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  • General Chemistry  (9.889)
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  • 1960-1964  (14.748)
  • 1950-1954  (5.935)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Gesunde Pflanzen 6; p.166-168
    Publikationsdatum: 1954
    Beschreibung: Der Autor erklärt das massenhafte Auftreten verschiedener Blattlausarten Ende Mai 1954 mit trockenem warmem Wetter und nennt 19°C Tagesmitteltemperatur und Schwachwindigkeit als Fluginitiator für die Blattläuse. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Schlagwort(e): Berlin, Hannover, Bonn ; 1954 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Witterung
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt des deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 5, Nr.10; p.145-150
    Publikationsdatum: 1953
    Beschreibung: Der Autor untersuchte die für das Auftreten des weißen Bärenspinners günstigen Temperaturen im ehemaligen Jugoslawien (Palic, Vojvodina) und Österreich (Burgenland) und identifizierte die Temperaturen von Mai bis August als wichtige Einflußfaktoren auf die Entwicklungszeit des Falters. Hierdurch konnten Temperaturen identifiziert werden bei denen eine, zwei oder sogar drei Generationen im Jahresverlauf vorkommen können. Sobald die Temperaturen 14-15°C überschreiten, kann die Entwicklung der ersten Generation beginnen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurden dazu eingesetzt, um das Ausbreitungspotential des Schmetterlings aufgrund klimatischer Parameter nach Mitteleuropa abzuschätzen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Schlagwort(e): Jugoslawien, Österreich, Deutschland ; 1946-1952 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 1952
    Beschreibung: Vergleich des täglichen Flugverhaltens der Aphiden Doralis fabae und Myzodes persicae (Zweigipfelige Kurve) mit der Psyllide Trioza nigricornis (Eingipfelige Kurve). Die Prozentuale Verteilung der Blattläuse auf verschiedene Flughöhen wird analysiert. Die Abhängigkeit des Flugverhaltens der Blattläuse von den Faktoren Licht, Wind,Temperatur, relative Luftfeuchte wird untersucht. Zudem wird deren kombinierte Wirkung auf den Flug der Homopteren untersucht und im Zuge dessen die drei Homopteren in drei verschiedene Reaktionstypen eingeordnet. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Grenzwert der Windgeschwindigkeit für den aktiven Abflug von Aphidae und Psyllidae. Regressionsgleichungen für den Zusammenhang zwischen Temperatur und Flugtätigkeit der beiden Aphidae (T(200)=Temperatur in 2m Höhe; T(10)=Temperatur in 10 cm Höhe); Multipler Korrel.koeff. zwischen Temp., modif. rel. Luftf. und dem aktiven Anflug von Trioza nigricornis R=0,742; Zusammenhang der Flugtätigkeit von T. nigricornis und Temp, ist linear -〉 siehe Korrelationstabelle KATASTER-DETAIL: Wind 〉3km/h dann aktiver Abflug Aphiden = 0; Delta T (2m;〈18,46°C) + oder Delta T (2m;〉18,46°C) - oder Delta T (10cm;〈17,18°C) + oder Delta T (10cm;〉17,18°C) - dann Flugtätigkeit M.persicae + ;Delta T (2m;〈19,32°C) + oder Delta T (2m;〉19,32°C) - oder Delta T (10cm;〈19,5°C) + oder Delta T (10cm;〉19,5°C) - dann Flugtätigkeit D.fabae + ;Delta T + und Delta relf (bis 60-70%) - dann Anflug T.nigricornis + Regressionsgleichungen für Myzodes persicae: Flugtätigkeit(FT)=-136,19 + 16,61*T(200) - 0,45*T(200)²; FT=-95,62 + 13,74*T(10) - 0,40*T(10)²; Regressionsgleichungen für Doralis fabae: FT=-62,56 + 8,075*T(200) - 0,209*T(200)²; FT=-93,29 + 11,193*T(10) - 0,287*T(10)²;
    Schlagwort(e): Quedlinburg, Thüringen ; 1951 ; Tabak ; Getreide ; Pflanzenschädling ; Hackfrüchte ; Obst ; Zierpflanzen ; Gemüse
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Ratgeber Obst-, Gartenbau, Geflügelzucht, Heft 5, p. 102-103
    Publikationsdatum: 1951
    Beschreibung: Beschreibung der Faktoren für Lebenslauf und Massenvermehrung sowie Ratschläge zur Bekämpfung des Apfelwicklers mittels Spritzungen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Entwicklung des Apfelwicklers in seinen Stadien und der Temperatur sowie der Feuchtigkeit KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T: Tmin 〈 10°C, dann keine Entwicklung von Ei und Raupe möglich; T 〈 11°C, dann keine Entwicklung von Puppe möglich; Delta T +, dann Einbohren in den Apfel +; T〈15°C, dann kein Einbohren möglich; Tmit(Dekade)〉15°C, dann Flugbeginn; Delta Nied (Mai+Juni)-, dann Apfelwickler +
    Schlagwort(e): Bayern ; 1950 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Obst
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 1954
    Beschreibung: Bericht über Untersuchungen zur Terminwahl für die Bekämpfung von Kohlschotenrüßler und Kohlschotengallmücke sowie Vergleiche der Ergebnisse mit der bisherigen Literatur KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Temperatur auf das Auftreten des Kohlschotenrüßlers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: Tmit 〉 15°C, dann Erscheinen des Kohlschotenrüßlers
    Schlagwort(e): Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1952-1953 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Raps
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Anz. Schädlingskunde 26, p. 49-51
    Publikationsdatum: 1953
    Beschreibung: Untersuchungen zum durch Spinnmilben (Tetranychus althaeae v. hanst.) an Zuckerrüben verursachten Schadbild je nach der Befallsintensität KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Schlagwort(e): Diendorf, Österreich ; 1952 ; Zuckerrüben ; Pflanzenschädling
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Zentralanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 69
    Publikationsdatum: 1950
    Beschreibung: Bericht über die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zu den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Larve und Wirtspflanze KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Temperatur auf den Larvenbefall KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -, dann Entwicklungsdauer der Larven +; T 〉 0°C, dann Froststarre und Wanderfähigkeit -; Delta T - und Delta Relf +, dann Larvenmortalität +
    Schlagwort(e): Berlin-Dahlem ; 1948-1949 ; Insekten ; Luftfeuchte ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Raps
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Unbekannt
    In:  In: R.Otto u.a., Organismen und Umwelt (Th.Steinkopff, Dresden u. Leipzig); p.182-196
    Publikationsdatum: 1939
    Beschreibung: Erkenntnisse aus Laborversuchen über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Temperatur, sowie Feuchte und dem Auftreten von Forleule, Traubenwickler, Kieferneule, Kartoffelkäfer und Nonne werden diskutiert. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Schlagwort(e): Kartoffeln ; Forst ; Pflanzenschädling ; Hackfrüchte ; Wein
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt des deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 2.Jahrg., Nr.11; p.161-165
    Publikationsdatum: 1950
    Beschreibung: In Freilandversuchen wurden Temperaturen ermittelt, bei denen Kartoffelkäfer den Boden im Frühjahr verlassen. Zudem wurden Minimalwerte für das Überleben in verschiedenen Bodenarten ermittelt. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Ein kritischer Wert der Bodentemperatur wurde für das massenhafte Verlassen des Bodens durch den Kartoffelkäfer ermittelt. Allerdings wurden auch bei 12,5°C Bodentemperatur bereits Kartoffelkäfer an der Oberfläche beobachtet. KATASTER-DETAIL: Kritischer Wert= 16,6°C Bodentemperatur (in 50cm Tiefe)
    Schlagwort(e): Heidelberg ; 1949-1950 ; Kartoffeln ; Pflanzenschädling ; Hackfrüchte
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Zentralanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 73
    Publikationsdatum: 1952
    Beschreibung: 4-jährige Feldexperimente und -beobachtungen zum winterlichen Massenwechsel der grünen Pfirsichblattlaus KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Entscheidende Faktoren für Vorkommen und Ausmaß der anholozyklischen Überwinterung KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T-: T(Bodennähe)〈= -5°C, dann Myzodes persicae -; Winterfröste: Dauer + , zeitiger, Minimum -, dann Myzodes persicae -; Nachwinter: Delta T + und Delta Nied -, dann Myzodes persicae +
    Schlagwort(e): Kölner Bucht ; 1948 - 1951 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 3, p. 518-529
    Publikationsdatum: 1953
    Beschreibung: Untersuchungen zum Ausbleiben des erwarteten starken Befalls im Herbst 1952 und Vergleich mit bereits veröffentlichten Erkenntnissen zum Massenwechsel des Rapserdflohs; KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit des Massenwechsels des Rapserdflohs von der Witterung (Temperatur) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -: Delta T (August, September) -, dann Zuwanderung der Rapserdflöhe -;
    Schlagwort(e): Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1953 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Raps
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Gesunde Pflanzen 4, Heft 10; p.274-277
    Publikationsdatum: 1952
    Beschreibung: Eine kurze Zusammenfassung der Einsparungen durch nicht benötigte Traubenwickler- und Peronosporabekämpfungen in der Pfalz im Jahre 1952 wird gegeben. Hierfür werden große Hitze und Trockenheit im Jahre 1952 im Vergleich zum Vorjahr und zum 31-jährigen Mittel als Ursache genannt. Die Prognose wurde durch Beobachtungen erstellt. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Schlagwort(e): Pfalz ; 1951-1952 ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Pflanzenschädling ; Wein
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Neue Mitt. Landwirtsch. 6, Nr.9; p.139-140
    Publikationsdatum: 1951
    Beschreibung: Der Autor entwickelt ein Temperatursummenmodell zur Vorhersage der Kopula des Apfelblütenstechers. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Temperatursummenmodell zur Vorhersage der Kopula des Apfelblütenstechers KATASTER-DETAIL: Kopula tritt ab einer Temperatursumme (aufsummierte Stundenwerte) von 900-1000°C bei einer Basis von 8°C auf.
    Schlagwort(e): Hessen, Dippelshof ; 1948-1950 ; Apfel ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Bayer. Landwirtsch. Jb. 37, Heft 6; p.701-728
    Publikationsdatum: 1960
    Beschreibung: Es werden Einflüsse von Niederschlag und Sonnenscheindauer auf das Auftreten der Luzerneblütengallmücke und den Ertrag der Luzerne, sowie Bekämpfungsmethoden untersucht. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Das Auftreten des Schädlings sowie der Ertrag werden durch einen Quotienten aus Niederschlag und Sonnenscheindauer versucht zu modellieren. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta nied/sonn - (März-Juni) dann Auftreten Luzerneblütengallmücke +; Delta nied/sonn + (Juli-Aug.) dann Ertrag +
    Schlagwort(e): Franken ; 1951-1957 ; Landwirtschaft ; Pflanzenschädling ; Luzerne
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Der Obstanbau, p. 184-185
    Publikationsdatum: 1953
    Beschreibung: Beobachtungen zur Masseneinablage und zur Witterung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zischen der Luftfeuchtigkeit und dem Flug sowie der Eiablage des Apfelwicklers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Relf (Trockenperioden) +, dann Flug + und Eiablage +
    Schlagwort(e): Deutschland ; 1952 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Trockenheit
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenschutz, p. 241-266
    Publikationsdatum: 1950
    Beschreibung: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung und zum Massenwechsel der grünen Pfirsichblattlaus hinsichtlich der Faktoren Wind und Thermik KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Massenvermehrung der Laus und Morphologie sowie meteorologischen Verhältnissen der Landschaft KATASTER-DETAIL: Wind +, dann Pfirsichblattlaus Wanderung +; Wind +, dann Strecke +; Sonneneinstrahlung +, dann Ausbreitung +; Nied +, dann Ausbreitung -;
    Schlagwort(e): Bayern ; 1950 ; Insekten ; Pflanzenschädling ; Wind ; Witterung
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 1950
    Beschreibung: Untersuchungen zur Schlüpfzeit, der Generationszahl und der Abflugzeiten von Myzodes persicae Sulzer am Pfirsichbaum KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Klima, Witterung und Schlüpfablauf von Myzodes persicae KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -, dann Verzögerung im Schlüpfablauf
    Schlagwort(e): Bonn ; 1947-1950 ; Kartoffeln ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, Jahrgang 12, Nummer 4, p. 49-53
    Publikationsdatum: 1960
    Beschreibung: Verbale Darstellung über das Auftreten der Rübenfliege KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen dem Schadauftreten und Niederschlag sowie Temperatur in den für den Lebensablauf der Fliege wichtigen fünf Sommermonaten (Mai - September) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T: Summe T (Mai - September) 〈 80°C, dann Massenauftreten; Delta Nied: Summe Nied (Mai - September) 〈 325-350 mm, dann Massenauftreten
    Schlagwort(e): Bayern ; 1958-1959 ; Zuckerrüben ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, Jahrgang 15 (neue Folge), Heft 8, p. 161-175
    Publikationsdatum: 1961
    Beschreibung: Untersuchungen zur Biologie der Rübsenblattwespe mit Beobachtungen zum Einfluss der Witterung auf die Entwicklung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Temperatur und den verschiedenen Entwicklungsphasen der Wespe KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T: Delta T + (bis T=21°C), dann Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit der Embryonen +; T〉30°C, dann Abbruch der Embryonalentwicklung; Delta T + (bis T=30°C, dann Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit der Larven +; T〉30°C, dann Abbruch der Larvenentwicklung; Delta T: 18°C〈T〈20°C, dann größte Eizahl; T〉20°C, dann Eizahl -; Delta T +, dann Zeitpunkt der Eiablage früher; Delta T + und Delta Nied -, dann Massenvermehrung;
    Schlagwort(e): Thüringen ; 1955-1960 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Senf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 1951
    Beschreibung: Beobachtungen zum Massenauftreten des Rübenderbrüßlers in Abhängigkeit von der vorherrschenden Witterung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen der Witterung (Bodentemperatur und Bodenfeuchte) und dem Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Mortalität +; Delta T (Sommer des Vorjahres) + und Delta Nied (Sommer des Vorjahres) - sowie Delta T ( Frühjahr des Schadjahres) +, dann Massenauftreten des Käfers +; Delta T: Tmit (Boden) 〉 10°C, Auskriechen der Käfer aus dem Boden
    Schlagwort(e): Mitteldeutschland ; 1947-1949 ; Insekten ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 2, Nr. 2/3, p. 256-315
    Publikationsdatum: 1952
    Beschreibung: Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen zur Biologie, Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung des Rübenderbrüßlers KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einflüsse der Witterung auf die Entwicklung und das Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T und Delta Nied und Delta Sonn: T(Boden)〉8°C und Delta Nied -, Delta T (Luft) + und Delta Sonn +, dann Verlassen des Bodens; Delta T -, dann Unterbrechungen der Abwanderung +; Delta T und Delta Sonn: T〉=22°C und Sonnenschein, dann Flug; Delta T: T〉= 15-17°C, dann Reifung; T=26,2°C und Relf=30-37%, dann maximale Eizahl; T〈2°C, dann Erstarrungszustand; Delta Nied (Mai, Juni) -, dann Massenauftreten +; Delta T +, dann Eizahl +;
    Schlagwort(e): Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1950 ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Zentralanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 79
    Publikationsdatum: 1954
    Beschreibung: Zusammenfassender Bericht über die in den Jahren 1947-1952 in Westdeutschland durchgeführten Untersuchungen zur Epidemiologie, Verbreitung, wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung und Bekämpfung dieser Virose KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Hauptbefallsgebiete sind solche, mit mildem Winterklima, in denen die langjährigen Mittelwerte des kältesten Monats Januar nicht unter 0°C abfallen; KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer) -, dann Delta t(Individualentwicklung der Überträger)- und Massenentwicklung (der Überträger) +; Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer)-, dann Vergilbungsschäden +; Delta T - und Delta Lichtintensität -, dann Wirkung des Virus -;
    Schlagwort(e): Westdeutschland ; 1947-1952 ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Düngung
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land-Forstwirtsch., p. 143-145
    Publikationsdatum: 1961
    Beschreibung: Bericht über die Ergebnisse von Einzelpaarversuchen und Massenzuchten im Gewächshaus, Freiland und Insektarium bezüglich des Einflusses der Umweltfaktoren auf die Eiablage der Kohleule KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen der Temperatur und der Eiablage der Kohleule; die Berechnung der Grenzwerte erfolgte mit Hilfe der Blunckschen Wärmesummenregel KATASTER-DETAIL: 13,4°C 〈 T 〈 23,1°C , dann Lebensdauer der Imagines +; T 〉 30°C und T 〈 10°C, dann Eiablage gehemmt und geringere Eianzahl;
    Schlagwort(e): Berlin ; Kleinmachnow, Brandenburg ; 1955-1959 ; Insekten ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 1961
    Beschreibung: Bericht über die Ergebnisse der Versuche zur Vorausberechnung des ersten Schlüpftermins KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Schlüpfen und Bodentemperatur sowie Bodenfeuchte KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied + und Delta T +: (T=21°C), dann Beendigung der Diapause Temperaturkonstante (Summierung der wirksamen Temperaturen) = 160, dann Schlüpfen (siehe hierzu Noll 1959)
    Schlagwort(e): DDR ; 1957-1958 ; Insekten ; Boden ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, p. 171-172
    Publikationsdatum: 1950
    Beschreibung: Bericht über die Beobachtungen zur Entwicklung und zum Auftreten der Möhrenfliege unter dem Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage auf die Befallsstärke der Fliege KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Lichtintensität +, dann Möhrenfliegenbefall -; Delta Nied +, dann Entwicklung der Maden +; Delta Wind +, dann Befall -
    Schlagwort(e): Schleswig-Holstein ; 1948-1949 ; Insekten ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gemüse
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 1953
    Beschreibung: Beobachtungen zu den wichtigsten Massenwechselphasen, welche phänologisch mit Hilfe der Temperatursummenregel ausgewertet wurden sowie Beobachtungen zum Einfluss des Mikroklimas auf die Flugphase KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen den wichtigsten Massenwechselperioden und der Temperatur, angegeben mit der mittleren Temperatursumme ab dem Eintritt des Vorfrühlings (Schneeglöckchenblüte); Einfluss von flugbegrenzenden Faktoren (Licht, Wind, Niederschlag) und flugbeeinflussenden Faktoren (Temperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit) KATASTER-DETAIL: Temperatursumme = 160°C, dann Schlüpfen der ersten Fundatrixlarven; Temperatursumme = 360°C, dann Eintreten erster reifer Fundatrizen; Temperatursumme = 600°C, dann Reife der ersten fundatrigenen Fliegen und Anfang des fundatrigenen Zufluges; Temperatursumme = 1000-1050°C, dann Ende des fundatrigenen Zufluges und Anfang des virginogenen Zufluges; temperatursumme = 2280-2420°C, dann Ende des virginogenen Zufluges; Delta Lichtintensität + und Windgeschwindigkeit 〈 0,6m/s und T(Blattoberfläche ) 〉= 17°C, bzw. T (Luft) 〉= 15-16°C und Delta Nied -, dann Abflug +; Delta T +, dann Ablfug +, T 〉 20-26°C, dann Abflug -; Relf = 60%, dann optimaler Bereich für Abflug;
    Schlagwort(e): Quedlinburg, Thüringen ; 1949-1952 ; Luftfeuchte ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, p. 143-148
    Publikationsdatum: 1953
    Beschreibung: Bericht über die Untersuchungen zur Frage der Abhängigkeit der Imagines von klimatischen Faktoren KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Wind, Sonnenscheindauer, Luftfeuchte) auf die Flugaktivität KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: T= 18°C, dann Höchstwert an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern; T 〉 18°C oder T 〈 18°C, dann Zahl an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern -; Delta Sonn +, dann Flugaktivität +; T = 23°C und Relf = 70%, dann Optimum der Flugaktivität; T = 13°C, dann Flugaktivität verhindert Delta Wind +: Wind 〉 1m/s, dann Flugaktivität vermindert, Wind 〉 2m/s, dann Flugaktivität stark gehemmt
    Schlagwort(e): Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1952 ; Insekten ; Luftfeuchte ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Zeitschrift
    Publikationsdatum: 1950
    Beschreibung: Detailierte Berichte über das Auftreten von Schaderregern in der Landwirtschaft für jedes Jahr; Zusammenhänge zu Witterungsbedingungen werden zu Beginn der entsprechenden Hefte, sowie teilw. bei Besprechung der jeweiligen Schaderreger hergestellt KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Schlagwort(e): Westdeutschland, regional aufgelöst ; 1950-2008 ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Pflanzenschädling
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 1951
    Beschreibung: Hopfenzünsler wurden im Januar aus Winterverstecken genommen und in Glaszylindern untergebracht, worin ihre Lebensdauer unter unterschiedlichen Temperaturen und rel. Luftfeuchten gemessen wurde. Bei niedrigen und hohen Temperaturen stellte sich die Luftfeuchte als entscheidender Faktor heraus, bei mittleren Temperaturen (10-15,5°C und 16-21,5°C) spielte auch die Temperatur eine Rolle. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Schlagwort(e): Labor ; 1949-1950 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenschädling ; Hopfen
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Pflanzenschutz, Jahrgang 2, Nr. 8, p. 95-97
    Publikationsdatum: 1950
    Beschreibung: Beobachtungen zum Auftreten von Roggengallmücke, Halmfliege, Getreidehalmwespe, Hafermilbe und Zwergzikade unter bestimmten Witterungsbedingungen (warme und trockene Sommer und Herbste) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) im Sommer und Herbst auf das Auftreten der Getreideschädlinge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Sommer und Herbst) + und Delta Nied (Sommer und Hebrst) -, dann Auftreten +; Trockenperioden über mindestens 2 Jahre, dann Massenauftreten
    Schlagwort(e): Bayern ; 1947-1950 ; Anbautermine ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Weizen ; Witterung
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Pressure-distribution measurements have been made on the fus elage of the Bell X- 1 research airplane. Data are presented for angles of attack from 2 deg. to 8 deg. during pull-ups at Mach numbers of about 0.78, 0.85, 0.88, and 1.02. The results of the investigation indicated that a large portion of the load carried by the fuselage was in the vicinity of the wing and may be attributed to wing-to-fuselage carryover. The presence of the wing from the 41 to 60 percent fuselage stations influenced the fuselage pressures from about 30 to 65 percent fuselage length at Mach numbers of approximat ely 0.78, 0.85, and 0.88, and from about 35 to 80 percent fuselage length at a Mach number of approximately 1.02. The fuselage contributed about 20 percent of the total airplane normal-force coefficient. The center of pressure of the fuselage load throughout the tests was located from 41 to 51 percent fuselage length, which corresponds to the forward half of the wing root-chord location.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-L53I15
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: NACA model 11-C was tested according to the general method with the angle of afterbody keel set at five different angles from 2-1/2 degrees to 9 degrees, but without changing other features of the hull. The results of the tests are expressed in curves of test data and of non-dimensional coefficients. At the depth of step used in the tests, 3.3 percent beam, the smaller angles of afterbody keel give greater load-resistance ratios at the hump speed and smaller at high speed than the larger angles of afterbody keel. Comparisons are made of the load-resistance ratios at several other points in the speed range. The effect of variation of the angle of afterbody keel upon the take-off performance of a hypothetical flying boat of 15,000 pounds gross weight having a hull of model 11-C lines is calculated, and the calculations show that the craft with the largest of the angles of afterbody keel tested, 9 degrees, takes off in the least time and distance.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-TN-541
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 33
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A method has been proposed for predicting the effect of a rapid blade-pitch increase on the thrust and induced-velocity response of a helicopter rotor. General equations have been derived for the ensuing motion of the helicopter. These equations yield time histories of thrust, induced velocity, and helicopter vertical velocity for given rates of blade-pitch-angle changes and given rotor-angular-velocity time histories. The results of the method have been compared with experimental results obtained with a rotor mounted on the Langley helicopter test tower. The calculated and experimental results are in good agreement, although, in general, the calculated thrust-coefficient overshoots are about 10 percent greater than those obtained experimentally.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-TN-3044
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A cascade of 65-(12)10 compressor blades was tested at one geometric setting over a range of inlet Mach number from 0.12 to 0.89. Two groups of data are presented and compared: the first from the cascade operating conventionally with no boundary-layer control, and the second with the boundary layer controlled by a combination of upstream slot suction and porous-wall suction at the blade tips. A criterion for two-dimensionality was used to specify the degree of boundary-layer control by suction to be applied. The data are presented and an analysis is made to show the effect of Mach number on turning angle, blade wake, pressure distribution about the blade profile and static-pressure rise. The influence of boundary-layer control on these parameters as well as on the secondary losses is illustrated. A system of correlating the measured static-pressure rise through the cascade with the theoretical isentropic values is presented which gives good agreement with the data. The pressure distribution about the blade profile for an inlet Mach number of 0.21 is corrected with the Prandtl-Glauert, Karman-Tsien, and vector-mean velocity - contraction coefficient compressibility correction factors to inlet Mach numbers of 0.6 and 0.7. The resulting curves are compared with the experimental pressure distributions for inlet Mach numbers of 0.6 and 0.7 so that the validity of applying the three corrections can be evaluated.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-TN-2649
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The empirical relation between the induced velocity, thrust, and rate of vertical descent of a helicopter rotor was calculated from wind tunnel force tests on four model rotors by the application of blade-element theory to the measured values of the thrust, torque, blade angle, and equivalent free-stream rate of descent. The model tests covered the useful range of C(sub t)/sigma(sub e) (where C(sub t) is the thrust coefficient and sigma(sub e) is the effective solidity) and the range of vertical descent from hovering to descent velocities slightly greater than those for autorotation. The three bladed models, each of which had an effective solidity of 0.05 and NACA 0015 blade airfoil sections, were as follows: (1) constant-chord, untwisted blades of 3-ft radius; (2) untwisted blades of 3-ft radius having a 3/1 taper; (3) constant-chord blades of 3-ft radius having a linear twist of 12 degrees (washout) from axis of rotation to tip; and (4) constant-chord, untwisted blades of 2-ft radius. Because of the incorporation of a correction for blade dynamic twist and the use of a method of measuring the approximate equivalent free-stream velocity, it is believed that the data obtained from this program are more applicable to free-flight calculations than the data from previous model tests.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-TN-2474
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 36
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The autorotative performance of an assumed helicopter was studied to determine the effect of inoperative jet units located at the rotor-blade tip on the helicopter rate of descent. For a representative ramjet design, the effect of the jet drag is to increase the minimum rate of descent of the helicopter from about 1,OO feet per minute to 3,700 feet per minute when the rotor is operating at a tip speed of approximately 600 feet per second. The effect is less if the rotor operates at lower tip speeds, but the rotor kinetic energy and the stall margin available for the landing maneuver are then reduced. Power-off rates of descent of pulse-jet helicopters would be expected to be less than those of ramjet. helicopters because pulse jets of current design appear to have greater ratios of net power-on thrust to power-off, drag than currently designed rain jets. Iii order to obtain greater accuracy in studies of autorotative performance, calculations in'volving high power-off rates of descent should include the weight-supporting effect of the fuselage parasite-drag force and the fact that the rotor thrust does not equal the weight of the helicopter.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-TN-2154
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-11
    Beschreibung: The Ryan VZ-3RY V/STOL test vehicle was flight tested over the airspeed range from 80 knots to below 6 knots. The deflected slipstream concept proved to be better suited to STOL than VTOL operation. Adverse ground effects prevented operation close to the ground at speeds less than 20 knots and below approximately 15 feet altitude. Steep glide slopes to landing (up to -16 deg) at approximately 40 knots were achieved, but steep, slow, descending flight did not appear feasible. Full-span leading-edge slats markedly increased the descent capability and reduced the minimum level flight speed.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-1891
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-25
    Beschreibung: An investigation was conducted on a 35 deg swept-wing fighter airplane to determine the effects of several blunt-trailing-edge modifications to the wing and tail on the high-speed stability and control characteristics and tracking performance. The results indicated significant improvement in the pitch-up characteristics for the blunt-aileron configuration at Mach numbers around 0.90. As a result of increased effectiveness of the blunt-trailing-edge aileron, the roll-off, customarily experienced with the unmodified airplane in wings-level flight between Mach numbers of about 0.9 and 1.0 was eliminated, The results also indicated that the increased effectiveness of the blunt aileron more than offset the large associated aileron hinge moment, resulting in significant improvement in the rolling performance at Mach numbers between 0.85 and 1.0. It appeared from these results that the tracking performance with the blunt-aileron configuration in the pitch-up and buffeting flight region at high Mach numbers was considerably improved over that of the unmodified airplane; however, the tracking errors of 8 to 15 mils were definitely unsatisfactory. A drag increment of about O.OOl5 due to the blunt ailerons was noted at Mach numbers to about 0.85. The drag increment was 0 at Mach numbers above 0.90.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-A54C31
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: No abstract available
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-CR-52817 , NAS 1.26:52817 , LRP-297-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A 60' delta-wing airplane model was oscillated in roll for several frequencies and amplitudes of oscillation to determine the effects of the oscillatory motion on the roll-stability derivatives for the model. The derivatives were measured at a Reynolds number of 1,600,000 for the wing alone, the wing-fuselage combination, and the complete model which included a triangular-plan-form vertical tail. Both rolling and yawing moments due to rolling velocity exhibited large frequency effects for angles of attack higher than 16 degrees. Variations in these derivatives were measured for the lowest frequencies of oscillation; as the frequency increased, the derivatives because more nearly linear with angle of attack. Both velocity derivatives were considerably different at high angles of attack from the corresponding derivatives measured by the steady-state rolling-flow technique. Rolling and yawing moments due to rolling acceleration were measured and similarly found to be highly dependent on frequency at high angles of attack. Some period and time-to-damp computations, which were made to reveal the significance of the acceleration derivatives, indicated that inclusion of the measured derivatives in the equations of motion lengthened the period of the lateral oscillation by 10 percent for a typical delta-wing airplane and increased the time to damp to one-half amplitude by 50 percent.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-232
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 41
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: At the request of the Materiel Division, Wright Field, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics is conducting a program of flight tests on a Kellett YG-1B autogiro equipped with a new type of rotor blade. The new blades are tapered in both plan form. and thickness and are designed to avoid periodic blade twist. One phase of the investigation, involving determination of the moments of the resultant rotor force about the trunnions on which the hub is pivoted for control, has been completed. The results obtained are reported herein.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-MR-X-1939
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: The damping in roll and rolling effectiveness of two models of a missile having cruciform, triangular, interdigitated wings and tails have been determined through a Mach number range of 0.8 to 1.8 by utilizing rocket-propelled test vehicles. Results indicate that the damping in roll was relatively constant over the Mach umber range investigated. The rolling effectiveness was essentially constant at low supersonic speeds and increased with increasing mach numbers in excess of 1.4 over the Mach number range investigated. Aeroelastic effects increase the rolling-effectiveness parameters pb/2V divided by delta and decrease both the rolling-moment coefficient due to wing deflection and the damping-in-roll coefficient.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-L51D16
    Format: text
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  • 43
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: Measurement of average skin-friction coefficients have been made on six rocket-powered free-flight models by using the boundary-layer rake technique. The model configuration was the NACA RM-10, a 12.2-fineness-ratio parabolic body of revolution with a flat base. Measurements were made over a Mach number range from 1 to 3.7, a Reynolds number range 40 x 10(exp 6) to 170 x 10(exp 6) based on length to the measurement station, and with aerodynamic heating conditions varying from strong skin heating to strong skin cooling. The measurements show the same trends over the test ranges as Van Driest's theory for turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate. The measured values are approximately 7 percent higher than the values of the flat-plate theory. A comparison which takes into account the differences in Reynolds number is made between the present results and skin-friction measurements obtained on NACA RM-10 scale models in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel, the Lewis 8- by 6-foot supersonic tunnel, and the Langley 9-inch supersonic tunnel. Good agreement is shown at all but the lowest tunnel Reynolds number conditions. A simple empirical equation is developed which represents the measurements over the range of the tests.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-L54G14
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: An experimental investigation has been conducted at Mach numbers of 0.6 to 1.4 to determine the base pressures on several cylindrical afterbody configurations having two propulsive nozzles and to determine the effect on base pressure of stabilizing fins and the canting outward of the propulsive nozzles. Nozzle design Mach numbers of 2.0 and 3.43 were employed in this investigation and cold air at total pressures up to 120 times the free-stream static pressure was used to simulate nozzle flow. The results show that canting the nozzles outward 11 degrees was effective in increasing base pressures at supersonic speeds and that stabilizing fins caused a decrease in base pressure. The magnitudes of base pressure coefficients obtained in this investigation were consistent with those obtained on similar configurations in previous jet-effect investigations.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA/TN-D-544 , L-861
    Format: text
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  • 45
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: An investigation has been made in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel to determine the aerodynamic loading characteristics of a 3-percent-thick, aspect-ratio - 2.06, 60 deg delta-wing-body combination. The Mach number range was from 0.80 t o 1.05 and the average Reynolds number based on wing mean aerodynamic chord was 10 x 10(exp 6). The angle-of-attack range was from 0 deg to 26 deg but was limited at the highest Mach numbers by tunnel drive power. Pressure distributions, spanwise loadings, integrated wing coefficients, and tabulated pressure coefficients are presented for the range of Mach numbers and angles of attack. The results indicate that a free leading-edge separation vortex is the dominant flow-field phenomenon at all Mach numbers and that, consequently, there are only slight changes in the spanwise loadings with Mach number. There is a slight outboard shift in center of pressure with an increase in Mach number. The chord-wise position of the center of pressure varies from 46 t o 55 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord when the Mach number i s increased from 0.80 to l.05.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-830 , L-1543
    Format: text
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: A tank investigation has been conducted on a 1/8-size powered dynamic model of the Grumman JRF-5 airplane equipped with twin hydro-skis. The results of tests using two types of skis are presented: one had vertical sides joining the top surface to the chine; the other had the top surface faired to the chine to eliminate the vertical sides. Both configurations had satisfactory longitudinal stability although the model had a slightly greater stable elevator range available when the skis without the vertical sides were attached. Free model tests indicated no instability present when one ski emerged before the other. Considerable excess thrust was available at all speeds with either type of skis. A hump gross load-resistance ratio of 3.37 was obtained with the skis with the vertical sides and 3.53 with the other skis. Landing behavior in smooth water with yaw up to 15deg and roll up to 15deg in opposite directions was satisfactory with either type of skis.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA RM-SL52D17
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: An investigation was made to determine the static longitudinal and lateral stability and control characteristics of a l/6-scale model of the revised Republic XF-84H airplane with and without the propeller operating. The model had a 40deg swept wing of aspect ratio 3.45 and was equipped with a thin, three-blade supersonic-type propeller. Modifications incorporated in the revised model included a raised horizontal tail, increased rudder size, wing fences at 65 percent semispan, and a modified wing leading edge outboard of the fences. The test results for flap-retracted and flap-deflected conditions indicated that the revised configuration should be satisfactory for most normal flight conditions provided the angle of attack does not exceed the angle for pitch-up. An abrupt pitch-up tendency of the model was evident for the zero thrust condition above approximately 15' angle of attack. Although the effects of power were destabilizing, power-on longitudinal stability was satisfactory through the angle-of-attack range for which the model was stable with zero thrust. Above the angle of attack for pitch-up, an uncontrollable left roll-off tendency would be expected with power on and slats retracted. Projection of wing slats or use of leading-edge chord-extensions with only the left extension drooped were found beneficial in controlling the roll-off tendency with power on; however the most effective means found was projection of only the left slat.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL53I24
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 48
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-10
    Beschreibung: Results of an investigation in the Langley full-scale tunnel of the hovering performance of large-scale twin-rotor-helicopter models are presented. Measurements of thrust, torque, and rotor flapping are given for overlapped (approximately 76 percent of blade radius) and nonoverlapped configurations and for two different rotor solidities. The measured performance is compared with single-rotor measurements and with available rotor theory. These tests show that the hovering performance of a single rotor and of two rotors without overlap or vertical offset are the same and hence may be calculated by single-rotor theory. These tests in conjunction with results of previous coaxial-rotor tests show that the performance of highly overlapped rotors can be reasonably predicted by available rotor theory.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-534 , L-95399
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Free-flight tests have been made to determine the zero-lift drag of several configurations of the XAAM-N-2 pilotless aircraft. Base-pressure measurements were also obtained for some of the configurations. The results show that increasing the wing-thickness ratio from 4 to 6 percent increased the wing drag by about 100 percent at M = 1.3 and by about 30 percent at M = 1.8. Increasing the nose fineness ratio from 5.00 to 6.25 reduced the drag coefficient of the wingless models a maximum of about 0.030 (10 percent) at M = 2.0. A corresponding change in nose shape for the winged models decreased the drag coefficient by about 0.05 in the Mach number range from 1.1 to 1.4; at Mach numbers greater than 1.6 no measurable reduction in drag coefficient was obtained. The drag of the present Sparrow fuselage is less than that of a parabolic fuselage which could contain the same equipment.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL50C16a
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: A limited investigation of a 1/24-scale dynamically similar model of the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics DR-77 design was conducted in Langley tank no. 2 to determine the calm-water take-off and the rough-water landing characteristics of the design with particular regard to the take-off resistance and the landing accelerations. During the take-off tests, resistance, trim, and rise were measured and photographs were taken to study spray. During the landing tests, motion-picture records and normal-acceleration records were obtained. A ratio of gross load to maximum resistance of 3.2 was obtained with a 30 deg. dead-rise hydro-ski installation. The maximum normal accelerations obtained with a 30 deg. dead-rise hydro-ski installation were of the order of 8g to log in waves 8 feet high (full scale). A yawing instability that occurred just prior to hydro-ski emergence was improved by adding an afterbody extension, but adding the extension reduced the ratio of gross load to maximum resistance to 2.9.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL53F04
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The stator-blade angles in the twelfth through fifteenth stages of a 16-stage axial-flow compressor were increased 3O. The over-all performance of this modified compressor is compared to the performance of the compressor with original blade angles. The matching characteristics of the modified compressor and a two-stage turbine were obtained and compared to those of the compressor with original blade angles and the same turbine.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-E52A10
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 52
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: An investigation has been conducted to determine the static stability and control and damping in roll and yaw of a 0.13-scale model of the Convair XFY-1 airplane with propellers off from 0 deg to 90 deg angle of attack. The tests showed that a slightly unstable pitch-up tendency occurred simultaneously with a break in the normal-force curve in the angle-of-attack range from about 27 deg to 36 deg. The top vertical tail contributed positive values of static directional stability and effective dihedral up to an angle of attack of about 35 deg. The bottom tail contributed positive values of static directional stability but negative values of effective dihedral throughout the angle-of-attack range. Effectiveness of the control surfaces decreased to very low values at the high angles of attack, The model had positive damping in yaw and damping in roll about the body axes over the angle-of-attack range but the damping in yaw decreased to about zero at 90 deg angle of attack.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL54J04
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 53
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Altitude performance characteristics of the J65-B3 turbojet engine and its components were obtained at engine-inlet conditions corresponding to Reynolds number indices from 0.2 to 0.8 over a range of corrected engine speeds from 70 to 110 percent of rated speed. Engine operational limits up to an altitude of 75,000 feet together with ignition and windmilling characteristics were also obtained. The engine and component data are presented both in graphical and in tabulated form. The operational characteristics are presented in graphical form.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SE54H18
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-14
    Beschreibung: Recent research on pneumatic tire hydroplaning has been collected and summarized with the aim of describing what is presently known about the phenomena of tire hydroplaning. A physical description of tire hydroplaning is given along with formulae for estimating the ground speed at which it occurs. Eight manifestations of tire hydroplaning which have been experimentally observed are presented and discussed. These manifestations are: detachment of tire footprint, hydrodynamic ground pressure, spin-down of wheel, suppression of tire bow wave, scouring action of escaping fluid in tire-ground footprint region, peaking of fluid displacement drag, loss in braking traction, and loss of tire directional stability. The vehicle, pavement, tire, and fluid parameters of importance to tire hydroplaning are listed and described. Finally, the hazards of tire hydroplaning to ground and air-vehicle-ground performance are listed, and procedures are given to minimize these effects.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-2056
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  • 55
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-14
    Beschreibung: An investigation was conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel on a 1/20-scale model of an unswept-wing, twin-engine, observation airplane. The effects of control settings and movements on the erect spin and recovery characteristics for the normal loading and the most rearward center-of-gravity loading (external wing tanks full) were determined. Also, tests were made to determine the effect on the spin and recovery characteristics of a large radar store, of empty and full external wing tanks, and of an asymmetrical condition when one empty or one full external wing tank is carried. Spin-recovery parachute tests were also performed. The results of the tests indicate that erect spins obtained on the airplane for the normal loading should be satisfactorily terminated by rudder reversal to full against the spin, ailerons moved to with the spin, followed one-half turn later by forward movement of the stick to neutral. With the radar store, with wing tanks empty, or with an asymmetrical condition when one empty tank is on either wing, satisfactory recoveries can be obtained by using the same technique as for the normal loading. Recoveries for the model with a rearward center-of-gravity loading (external wing tanks full) or with a full tank on the wing inboard of the spin axis will be slow to unsatisfactory with rudder reversal to full against the spin followed by brisk forward stick movement. With a full tank on the wing outboard of the spin axis, the recoveries will be satisfactory. Spins in the landing configuration should be terminated by first retracting the flaps, slats, and landing gear, after which recovery should be attempted immediately by using the recovery technique recommended for the normal loading condition. Inverted spins can be satisfactorily terminated by rudder reversal to full against the spin followed by neutralization of the longitudinal and lateral controls. A 12.7-foot-diameter tail parachute with a towline length of 21.7 feet and a drag coefficient of 0.65 should be satisfactory for recoveries from erect and inverted demonstration spins when used simultaneously with movement of rudder to neutral.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-1516
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: On August 12, 1960, an X-15 flight was made to achieve essentially the maximum altitude expected to be possible with the interim rocket engines. N l y corrected altitude measurements showed that the maxhum geometric altitude was 136,500 feet k600 and the maximum pressure altitude, referred to the tables of the 0. S . Extension to the ICAO Standard Atmosphere, was indicated to be 133,900 feet.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-623 , H-206
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  • 57
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: An investigation has been conducted in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics in pitch of a two-stage-rocket model configuration which simulated the last two stages of the launching vehicle for an inflatable sphere. Tests were made through an angle-of-attack range from -6 deg to 18 deg at dynamic pressures of 102 and 255 pounds per square foot with corresponding Mach numbers of 1.89 and 1.98 for the model both with and without a bumper arrangement designed to protect the rocket casing from the outer shell of the vehicle.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-640 , L-911
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  • 58
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: An investigation was made in the Langley 300-MPH 7- by 10-foot tunnel with a conventional ground-board setup and in the Langley tank no. 1 by using the tow carriage to move the model over a ground board to evaluate the simulation of flight conditions in ground influence with a conventional ground-board setup. The 12-percent-thick airfoil was unswept and untapered with an aspect ratio of 6.0 and had a 10 percent- chord jet-augmented flap. From this investigation it appears that the loss in lift of an airfoil with a jet-augmented flap in ground influence as determined in a wind tunnel with a conventional ground-board setup is considerably larger than would be obtained in free flight.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-658 , L-1199
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: Wind-tunnel tests have been conducted on a large-scale model of a swept-wing jet transport type airplane to study the factors affecting exhaust gas ingestion into the engine inlets when thrust reversal is used during ground roll. The model was equipped with four small jet engines mounted in nacelles beneath the wing. The tests included studies of both cascade and target type reversers. The data obtained included the free-stream velocity at the occurrence of exhaust gas ingestion in the outboard engine and the increment of drag due to thrust reversal for various modifications of thrust reverser configuration. Motion picture films of smoke flow studies were also obtained to supplement the data. The results show that the free-stream velocity at which ingestion occurred in the outboard engines could be reduced considerably, by simple modifications to the reversers, without reducing the effective drag due to reversed thrust.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-686 , A-445
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  • 60
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: An investigation has been made to determine the thrust characteristics within ground proximity of a series of models which might represent vertical take-off-and-landing (VTOL) aircraft with multiple exit jet engines exhausting vertically downward beneath a lifting surface. Variations in simulated engine configurations were provided by a series of nozzle insert plugs in which the number of jet exits, located symmetrically on a fixed circle, was varied, or the diameter of the circle was varied for a given number of jet exits. represent lifting surfaces, and high-pressure air was used to simulate jet-engine exhaust. Plywood plates were used to The results of the investigation showed that increasing the number of exits, such that an annular jet configuration was approached, provided more favorable thrust characteristics within ground proximity than any other variation in the geometry of these multiple jets. Tests of a configuration with two nozzles approximating a fan-in-wing VTOL aircraft with fans located at different spanwise locations indicated that the augmentation in thrust within ground proximity was greater for the arrangement with the more inboard location of the nozzles.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-513 , L-868
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: An investigation has been made by the NASA to obtain statistical measurements of landing-contact conditions for a large turbojet transport in commercial airline operations. The investigation was conducted at the Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California. Measurements were taken photographically during routine daylight operations. The quantities determined were vertical velocity, horizontal velocity, rolling velocity, bank angle, and distance from runway threshold, just prior to ground contact. The results indicated that the mean vertical velocity for the turbojet-transport landings was 1.62 feet per second and that 1 landing out of 100 would be expected to equal or exceed about 4.0 feet per second. The mean airspeed at contact was 132.0 knots, with 1 landing in 100 likely to equal or exceed about 153.0 knots. The mean rolling velocity was about 1.6 deg per second. One lending in 100 would probably equal or exceed a rolling velocity of about 4.0 deg. per second in the direction of the first wheel to touch. The mean bank angle for the turbojet transports was 1.04 deg, and right and left angles of bank were about evenly divided. One lending in 100 would be likely to equal or exceed a bank angle of about 3.5 deg. The mean value of distance to touchdown from the runway threshold was 1,560 feet. One lending in 100 would be expected to touchdown at or beyond about 2,700 feet from the runway threshold. The mean values for vertical velocity, airspeed, and distance t o touch-down for the turbojet transports were somewhat higher than those found previously for piston-engine transports. No significant differences were found for values of rolling velocity and bank angle.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-527 , L-1009
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  • 62
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: An investigation has been made to determine the effects of nose bluntness on boundary-layer transition for a cone with an included angle of 10 degrees and for a hollow cylinder. The tests were conducted at Mach numbers of 1.41 and 2.01 for free-stream Reynolds numbers per foot ranging from 1 x 10(exp 6) to 9 x 10(exp 6). The investigation was made with the use of schlieren photography for which the models were aligned with the free stream. For the 10 degree cone, the favorable effects of nose blunting were so small at both test Mach numbers as to be lost within the experimental accuracy. For small amounts of nose blunting on the hollow cylinder, for which the ratio of bluntness height to transition distance for the sharp-leading-edge cylinder was relatively small, there was little, if any, effect of blunting on transition. For somewhat larger values of this ratio, nose blunting had a favorable effect on transition. The magnitude of the favorable effect was dependent upon the size and the shape of the bluntness, and the maximum increase in transition distance relative to the sharp-leading-edge cylinder is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of NACA Technical Report 1312. For relatively large values of the ratio of nose bluntness to transition distance, the effects of nose blunting were adverse for both the cone and the cylinder. In general, adverse effects due to blunting were larger for the flat bluntness than for the hemispherical or the round bluntness of equal bluntness height. Increasing the Mach number increased the size of bluntness required to induce adverse effects at constant free-stream Reynolds number per foot, delayed the adverse effects to higher values of Reynolds number per foot for constant nose bluntness, and reduced the abruptness of the transition decrease.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-717 , L-762
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  • 63
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: An investigation has been made to determine the low-subsonic-speed static stability characteristics of several right-triangular-pyramid and half-cone configurations. Also studied were the effects of various modifications, such as base extensions, nose shape, nose incidence, and ridge-line shape. The investigation showed that, in general, the models had satisfactory longitudinal and lateral stability. The basic pyramid model and the conical ridge-line model with or without a rounded nose had almost identical longitudinal and lateral stability characteristics and lift-drag ratios. The lift-drag ratios of the cylindrical ridge-line and half-cone models were considerably lower than those of the conical ridge-line model. The addition of a 20 degree boattail to the models increased the lift-drag ratios but decreased the directional stability, whereas a streamwise base extension was more effective in increasing the lift-drag ratios and increased the directional stability.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-646 , L-1242
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  • 64
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: This paper presents the analysis of the flapwise natural bending frequencies and mode shapes of rotor blades with two flapping hinges located at arbitrary blade radii. The equations of motion are derived for a blade of variable mass and stiffness distribution. Solutions to the equations (natural frequencies and mode shapes) are presented for a typical blade of constant cross section having a wide range of hinge locations. The results show that the natural frequencies of the blades can be changed appreciably by varying the locations of the blade hinges, and that with two properly located flapping hinges, blade designs are possible which eliminate or greatly reduce conditions of resonance between the blade natural frequencies and the frequencies of the harmonic air loads. The results also show that ratios of natural frequency to rotor speed below a value of 6.0 are essentially constant for variations in rotor speed consistent with helicopter and VTOL applications.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-633
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: During the first powered flight of the North American X-15 research airplane on September 17, 1959, a Mach number of 2.1 and an altitude of 52,000 feet were attained. Static and dynamic maneuvers were performed to evaluate the characteristics of the airplane at subsonic and supersonic speeds. Data from these maneuvers as well as from the launch and landing phases are presented, discussed, and compared with predicted values. The rate of separation of the X-15 from the B-52 carrier airplane at launch was less than that predicted by wind-tunnel studies and was less rapid than in the lightweight condition of the initial glide flight. In addition, the angular motions and bank angle attained following the launch were of lesser magnitude than in the glide flight. Stable longitudinal-stability trends were apparent during the acceleration to maximum speed, and the pilot reported experiencing little or no transonic trim excursions. An inexplicable high-frequency vibration, which occurred at Mach numbers above 1.4, is being investigated further. Essentially linear lift and stability characteristics were indicated within the limited ranges of angle of attack and angle of sideslip investigated. The dynamic longitudinal and lateral-directional stability and control-effectiveness characteristics appeared satisfactory to the pilot. Although the longitudinal- and lateral-directional-damping ratios showed no significant change from subsonic to supersonic speeds, on the basis of time to damp, the damping characteristics at supersonic speeds appeared to the pilot to be somewhat improved over those at subsonic speeds.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TM-X-269
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  • 66
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: The take-off distances over a 35-foot obstacle have been determined for a supersonic transport configuration characterized by a low maximum lift coefficient at a high angle of attack and by high drag due to lift. These distances were determined analytically by means of an electronic digital computer. The effects of rotation speed, rotation angle, and rotation time were determined. A few configuration changes were made to determine the effects of thrust-weight ratio, wing loading, maximum lift coefficient, and induced drag on the take-off distance. The required runway lengths based on Special Civil Air Regulation No. SR-422B were determined for various values of rotation speed and compared with those based on full engine power. Increasing or decreasing the rotation speed as much as 5 knots from the value at which the minimum take-off distance occurred increased the distance only slightly more than 1 percent for the configuration studied. Under-rotation by 1 deg to 1.5 deg increased the take-off distance by 9 to 15 percent. Increasing the time required for rotation from 3 to 5 seconds had a rather small effect on the take-off distance when the values of rotation speed were near the values which result in the shortest take-off distance. When the runway length is based on full engine power rather than on SR-422B, the rotation speed which results in the shortest required runway length is 10 knots lower and the runway length is 4.3 percent less.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-982 , L-1728
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  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: An investigation has been conducted at low subsonic speeds to study the effects of canard planform and wing-leading-edge modification on the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of a general research canard airplane configuration. The basic wing of the model had a trapezoidal planform, an aspect ratio of 3.0, a taper ratio of 0.143, and an unswept 80-percent-chord line. Modifications to the wing included addition of full-span and partial-span leading-edge chord-extensions. Two canard planforms were employed in the study; one was a 60 deg sweptback delta planform and the other was a trapezoidal planform similar to that of the basic wing. Modifications to these canards included addition of a full-span leading-edge chord-extension to the trapezoidal planform and a fence to the delta planform. For the basic-wing-trapezoidal-canard configuration, rather abrupt increases in stability occurred at about 12 deg angle of attack. A slight pitch-up tendency occurred for the delta-canard configuration at approximately 8 deg angle of attack. A comparison of the longitudinal control effectiveness for the basic-wing-trapezoidal-canard combination and for the basic-wing-delta-canard combination indicates higher values of control effectiveness at law angles of attack for the trapezoidal canard. The control effectiveness for the delta-canard configuration, however, is seen to hold up for higher canard deflections and to higher angles of attack. Use of a full-span chord-extension deflected approximately 30 deg on the trapezoidal canard greatly improved the control characteristics of this configuration and enabled a sizeable increase in trim lift to be realized.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-958 , L-1372
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: General equations are developed for the design of efficient structures protected from thermal environments typical of those encountered in boost-glide or atmospheric-reentry conditions. The method is applied to insulated heat-sink stressed-skin structures and to internally cooled insulated structures. Plates loaded in compression are treated in detail. Under limited conditions of plate buckling, high loading, and short flight periods, and for aluminum structures only, the weights of both configurations are nearly equal. Load parameters are found and are similar to those derived in previous investigations for the restricted case of a constant equilibrium temperature at the outside surface of the insulation.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-990 , L-991
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  • 69
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: The model was tested at two different elevations with the wing pivot at 1.008 and 2.425 propeller diameters above the ground. The slipstream of the propellers was deflected by tilting the wing and propellers, by deflections of large-chord trailing-edge flaps, and by combinations of flap deflection and wing tilt. Tests were conducted over a range of propeller disk loadings from 7.41 to 29.70 pounds per square foot. Force data for the complete model and pressure distributions for the wing and flaps behind one propeller were recorded and are presented in tabular form without analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-397 , L-987
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: A numerical study was made of the effects of blade cutout on the power required by a sample helicopter rotor traveling at tip-speed ratios of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. The amount of cutout varied from 0 to 0.5 of the rotor radius and the calculations were carried out for a thrust coefficient-solidity ratio of 0.04. In these calculations the blade within the cutout radius was assumed to have zero chord. The effect of such cutout on profile-drag power ranged from almost no effect at a tip-speed ratio of 0.3 to as much as a 60 percent reduction at a tip-speed ratio of 0.5. Optimum cutout was about 0.3 of the rotor radius. Part of the large power reduction at a tip-speed ratio of 0.5 resulted from a reduction in tip-region stall, brought about by cutout. For tip-speed ratios greater than 0.3, cutout also effected a significant increase in the ability of the rotor to overcome helicopter parasite drag. It is thus seen that the adverse trends (at high tip-speed ratios) indicated by the uniform-chord theoretical charts are caused in large measure by the center portion of the rotor. The extent to which a modified-design rotor can actually be made more efficient at high speeds than a uniform-chord rotor will depend in practice on the degree of success in minimizing the blade plan form near the center and on special modifications in center-section profiles. A few suggestions and estimates in regard to such modifications are included herein.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-382 , L-696
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  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: A free-flight investigation of two radio-controlled models with parawings, a glider configuration and an airplane (powered) configuration, was made to evaluate the performance, stability, and methods of controlling parawing vehicles. The flight tests showed that the models were stable and could be controlled either by shifting the center of gravity or by using conventional elevator and rudder control surfaces. Static wind-tunnel force-test data were also obtained.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-927 , L-1374
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: The aerodynamic characteristics of a hypersonic glider configuration, consisting of a slender ogive cylinder with three highly swept wings, spaced 120 apart, with the wing chord equal to the body length, were investigated experimentally at a Mach number of 6 and at Reynolds numbers from 6 to 16 million. The objectives were to evaluate the theoretical procedures which had been used to estimate the performance of the glider, and also to evaluate the characteristics of the glider itself. A principal question concerned the viscous drag at full-scale Reynolds number, there being a large difference between the total drags for laminar and turbulent boundary layers. It was found that the procedures which had been applied for estimating minimum drag, drag due to lift, lift curve slope, and center of pressure were generally accurate within 10 percent. An important exception was the non-linear contribution to the lift coefficient which had been represented by a Newtonian term. Experimentally, the lift curve was nearly linear within the angle-of-attack range up to 10 deg. This error affected the estimated lift-drag ratio. The minimum drag measurements indicated that substantial amounts of turbulent boundary layer were present on all models tested, over a range of surface roughness from 5 microinches maximum to 200 microinches maximum. In fact, the minimum drag coefficients were nearly independent of the surface smoothness and fell between the estimated values for turbulent and laminar boundary layers, but closer to the turbulent value. At the highest test Reynolds numbers and at large angles of attack, there was some indication that the skin friction of the rough models was being increased by the surface roughness. At full-scale Reynolds number, the maximum lift-drag ratio with a leading edge of practical diameter (from the standpoint of leading-edge heating) was 4.0. The configuration was statically and dynamically stable in pitch and yaw, and the center of pressure was less than 2-percent length ahead of the centroid of plan-form area.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-341
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  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-17
    Beschreibung: An aircraft configuration, previously conceived as a means to achieve favorable aerodynamic stability characteristics., high lift-drag ratio, and low heating rates at high supersonic speeds., was modified in an attempt to increase further the lift-drag ratio without adversely affecting the other desirable characteristics. The original configuration consisted of three identical triangular wing panels symmetrically disposed about an ogive-cylinder body equal in length to the root chord of the panels. This configuration was modified by altering the angular disposition of the wing panels, by reducing the area of the panel forming the vertical fin, and by reshaping the body to produce interference lift. Six-component force and moment tests of the modified configuration at combined angles of attack and sideslip were made at a Mach number of 3.3 and a Reynolds number of 5.46 million. A maximum lift-drag ratio of 6.65 (excluding base drag) was measured at a lift coefficient of 0.100 and an angle of attack of 3.60. The lift-drag ratio remained greater than 3 up to lift coefficient of 0.35. Performance estimates, which predicted a maximum lift-drag ratio for the modified configuration 27 percent greater than that of the original configuration, agreed well with experiment. The modified configuration exhibited favorable static stability characteristics within the test range. Longitudinal and directional centers of pressure were slightly aft of the respective centroids of projected plan-form and side area.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-330
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  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: Near-field and far-field noise surveys were made of the supersonic The exhaust jet of the Langley 9- by 6-foot thermal structures tunnel. The jet had a thrust rating of approximately 475,000 pounds. The sound power radiated was found to be about 3.6 x 10(exp 6) watts, and on an acoustical-mechanical efficiency basis this value is in reasonable agreement with data for smaller supersonic jets and for rocket engines of other investigations. Octave-band analyses of the near-field noise show that the maximum sound pressure levels in the low-frequency bands are greatest downstream, whereas maximum sound pressure levels in the high-frequency bands were greatest near the jet exit. A comparison of near-field noise measurements is made with data previously obtained for rocket engines. Noise survey measurements of the original jet are compared with similar data obtained after the addition of a 97-foot-long exit diffuser section, and an example of the application of this facility to the problem of acoustic environmental testing of a large space capsule is cited.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-517 , L-499
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the heat-transfer rates at the apex of two 60 degree sweptback delta wings (panel semi-apex angle of 30 degrees) having cylindrical leading edges and 0 degrees and 45 degree positive dihedral. The models tested might correspond to the first several feet of a hypersonic reentry vehicle. The tests were conducted at a Mach number of 4.95 and a stagnation temperature of 400 F. nominal test-section unit Reynolds numbers varied from 2 x 10(exp 6) to 12 x 10(exp 6) per foot. The results of the investigation indicated that the laminar heat-transfer distributions (ratio of local to stagnation-line heating rate) about the models normal to the leading edges were in close agreement with two-dimensional blunt-body theory. The three-dimensional stagnation point heat-transfer rate on the 0 degree dihedral model was in excellent agreement with theory and the stagnation-line heat transfer on the straight portion of the leading edge of both models approached a constant level 12 percent above the theoretical stagnation-line level on an isolated swept infinite cylinder. When the heating rates on the 45 degree dihedral model (planform sweep of 69.3 degree) were compared with those on the 0 degree dihedral model (planform sweep of 60 degrees) at equal angles of attack and equal lifts greater than zero, the stagnation-line heating rates on the 45 degrees dihedral model were, in general, considerably lower as a result of the difference in effective sweeps of the leading edges. On the wing panels inboard from the stagnation lines, the differences in heating were very small. The stagnation-line heat-transfer variation with angle of attack, the shift in stagnation-line location, and the reduction in stagnation-line heat transfer resulting from the increase in effective sweep when positive dihedral is incorporated into a constant-panel 0 degree dihedral wing, all agreed with the results of a theoretical study made of highly swept delta wings with large positive dihedral.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-550 , L-963
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: An approximate method for the estimation of laminar heat transfer to blunt bodies with gaseous film cooling i s developed. Attention is focused on the parameters which are important for the design of an attractive heat protection system. Application of the analysis is made to calculate the approximate coolant weight requirement for both a circular and a parabolic entry.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-861 , A-499
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  • 77
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: A series of semispan wing models having various spanwise distributions of both thickness ratio and chord but having the same effective thickness ratio was tested in the Langley 4-by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel at Mach number 2.03 and Reynolds numbers from 1.9 x 10(exp 6) to 6.5 x 10(exp 6) complex wing forms with thickened roots, extended root chords, and higher volumes show appreciably lower zero-lift wave drag coefficients than the plain swept wings. A calculative technique for the determination of wave drag has been applied to one of the complex wings of the series and good agreement is shown with experimental results. The complex wing forms showed higher drags due to lift than the plain swept wings.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-631
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  • 78
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: The experimental wing buffet response of a transport-type airplane model with and without wing bodies, fences, flaps, and a fuselage addition has been investigated at Mach numbers from 0.20 to 1.03. The wing had NACA 64A-series airfoil sections inclined 5 degrees to the free-stream direction. The quarter-chord line of the wing was swept back 45 degrees, the aspect ratio was 7, the taper ratio was 0.3, and the thickness ratio varied from 0.115 at the root to 0.074 at the midsemispan and was constant from that station to the tip. The wing was twisted and cambered for a design lift coefficient of 0.3. The results of the investigation indicated that a marked reduction of buffet intensity and a delay of buffet onset at transonic speeds were achieved by the addition to the wing of special bodies designed to reduce shock-induced separation. The further addition of wing fences and wing trailing-edge flaps deflected 30 degrees increased the lift coefficients at which low-speed stall buffeting occurred. An addition to the fuselage near the upper forward portion produced no consistent change in the buffet characteristics.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-637
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: Data obtained with NASA VGH and V-G recorders installed on three types of turboprop and one type of turbojet commercial transport air- plane have been analyzed to determine the relation of the maximum operational speeds to the placard normal-operating and never-exceed speeds. The frequency of exceeding the placard speeds is compared with corresponding results for past operations with piston-powered transports. In addition, data pertaining to the operational altitudes and the average airspeeds in rough and smooth air for the turbine-powered transports are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-744
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: An experimental investigation has been made to determine the dynamic stability and control characteristics of a 1/6-scale flying model of the Hawker P lIP7 jet vertical-take-off-and-landing (VTOL) airplane in hovering and transition flight. The model was powered by a counter-rotating ducted fan driven by compressed-air jets at the tips of the fan blades. In hovering flight the model was controlled by jet-reaction controls which consisted of yaw and pitch jets at the extremities of the fuselage and a roll jet on each wing tip. In forward flight the model was controlled by conventional ailerons and rudder and an all-movable horizontal tail. In hovering flight the model could be flown smoothly and easily, but the roll control was considered too weak for rapid maneuvering or hovering in gusty air. Transitions from hovering to normal forward flight and back to hovering could be made smoothly and consistently and with only moderate changes in longitudinal trim. The model had a static longitudinal instability or pitch-up tendency throughout the transition range, but the rate of divergence in the pitch-up was moderate and the model could be controlled easily provided the angle of attack was not allowed to become too high. In both the transition and normal forward flight conditions the lateral motions of the model were difficult to control at high angles of attack, apparently because of low directional stability at small angles of sideslip. The longitudinal stability of the model in normal forward flight was generally satisfactory, but there was a decided pitch-up tendency for the flap-down condition at high angles of attack. In the VTOL landing approach condition, with the jets directed straight down or slightly forward, the nose-down pitch trim required was greater than in the transitions from hovering to forward flight, but the longitudinal instability was about the same. Take-offs and landings in still air could be made smoothly although there was a slight unfavorable ground effect on lift and a nose-down change in pitch trim near the ground. Short take-offs and landings could be made smoothly and consistently although the model experienced a decided nose-up change in pitching moment as it climbed out of ground effect.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TM-SX-531 , L-1484
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: The lift and drag characteristics of a Boeing KC-135 airplane were determined during maneuvering flight over the Mach number range from 0.70 to 0.85 for the airplane in the clean configuration at an altitude of 26,000 feet. Data were also obtained over the speed range of 130 knots to 160 knots at 9,000 feet for various flap deflections with gear down.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-30 , H-119
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 82
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: An analytical investigation is made of a precession-type instability which can occur in a flexibly supported aircraft-engine-propeller combination. By means of an idealized mathematical model which is comprised of a rigid power-plant system flexibly mounted in pitch and yaw to a fixed backup structure, the conditions required for neutral stability are determined. The paper also examines the sensitivity of the stability boundaries to changes in such parameters as stiffness, damping, and asymmetries in the engine mount, propeller speed, airspeed, Mach number, propeller thrust, and location of pitch and yaw axes. Stability is found to depend strongly on the damping and stiffness in the system. With the use of nondimensional charts, theoretical stability boundaries are compared with experimental results obtained in wind-tunnel tests of an aeroelastic airplane model. In general, the theoretical results, which do not account for wing response, show the same trends as observed experimentally; however, for a given set of conditions calculated airspeeds for neutral stability are consistently lower than the measured values. Evidently, this result is due to the fact that wing response tends to add damping to the system.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-659
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-13
    Beschreibung: The study of the hydrodynamic properties of planing bottom of flying boats and seaplane floats is at the present time based exclusively on the curves of towing tests conducted in tanks. In order to provide a rational basis for the test procedure in tanks and practical design data, a theoretical study must be made of the flow at the step and relations derived that show not only qualitatively but quantitatively the inter-relations of the various factors involved. The general solution of the problem of the development of hydrodynamic forces during the motion of the seaplane float or flying boat is very difficult for it is necessary to give a three-dimensional solution, which does not always permit reducing the analysis to the form of workable computation formulas. On the other had, the problem is complicated by the fact that the object of the analysis is concerned with two fluid mediums, namely, air and water, which have a surface of density discontinuity between them. The theoretical and experimental investigations on the hydrodynamics of a ship cannot be completely carried over to the design of floats and flying-boat hulls, because of the difference in the shape of the contour lines of the bodies, and, because of the entirely different flow conditions from the hydrodynamic viewpoint.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-TM-1246 , Materialy po Gidrodinamicheskomu Raschetu Glisserov i Gidrosamoletov; 1-39; CAHI-Rept-149
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-14
    Beschreibung: An impulse-momentum method for determining impact conditions for landing gears in eccentric landings is presented. The analysis is primarily concerned with the determination of contact velocities for impacts subsequent to initial touchdown in eccentric landings and with the determination of the effective mass acting on each landing gear. These parameters determine the energy-absorption requirements for the landing gear and, in conjunction with the particular characteristics of the landing gear, govern the magnitude of the ground loads. Changes in airplane angular and linear velocities and the magnitude of landing-gear vertical, drag, and side impulses resulting from a landing impact are determined by means of impulse-momentum relationships without the necessity for considering detailed force-time variations. The effective mass acting on each gear is also determined from the calculated landing-gear impulses. General equations applicable to any type of eccentric landing are written and solutions are obtained for the particular cases of an impact on one gear, a simultaneous impact on any two gears, and a symmetrical impact. In addition a solution is presented for a simplified two-degree-of-freedom system which allows rapid qualitative evaluation of the effects of certain principal parameters. The general analysis permits evaluation of the importance of such initial conditions at ground contact as vertical, horizontal, and side drift velocities, wing lift, roll and pitch angles, and rolling and pitching velocities, as well as the effects of such factors as landing gear location, airplane inertia, landing-gear length, energy-absorption efficiency, and wheel angular inertia on the severity of landing impacts. -A brief supplementary study which permits a limited evaluation of variable aerodynamic effects neglected in the analysis is presented in the appendix. Application of the analysis indicates that landing-gear impacts in eccentric landings can be appreciably more severe than impacts in symmetrical landings with the same sinking speed. The results also indicate the effects of landing-gear location, airplane inertia, initial wing lift, side drift velocity, attitude, and initial rolling velocity on the severity of both initial and subsequent landing-gear impacts. A comparison of the severity of impacts on auxiliary gears for tricycle and quadricycle configurations is also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-TN-2596
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-14
    Beschreibung: This catalog gives the selenographic coordinates of all craters observable on a selected portion of the moon's surface. The diameter of the crater together with comments on shape are also given. Approximately 25 per cent of the craters have been measured previously by other observers. The catalog gives the position found in the present series of measurements and the name adopted by the International Astronomical Union.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: HQ-E-DAA-TN50637
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-15
    Beschreibung: Brief dynamic-model tests have been made at the request of the Federal Aviation Agency to investigate the use of a shallow pond of water at the end of a runway as a means of arresting jet-transport aircraft when they are forced to abort on take-off or overrun on landing. Such a scheme is of particular interest for civil aircraft because it requires no modifications or attachments to the airplane and no mechanical devices in the arresting system. A modification of this scheme that uses a flexible plastic cover over the water surface has also been tested. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a dynamic model investigation which would aid in determining whether the water-pond arresting system could be used as a means of arresting airplane overrun.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-732 , L-1318
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-15
    Beschreibung: An attempt has been made to determine the importance of rolling performance and other factors in the design of an interceptor which uses collision-course tactics. A graphical method is presented for simple visualization of attack situations. By means of diagrams showing vectoring limits, that is, the ranges of interceptor position and heading from which attacks may be successfully completed, the relative importance of rolling performance and normal-acceleration capability in determining the success of attacks is illustrated. The results indicate that the reduction in success of attacks due to reduced rolling performance (within the limits generally acceptable from the pilots' standpoint) is very small, whereas the benefits due to substantially increasing the normal-acceleration capability are large. Additional brief analyses show that the optimum speed for initiating a head-on attack is often that corresponding to the upper left-hand corner of the V-g diagram. In these cases, increasing speed beyond this point for given values of normal acceleration and radar range rapidly decreases the width of the region from which successful attacks can be initiated. On the other hand, if the radar range is increased with a variation somewhere between the first and second power of the interceptor speed, the linear dimensions of the region from which successful attacks can be initiated vary as the square of the interceptor speed.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-952
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-15
    Beschreibung: Incipient- and developed-spin and recovery characteristics of a modern high-speed fighter design with low aspect ratio have been investigated by means of dynamic model tests. A 1/7-scale radio-controlled model was tested by means of drop tests from a helicopter. Several 1/25-scale models with various configuration changes were tested in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel. Model results indicated that generally it would be difficult to obtain a developed spin with a corresponding airplane and that either the airplane would recover of its own accord from any poststall motion or the poststall motion could be readily terminated by proper control technique. On occasion, however, the results indicated that if a post-stall motion were allowed to continue, a fully developed spin might be obtainable from which recovery could range from rapid to no recovery at all, even when optimum control technique was used. Satisfactory recoveries could be obtained with a proper-size tail parachute or strake, application of pitching-, rolling-, or yawing-moment rockets, or sufficient differential deflection of the horizontal tail.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-956 , L-1662
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-15
    Beschreibung: An investigation of the subsonic stability and control characteristics of an unpowered 1/7-scale model based on the North American X-15 airplane was conducted by using a radio-controlled model launched from a helicopter and flown in free-gliding flight. At angles of attack below about 20 deg. where the model motions represent those of the X-15 airplane, the model was found to be both longitudinally and laterally stable, and the all-movable tail surfaces were found to be very effective. The model could also be flown at much higher angles of attack where the model motions did not necessarily represent those of the airplane because of slight geometrical differences and Reynolds number effects, but these test results are useful in evaluating the effectiveness at these angles of the type of lateral control system used in the X-15 airplane. In some cases, the model was flown to angles of attack as high as 60 or 70 deg. without encountering divergent or uncontrollable conditions. For some flights in which the model was subjected to rapid maneuvers, spinning motions were generated by application of corrective controls to oppose the direction of rotation. Rapid recoveries from this type of motion were achieved by applying roll control in the direction of rotation.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TM-X-283
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-15
    Beschreibung: An investigation of the effects of several wing leading-edge modifications on the aerodynamic characteristics of a 45 degree swept-wing fighter-airplane model has been conducted in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel at low and high lifting conditions at Mach numbers from 0.85 to 1.03. The investigation included the determination of the effect on longitudinal stability and performance characteristics of wing leading-edge and chord-extension droops of 60 and 20 degrees chord-extension overhangs of 0.075c and 0.15c (where c inboard end of the 0.075c chord-extension to depths of 0.075c and 0.l25c, and indention of the model fuselage to conform partially to the supersonic area rule for a Mach number of 1.20. Lift, drag, and pitching-moment data were obtained for configurations with the tail on and off. Comparisons of data obtained from the present model with data from a configuration with leading-edge slats are included. Generally, the model wing modifications provided only slight improvements of the airplane longitudinal stability characteristics, but did substantially reduce the airplane drag coefficients at moderate and high lifting conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-834 , L-1060
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-15
    Beschreibung: An investigation was conducted to determine the effect of thrust control by means of controllable thrust reversers on the longitudinal characteristics of a large-scale airplane model with a 35' sweptback wing of aspect ratio of 7 and four pylon-mounted jet engines equipped with target-type thrust reversers designed to provide thrust control ranging from full forward thrust to full reverse thrust. The thrust control in landing-approach configurations formed the major portion of the study. Results were obtained with both leading- and trailing-edge high-lift devices.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-786 , A-450
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-15
    Beschreibung: VTOL-STOL aircraft are characterized in general by the fact that in some portion of their flight envelope the wake is sharply inclined to the free stream. Under such conditions, the usual small-angle assumptions used in determining the induced velocities, and consequently, the power required, are no longer valid. Indeed, the use of small-angle assumptions leads to such anomalous results as infinite induced velocities and required power in the extreme case of hovering. The aforementioned difficulties may be avoided by a more complete examination of the horizontal and vertical momentum imparted to the air by the aircraft at low speeds. The resulting equation is a quartic in the induced velocity, and, as such, is difficult to apply. On the other hand, this quartic can be solved in its most general terms and the resulting solution then can be derived and presented in the form of a chart, or nomograph, from which the required induced velocities my be read directly. This paper presents such a chart.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NASA-TN-D-814 , L-1479
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: A wind-tunnel investigation has been conducted to determine the stability and control characteristics of a full-size model of the Hughes MX-904 missile. Aerodynamic characteristics of the complete model through moderate ranges of angles of attack and yaw, with an additional test made through an angle of attack of 180 degrees, are presented. The effects of horizontal tail deflection are also included.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL9D28
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: A free-flight 0.12-scale rocket-boosted model of the North American MX-770 (X-10) missile has been tested in flight by the Pilotless Aircraft Research Division of the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory. Drag, longitudinal stability, and duct performance data were obtained at Mach numbers from 0.8 to 1.7 covering a Reynolds number range of about 9 x 10(exp 6) to 24 x 10(exp 6) based on wing mean aerodynamic chord. The lift-curve slope, static stability, and damping-in-pitch derivatives showed similar variations with Mach number, the parameters increasing from subsonic values in the transonic region and decreasing in the supersonic region. The variations were for the most part fairly smooth. The aerodynamic center of the configuration shifted rearward in the transonic region and moved forward gradually in the supersonic region. The pitching effectiveness of the canard control surfaces was maintained throughout the flight speed range, the supersonic values being somewhat greater than the subsonic. Trim values of angle of attack and lift coefficient changed abruptly in the transonic region, the change being associated with variations in the out-of-trim pitching moment, control effectiveness, and aerodynamic-center travel in this speed range. Duct total-pressure recovery decreased with increase in free-stream Mach number and the values were somewhat less than normal-shock recovery. Minimum drag data indicated a supersonic drag coefficient about twice the subsonic drag coefficient and a drag-rise Mach number of approximately 0.90. Base drag was small subsonically but was about 25 percent of the minimum drag of the configuration supersonically.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL53D10A
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: An investigation of a 1/24- scale dynamically similar model of the Douglas C-124 airplane was made to determine the ditching characteristics and proper technique for ditching the airplane. Various conditions of damage, landing attitude, flap setting, and speed were investigated. The behavior of the model was determined from visual observations, motion- picture records, and time-history deceleration records. The results of the investigation are presented in table form, photographs, and curves. It was concluded on the basis of results from model tests with scale-strength bottoms (equivalent to 1150 pounds per square foot, full scale) that the airplane should be ditched at a medium nose-high landing attitude (near 7deg) with flaps full down. The airplane will probably make a smooth run with considerable damage resulting to the fuselage bottom just forward of the wing, but it is not likely that the water inflow will be overwhelming to personnel provided they are not in the belly compartment. Longitudinal decelerations in calm water will be about 2 1/2g and the landing run will be about four fuselage lengths.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL51F20
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: An investigation was conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel on a 1/23-scale model of the McDonnell F3H-1N airplane. The effects of control settings and movements upon the erect and inverted spin and recovery characteristics of the model were determined for the clean condition. Spin-recovery parachute tests were also performed. The results indicated that erect spins obtained on the airplane for the take-off or combat loadings should be satisfactorily terminated if full rudder reversal is accompanied by moving the ailerons to full with the spin (stick full right in a right spin). The spins obtained should be oscillatory in pitch, roll, and yaw. Recoveries from inverted spins should be satisfactory by full reversal of the rudder. A 16.7-foot- diameter tail parachute with a towline length of 30 feet and a drag coefficient of 0.734 should be adequate for emergency recovery from demonstration spins.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL55A10a
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: An application of airfoil design methods was used to design series of related turbine-blade profiles to satisfy the conditions of inlet flow angle and turning angle encountered in the usual range of turbine operation. A series of blade profiles applicable to most turbine blading requirements and a secondary series with particular reference to impulse conditions were designed. Five blade sections from these series ranging in mean-line turning angles from 63 deg. to 120 deg. were tested in low-speed cascade tunnels. From low-speed test results optimum blade angles of attack were selected at each test condition. The induced angle and the deviation angle of the flow were determined from the low-speed data. If these angles are known for the solidity and inlet angle of an application, the necessary camber is specified. A method of predicting high-speed pressure distributions from low-speed cascade test results is presented to extend the usefulness of the low-speed data. Sample high-speed tests of two of the five blade sections were made at Mach numbers up to the critical value. The results indicated satisfactory flow conditions in all of the blade passages tested.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-L53G15
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: A ditching investigation of a model of the Convair-Liner airplane was made to observe the behavior and determine the safest procedure for making an emergency water landing. The ditching model was designed and constructed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Design information on the airplane was furnished by the Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation. A three-view drawing of the airplane is shown. The investigation was made in calm water at the Langley tank no. 2 monorail.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL50K02
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: An investigation has been made in the Langley gust tunnel with two identical airplane models approximating 1/40-scale models of the B-29, coupled in tandem with a boom so that the individual centers of gravity were equidistant from the single coupling joint at the tail of the lead airplane. Time histories of the boom joint load were obtained as the models were flown through a gust. The results indicate that on a similar configuration involving airplanes the size of B-29 airplanes a load on the boom joint of 10,000 to 14,000 pounds could be induced by encountering a gust of 50 feet per second and having a gradient distance of 17 chords, at a forward speed of 380 feet per second and that the total load is extremely sensitive to the steadiness of flight that can be maintained with or without a gust. It is felt that the results are probably satisfactory to show order of magnitude, but it does not appear possible that a precise determination of the joint load that would be applicable to the full-scale airplanes can be obtained by gust-tunnel tests.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-SL51E01A
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: Flight tests have been conducted on rocket-propelled models of an airplane configuration incorporating a sweptback wing with inverse taper to investigate the drag, stability, and control characteristics at transonic and supersonic speeds. The models were tested with a conventional tail arrangement in the Mach number range from 0.55 to 1.2. In addition to the various aerodynamic parameters obtained, the flying qualities were computed for a full-scale airplane with the center-of-gravity location at 18 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord. Also, included in this investigation are drag measurements made on relatively simple fixed-control models tested with both conventional and V-tail arrangements.
    Schlagwort(e): Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Materialart: NACA-RM-L50G18a
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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