global and other levels of societal decision making, and vice versa: How can the discussion on sustainable development contribute to a knowledge democracy? How can concepts such as second modernity, reflexivity, configuration theory, (meta)governance theory and cultural theory contribute to a ‘transgovernance’ approach which goes beyond mainstream sustainability governance? This volume presents contributions from various angles: international relations, governance and metagovernance theory, (environmental) economics and innovation science. It offers challenging insights regarding institutions and transformation processes, and into the paradigms behind contemporary sustainability governance. This book gives the sustainability governance debate a new context. It transforms classical questions into new options for societal decision making and identifies starting points and strategies aimed at effective governance of transitions to sustainability.
    Language: English
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  • 45
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Financial Crises, Sovereign Risk and the Role of Institutions
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The concerns about tax haven activity shown by leading nations originate not only from a sense of injustice caused by the fact that tax havens allow multi-billion dollar firms such as Google, Starbucks and Apple to pay only a few pennies in taxes but the notion that tax haven activity fuels international financial instability through various avenues. This contribution evaluates the risk of financial collapse or liquidity crisis to tax havens in general. It shows that tax havens are more exposed to the risk of a financial collapse than non-tax havens and that this risk positively depends on the amount of profits shifted to them. We find that the risk of a tax haven collapse is positively related to the corporate tax rate and MNCs are willing to make more daring investments in tax havens the higher corporate tax rates. However, MNCs take the risk of losing their investments due to a financial collapse into account and hence invest only a fraction of their profits in tax havens.
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    In:  Soils of Urban, Industrial, Traffic, Mining and Military Areas. SUITMA 7. Abstracts
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The recognition of soils and their functions by the public and, in particular, the planning community isgenerally poor. However, conversion of soils to urban uses is occurring at an unprecedented rate dueto an increasing share of the population living in urban areas and changing lifestyles. Urban planners,developers and planning agencies allocate urban lands to varying uses but land use decisions aregenerally not based on soil information as urban growth is managed predominantly for economicdevelopment. However, urban areas must also deal with challenges such as demographic change,urban densification, climate change and infrastructure provision. Thus, managing urban sustainabilityhas to include ecological aside economic, cultural, and political dimensions. Urban developmentneeds to be managed to minimize negative impacts and maximize environmental quality. Policydecisions towards maximizing short-term economic benefits must be balanced by decisions towardssustainable use and management of urban soils as urban land use has long-term consequences. Therecognition of soils by the planning community can particularly be improved by highlighting the valueof urban soil functions for the well-being of urban dwellers. This approach was recommended at thedialogue session ’Urbanization: Challenges to Soil Management‘ during the first Global Soil Week2012 in Berlin, Germany. Further suggestions how to raise the awareness about urban soils and howto deal with challenges regarding their management will be presented.
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  • 47
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    In:  The Asahi Shimbun AJW, January 27, 2013
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    In:  Transgovernance: advancing sustainability governance
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Truth is always concrete, as are emergencies. If truth and reliability of good decisions is what, in general, nourishes change and the readiness of people to trust in transformation, emergency response should be at the heart of this. Responding to emergency situations is about immediate decisions and action. If carried out incorrectly or badly performed, it not only fails in substance, but is likely to destroy and delegitimise any further attempts to transform constraints and contingencies which have caused the emergency situation in the first place. Neither the recent debates on international environmental governance nor those focusing on the multilateral governance framework for sustainable development, emphasise the issue of emergency response. This reluctance is most likely due to the fact that dealing with emergency control is still regarded as a strictly national task. This article believes that this approach is inadequate. It argues that the character of emergencies is changing. Whereas conventional emergencies are mostly local, it is clear that limited and calculable nuclear accidents and the adverse effects of climate change, demonstrate that the modern generation of emergencies has the potential to surpass geographic limits, national borders and to be long term. Therefore, this article argues that emergency control may have an important role in clustering change processes and transition efforts, at least under certain conditions and whilst framed by the concept of transgovernance.
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    In:  IISD: SDG Knowledge Hub; Commentary
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: STORY HIGHLIGHTSA little bit more than a year ago, delegates of the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD or Rio+20) agreed that they would “strive to achieve a land-degradation-neutral world in the context of sustainable development.”
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  • 50
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Transgovernance: advancing sustainability governance
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The chapter argues for a lecture of the notion of development as strongly linked to the uneven distribution of material and non-material sources of power among groups. It thus analyses the rise of a public environmentalist awareness in the late twentieth century as a challenge to the capitalist pattern of production and consumption. Finally, the chapter aims to shed some light on the process of mainstreaming these claims by subsuming them within the western model of societal transformation, under the new, catchy label of sustainable development. Pressing for institutional solutions to environmental depletion has meant to further spread the sustainability goal worldwide. On the other hand, it has also implied a kind of betrayal of the truly transformative instances of many social movements and local communities, which were seeking for a revolutionary, rather than reformative, path to societal change.
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  • 51
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    In:  Transgovernance: advancing sustainability governance
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: It seems intuitive to identify boundaries of an earth system which is increasingly threatened by human activities. Being aware of and hence studying boundaries may be necessary for effective governance of sustainable development. Can the planetary boundaries function as useful ‘warning signs’ in this respect? The answer presented in the article is: yes; but. It is argued that these boundaries cannot be described exclusively by scientific knowledge-claims. They have to be identified by science-society or transdisciplinary deliberations. The discussion of governance challenges related to the concept concludes with two main recommendations: to better institutionalise integrative transdisciplinary assessment processes along the lines of the interconnected nature of the planetary boundaries, and to foster cross-sectoral linkages in order to institutionalise more integrative and yet context sensitive governance arrangements. These insights are briefly confronted with options for institutional reform in the context of the Rio + 20 process. If humankind will not manage a transition towards sustainability, its ‘safe operating space’ continues shrinking. Governance arrangements for such ‘systems at risk’ may then be, first, more ‘forceful’ and, second, may run counter to our understanding of ‘open societies’. It is not very realistic that the world is prepared to achieve the first, and it is not desirable to get the effects of the latter. Scholars and practitioners of sustainability may find this a convincing argument to act now.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    In:  Transgovernance: advancing sustainability governance
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In the 20 years since the United Nations summit on sustainable development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the world has become more diverse, turbulent, fast and multi-polar. Tensions between old and new forms of politics, science and media, representing the emergence of what has been framed as the knowledge democracy, have brought about new challenges for sustainability governance. However, the existing governance frameworks seem to deny this social complexity and uncertainty. They also favour centralised negotiations and institutions, view governments as exclusive decision makers, and imply hegemony of Western economic, political and cultural principles. This is also reflected in the language of sustainability governance: it is centralist and is referring to monolithic concepts (the economy, the climate, the Earth System) rather than embracing diversity and complexity. This chapter sheds light on the problematic relations between cultural diversity, sustainable development and governance. These three concepts share a normative character, which is always a good predictor of trouble if interaction takes place. It is argued that the implementation deficit of sustainable development can be traced back to three problems: a neglect of the opportunities which cultural diversity offers, an implicit preference for central top-down political solutions, and an underestimation of the ‘wickedness’ of many sustainability challenges. It is concluded that sustainability governance should be more culturally sensitive, reflexive and dynamic. This requires institutions, instruments, processes, and actor involvement based on compatibility of values and traditions rather than on commonality or integration. It also calls for situationally effective combinations of ideas from hierarchical, network and market governance. This implies an approach beyond traditional forms of governance, towards a culturally sensitive metagovernance for sustainable development, beyond disciplinary scientific research, beyond states and other existing institutional borders, beyond existing ways to measure progress, beyond linear forms of innovation, and beyond cultural integration or assimilation, towards looking for compatibility. Governance for sustainable transformations requires what we have framed in this volume as transgovernance.
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    In:  GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Solar radiation management(SRM), a subset of approaches to climate engineering, aims to manipulate the global climate on a large scale. It includes techniques like spraying sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere or brightening marine clouds to reflect more sunlight back into space. In an attempt to examine the socio-political context of SRM, research frequently starts from model projections of physi cal changes in the environment. But assessing socio-political matters is complex, and while model projections may help, experiences from research on CO2-induced climate change reveal many blind spots and some unique challenges.
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  • 55
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    In:  Transgovernance: advancing sustainability governance
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In the late 1960s a debate about the long-term feasibility and desirability of economic growth as a one-size-fits-all economic policy emerged. It was argued that economic growth was one of the underlying causes of ecological and social problems faced by humanity. The issue remained strongly disputed until the inception of the Sustainable Development discourse by which the debate was politically settled. Nevertheless, given that many ecological and social problems remain unsolved and some have become even more severe, there are renewed calls for the abandoning of the economic growth commitment, particularly in already affluent countries. This chapter summarises the growth debate hitherto and examines two alternatives, the steady-state economy proposed by Herman Daly and economic de-growth proposed by Serge Latouche. In spite of recent disputes between the Anglo-Saxon steady-state school and the emerging continental de-growth school, it is argued, consistent with recent contributions on the issue, that steady-state and de-growth are not mutually exclusive but inevitably complements. The steady-state has the advantage of comprehensive theoretical elaboration, while de-growth has the advantage of an attractive political slogan which has re-opened the debate on the issue. Latouche is also a social thinker who gives a voice to the critiques of economic growth contained in the notion of development from outside Europe and the United States. The steady-state economy, and de-growth are held by some analysts to be beyond what is politically feasible. Although this argument is valid, it fails to recognise that past desirable societal changes were made possible through reflexive societal processes conducive to collective action and institutional change. It is concluded that the debate must ultimately rest in the physical quantities that a given economy needs for the ‘good life’ in the long run, how to decide on these quantities, how to achieve them, and how to maintain an approximate global steady-state. Finally, some recommendations for further research along with some reflections on the potential role of scholars are provided.
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  • 56
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    In:  Soils of Urban, Industrial, Traffic, Mining and Military Areas. SUITMA 7. Abstracts
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The urban ecosystem and its ecosystem services (ESs) are managed for the wellbeing of urbandwellers. Thus, sustainable urban development depends on ESs aside economic, cultural and politicaldimensions. Soils play a central role in the urban ecosystem as they fulfill various functions andprovide several ESs. In urban areas, they are usually built to perform specific functions and providespecific ESs, e.g., (i) supporting buildings, roads and infrastructure; (ii) waste adsorption; (iii)supporting biomass production for green infrastructure and urban agriculture; (iv) filter, buffer andtransformation of contaminants; (v) regulating air and water quality; (vi) supporting nutrient cycling.In urban areas, some soils may be strongly modified by human activities, which changes theircomposition and functions, and, therefore, their ability to provide ESs. Urban soils and, moregenerally, SUITMAs (soils in urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas) may fulfill individuallya smaller number of ESs, smaller than those of natural soils outside of urban areas. Secondary andincidental ESs, if not disservices, may also be performed by SUITMAs.In this paper, we attempt to rank SUITMAs, according to the ESs they provide. Focus is made onthe nature of services, their importance and the number of services provided by each soil type. Workis also assigned to assess the extent to which urban soils can be deliberately altered to enhance ESs.After the tentative classification of soils, two examples will be given, i) sealed soil deemed tocomplete only few functions and provide specific services, and ii) soils of green-roofs designed toprovide a wide range of ESs, including particularly the control of the quality of air and water, thetemperature control, and the moderation of biodiversity loss.In conclusion, focus is to turn the attention towards the recognition of SUITMAs and theirmanagement as basis for the sustainable development of the urban ecosystem.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    In:  X. Conference “Policies Against Hunger”
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 59
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    In:  Transatlantic Perspectives, 02.05.2013
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 61
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    In:  Transgovernance: advancing sustainability governance
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Sustainable development is all over the place. The concept is broad and vague. The vagueness of the concept has a Janus face. It has been called a unifying concept because its vagueness breeds a consensus that might be utilised later on. Vagueness is an asset if it triggers action. On the other hand, if sustainable development is everything, maybe it is nothing… Although – or maybe because – the concept is vague, it has overwhelming appeal on political agendas, programmes and dialogues. The precautionary principle is the nucleus of a powerful moral imperative. The multidimensional nature of the concept, covering ecological, economic and social aspects of change relates to our needs for integration. Sustainable development as a concept bears a persuasive character. Actors of all kinds may contribute to it, citizens, enterprises, NGOs, governments et cetera. Thinking about the governance of sustainable development leads us to the recognition of a multi-level, multi-scale, multi-disciplinary character of the problematique. Moreover, the term development refers to change, to transitions and transformations. Governance of sustainable development therefore has to cope with complex dynamics. This chapter deals with the specific consequences of sustainability governance inside knowledge democracies. The concept of knowledge democracy sheds new light on the emerging relationships between politics, media and science. It shows how the emergence of participatory democracy besides representative democracy, the revolutionary rise of social media besides corporate media, the emergence of transdisciplinary trajectories besides classical disciplinary science lead to explosions of complex interactions. We will digress upon the variety of possible future variants of knowledge democracies, quiet and turbulent ones, in relation to the quest for sustainable development. Our main conclusion will be that strategies for sustainability may vary with the types of knowledge democracies around.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The concept of boundary work has been put forward as an analytical approach towards the study of interactions between science and policy. While the concept has been useful as a case-study approach, there are several weaknesses and constraints when using the concept in a more systemic analysis of the interactions between knowledge production and sustainable development decision-making at the international level, such as its inability to capture the diversity of institutions involved in such boundary work. Another inability involves a lack of conceptualisation of the impacts of the specific conditions of intergovernmental decision-making, such as rules for representation and the mode of negotiation. This chapter suggests complementing the concept of boundary work with a configuration approach based on a two-dimensional conceptualisation of the boundary space in international decision-making that allows the positioning of institutions with regard to their degree of politicisation and their position in terms of national and regional representation. Such an approach could be a useful guide in the further conceptualisation and application of the boundary concept.
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  • 63
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    In:  Transgovernance: advancing sustainability governance
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In this chapter, the Summary and Recommendations are included of the first report of the TransGov project of IASS, Potsdam, authored by Roeland J. in ’t Veld. For this report the contributions to this volume were used as source of inspiration.
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  • 64
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    Geozon Science Media
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Die Lokalität Schwalbenberg bei Remagen am Mittelrhein erschließt ein sehr vollständiges Profil durch den letztglazialen Löss mit drei Großgliedern. Gut gegliedert sind der Löss der Keldach-Formation (Früh-Weichsel/Würm-Hochglazial, MIS 4) mit einem Interstadial-Boden und der Löss der Ahrgau-Formation (Mittelweichsel/-Würm-Interstadial-Komplex, MIS 3) mit acht Interstadial-Böden. Den Abschluss nach oben bildet weniger gut gliederbarer Löss des Jung-Weichsel/Würm-Hochglazials. Zu bereits veröffentlichten organischen Kohlenstoff (Corg)- und Phosphor-Kurven einer ersten Profilaufnahme, Schwalbenberg I, präsentiert dieser Text Daten des Profils Schwalbenberg II: AMS 14C-Datierungen, Korngrößen, Corg- und Karbonatgehalt. Die Korngrößen spiegeln die Dreigliederung wider mit Grobsilt-ärmerem Keldach-Löss, schwankendem Siltgehalt im Ahrgau-Löss und Grobsilt-reicherem Jungwürmlöss. Auch im Karbonatgehalt spiegelt sie sich mit Karbonat-ärmerem Keldach-Löss, schwankenden Gehalten im Ahrgau-Löss und Karbonat-reicherem Jungwürmlöss. Die neun interstadialen Böden erweisen sich durch Corg-Gipfel und Karbonat-Minima vereinigt mit pedogener Zonierung bodenintern von oben nach unten als autochthone Böden. Alle Nassböden zeigen Karbonatmaxima. Der Vergleich der Corg-Kurve mit der der δ18O-Kurve des jahrring-zonierten grönländischen Eiskerns GISP 2 zeigt für die Ahrgau-Formation – wie früher schon die Kurven vom Schwalbenberg I – erneut nach Kurvenrhythmik und Magnitude hohe Gleichläufigkeit des Klimaverlaufes zu den Grönland-Interstadialen 17 bis 5. Nummerische Daten vom Schwalbenberg II unterstützen das weitgehend. Zur Frage, ob die Grenze Mittel-/Oberwürm (MIS 3/MIS 2) nach dem obersten braunen Boden (Sinzig 3-Boden) oder wenig höher mit der Hesbaye-Diskordanz zu ziehen ist, sprechen die meisten lithologischen und die chronologischen Kriterien für die Grenzziehung an der Hesbaye-Diskordanz. Ansonsten ist der Schwalbenberg unter den gut vergleichbaren Lössprofilen im westlichen Europa bisher das am detailliertesten gegliederte MIS 3-Profil. Reicher gegliedert sind nur Lössprofile des kontinentaler geprägten Raumes in der nordöstlichen Karpatenregion und in Sibirien.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; carbonate ; grain size ; loess stratigraphy ; TOC
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Anhand von 18 Kurzkernen aus der Talsperre Lehnmühle (Inbetriebnahme 1932) im Osterzgebirge (Deutschland) wurden mittels mikrofaziellen und hochauflösenden μ-XRF Scanning Verfahren Auswirkungen des extremen Augusthochwassers 2002 auf den Sedimenteintrag untersucht. Fast über den gesamten Talsperrenboden hinweg wurde eine für die gesamte Sedimentsequenz einmalig markante detritische Lage detektiert, welche eine Mächtigkeit von 5 mm an der Staumauer bis 33 mm nahe dem Zufluss misst. Die eingetragene Sedimentmenge dieser Lage wird auf ca. 2.400 Tonnen geschätzt, wovon etwa zwei Drittel im südlich-zentralen Teil des Beckens (ca. 32 % der Gesamtfläche) abgelagert wurden, begründet durch die Beckenmorphologie und die Lage zum Zufluss. Feine Silt- und Tonpartikel wurden dagegen vornehmlich weiter in Richtung Staumauer transportiert, forciert durch eine ständige Wasserströmung durch das Staubecken. Eine erhöhte Akkumulation von detritischem Material in einer seitlichen Bucht zeigt, dass Sedimente nicht nur durch den Hauptzufluss eingetragen wurden, sondern ebenfalls durch Oberflächenabfluss in nicht ständig wasserführenden Rinnen um die Talsperre herum. Neben der markanten Lage des Jahres 2002, wurden 22 weitere, mikroskopisch dünne detritische Lagen in den Sedimentkernen nachgewiesen, die meisten im Profundalbereich nahe der Staumauer. Eine Chronologie der detritischen Lagen wurde an drei 137Cs datierten Kernsequenzen erstellt und durch detaillierte Korrelation mittels vier lithologischer Marker auf die übrigen Kerne übertragen. Der Vergleich mit instrumentellen Abflussdaten des Hauptzuflusses zeigt, dass während der letzten drei Jahrzehnte 64 % von insgesamt 22 Hochwasserereignissen mit einem Tagesabfluss 〉 8 m3s-1 in die Ablagerung von detritischem Material resultierten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; lake sediments ; flood events ; detrital layers ; microfacies analysis ; eastern Erzgebirge ; water supply reservoir
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Im Einzugsgebiet des ‘Giessenbaches’ (Nördliche Kalkalpen, NKA) lagerte sich eine mächtige Sedimentabfolge während bis wenig nach dem Zerfall des hochglazialen Eispanzers ab. Das Einzugsgebiet liegt auf gestörten, geklüfteten triassischen Dolomitgesteinen. Die quartäre Abfolge besteht aus, (a) aufgearbeitetem Till mit Leitgeschieben des Letzten Glazialen Maximums (LGM), (b) alluvialen Kiesen, die vom Dolomitgesteins-Untergrund gespeist wurden, (c) Decklagen von Flusssedimenten auf Terrassen, und (d) grossen Schutthalden. Die ehemalige (Vor-LGM) obere Hälfte des Giessenbach-Laufs ist noch heute ein trockenes, erhöhtes Tal das wesentlich durch spätglaziale bis holozäne Sedimente verfüllt ist. Der heutige Giessenbach zeigt ein konvexes Längsprofil mit einer Klamm im Unterlauf; diese Klamm war wahrscheinlich teilweise durch Toteis versperrt während die Sedimentation der Eiszerfallsphase bereits eingesetzt hatte. Außer glazial überformten Felsflächen und ehemaligen Nunatakkern ist die heutige Morphologie des Einzugsgebiets im wesentlichen bestimmt durch (a) einen ‚Schub‘ sehr rascher Sedimentation vom Eiszerfall bis ins ?frühe Spätglazial, gefolgt von (b) Hangstabilisierung durch Bewachsung, und Einschneiden von Gerinnen. Die rasche Sedimentation wurde durch den Untergrund aus tektonisch verformtem Dolomitgestein gefördert, das unter reichlicher Schuttbildung abwittert. Ähnliche Verläufe von rapider Sedimentation vom Eiszerfall bis zum Spätglazial hin zu einem längeren Zeitabschnitt vorwiegend mit Einschneiden von Gerinnen sind in den NKA weit verbreitet.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late glacial ; erosion ; sedimentation ; alps ; Eastern Alps ; deglacial ; paraglacial
    Language: English
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The route of the field trip described in this excursion guide follows a section through Germany from North to South, from the area of the Northern glaciation, to the Alpine glacial advances. It includes several places of historical importance, where milestones in Quaternary research have been achieved in the past, as well as new interesting sites where results of recent research is presented.
    Description: excursionguide
    Keywords: 551 ; V 000 ; VCA 520 ; Geologische Wissenschaften ; Quartärgeologie ; coastal evolution; Rügen ; Geopark Mecklenburg Ice Age Landscape ; tourism ; quaternary ; Halle ; Main ; sedimentology ; landslide ; natural hazards ; danube ; rhine ; pleistocene ; holocene ; geology
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Eine klassische weichselspätglaziale Lokalität ist die kleine Toteishohlform des Niedersees, welche direkt an der südöstlichen Küste der Halbinsel Jasmund (Rügen, Ostsee) aufgeschlossen ist. Neue Studien wurden durchgeführt, bei denen sich die sedimentäre Abfolge des Niedersees als ein hervorragendes Archiv für paläoökologische/-klimatische Rekonstruktionen erwies, wodurch detaillierte Aussagen zur regionalen Vegetationsgeschichte sowie zum regionalen Klima und Milieu während des Weichselspätglazials und auch teilweise für das Holozäns möglich sind. Mit Hilfe der Pollenstratigraphie, AMS 14C-Datierungen und dem Nachweis der Laacher See Tephra konnte die sedimentäre Abfolge in die bestehende Quartärstratigraphie eingehängt werden; als Besonderheit ist hier das quasi gesamte Weichselspätglazial vollständig aufgeschlossen. Die Sedimentation beginnt schon im ausgehenden Weichselhochglazial und dauert zunächst bis zum Präboreal an (~15.000–~10.000 Jahre v. H.) und ist vor allem durch Ablagerungen eines kleinen, flachen Sees charakterisiert. Änderungen im Wasserhaushalt führten letztendlich während des Präboreals zu einem Hiatus. Eine letztmalige Vernässung des Standorts führte im Atlantikum zur Entwicklung eines kalkigen Niedermoors. Die sich ergänzenden Analysen der verschiedenen und vielfältigen Organismenreste des Niedersees (z. B. Pollen, Ostracoden, Mollusken, Makroreste von Pflanzen etc.), erlaubten in sehr detaillierter Weise Änderungen im Klima und deren Auswirkungen auf das Habitat zu erfassen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; climate ; weichselian late glacial ; Northern Germany ; pollen ; multi-proxy studies ; rügen
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Financed by the MAVA Foundation (Switzerland), the Michael Succow Foundation (MSF), in cooperation with various experts from Azerbaijan, conducted a detailed gap analysis of potential future protected areas in Azerbaijan. This report presents the results of this project and constitutes a part of the strategy of the MSF: to provide sound background information on the biological value and its further potential for protection in Azerbaijan. From the very beginning of the foundation’s engagement in Azerbaijan nine years ago, the sciencebased protection of landscapes and species has been the main focus of our work in the country.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 333.7 ; QA 000 ; Geographie ; nature conservation ; Azerbaijan ; succow ; biodiversity ; ecology ; geology ; environmental policy ; coast ; mountain
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Gegenstand dieser Studie ist die würm-spätglaziale und holozäne Talentwicklung am Zusammenfluss von Lech und Donau im Nördlichen Alpenvorland. Die morphologischen Formen im Untersuchungsgebiet wurden mit Hilfe von Geländekartierungen und digitalen Geländemodellen aufgenommen. Die Ablagerungen beider Flüsse wurden in zahlreichen Aufschlüssen untersucht und deren Alter mit Radiokarbon- sowie Lumineszenzdatierungen bestimmt. Daneben wurden auch archäologische Daten und historische Karten genutzt, um die Altersstellung der einzelnen Terrassen einzugrenzen. Im Untersuchungsgebiet bildet eine spätglaziale Niederterrasse die älteste Flussterrasse innerhalb des Talbodens, die allerdings nur im Donautal unterhalb der Lechmündung erhalten ist. In beiden Tälern sind präboreale bis boreale Terrassenflächen nur kleinräumig verbreitet, während ein Sockelschotter gleichen Alters weiträumig unter jüngeren Ablagerungen anzutreffen ist. Atlantische Flussbettablagerungen sind im Untersuchungsgebiet nicht zu finden. Dagegen dominieren subboreale und subatlantische Terrassen das Lechmündungsgebiet. Die heutigen Flussläufe von Lech und Donau werden von bis zu sechs subatlantischen Terrassen begleitet. Deren Verbreitung und morphologisches Erscheinungsbild verweist im Donautal oberhalb der Lechmündung auf einen mäandrierenden Flusslauf, die der jüngsten Lechterrasse auf ein verzweigtes Gerinnebettmuster. Unterhalb der Lechmündung treten dagegen Übergangsformen beider Flussgrundrisstypen auf.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; lech ; holocene ; danube ; alpine foreland ; fluvial deposits ; lateglacial ; valley development
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In Petäjäselka (Nord-Finnland) wurde ein geschichtetes Sedimentpaket mit einer zwischengeschalteten Organiklage nachgewiesen, welches in Till der Grundmoräne eingebettet war. Die Grundmoräne hatte eine Mächtigkeit von 3 m und wurde von einem Moor überlagert. Durch Rammkernbohrungen war dann eine 1–15 cm mächtige Organiklage nachweisbar, die in Tiefen von 5.5–6.0 m jeweils in Sanden eingebettet war. Der organische Horizont ist durch eine Pinus-Betula-Gemeinschaft und ein absolutes Alter von 35,300 ± 600 BP (14C) gekennzeichnet. Die unterlagernden Sande wurden an zwei Lokalitäten per OSL auf Alter von 72.6 ± 21.3 ka und 58.1 ± 17.0 ka datiert. Für den überlagernden Sand wurde per OSL an einer der Lokalitäten ein Alter von 31.8 ± 5.6 ka bestimmt. Den Datierungsergebnissen zufolge repräsentieren die in den Till eingebetten Sande mit dem Organikhorizont ein Interstadial des Mittel-Weichsel. Desweiteren lässt sich daraus für Nord-Finnland eine eisfreie Phase während des Mittel-Weichsels im Zentrum des Skandinavischen Eisschildes ableiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; quaternary ; interstadial ; glacial stratigraphy ; finland ; Middle Weichselian
    Language: English
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  • 72
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    Geozon Science Media
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; INQUA ; Congress
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über neu datierte Abschnitte in bekannten Löss/Paläoboden-Sequenzen Niederösterreichs. Die Ergebnisse der Datierungen im Profil Joching deuten darauf hin, dass es im letzten Hochglazial zur Lösssedimentation kam. Die meisten erfassten Alter sind jedoch älter als das letzte Hochglazial, was auf Erosionsprozesse hindeutet, die zur Abtragung der jüngeren Lösse geführt hat. In dem Abschnitt zwischen ~28 ka and ~35 ka wurden überwiegend Tundragleye gebildet. Eine intensivere interstadiale Bodenbildung ist nicht nachzuweisen. Dieses Ergebnis kann auch für die stratigraphische Einstufung von ‚Stillfried B‘ (sensu Fink) von Bedeutung sein. Der folgende chronologische Abschnitt liegt zwischen ~35 ka and ~57 ka in Lösssedimenten mit eingeschalteten Tundragleyen. Auch dieser Abschnitt ist durch Umlagerungsprozesse charakterisiert. Im Zeitraum von ~57 ka bis ~106 ka befindet sich eine markante Zeitlücke, die vermutlich auf langandauernde und intensive Erosionsprozesse im Untersuchungsgebiet zurückzuführen ist. Die älteste Datierung in den Sedimenten des letzten Glazials mit 106 ± 12 ka befindet sich in Paudorf direkt über dem ‚Stillfried A‘- Komplex (Paudorfer Bodenbildung). Direkt unter diesem Pedokomplex, bzw. vergleichbaren Pedokomplexen treten in Lössablagerungen Alter von 124 ± 2 5 ka (Göttweig-Aigen), 159 ± 20 ka (Paudorf 1), and 170 ± 16 ka (Joching) auf. Darüber hinausgehende Alter konnten in Stratzing, Paudorf 2, Göttweig-Furth und Langenlois nachgewiesen werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; loess ; lower austria ; langenlois ; paudorf ; göttweig ; luminescence dating ; Joching ; Stratzing
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Geoarchäologische Untersuchungen im Bereich eines glazigenen Solls verweisen auf den holozänen menschlichen Einfluss auf einer Grundmoränenplatte in Vorpommern in prähistorischer und historischer Zeit sowie dessen geomorphologische Rückkopplung. Die basale sedimentäre Füllung der untersuchten Depression besteht aus Torf, Mudde und Verlandungstorf und spiegelt früh- bis mittelholozäne hydrologische Schwankungen wider. Die obere Sequenz von wechselnden Kolluvien und organogenen Schichten deutet auf einen variierenden menschlichen Einfluss im Laufe der Zeit hin. Absolute AMS 14C-Datierungen von begrabenen Torfen und Mineralbodenhorizonten mit zum Teil erhöhten Anteilen organischer Substanz, abgesichert durch palynologische und archäologische Daten, belegen zwischenzeitliche Phasen von Oberflächenstabilität. Hingegen reflektieren die kolluvialen Sande Phasen erhöhter prähistorischer und historischer Besiedlung und Landnutzung. Die Sande können zum einen relativ durch die organogenen Schichten datiert und zum anderen zu den benachbarten archäologischen Funden in Beziehung gebracht werden. Erhöhte Erosionsprozesse werden demnach in das späte Neolithikum, den Übergang späte Bronzezeit zur frühen Eisenzeit, das Mittelalter und letztendlich in die Moderne gestellt. Die Akkumulation des jüngsten Kolluviums führt im Randbereich des Solls zur völligen Verfüllung bis an die rezente Oberfläche.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; vorpommern ; holocene ; soil erosion ; human impact ; till plain ; kettle-hole
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Eine Übersicht der aktuellen stratigraphischen Bezeichnungen für die quartäre Schichtenfolge Südbayerns wird gegeben, wie sie am Geologischen Dienst des Bayerischen Landesamts für Umwelt in Verwendung ist. Unterschiedliche stratigraphische Gliederungsansätze für kontinentale Quartärablagerungen werden vorgestellt und die klimatostratigraphische Einteilung sowie die Terrassenstratigraphie als in Bayern meistverwendete Varianten näher ausgeführt. Die Beschreibung der zugehörigen, bisher informellen Einheiten bezweckt eine Dokumentation des jeweiligen Stands der Verwendung und kann womöglich formelle Definitionen vorbereiten. Die klimatostratigraphischen Einheiten sollen den gesamten Zeitraum des Quartärs lückenlos abdecken und vertreten derzeit Überregionale, formelle Stufenbezeichnungen. In Bayern wird weiterhin die klassische Gliederung nach Penck & Brückner (1901–1909) mit ihren Erweiterungen verwendet. Neue Erkenntnisse über eine stärkere Gliederung des Eiszeitalters durch untergeordnete Kalt- und Warmphasen werden in dieses System integriert. Für diese Gliederung des Quartärs in Südbayern ausschlaggebend sind zum Einen die Terrassentreppen, deren zeitliche Interpretation eine Grundlage der sogenannten Morphostratigraphie bildet. Die zweite Grundlage bilden Endmoränengirlanden, die mit den davon ausgehenden Terrassen glazial-glazifluviale Sequenzen (‚Glaziale Serien’) bilden. Neben der ausführlichen Dokumentation der Terrassen-Einheiten, werden deshalb auch verschiedene Endmoränen-Gliederungen vorgestellt. Weitere Nomenklaturen, die auf anderen Kriterien beruhen oder zu anderen chronologischen Einstufungen gelangen, sind für Bayern oder in den angrenzenden Ländern in Gebrauch. Auch die beschriebenen stratigraphischen Gliederungen werden nicht von allen Bearbeitern in gleicher Weise verwendet. Die Dokumentation der derzeitigen Verwendung soll eine Abstimmung dieser Nomenklaturen im Interesse der Nutzer fördern.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; germany ; alpine foreland ; quaternary stratigraphy ; terrace stratigraphy ; climate stratigraphy ; moraine stratigraphy ; Southern Bavaria
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Es wird ein Überblick über die in Österreich verwendete Quartär-Stratigraphie gegeben. Die stratigraphische Gliederung der kartierbaren Sedimenteinheiten basiert teilweise auf Kriterien der Lithostratigraphie (lithologischer Eigenschaften) und jenen der Allostratigraphie (z.B. Diskonitinuitäten). Für das Altpleistozän (2.58–0.78 Ma) fehlen bis jetzt Spuren einer Vergletscherung. Die wenigen und isolierten Sedimentvorkommen belegen fluviatile Akkumulation und Lössablagerung in der Umgebung der Flüsse. Paläomagnetisch korrelierte Löss-Paläoboden – Sequenzen wie das Profil Stranzendorf mit der Gauss/Matuyama – Grenze bzw. Neogen/Quartär – Grenze dokumentieren in Übereinstimmung mit den globalen δ18O Werten etwas wärmere Bedingungen als im Mittelpleistozän (0.78–0.13 Ma). Vier Großvergletscherungen (Günz, Mindel, Riß und Würm) sind für Mittelpleistozän und Jungpleistozän belegt. Diese sind mit Sedimenten aus der Vorstoßphase überlagert von Grundmoräne, Endmoränen im Alpenvorland und damit verknüpfte Terrassenschüttungen sowie Lössakkumulation dokumentiert. Daraus ist die klimagesteuerte Sedimentation im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorstoß der Gletscher, der Ausbreitung des Permafrostes und der Frostschuttbildung bis ins Vorland erkennbar. Die jüngsten Großvergletscherungen Riß und Würm werden aufgrund geochronologischer Daten mit den Marinen Isotopenstufen (MIS) 6 und 2 korreliert. Für Günz und Mindel scheint eine Gleichzeitigkeit mit den Phasen massiver globaler Klimaverschlechterung während MIS 16 und MIS 12 plausibel. Dokumente für die schwächeren Glaziale wurden bisher nur in Lössprofilen (z.B. Krems Schießstätte) gefunden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; glaciation ; glacial deposits ; stratigraphy ; quaternary ; alps ; middle pleistocene ; early pleistocene ; late pleistocene ; landscape evolution
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Anhand zweier Profile aus dem Niederrheingebiet wird die Komplexität der Genese und Chronologie letztinterglazialer bis früh-weichselzeitlicher Löss-Paläoboden-Sequenzen diskutiert. Die untersuchten Profile wurden in den Braunkohletagebauen Inden und Garzweiler aufgenommen und sind mit mittelpaläolithischen Fundkomplexen verknüpft. Erstmalig werden dabei Multi-Element-Analysen neben Lumineszenz-Datierungen an Quarzen (ITL, OSL) aus niederrheinischen Lössprofilen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse offenbaren große Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich einer stratigraphischen und paläoklimatischen Interpretation von polygenetisch uüberprägten Sediment- und Paläobodensequenzen. Eine bedeutende Rolle nimmt dabei auch die Reliefposition in Verbindung mit der Morphogenese des Paläoreliefs ein, die in höherem Maße als bisher berücksichtigt werden sollte.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; lower rhine area ; loess stratigraphy ; last interglacial ; pedocomplexes ; multi element analysis ; luminescence chronology ; Lower Weichselian
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Während der letzten ~100 ka Glazial-Interglazial-Zyklen war die Konzentration des Treibhausgases CO2 in der Atmosphäre eng mit der globalen Temperatur gekoppelt. Die Gründe fuür die CO2 Konzentrationsschwankungen wurden bislang vor allem im Ozean vermutet, bleiben aber rätselhaft. Darüberhinaus gibt es nur spekulative Erklärungsansätze für den mittelpleistozänen Übergang von den 41 ka Eiszeitzyklen im Frühpleistozän vor ~0.7 Ma zu den ~100 ka Eiszeitzyklen danach. Die klassische Milankovitch Theorie der Sommerinsolation in hohen nördlichen Breiten kann die Abfolge der pleistozänen Eiszeiten nicht vollständig erklären. Basierend auf jüngsten Erkenntnissen, dass die Menge des organischen Bodenkohlenstoffs in Permafrostgebieten massiv unterschätzt wurde, und der simplen Logik, dass Permafrostgebiete und die entsprechende Kohlenstoffspeicherung in den Eiszeiten vermutlich wesentlich größer waren als in den Warmzeiten, soll hier eine „Permafrost Hypothese“ vorgestellt werden: (i) Langsame Anreicherung von Kohlenstoff in Permafrostböden während Abkühlungsphasen, sowie rasche Freisetzung von CO2 und Methan während Erwärmungsphasen, sind entscheidende positive Rückkopplungsprozesse für das Klima. (ii) Änderungen der integrierten annuellen Insolation an der südlichen, und damit sensitiven Permafrostgrenze könnten als externe Auslöser für globale Klimaveränderungen fungieren. (iii) Der mittelpleistozäne Wechsel der Eiszeitzyklen könnte implizit damit erklärt werden, dass Permafrostgebiete im Laufe der langfristigen pleistozänen Abkühlung Breiten von ~45°N erreichten. Dort verschwindet das für höhere nördliche Breiten charakteristische aus der Schiefe der Ekliptik resultierende ~41 ka Signal der annuellen Insolation, und es dominiert allein das ~100 ka Signal der orbitalen Ekzentrizität.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; pleistocene ; permafrost ; pléistocène ; ice age ; Milankovitch ; insolation forcing ; Siberia
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Die Kenntnis der regionalen Paläohydrologie ist eine wesentliche Grundlage für das Verständnis aktueller Umweltfragen, wie zum Beispiel nach den Gründen von hydrologischen Veränderungen, dem Einfluss von Landnutzungsstrategien und der Wirksamkeit von Renaturierungsvorhaben in Feuchtgebieten. Auch die Interpretation von Modellierungsergebnissen zu den künftigen Einflüssen des Klima- und Landnutzungswandels auf das Gewässersystem kann durch die Einbeziehung (prä-) historischer Analogien verbessert werden. Für das glazial geprägte nordostdeutsche Tiefland wurde eine Übersicht der vorliegenden paläohydrologischen Befunde für den Zeitraum der letzten etwa 20.000 Jahre erarbeitet. Die Entwicklung der Flüsse wurde mit Blick auf die Tal-/Auengenese und das Ablagerungsmilieu, die Veränderung des Tal- und Gerinneverlaufs sowie den Paläoabfluss bzw. das Paläohochwasser betrachtet. Wesentliche genetische Unterschiede bestehen zwischen Alt- (Elster- und Saalekaltzeit) und Jungmoränengebieten (Weichselkaltzeit) sowie zwischen hoch und tief gelegenen Tälern. Letztere sind stark durch Wasserspiegelveränderungen in der Nord- und Ostsee beeinflusst worden. Die Entwicklung der Seen wurde hinsichtlich der Seebildung, die überwiegend eine Folge der spätpleistozänen bis frühholozänen Toteistieftau-Dynamik ist, und der Veränderungen im Ablagerungsmilieu analysiert. Weiterhin standen Seespiegelveränderungen im Fokus, wobei sich hoch variable lokale Befunde mit einigen Übereinstimmungen zeigten. Der Überblick zur Moorentwicklung konzentrierte sich auf hydrogenetische Moorentwicklungsphasen und auf die langfristige Entwicklung des Grundwasserspiegels. Enge Beziehungen zwischen der Entwicklung der Flüsse, Seen und Moore bestanden insbesondere im Spätholozän durch komplexe Vermoorungsprozesse in den großen Flusstälern. Bis in das Spätholozän wurde die regionale Hydrologie überwiegend durch klimatische, geomorphologische und nicht-anthropogene biologische Faktoren gesteuert. Seit dem Spätmittelalter wurde in der Region das Gewässernetz und der Wasserkreislauf im starken Maß durch anthropogene Interventionen beeinflusst (z.B. Aufstau von Flüssen und Seen, Bau von Kanälen und Deichen, Moorkultivierung). In den letzten etwa 50 Jahren haben dann sogar die kurzfristigen anthropogenen Eingriffe, z.B. in Form von Abflussregulierung, Hydromelioration und künstlicher Seebildung, die Wirksamkeit langfristiger klimatischer und geomorphologischer Prozesse übertroffen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; holocene ; valley formation ; late pleistocene ; palaeohydrology ; depositional change ; lake- and groundwater-level fluctuation ; mire
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Eine revidierte Vergletscherungsgeschichte des nördlichen Vorlandes der Schweizer Alpen wird vorgestellt, basierend auf Feldbefunden und chronologischen Daten von verschiedenen Schlüssellokalitäten und Regionen. Die ältesten quartären Sedimente der Schweiz sind mehrphasige Kiese, in die Till und Hochflutsedimente eingeschaltet sind (’Deckenschotter’). Bedeutende Unterschiede im Basisniveau der Schotterablagerungen erlauben die Unterscheidung zweier komplex augebauter Einheiten (’Höhere Deckenschotter’, ’Tiefere Deckenschotter’), die durch eine Phase bedeutender Einschneidung getrennt sind. Säugetierreste stellen die ältere Einheit (‘Höhere Deckenschotter’) in die Zone MN 17 (2.6–1.8 Ma). Jeder der Komplexe enthält Belege für zumindest zwei, möglicherweise sogar bis zu vier eigenständige Eiszeiten, woraus sich in Summe bis zu acht frühpleistozäne Vergletscherungen des Schweizer Alpenvorlands ergeben. Die frühpleistozänen Deckenschotter sind von mittelpleistozänen Ablagerungen durch eine Zeit bedeutender Erosion getrennt, die wahrscheinlich durch tektonische Bewegungen und/oder eine Umleitung des Alpenrheins verursacht wurde (Mittelpleistozäne Reorganisation – MPR). Das Mittel-/Spätpleistozän beinhaltet vier oder fünf Eiszeiten, die nach ihren Schlüsselregionen als Möhlin-, Habsburg-, Hagenholz- (unsicher, unzureichend belegt), Beringen- und Birrfeld-Eiszeit benannt sind. Die Möhlin-Eiszeit repräsentiert die grösste Vergletscherung des Schweizer Alpenvorlandes, während die Beringen-Eiszeit von nur wenig geringerer Ausdehnung war. Der letzte Glazialzyklus (Birrfeld-Eiszeit) umfasst wahrscheinlich drei eigenständige Gletschervorstösse, die auf ca. 105 ka, 65 ka und 25 ka datiert wurden. Für den letzten Eisvorstoss wird eine detaillierte Radiokohlenstoffchronologie für den Eisaufbau und das Abschmelzen präsentiert.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; glaciation ; glacial deposits ; stratigraphy ; chronology ; alps
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geozon Science Media
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Umgebung von Bayreuth sticht durch ungewöhnliche Vielfalt geologischer und tektonischer Besonderheiten hervor. Gesteine vom Altpaläozoikum bis zum Quartär treten auf. Das „Fränkische Lineament“ nebst der ihm vorgelagerten „Bruchschollenzone“ in mesozoischen Sedimentgesteinen, der Eklogit vom Weißenstein (einziger europäischer Eklogit nördlich der Alpen) und quartäre Vulkanite, mit denen sich schon Johann Wolfgang von Goethe beschäftigt hat, sind einzigartige Zeugnisse vielseitiger endogener Prozesse in der Umgebung von Bayreuth. Der vorliegende Band „DEUQUA EXCURSIONS“ wurde für die 36. Tagung der DEUQUA in Bayreuth vom 16. bis 20. September 2012 erstellt und umfasst sechs Exkursionen in der Region.
    Description: excursionguide
    Keywords: 551 ; VEB 212 ; VEB 148 ; Bayern {Geologie} ; Oberfränkisch-oberpfälzisches Schollenland {Geologie} ; field trip ; Exkursion ; Bayreuth ; landscape development ; quaternary ; paleozoic ; Archäologie ; Archaeology ; Landschaftsentwicklung
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion , anthology
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The work presented in this thesis is focused on mineralogical studies of the Moon aiming to create maps of iron abundances. We used the data from visible to near-infrared (VISNIR) spectrometers on-board Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, with our major concentration on the Spectrometer InfraRed-2 (SIR-2) data. The SIR-2 on-ground and in-flight calibrations are discussed. The location of the SIR-2 tracks on the imaging spectrometers, Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), and Hyper-Spectral Imager (HySI) is determined by comparing the radiance profiles of the three instruments measured at the same Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the same photometric conditions...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 549 ; 523.3 ; 550 ; TGG 310 ; TGG 486 ; Mond ; Mondbeobachtung, Exploration {Astronomie} ; Zusammensetzung des Mondes {Astronomie} ; Eisenmineralien ; Infrarotspektroskopie
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , submittedVersion
    Format: 141 S.
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Das Quartär der Bodensee-Region besteht aus Schottern frühpleistozäner alpiner Flusssysteme (Deckenschotter) sowie aus glazialen und Schmelzwasser-Ablagerungen der mittel- und spätpleistozänen Eiszeiten. Sie belegen den landschaftlichen Wandel von einer Art Rampe aus Vorbergen hin zur heutigen Topographie mit ineinander greifenden, übertieften Becken, sodass sich eine Art Amphitheater ergibt. Die Deckenschotter als älteste Ablagerungen dokumentieren einerseits die Eintiefung der alpinen Flüsse in diversen Terrassenstufen im Sedimentationsgebiet, andererseits durch deutliche Unterschiede im Geröllspektrum die Vergrößerung des Liefergebiets des sich entwickelnden alpinen Rheins. Der älteste Till kommt vor in Kontakt mit Mindel-Deckenschottern, es gibt jedoch keine Hinweise auf eine glaziale Übertiefung in dieser Zeit. Die meisten glazialen und Schmelzwasser-Ablagerungen werden drei großen Vergletscherungen des Rheingletschers zugeordnet. Diese Vorlandvergletscherungen sind mit drei Generationen glazialer Becken verknüpft. Die ältesten Becken sind zur Donau orientiert, die aus der letzten Vereisung entwässern zum Rhein. Diese Reorientierung bewirkte die hervorragende räumliche Auflösung der Sedimente und Formen. Traditionell wurden die Sedimente in einem chronostratigraphischen System aus glazialen und interglazialen Stufen beschrieben. Unsere Ziele in dieser Arbeit sind, eine Aktualisierung des chronostratigraphischen Systems vorzustellen, das neue, beim geologischen Dienst von Baden-Württemberg angewandte, lithostratigraphische Schema zu erklären und die wichtigsten neuen Einheiten kurz zu beschreiben.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; pleistocene ; glacial deposits ; pléistocène ; lithostratigraphy ; chronostratigraphy ; deckenschotter ; Rhineglacier ; overdeepening
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In einer Subrosionsstruktur über Evaporiten des Oberen Buntsandstein sind im Bergland am Oberlauf der Weser zwischen Höxter und Holzminden pleistozäne warm- und kühlzeitliche „Tone“- und „Torfe“ erhalten geblieben. Sie trennen hier kaltzeitliche Terrassen-Kiese und -Sande der Weser. Als Rohstoff wurden sie in dem kleinen Tagebau Nachtigall abgebaut. Aus Bohrungen, die 1997/98 zur Erkundung der Lagerstätte u.a. als Rammkernbohrungen niedergebracht wurden, standen für geowissenschaftliche Untersuchungen 33 m nahezu durchgehende Kernstrecke zur Verfügung. Daraus konnten 13,5 m für sedimentologische, palynostratigraphische und radiochronologische Untersuchungen ausgewählt werden. Diese warm- und kühlklimatischen Ablagerungen wurden als Nachtigall-Complex zusammengefasst und 2011 von zwei Autorengruppen des Projekts in zwei methodisch unterschiedlichen Artikeln veröffentlicht. Als geologischer Rahmen wurden 25 km2 Flussniederungs- und Hanglandschaft seit 1994 lithostratigraphisch und strukturgeologisch mit dem hier vorgelegten Ergebnis analysiert. Die zuvor schon bekannte Subrosionsstruktur erwies sich als z.T. von Störungen begrenzt. Die wichtigsten pleistozänen Kartiereinheiten sind die Sedimentkörper von 4 Flussterrassen; nach abnehmendem Alter sind dies: – jüngste der Oberterrassen, nicht abgesunken – Ältere Mittelterrasse (ÄMT), abgesunken – Jüngere Mittelterrasse, nicht abgesunken – Niederterrasse, z.T. auf Schichten der abgesunkenen ÄMT. Die Schichten des Nachtigall-Complex liegen direkt über Schichten der ÄMT und werden von Schichten der Jüngeren Mittelterrasse diskordant überlagert; sie sind abgesunken und verformt. Außerhalb des Untersuchungsgebietes wird die ÄMT – ihrer Lage in der Terrassentreppe gemäß – dem Marinen Isotopen-Stadium MIS 8 im unteren Teil des Saale-Komplex zugeordnet, die Jüngere Mittelterrasse dem älteren Abschnitt von MIS 6 im tiefen oberen Teil des Saale-Komplex vor dem Drenthe-Stadium. Damit wird das sowohl palynostratigraphisch als auch radiometrisch ermittelte MIS 7-Alter des zwischen beiden liegenden jüngst definierten Nachtigall 1 Interglazial lithostratigraphisch gestützt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; lithostratigraphy ; mapping ; river terrace ; saalian complex ; Younger Middle Terrace ; Wehrden-Niveau ; Nachtigall 1 Interglacial ; Older Middle Terrace ; Reiherbach-Niveau ; pre-Drenthe period ; MIS 6 ; MIS 7 ; MIS 8 ; structural analysis ; staircase-position ; stackposition ; Weser upper reaches ; Albaxen subrosion structure ; NW-Germany
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In der vorgelegten Arbeit wird die Abhängigkeit von Geomorphologie und biologischen Interaktion unter Verwendung des Konzeptes morphoklimatischer Regionen Brasiliens vorgestellt. Die Diskussion fokussiert hierbei auf biogeographische und ökologische Aspekte. Die vorgelegte Studie wurde in den offenen Bereichen von Roraima – Lavrado – zwischen Brasilien, Venezuela und Guyana durchgeführt. Dieses Gebiet liegt im nördlichen Teil der morphoklimatischen Region Amazoniens. Zur Anwendung kamen Techniken der Fernerkundung, um das Relief der Region zu ermitteln und biologische Charakterisierungen durchzuführen. Die hierdurch erzielten Ergebnisse wurden genutzt, um Lebensräume der Region und die Verteilung der Lavrado Fauna zu beschreiben.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; Biogeomorphology ; Amazon morphoclimatic domain ; Roraima ; lavrado
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Im vorgelegten Artikel werden die Morphostratigraphie, Lithostratigraphie sowie die Sedimentstrukturen des Terna Beckens in der Deccan Basaltic Province (DBP) im westlichen Zentralindien vorgestellt. Die Quartärablagerungen können in drei große Einheiten unterteilt werden (i) dunkelgraue Schluffablagerungen – Spätes Holozän, (ii) hellgraue Schluffablagerungen – Frühes Holozän, (iii) dunkelgrau-braune Schluffablagerungen – Spätpleistozän mit altquartären alluvialen Absätzen mit oberpleistozänen Altern. Die feinen tonig-schluffigen Ablagerungen im Unterlauf des Flusses deuten auf ruhige Ablagerungsbedingungen und einen sinusartigen Abfluss hin. Der Fluss zeigt Tendenzen zu abschwemmungsbedingten Gerinneverlagerungen, die wiederum durch vorhandene Bruchlinien gesteuert wurden. Entlang des Terna-Flusses konnten weiterhin Paläouferrücken in Form von 4–5 m hohen Rücken nachgewiesen werden, hier vor allem im Bereich der OrtschaftenTer, Killari, Sastur, Dhuta und Makni. Einige nachgewiesene Bruchlinien treten vor allem in NE-SE, NW-SE, E-W und WNW-ESE-Richtung auf und bestimmen die Struktur des Grundgebirges im Untersuchungsgebiet. Die TSI-Werte (Topographic Sinousity Index) verdeutlichen einen Erosionswechsel im Untersuchungsgebiet mit einer Verstärkung des topographischen Einflusses auf die Ausformung der Abflussbahnen. Die im Profil sichtbare Geländekante zeugt weiterhin von einer tektonischen Hebung des Gebietes im Quartär. Radiokohlenstoffdatierungen, die an einigen Holzkohlefragmenten durchgeführt wurden, die aus gefalteten Ablagerungen entnommen wurden, deuten darauf hin, dass eine seismische Aktivität in der Zeitspanne zwischen 120–1671 n. Chr. stattgefunden haben kann.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geomorphology ; Quaternary Geology ; Lithologs of Quaternary sediments ; morphostratigraphy ; Terna River
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 87
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    Geozon Science Media
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Peer reviewed original papers in Quaternary geology, palaeoecology, soil science, palaeoclimatology, geomorphology, geochronology, archaeology, geography and other topics related to the Quaternary.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VCA 520 ; Quartärgeologie ; palaeohydrology ; Biogeomorphology
    Language: English
    Type: article
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: As part of the Sino-German Coal Fire Research Initiative “Innovative Technologies for Exploration, Extinction, and Monitoring of Coal Fires in North China,” the China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources (AGRS), assisted by the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), carried out in 2004 an airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey of Wuda Coal Mining Area (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China). In the following year, ground geophysical surveys using transient electromagnetics (BGR) and magnetics (AGRS and Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH, DMT) were conducted in selected parts of the area. The objective of these geophysical surveys was to detect and delineate coal fire areas through physical parameters obtained over burning and burned coal seams. The electromagnetic surveys served to reveal areas of high electrical conductivity, the magnetic surveys those with clearly pronounced magnetic field intensity.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 622.15 ; 550 ; TQH 000 ; TQJ 000 ; TSL 100 ; Aerogeophysik ; Geophysikalische Methoden in anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten ; China {Geophysik} ; 38.79
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , acceptedVersion
    Format: 16
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Die Kemeler Heide im westlichen Hintertaunus ist heute Teil des größten zusammenhängenden Waldgebietes in Hessen mit einer Waldbedeckung von rund 60 %. Bis ins frühe 19. Jahrhundert wurde sie jedoch als Heide genutzt. Mit der vorliegenden Studie wird versucht, die regionale Landnutzungsgeschichte auf der Kemeler Heide mithilfe verschiedenartiger methodischer Ansätze zu rekonstruieren. Eine besondere Berücksichtigung erfahren dabei historische Relikte, die sich im Wald erhalten haben. Zur Rekonstruktion früherer Landnutzungssysteme wurden hochmittelalterliche Ackerraine in drei verschiedenen Wüstungsfluren kartiert und im Hinblick auf ihre Sedimentzusammensetzung und ihr Alter untersucht. Die Datierung derartiger Ackerkolluvien erfolgte erstmals mit mehreren 14C- und einer OSL-Datierung. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen waren frühneuzeitliche Holzkohlemeilerplätze, anhand derer die Artenzusammensetzung der frühneuzeitlichen Wälder rekonstruiert werden konnte. Zusätzlich wurden auch zwei verschiedene Schlackenhalden als Hinterlassenschaften hochmittelalterlicher Eisenverhüttung datiert und die Ergebnisse mit den Sedimentationsraten einer kolluvialen Dellenfüllung verglichen. Dabei konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die anthropogene Landnutzung auf der Kemeler Heide spätestens während der Eisenzeit begann. Die stärksten Einflüsse erfolgten jedoch erst während des hohen Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit. Besonders im Hochmittelalter führte ausgedehnter Ackerbau dazu, dass der Waldanteil weitaus kleiner war als heute. Die meisten Ackerraine stammen daher aus dieser Periode. Während der Neuzeit wurde dagegen vermehrt Heidewirtschaft betrieben.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; sedimentation rate ; deforestation ; rhenish massif ; Field balks ; charcoal burning ; iron slag ; Taunus Mts.
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 90
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    GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel und Institut für Geowissenschaften der Universität Kiel
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The 14th Symposium on Tectonics, Structural Geology and Geology of Crystalline Rocks (TSK14) is the first TSK meeting to be held on the coast. Northern Germany is void of metamorphic and structural geology outcrops and study of their processes requires going underground into salt mines or driving as far as the Harz Mountains. This is precisely what we will do for the field trip. Nevertheless, marine research is much closer to the TSK topics than might be expected. The plate tectonics revolution in the end of the 60s of last century would not have been possible without research on the oceans. Many structural concepts for deformed rock associations found on the continents have their modern counterparts below the oceans. Today, marine research cruises contribute significantly to tectonic research using a multitude of geophysical methods, sampling of the ocean floor, and deep sea drilling. The collaborative research center (SFB) 574 "Volatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones", a joint research venture between Christian- Albrechts-University Kiel and the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, combines marine and onshore research on subduction zone processes in Central and South America. Among other topics the DFG-funded Excellence Cluster “The Future Ocean” is concerned with marine geohazards and georesources and, thus, tectonic studies. Related results in marine geophysics, tectonics, metamorphic and magmatic petrology will be presented during TSK14, as well as several results from other marine and onshore research projects. We also invite you to gather some deeper insights into our work and our research facilities. The program of the symposium covers a wide range of current research in tectonics, geodynamics, structural geology and metamorphic petrology. We were overwhelmed by the large variety and the high quality of the submitted contributions. As the contributions did not go through a peer-review, the authors remain responsible for the content of their abstracts. There will be talks and posters on all of the six initially announced topics 1) Subduction zones and collisional orogens, 2) Rifting, spreading and transform faults, 3) Metamorphism, deformation and geochronology, 4) Fabrics, rheology and deformation mechanisms, 5) Brittle deformation, neotectonics and earthquake processes, 6) Pluton emplacement, volcano-tectonics und impact geology, with many contributions covering two and more of them.
    Description: Das 14. Symposium 'Tektonik-Strukturgeologie-Kristallingeologie' (TSK 14) ist das erste TSKTreffen, das an der Küste stattfindet. Norddeutschland ist frei an metamorphen und strukturgeologischen Aufschlüssen, und diese Forschung erfordert Untertagearbeit in Salzbergwerken oder Fahrten zumindest bis zum Harz. Genau dies ist für die Exkursion vorgesehen. Ungeachtet dessen liegt die Meeresforschung näher an den TSK-Themen, als es vielleicht erwartet wird. Die plattentektonische Revolution am Ende der 60er Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts wäre ohne Meeresforschung nicht möglich gewesen. Viele strukturelle Konzepte deformierter Gesteinsvergesellschaftungen auf den Kontinenten finden ihre modernen Gegenstücke unter den Ozeanen. Heute tragen marine Forschungsfahrten durch die Anwendung geophysikalischer Methoden, Probennahmen vom Meeresboden oder Tiefseebohrprojekte bedeutend zur tektonischen Forschung bei. Der Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 574 "Volatile und Fluide in Subduktionszonen", ein Forschungsprogramm der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel und des GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrums für Ozeanforschung Kiel, verbindet Forschung im Meer und an Land zur Untersuchung von Subduktionszonen- Prozessen in Zentral- und Mittelamerika. Der von der DFG geförderte Exzellenzcluster "Ozean der Zukunft" befasst sich neben anderen Themen mit marinen Geogefahren und Georessourcen und somit mit tektonischen Studien. Damit verbundene Ergebnisse der marinen Geophysik, Tektonik, metamorphen und magmatischen Petrologie als auch Ergebnisse weiterer Meeres- und Küstenforschungsprojekte werden auf der TSK14 vorgestellt. Wir laden Sie auch ein, einen tieferen Einblick in unsere Forschungstätigkeit und Forschungseinrichtungen zu gewinnen. Das Programm des Symposiums umfasst eine weite Bandbreite aktueller Forschung in Tektonik, Geodynamik, Strukturgeologie und metamorpher Petrologie. Wir waren überwältigt von der großen Vielfalt und der hohen Qualität der eingereichten Beiträge. Da die Beiträge nicht begutachtet wurden, sind die Autoren allein für die Inhalte ihrer Kurzfassungen verantwortlich. Es wird Vorträge und Poster zu allen ursprünglich angekündigten Themenbereichen geben: 1) Subduktionszonen und Kollisionsorogene, 2) Rifting, Spreading und Transformstörungen, 3) Metamorphose, Deformation und Geochronologie, 4) Gefüge, Rheologie und Deformationsmechanismen, 5) Bruchhafte Deformation, Neotektonik und Erdbebenprozesse, 6) Platznahme von Plutonen, Vulkanotektonik und Impaktgeologie, wobei viele Beiträge zwei und mehr von diesen abdecken.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 000 ; VAC 100 ; VAEA 000 ; VAE 100 ; VAE 200 ; Tektonik ; Strukturgeologie ; Tektonik {Geologie} ; Magmatismus im allgemeinen {Geologie} ; Metamorphose {Geologie} ; Strukturgeologie ; Geodynamik ; Kristallin
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 118 S.
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  • 91
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    Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung
    In:  PIK Report
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: In coupled human-environment systems where well established and proven general theories are often lacking cluster analysis provides the possibility to discover regularities – a first step in empirically based theory building. The aim of this report is to share the experiences and knowledge on cluster analysis we gained in several applications in this realm helping to avoid typical problems and pitfalls. In our description of issues and methods we will highlight well-known main-stream methods as well as promising new developments, referring to pertinent literature for further information, thus offering also some potential new insights for the more experienced. The following aspects are discussed in detail: data-selection and pre-treatment, selection of a distance measure in the data space, selection of clustering method, performing clustering (parameterizing the algorithm(s), determining the number of clusters etc.) and the interpretation and evaluation of results. We link our description – as far as tools for performing the analysis are concerned - to the R software environment and its associated cluster analysis packages. We have used this public domain software, together with own tailor-made extensions, documented in the appendix.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 94
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    In:  Recarbonization of the biosphere : ecosystems and the global carbon cycle
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 95
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    In:  Recarbonization of the biosphere : ecosystems and the global carbon cycle
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 96
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Recarbonization of the biosphere : ecosystems and the global carbon cycle
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from megacities impact the climate. The long-lived greenhouse gases CO 2, CH 4 and N 2O as well as climate-active pollutants such as NO x, VOC and particulate matter (PM) are all emitted from megacities. NO x and VOC contribute to tropospheric ozone formation and affect the lifetime of long-lived greenhouse gases. Anthropogenic aerosols include sulphate, black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM). Aerosols impact climate directly (absorption, backscattering) and also have indirect (cloud) effects. We assess the climate impact of megacity emissions with the Met Office Hadley Centre Earth System Model HadGEM2 applying an "annihilation" scenario in which the emissions at megacities are entirely removed. Generally, the contribution of megacities to global pollutant emissions is on the order of 2-5% of the total global annual anthropogenic base emission flux. The impact of megacity climate-active pollutants is assessed via an annual mean top-of-atmosphere direct radiative forcing (AMTOA-DRF) from long-lived GHG as well as ozone, methane and aerosols. In this simulations the long-lived component (CO 2, CH 4 and N 2O) contributes a positive TOA-DRF of +120.0, +28.4 and +3.3mWm -2, respectively, under present-day conditions. Climate-active pollutants (NO x, VOC) contribute an AMTOA-DRF of +5.7±0.02mWm -2 from an increase in the ozone burden -1.9±0.04mWm -2, -6.1±0.21mWm -2 from the aerosol AMTOA-DRF in the short-wave spectrum and +1.5±0.01mWm -2 from aerosol in the long-wave spectrum. The combined AMTOA-DRF from all climate-active pollutants is slightly negative at -0.8±0.24mWm -2 and the total AMTOA-DRF amounts to +150.9±0.24mWm -2. Under future conditions (2050s) the total AMTOA-DRF from long-lived GHG is found to profoundly increase to +322.6mWm -2 while the total AMTOA-DRF from climate-active pollutants turns positive and decreases slightly to +0.5±0.09mWm -2 yielding a combined AMTOA-DRF of +323.1±0.09mWm -2 in the future. It is apparent that under the given emission scenarios the radiative forcing from long-lived GHG, particularly CO 2, by far dominates the impact of megacities on climate.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 98
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    In:  Recarbonization of the biosphere : ecosystems and the global carbon cycle
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 99
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    In:  Recarbonization of the biosphere : ecosystems and the global carbon cycle
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an aqueous-phase route to produce carbon materials using biomass or biomass-derived precursors. In this paper, a comprehensive physicochemical and textural characterization of HTC materials obtained using four different precursors, namely, xylose, glucose, sucrose, and starch, is presented. The development of porosity in the prepared HTC materials as a function of thermal treatment (under an inert atmosphere) was specifically monitored using N2 and CO2 sorption analysis. The events taking place during the thermal treatment process were studied by a combined thermogravimetric/infrared (TGA-IR) measurement. Interestingly, these inexpensive biomass-derived carbon materials show good selectivity for CO2 adsorption over N2 (CO2/N2 selectivity of 20 at 273 K, 1 bar and 1:1 gas composition). Furthermore, the elemental composition, morphologies, degree of structural order, surface charge, and functional groups are also investigated.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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