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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (3.701)
  • Aircraft Stability and Control
  • Fisheries
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-30
    Beschreibung: The first meeting of the South West Indian Ocean EAF Regional Task Group (RTG) was held in Mombasa, Kenya, from 27 to 30 January 2009, together with an ecological risk assessment methodology workshop. It was attended by 20 partic ipants from the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) countries, the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP), the Agulhas and Somali Currents Large Marine Ecosystems (ASCLME) project, the Scientific Committee of the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Nairobi Convention Implementation Unit, the African Union Commission and FAO. The RTG is an implementation structure under the EAF-Nansen project GCP/INT/003/NOR and serves as the forum for training in ecological risk assessment that is the methodology used for the identification and prioritization of issues requiring management attention. The main objectives of the meeting and workshop we re to discuss and facilitate key processes and activities for the implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management in the South West Indian Ocean region including the modalities for the formation and functioning of the RTG and National Task Groups (NTGs). It was explained that, to be able to achieve the objectives of implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries at the national level, certain key structures have to be in place including the NTG with representatives of key stakeholders in a given fishery and that would take the lead in the process. An overview of the key concepts and process of the ecological risk assessment methodology were clarified. Participants were also introduced to the preparation of EAF baseline reports to be used as initial input for the work on ecosystems approach to fisheries. It was explained that the preparation of the report is to be led by national and regional experts and overseen by the NTG. For the exercises the participants worked in three subgroups formed during the meeting with each group selecting a chairman who moderate d the discussions and a rapporteur. The participants expressed satisfaction with the development of a communication strategy for the project and especially with the participatory approach used.
    Beschreibung: FAO, NORAD, Institute of Marine Research
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: National task groups
    Beschreibung: Regional task groups
    Beschreibung: Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
    Schlagwort(e): Ecosystems ; Fisheries ; Ecosystems ; Fishery resources ; Fisheries management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 36
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  • 2
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    Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research | Lagos, Nigeria
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-30
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Fisheries newsletter
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Marine sciences ; Fisheries literature
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 30pp.
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  • 3
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    Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research | Lagos, Nigeria
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-30
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Fisheries newsletter
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Marine sciences ; Fisheries literature
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 4
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    Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research | Lagos, Nigeria,
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-30
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Fisheries newsletter
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Fisheries literature
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 11pp.
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  • 5
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    Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, | Lagos, Nigeria,
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-30
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Fisheries newsletter
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Fisheries literature
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 8pp.
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-25
    Beschreibung: The Efficient Descent Advisor (EDA) controller automation tool generates trajectory-based speed, path, and altitude-profile advisories to facilitate efficient, continuous descents into congested terminal airspace. While prior field trials have assessed the trajectory-prediction accuracy for large jet (i.e., Boeing and Airbus) types, smaller (i.e., regional and business) jet types present unique challenges involving different descent procedures and Flight Management System (FMS) capabilities. A small-jet field trial was conducted at Denver in the fall of 2010 with the objective of measuring trajectory prediction accuracy and quantifying the primary sources of error. This paper uses data collected onboard a Bombardier Global 5000 test aircraft to quantify the size and sources of trajectory prediction error. Error sources were quantified for the 44 runs by incrementally replacing predicted data with data collected onboard the aircraft and measuring the effect on time error. Results for en-route descents, from prior to top of descent to the meter fix 60-120 nmi downstream, indicate that the aircraft arrived an average 15 seconds earlier than predicted, with a standard deviation of 10 seconds. Target Mach and CAS deceleration were found to be the two largest error sources. If CAS deceleration error was reduced using a typical, more predictable level flight deceleration then the arrival time prediction error in 2010 would be on par with a 2009 flight trial of Airbus and Boeing revenue flights. Four of the error sources, tracker jumps, CAS deceleration, target Mach, and path distance, lend themselves to significant reductions with modest to no changes to ATC automation andor procedures. Wind error and its impact on arrival time error was significantly reduced in 2010 compared to a 1994 flight test using NASAs Boeing 737 test aircraft.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2014-218341 , ARC-E-DAA-TN15102
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper introduces a modeling and simulation tool for aeroservoelastic analysis of rectangular wings with trailing edge control surfaces. The inputs to the code are planform design parameters such as wing span, aspect ratio and number of control surfaces. A doublet lattice approach is taken to compute generalized forces. A rational function approximation is computed. The output, computed in a few seconds, is a state space aeroservoelastic model which can be used for analysis and control design. The tool is fully parameterized with default information so there is little required interaction with the model developer. Although, all parameters can be easily modified if desired.The focus of this paper is on tool presentation, verification and validation. This process is carried out in stages throughout the paper. The rational function approximation is verified against computed generalized forces for a plate model. A model composed of finite element plates is compared to a modal analysis from commercial software and an independently conducted experimental ground vibration test analysis. Aeroservoelastic analysis is the ultimate goal of this tool. Therefore the flutter speed and frequency for a clamped plate are computed using V-g and V-f analysis. The computational results are compared to a previously published computational analysis and wind tunnel results for the same structure. Finally a case study of a generic wing model with a single control surface is presented. Verification of the state space model is presented in comparison to V-g and V-f analysis. This also includes the analysis of the model in response to a 1-cos gust.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: AFRC-E-DAA-TN17312 , AIAA SciTech 2015- Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference; Jan 05, 2015 - Jan 09, 2015; Kissimmee, Fl; United States
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  • 8
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-20
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a normalization based modified reference model adaptive control method for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) uncertain systems in the presence of bounded external disturbances. It has been shown that desired tracking performance can be achieved for the system's output and input signals with the proper choice of design parameters. The resulting adaptive control signal satisfies a second order linear time invariant (LTI) system, which is the effect of the normalization term in the adaptive laws. This LTI system provides the guideline for the design parameter selection. The theoretical findings are confirmed via a simulation example.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN17809 , IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC); Dec 15, 2014 - Dec 17, 2014; Los Angeles, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: In June 2013, NASA and the U.S. Army jointly conducted a simulation experiment in the NASA-Ames Vertical Motion Simulator that examined and quantified the effects of limited-authority control system augmentation on handling qualities and task performance in both good and degraded visual environments (DVEs). The vehicle model used for the experiment was the OH-58D with similar size, weight and performance, and the same 4-blade rotor system as the Bell 407 civilian helicopter that is commonly used for medical evacuation and emergency medical services. The control systems investigated as part of this study included the baseline aircraft Rate Command system, a short-term Attitude Command/Attitude Hold system that uses lagged-rate feedback to provide a short-term attitude response, Modernized Control Laws that provide an Attitude Command/Attitude Hold control response type, and Modernized Control Laws with an additional Position Hold function. Evaluation tasks included the ADS-33 Hover, Sidestep, Acceleration/Deceleration, and Pirouette Mission Task Elements, as well as a new proposed Emergency Medical Services task that includes an approach and landing at a minimally prepared remote landing site. Degraded visual environments were simulated with night vision goggles and an unaided night scene. A total of nine experimental test pilots participated in the four-week simulation experiment. Data recorded during the evaluation included Cooper-Harper handling qualities ratings, Bedford Workload scale ratings, and task performance. The Usable Cue Environment (UCE) was measured for this simulation experiment, and found to be UCE equals 1 in good visual environments and UCE equals 2 in degraded visual environments with night vision goggles. Results showed that handling qualities ratings were improved with a control system providing short-term attitude response over a rate command system, although the improvements were not sufficient to produce Level 1 handling qualities in degraded visual environments. Results for an Attitude Command/Attitude Hold control system showed that borderline Level 1 handling qualities could be achieved in degraded visual environments, and the 10 percent authority stability augmentation system was adequate to obtain these handling qualities ratings.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN13978 , AHS Log No. 1052 , AHS (American Helicopter Society) Annual Forum and Technology Display (Forum 70); May 20, 2014 - May 22, 2014; Montreal, QC; Canada
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Flight research has shown the effectiveness of adaptive flight controls for improving aircraft safety and performance in the presence of uncertainties. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA)'s Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control (IRAC) project designed and conducted a series of flight experiments to study the impact of variations in adaptive controller design complexity on performance and handling qualities. A novel complexity metric was devised to compare the degrees of simplicity achieved in three variations of a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) for NASA's F-18 (McDonnell Douglas, now The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois) Full-Scale Advanced Systems Testbed (Gen-2A) aircraft. The complexity measures of these controllers are also compared to that of an earlier MRAC design for NASA's Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS) project and flown on a highly modified F-15 aircraft (McDonnell Douglas, now The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois). Pilot comments during the IRAC research flights pointed to the importance of workload on handling qualities ratings for failure and damage scenarios. Modifications to existing pilot aggressiveness and duty cycle metrics are presented and applied to the IRAC controllers. Finally, while adaptive controllers may alleviate the effects of failures or damage on an aircraft's handling qualities, they also have the potential to introduce annoying changes to the flight dynamics or to the operation of aircraft systems. A nuisance rating scale is presented for the categorization of nuisance side-effects of adaptive controllers.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN10945 , NASA/TM-2014-216640
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 11
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A generic model of the aerodynamic coefficients was developed using wind tunnel databases for eight different aircraft and multivariate orthogonal functions. For each database and each coefficient, models were determined using polynomials expanded about the state and control variables, and an othgonalization procedure. A predicted squared-error criterion was used to automatically select the model terms. Modeling terms picked in at least half of the analyses, which totalled 45 terms, were retained to form the generic nonlinear aerodynamic (GNA) model. Least squares was then used to estimate the model parameters and associated uncertainty that best fit the GNA model to each database. Nonlinear flight simulations were used to demonstrate that the GNA model produces accurate trim solutions, local behavior (modal frequencies and damping ratios), and global dynamic behavior (91% accurate state histories and 80% accurate aerodynamic coefficient histories) under large-amplitude excitation. This compact aerodynamics model can be used to decrease on-board memory storage requirements, quickly change conceptual aircraft models, provide smooth analytical functions for control and optimization applications, and facilitate real-time parametric system identification.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: AIAA Paper 2014-0542 , NF1676L-16662 , AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Jan 13, 2014 - Jan 17, 2014; National Harbor, MD; United States
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The paper presents a certainty equivalence output feedback backstepping adaptive control design method for the systems of any relative degree with unmatched uncertainties without over-parametrization. It uses a fast prediction model to estimate the unknown parameters, which is independent of the control design. It is shown that the system's input and output tracking errors can be systematically decreased by the proper choice of the design parameters. The approach is applied to aerospace control problems and tested in numerical simulations.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN12362 , SciTech 2014; Jan 13, 2014 - Jan 17, 2014; National Harbor, MD; United States
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The X-56A aircraft is a remotely-piloted aircraft with flutter modes intentionally designed into the flight envelope. The X-56A program must demonstrate flight control while suppressing all unstable modes. A previous X-56A model study demonstrated a distributed-sensing-based active shape and active flutter suppression controller. The controller relies on an estimator which is sensitive to bias. This estimator is improved herein, and a real-time robust estimator is derived and demonstrated on 1530 fiber optic sensors. It is shown in simulation that the estimator can simultaneously reject 230 worst-case fiber optic sensor failures automatically. These sensor failures include locations with high leverage (or importance). To reduce the impact of leverage outliers, concentration based on a Mahalanobis trim criterion is introduced. A redescending M-estimator with Tukey bisquare weights is used to improve location and dispersion estimates within each concentration step in the presence of asymmetry (or leverage). A dynamic simulation is used to compare the concentrated robust estimator to a state-of-the-art real-time robust multivariate estimator. The estimators support a previously-derived mu-optimal shape controller. It is found that during the failure scenario, the concentrated modal estimator keeps the system stable.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN14268 , AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Jun 16, 2014 - Jun 20, 2014; Atlanta, GA; United States
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The Morpheus Lander is a vertical takeoff and landing test bed vehicle developed to demonstrate the system performance of the Guidance, Navigation and Control (GN&C) system capability for the integrated autonomous landing and hazard avoidance system hardware and software. The Morpheus flight control system design must be robust to various mission profiles. This paper presents a design methodology for employing numerical optimization to develop the Morpheus flight control system. The design objectives include attitude tracking accuracy and robust stability with respect to rigid body dynamics and propellant slosh. Under the assumption that the Morpheus time-varying dynamics and control system can be frozen over a short period of time, the flight controllers are designed to stabilize all selected frozen-time control systems in the presence of parametric uncertainty. Both control gains in the inner attitude control loop and guidance gains in the outer position control loop are designed to maximize the vehicle performance while ensuring robustness. The flight control system designs provided herein have been demonstrated to provide stable control systems in both Draper Ares Stability Analysis Tool (ASAT) and the NASA/JSC Trick-based Morpheus time domain simulation.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: JSC-CN-31053 , AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference; Aug 04, 2014 - Aug 07, 2014; San Diego, CA; United States|AIAA Space 2014; Aug 04, 2014 - Aug 07, 2014; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: As part of the NASA Vehicle Systems Safety Technologies (VSST), Assuring Safe and Effective Aircraft Control Under Hazardous Conditions (Technical Challenge #3), an effort is underway within Boeing Research and Technology (BR&T) to address Advanced Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification for Flight Dynamics (VSST1-7). The scope of the effort is to develop and evaluate advanced multidisciplinary flight dynamics modeling techniques, including integrated uncertainties, to facilitate higher fidelity response characterization of current and future aircraft configurations approaching and during loss-of-control conditions. This approach is to incorporate multiple flight dynamics modeling methods for aerodynamics, structures, and propulsion, including experimental, computational, and analytical. Also to be included are techniques for data integration and uncertainty characterization and quantification. This research shall introduce new and updated multidisciplinary modeling and simulation technologies designed to improve the ability to characterize airplane response in off-nominal flight conditions. The research shall also introduce new techniques for uncertainty modeling that will provide a unified database model comprised of multiple sources, as well as an uncertainty bounds database for each data source such that a full vehicle uncertainty analysis is possible even when approaching or beyond Loss of Control boundaries. Methodologies developed as part of this research shall be instrumental in predicting and mitigating loss of control precursors and events directly linked to causal and contributing factors, such as stall, failures, damage, or icing. The tasks will include utilizing the BR&T Water Tunnel to collect static and dynamic data to be compared to the GTM extended WT database, characterizing flight dynamics in off-nominal conditions, developing tools for structural load estimation under dynamic conditions, devising methods for integrating various modeling elements into a real-time simulation capability, generating techniques for uncertainty modeling that draw data from multiple modeling sources, and providing a unified database model that includes nominal plus increments for each flight condition. This paper presents status of testing in the BR&T water tunnel and analysis of the resulting data and efforts to characterize these data using alternative modeling methods. Program challenges and issues are also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: AIAA Paper 2014-0035 , NF1676L-17980 , Science and Technology Forum and Exposition (SciTech2014); Jan 13, 2014 - Jan 17, 2014; National Harbor, MD; United States
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Flying near the edge of the safe operating envelope is an inherently unsafe proposition. Edge of the envelope here implies that small changes or disturbances in system state or system dynamics can take the system out of the safe envelope in a short time and could result in loss-of-control events. This study evaluated approaches to predicting loss-of-control safety margins as the aircraft gets closer to the edge of the safe operating envelope. The goal of the approach is to provide the pilot aural, visual, and tactile cues focused on maintaining the pilot's control action within predicted loss-of-control boundaries. Our predictive architecture combines quantitative loss-of-control boundaries, an adaptive prediction method to estimate in real-time Markov model parameters and associated stability margins, and a real-time data-based predictive control margins estimation algorithm. The combined architecture is applied to a nonlinear transport class aircraft. Evaluations of various feedback cues using both test and commercial pilots in the NASA Ames Vertical Motion-base Simulator (VMS) were conducted in the summer of 2013. The paper presents results of this evaluation focused on effectiveness of these approaches and the cues in preventing the pilots from entering a loss-of-control event.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN12490 , SciTech 2014; Jan 13, 2014 - Jan 17, 2014; National Harbor, MD; United States
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Numerical simulations of fluid flow and collection efficiency for a Science Engineering Associates (SEA) multi-element probe are presented. Simulation of the flow field was produced using the Glenn-HT Navier-Stokes solver. Three dimensional unsteady results were produced and then time averaged for the collection efficiency results. Three grid densities were investigated to enable an assessment of grid dependence. Collection efficiencies were generated for three spherical particle sizes, 100, 20, and 5 micron in diameter, using the codes LEWICE3D and LEWICE2D. The free stream Mach number was 0.27, representing a velocity of approximately 86 ms. It was observed that a reduction in velocity of about 15-20 occurred as the flow entered the shroud of the probe.Collection efficiency results indicate a reduction in collection efficiency as particle size is reduced. The reduction with particle size is expected, however, the results tended to be lower than previous results generated for isolated two-dimensional elements. The deviation from the two-dimensional results is more pronounced for the smaller particles and is likely due to the effect of the protective shroud.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: GRC-E-DAA-TN15808 , AIAA Aviation 2014; Jun 16, 2014 - Jun 20, 2014; Atlanta, GA; United States
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Control of complex Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft traversing from hovering to wing born flight mode and back poses notoriously difficult modeling, simulation, control, and flight-testing challenges. This paper provides an overview of the techniques and advances required to develop the GL-10 tilt-wing, tilt-tail, long endurance, VTOL aircraft control system. The GL-10 prototype's unusual and complex configuration requires application of state-of-the-art techniques and some significant advances in wind tunnel infrastructure automation, efficient Design Of Experiments (DOE) tunnel test techniques, modeling, multi-body equations of motion, multi-body actuator models, simulation, control algorithm design, and flight test avionics, testing, and analysis. The following compendium surveys key disciplines required to develop an effective control system for this challenging vehicle in this on-going effort.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: AIAA Paper 2014-2999 , NF1676L-17842 , AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration and Operations (ATIO) Conference; Jun 16, 2014 - Jun 20, 2014; Atlanta, GA; United States
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-26
    Beschreibung: This is the story of a unique research airplane-unique because the airplane and the programs that supported it did things that have never been done before or since. The major purpose of this book is to tell the story of NASA's role in the X-31 program. In order to do this, though, it is necessary to put NASA's participation in perspective with the other phases of the program, namely the genesis of the concept, the design and fabrication of the aircraft, the initial flight testing done without NASA participation, the flight testing done with NASA participation, and the subsequent Navy X-31 Vectoring ESTOL (extreme short takeoff and landings) Control Operation Research (VECTOR) program.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NASA/SP-2014-613 , HQ-STI-13-153
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Over the last decade eutrophication of freshwater artificial reservoirs in Cuba occurred in parallel to oligotrophication of estuarine and coastal waters. These two processes influenced both freshwater and marine fisheries. A dramatic shift in species composition in freshwater fisheries has occurred, from dominance by cichlids (tilapia) to dominance by cyprinids. The high fishery yield from some reservoirs, and shift in species composition, seems related to progressive eutrophication of reservoirs by nutrient subsidies from different anthropogenic activities; particular those related to the size of urban areas within their watersheds. On the other hand, marine landings of estuarine-dependent species declined more significantly than for other groups associated with seagrass beds–coral reefs and oceanic waters. The ratio between catches of estuarine-dependent species and those associated with seagrass beds and coral reefs, decreased significantly over the last 20 years. The decrease in landings was more evident in typical estuarine species, such as shrimps (Litopenaeus schmitti and Farfantopenaeus notialis), mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and mullets (Mugil spp.). River damming increased during the same period and is significantly correlated with these decreases. It is hypothesized that two different processes acted synergistically, leading to dramatic decreases of several orders of magnitude, in the catches of estuarine species over the last decade: the trapping of nutrients and sediments by river damming, and a drastic reduction in nutrient inputs from land-based sources due to reduced fertilizer use. These are postulated to have affected not only estuarine resources, but also the whole coastal ecosystem.
    Beschreibung: Durante la última década, la eutrofización de los embalses artificiales de agua dulce en Cuba se produjo en paralelo a oligotrophication de estuarios y costeras aguas. Estos dos procesos de influencia de agua dulce y la pesca marina. Un cambio dramático en la composición de las especies en la pesca de agua dulce se ha producido, de la dominación de los cíclidos (tilapia) a la dominación de ciprínidos. La alta producción de la pesca de algunos embalses, y el cambio en las especies composición, parece relacionada con la progresiva eutrofización de los embalses de las subvenciones de nutrientes de diferentes actividades antropogénicas, especialmente las relacionado con el tamaño de las zonas urbanas dentro de sus cuencas. Por otro lado, los desembarques de especies marinas de estuario-dependientes disminuyeron significativamente más que para otros grupos asociados con algas marinas Los arrecifes de coral-camas y las aguas oceánicas. La relación entre las capturas de las especies que dependen de los estuarios y las asociadas a las praderas marinas y Los arrecifes de coral, se redujo significativamente en los últimos 20 años. La disminución en los desembarques fue más evidente en especies típicas de estuarios, tales como camarones (Litopenaeus schmitti y Farfantopenaeus notialis), ostra de mangle (Crassostrea rhizophorae) y la lisa (Mugil spp.). El represamiento del Río aumentó durante el mismo período y se correlaciona significativamente con estas disminuciones. Se planteó la hipótesis de que dos procesos diferentes actúan de forma sinérgica, que conduce a una disminución drástica de varios órdenes de magnitud, en las capturas de las especies de estuario en la última década: la captura de nutrientes y sedimentos por represas río, y una reducción drástica de los aportes de nutrientes de fuentes terrestres, debido a la reducción del uso de fertilizantes. Se postula que han afectado no sólo a los recursos estuarinos, sino también todo el ecosistema costero.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: ríos
    Beschreibung: impactos antropogénicos
    Schlagwort(e): river ; Fisheries ; Eutrophication
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Se muestra la evolución de las capturas de las sierras y pintadas, se describen las 3 maneras en que las especies pueden quedar atrapadas en la redes de enmalles, así como también los tipos de redes (deriva, media agua y de fondo).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Scomberomorus regalis
    Beschreibung: Scomberomorus maculatus
    Beschreibung: Scomberomorus cavalla
    Beschreibung: spanish mackerel
    Beschreibung: king mackerel
    Beschreibung: painted mackerel
    Beschreibung: enmalle
    Beschreibung: arte de pesca
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Mugil curema
    Beschreibung: Mugil liza
    Beschreibung: Mugil cephalus
    Beschreibung: Gerres cinereus
    Beschreibung: patao
    Beschreibung: coastal lagoons
    Schlagwort(e): Mullet fisheries ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Ce travail représente une contribution à l'étude de l'activité de pêche hauturière dans le gouvernorat de Médenine, particulièrement, au niveau du port de Zarzis ; durant la période (juin 2005-juin 2006). Il consiste à réaliser, grâce à des enquêtes menées au port, deux types d'analyses : une analyse quantitative afin de déterminer les débarquements saisonniers moyens des espèces les plus débarquées par la pêche hauturière et une analyse qualitative pour établir les structures démographiques des espèces les plus exploitées dans la région. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que, durant la période d'étude, les principales espèces débarquées par la pêche hauturière sont la sardinelle, le maquereau, le saurel, le rouget blanc, le pageot, la thonine, la seiche et la crevette royale. En examinant les débarquements saisonniers moyens des espèces les plus débarquées par type de pêche, nous avons remarqué que deux ou trois espèces dominent pour chaque saison. De plus, l'analyse des structures démographique des apports a montré que la majorité des individus débarqués sont matures, à l’exception du maquereau dont les captures sont constituées d’individus immatures, surtout pendant les saisons d’été et d’automne.
    Beschreibung: This work represents a contribution to the study of the offshore fishing activity in the governorate of Medenine, particularly at the port of Zarzis, during the period (june 2005-june 2006. It is to realize, through surveys conducted at the port, two types of analyzes: a quantitative analysis to determine the average seasonal landings of most landed species by fishing offshore units and qualitative analysis to determine the demographic structure of the most exploited species in the region. The obtained results showed that during the period of study, the main landed species by offshore fishing are sardinella, mackerel, horse mackerel, white mullet, sea bream, skipjack tuna, cuttlefish and the caramote prawn. By examining the average seasonal landings of the most landed species, we noticed that, for each season, two or three species dominate. Furthermore, analysis of demographic structures of the landings showed that the majority of landed individuals are mature, with the exception of mackerel catches which are composed of immature individuals, especially during the seasons of summer and autumn.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: analyse qualitative
    Beschreibung: pêche hauturière
    Schlagwort(e): Quality analysis ; Offshore ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Proceedings Paper , Refereed , Meeting abstract
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Se muestran las capturas históricas de la biajaiba (1935-2000), la evolución de las capturas del pargo (una de las especies de mayor interés económico en Cuba). Se evalúa la utilización de éstas artes de pesca en especies comerciales y su implicación con daños al medio ambiente. Se tiene en cuenta que los pargos criollos, la biajaiba y el caballerote representan el 20 % de las capturas.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: pesquería artesanal
    Beschreibung: cubera
    Beschreibung: cherna criolla
    Beschreibung: pesca del alto
    Beschreibung: pargo
    Beschreibung: rabirrubia
    Beschreibung: caballerote
    Beschreibung: biajaiba
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Un análisis de los datos arqueológicos e históricos sobre la pesca en Cuba muestra que el impacto de la población aborigen sobre los recursos pesqueros no fue significativo debido a su baja densidad poblacional y a las tecnologías de pesca. El interés por el oro, el tamaño de la población, las limitaciones tecnológicas para la pesca y preservación de las capturas así como las preferencias dietéticas de los españoles todas indican que la pesca tampoco fue una actividad económica importante durante los tres siglos que siguieron a la llegada de Colón. Las preferencias por la carne de res y el bacalao salado y la baja tasa de crecimiento poblacional durante el período colonial determinaron que la mayor parte de los recursos pesqueros, con la excepción del manatí y las tortugas marinas, permanecieran prácticamente inexplorados durante varios siglos después de la Conquista. Los datos estadísticos e históricos revelan que la pesca experimentó un rápido crecimiento desde 1950 y este patrón parece ser una característica común en el Caribe así como en otras partes del mundo. Las presiones sobre la vida marina fueron más evidentes en la segunda mitad del siglo xx cuando el crecimiento poblacional, las mejoras tecnológicas y las demandas del mercado aceleraron el sector pesquero así como la urbanización en la mayoría de los países del caribe.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Integrated management ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Proceedings Paper , Refereed , Article
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: A yield per recruit model has been used to compare the effects of mesh size increment on the yields and revenues of the fisheries of Cameroon under two different cases. Case 1 assumes the commercial fishery to move from the exploitation of three age-groups to two age-groups with no interactions with the artisanal fishery, whereas Case 2 takes into account these interactions. The difference in the percentage increase of yield per recruit between case 1 and case 2 is 61% at current fishing (46% and 18% yield per recruit increment in cases 1 and 2 respectively). The usually accepted long-term yield per recruit increment with increase of age at first capture (with a single non-interacting fisheries) is, in this case, cancelled out. However, the revenues increase by 72% and 63% in cases 1 and 2 respectively. Therefore the economic approach, compared with purely biological analyses, is more convincing. In general, as fisheries always interact, a single-fishery management approach should not be the rule as it is at present; management strategies should consider interactions between different fisheries and be based on their economic performances and not, as said earlier, on purely biological considerations. This is because a biological approach to fisheries management will, at best, be modified by economic factors, or, at worst, be ignored totally in favour of economic policies.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Fisheries ; Biological interaction ; Sciaenidae ; Fisheries development ; Fishery management ; Yield/recruit ; Commercial fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: La pêche au Sénégal joue un rôle économique et social très important par une contribution globale de près de 11% du PIB primaire et 2,3% du PIB total. Elle occupe de façon directe et indirecte environ 600 000 personnes, soit près de 17% de la population active selon la DP M. Cependant ces dernières décennies, les études ont montré que le secteur traverse une crise aiguë se traduisant par une raréfaction croissante des ressources, notamment les espèces nobles qui ont une forte valeur commerciale. Cette crise est due entre autres à une surexploitation de ces ressources qui est le résultat d’un manque de maîtrise de l’effort de pêche surtout pour les pêcheries artisanales (80% des débarquements et plus de 60% des approvisionnements des industries de la place) au regard du volume de ressources disponibles. Ce manque de maîtrise est dû essentiellement par un défaut du suivi contrôle et surveillance au niveau de la pêche artisanale par l’Etat, qui n’a pas les moyens humains et matériels pour appliquer des mesures de gestion, qui pour la plupart ne sont pas adaptées aux réalités des acteurs à la base. L’objet de cette étude est d’analyser une nouvelle approche axée sur la surveillance participative basée sur l’émergence d’initiatives locales de cogestion au niveau des quatre (04) sites du programme GIRMaC que sont ; Ouakam, Ngaparou, Foundiougne et Bétenty. Il ressort de cette étude que : • Le secteur de la pêche traverse une crise aiguë due principalement selon les acteurs à un défaut de suivi, contrôle et surveillance tel que appliqué actuellement ; • L’approche de cogestion avec des bases juridiques cohérentes, comme le propose le programme GIRMaC peut être un moyen viable pour solutionner à la crise que traverse la pêche ; • D’une part le système Suivi Contrôle et Surveillance coûte cher, d’autre part que ces coûts sont fortement amoindris lorsque les acteurs participent à l’effort de surveillance, par une démarche de surveillance participative en cogestion.
    Beschreibung: Président : Omar Thiom THIAW, Professeur UCAD Membres : • Niokhor DIOUF, Chercheur IUPA. • Luis Tito Morais, Chercheur IRD Dakar. • Djiby THIAM, Chercheur GIRMac
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: surveillance; contrôle; cogestion; effort de pêche; pêcherie; surexploitation; biodiversité; pêche artisanale
    Schlagwort(e): Ocean surveillance ; Ecosystem management ; Fishing effort ; Overexploitation ; Biodiversity ; Artisanal fishing ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Theses and Dissertations , Master thesis
    Format: 87
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: espéces pélagiques
    Beschreibung: sardine
    Beschreibung: pêche industrielle
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Industrial fish ; Fish products ; Fishing industry ; Fishing fleet
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Unpublished
    Beschreibung: conservation
    Beschreibung: chaine froide
    Beschreibung: poisson
    Schlagwort(e): Food conservation ; Fisheries ; Fish conversion ; Conservation (fishery products) ; Glass ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Pêche
    Beschreibung: Senneur
    Schlagwort(e): Seining ; Fisheries ; Fisheries ; Seiners
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: ACDI;CRDI; République Française, Ministère des Affaires Etrangéres; CDE; Enda Graf Sahel;
    Beschreibung: Conseil Info MPEA, Projer d'Accés à l'information et au Conseil pour les microet petites entreprises agroalimentaires; Projet d'Appui aux Opérateurs/trices de l'Agroalimentaires (PAOA); Cintech Agroalimentaire; Groupe de Recherche et d'Echanges Technologiques (GRET); Enda GRaf Sahel; SNC-LAVALIN International
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: transformation; transformation artisanale; échantillonage; collecte de données; commercialisation
    Schlagwort(e): Processing fishery products ; Biological sampling ; Data collections ; Marketing and distribution ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Theses and Dissertations , Master thesis
    Format: 41
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Français - Les traits essentiels de la côte sénégalaise, repères historiques de la pêche, communautés de pêcheurs, caractéristiques des flottes et modes d’accès à la ressource et d’interaction sont analysés. Les caractéristiques, tendances décroissantes de l’abondance,niveaux d’exploitation, mesures d’aménagement, relations interspécifiques, changements potentiels et sources de variation des stocks démersaux côtiers sont précisés. Les notions de tactiques et stratégies de pêche sont passées en revue, conceptualisées puis étudiées.Le modèle «Dynamique Conjointe Exploitation Ressource» utilisé repose sur la définition de 4 typologies. L’utilisation de méthodes de classification et de connaissances d’experts conduit à considérer 32 stocks, 31 strates, 82 tactiques et 25 flottilles artisanales et chalutières. Les typologies sont articulées avec la prise en compte de paramètres relatifs à l’économie, aux stocks, flottilles et règles de décisions. L’ajustement est satisfaisant en partie. Toutefois, le modèle garde son importance en matière de prospective et d’objectifs à atteindre via la définition de variables de contrôle. Notre travail peut être considéré comme une esquisse invitant à un groupe de travail élargi aux experts des institutions halieutiques nationales voire, sous-régionales. Des propositions sont faites sur les bases de données, les licences de pêche et l’étude des tactiques et stratégies à mener suivant des pas de temps raisonnables pour tenir compte du grand dynamisme des pêcheries. Dès lors qu'il s’agit de caractériser l'impact de la pêche sur l'écosystème, ces travaux sont des éléments essentiels des recherches à faire sur la dynamique des écosystèmes exploités. English - The essential features of the Senegalese coast, fisheries history, fishermen's communities, artisanal and trawling fleet’s characteristics and their way of accessing to the resource and interactions are described. The characteristics, evolutionary tendencies of abundance, level of exploitation, measures of fisheries management, interspecific relationship, potential evolutionary changes and sources of variation of coastal demersal stocks are specified. Tactics and strategies are reviewed, conceptualized and studied. We used the model "Dynamique Conjointe Exploitation Ressource" which lies on 32 stocks, 31 strata, 82 tactics, 25 fleets and several other parameters dealing with stocks, fleets, economy and making decision rules. The adjustment is partially satisfactory but the model is of great interest for prospective studies and objectives to reach once defined variables of control. Our work is an outline calling for an enlarged working group implying national or sub regional fisheries institutional experts. Tactics and strategies studies, re-actualized in artisanal fisheries, are performed for the first time in industrial fisheries. The typological approach is simple, pertinent, efficacy and fast. Propositions are made relatively to databases, fishing licenses and tactics and strategies studies that should be implemented according to a reasonable time steps in order to take into account the big dynamism of the Senegalese fisheries. As it is intended to characterize fisheries impact on ecosystem, these works are one of essential research elements on the dynamic of exploited ecosystems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: pêcherie; démersale côtière; modélisation; stocks; écosystème; communauté de pêcheurs; eaux continentales; eaux marines; saison hydrologique; pêcheur; flottille; crevettier; capture; aménagement des pêcheries; pêche chalutière; pêche artisanale; licence de pêche; permis de pêche
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Modelling ; Stocks ; Ecosystems ; Community fishing ; Inland waters ; Marine water ; Hydrologic cycle ; Fishermen ; Fishing fleet ; Shrimp fisheries ; Capture fisheries ; Fisheries management ; Trawling ; Artisanal fishing ; Fishing licenses
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Theses and Dissertations , Bachelor thesis
    Format: 234
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  • 33
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: conservation
    Beschreibung: produits
    Beschreibung: pêche
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; Fisheries ; Fish products
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Ecological Society of America
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 23 (2013): 959–971, doi:10.1890/12-0447.1.
    Beschreibung: The biological benefits of marine reserves have garnered favor in the conservation community, but “no-take” reserve implementation is complicated by the economic interests of fishery stakeholders. There are now a number of studies examining the conditions under which marine reserves can provide both economic and ecological benefits. A potentially important reality of fishing that these studies overlook is that fishing can damage the habitat of the target stock. Here, we construct an equilibrium bioeconomic model that incorporates this habitat damage and show that the designation of marine reserves, coupled with the implementation of a tax on fishing effort, becomes both biologically and economically favorable as habitat sensitivity increases. We also study the effects of varied degrees of spatial control on fisheries management. Together, our results provide further evidence for the potential monetary and biological value of spatial management, and the possibility of a mutually beneficial resolution to the fisherman–conservationist marine reserve designation dilemma.
    Beschreibung: M. G. Neubert acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (DMS-0532378, OCE-1031256) and a Thomas B. Wheeler Award for Ocean Science and Society. H. V. Moeller acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. This research is based in part on work supported by Award No. USA 00002 made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
    Schlagwort(e): Bioeconomics ; Destructive fishing practices ; Fisheries ; Habitat damage ; Marine protected areas ; Marine reserves ; Optimal control ; Optimal harvesting ; Spatial management
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino | Madrid (Espagne)
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Description du secteur de la pêche Avec la Mauritanie, le Sénégal est de loin le plus grand producteur de produits de pêche de la sous région. Avec 718 km de cote et un territoire maritime de 198km2, 15 745 km2 de superficie fluviale, 2 estuaires, des mangroves et un lac de 350km2, le Sénégal possède tous les atouts des plus grands producteurs de pêche. Le potentiel annuel de captures s’élève à 500 000 tonnes. Le secteur a subi une croissance spectaculaire ces trente dernières années : les débarquements sont passés 50 000 tonnes en 1965 à plus de 450 000 en 1997. Le secteur se compose principalement de deux sous-secteurs : la pêche industrielle et la pêche traditionnelle ou artisanale. Cette dernière, vielle de plusieurs siècles a su s’adapter et se moderniser au cours des dernières décennies. La flotte de pêche artisanale est dynamique et diversifiée ; selon les estimations, en 2005 il y avait plus de 13 000 pirogues. La pêche artisanale se concentre dans sept régions maritimes et fluviales du pays: Dakar, Thiès, Saint Louis, Fatick, Zinguinchor, Louga et Kaolack. Le port de Kayar dans la région de Thiès correspond à la principale zone de débarquement de la pêche artisanale avec environ 70% des débarquements. Dans le secteur industriel, les pêcheurs travaillent à bord d’une flottille de petits sardiniers, de 143 chalutiers destinés à la pêche d’espèces demersales, de 3 sardiniers et de 42 thoniers. Alors que le Sénégal domine largement le sous-secteur demersale avec 70% des chalutiers opérants, le pays ne possède que 6 thoniers contre 38 étrangers, dont une partie seulement des captures est débarquée au Sénégal. La pêche industrielle est concentrée autour de la capitale dans le Port autonome de Dakar et des ports secondaires de Saint Louis, Kaolack et Ziguinchor. Aujourd’hui, le secteur de la pêche sénégalaise est largement dominé par la pêche artisanale, qui constituait 90% des cargaisons totales des produits de la mer en 2006 avec 350 000 tonnes. Plus de 60% des produits de la pêche artisanale sont destinés à l’exportation et la transformation. En 2006, le secteur dans son ensemble représentait 9% du PIB du secteur primaire, 1.5% du PIB total, et 1/3 des devises étrangères (250 millions de dollars par an). Plus importante que le poids économique du secteur, est son poids social : la pêche génère indirectement 600 000 emplois, dont 67% au sein du secteur artisanal. En outre, les produits de la pêche comblent les besoins en protéines animales de la population sénégalaise à hauteur de 75%1. La pêche a connu une expansion spectaculaire au cours des dernières décennies grâce à l’impulsion de politiques publiques de développement basées sur une logique sectorielle productiviste. Une flotte nationale artisanale et industrielle a été progressivement mise en place ainsi que de fortes capacités de transformation industrielle. Cet engagement de l’Etat a ensuite connu un net ralentissement du fait, entre autre, des politiques d’ajustement structurel. Le renchérissement des coûts de production subséquents à la dévaluation du franc CFA en 1994 a lourdement affecté les pêcheurs. Parallèlement, avec la forte demande en produits halieutiques et en l’absence de politiques adéquates et cohérentes de gestion durable des ressources exploitables, une situation de surexploitation des ressources halieutiques s’est installée. En conséquence de la raréfaction des ressources halieutiques, la pêche sénégalaise traverse une crise sans précédent, dont les effets commencent à se faire sentir à tous les niveaux : appauvrissement des communautés de pêcheurs, menace de l’approvisionnement en poisson des populations, baisse des captures à haute valeur ajoutée, baisse des exportations, baisse de la rentabilité et des revenus des unités de pêche. Par ailleurs, de plus en plus d’établissements de transformation industrielle ferment (23 entreprises entre 1999 et 2006).
    Beschreibung: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Y Medio Rural y Marino
    Beschreibung: Pablo Manuel Xandri Royo CTP Proyecto (INT/07/16M/SPA) Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del Convenio de Colaboración entre el actual Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino de España y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo de 28 de diciembre de 2007
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: environnement; socio-économie; pêche; capture; débarquement; engin de pêche; femme; pêcheur; convention internationale; réglementation
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Marine environment ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Capture fisheries ; Landing statistics ; Fishing gear ; Women ; Fishermen ; Conventions ; Fishery regulations
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 208
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  • 36
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Programme KURUKAN FUGAN (Union Européenne/Gouvernement du Sénégal/EndaGraf/GRET)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: politique de pêche; environnement marin; socio-économie; co-gestion; aquaculture; pêche artisanale; pêche industrielle; pêcherie; ONG; AMP; ressource halieutique; organisations professionnelles
    Schlagwort(e): Marine environment ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Fishery management ; Aquaculture ; Artisanal fishing ; Fisheries ; Industrial fish ; Fishery resources ; Fishing policy ; Protected areas ; Professionals
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Book , Non-Refereed , Article
    Format: 26
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-18
    Beschreibung: En la época colonial algunas especies de peces cubanos retienen sus nombres por los cuales eran conocidos por los aborígenes: biajaca, biajaiba, cojinúa, jiguagua, cibí. Aún hoy se designan de igual forma. En esta época aparece la primera obra científica impresa en Cuba, los primeros pueblos pescadores y los primeros científicos.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-18
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: especies nativas
    Beschreibung: pesca
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Indigenous species ; Indigenous fishing
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-18
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-18
    Beschreibung: Recuento en forma breve de las pesquerías de estas especies durante varios siglos, en los cuales los sabios Parra y Felipe Poey ofrecen descripciones. Precios, lugares de captura y pescadores son los protagonistas.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Emperador-Xiphias gladius
    Beschreibung: pez espada
    Beschreibung: castero-Makaira nigricans
    Beschreibung: aguja blanca-Tetrapturus albidus
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Fishes
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 41
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-18
    Beschreibung: Causas del descenso en las pesquerías de estas especies a partir de 1975. Se describen las técnicas y artes de pesca empleadas y se abunda en la complejidad de las capturas y las características de los palangres empleados para cada especie. Una comparación es establecida además con países del área. De forma muy didáctica e instructiva.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: castero-Makaira nigricans
    Beschreibung: Emperador-Xiphias gladius
    Beschreibung: aguja blanca-Tetrapturus albidus
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Fishes
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-07-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, Cameron -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 4;499(7456):115-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23841144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Authorship ; Biodiversity ; Congresses as Topic ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Ecology/education ; *Education, Graduate ; Fisheries ; *Group Processes ; International Cooperation ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Research Personnel/*education ; Research Report ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-05-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):546-7. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6132.546.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Aquaculture ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Bays ; *Earthquakes ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Geologic Sediments ; Japan ; Pacific Ocean ; *Tsunamis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-19
    Beschreibung: The AMELIA Cruise-Efficient Short Take-off and Landing (CESTOL) configuration concept was developed to meet future requirements of reduced field length, noise, and fuel burn by researchers at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo and Georgia Tech Research Institute under sponsorship by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program (FAP), Subsonic Fixed Wing Project. The novel configuration includes leading- and trailing-edge circulation control wing (CCW), over-wing podded turbine propulsion simulation (TPS). Extensive aerodynamic measurements of forces, surfaces pressures, and wing surface skin friction measurements were recently measured over a wide range of test conditions in the Arnold Engineering Development Center(AEDC) National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80-Ft Wind Tunnel. Acoustic measurements of the model were also acquired for each configuration with 7 fixed microphones on a line under the left wing, and with a 48-element, 40-inch diameter phased microphone array under the right wing. This presentation will discuss acoustic characteristics of the CCW system for a variety of tunnel speeds (0 to 120 kts), model configurations (leading edge(LE) and/or trailing-edge(TE) slot blowing, and orientations (incidence and yaw) based on acoustic measurements acquired concurrently with the aerodynamic measurements. The flow coefficient, Cmu= mVSLOT/qSW varied from 0 to 0.88 at 40 kts, and from 0 to 0.15 at 120 kts. Here m is the slot mass flow rate, VSLOT is the slot exit velocity, q is dynamic pressure, and SW is wing surface area. Directivities at selected 1/3 octave bands will be compared with comparable measurements of a 2-D wing at GTRI, as will as microphone array near-field measurements of the right wing at maximum flow rate. The presentation will include discussion of acoustic sensor calibrations as well as characterization of the wind tunnel background noise environment.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN5354 , 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 07, 2013 - Jan 10, 2013; Grapevine, TX; United States
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  • 45
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper describes the maturation of a control allocation technique designed to assist pilots in the recovery from pilot induced oscillations (PIOs). The Control Allocation technique to recover from Pilot Induced Oscillations (CAPIO) is designed to enable next generation high efficiency aircraft designs. Energy efficient next generation aircraft require feedback control strategies that will enable lowering the actuator rate limit requirements for optimal airframe design. One of the common issues flying with actuator rate limits is PIOs caused by the phase lag between the pilot inputs and control surface response. CAPIO utilizes real-time optimization for control allocation to eliminate phase lag in the system caused by control surface rate limiting. System impacts of the control allocator were assessed through a piloted simulation evaluation of a non-linear aircraft simulation in the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator. Results indicate that CAPIO helps reduce oscillatory behavior, including the severity and duration of PIOs, introduced by control surface rate limiting.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN10070 , AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 19, 2013 - Aug 22, 2013; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A robust control law design methodology is presented to stabilize the X-56A model and command its wing shape. The X-56A was purposely designed to experience flutter modes in its flight envelope. The methodology introduces three phases: the controller design phase, the modal filter design phase, and the reference signal design phase. A mu-optimal controller is designed and made robust to speed and parameter variations. A conversion technique is presented for generating sensor strain modes from sensor deformation mode shapes. The sensor modes are utilized for modal filtering and simulating fiber optic sensors for feedback to the controller. To generate appropriate virtual deformation reference signals, rigid-body corrections are introduced to the deformation mode shapes. After successful completion of the phases, virtual deformation control is demonstrated. The wing is deformed and it is shown that angle-of-attack changes occur which could potentially be used to an advantage. The X-56A program must demonstrate active flutter suppression. It is shown that the virtual deformation controller can achieve active flutter suppression on the X-56A simulation model.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN10283 , AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 19, 2013 - Aug 22, 2013; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) will perform a flight test known as Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) currently scheduled for 2014. One of the primary functions of this test is to exercise all of the important Guidance, Navigation, Control (GN&C), and Propulsion systems, along with the flight software for future flights. The Descent and Landing segment of the flight is governed by the requirements levied on the GN&C system by the Landing and Recovery System (LRS). The LRS is a complex system of parachutes and flight control modes that ensure that the Orion MPCV safely lands at its designated target in the Pacific Ocean. The Descent and Landing segment begins with the jettisoning of the Forward Bay Cover and concludes with sensing touchdown. This paper discusses the requirements, design, testing, analysis and performance of the current EFT-1 Descent and Landing Triggers flight software.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: JSC-CN-27920 , 36th Annual AAS Guidance and Control Conference; Feb 01, 2013 - Feb 06, 2013; Breckenridge, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 48
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A method for transfer function identification, including both model structure determination and parameter estimation, was developed and demonstrated. The approach uses orthogonal modeling functions generated from frequency domain data obtained by Fourier transformation of time series data. The method was applied to simulation data to identify continuous-time transfer function models and unsteady aerodynamic models. Model fit error, estimated model parameters, and the associated uncertainties were used to show the effectiveness of the method for identifying accurate transfer function models from noisy data.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-15987 , Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 19, 2013 - Aug 22, 2013; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Flight test and modeling techniques were developed for efficiently identifying global aerodynamic models that can be used to accurately simulate stall, upset, and recovery on large transport airplanes. The techniques were developed and validated in a high-fidelity fixed-base flight simulator using a wind-tunnel aerodynamic database, realistic sensor characteristics, and a realistic flight deck representative of a large transport aircraft. Results demonstrated that aerodynamic models for stall, upset, and recovery can be identified rapidly and accurately using relatively simple piloted flight test maneuvers. Stall maneuver predictions and comparisons of identified aerodynamic models with data from the underlying simulation aerodynamic database were used to validate the techniques.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-15959 , Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 19, 2013 - Aug 22, 2013; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Active Flow Control (AFC) experiments performed at the Caltech Lucas Adaptive Wall Wind Tunnel on a 12%-thick, generic vertical tail model indicated that sweeping jets emanating from the trailing edge (TE) of the vertical stabilizer significantly increased the side force coefficient for a wide range of rudder deflection angles and yaw angles at free-stream velocities approaching takeoff rotation speed. The results indicated that 2% blowing momentum coefficient (C(sub mu) increased the side force in excess of 50% at the maximum conventional rudder deflection angle in the absence of yaw. Even C(sub mu) = 0.5% increased the side force in excess of 20% under these conditions. This effort was sponsored by the NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) project and the successful demonstration of this flow-control application could have far reaching implications. It could lead to effective applications of AFC technologies on key aircraft control surfaces and lift enhancing devices (flaps) that would aid in reduction of fuel consumption through a decrease in size and weight of wings and control surfaces or a reduction of the noise footprint due to steeper climb and descent.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: AIAA Paper 2013-0411 , NF1676L-15910 , 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 07, 2013 - Jan 10, 2013; Grapevine, TX; United States
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Integrated structural control of extremely lightweight vehicles will open a new paradigm and allow for performance increases. The X-56A Multi-Utility Technology Testbed (MUTT) vehicle will be used to evaluate and advance the state-of-the-art in modeling and control of this new class of aerospace vehicle.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN7649
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 52
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Numerical simulations to assess the effectiveness of Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) for active control of dynamic systems having rigid-body modes are presented. GPC is a linear, time-invariant, multi-input/multi-output predictive control method that uses an ARX model to characterize the system and to design the controller. Although the method can accommodate both embedded (implicit) and explicit feedforward paths for incorporation of disturbance effects, only the case of embedded feedforward in which the disturbances are assumed to be unknown is considered here. Results from numerical simulations using mathematical models of both a free-free three-degree-of-freedom mass-spring-dashpot system and the XV-15 tiltrotor research aircraft are presented. In regulation mode operation, which calls for zero system response in the presence of disturbances, the simulations showed reductions of nearly 100%. In tracking mode operations, where the system is commanded to follow a specified path, the GPC controllers produced the desired responses, even in the presence of disturbances.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2013-217976 , NF1676L-15781 , L-20211
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 53
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Integration of the Control Allocation technique to recover from Pilot Induced Oscillations (CAPIO) System into the control system of a Short Takeoff and Landing Mobility Concept Vehicle simulation presents a challenge because the CAPIO formulation requires that constrained optimization problems be solved at the controller operating frequency. We present a solution that utilizes a modified version of the well-known L-BFGS-B solver. Despite the iterative nature of the solver, the method is seen to converge in real time with sufficient reliability to support three weeks of piloted runs at the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) facility. The results of the optimization are seen to be excellent in the vast majority of real-time frames. Deficiencies in the quality of the results in some frames are shown to be improvable with simple termination criteria adjustments, though more real-time optimization iterations would be required.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN10068 , AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 19, 2013 - Aug 22, 2013; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 54
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Air traffic management simulations conducted in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at NASA Ames Research Center have addressed the integration of trajectory-based arrival-management automation, controller tools, and Flight-Deck Interval Management avionics to enable Continuous Descent Operations (CDOs) during periods of sustained high traffic demand. The simulations are devoted to maturing the integrated system for field demonstration, and refining the controller tools, clearance phraseology, and procedures specified in the associated concept of operations. The results indicate a variety of factors impact the concept's safety and viability from a controller's perspective, including en-route preconditioning of arrival flows, useable clearance phraseology, and the characteristics of airspace, routes, and traffic-management methods in use at a particular site. Clear understanding of automation behavior and required shifts in roles and responsibilities is important for controller acceptance and realizing potential benefits. This paper discusses the simulations, drawing parallels with results from related European efforts. The most recent study found en-route controllers can effectively precondition arrival flows, which significantly improved route conformance during CDOs. Controllers found the tools acceptable, in line with previous studies.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN7723 , USA/Europe Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar (ATC2013); Jun 10, 2013; Chicago, IL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 55
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The NASA Langley Research Center Cockpit Motion Facility (CMF) was used to conduct a piloted simulation assessment of the impact of flexible structures on flying qualities. The CMF was used because of its relatively high bandwidth, six degree-of-freedom motion capability. Previous studies assessed and attempted to mitigate the effects of multiple dynamic aeroservoelastic modes (DASE). Those results indicated problems existed, but the specific cause and effect was difficult to ascertain. The goal of this study was to identify specific DASE frequencies, damping ratios, and gains that cause degradation in handling qualities. A generic aircraft simulation was developed and designed to have Cooper-Harper Level 1 handling qualities when flown without DASE models. A test matrix of thirty-six DASE modes was implemented. The modes had frequencies ranging from 1 to 3.5 Hz and were applied to each axis independently. Each mode consisted of a single axis, frequency, damping, and gain, and was evaluated individually by six subject pilots with test pilot backgrounds. Analysis completed to date suggests that a number of the DASE models evaluated degrade the handling qualities of this class of aircraft to an uncontrollable condition.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-16024 , AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 19, 2013 - Aug 22, 2013; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Frequency response estimation results are presented using piloted inputs and a real-time estimation method recently developed for multisine inputs. A nonlinear simulation of the F-16 and a Piper Saratoga research aircraft were subjected to different piloted test inputs while the short period stabilator/elevator to pitch rate frequency response was estimated. Results show that the method can produce accurate results using wide-band piloted inputs instead of multisines. A new metric is introduced for evaluating which data points to include in the analysis and recommendations are provided for applying this method with piloted inputs.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-15957 , AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 19, 2013 - Aug 22, 2013; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 57
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: No abstract available
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: JPL Division 326 Weekly Seminar; Aug 15, 2015; Pasadena, CA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 58
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Maximizing turbine up-time and reducing maintenance costs are key technology drivers for wind turbine operators. Components within wind turbines are subject to considerable stresses due to unpredictable environmental conditions resulting from rapidly changing local dynamics. In that context, systems health management has the aim to assess the state-of-health of components within a wind turbine, to estimate remaining life, and to aid in autonomous decision-making to minimize damage to the turbine. Advanced contingency control is one way to enable autonomous decision-making by providing the mechanism to enable safe and efficient turbine operation. The work reported herein explores the integration of condition monitoring of wind turbines with contingency control to balance the trade-offs between maintaining system health and energy capture. The contingency control involves de-rating the generator operating point to achieve reduced loads on the wind turbine. Results are demonstrated using a high fidelity simulator of a utility-scale wind turbine.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN11294 , International Conference on Future Technologies for Wind Energy; Oct 07, 2013 - Oct 09, 2013; Laramie, WY; United States
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Air traffic demand is predicted to increase over the next 20 years, creating a need for new technologies and procedures to support this growth in a safe and efficient manner. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Air Traffic Management Technology Demonstration - 1 (ATD-1) will operationally demonstrate the feasibility of efficient arrival operations combining ground-based and airborne NASA technologies. The integration of these technologies will increase throughput, reduce delay, conserve fuel, and minimize environmental impacts. The ground-based tools include Traffic Management Advisor with Terminal Metering for precise time-based scheduling and Controller Managed Spacing decision support tools for better managing aircraft delay with speed control. The core airborne technology in ATD-1 is Flight deck-based Interval Management (FIM). FIM tools provide pilots with speed commands calculated using information from Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast. The precise merging and spacing enabled by FIM avionics and flight crew procedures will reduce excess spacing buffers and result in higher terminal throughput. This paper describes a human-in-the-loop experiment designed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the ATD-1 procedures used in a voice communications environment. This experiment utilized the ATD-1 integrated system of ground-based and airborne technologies. Pilot participants flew a high-fidelity fixed base simulator equipped with an airborne spacing algorithm and a FIM crew interface. Experiment scenarios involved multiple air traffic flows into the Dallas-Fort Worth Terminal Radar Control airspace. Results indicate that the proposed procedures were feasible for use by flight crews in a voice communications environment. The delivery accuracy at the achieve-by point was within +/- five seconds and the delivery precision was less than five seconds. Furthermore, FIM speed commands occurred at a rate of less than one per minute, and pilots found the frequency of the speed commands to be acceptable at all times throughout the experiment scenarios.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-16028 , AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference; Aug 19, 2013 - Aug 22, 2013; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 60
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: No abstract available
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: International Planetary Probe Workshop (IPPW-10); Jun 15, 2013 - Jun 16, 2013; San Jose, CA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Se presentan los resultados de monitoreo de las poblaciones comerciales de cobo en el área comprendida entre los cayos El Cabezo y Boca de Sagua (220 49`N--230 04`N y los 790 35W—800 07´ `W), plataforma Norte de la Provincia de Villa Clara. A partir de los resultados de las densidades de individuos como índice de la abundancia y la estructura poblacional encontrada, se propone un potencial de captura de 104 TM (peso entero). Además, se definen las medidas de manejo para el uso sostenible del recurso Eustrombus gigas en esta zona. El aprovechamiento en carne desembarcada (Eviscerada y sin manto) para individuos adultos con talla comercial se obtiene por un factor de 0,074 (7,4%) del peso entero, que representa 7,7 TM. Se excluye el área protegida desde Las Picúas hasta Cayo Cristo.
    Beschreibung: cobo (Eustrombus gigas), Caibarién, Villa Clara
    Schlagwort(e): Monitoring ; Fisheries management ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Preprint
    Format: 4
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  • 62
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2012. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Taylor & Francis for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Aquaculture Economics & Management 16 (2012): 167-181, doi:10.1080/13657305.2012.678551.
    Beschreibung: This study presents a framework for analyzing the interactions between aquaculture and capture fisheries in the context of ecosystem-based management. We extend a model of the economic and ecological systems in coastal New England by incorporating an aquaculture sector in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and by examining the forage fish and aquaculture link in a marine food web. We show that aquaculture and commercial fisheries interact in a complex way throughout the economic and ecological systems.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported by the NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant Program (Award No. NA09NMF4270097), the MIT Sea Grant College Program (NOAA Award No. NA10OAR4170086, Subaward No. 5710002974), and the Johnson Endowment of the WHOI Marine Policy Center.
    Beschreibung: 2013-06-08
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Ecosystem-based management ; CGE model ; Food web model ; Forage fish
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 63
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-08-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoag, Hannah -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 23;488(7412):437-8. doi: 10.1038/488437a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22914141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Policy ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Fisheries ; Food, Genetically Modified/adverse effects ; Freshwater Biology/*economics/trends ; *Lakes/analysis/chemistry/microbiology ; Metal Nanoparticles/adverse effects/toxicity ; Ontario ; Phosphorus/adverse effects/toxicity ; Silver/adverse effects/toxicity ; Toxicology/*economics/trends ; Universities/organization & administration ; Water Pollutants/adverse effects/*toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 64
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-12-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trathan, Philip N -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 13;492(7428):186. doi: 10.1038/492186b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Fisheries ; *Oceans and Seas
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-08-17
    Beschreibung: The ocean plays a critical role in supporting human well-being, from providing food, livelihoods and recreational opportunities to regulating the global climate. Sustainable management aimed at maintaining the flow of a broad range of benefits from the ocean requires a comprehensive and quantitative method to measure and monitor the health of coupled human-ocean systems. We created an index comprising ten diverse public goals for a healthy coupled human-ocean system and calculated the index for every coastal country. Globally, the overall index score was 60 out of 100 (range 36-86), with developed countries generally performing better than developing countries, but with notable exceptions. Only 5% of countries scored higher than 70, whereas 32% scored lower than 50. The index provides a powerful tool to raise public awareness, direct resource management, improve policy and prioritize scientific research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halpern, Benjamin S -- Longo, Catherine -- Hardy, Darren -- McLeod, Karen L -- Samhouri, Jameal F -- Katona, Steven K -- Kleisner, Kristin -- Lester, Sarah E -- O'Leary, Jennifer -- Ranelletti, Marla -- Rosenberg, Andrew A -- Scarborough, Courtney -- Selig, Elizabeth R -- Best, Benjamin D -- Brumbaugh, Daniel R -- Chapin, F Stuart -- Crowder, Larry B -- Daly, Kendra L -- Doney, Scott C -- Elfes, Cristiane -- Fogarty, Michael J -- Gaines, Steven D -- Jacobsen, Kelsey I -- Karrer, Leah Bunce -- Leslie, Heather M -- Neeley, Elizabeth -- Pauly, Daniel -- Polasky, Stephen -- Ris, Bud -- St Martin, Kevin -- Stone, Gregory S -- Sumaila, U Rashid -- Zeller, Dirk -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 30;488(7413):615-20. doi: 10.1038/nature11397.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St Suite 300, Santa Barbara, California 93101, USA. halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/*methods ; Environmental Policy ; Fisheries ; Geography ; Human Activities/standards/statistics & numerical data ; *Internationality ; Marine Biology/*methods ; Oceanography/*methods ; Oceans and Seas ; Recreation ; *Seawater ; Water Pollution/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-12-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, Lindsay N K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 21;338(6114):1538-9. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6114.1538.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Fisheries ; Population Dynamics ; *Sharks
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A method is presented for the optimization of the lift distribution across the wing of an aircraft in formation flight. The usual elliptical distribution is no longer optimal for the trailing wing in the formation due to the asymmetric nature of the encountered flow field. Control surfaces along the trailing edge of the wing can be configured to obtain a non-elliptical profile that is more optimal in terms of minimum drag. Due to the difficult-to-predict nature of formation flight aerodynamics, a Newton-Raphson peak-seeking controller is used to identify in real time the best aileron and flap deployment scheme for minimum total drag. Simulation results show that the peak-seeking controller correctly identifies an optimal trim configuration that provides additional drag savings above those achieved with conventional anti-symmetric aileron trim.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN5687 , Guidance Navigation and Control Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Flight deck based Interval Management (FIM) applications using ADS-B are being developed to improve both the safety and capacity of the National Airspace System (NAS). FIM is expected to improve the safety and efficiency of the NAS by giving pilots the technology and procedures to precisely achieve an interval behind the preceding aircraft by a specific point. Concurrently but independently, Optimized Profile Descents (OPD) are being developed to help reduce fuel consumption and noise, however, the range of speeds available when flying an OPD results in a decrease in the delivery precision of aircraft to the runway. This requires the addition of a spacing buffer between aircraft, reducing system throughput. FIM addresses this problem by providing pilots with speed guidance to achieve a precise interval behind another aircraft, even while flying optimized descents. The Interval Management with Spacing to Parallel Dependent Runways (IMSPiDR) human-in-the-loop experiment employed 24 commercial pilots to explore the use of FIM equipment to conduct spacing operations behind two aircraft arriving to parallel runways, while flying an OPD during high-density operations. This paper describes the impact of variations in pilot operations; in particular configuring the aircraft, their compliance with FIM operating procedures, and their response to changes of the FIM speed. An example of the displayed FIM speeds used incorrectly by a pilot is also discussed. Finally, this paper examines the relationship between achieving airline operational goals for individual aircraft and the need for ATC to deliver aircraft to the runway with greater precision. The results show that aircraft can fly an OPD and conduct FIM operations to dependent parallel runways, enabling operational goals to be achieved efficiently while maintaining system throughput.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-14261 , 12th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference; Sep 17, 2012 - Sep 19, 2012; Indianapolis, IN; United States
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  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A method for accurately identifying aircraft dynamic models in turbulence was developed and demonstrated. The method uses orthogonal optimized multisine excitation inputs and an analytic method for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio for dynamic modeling in turbulence. A turbulence metric was developed to accurately characterize the turbulence level using flight measurements. The modeling technique was demonstrated in simulation, then applied to a subscale twin-engine jet transport aircraft in flight. Comparisons of modeling results obtained in turbulent air to results obtained in smooth air were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-14085 , 2012 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Subscale flight-testing provides a means to validate both dynamic models and mitigation technologies in the high-risk flight conditions associated with aircraft loss of control. The Airborne Subscale Transport Aircraft Research (AirSTAR) facility was designed to be a flexible and efficient research facility to address this type of flight-testing. Over the last several years (2009-2011) it has been used to perform 58 research flights with an unmanned, remotely-piloted, dynamically-scaled airplane. This paper will present an overview of the facility and its architecture and summarize the experimental data collected. All flights to date have been conducted within visual range of a safety observer. Current plans for the facility include expanding the test volume to altitudes and distances well beyond visual range. The architecture and instrumentation changes associated with this upgrade will also be presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: AIAA Paper 2012-5029 , Paper No. 1345315 , NF1676L-14059 , 2012 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 71
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A new method is presented for estimating frequency responses and their uncertainties from wind-tunnel data in real time. The method uses orthogonal phase-optimized multi- sine excitation inputs and a recursive Fourier transform with a least-squares estimator. The method was first demonstrated with an F-16 nonlinear flight simulation and results showed that accurate short period frequency responses were obtained within 10 seconds. The method was then applied to wind-tunnel data from a previous aeroelastic test of the Joined- Wing SensorCraft. Frequency responses describing bending strains from simultaneous control surface excitations were estimated in a time-efficient manner.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-14035 , 2012 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The present study demonstrates the efficacy of a recurrent artificial neural network to provide a high fidelity time-dependent nonlinear reduced-order model (ROM) for flutter/limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) modeling. An artificial neural network is a relatively straightforward nonlinear method for modeling an input-output relationship from a set of known data, for which we use the radial basis function (RBF) with its parameters determined through a training process. The resulting RBF neural network, however, is only static and is not yet adequate for an application to problems of dynamic nature. The recurrent neural network method [1] is applied to construct a reduced order model resulting from a series of high-fidelity time-dependent data of aero-elastic simulations. Once the RBF neural network ROM is constructed properly, an accurate approximate solution can be obtained at a fraction of the cost of a full-order computation. The method derived during the study has been validated for predicting nonlinear aerodynamic forces in transonic flow and is capable of accurate flutter/LCO simulations. The obtained results indicate that the present recurrent RBF neural network is accurate and efficient for nonlinear aero-elastic system analysis
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: AIAA Paper 2012-5446 , 14th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference; Sep 17, 2012 - Sep 19, 2012; Indianapolis, IN; United States
    Format: text
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  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A method is presented for the in-flight optimization of the lift distribution across the wing for minimum drag of an aircraft in formation flight. The usual elliptical distribution that is optimal for a given wing with a given span is no longer optimal for the trailing wing in a formation due to the asymmetric nature of the encountered flow field. Control surfaces along the trailing edge of the wing can be configured to obtain a non-elliptical profile that is more optimal in terms of minimum combined induced and profile drag. Due to the difficult-to-predict nature of formation flight aerodynamics, a Newton-Raphson peak-seeking controller is used to identify in real time the best aileron and flap deployment scheme for minimum total drag. Simulation results show that the peak-seeking controller correctly identifies an optimal trim configuration that provides additional drag savings above those achieved with conventional anti-symmetric aileron trim.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN5266 , Guidance Navigation and Control Conference; Jul 22, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a new tool designed to allow for rapid development and testing of different control algorithms for airborne spacing. This tool, Interval Management Modeling and Spacing Tool (IM MAST), is a fast-time, low-fidelity tool created to model the approach of aircraft to a runway, with a focus on their interactions with each other. Errors can be induced between pairs of aircraft by varying initial positions, winds, speed profiles, and altitude profiles. Results to-date show that only a few of the algorithms tested had poor behavior in the arrival and approach environment. The majority of the algorithms showed only minimal variation in performance under the test conditions. Trajectory-based algorithms showed high susceptibility to wind forecast errors, while performing marginally better than the other algorithms under other conditions. Trajectory-based algorithms have a sizable advantage, however, of being able to perform relative spacing operations between aircraft on different arrival routes and flight profiles without employing ghosting. methods. This comes at the higher cost of substantially increased complexity, however. Additionally, it was shown that earlier initiation of relative spacing operations provided more time for corrections to be made without any significant problems in the spacing operation itself. Initiating spacing farther out, however, would require more of the aircraft to begin spacing before they merge onto a common route.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-14473 , 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference; Oct 14, 2012 - Oct 18, 2012; Williamsburg, VA; United States
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Top level description of work on integrated structural control of extremely lightweight flexible aircraft. Includes motivation and challenges as well as a description of the X-56A vehicle.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN5285 , NESC Guidance and Controls Face-to-Face Meeting; Jun 12, 2012; Hampton, VA; United States
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Loss of control (LOC) is one of the largest contributors to fatal aircraft accidents worldwide. LOC accidents are complex in that they can result from numerous causal and contributing factors acting alone or (more often) in combination. These LOC hazards include vehicle impairment conditions, external disturbances; vehicle upset conditions, and inappropriate crew actions or responses. Hence, there is no single intervention strategy to prevent these accidents. NASA previously defined a comprehensive research and technology development approach for reducing LOC accidents and an associated integrated system concept. Onboard technologies for improved situation awareness, guidance, and control for LOC prevention and recovery are needed as part of this approach. Such systems should include: LOC hazards effects detection and mitigation; upset detection, prevention and recovery; and mitigation of combined hazards. NASA is conducting research in each of these areas. This paper provides an overview of this research, including the near-term LOC focus and associated analysis, as well as preliminary flight system architecture.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-14063 , 2012 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 77
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A brief review of some of the multi-vehicle cooperative control research that has been performed at NASA Dryden in the last 15 years.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN4969 , University of Southern California Multi-Vehicle Cooperative Control Lecture; Mar 30, 2012; Los Angeles, CA; United States
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  • 78
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A novel, efficient air data calibration method is proposed for aircraft with limited envelopes. This method uses output-error optimization on three-dimensional inertial velocities to estimate calibration and wind parameters. Calibration parameters are based on assumed calibration models for static pressure, angle of attack, and flank angle. Estimated wind parameters are the north, east, and down components. The only assumptions needed for this method are that the inertial velocities and Euler angles are accurate, the calibration models are correct, and that the steady-state component of wind is constant throughout the maneuver. A two-minute maneuver was designed to excite the aircraft over the range of air data calibration parameters and de-correlate the angle-of-attack bias from the vertical component of wind. Simulation of the X-48B (The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois) aircraft was used to validate the method, ultimately using data derived from wind-tunnel testing to simulate the un-calibrated air data measurements. Results from the simulation were accurate and robust to turbulence levels comparable to those observed in flight. Future experiments are planned to evaluate the proposed air data calibration in a flight environment.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN5340 , Atmospheric Flight Mechanics; Jul 22, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The paper presents performance and robustness analysis of the modified reference model MRAC (model reference adaptive control) or M-MRAC in short, which differs from the conventional MRAC systems by feeding back the tracking error to the reference model. The tracking error feedback gain in concert with the adaptation rate provides an additional capability to regulate not only the transient performance of the tracking error, but also the transient performance of the control signal. This differs from the conventional MRAC systems, in which we have only the adaptation rate as a tool to regulate just the transient performance of the tracking error. It is shown that the selection of the feedback gain and the adaptation rate resolves the tradeoff between the robustness and performance in the sense that the increase in the feedback gain improves the behavior of the adaptive control signal, hence improves the systems robustness to time delays (or unmodeled dynamics), while increasing the adaptation rate improves the tracking performance or systems robustness to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN5305 , AIAA Infotech@Aerospace; Jun 19, 2012 - Jun 21, 2012; Garden Grove, CA; United States
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  • 80
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Dynamic inversion has often been used in the simulation environment to rapidly prototype controls for the full flight envelope, because of its capacity for assessing a vehicle s maneuver performance and proper sizing of control surfaces. Generally, the architectures involve either a direct inversion of the entire set of equations of motion or a sequential set of inversions exploiting time scale separation in the vehicle dynamics where faster parameters are considered as controls for slower varying parameters. The proposed architecture builds on the latter using a quaternion formulation that provides singularity free tracking. Of interest, the proposed architecture simplifies the sequential approach by exploiting a simpler kinematic inversion in place of a more difficult inversion typically used. This kinematic relationship accurately describes the angular rate required to drive some reference frame of interest to a desired attitude at some desired quaternion error rate. A simple PID control is used to define the desired quaternion error rate. The paper develops the theoretical framework for the approach, and shows results in tracking a desired trajectory.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-14066 , 2012 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Conference presentation sharing aspects of basic human factors engineering applied to aviation and unmanned aircraft systems from the pilot's perspective
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN5123 , 83rd Annual Meeting Aerospace Medical Association; May 13, 2012 - May 17, 2012; Atlanta, GA; United States
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  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A method for identifying global aerodynamic models from flight data in an efficient manner is explained and demonstrated. A novel experiment design technique was used to obtain dynamic flight data over a range of flight conditions with a single flight maneuver. Multivariate polynomials and polynomial splines were used with orthogonalization techniques and statistical modeling metrics to synthesize global nonlinear aerodynamic models directly and completely from flight data alone. Simulation data and flight data from a subscale twin-engine jet transport aircraft were used to demonstrate the techniques. Results showed that global multivariate nonlinear aerodynamic dependencies could be accurately identified using flight data from a single maneuver. Flight-derived global aerodynamic model structures, model parameter estimates, and associated uncertainties were provided for all six nondimensional force and moment coefficients for the test aircraft. These models were combined with a propulsion model identified from engine ground test data to produce a high-fidelity nonlinear flight simulation very efficiently. Prediction testing using a multi-axis maneuver showed that the identified global model accurately predicted aircraft responses.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: AIAA Paper 2012-1050 , NF1676L-14023 , 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit; Jan 09, 2012 - Jan 12, 2012; Nashville, TN; United States
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  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: This report provides a historical survey and assessment of the state of the art in the modeling and application of active control to aircraft encountering atmospheric disturbances in flight. Particular emphasis is placed on applications of active control technologies that enable weight reduction in aircraft by mitigating the effects of atmospheric disturbances. Based on what has been learned to date, recommendations are made for addressing gust alleviation on as the trend for more structurally efficient aircraft yields both lighter and more flexible aircraft. These lighter more flexible aircraft face two significant challenges reduced separation between rigid body and flexible modes, and increased sensitivity to gust encounters due to increased wing loading and improved lift to drag ratios. The primary audience of this paper is engineering professionals new to the area of gust load alleviation and interested in tackling the multifaceted challenges that lie ahead for lighter-weight aircraft.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2012-216008 , DFRC-E-DAA-TN4736
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: In August 2007, Airservices Australia (Airservices) and the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted a validation experiment of the air traffic control (ATC) procedures associated with the Automatic Dependant Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) In-Trail Procedure (ITP). ITP is an Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness (ATSA) application designed for near-term use in procedural airspace in which ADS-B data are used to facilitate climb and descent maneuvers. NASA and Airservices conducted the experiment in Airservices simulator in Melbourne, Australia. Twelve current operational air traffic controllers participated in the experiment, which identified aspects of the ITP that could be improved (mainly in the communication and controller approval process). Results showed that controllers viewed the ITP as valid and acceptable. This paper describes the experiment design and results.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2012-217327 , L-19538 , NF1676L-7794
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  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The X-56A vehicle presents an excellent research opportunity for NASA. The vehicle will be used to prove the concepts for integrated structural control and modeling of extremely lightweight flexible structures.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: DFRC-E-DAA-TN5702
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a modification of the conventional model reference adaptive control (MRAC) architecture in order to improve transient performance of the input and output signals of uncertain systems. A simple modification of the reference model is proposed by feeding back the tracking error signal. It is shown that the proposed approach guarantees tracking of the given reference command and the reference control signal (one that would be designed if the system were known) not only asymptotically but also in transient. Moreover, it prevents generation of high frequency oscillations, which are unavoidable in conventional MRAC systems for large adaptation rates. The provided design guideline makes it possible to track a reference commands of any magnitude from any initial position without re-tuning. The benefits of the method are demonstrated with a simulation example
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN4734
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  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The Flight Loads Laboratory at the Dryden Flight Research Center conducted tests to measure the inertia properties of the Orion Pad Abort 1 (PA-1) Crew Module (CM). These measurements were taken to validate analytical predictions of the inertia properties of the vehicle and assist in reducing uncertainty for derived aero performance coefficients to be calculated post-launch. The first test conducted was to determine the Ixx of the Crew Module. This test approach used a modified torsion pendulum test setup that allowed the suspended Crew Module to rotate about the x axis. The second test used a different approach to measure both the Iyy and Izz properties. This test used a Knife Edge fixture that allowed small rotation of the Crew Module about the y and z axes. Discussions of the techniques and equations used to accomplish each test are presented. Comparisons with the predicted values used for the final flight calculations are made. Problem areas, with explanations and recommendations where available, are addressed. Finally, an evaluation of the value and success of these techniques to measure the moments of inertia of the Crew Module is provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2012-215995 , DFRC-E-DAA-TN5009 , DFRC-E-DAA-TN4249
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Flight research experiments have demonstrated that adaptive flight controls can be an effective technology for improving aircraft safety in the event of failures or damage. However, the nonlinear, timevarying nature of adaptive algorithms continues to challenge traditional methods for the verification and validation testing of safety-critical flight control systems. Increasingly complex adaptive control theories and designs are emerging, but only make testing challenges more difficult. A potential first step toward the acceptance of adaptive flight controllers by aircraft manufacturers, operators, and certification authorities is a very simple design that operates as an augmentation to a non-adaptive baseline controller. Three such controllers were developed as part of a National Aeronautics and Space Administration flight research experiment to determine the appropriate level of complexity required to restore acceptable handling qualities to an aircraft that has suffered failures or damage. The controllers consist of the same basic design, but incorporate incrementally-increasing levels of complexity. Derivations of the controllers and their adaptive parameter update laws are presented along with details of the controllers implementations.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2012-215972 , DFRC-E-DAA-TN5315
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The Quiet Spike F-15B flight research program investigated supersonic shock reduction using a 24-ft sub-scale telescoping nose boom on an F-15B airplane. The program primary flight test objective was to collect flight data for aerodynamic and structural models validation up to 1.8 Mach. Other objectives were to validate the mechanical feasibility of a morphing fuselage at the operational conditions and determine the near-field shock wave characterization. The stability and controls objectives were to assess the effect of the spike on the stability, controllability, and handling qualities of the aircraft and to ensure adequate stability margins across the entire research flight envelop. The two main stability and controls issues were the effects of the telescoping nose boom influenced aerodynamics on the F-15B aircraft flight dynamics and air data and angle of attack sensors. This paper reports on the stability and controls flight envelope clearance methods and flight test analysis of the F-15B Quiet Spike. Brief pilot commentary on typical piloting tasks, approach and landing, refueling task, and air data sensitivity to the flight control system are also discussed in this report.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2012-215978 , DFRC-E-DAA-TN2691
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: UQTools is the short name for the Uncertainty Quantification Toolbox, a software package designed to efficiently quantify the impact of parametric uncertainty on engineering systems. UQTools is a MATLAB-based software package and was designed to be discipline independent, employing very generic representations of the system models and uncertainty. Specifically, UQTools accepts linear and nonlinear system models and permits arbitrary functional dependencies between the system s measures of interest and the probabilistic or non-probabilistic parametric uncertainty. One of the most significant features incorporated into UQTools is the theoretical development centered on homothetic deformations and their application to set bounding and approximating failure probabilities. Beyond the set bounding technique, UQTools provides a wide range of probabilistic and uncertainty-based tools to solve key problems in science and engineering.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2012-217561 , L-20130 , NF1676L-14349
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The upstream flowfield of a vehicle traveling in supersonic or hypersonic atmospheric flight is actively controlled using attribute(s) experienced by the vehicle. Sensed attribute(s) include pressure along the vehicle's outer mold line, temperature along the vehicle's outer mold line, heat flux along the vehicle's outer mold line, and/or local acceleration response of the vehicle. A non-heated, non-plasma-producing gas is injected into an upstream flowfield of the vehicle from at least one surface location along the vehicle's outer mold line. The pressure of the gas so-injected is adjusted based on the attribute(s) so-sensed.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
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  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: A suspension apparatus for suspending instrumentation from an airborne platform may include a generally longitudinal boom having a payload end and a tail end. Yaw and pitch stabilizers may be disposed at the tail end of the boom. A mast that may be selectively translatable on the boom may connect the boom to a tether line of the airborne platform. The payload may be attached to the payload end of the boom. The mast may be positioned axially along the boom at the center of gravity of the combination of the payload, boom, pitch stabilizer, and yaw stabilizer.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Advances in sensors and avionics computation power suggest real-time structural load measurements could be used in flight control systems for improved safety and performance. A conventional transport flight control system determines the moments necessary to meet the pilot's command, while rejecting disturbances and maintaining stability of the aircraft. Control allocation is the problem of converting these desired moments into control effector commands. In this paper, a framework is proposed to incorporate real-time structural load feedback and structural load constraints in the control allocator. Constrained optimal control allocation can be used to achieve desired moments without exceeding specified limits on monitored load points. Minimization of structural loads by the control allocator is used to alleviate gust loads. The framework to incorporate structural loads in the flight control system and an optimal control allocation algorithm will be described and then demonstrated on a nonlinear simulation of a generic transport aircraft with flight dynamics and static structural loads.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN5507 , AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: C-MAPSS40k engine simulation has been developed and is available to the public. The authenticity of the engine performance and controller enabled the development of realistic enhanced control modes through controller modification alone. Use of enhanced control modes improved stability and control of an impaired aircraft. - Fast Response is useful for manual manipulation of the throttles - Use of Fast Response improved stability as part of a yaw rate feedback system. - Use of Overthrust shortened takeoff distance, but was generally useful in flight, too. Initial lack of pilot familiarity resulted in discomfort, especially with yaw rate feedback, but that was the only drawback, overall the pilot found the enhanced modes very helpful.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: E-18526 , GRC-E-DAA-TN6087 , Aerospace Control and Guidance Systems Committee Meeting #110; Oct 10, 2012 - Oct 12, 2012; Auburn, ME; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper explores application of adaptive control architecture to a light, high-aspect ratio, flexible aircraft configuration that exhibits strong rigid body/flexible mode coupling. Specifically, an L(sub 1) adaptive output feedback controller is developed for a semi-span wind tunnel model capable of motion. The wind tunnel mount allows the semi-span model to translate vertically and pitch at the wing root, resulting in better simulation of an aircraft s rigid body motion. The control objective is to design a pitch control with altitude hold while suppressing body freedom flutter. The controller is an output feedback nominal controller (LQG) augmented by an L(sub 1) adaptive loop. A modification to the L(sub 1) output feedback is proposed to make it more suitable for flexible structures. The new control law relaxes the required bounds on the unmatched uncertainty and allows dependence on the state as well as time, i.e. a more general unmatched nonlinearity. The paper presents controller development and simulated performance responses. Simulation is conducted by using full state flexible wing models derived from test data at 10 different dynamic pressure conditions. An L(sub 1) adaptive output feedback controller is designed for a single test point and is then applied to all the test cases. The simulation results show that the L(sub 1) augmented controller can stabilize and meet the performance requirements for all 10 test conditions ranging from 30 psf to 130 psf dynamic pressure.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-14068 , 2012 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Reducing the impact of loss-of-control conditions on commercial transport aircraft is a primary goal of the NASA Aviation Safety Program. One aspect in developing the supporting technologies is to improve the aerodynamic models that represent these adverse conditions. Aerodynamic models appropriate for loss of control conditions require a more general mathematical representation to predict nonlinear unsteady behaviors. In this paper, a more general mathematical model is proposed for the subscale NASA Generic Transport Model (GTM) that covers both low and high angles of attack. Particular attention is devoted to the stall region where full-scale transports have demonstrated a tendency for roll instability. The complete aerodynamic model was estimated from dynamic wind-tunnel data. Advanced computational methods are used to improve understanding and visualize the flow physics within the region where roll instability is a factor.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-14070 , 2012 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper proposes a framework for studying the ability of a control strategy, consisting of a control law and a command law, to recover an aircraft from ight conditions that may extend beyond the normal ight envelope. This study was carried out (i) by evaluating time responses of particular ight upsets, (ii) by evaluating local stability over an equilibrium manifold that included stall, and (iii) by bounding the set in the state space from where the vehicle can be safely own to wings-level ight. These states comprise what will be called the safely recoverable ight envelope (SRFE), which is a set containing the aircraft states from where a control strategy can safely stabilize the aircraft. By safe recovery it is implied that the tran- sient response stays between prescribed limits before converging to a steady horizontal ight. The calculation of the SRFE bounds yields the worst-case initial state corresponding to each control strategy. This information is used to compare alternative recovery strategies, determine their strengths and limitations, and identify the most e ective strategy. In regard to the control law, the authors developed feedback feedforward laws based on the gain scheduling of multivariable controllers. In regard to the command law, which is the mechanism governing the exogenous signals driving the feed- forward component of the controller, we developed laws with a feedback structure that combines local stability and transient response considera- tions. The upset recovery of the Generic Transport Model, a sub-scale twin-engine jet vehicle developed by NASA Langley Research Center, is used as a case study.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-14058 , 2012 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: In-flight loss of control remains the leading contributor to aviation accident fatalities, with stall upsets being the leading causal factor. The February 12, 2009. Colgan Air, Inc., Continental Express flight 3407 accident outside Buffalo, New York, brought this issue to the forefront of public consciousness and resulted in recommendations from the National Transportation Safety Board to conduct training that incorporates stalls that are fully developed and develop simulator standards to support such training. In 2010, Congress responded to this accident with Public Law 11-216 (Section 208), which mandates full stall training for Part 121 flight operations. Efforts are currently in progress to develop recommendations on implementation of stall training for airline pilots. The International Committee on Aviation Training in Extended Envelopes (ICATEE) is currently defining simulator fidelity standards that will be necessary for effective stall training. These recommendations will apply to all civil transport aircraft including straight-wing turboprop aircraft. Government-funded research over the previous decade provides a strong foundation for stall/post-stall simulation for swept-wing, conventional tail jets to respond to this mandate, but turboprops present additional and unique modeling challenges. First among these challenges is the effect of power, which can provide enhanced flow attachment behind the propellers. Furthermore, turboprops tend to operate for longer periods in an environment more susceptible to ice. As a result, there have been a significant number of turboprop accidents as a result of the early (lower angle of attack) stalls in icing. The vulnerability of turboprop configurations to icing has led to studies on ice accumulation and the resulting effects on flight behavior. Piloted simulations of these effects have highlighted the important training needs for recognition and mitigation of icing effects, including the reduction of stall margins. This paper addresses simulation modeling requirements that are unique to turboprop transport aircraft and highlights the growing need for aerodynamic models suitable for stall training for these configurations. A review of prominent accidents that involved aerodynamic stall is used to illustrate various modeling features unique to turboprop configurations and the impact of stall behavior on susceptibility to loss of control that has led to new training requirements. This is followed by an overview of stability and control behavior of straight-wing turboprops, the related aerodynamic characteristics, and a summary of recent experimental studies on icing effects. In addition, differences in flight dynamics behavior between swept-wing jets and straight-wing turboprop configurations are discussed to compare and contrast modeling requirements. Specific recommendations for aerodynamic models along with further research needs and data measurements are also provided. 1
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: NF1676L-15082 , 2012 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The paper presents a certainty equivalence state feedback indirect adaptive control design method for the systems of any relative degree with unmatched uncertainties. The approach is based on the parameter identification (estimation) model, which is completely separated from the control design and is capable of producing parameter estimates as fast as the computing power allows without generating high frequency oscillations. It is shown that the system's input and output tracking errors can be systematically decreased by the proper choice of the design parameters.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Stability and Control
    Materialart: ARC-E-DAA-TN5666 , IEEE Conference on Decision and Control; Dec 10, 2012 - Dec 13, 2012; Maui, HI; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Las capturas de langosta espinosa Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) en Cuba alcanzaron sus mayores volúmenes en la década de 1980 con un promedio anual de 11565 ton. En la década de 1990, la captura descendió a un promedio de 9327 ton, lo cual se ha visto agudizado entre 2000 y 2007 con un promedio de 6262 ton y una mayor variabilidad de las capturas, a pesar de un perfeccionamiento del sistema de manejo pesquero dado por: la disminución del esfuerzo pesquero y de la tasa de mortalidad por pesca desde 1999, el aumento del período de veda desde 2001 y el incremento gradual de la talla mínima legal de captura a partir de 2004. Los análisis más recientes sobre el estado de esta pesquería fueron presentados en el Quinto Taller Regional sobre la Evaluación y la Ordenación de la Langosta Común del Caribe en septiembre 2006 (Puga et al, 2006; FAO, 2007), donde se reconoció por la comunidad científica especializada que la pesquería de langosta cubana se encontraba bien manejada y plenamente explotada (no sobre- explotada) y se concluyó que además de la mortalidad por pesca, otros factores ajenos al sector pesquero estaban produciendo afectaciones en la abundancia del recurso, al causar daños al hábitat 1 en zonas de cría, influyendo negativamente por esta vía sobre el reclutamiento y la producción de langostas. Entre estos aspectos para Cuba se señalaron: la mayor frecuencia e intensidad de huracanes durante el último decenio, el desarrollo de las zonas costeras, la construcción de presas en las cuencas de captación de los ríos y de carreteras en el Archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey comunicando la isla principal con los cayos y los cayos entre si (pedraplenes).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Lobster fisheries ; Fisheries ; Environment management ; Recruitment ; Coastal zone management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Book Section
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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