ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • pharmacokinetics  (48)
  • Light microscopy  (39)
  • 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects
  • Immunocytochemistry
  • temperature
  • wheat
  • Springer  (93)
  • AGU
  • Copernicus
  • INGV
  • University of Patras, Greece
  • 1970-1974  (93)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (93)
  • AGU
  • Copernicus
  • INGV
  • University of Patras, Greece
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 313-321 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cathepsin D ; Extracellular ; Ossification ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé De la cathepsine D extracellulaire d'origine principalement ostéoblastique a été démontrée par immunohistochimie dans le cartilage en voide de calcification de cultures d'os des membres d'embryons de poulet. L'intérêt de ce fait pour l'ossification est discuté.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde mit einer immunohistochemischen Methode gezeigt, daß extrazelluläres Kathepsin D, welches hauptsächlich aus Osteoblasten gewonnen wurde, Knorpel von kultivierten Knochen von Kükenembryonen mineralisiert. Die Bedeutung dieser Feststellung für den Mechanismus der Knochenbildung wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Extracellular cathepsin D derived mainly from osteoblasts has been demonstrated immunohistochemically in ossifying cartilage of cultured embryonic chick limb bones. The relevance of this observation to the mechanism of ossification is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 125-136 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Mineralization ; Molt ; Isopod ; Chemistry ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au cours de la phase inhabituelle de mue d'un isopode d'eau courante,Lirceuts brachyrus, la moitié postérieure de l'exosquelette est éliminée 24 heures avant la moitié antérieure. A ce stade, une reminéralisation se développe dans la partie postérieure alors que la partie antérieure est dans un stade de pré-mue. Le pourcentage de différence en calcium dans les deux moitiés à mi-mue et mue complète est respectivement de 22% (p〈0.01) et 33% (p〈0.01), indiquant une complexation du calcium pendant la mue. La rapidité de la reminéralisation est illustrée par le fait que le contenu minéral total double dans la partie postérieure entre la mi-mue et la mue totale et dans la partie antérieure entre la fin de la mue et un jour après. Le carbonate de calcium, sous forme de calcite, a pu être identifié par diffraction électronique de coupes fines des téguments.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Während der ungewöhnlichen Häutungssequenz des Frischwasser-IsopodenLirceus brachyurus (Harger) wird die hintere Hälfte des äußeren Skeletts 24 Std vor der vorderen Hälfte abgestoßen. In der halbgehäuteten Phase erfolgt Remineralisation im hinteren Teil, während der vordere Teil in einem Vorhäutungszustand ist. Der prozentuale Unterschied des Calciums in den zwei Hälften bei Halb- und Vollhäutungszustand ist 22% (p〈0,01) bzw. 33% (p〈0,01), was andeutet, daß Calcium während der Häutung abgesondert wird. Die Geschwindigkeit der Remineralisation erhellt aus der Tatsache, daß sich der Gesamtmineralgehalt im hinteren Teil zwischen Halt- und Vollhäutung, in der vorderen Hälfte jedoch zwischen Endhäutung und einem Tag nach der Häutung verdoppelt. Calciumcarbonat in kristalliner Calcitform wurde mittels Elektronendiffraktion von dünnen Hautschnitten nachgewiesen.
    Notes: Abstract During the unusual molt sequence of the fresh-water isopod,Lirceus brachyrus (Harger), the posterior half of the exoskeleton is shed 24 hours before the anterior half. At the half-molt stage, occurs in the posterior part while the anterior portion is in a pre-molt condition. The percentage difference in calcium in the two halves at half-molt and full-molt is22 (p〈0.01) and33 (p〈0.01) respectively, an indication that calcium is sequestered during The rapidity of remineralization is illustrated by the fact that the total mineral content doubles in the posterior part between half and full molt and in the anterior half between the end of molt and one day after ecdysis. Calcium carbonate in the calcite cystalline form was demonstrated by electron diffraction of thin sections of the integument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1972), S. 44-52 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: alprenolol ; serum drug level ; exercise ; man ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of alprenolol on heart rate and systolic blood pressure were studied in healthy subjects during standardized exercise on a bicycle ergometer. In one series of experiments, in which serum concentrations of alprenolol were also measured, the effects of single oral doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg of alprenolol and a placebo were compared by a double blind cross-over technique. In a second series of experiments 100 mg alprenolol was given four times in one day and the effect was followed for up to eighteen hours after the last dose. — Alprenolol diminished the expected increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure during exercise. The reduction of exercise tachycardia in a given individual was linearly related to the logarithm of the dose or the serum concentration of alprenolol. The serum concentrations required for a given reduction of exercise tachycardia varied almost one hundred-fold amongst the subjects studied. The biological availability of alprenolol was dose-dependent, probably due to a limited capacity biotransformation of the drug before it entered the general circulation. After a single dose the serum level of alprenolol and its chronotropic effect diminished at a rate corresponding to an elimination half life of about two hours. This rate of elimination was consistent with that calculated from the results of the four dose study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1973), S. 174-180 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressant ; nortriptyline ; metabolism ; urine ; pharmacokinetics ; twins ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The urinary excretion of nortriptyline (NT) and five of its metabolites was studied by quantitative gas chromatography in 22 twins and 7 unrelated healthy subjects after single (1 mg/kg) and multiple oral doses (0.4 mg/kg t.i.d.) of NT hydrochloride. A mean recovery of 62% of the dose was found after both single and multiple doses. The metabolite pattern in the urine was qualitatively and quantitatively identical in the two regimes, but there were marked variations in the pattern of metabolites between individuals. The disappearance rate of NT from the plasma was mainly determined by the metabolism of NT to 10-hydroxynortriptyline, which varied considerably between individuals. The data suggest that in certain rapid NT metabolizers, the upper limit for the overall clearance of NT from the plasma (if extrahepatic metabolism is assumed to be negligible) might be set by the blood flow through the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 6 (1973), S. 268-270 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diphenhydramine ; orphenadrine ; gas-liquid chromatography ; N-selective detector ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the assay of nanogram quantities of diphenhydramine and orphenadrine in human plasma. The procedure employs gas-liquid chromatography and a high sensitivity nitrogen detector. It has been used to assay diphenhydramine in plasma after oral administration of therapeutic doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 6 (1973), S. 234-238 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenobarbital ; neonate ; maternal-fetal exchange ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of phenobarbital were measured in 18 newborn infants for one to two weeks after birth. The drug had been administered prenatally to the mothers as part of treatment for maternal hypertension or toxaemia. The plasma half-life of the drug in the infants (77–404 h) was inversely correlated with the extent of prenatal exposure to it. In three infants a bi-phasic plasma curve was found as there was a sudden change from slow to fast disappearance on the 5th to 7th day of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 407-414 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diuretic ; indapamide ; human pharmacology ; toxicology ; pharmacokinetics ; TLC assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacology, toxicology and kinetics of a new diuretic indapamide, have been studied in six normal volunteers following a single oral dose of 40 mg. Pronounced diuresis was found, commencing three hours after ingestion, with a peak urinary flow at four to six hours, and continuing for a total of thirty-six hours. A fall in systolic standing blood pressure occurred twenty four hours after ingestion, coincident with the period of maximum dehydration. Free water clearance rose, accompanied by increased urinary losses of Na+, K+ and Cl− and alkalinisation of the urine comparable to the actions of benzothiadiazines. Total urinary losses of Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO 4 3− rose in spite of a fall in urinary concentrations of these ions. The Ca2+ effect compares with the acute ionic effects of other diuretics. No renal, hepatic or haematological toxic effect was demonstrated. The blood sugar level was not disturbed. Serum uric acid rose to abnormal levels although the change did not reach statistical significance. — A thin layer chromatographic method, with a sensitivity limit of 0.1 µg/ml., has been developed for the assay of indapamide in urine. The urinary excretion rates of the volunteers measured over forty-eight hours indicate that the drug is rapidly absorbed with a peak excretion, 2.9±1.3 µg/min occurring three hours after ingestion. The drug is eliminated bi-phasically with an initial short rapid elimination followed by a slower exponential decline with a mean elimination half-life of 10.3 ± 3.9 h. The mean urinary excretion of unchanged indapamide over forty-eight hours was 4.4±1.4% of the administered dose. — It is concluded that indapamide is an effective long-acting diuretic with comparable action to the benzothiadiazine diuretics, but without an effect on blood sugar level in single doses in normal subjects. In contrast with other diuretics, indapamide appears to be extensively metabolised in man, and its longer duration of action to be related to a longer elimination half-life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Oral antidiabetic drug ; butylbiguanide ; pharmacokinetics ; two-compartment open model ; plasma concentration ; liver concentration ; intestine concentration ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 50 mg14C-Butylbiguanide was administered intravenously to 4 diabetic patients and 100 mg14C-butylbiguanide orally to 5 further diabetics. The concentrations of the drug in plasma, intestinal fluid, intestinal epithelium and liver tissue were determined and the renal excretion of the biguanide measured. Irregularities in the plasma concentration curve were observed which appeared as systematic deviations from the ideal curve of a biexponential function. Because these deviations occurred only in the middle phase of the plasma concentration curve, it was nevertheless possible to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of butylbiguanide by use of a two-compartment open model. The principal pharmacokinetic parameters were determined according to this model after intravenous dosing and the following mean values were obtained:t 1/2 (β)=4.6 h (β=0.15 h−1),C P 0 =0.85µg/ml,V D =218 l,V T =157 l,V P =62 l,k 12=0.69 h−1,k 21=0.44 h−1,k el =0.54 h−1. Within 48 h after administration, an average of 72.4% of the intravenous and 74.4% of the oral dose had been excreted in the urine. Total clearance (Cl tot) averaged 536 ml/min and renal clearance (Cl ren) 393 ml/min. High concentrations of butylbiguanide were observed in the intestinal fluid (100–700 mg/ml) 20–40 min after oral administration. It was found that the drug accumulates in intestinal fluid, intestinal epithelium and liver tissue, and that it is secreted into the intestinal lumen. The concentrations of butylbiguanide in intestinal and liver tissue were 10–46 times higher than in plasma. The secretion of biguanide into the intestinal lumen may occur via the bile or the intestinal mucosa, but there is no evidence of significant biliary excretion of butylbiguanide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 295-305 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Mestranol ; ethynyloestradiol ; contraceptive compounds ; demethylation ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The oestrogenic activity of mestranol depends on its demethylation to ethynyloestradiol. The reaction has been studied in man. The compound disappeared exponentially from plasma during the first 4 h after i.v. injection of [4-14C-] mestranol. The “metabolic clearance” for this phase amounted to 31.8 1/day per kg body weight. Methoxy-3H-labelled mestranol was prepared for the further studies, because if it is demethylated, the tritium would be transferred to HTO, which would equilibrate immediately with body water. The appearance in body water of tritium from [methoxy-3H-] mestranol could be described by two exponential functions, which corresponded to bi-phasic disappearance of the original compound from plasma. The rate constant of the first stage was: γ1=0.835 h−1, and of the second: γ2=0.034 h−1. HTO radioactivity was eliminated from the body by exchange of water. From the data obtained, a three-compartment model was constructed of the transfer of tritium from [methoxy-3H-] mestranolinto body water, which permitted computer simulation of the partial processes. The compartmental analysis suggested that mestranol differed from ethynyloestradiol mainly in the delayed and protracted manner in which hormonally active oestrogen entered the circulation. The proportion of [methoxy-3H-] mestranol demethylated to ethynyloestradiol (demethylation ratio) varied little, 53.7±5.0% (x±SD; n=6), and was consistent with clinical observations that mestranol is half as potent an oestrogen as ethynyloestradiol. Thus, the dose of mestranol required to produce a given effect has to be twice as large as that of ethynyloestradiol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 6 (1973), S. 44-53 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nortriptyline ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma clearance ; gas chromatography — mass spectrometry ; pharmacogenetics ; twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five identical (monozygotic) and 6 fraternal (dizygotic) sets of healthy twins between 47 and 53 years of age were given a single oral dose of nortriptyline (NT) hydrochloride 1 mg/kg. The plasma half-life, the apparent volume of distribution, and the plasma clearance of NT were estimated for each subject as well as the urinary excretion rate of conjugated and unconjugated 10-hydroxynortriptyline (10-OH-NT). “Steady-state” plasma levels predicted from the reciprocal single dose plasma clearance rate of NT agreed well with those observed in a previous study of the same twins 2 years previously. In the present study, there was a 5-fold range of the plasma half-lives and 2-fold variation in the apparent volume of distribution of NT (assuming complete availability on oral administration). No correlation was found between the plasma half-life and the apparent volume of distribution. Analysis of variance showed that most of the variability between persons in plasma half-life, apparent volume of distribution and conjugation of 10-OH-NT was genetically determined. The plasma half-life and apparent volume of distribution may contribute independently to the total interindividual variability of the “steady-state” plasma level of NT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 4 (1971), S. 54-58 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; infusion ; plasma expander ; blood level fluctuation ; sulfonamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A hypothetical pharmacokinetic model is reported which describes the decreasing fluctuations in the blood levels of a sulfonamide during infusion of a plasma expander. Its concentration in the serum increases reciprocally with the amount of plasma expander infused. These procedures can be described by simple equations, and it is possible therefore, to calculate the dose required to maintain a constant blood level during the infusion.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über ein hypothetisch-pharmakokinetisches Modell berichtet, welches sich mit der absinkenden Serumkonzentration eines Sulfonamids nach Infusion eines Plasmaexpanders beschäftigt. Die Serumkonzentration fällt reziprok zur infundierten Menge des Plasmaexpanders ab. Die Vorgänge lassen sich durch einfache Gleichungssysteme beschreiben. Es gelingt daher, eine Zusatzdosis zu berechnen, welche den bei Infusionsbeginn bestehenden Plasmaspiegel annähernd konstant erhält.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1972), S. 58-61 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pralidoxime chloride ; pharmacokinetics ; anti-cholinesterase poisoning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A dose of 1.0 g (10.0–14.0 mg/kg body weight) of pralidoxime mixed with various cholinolytics was given by i.m. injection to 29 healthy male subjects. A concentration of pralidoxime in blood of 4 µg/ml was reached after 5 to 10 min with all the mixtures and was maintained for about 1 to 2 h. The calculated half lives of pralidoxime in three groups of subjects were 62.2, 60.0 and 61.8 min., respectively. — The urinary excretions of pralidoxime during the first 4 h after the injections averaged 75.0, 79.6 and 69.6 per cent, respectively, of the total amount given. — The results are compared with published information about similar oximes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 375-380 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tranexamic acid ; pharmacokinetics ; man ; antifibrinolytic agents ; renal clearance ; two-compartment model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid has been investigated in two healthy volunteers. The behaviour of the drug can be described in terms of a two compartment open model; the disposition (biological) half-life was 2.7 h and 1.9 h, respectively. In five normal volunteers the mean total recovery in urine 48 h after dosing was 94.8%. The renal clearance in the two subjects, adjusted to 1.73 m2 body surface area, was 135 and 132 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively, indicating that tranexamic acid is eliminated by glomerular filtration and that neither tubular excretion nor absorption takes place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 381-385 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenazone ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma half-life ; gas chromatographic analysis ; intra-individual variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intra-individual variability in the plasma half-life of phenazone has been studied in 16 healthy, young volunteers. Phenazone was analysed by a simple gas chromatographic method, which is specific in relation to known metabolites; 4′-methylphenazone was employed as the internal standard. Phenazone was given on two occasions, two or three months apart, in oral doses of 10 mg/kg. The plasma half-life determined from five time points was 10.9±1.5 h and 11.2±1.3 h respectively, on the two occasions. The mean intra-individual variability (0.86 h) was close to the methodological error of 4%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 25-29 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pindolol ; uraemia ; pharmacokinetics ; β-blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The elimination of pindolol in 25 patients with various degrees of renal failure has been studied after an intravenous dose of 3 mg. A linear correlation was not found between the elimination rate of pindolol and the endogenous creatinine clearance, and the half-life of the unchanged drug was independent of the severity of the renal failure. This implies greater metabolism of pindolol in anuric patients and the extrarenal elimination rate constantk mwas increased. Three patients with severe renal failure were given 3 mg14C-pindolol. They showed almost constant plasma levels of radio-activity for 6 h and then slow excretion with a half-life of 48 h, because of accumulation of metabolites in the blood. Up to 90% of the metabolites are glucuronides and sulphates which have no beta-blocking or other clinical activity. Thus, to produce beta-adrenergic blockade the same dose of indolol is required in healthy patients as in those with uraemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 59-60 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pizotifen ; isonicotinylhydrazine ; orexigen ; tuberculosis ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pizotifen (BC 105) has an orexigenic effect in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. As these cases are often treated with isonicotinylhydrazine (INH), any effect of one of these drugs on the absorption of the other has been examined in a cross-over study in 8 healthy male volunteers. No difference was found between the absorption of INH given alone or together with pizotifen. It should be safe, therefore, to employ the combination of the orexigenic drug and INH in the treatment of tuberculosis as there will be no change in the concentration of therapeutic drug achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 31-37 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diphenylhydantoin ; uraemia ; protein binding ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diphenylhydantoin (2 mg/kg) was infused intravenously in four uraemic patients and four healthy volunteers and its plasma concentration measured during and after the infusion. The plasma concentrations were considerably lower in the uraemic subjects and the apparent volume of distribution was higher. These observations could be explained by the lower plasma protein binding of diphenylhydantoin in the uraemics. The overall elimination rate constant β was greater (shorter half-life) in the uraemic patients. This difference could not be explained by reduced plasma protein binding, but it might be due to induction of diphenylhydantoin metabolism in the uraemic state. it is concluded that monitoring of the plasma levels of drugs in uraemic patients should be combined with determination of the extent to which the compounds are bound to plasma proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 4 (1972), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sulphamethoxazole ; trimethoprim ; pharmacokinetics ; uraemia ; sulphonamides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) have been investigated in four healthy volunteers, 15 patients with stable chronic renal failure and 3 patients on regular dialysis. The dosage schedule was 400 mg of SMZ and 80 mg of TMP orally every 12 h. The plasma concentrations and urinary excretion have been analysed in terms of a one compartment open model, allowing for elimination by renal excretion and metabolic processes. — At equilibrium the plasma concentrations of unchanged sulphonamide showed no significant correlation with the degree of renal impairment. The accumulation of TMP increased slightly without affecting the concentration ratio of both agents in plasma. In contrast, increasing accumulation of metabolized SMZ was demonstrated in the presence of renal insufficiency. Indirect evidence indicates that rising metabolite levels under these circumstances may lead to a displacement of unchanged sulphonamide from protein binding sites. — The cumulative urinary excretion amounted to 82.4% of the dose of sulphonamide administered, which probably corresponds to the fraction of the compound absorbed. The urinary concentration of biologically active SMZ was slightly below the plasma level, especially in advanced renal failure, but it remained above the minimum inhibitory concentrations reported in the literature. The concentration of TMP in urine was considerably higher than in plasma, it decreased with loss of renal function as did active SMZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 4 (1972), S. 191-195 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Amobarbital ; pentobarbital ; barbiturates ; gas chromatography ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic methods are described for the assay of amobarbital and pentobarbital in 500 µl samples of plasma, in concentrations down to 250 ng/ml. After ether extraction at pH 5.5, the barbiturates are reextracted into an alkaline solution of trimethylanilinium hydroxide and are determined quantitatively by gas chromatography as their dimethylated derivatives. The method has been used successfully in volunteers receiving therapeutic doses of these bariturates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 6 (1973), S. 181-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenothiazines ; thioridazine ; serum levels ; pharmacokinetics ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rate of absorption of thioridazine varied greatly in ten healthy volunteers who took 100 mg in the morning after an overnight fast. The peak level in blood was also variable and it was reached 1 1/4 to 4 h after dosing. Maximal concentrations in the blood varied widely from 0.13 µg/ml to 0.52 µg/ml. No relation was found between the weight or sex of the subjects and the pharmacokinetics of the drug. The serum half life of thioridazine in three healthy volunteers was 9, 10 and 10 h respectively. In a group of 22 patients receiving less than 5 mg/kg body weight a day, there was a strong correlation between the dose and the morning or evening concentration of thioridazine in the blood. A positive correlation was also observed between the age of the patient and the serum level in those who received doses of less than 5 mg/kg body weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Rifampicin ; plasma level ; pleural fluid concentration ; microbiological assay ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single oral doses of rifampicin (RMP) were given to 31 patients with pleural effusions of various aetiologies. The concentrations of RMP and its active metabolites in pleural fluid and plasma were determined by an agar diffusion method using paper discs as diffusion centres. The plasma concentrations reached a peak within 3 h and then declined monoexponentially; in pleural fluid, RMP concentration rose slowly to reach a plateau that lasted for several hours. There were marked differences between subjects in the observed concentrations of RMP. During the first 12 h the plasma levels exceeded those in pleural fluid, but after 24 h the concentration of RMP in pleural fluid was higher than in plasma. If multiple oral doses of RMP 10 mg/kg b. w. are given every 24 h, as is common in the treatment of tuberculosis, therapeutic concentrations may be expected in pleural fluid for the major part of each day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 6 (1973), S. 88-92 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Noradrenaline pools ; 7-3H-noradrenaline ; neuro-effector junction kinetics ; pharmacokinetics ; sympathoadrenergic activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A two-compartment model of 73HNA distribution has been developed for studying sympatho-adrenergic activity in intact man. After infusion of 73HNA at constant speed in resting normal subjects, the decay curves of the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of 73HNA were plotted against time. Analysis of the curves yielded constants and indirect indications about noradrenaline exchange processes in the extracellular environment. Complete evaluation of the neuronal pools and of the pathways of biosynthesis and metabolism was impossible, but it seemed likely that 73HNA entered small neuronal pools that underwent rapid exchange with the extracellular environment, a point of some interest in clinical and pharmacologic investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 6 (1973), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Urography ; Hypaque® ; Urovist® ; pharmacokinetics ; renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Comparative tests were carried out, using a radioactive tracer method, on the pharmacokinetics of sodium and methylglucamine diatrizoate. A biological model was simulated using an analogue computer; and the rate and elimination constants, the elimination half life, and the ratio of tissue entry to tissue elimination constants were calculated. Over the period of time required for X-ray diagnosis, the two salts of the contrast medium acid which were tested did not alter the pharmacokinetics of the contrast medium itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 6 (1973), S. 245-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Procaine amide ; N-acetylprocaine amide ; sustained-release ; pharmacokinetics ; ventricular arrhythmia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied during treatment with either a conventional or a new sustained-release preparation of procaine amide in order to compare fluctuations in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of the drug during “steady state” conditions. Procaine amide in plasma was measured by spectrofluorimetry and the urine concentration of it and its major metabolite, N-acetylprocaine amide, by gas chromatography. The average fluctuation of plasma concentrations was 3.5±0.1 µg/ml during treatment with sustained-release tablets (dosage interval 8 h) and 4.2±0.4 µg/ml during treatment with ordinary tablets (dosage interval 4 h), i. e. it was 20% greater during treatment with the conventional preparation. There was no difference between the two preparations in recovery of the drug from urine (sustained-release tablets 85.4±3.0%; and conventional tablets 90.3±5.4%). Thus, the new sustained-release preparation of procaine amide administered 3 times daily produced the same range of plasma levels as the identical dose of conventional tablets given 6 times a day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 6 (1973), S. 261-267 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Alclofenac ; antiphlogistic ; man ; pharmacokinetics ; dosage regimes ; plasma levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A one compartment open model has been found to fit plasma concentration data previously obtained in man after single oral doses of alclofenac; the parameters of the model are: $${\text{t}}_{\tfrac{{\text{1}}}{{\text{2}}}} $$ abs=1.3±0.7h, $${\text{t}}_{\tfrac{{\text{1}}}{{\text{2}}}} $$ el=3.5±1.2h, Vd/F=17±6. The model has been used successfully to predict steady-state plasma levels of alclofenac after multiple oral doses. One treatment schedule (initial dose 500 mg, maintenance dose 250 mg five times a day) was administered to two volunteers for five days and the plasma levels of alclofenac determined daily. The latter were in good agreement with computer predictions based on the model. It is now possible, therefore, to select the most suitable dosage regimes for this drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 17-24 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pindolol ; beta-blockade ; pharmacokinetics ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of absorption, distribution and excretion of pindolol have been investigated in 17 volunteers after an oral dose or intravenous infusion of 5 mg. The calculated absorption was 92%. The time course of the plasma levels appeared to follow first order kinetics with an apparent half life of 3.6 (oral) and 3.1 (i.v.) hours. The cumulative urinary excretion att=∞ was 36.1% and 39.2% of the dose administered, respectively, indicating extensive metabolism of the drug. The distribution volume was 136 l. Peak plasma levels were found 80 min after oral administration and they showed up to 4-fold variation after identical doses. Renal clearance was 216 ml×min−1 and total clearance was 483 ml×min−1. In plasma 57% of pindolol was bound to protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 119-124 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Anticonvulsants ; phenytoin ; diphenylhydantoin ; bioavailability ; generic inequivalence ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma levels of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH) in epileptic patients were significantly higher after treatment with either of two preparations containing the sodium salt of DPH, than after treatment with the same dose of the free acid. This was confirmed in both short and long term studies, and in the latter increased plasma levels of DPH were accompanied by better control of generalized seizures. The degree of acute side-effects in 6 out of 10 patients whose treatment was changed from DPH-acid to DPH-sodium was proportional to the plasma level of DPH; the latter varied from 22.8 to 34.9 µg/ml in affected patients. After a single oral dose in healthy volunteers, the sodium salt of DPH showed much better bioavailability than the free acid. The differences in bioavailability in patients and volunteers probably depended on differences in particle size in the preparations of the sodium salt of DPH and its free acid. The excipient, lactose or starch, did not seem to affect the bioavailability of the two formulations of sodium-DPH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 217-225 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Rifampicin ; p-aminosalicylic acid ; drug interaction ; isoniazid ; pharmacokinetics ; antituberculous therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single oral doses of rifampicin (10 mg/kg body weight), p-aminosalicylic acid (0.2 g/kg), isoniazid (10 mg/kg), or rifampicin and either p-aminosalicylic acid or isoniazid, were given to 69 tuberculous patients with normal renal and hepatic function. Ten-fold interindividual differences were observed in the peak serum concentrations and half-lives of rifampicin; its half-life was reduced from 4.3 h after the first dose to 3.1 h after the third dose, possibly due to self-induction of its own metabolism. No effect on its serum concentration or half-life, nor on those of isoniazid, were found after simultaneous oral administration of the two drugs. After treatment with rifampicin and p-aminosalicylic acid, the peak serum level of the former was delayed from 2 to 4 h, it was reduced from 8.0 to 3.8 µg/ml, and the mean area under the serum concentration curve throughout the entire 8 h study period was also lowered by about half. Individual patients did not attain therapeutically effective peak serum concentrations of rifampicin if also treated withp-aminosalicylic acid. The interaction observed between the two drugs is probably due to impaired gastrointestinal absorption of rifampicin, either by alteration of its physico-chemical properties or by a decrease in the gastric emptying rate combined with more rapid intestinal transit. The combination of these two drugs is unsuitable for the routine chemotherapy of tuberculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 249-252 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Practolol ; renal failure ; uraemia ; beta-blockade ; pharmacokinetics ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of renal failure on the excretion of oral doses of practolol has been studied. The plasma half-life increased up to 6.6 times normal and the cumulative urinary excretion of the drug was reduced. There was a linear correlation between the overall elimination rate constant of practolol and inulin and creatinine clearances. A linear correlation was also found between the renal clearances of practolol and inulin. The dose of practolol required for maintenance therapy should be reduced in patients with impaired renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 3 (1970), S. 3-11 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; drug dependence ; pharmacokinetics ; amphetamine psychosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighteen subjects with amphetamine psychosis were studied with respect to fluid balance, intensity and duration of psychotic symptoms, urinary and plasma amphetamine levels and the relative amounts of unchanged drug and metabolites in urine. On admission to hospital about half of the psychotic patients were dehydrated, the water lack being up to 6.7% of total body weight. The dehydrated subjects had lower renal clearances of amphetamine because of lower rates of urine production. As noted previously there was a strongly positive correlation between urinary pH and the half life (T 1/2) of plasma amphetamine, with an increase inT 1/2 of about 7 h for every unit increase in urinary pH. Patients with alkaline urine had intense psychoses lasting for about 4 1/2 days after the last dose of amphetamine. In patiens with acid urine, the psychotic symptoms were milder, and of about 2 days duration. No correlation was found between the degree of psychosis in different subjects and the plasma levels of the drug. — The ratio between the amounts of labelled metabolites and unchanged drug excreted in urine rose for each day after administration of3H-amphetamine, implying a slower excretion rate for the metabolites than for the parent drug. The relative proportion of metabolites was higher in patients with an alkaline urine, being more than 90% after the first day. — When amphetamine (200 mg i.v.) was given to nonpsychotic, dependent subjects, the peak plasma levels (mean 423 ng/ml) exceeded the highest levels observed during the first day in psychotic patients. However, no psychotic symptoms were observed in these subjects. The volumes of distribution calculated from the monoexponential elimination curves were higher than those previously reported in nondependent subjects. — With an alkaline urine a group of nonpsychotic amphetamine-dependent subjects had significantly longer plasmaT 1/2 (p〈0.05) than a group of drug-naive control subjects. The results suggest that increased tissue binding may be a component in tolerance to amphetamine in dependent humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 4 (1971), S. 32-37 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Glibenclamide ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; potentiation of hypoglycemic action ; phenylbutazone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Metabolically healthy subjects were given an intravenous injection of 1,13 mg14C-labelled glibenclamide (HB 419). The plasma level, renal elimination of the radioactivity and metabolism of the substance were investigated. Two minutes after administration the HB 419 is virtually present only in the blood and at the end of the distribution period mostly in the extracellular space. 53% of the radioactivity is excreted via the kidneys in the form of metabolites. If glibenclamide is administrated in the same way to the same subjects after pretreatment with phenylbutazone there are no differences in the course of the plasma levels or the rate of elimination from the blood. There is, however, a significant difference in the excretion of the radioactivity in the urine. In the presence of phenylbutazone significantly less HB 419 metabolite is excreted renally. In view of the known alternative route of elimination it is suggested that the amount not excreted in the urine is in compensation eliminated via the bile. There was no difference in the metabolism of glibenclamide between the control and phenylbutazone treated groups. The potentiation by phenylbutazone of HB 419 action, and probably also that of other antidiabetic sulphonylureas, must therefore be due predominantly to other causes (Communication III).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Stoffwechselgesunde Versuchspersonen erhielten14C-markiertes Glibenclamid in einer Dosis von 1.13 mg/Vpn i.v. gespritzt. Plasmaspiegelverläufe, renale Elimination der Radioaktivität und die Metabolisierung der Substanz wurden untersucht. Zwei Minuten nach der Applikation ist HB 419 praktisch nur im Blutund nach Abschluß der Verteilung weitgehend im Extracellulärraum vorhanden. 53% der Radioaktivität werden über die Nieren in Form von Metaboliten ausgeschieden. Wird den gleichen Probanden nach Prämedikation mit Phenylbutazon Glibenclamid in gleicher Weise verabfolgt, ergibt sich kein Unterschied hinsichtlich der Plasmaspiegelverläufe und der Eliminationsgeschwindigkeit aus dem Blut. Ein signifikanter Unterschied besteht jedoch in der Ausscheidung der Radioaktivität in den Harn (26.3%). In Gegenwart von Phenylbutazon wird ein signifikant geringerer Anteil von HB 419-Metaboliten renal eliminiert. Aufgrund des bekannten zweiten Ausscheidungsweges wird vermutet, daß der fehlende Anteil kompensatorisch über die Galle eliminiert wird. Die Metabolisierung von Glibenclamid weist keine Differenzen zwischen Phenylbutazon-und Kontroll-Gruppe auf. Die Wirkungspotenzierung von HB 419 — wahrscheinlich auch diejenige anderer antidiabetisch wirksamer Sulfonylharnstoffe — durch Phenylbutazon dürfte demnach überweigend andere Ursachen haben. (Mitteilung III).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 3 (1970), S. 36-42 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sulphonamides ; sylfametopyrazine ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of sulfametopyrazine were studied for seven days after a single oral dose of 2 g. in healthy volunteers in order to establish its chemotherapeutic value. — The appearance and disappearance of the drug in the plasma were evaluated both for compounds with a free amino group and for total sulphonamides. The half-life and absorption, distribution, elimination and excretion coefficients were calculated, as well as the concentrations in plasma water and interstitial fluid. The estimated drug concentrations in the urine agreed with those calculated from the excretion coefficients. — In all subjects at the end of the seventh day the concentrations in all body compartments of active compounds exceeded the minimum required for a therapeutic effect. The highest concentrations found in the urine were always significantly lower than the drug's basal solubility at pH 5, thus excluding any risk of crystalluria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 3 (1971), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Biguanides ; butylbiguanide ; pharmacokinetics ; sustained release form
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In man, after oral administration of 50 mg14C-butylbiguanide, the maximum serum concentration was 26–41 µg/100 ml. The biguanide was eliminated with an average half-life of 2h. 84% of the dose administered was found excreted unchanged in the urine. — After administration of14C-butylbiguanide in a sustained release form (Silubin® retard), the drug was slowly released and its serum concentration remained almost constant for up to 7 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 4 (1972), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fentanyl ; pharmacokinetics ; neuroleptanalgesia ; analogue computer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels and urinary excretion of3H-fentanyl were studied in 5 human subjects after intravenous injection of this drug. After an initial rapid decline, the plasma level of fentanyl decreased slowly and approximately exponentially. The plasma concentration of metabolites remained almost steady from 1–3 h after injection. More than 60% of the administered radioactivity was excreted through the kidneys within 4 days. Only a small proportion of it was unchanged fentanyl. The rates of fall of plasma concentration and of urinary excretion were slower in man than in rabbits. — The time courses of plasma concentrations and of urinary excretion were simulated on an analogue computer. The results support the assumption that the different time courses of concentrations in man and rabbits are caused by slower metabolism in man. It seems likely that redistribution plays a dominant part in the short duration of action of fentanyl in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 4 (1972), S. 150-157 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; pharmacokinetics ; microbiological assay ; drug control ; neonatal septicaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The various steps of a paper disc micromethod for quantitative determination of plasma concentrations of antibiotics is described. Only 10 µl of plasma is needed for a single determination, allowing easy and repeated capillary sampling. Separate assay was attempted of three antibiotics in a mixture (streptomycin, cloxacillin and ampicillin), both by use of selective inhibitors (semicarbazide, penicillinase) in the culture medium and by choosing suitable strains of bacteria. In this way, it was possible to determine streptomycin and cloxacillin separately when all three antibiotics were present simultaneously in the plasma. The assay of ampicillin, however, was always influenced by the presence of even small concentrations of cloxacillin. The 95% confidence intervals of the standard curves for the three antibiotics are presented. — The method is suitable both for pharmacokinetic studies and for routine clinical control of plasma antibiotic levels, even in premature children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 377-441 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visual system ; Insects diptera ; Lamina ganglionaris ; Optic cartridges ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of optic cartridges in the frontal part of the lamina ganglionaris (the outermost synaptic region of the visual system of insects) has been analysed from selective and reduced silver stained preparations. The results, obtained from studies on five different species of Diptera, confirm that six retinula cells, together situated in a single ommatidium, project to six optic cartridges in a manner no different from that described by Braitenberg (1967) from Musca domestica. Each optic cartridge contains five first order interneurons (monopolar cells) which project together to a single column in the second synaptic region, the medulla. The dendritic arrangement of two of these neurons (L1 and L2) indicates that they must make contact with all six retinula cell terminals of a cartridge (R1–R6). Two others (L3 and L5) have processes that reach to only some of the retinula cell endings. A fifth form of monopolar cell (L4) sometimes has an arrangement of processes which could establish contact with all six retinula cells: other cells of the same type may contact only a proportion of them. This neuron (L4) also has an arrangement of collaterals such as to allow lateral interaction between neigbouring optic cartridges. The processes of the other four monopolar cells (L1, L2, L3 and L5) are usually contained within a single cartridge. In addition to these elements there is a pair of receptor prolongations (the long visual fibres, R7 and R8) that bypasses all other elements of a cartridge, including the receptor terminals R1–R6, and finally terminates in the medulla. Four types of neurons, which are derived from perikarya lying just beneath or just above the second synaptic region, send fibres across the first optic chiasma to the lamina. Like all the other interneuronal elements of cartridges the terminals of these so-called “centrifugal” cells have characteristic topographical relationships with the cyclic arrangement of retinula cell terminals. Apart from the above mentioned neurons there is also a system of tangential fibres whose processes invade single cartridges but which together could provide a substrate for relaying information to the medulla derived from aggregates of cartridges. Optic cartridges contain at least 15 neural elements other than retinula cells. This complex structure is discussed with respect to the receptor physiology, as it is known from electrophysiological and behavioural experiments. The arrangements of neurons in cartridges is tentatively interpreted as a means of providing at least 6 separate channels of information to the medulla, four of which may serve special functions such as relaying color coded information or information about the angle of polarised light at high light intensities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vital staining ; Fibroblasts ; Autophagic vacuoles ; Influence of fixatives ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fibroblastenkulturen wurden mit Mepacrin (Atebrin®), Neutralrot und Toluidinblau unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen vitalgefärbt. Die Farbstoffe induzieren die Bildung autophagischer Vakuolen (Autolysosomen) im Cytoplasma. Die Eignung von sieben verschiedenen Fixantien zur Erhaltung dieser im lichtmikroskopischen Sinn neugebildeten Strukturen wurde untersucht. Kriterien der jeweiligen Fixationsleistung waren einmal die Erhaltung der autophagischen Vakuolen an sich, zum anderen die Erhaltung ihrer farbstoffabhängigen, morphologischen Individualität. Als wenig leistungsfähig haben sich erwiesen die Lösungen nach Carnoy und Bouin sowie Formol. Glutaraldehyd bewahrt die Lysosomenstruktur befriedigend, jedoch nicht ausreichend stabil für weitere, etwa histochemische, Eingriffe. Kaliumbichromat gewährleistet bessere Stabilität, jedoch nur geringe Lebensähnlichkeit der Autolysosomen. OsO4 und NaMnO4 sind den anderen Fixantien hinsichtlich der Erfüllung beider Kriterien deutlich überlegen. Die Befunde werden mit dem lipidstabilisierenden Effekt, den beide Metalloxydverbindungen an den phospholipidreichen Autolysosomen ausüben, in Zusammenhang gebracht. Unterschiede in der Wirkung ließen sich nach Anwendung von OsO4 und NaMnO4 an den AV nachweisen: Mepacrin-AV werden durch OsO4 etwas lebensähnlicher erhalten als durch NaMnO4. Die Neutralrot-AV und Toluidinblau-AV mit deutlicher vakuolärer Struktur werden nur durch Permanganat im Zusammenhang erhalten, mit deutlicher Abgrenzung der Toluidinblau-induzierten von den Neutralrot-induzierten Autolysosomen. Nach Osmium- und Permanganatfixation zeigen die Zellkulturen starke Affinität zu Methylenblau, nicht Eosin. Nur die OsO4-fixierten Autolysosomen halten gegenüber Alkoholeinwirkung ihre Anfärbung im wesentlichen bei. Die Befunde werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Fibroblasts grown in monolayer were subjected to vital staining by mepacrine (Atebrine®), neutral red and toludine blue under comparable conditions. These dyes induce the formation of autophagic vacuoles (autolysosomes) in the cytoplasm. The preservation of these structures, which are considered to be newly formed in the dimension of the light microscope, by seven different fixatives has been examined. The criteria employed to assess the performance of each fixative consisted of 1. the preservation of the autophagic vacuoles per se and 2. their dye-dependent morphological characteristics. Fixation by Carnoy's or Bouin's solution as well as by formaline gave poor results. Glutaraldehyde preserved lysosomal structure satisfactorily, but not adequately for further application of histochemical methods. Potassium dichromate has a stabilizing effect on autophagic vacuoles, however, structures are not equivalent to those observed in living cells. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) and sodium permanganate (NaMnO4) are superior to the other fixatives with regard to the afore mentioned criteria. These observations are explained by the wellknown lipid-stabilizing effect which both metal oxides are expected to exert on autolysosomes with their high content of phospholipids. After fixation with OsO4 and NaMnO4 diverging effects on autophagic vacuoles could be ascertained. Mepacrine-induced autophagic vacuoles are preserved somewhat more accurately by OsO4 than by NaMnO4. Autolysosomes induced by neutral red and toluidine blue display a more vacuolated appearance and are preserved as a whole only by permanganate. Distinct differences exist between autophagic vacuoles induced by toluidine blue and those induced by neutral red. After fixation by OsO4 and NaMnO4 cells from culture display a strong affinity to methylene blue, but not to eosin. The staining of autolysosomes by methylene blue is resistant to ethanol after fixation in OsO4 only. The results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 378-388 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arteries ; Children ; Structure ; Pattern of calcification ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gross calcifications of the common iliac and internal iliac arteries represent a common finding in newborn children and infants. In both arteries, the calcific deposits regularly appear in certain areas of the arterial luminal surface only, whereas the other parts of the arterial wall remain free of gross lesions even in cases with a pronounced calcification. In the common iliac artery, the lateral wall of the vessel and the adjacent sectors of the anterior and posterior wall represent the predilection site of calcific deposits. In the internal iliac artery, the gross calcifications have been regularly demonstrated in the dorso-medial wall. The predominant localisation of the calcification in these parts of the vessels and its absence in the others depend on the definite structural features of the arterial tube and different affinity for calcium of the individual structural elements. In both iliac arteries, only the primary internal elastic membrane undergoes early calcification. However, unlike the most muscular arteries, this membrane is not developed in the whole arterial circumference of the common iliac and internal iliac arteries, but is absent in large areas of their arterial luminal layer. In these areas, the subendothelial or subintimal elastic layers are formed by the networks of longitudinally arranged elastic fibers or membraneous elastic structures which arise from the elastic networks with the further growth. These elastic elements always stay free of calcific deposits. The structural features found in both iliac arteries may be important for the development of the later pathological changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 533-547 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epiphysis ; Circumventricular structures of the epithalamus ; Elephant ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die dorsale Wand des Epithalamus des Elefanten enthält zwei Aussackungen, den langen Recessus suprapinealis (RS), der mit Plexus chorioideus gefüllt ist, und den kurzen breiten Recessus pinealis (RP). Die dickeren Wandpartien beider Recessus bestehen überwiegend aus Pinealgewebe mit Pinealocyten. Das Ependym des Epithalamus bildet an fünf Orten circumventrikuläre Strukturen (CS); drei dieser CS gehören zum Subcommissuralorgan. Das Ependym mit der höchsten Aktivität liegt auf der unteren Lippe und in den spitzen lateralen Hörnern des RP. Dieses Epithel trägt Kinocilien und besitzt Zellprotrusionen; es ist mäßig gomoripositiv. Über die Verteilung der verschiedenen Kennzeichen der CS-Strukturen gibt eine Tabelle Auskunft. In der lateralen Wand des Epithalamus unter der Commissura habenularis liegen die Verrucae epithalami, die unterschiedlich tiefe ependymbedeckte Spalten besitzen. Die mögliche funktionelle Bedeutung dieser Strukturen wird kurz erörtert.
    Notes: Summary The dorsal wall of the epithalamus of the elephant has two evaginations: the long recessus suprapinealis (RS) filled with plexus chorioideus and the short and wide recessus pinealis (RP). The thick part of the wall of both recessus consists mainly of pineal tissue with pinealocytes. The ependyma of the epithalamic region has about 5 loci with circumventricular formations (CS), three of them belonging to the subcommissural organ. The ependyma with equivalents of high activity is situated in the lower lip and in the lateral tapering corners of the RP. This epithelium bears kinocilia and shows protrusions of the cells extending into the ventricle, it is fairly gomoripositive. Details concerning the structural differences in the various loci of CS are described. There are some verrucae epithalami in the lateral wall of the epithalamus below the commissura habenularis having more or less deep clefts covered with ependyma. The possible functions of these structures are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 415-438 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain stem ; Human ; Dorsal glossopharyngeus vagus-complex ; Lipofuscin ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe einer neu entwickelten Methode zur Darstellung von Neurolipofuscinen wird das Pigmentbild des dorsalen Glossopharyngeus- und Vagusgebietes beschrieben. Da außer wenigen elastischen Fasern nur die Lipofuscingranula, welche in Nervenzellen gespeichert sind, angefärbt werden, können Schnitte bis zu einer Dicke von 800 μ verwendet werden. Sie lassen bei stereomikroskopischer Betrachtung die Grenzen von Kerngebieten meist deutlich erkennen, da durch die Übereinanderprojektion zahlreicher Neurone auch geringe Unterschiede in der Dichte der Zellen, sowie in der Art und dem Ausmaß ihrer Pigmentierung hervortreten. Das dorsale Glossopharyngeus- und Vagusgebiet wird in elf Kerne unterteilt. Seinen caudalen Pol bilden der Nucleus terminalis caudalis alae cinereae, der Nucleus commissuralis und parvocellularis. Im mittleren Bereich liegen zahlreiche Kerne von kennzeichnender Gestalt nahe beieinander. Der Nucleus pigmentosus nervi vagi hüllt das Gesamtgebiet ein und füllt die Räume zwischen den Kernen aus. Der Nucleus alaris nervi vagi durchzieht als breite Zellplatte den ganzen mittleren Teil. Seine großen Neurone speichern Lipofuscinkörnchen nicht nur in den Perikaryen sondern auch in Form langer Pigmentspindeln in den Dendriten. Im kleinzelligen Gebiet lateral vom alaren Kern werden ein Nucleus terminalis intermedius alae cinereae, der Kern der Area postrema, ein Nucleus tractus solitarii, ein Nucleus gelatinosus, sowie ein oraler Terminalkern der Ala cinerea voneinander unterschieden. In allen Terminalkernen findet sich reichlich Dendritenpigment neben den kräftig gefärbten Lipofuscinkegeln in den Zelleibern. An der Grenze zum oralen Abschnitt des Gesamtgebietes vermindert sich die Dichte der Pigmentierung. Hier liegt in der Fortsetzung des alaren Vaguskernes der Nucleus salivatorius inferior. Eine so weitgehende Untergliederung des Glossopharyngeus- und Vagusgebietes steht in Widerspruch zu den Darstellungen zahlreicher Autoren. Vor allem im kleinzelligen Bereich, der meist als ein einheitliches Areal aufgefaßt wird, können mit Hilfe der Pigmentarchitektonik die drei Terminalkerne der Ala cinerea eindeutig vom eigentlichen Kern des Solitärbündels und vom Nucleus gelatinosus unterschieden werden. Außerdem stellt sich heraus, daß die Gesamtheit der melaninhaltigen Neurone im Vagusgebiet, zusammen mit einem weiteren großen Zelltyp, der reichlich mit Lipofuscin beladen ist, ein eigenes kompliziert geformtes Kerngebiet bilden, das sicher von den übrigen Kernen, auch von dem gleichfalls großzelligen Nucleus alaris abgetrennt werden kann.
    Notes: Summary By means of a newly developed method for the demonstration of neurolipofuscines the distribution of pigments in the dorsal glossopharyngeus-vagus-complex is described. Since apart from few elastic fibers only the lipofuscin granules which are stored in neurons are stained, sections up to 800 μ can be investigated. Under the stereomicroscope they show in general clearly the borders of nuclei, since because of the superposition of numerous neurons also slight differences in respect of the density of the cells and type and extent of their pigmentation show up clearly. The dorsal glossopharyngeus-vagus-complex of the human is subdivided into eleven nuclei. Its caudal pole is formed by the nucleus terminalis caudalis alae cinereae, the nucleus commissuralis and parvocellularis. In the middle portion several nuclei of characteristic shape lie closely together. The nucleus pigmentosus nervi vagi envelopes the whole complex and fills the spaces between the nuclei. The nucleus alaris nervi vagi forms a broad plate of cells extending over the whole length of the middle portion. Its large neurons do not only store the lipofuscin granules in their perikarya but also in form of elongated pigment spindles in the dendrites. In the parvicellular parts lateral of the nucleus alaris a nucleus terminalis intermedius alae cinereae, a nucleus of the area postrema, a nucleus tractus solitarii, a nucleus gelatinosus, and a nucleus terminalis oralis alae cinereae are to be distinguished. In all terminal nuclei abundant pigment spindles of the dendrites occur beside the heavily stained lipofuscin pyramids in the perikarya. At the border of the oral part of the complex the density of pigmentation decreases. Here, in continuity of the nucleus alaris, the nucleus salivatorius inferior is situated. Such an extensive subdivision of the glossopharyngeus — vagus-complex of the human is in contrast to the description of numerous authors. Especially in the parvicellular part, which generally is described as a uniform area, by means of pigment architecture unequivocally the three terminal nuclei of the ala cinerea can be distinguished from the nucleus tractus solitarii proper and the nucleus gelatinosus. In addition it becomes apparent by the pigment architecture that the whole population of melanin containing neurons in the vagus-complex, together with a further large cell type, which stores vast amounts of lipofuscin granules, forms a distinctive nucleus which can be separated with certainty from the other nuclei, as well as the equally magnocellular nucleus alaris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 179-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retino-preoptic pathway ; Optic tracts ; Rana temporaria ; Light microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The optic tracts and centres of optic terminals of Rana temporaria have been investigated with silver impregnation techniques after unilaterally cutting the optic nerve and autoradiographically after injection of a mixture of tritiated amino acids into the vitreous body of the left eye. The observations on the course of the optic tracts and on the optic terminals in the thalamus and optic tectum are to a great extent in agreement with those of other authors. The probability of a retino-preoptic pathway is supported by the detection of fibres running in dorsal direction in front of the place where the optic nerve penetrates the brain. In horizontal sections these fibres can be seen deviating from the optic tract, covering a short distance in frontal direction and then turning upward under an angle of about 90 degrees. They disappear between the ventral aldehyde-fuchsin positive cells of the preoptic nucleus. The ventral and median parts of the ipsilateral preoptic nucleus contain fragments of degenerated fibres. Autoradiographic data are also in favour of the presence of an ipsilateral retino-preoptic tract. After carefully counting the number of grains over left and right preoptic nucleus, it appeared that over the ventral and median parts of the left preoptic nucleus more grains occur than over the identical areas of the right one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 473-485 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Rabbit ; Architecture ; Autonomic innervation ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light microscopic investigation of the rabbit pineal gland with the aid of silver-stained sections gave the following results. In the gland a medulla and a cortex can be distinguished, the medulla containing so-called light and dark pinealocytes, the cortex only light ones. Autonomic nerve fibres reach the pineal organ by two routes: (1) via the perivascular spaces of pineal blood vessels and (2) via two distinct nerve bundles, the nervi conarii. Bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy revealed that these pinealo-petal nerve fibres are mainly orthosympathetic postganglionic. Intramural pineal neurones with synaptic-like structures on their cell bodies and dendrites point to the presence of a parasympathetic innervation next to the orthosympathetic one. Direct afferent or efferent neural connections with the brain appeared to be absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Rat ; Gonadotrophic cells ; Cycle, influence of testosterone ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 4-day cyclic adult female Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate on diestrus 1 at 16:00 and on diestrus 2 at 10:00 respectively. Non-injected females served as controls. Autopsy was performed on diestrus 2 at 23:00, and on proestrus at 14:00 and 17:00 respectively. The blue Alcian-PAS staining was used to evidence FSH (β) and LH (γ) pituitary cells. In control animals and in diestrus 2 injected females only a small number of FSH cells could be detected on diestrus 2 at 23:00. This number increased markedly on proestrus at 14:00 and decreased on proestrus at 17:00. A similar evolution was observed in diestrus 1 testosterone injected females, but the number of FSH cells appeared higher at any stage of autopsy in these females than in diestrus 2 injected females and in control rats. In control females, numerous LH cells were observed on diestrus 2 at 23:00. The number of these cells was diminished on proestrus at 14:00 and still more at 17:00. On the contrary few LH cells were detected in testosterone injected females on the evening of diestrus 2. An increase of these cells occurred on proestrus at 14:00, followed at 17:00 by only a weak diminution as established by comparison with control animals. An inhibition of FSH release and a suppression of the proestrus surge of LH were therefore supposed to cause, on one hand, the slowing up of follicular growth observed in diestrus 1 injected females and, on the other hand, the blockage of ovulation noted in both diestrus 1 and diestrus 2 treated animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hippocampal region (rat) ; Distribution of dehydrogenases ; Postnatal development ; Histochemistry ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Succinate-, α-glycerophosphate-, NADH-, and NADPH dehydrogenases (tetrazolium reductases) were studied histochemically in brain sections. The distribution of these enzymes in the hippocampal region was mapped in different postnatal stages. In addition to the hippocampus and the dentate area which have also been dealt with by other authors, the description includes the entorhinal area, parasubiculum, presubiculum, and subiculum. In all the areas of the hippocampal region the enzyme activity is first localized mainly in cell bodies. Activity in the neuropil shows a tendency to increase with age throughout the stages studied. Examples of particularly early or late differentiation of the histochemical pattern exist. Thus already after 4–6 days the differentiated staining pattern in the hippocampal layers as seen in the adult, begins to appear. In the entorhinal area the early enzyme distribution agrees with that in the adult and facilitates identification of its layers. After 22 days the fundamental enzyme chemoarchitectonics of the adult rat brain has been obtained. Histochemical characteristics of the different areas, support the view that the hippocampal region constitutes an entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 375-400 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hippocampal region (rat) ; AChE distribution ; Postnatal development ; Histochemistry ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the hippocampal region was studied histochemically in different postnatal stages. Enzyme changes are described for the hippocampus proper, the dentate area, the entorhinal area, parasubiculum, area retrosplenialis e, presubiculum, and subiculum. In 1 day old animals there are only traces of AChE in solitary perikarya of the hippocampal stratum radiatum, while there is no activity in the neuropil. This is in contrast to other regions of the brain, e.g. the corpus striatum and the medial septum. Enzyme activity in the neuropil, although very weak, is seen clearly on the 2nd day. While the enzyme reaction in some cell soma seems to be permanent and also present in adult rats, other cell bodies, e.g. in the entorhinal area lose AChE activity during the last part of the 2nd week and in the 3rd week. Similar observations have been made on other parts of the central nervous system. The main features of chemodifferentiation in the hippocampal region seem to be completed by the end of the third week, although most layers and areas have not yet achieved the same high staining intensity as seen in the adult rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 131-146 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epidermis (mouse) ; Pattern of organization ; Proliferation kinetics ; Three-dimensional analysis ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wird eine Methode zur Herstellung, Montierung und Färbung von epidermalen Häutchenpräparaten zur dreidimensionalen Analyse des Epidermis-Aufbaues beschrieben. Eine Kombination mit der Histoautoradiographie ist bedingt möglich. Damit ist eine Basis für weitere Untersuchungen mit neuer Fragestellung geschaffen. 2. Die untersuchten Objekte Mäuseohr und Rückenhaut zeigen eine bisher unbekannte, auffallende Musterbildung mit Zuordnung bestimmter interfollikulärer basaler Gruppen zu Zellen des Stratum spinosum und des Stratum corneum. Es handelt sich um rosettenähnliche Gebilde aus mehreren peripheren Basalzellen und meist einer zentralen Spinosumzelle. 3. Die Bedeutung der Befunde für die normale wie für die pathologische Regeneration und Neoplasie der Epidermis ist offen. Es werden Beziehungen zum Regenerationsmodus und damit zur Proliferationskinetik der Epidermis diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang sind die Untersuchungen auch für die Humanpathologie relevant.
    Notes: Summary 1. A method for the preparation, mounting, and staining of thin preparations of mouse epidermis is described, which allows a three-dimensional analysis of epidermal structure. A limited combination of this technique with histo-autoradiography is possible, thereby presenting a broader basis for further investigations. 2. Both ear and back skin show a striking, previously unrecognized pattern of organization, in which definite interfollicular basal cell groups are oriented towards cells of the stratum spinosum and stratum corneum. A rosettelike picture of many peripheral basal cells and, in most instances, a central spinosum cell is found. 3. The significance of our findings for normal and pathological regenerations as well as neoplasia of the epidermis remains open. We discuss relationships to the mode of regeneration and thus the kinetics of proliferation in the epidermis. Our investigations are also relevant for human pathology in this regard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 347-358 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary, catfish ; Cell-types ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven distinct types of secretory cell can be differentiated in the pituitary gland of the fresh-water catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The presumptive prolactin cells appeared completely degranulated. Corticotrophs and thyrotrophs were identified by their response to metopirone and β methasol or to thiourea and thyroxine respectively. A single gonadotrophic cell type was identified, which showed a progressive increase in nuclear size, cell size and cytoplasmic granulation related to vitellogenesis in the ovary. Presumptive somatotrophs did not react to any of the experimental treatments used. In the pars intermedia, one of the two cell types — the PbH+ cells — showed an increase in activity in response to metopirone, thyroxine and reserpine; the PAS+ cells in this region remained relatively inactive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 573-583 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gills ; Tilapia mossambica ; Blood vessels ; Arteriovenous anastomoses ; Light microscopy ; Quantitative evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The non-respiratory vascular system of T. mossambica gill filaments was studied in serial longitudinal and cross sections. Comparatively few scattered vascular communications occur between the afferent filament artery and the central venous sinus (AVAaff). The efferent filament artery, however, is connected by regularly arranged anastomoses (AVAeff), directly, and sometimes indirectly via nutritive vessels, to the central sinus. These AVAeff are about as numerous as lamellae counted on one side of each filament, although they diminish slightly in number towards the filament base. The relation AVAeff to AVAaff was 17.6:1 in the distal and 17.8:1 in the basal filamental region, while in the tip region of 7 filaments 126 AVAeff but only 1 AVAaff were encountered. No direct connection between the lamellar lacunae and the central sinus was detected. According to these results, non-respiratory intrafilamental blood shunting appears unlikely. AVAeff are assumed to be the main route for blood entering the central venous sinus which would consequently flow into the branchial veins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Entorhinal area ; Guinea pig ; Subdivision ; Distribution of heavy metal ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The boundary line dividing the entorhinal area into a pars medialis and a pars lateralis has been determined in adult guinea pig by comparison of graphic maps of the distribution of heavy metals and of the terminal field of a presubiculum → entorhinal area projection. The virtual coincidence of the histochemically and hodologically based subdivisions strongly supports the assumption that the obtained boundary line represents the true location of a functional limit between the two entorhinal parts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 219-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell death ; Central nervous system ; Embryogenesis of Calliphora (Insecta) ; Vital staining ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the late embryonic period, cell death occurs in the central nervous system of Calliphora erythrocephala. The degenerating cells are small and rounded, contain a pyknotic nucleus, and selectively accumulate basic vital dyes such as nile blue sulphate and acridine orange. The number of degenerating cells is highest 13–15 hours after oviposition and decreases during the shortening of the ventral nerve cord. Nevertheless, these degenerating cells do not represent a morphogenetic phenomenon, since their number is too small to account for the 55% decrease in the length of the ventral nerve cord. In all probability the pyknoses seen in the central nervous system of this holometabolic insect are to be interpreted as phylogenetic degenerations of clearly vestigial neuroblasts that have lost functions they might have retained in the larvae of insects in lower orders, for instance the innervation of legs, wings, a larger number of abdominal segments, etc. About half of the pyknoses occur in pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ; Hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Utilizing the unlabeled antibody enzyme method, we report the distribution of hypothalamic elements immunoreactive with antibodies to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in the rat. Immunostained elements, resembling neural processes, were distributed along a pathway corresponding to the tuberoinfundibular tract which appeared to terminate near vascular elements in the external layer of the preand post-infundibular median eminence. No cell bodies stained specifically for LH-RH. Similar topographic arrangements were noted (in coronal and sagittal sections) in diestrous females, ovariectomized females and a hypophysectomized male. The same results were obtained with three different preparations of antisera to LH-RH. Our studies agree with those of other investigators using immunohistochemical techniques as well as with localization studies of LH-RH in the hypothalamus using bioassay and radioimmunoassay. Our results suggest that the unlabeled antibody enzyme technique will have unique value for identifying and tracing fiber systems related to specific functions within the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 493-503 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Glomerular body ; Marine teleost ; Hexagrammos otakii ; Larval osmoregulation ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the larvae of the marine teleost, Hexagrammos otakii, the prolactin, ACTH, STH and pars-intermedia cells as well as the neurohypophysis and glomerular body showed no histological change at the time of hatching. These cells or organs do not seem to be specifically involved in the mechanisms of adjustment to the hypertonic osmotic stress at this time. The size of the nuclei of the prolactin cells increased in fresh-water (F. W.) and that of the ACTH cells decreased in 2/3, 1/2 and 1/3 sea-water (S.W.). The amount of chrome-alum haematoxylin-positive material in the neurohypophysis of fish immersed in 1/2 S.W., 1/3 S.W. and F.W. was less than that of the control fish. There was a difference in the glomerular ratio between the fish kept in F. W. and control fish. And the red blood cells in the glomerulus of the larvae kept in 1/2 and 1/3 S.W. apparently increased in number in comparison with the control fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 535-547 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Rat ; Mitoses, topographic distribution ; Influence of fixation ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les mitoses de l'adénohypophyse du rat mâle ont été examinées comparativement après fixation par perfusion et après fixation par immersion. Après fixation par perfusion la répartition topographique des mitoses dans le parenchyme est homogène, et l'index mitotique est de 1,85 pour 1 000 cellules. Après fixation par immersion, la densité des mitoses décroit de la périphérie vers le centre, et l'index mitotique n'est que de 0,80 mitoses pour 1 000 cellules. La lenteur de pénétration du fixateur pendant l'immersion est tenue pour principal responsable des différences observées. Elle entraîne une modification de l'aspect des mitoses, telle que plus de la moitié d'entre elles ne sont pas identifiables et échappent aux comptages.
    Notes: Summary The mitoses of the adenohypophysis in male rats have been observed comparatively after fixation by perfusion and fixation by immersion. After fixation by perfusion, the topographic distribution of mitoses throughout the parenchyma is homogenous and the mitotic index is 1.85 for 1 000 cells. After fixation by immersion, the density of the mitoses is decreasing from the periphery towards the center and the mitotic index is only 0.80 for 1 000 cells. The slow penetration of the fixative during fixation by immersion is considered to be the main cause in the differences observed. This slow action causes a modification in the aspect of the mitoses, and more than fifty percent of them cannot be identified and escape to the counts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 249-257 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromosomes ; Action of colchicine ; Botryllus schlosseri (Ascidia) ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The course of c-mitosis in early embryos ofBotryllus schlosseri is arrested in a bizarre c-metaphase configuration in which the chromosome arms are tightly paired and sister kinetochores are well separated. This new type of c-metaphase chromosomes occurs because kinetochores are normally separated during prometaphase and sister c-chromatids tend to adhere to each other. Abnormal activity of sister kinetochores, chromosome fragmentation, adherence between chromosomes, overcondensation of chromosomes and bipolar arrangement of the c-pairs, are some additional effects induced by colchicine treatment of oocyte cleaving eggs ofB. schlosseri that have been studied. The behaviour of both normal and c-chromosomes ofB. schlosseri suggests that the forces acting upon kinetochores reach a minimum at metaphase and that they are not diminished by colchicine treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 353-368 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epidermis ; Bufo bufo ; Moulting cycle ; Structure ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin samples were taken from 17 toads (Bufo bufo) in various phases of the moulting cycle. The phase was determined by recording a number of moulting intervals prior to sacrifice and by study of the macroscopic appearance of the skin and the moulting behaviour at sacrifice. Eight of the toads were in the moult when the samples were taken. Characteristic morphological changes were found to be restricted to a period immediately prior to and after shedding of the slough. Chemical changes of the membranes of stratum corneum (or material adhered to them) were observed already prior to adoption of the moulting posture. The separation from the underlying epidermis prior to shedding was accompanied by a swelling of the stratum corneum cells. After final detachment of the slough the replacement layer was differentiated into a new stratum corneum within 24 hours. Significant changes in the morphology of the flask cells were not observed. The findings are discussed with emphasis on the processes of separation and differentiation of the stratum corneum. Based on the morphology of the epidermis the following terminology is proposed for the phases of the moulting cycle: Intermoult phase, preparation phase, early shedding phase, late shedding phase, and differentiation phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 95-105 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mucosal mast cells ; Rat ; Compound 48/80 ; Degranulation, Release ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mast cells in the tongue and lamina propria of the duodenal mucosa, representing two cell types with different morphological, histochemical and functional properties have been studied under the electron microscope. Both cell types were found to contain similar moderately electron dense and homogeneous granules surrounded by a tight membrane constituting the basic ultrastructural characteristics of mast cells. The mucosal mast cells, however, contained fewer granules per cell and the individual granules often exhibited considerable variation in size. In addition the mucosal mast cells, unlike those of the tongue, peritoneum and skin, had a smooth plasma membrane lacking microvilli and possessed irregularly shaped or lobulated nuclei. In the tongue mast cells, administration of Compound 48/80 caused the formation of vacuoles around the granules, expulsion of granules from the cells and disintegration of the granular matrix, but no changes that could be attributed to 48/80 could be found in the mucosal mast cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 213-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve cells ; Regeneration ; Neurosecretion ; Hydra viridis, littoralis ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using whole mount preparations, nerve cells at the cut surface (head region) and also the peduncular-basal disk region were studied during various stages of regeneration (zero hour — 96 h) in Hydra. Leucomethylene blue staining technique allows excellent stainability of nerve cells and thus a statistical count of them at the specified stages of regeneration was obtained. Within 1 h after transection a significant increase (P 〈 0.001) in release of neurosecretory droplets occurs. Between 4 and 15 h of regeneration the number of perikarya remains relatively constant, but the number of processes increases by 200%. This indicates that neurons in Hydra have the capacity to regenerate their processes. Their growth in length is dramatically illustrated at 18 hrs. of regeneration. This degree of anastomosing arrangement is not observed in any other stage of regeneration. After this time the majority of processes break down releasing the neurosecretory materials. A study of the number of perikarya, the number of neurites and the number of neurosecretory droplets in regenerating animals reveals a continuous increase in the number of nerve cells and neurosecretory droplets released for up to 24 h. With the accumulation of nerve cells at the cut surface (24 h of regeneration) there is a simultaneous appearance of tentacle outpushings. The tentacles increase in number and length during the subsequent periods of regeneration. As the regenerative process approaches completion (72–96 h) the number of neurosecretory droplets released decreases, approaching the pre-transection levels as seen in normal animals. It is suggested that the neurosecretory material may act as a “trophic” agent which stimulates differentiation of interstitial cells into nerve cells and thus influences the regenerative process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 367-375 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleolar types ; Maturing erythroblasts (frog) ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frog erythroblasts were studied in summer animals with a very active as well as reduced erythropoiesis due to experimental hibernation, the latter being administered in order to get more information on the frequency of various nucleolar types in maturing cells. The results suggest that nucleoli with nucleolonemata are a transitional nucleolar type between compact and ringshaped nucleoli. Since micronucleoli represent final nucleolar maturation changes and compact nucleoli are present in most immature cells, the sequence of nucleolar changes based on the frequency of investigated nucleolar types is as follows: compact nucleoli→nucleoli with nucleolonemata→ringshaped nucleoli→micronucleoli. The experimental hibernation produces a shift of nucleoli to less active and “maturer” nucleolar types in all stages of the erythroblastic maturation. In addition, the experimental hibernation produces the formation of ringshaped nucleoli in the first stages of the erythroblastic maturation which in summer animals usually contain compact nucleoli and/or nucleoli with distinct nucleolonemata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 439-458 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Limbic system ; Amygdala ; Cat-cell types ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amygdaloid complex in the cat was studied in a series of Golgi preparations. Both the lateral and the basal nucleus are composed of the same two cell types, one of which (type P) resembles the pyramidal and the other (type S) the stellate neuron of the cortex. The cortical nucleus can be divided into three layers (I, II, and III–IV) which are made up of cells similar to those in the periamygdaloid cortex. In addition, there are sufficient differences in the organization of these layers to justify a subdivision of the cortical nucleus into lateral and medial parts. The dendrites of neurons in the medial part of the central nucleus, the medial nucleus and the anterior amygdaloid area undergo less branching and carry fewer spines than those of the type P cell. The neurons in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract are all of the pyramidal or modified pyramidal type. These findings are discussed in relation to those of previous investigators who employed the Nissl and Golgi methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 27-43 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine glands ; Male sexual organs ; Reptiles ; Influence of Metopirone ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenals, pituitary glands, thyroids, testes and kidneys of metopirone-treated and control male lizards were studied by light microscopy. Pituitary-interrenal axis: A great hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the interrenal cells and the pituitary corticotrophs were found in the experimental group. Pituitary-thyroid axis: Metopirone-treated animals showed a moderate hypertrophy and degranulation of pituitary thyrotrophs, and signs of uneven hyperactivity of the thyroid. Pituitary-testicular axis: By effect of metopirone, a marked regression of pituitary interstitiotrophs and a virtual disappearance of the testicular interstitial gland took place. The second portion of the kidney sexual segments appeared degranulated as in castrated animals. The pituitary folliculotrophs and the seminiferous epithelium of the testis did not show alterations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Axolotl ; Glycoprotein hormones ; Corticotrophs ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les anticorps anti-TSH (hormone thyréotrope) d'origine bovine, anti-LH β (hormone lutéinisante) d'origine ovine et anti β (1–24) corticotropine de synthèse ont été appliqués à l'hypophyse de l'Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw) selon une technique d'immunofluorescence histologique indirecte. Les anticorps anti-TSH se fixent sur une population de cellules fusiformes localisées dans les régions caudale et ventrale de l'hypophyse distale. Les éléments révélés par les anticorps anti-LH β possèdent un noyau ovalaire entouré d'un cytoplasme intensément fluorescent et sont répartis dans l'ensemble du lobe hypophysaire distal. Les cellules fixant l'anticorps anti β (1–24) corticotropine sont disposées en bordure de l'éminence médiane et présentent un noyau ovalaire et un cytoplasme abondant. Il s'agirait respectivement des cellules à fonction thyréotrope, gonadotrope et corticotrope. L'examen des caractéristiques cytologiques et histochimiques de ces trois types cellulaires complète ces données immunologiques.
    Notes: Summary Antisera prepared respectively against TSH (thyreotropin) of bovine origin, against LH (luteotropin) of ovine origin and against synthetic β (1–24) corticotropin were applied to histological sections of Axolotl pituitary (Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw) with the indirect immunofluorescence procedure. The anti-TSH antibodies from the first antiserum attach themselves to a population of fusiform cells situated in the caudal and ventral areas of the pars distalis. The cells revealed by the second antiserum show an oval nucleus surrounded by a strongly fluorescent cytoplasm. They are scattered throughout the whole pars distalis. The cells revealed by the third antiserum are arranged around the median eminence. Their nucleus is oval and their cytoplasm abundant. Presumably, these three cell types correspond respectively to the thyreotropic, gonadotropic and corticotropic cells as indicated by a parallel examination of their cytological and histochemical characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 277-286 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect visual system ; Apis mellifera ; Retina-lamina projection ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retina-lamina projection in the visual pathway of the bee was studied by the reduced silver and Golgi techniques. Two main types of visual cell axons (R-fibres) were found: (1) at least two forms of short visual fibres terminate at two levels in the lamina; (2) the long visual fibres cross the first optic chiasma and terminate at two different levels of higher order neurons in the medulla. Six short and three long visual fibres leave each retinula in the bee's eye. Whereas two types of short visual cells can be distinguished by the arborization patterns of Golgi-stained preparations, as well as by their fibre diameters, three different types of long visual fibres can be found. In each cartridge (“neuroommatidium”) the six short visual cells closely appose three monopolar cells (L-fibres, second order neurons). Thus each axon bundle crossing the first (or intermediate) chiasma contains at least six large argyrophilic fibres (three long visual cells and three monopolar cells), and these can be seen in cross-sections of reduced silver preparations. In addition, centrifugal fibres originating in the medulla and terminating in the lamina as well as amacrine (intrinsic) cells of the lamina have been resolved by Golgi impregnation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 119-135 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Sex difference ; Light microscopy ; Histometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 260 männlichen und weiblichen Sprague-Daweley-Ratten vom 0. Lebenstag bis zur 12. Lebenswoche wird die geschlechtsdifferente Entwicklung der Nebennierenrinde histologisch und histometrisch verfolgt. Von der 4. Lebenswoche an ist die weibliche Fasciculatazelle durch ein helles, fein-granuläres Cytoplasma ohne distinkt abgrenzbare Fettvakuolen ausgezeichnet, während beim Männchen in einem kompakten Cytoplasma zunehmend größere, deutlich begrenzte Vakuolen auftreten. Im Blindversuch gelingt aufgrund dieser Kriterien die Geschlechtsdiagnose mit großer Treffsicherheit. Nach histometrischen Untersuchungen sind die weiblichen Fasciculatakerne größer als die männlichen. Bei größerem Zellvolumen ist die Kernzahl/Flächeneinheit beim Weibchen von der Pubertät an kleiner. Die Glomerulosa und die inneren Rindenschichten zeigen keine Geschlechtsdifferenzen. Fermenthistochemisch ist eine Geschlechtsdifferenz nicht nachweisbar. Die relative Zellhypertrophie in der Fasciculata der weiblichen Nebennierenrinde ist das morphologische Äquivalent eines geschlechtsdifferenten Steroidmetabolismus bei der Ratte.
    Notes: Summary In 260 male and female Sprague-Dawley CD rats the sex dependent development of the adrenal cortex was studied histologically and by histometric procedures. Beginning in the 4th week of life the parenchymal cells in the fasciculata of the female animals are characterized by a light, finely granular cytoplasm without distinct lipid vacuoles. In the males, however, the cells show a dense, compact cytoplasm with clearly visible vacuoles increasing in size. In a blind test the sex diagnosis can be established with great accuracy. Histometrically the nuclei in the female fasciculata cells are larger than in the males. Furthermore, caused by a larger cell volume the number of nuclei per square unit is smaller in postpuberal females. The glomerulosa and the inner parts of the cortex do not show any sex differences, nor does enzyme histochemistry. The relative cellular hypertrophy in the fasciculata of the female adrenal cortex represents the morphologic equivalent of the sexual differences in the rats steroid metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 442-454 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visual system ; Insects ; First optic chiasma ; Fibre projection ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Each optic cartridge in the lamina of Diptera1 gives rise to a bundle of fibres composed of the prolongations of at least 11 neurons (two first order receptors, R7 and R8, five monopolar cells, L1–L5 and four “centrifugal” cells, T1, T1a, C2 and C3). The bundles project to the outer surface of the second synaptic region, the medulla. The projection patterns of the bundles means that a point for point map of the cartridge arrangement in the lamina is conferred on the medulla. The cross-over of bundles, along the horizontal axis of the eye, merely reverses the lamina map on the medulla. All eleven fibres that enter a bundle at the lamina are contained within it as far as the medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 109-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Deuterocerebrum ; Apis mellifera ; Sensory antennal fibres ; Experimental degeneration ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Bienen wurden verschieden große Abschnitte eines Fühlers oder ein ganzer Fühler in Narkose abgetrennt. Nach Überlebenszeiten von einem bis zu neun Tagen wurden der Verlauf und die räumliche Verteilung der degenerierenden, sensorischen Antennenfasern im Zentralnervensystem untersucht und der Anteil der dickfaserigen Efferenz bestimmt. Folgende Befunde wurden erhoben: 1) Die Mehrheit der Glomeruli des Lobus antennalis ist in Knäuel und Hauben gegliedert; sensorische Antennenfasern ziehen hauptsächlich von außen zu den Glomerulihauben und endigen dort. 2) Ein Wulst aus feinen Faseraufzweigungen im Lobus antennalis im Bereich des Tractus olfactorioglobularis medialis wird ebenfalls von der Antenne (vom Pedicellus?) sensorisch versorgt. 3) Der größere Teil aller sensorischen Antennenfasern endigt zwar im Lobus antennalis, der Rest zieht jedoch weiter zum Lobus dorsalis. 4) Im Lobus dorsalis befinden sich Kleinglomeruli, in denen sensorische Antennenfasern endigen; daneben durchsetzt Antennenafferenz fast den gesamten Lobus dorsalis. 5) Ein Bündel dickerer, sensorischer Antennenfasern zieht durch den Lobus dorsalis weiter zum Protocerebrum und endigt im Bereich von Ocellar-Riesenfasern. 6) Ein weiteres Bündel aus dickeren, sensorischen Antennenfasern zieht durch den Lobus dorsalis in das Unterschlundganglion; zusammen mit dünneren, sensorischen Antennenfasern wird ein Schlauch aus Antennenafferenz um den Integumentnerven herum gebildet. 7) Sensorische Antennenfasern ziehen nur im Unterschlundganglion auf die kontralaterale Seite, im wesentlichen verteilt sich die Antennenafferenz jedoch ipsilateral. 8) Die aus ungefähr 20 Motoaxonen bestehende, dickfaserige Efferenz für die Antennenmuskeln verläßt die Neuropilemkalotte des Lobus dorsalis ganz lateral; meist 6 efferente Fasern ziehen im sensorisch-motorisch gemischten Antennennerven in die Antenne. 9) Im Lobus dorsalis umspinnen sensorische Antennenfasern ganz eng motorische Antennenfasern; sehr wahrscheinlich existieren an diesen Kontaktstellen Synapsen zwischen der Antennenafferenz und der Antennenefferenz ohne zwischengeschaltete Neurone. 10) Der Nerv vom Janetschen Chordotonalorgan an der Antennenbasis zieht direkt zum Lobus dorsalis und gabelt sich dort, der eine Zweig zieht in das Protocerebrum, der andere in das Unterschlundganglion.
    Notes: Summary In worker bees a varying number of antennal segments or whole antennae were removed. After postoperative survival times ranging from one to nine days the course and the spatial distribution of the degenerating sensory antennal fibres in the CNS were investigated; the amount of thick efferent antennal fibres was evaluated. 1) The major part of the glomeruli of the antennal lobe is organized into neuropile balls surrounded by fibre caps; sensory antennal fibres enter the caps primarily from outside to end there. 2) A worm like region consisting of fine nerve ramifications in the central neuropile of the antennal lobe next to the Tractus olfactorio-globularis medialis receives also sensory fibres from the antenna (possibly the pedicel). 3) Although the greater part of all sensory antennal nerve fibres terminates in the antennal lobe, a considerable part passes by to the dorsal lobe. 4) The dorsal lobe contains smaller glomeruli than the antennal lobe, where also sensory antennal fibres terminate; moreover sensory antennal fibres are found throughout the whole dorsal lobe. 5) A bundle of thicker sensory antennal fibres passes through the dorsal lobe to the protocerebrum to terminate next to giant fibres from the ocelli. 6) Another bundle of thicker sensory antennal fibres passes through the dorsal lobe to the subesophageal ganglion; together with thinner sensory antennal fibres it builds up a “tube” of afferent antennal fibres around the tegumentary nerve. 7) Sensory antennal fibres only in the subesophageal ganglion cross to the contralateral side; essentially their distribution is restricted to the ipsilateral side of the central nervous system. 8) There exist about 20 motor axons supplying the antennal muscles; they are the most laterally situated nerve fibres in the neuropile of the dorsal lobe; generally 6 efferent fibres together with the afferent antennal fibres constitute the mixed sensory-motor antennal nerve. 9) In the dorsal lobe sensory antennal nerve fibres end on antennal motor fibres; very probably in this region direct synaptic contacts between sensory and motor fibres without intermediate interneurons occur, thus permitting monosynaptic reflexes. 10) The nerve from Janet's antennal chordotonal organ goes directly to the dorsal lobe, where it bifurcates, one twig passing to the proto-cerebrum, the other to the subesophageal ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 333-364 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Amphibians ; Corticotrophs ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'identification des cellules responsables de l'élaboration de la corticotropine (ACTH) a été envisagée chezRana esculenta. Les effects causés par l'interrénalectomie au niveau de l'hypophyse ont été étudiés parallèlement par immunofluorescence et au microscope électronique. Au microscope à fluorescence, les cellules détectées chez les animaux témoins avec un antisérum anti-synachten1 bordent en grand nombre les capillaires des zones médiorostrale et ventrale du lobe antérieur. Deux jours après interrénalectomie, le nombre de cellules fluorescentes décroît, douze jours après l'intervention, il ne subsiste pas d'éléments fluorescents dans cette zone. Au microscope électronique, les cellules corticotropes présentent de fines granulations d'environ 200 mμ de diamètre. Après interrénalectomie bilatérale, ces cellules sont fortement stimulées, elles sont sujettes à d'importantes modifications morphologiques; l'aspect morphologique des autres catégories de cellules antéhypophysaires, par contre, n'est pratiquement pas modifié. Douze jours après l'opération, la plupart de ces cellules sont dégranulées, l'ergastoplasme et l'appareil de Golgi sont bien développés. Ces observations suggèrent que les cellules péricapillaires de la moitié rostrale de lapars distalis sécrètent l'hormone corticotrope.
    Notes: Summary Identification of the cell types responsible for the production of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was performed inRana esculenta. The effects of interrenalectomy on the pituitary cells were studied as well by immunofluorescence, as by electron microscopy. In control animals, the ACTH cells studied by immunofluorescence are numerous around the blood vessels of the medio-rostral and medio-ventral part of the anterior lobe. Two days after interrenalectomy the number of fluorescent cells decreases. Twelve days after, the operation all the fluorescent cells disappeared. The fine structure of the corticotrophs is characterized by the presence of small secretory granules (200 mμ). After bilateral interrenalectomy this cell type is markedly stimulated; it displays striking morphological changes, while the morphology of the other pituitary cell types is not considerably modified. Twelve days after operation most of these cells are degranulated, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus are well developed. These findings suggest that the pericapillary cells of the rostral half of thepars distalis produce the adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 45-58 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chicken ; Bursa Fabricii ; Thymus ; Spleen ; Tonsilla caecalis ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bursa Fabricii, Thymus, Milz und Zäkaltonsillen von 63 Hühnern im Alter von 1 Tag bis zu 1 Jahr werden histologisch untersucht, wobei das Vorkommen der als bursaabhängig geltenden Keimzentren und Plasmazellen quantitativ erfaßt wird. Beide treten in der Milz und Tonsilla caecalis erst während des Reifestadiums der Bursa in zunehmender Menge auf. Mit Beginn der Bursainvolution werden Keimzentren und pyroninophile Zellen in der Milz selten, während in den Zäkaltonsillen kaum Veränderungen auftreten. Im Thymus verschiebt sich das Verhältnis zwischen Mark- und Rindenbreite zugunsten des Marks. Bei 8 Monate alten Tieren fehlt die Rinde vollständig. Plasmazellen treten im Thymusmark während des Reifestadiums der Bursa auf und nehmen mit dem Beginn deren Involution zu. In dem Zeitraum zwischen 2 Wochen und 5 Monaten ändert sich das Verhältnis zwischen reifen und unreifen Plasmazellen beständig zugunsten der reifen Plasmazellen.
    Notes: Summary Bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and cecal tonsils were histologically examined with special reference to the number of bursa-dependent germinal centers and plasma cells in 63 chickens, 1 day to 1 year old. Both structures appear in spleen and cecal tonsils increasingly during the bursal maturity stage. At the beginning bursal involution, germinal centers and pyroninophilic cells become rare in the spleen, in contrary no changes appear in the cecal tonsils. The medulla cortex ratio of the thymus changes in favour of the medulla, in animals 8 months of age the cortex is absent. Plasma cells appear in the medulla of the thymus during the bursal maturity stage and increase in number with beginning involution. During the period of 2 weeks to 5 months the proportion between mature and immature plasma cells changes in favour of mature cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 149-170 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Suctorial disc ; Echeneis naucrates ; Sustentacular tissue ; Sense organs ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die lichtmikroskopische Untersuchung der Haftscheibe des Teleostiers Echeneis naucrates führte unter anderen zu folgenden Ergebnissen: 1. Das mehrschichtige, Schleimzellen enthaltende Epithel der Scheibe weist deutliche regionale Unterschiede auf. So ist auf der Dorsalfläche der flexiblen Randlippe eine an Schleimdrüsen besonders reiche bandförmige Zone ausgebildet. Ferner werden die Eingänge in die Taschen zwischen den Lamellen des Saugapparates und die Oberfläche der medianen Hautleiste von stark schleimbildendem Epithel umgeben bzw. bedeckt. Der Schleimstreifen der Haftscheibe wird als Einrichtung zur Abdichtung der Haftfläche gedeutet. 2. Im Drüsenfeld auf der Dorsalfläche der Randlippe liegen große Sinnesorgane vom Typus der Chemorezeptoren. Ihre Funktion besteht möglicherweise in der Prüfung der Oberfläche des Wirtes, an dem sich Echeneis festsaugt. Die Angaben von Houy (1910), wonach diese Sinnesorgane in der Wand eines Kanalsystems liegen und nicht intraepithelial, beruhen auf der Fehlinterpretation artifiziell entstandener Spalten. 3. Die interlamellären Taschen der Saugplatte werden von einem verhältnismäßig niedrigen und an Schleimzellen armen, gefältelten Epithel ausgekleidet. Es ist der Beanspruchung auf Dehnung angepaßt, die bei dem Ansaugen infolge Vertikalstellung der Lamellen der Scheibe auftritt. 4. Der ovale abgeplattete Stützgewebsstreifen innerhalb der Randlippe, dessen Gewebe von Houy (1910) nicht klassifiziert werden konnte, besteht aus hyalinzelligem Chondroidgewebe (Schaffer), das von kollagenen und elastischen Fasern, ferner von einem weitmaschigen Kapillarnetz durchsetzt wird. Zarte Septen aus Kollagenfilamenten umgeben jede einzelne Hyalinzelle. Das im Zentrum des Reifens gelegene univakuoläre Fettgewebe differenziert sich aus den Hyalinzellen des Chondroidgewebes, die ihrerseits von perichondralen Fibrozyten abstammen. Auch die innerhalb der Lamellen des Saugapparates gelegenen Knorpelformationen werden von hyalinzelligem Chondroidgewebe gebildet, das mit Fettgewebe in Zusammenhang steht. 5. Die Faserarchitektur des Randstreifens entspricht der trajektoriellen Bauweise des Hyalinknorpels.
    Notes: Summary A light microscopical study of the suctorial disc of the teleost Echeneis naucrates revealed the following details: 1. The stratified mucous-cell bearing epithelium of the disc shows distinctive regional differences. Thus the dorsal surface of the flexible marginal lip contains a peculiar glandular zone which is particularly rich in mucous cells. Furthermore, the openings to the pockets between the lamellae of the suction apparatus and the surface of the median dermal ridge are mucus producing zones. These areas are interpreted as devices for tightening. 2. In the mucous zone of the dorsal surface of the marginal lip are large sensory organs of chemoreceptor type. Possibly their function consists in the chemical assessment of the host's surface. The statement by Houy (1910) according to which these organs are located in the wall of a canalicular system rather than intraepithelially stems from his erroneous interpretation of artifactitious clefts. 3. The interlamellar pockets of the suction disc are lined by a low folded epithelium with relatively few mucous cells. It is capable of adjusting to the stretch caused by the tilting of the disc's lamellae during suction. 4. The oval flattened ring of sustentacular tissue within the marginal lip, which Houy (1910) was unable to classify, represents a chondroid tissue consisting mainly of hyaline cells (“hyalinzelliges Chondroidgewebe, Schaffer 1930”) and traversed by collagenous and elastic fibres. It also contains a wide-meshed capillary network. Each hyaline cell is surrounded by delicate septa formed by collagenous filaments. The unilocular adipose tissue in the ring's center develops from the hyaline cells of the chondroid tissue which in turn are derived from perichondrial fibrocytes. Also the cartilaginous structures within the lamellae of the suction apparatus are formed by the same chondroid tissue that is in connection with adipose tissue. 5. The spatial arrangement of the fibres and fibrils traversing the sustentacular tissue within the marginal lip corresponds to the trajectorial pattern of hyaline cartilage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 313-329 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nervous system ; Limulus polyphemus ; Abdominal ganglion ; Neurons ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of the first abdominal ganglion of Limulus polyphemus (L.) was examined by reconstructions from stained serial sections. This ganglion, one of a chain of eight which form the ventral cord, is bilaterally symmetrical and shows the typical invertebrate division into two zones, cellular rind and fibrous core. The core of the ganglion comprises two major longitudinal tracts which are continuous with the connectives between the ganglia and four areas of regional neuropile which occur at the roots of the nerves developed from the ganglion. Minor tracts and neuropile are present. The rind is divided into several cell groups: U-shaped lobes around the nerve roots, a lateral lobe between the nerve roots and two cell layers along the ventral aspect. Six cell types are recognized: encapsulated unipolar cells, secretory unipolar cells (two types), encapsulated bipolar cells, “neuroglandular” bipolar cells and small non-encapsulated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 509-534 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Genital tract ; Viviparous toad ; Cyclic variations ; Light microscopy ; Biometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'oviducte de Nectophrynoïdes occidentalis Angel, petit crapaud vivipare d'Afrique occidentale, peut être divisé en quatre parties: le pavillon, la trompe, l'utérus et le tronc commun utérin distal. Seul le pavillon ne varie pas au cours de l'année; il reste toujours transparent et dépourvu de cellules glandulaires. Un épithélium cilié tapisse sa lumière. La trompe est un conduit rectiligne de 7 à 10 millimètres de long qui peut être divisé en quatre segments principaux, différenciés par la constitution chimique des substances de la muqueuse. La structure de la trompe est relativement simple et comparable à celle des autres Vertébrés inférieurs. Elle apparait alternativement sous deux aspects principaux: trompe au repos et trompe active. La période de repos se poursuit pendant une bonne partie de la gestation; la reprise d'activité sécrétrice s'effectue plusieurs semaines avant la parturition et atteint son maximum dans les jours qui précèdent l'ovulation. L'utérus subit continuellement des remaniements. Tour à tour vide et gravide, il passe par trois phases essentielles: une phase de nécrose s'étendant sur les douze jours qui suivent la parturition et correspondant à l'élimination de la couche superficielle de la muqueuse; une phase de prolifération, allant du douzième jour après la mise-bas jusqu'à lóvulation suivante; caractérisée par le régénération progressive de la muqueuse à partir de la couche profonde restée en dehors des processus de nécrose; une phase de sécrétion et d'hypérémie qui dure pendant toute la gestation. La partie terminale de l'oviducte, formée par la confluence des deux conduits müllériens, subit les mêmes variations que l'utérus gestant. Son épithélium est tout-à-fait comparable à celui de l'utérus; son chorion, en revanche, est beaucoup plus dense et développé mais ne possède qu'une faible vascularisation.
    Notes: Summary The oviduct of Nectophrynoides occidentalis Angel, a small viviparous toad of West Africa, is divided into four parts: ostium, tube, uterus and the distal common uterine segment. Only the ostium does not show seasonal variations: it always remains transparent and is devoid of glandular cells. A ciliated epithelium lines its lumen. The tube is rectilinear, about 7–10 millimeters long and may be subdivided into four principal segments, on the basis of the chemical composition of the substances of the mucosa. Its structure is relatively simple and comparable to that of other lower vertebrates. Its appearance differs according to whether it is at rest or in activity. For most of the gestation period the tube is at rest but secretory activity starts several weeks before birth. It reaches its maximum during the days immediately preceding ovulation. Unlike the tube, the uterus undergoes continuous changes, which can be pregnant, divided into three essential phases: a phase of necrosis, extending to twelve days following birth, and corresponding to the elimination of the superficial layer of the mucosa; a phase of proliferation, extending from the twelfth day after birth until the subsequent ovulation, characterized by the progressive regeneration of the mucosa, which is initiated by the deep layer which was not involved in necrosis; a phase of secretion and hyperemia which lasts during the whole period of gestation. The terminal part of the oviduct, formed by the confluence of the two Müllerian ducts, undergoes the same variations as the uterus, its epithelium being completely comparable to that of the uterus; its chorion, however, is much denser and better developed but its vascularization is less intense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Pars intermedia ; Adrenocorticotropin ; Melanocyte stimulating hormone ; Neural control over pars intermedia ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic localization of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) in light, dark and ACTH cells in the pars intermedia (PI) of rats and mice is attempted by using antisera to βp 1–24, βp 17–39 ACTH and βb MSH with the immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge technique. All of the PI parenchymatous cells (light, dark and ACTH cells), except the marginal cuboidal and the ependymal like cells, in rats and mice show very good localization of ACTH and MSH staining. In the light and dark cells, stain of varying intensity is seen on the secretory granules, vesicles and also in many places on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. There is no staining on the mitochondria, in the nuclei or in the granules inside and around the cisternae of the Golgi complex. Dark stained dense core granules become larger and larger as they appear farther and farther away from the Golgi complex. On the other hand, in the ACTH cells of the PI, ACTH antisera show stronger stained granules in the Golgi complex including the cisternae, similar to the pars distalis (PD) ACTH cells. From these observations it is concluded that the corticotropin in light and dark cells, is not packaged or condensed in the Golgi complex like that in the ACTH cells. MSH synthesis in light and dark cells also seems to be similar to that of ACTH synthesis. It is likely that the granules accumulate ACTH and MSH secretions after they are liberated from the Golgi cisternae, and thus become bigger and bigger in size. In case of ACTH cells of PI and PD, corticotropin may be packaged in Golgi cisternae and the size of the granule does not change much. This shows that there are distinct immunocytochemical differences between the light, dark and ACTH cells of the PI. At the moment, it is difficult to say whether ACTH and MSH are present in the same granule or not. The present and previous studies show that the ACTH and MSH secretion in the PI of rats and mice depends on the hypothalamic neural control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ventral cord ganglia ; Limulus polyphemus ; Cell types ; Neurosecretion ; Cytochemistry ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventral cord ganglia of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, contains six distinct cell types: three appear to be ordinary neurons and three exhibit the staining affinities of neurosecretory cells. The presumed neurosecretory cells have been termed neurosecretory cell I (NSC I), NSC II and NSC III. NSC I cells contain a colloid-like inclusion which may occur as a single small vacuole or occupy more than one-half of the cell volume. Colloid inclusions occur with greater frequency toward the periphery, although small cells of similar staining affinity occur in cords extending to the fibrous core. The histochemical tests suggest that the cytoplasm is positive for proteins, but contains no strong acidic groups which may have been derived from S-S or S-H groups. The presence of carbohydrate is also indicated. NSC II cells exhibit distinct secretory cycles. Early in the cycle the cytoplasm becomes phloxinophilic and progresses to a distinct fuchsinophilic stage. Small homogeneous irregular inclusions are found in the axon hillock during the latter stages of the cycle. Histochemical tests suggest the presence of a carbohydrate and strong acidic groups which may have been derived from S-S or S-H groups. There are small cells present which appear to be immature neurosecretory cells. NSC III cells are characterized by a perinuclear ring of cytoplasm which is stained by chrome alum hematoxylin but not by paraldehyde fuchsin. A secretory cycle may also be present in this cell type. The three cell types presumed to be ordinary neurons exhibit no particular staining affinity for the stains or tests used in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 261-279 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Rat, Cat ; Motor endplate ; Reinnervation ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The formation of endplates outside the original endplate region of a muscle fibre was studied in slow and fast rat muscles. It was found that such new endplates are readily formed on the soleus muscle, whereas hardly at all in the fast extensor digitorum longus. Most new endplates appear to be morphologically normal within 2 months after nerve implantation. 2. The time course of recovery of slow and fast cat muscles was followed after crushing the sciatic nerve. It was found that the slow soleus muscle recovers more rapidly than the fast flexor hallucis longus muscle. 3. The endplates of reinnervated cat muscles are more complicated than those of the control muscles, but have nevertheless fewer nerve terminals per endplate. Reinnervated muscles are more sensitive to curare and it is suggested that this is due to a decrease in transmitter release, for it was found that less acetylcholine is released from reinnervated rat hemidiaphragms than from control ones. 4. Motor and sensory reinnervation of spindles and tendon organs was studied. At the time when motor reinnervation is almost completed the sensory endings from spindles and tendon organs are highly abnormal. Thus sensory reinnervation proceeds much more slowly than motor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 505-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cartilage ; Ageing ; Chondrocyte and matrix ; Light microscopy ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural investigations have been carried out on ageing costal and tracheal cartilage of rats. The following age groups of animals have been studied: 1, 7, 14, 20, 30, 45, 75 days, 6 months, and 2 years. Ageing induces cellular changes which are represented by a reduction in the number of chondrocytes, a progressive increase in glycogen deposition, and processes of degeneration, the most frequent of which is the accumulation of lipidic material within large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Changes in the intercellular matrix become evident after 20 days in costal cartilage and after 30 days in tracheal cartilage. Chondroitin sulphate decreases while keratan sulphate, whose presence is limited to the territorial matrix, increases. Glycoproteins increase slightly in young animals and then remain constant; they decrease in the subperichondrial areas in old animals. Ultrastructurally, the matrix of cartilage of young animals contains thin collagen fibrils, most of which have no periodic banding. Roundish electron dense granules are associated with these fibrils. Irregular filaments associated with small electron-dense circular bodies are present around chondrocytes as well as within cytoplasmic vacuoles. With increasing age, and coincident with the reduction of chondroitin sulphate, the thickness of collagen fibrils increases, their period becomes evident, and the associated matrix granules decrease in number and size. Areas containing these fibrils undergo calcification, which frequently starts within roundish bodies of cellular origin. Collagen fibrils with a period of 640 Å but a highly variable thickness are often present in cartilage of adult and old rats. These fibrils seem to be due to an abnormal synthetic activity of chondrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 537-549 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect haemocytes ; Classification ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simplified insect haemocyte classification has been formulated by a light microscopic examination of the haemolymph of insects from fifteen Orders. Six cell types or developmental stages can be distinguished: (1) Prohaemocytes, (2) Plasmatocytes, (3) Granular Cells, (4) Spherule Cells, (5) Cystocytes, and (6) Oenocytoids. The structure and occurrence of these haemocytes are described together with the structural variations which occur in each cell type. Due to considerable overlap in structure and the presence of numerous intermediates the six cell types may represent different developmental and/or functional stages of one basic cell type. The available evidence for this unitarian hypothesis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 267-274 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Teleostei ; Euryhalinity ; Eta cells ; Dilatation of capillaries ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eta cells of the pituitary of Aphanius dispar specimens adapted to sea water are densely packed and have folded nuclei. Unfolding of the nuclei accompanied by cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia was observed 24 hours after experimental transfer of specimens into fresh water. In specimens from natural habitats and adapted over long periods to fresh water, the nuclei are rounded and cellular hypertrophy attains maximal values. Dilatation of capillaries in the hypophysis was observed in about one third of the specimens within the first few days after transfer to fresh water. In specimens adapted either to fresh water or to sea water the capillaries were normal. Epsilon cells from seawater specimens have elongated nuclei perpendicular to the basement membrane which separates the rostral neurohypophysis from the adenohypophysis; in freshwater specimens epsilon cell nuclei are rounded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 343-346 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebellar cortex ; Rhesus monkey, cat ; Basket cell axons ; Regional differences ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the cerebellar cortex of rhesus monkey and cat differences in the arrangement of basket cell axons and dendrites are described. In the anterior lobe, basket cell axons are short, very small in number and of a small diameter. In the posterior and nodulofloccular lobe, these fibers form plexus-like accumulations within the lower third of the molecular layer. In these parts they are longer, more numerous and bigger in diameter. Finally the contribution of Lugaro cell dendrites to this fiber accumulation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1 (1973), S. 51-68 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; cancer chemotherapy ; cell kinetics ; mathematical model ; cell cycle specific drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Predictive models have been developed to simulate cancer cell populations under treatment with cytotoxic drugs, with both direct-acting and cell cycle specific drugs being considered. Models of cell growth kinetics have been combined with simple pharmacokinetic models to complete the cell-drug interaction system. The models depend on knowing the distribution of generation time in the cell population, the cell-drug interaction, and the local concentration of the drug at the effective site. All of the quantities can be obtained, in principle, from separate experiments and combined to form a model describing several aspects of the cell-drug response system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1 (1973), S. 497-520 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: tissue distribution ; plasma protein binding ; tissue protein binding ; fat/water partition coefficient ; volumes of distribution ; corticosterone ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The concentration of a drug at its site of action will be affected by the ability of the drug to distribute to and pass through various membranes and tissues. Mechanisms of drug distribution are summarized in this paper and include the differences between intracellular and extracellular pH,active transport systems for drugs, distribution of drugs between fat and water in adipose tissues, the reversible binding of drugs to phospholipids and to various macromolecules including proteins, nucleic acid, and melanin. These mechanisms usually tend to decrease the concentration of unbound drugs at their sites of action, but usually not to the extent one would predict on the basis of in vitrobinding studies. The effects of drug distribution in altering the biological half-lives of drugs in the body are discussed as well as the interrelationship between the kinetic volumes of distribution for drugs and blood flow rates through the organs that eliminate these drugs. These concepts are illustrated for corticosterone levels following intravenous bolus injections and infusions into rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1 (1973), S. 341-361 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; pharmacokinetic models ; bioavailability ; clinical metabolic profile ; chronic dosing regimens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The present status of pharmacokinetics is reviewed. Pharmacokinetic models and the basic concepts involved in applying models to blood, urine, bile, and tissue levels of drugs and metabolites are discussed. An outline of methods for pharmacokinetic analyses is proposed. Special emphasis is given to the determination of bioavailability of a drug from various dosage forms. Uses of pharmaco-kinetics in determining sites of drug action and in determining a clinical metabolic profile are suggested. The perturbations of magnitudes of pharmacokinetic parameters among individuals challenged with the drug can be used as a diagnostic tool in evaluating the state of dynamic processes, the presence of metabolic diseases and genetic abnormalities, and the failure of physiological functions. The use of pharmacokinetics and the prediction of chronic dosing regimens are reviewed. Typical curves depicting predicted blood levels on repetitive dosing are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 2 (1974), S. 123-148 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; computer program ; NONLIN ; data weighting ; isoniazid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several important statistical aspects of pharmacokinetic analyses by digital computer are discussed. These include selection of appropriate equations, weighting of data, precision of parameter estimates, comparisons of parameters, analysis of weighted residuals, and criteria useful in the selection of particular models. Data obtained after administration of isoniazid and isonicotinuric acid to man are analyzed to illustrate the usefulness of the discussed methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1 (1973), S. 521-540 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; polygenically controlled disease states ; pharmacokinetic twin studies ; pharmacokinetic heritability ; ethanol ; antipyrine ; phenylbutazone ; bishydroxycoumarin.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The application of pharmacokinetics to the elucidation of polygenic factors involved in drug disposition is discussed in the context of three questions: (a)How extensive is the variation among individuals in rate of plasma clearance for commonly used drugs? (b)If appreciable variation occurs, what are the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to its maintenance? (c) What role is played by polygenic factors in maintaining this variation?Large variance in plasma decay rates for phenylbutazone, ethyl biscoumacetate, antipyrine, isoniazid, and nortriptyline is noted throughout the general population. However, these large variations appear to be controlled predominately by genetic rather than by environmental factors on the basis of studies run on identical and fraternal twins. At the present time, an individual's capacity to metabolize drugs and the effects of various conditions in altering that basal, genetically determined capacity seem to be best indicated by measurements of the plasma antipyrine half-life. While the theoretical advantages of obtaining blood concentrations of drugs as a guide to their more rational administration are evident, several practical problems are discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 2 (1974), S. 495-509 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: hepatobiliary transport ; rat ; bromphenol blue ; pharmacokinetics ; roles of liver cytoplasmic Y- and Z-binding proteins and T binder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new pharmacokinetic model is proposed to explain the hepatobiliary transport of a nonmetabolized sulfonic acid dye, bromphenol blue, which is actively transported from the bloodstream into bile. This model has the advantage of taking into account the roles of the liver cytoplasmic Y- and Z- binding proteins and T binder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: digoxin ; pharmacokinetics ; two-compartment model ; three-compartment model ; radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An experiment has been carried out in man designed to compare the fit of a two- and a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model to experimentally determined serum digoxin concentration-time data following rapid intravenous injection of 1.0 mg of the drug. Digoxin was administered to five healthy male volunteers, blood samples were withdrawn repetitively over a period of 72 hr, and samples were assayed using a 125 I radioimmunoassay. Appropriate equations describing two- and three-compartment open models were fitted to the experimental data using weighted nonlinear least squares regression analysis. It was demonstrated that the three-compartment fit resulted in a statistically significant reduction in residual error, a marked improvement in the randomness of scatter of the experimental data about the serum digoxin-time curve, and better agreement of the predicted serum concentration-time curve with experimental serum digoxin concentrations. Thus the three-compartment open model is the simplest pharmacokinetic model consistent with the data observed in this experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1 (1973), S. 137-163 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; nonlinear regression ; drug distribution ; compartmental models ; computer program ; BASIC ; time sharing ; spectinomycin ; naloxone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract COMPT, a computer program for optimizing the solution of integral compartmental models of drug distribution by nonlinear regression analysis, is written in extended BASIC for use in time-sharing computer systems. It is based on Hartley's modification of the Gauss-Newton gradient method. The characteristics and features of the program are indicated, and the program source listing is presented. This version of COMPT is designed to solve the two-compartment open model of intravenous drug administration. Examples of the results of the operational program are presented. The program is modifiable to permit analytical solutions for other types of systems described by nonlinear equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1 (1973), S. 175-200 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; cancer chemotherapy ; pharmacodynamics ; cell kinetics ; vincristine ; vinblastine ; arabinosylcytosine ; cyclophosphamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A pharmacodynamic model is proposed and equations are developed for the quantitative analysis of dose-time-cell-survival curves produced by the administration of cell-cycle-specific chemo-therapeutic agents. The essential feature of the model is an irreversible, bimolecular mechanism of drug-receptor interaction which serves as the interface between the pharmacokinetics of the drug and the cell-cycle-cell-proliferation kinetics of the normal and neoplastic cells. A preliminary cell system which allows adequate characterization of the experimental data is a two-compartment model where cells are assumed to exist in their proliferative and nonproliferative phases. The chemotherapeutic model was used to analyze dose-time-cell-survival curves found in the literature for the effects of vincristine, vinblastine, arabinosylcytosine, and cyclophosphamide on lymphoma and hematopoietic cells in the mouse femur. Similarity in the values of the “cell-kill” constants for these drugs on the two cell types indicates that, in the cell systems studied, the proliferative state of the cells is the primary in vivodeterminant of selective chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: absorption ; amphetamine ; bioavailability ; elimination ; pharmacokinetics ; phentermine ; resin-bound drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Plasma levels of amphetamine and phentermine have been measured in man in a crossover study of the pharmacokinetics of these agents following oral administration of resin-bound and soluble salt formulations. The one-compartment open model with first-order drug absorption was fitted to the data from each subject by nonlinear regression methods and provided an excellent fit. Relative bioavailability of the two salts did not differ for either drug. In both cases the rate constant for absorption was significantly lower and less variable for the resinated compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1 (1973), S. 295-305 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: diazoxide ; pharmacokinetics ; stable-isotope dilution ; GC-mass fragmentography ; solubility ; excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A specific, sensitive, and accurate assay for diazoxide in human plasma and urine samples was developed utilizing stable-isotope dilution-GC-mass fragmentography. 3-Trideuterodiazoxide (d 3-diazoxide) served as internal standard, and diazoxide was N-methylated with diazomethane prior to GC. Plasma elimination half-lives of diazoxide ranged within 20–53 hr in four severely hypertensive patients, which did not correlate with endogenous plasma creatinine levels. A rapid infusion over 10–15 sec of an antihypertensive dose presumably resulted in a very transient precipitation of diazoxide due to its limited solubility of approximately 380 Μg/ml plasma. Urinary excretion accounted for 4–6% of the dose within 24 hr after administration in the four patients studied and totalled 19% and 22% in two patients. Renal clearance of diazoxide was below 1 ml/min on the first day following administration and increased to 2–3 ml/min on consecutive days. It was concluded that renal excretion of diazoxide is self-limited by antihypertensive doses in severely hypertensive patients. The major route of elimination in these patients may be due to metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1 (1973), S. 89-98 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: clindamycin ; clindamycin-2-palmitate ; clindamycin-2-hexadecylcarbonate ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract To determine the bioavailability of clindamycin from the microbiologically inactive clindamycin-2-palmitate and clindamycin-2-hexadecylcarbonate in man, a three-way crossover study was conducted with oral administration of the two esters and clindamycin hydrochloride. In each case, serum clindamycin bioactivity concentrations were fitted to a one-compartment open model with an initial lag time. Analysis of variance of measured quantities (serum concentrations and urinary excretion) and of derived pharmacokinetic parameters showed that for every comparison except maximum serum concentrations clindamycin-2-palmitate was not significantly different (at p=0.05) from clindamycin hydrochloride. Clindamycin-2-hexadecylcarbonate gave significantly different values from those for the hydrochloride in all cases except the rate constant and half-life for elimination from the serum. The palmitate was the superior ester and was bioequivalent to the hydrochloride in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 2 (1974), S. 347-364 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: metoprolol ; β-receptor antagonist ; pharmacokinetics ; disposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of 3H-metoprolol, a new selective β 1-receptor antagonist, have been studied in healthy volunteers by following the plasma concentrations and the urinary excretion of the unchanged compound and its total radioactive metabolites after oral and intravenous administration. The compound was rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration, and about 40% of the dose reached the systemic circulation. The estimated half-life of the absorption process was 10 min. Metoprolol was extensively distributed to extravascular tissues, with the half-life of the distribution phase close to 12 min. About 95% of the dose was excreted in the urine within 72 hr, mainly in metabolized form. The elimination halflife of the compound was close to 3 hr as was also the half-life of the total metabolites after oral administration. After intravenous administration, the elimination half-life of the metabolites was raised to 5 hr, indicating that the route of administra tion might influence the metabolic pathways of the parent compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lymph ; thermal conductivity ; temperature ; starvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The thermal conductivity coefficient of lymph in various parts of the lymphatic system was measured with microthermistors. Starvation was found to affect the thermal conductivity coefficient of lymph of the intestinal trunk and the temperature of the lymph in the thoracic duct affected its thermal conductivity coefficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 78 (1974), S. 1150-1152 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: methindione ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of the new anticonvulsant, methindione, carbon-labeled in the carbonyl and N-methyl groups, was studied in experiments on rats. Methindione is quickly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and passes easily through tissue barriers. The highest concentration of methindione in the brain is observed 15–30 min after administration. The metabolism of methindione and its elimination from the tissues take place rapidly. In most tissues only 6–23% of its maximal concentration still remains after administration of the drug. Metabolites of methindione, labeled in the carbonyl group, are excreted mainly through the kidneys, but metabolites labeled in the N-methyl group are excreted chiefly through the lungs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 78 (1974), S. 1379-1381 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: fluorouracil ; pharmacokinetics ; radiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of the concentration of radioactivity in the blood serum, organs, and urine was investigated after intravenous injection of 5-fluorouracil-2-C14 into rats. The preparation is rapidly absorbed from the blood into the tissues in which it accumulates rapidly in high concentrations and it is excreted quickly from the body. The half-elimination period of 5-fluorouracil in the blood is 15 min. It is excreted chiefly by extrarenal routes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...