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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 254 (1975), S. 600-602 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Marked elevation of the cyclic AMP content was observed only in monolayers ingesting live bacilli (Fig. 1). Minor disparities in the rates of association of the live and heat-killed bacteria with the macrophages as detected by light microscopy could not account for the difference. The increase in ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 222 (1969), S. 893-895 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have chosen to study the attachment of tumour cells to the diaphragms of hooded rats. Diaphragms were removed from normal rats and from rats carrying ascites tumour cells (WBPl) (ref. 1). Pieces were mounted on clamp stubs, peritoneum side upward, and either left unwashed or gently washed with ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 391-392 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Plasmatocyte with intracellular E. coli surrounded by large phagocytic vacuoles. Cell shows characteristic cell spreading, ruffled membranes (RM) and protoplasmic extension (P). Haemocyte'.bacteria ratio 1 :70; incubation time 30 min; phase-contrast optics. Fig. 2 Stages in attachment and ...
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Haemocyte ; Immunity ; Monoclonal antibody ; Mytilus edulis (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Monoclonal antibodies specific for haemocyte sub-populations in the mussel, Mytilus edulis, were raised by use of separated basophilic and eosinophilic cell types as antigens. The antibodies could be broadly divided into 3 groups, reactive with sub-populations of (1) basophilic granular haemocytes, (2) basophilic granular and hyaline cells and (3) eosinophilic granular cells. Non-selective antibodies staining all haemocytes were also generated. The antibodies bound to epitopes of differing molecular masses and, at the ultrastructural level, reacted principally with the granules of the haemocyte sub-populations. The antibodies were used to investigate haemocyte function and ontogeny and to test reactivity with haemocytes from mussels subject to varying degrees of pollution stress. Five antibodies showed reactivity with cells from the trochophore and veliger larvae of M. edulis, indicating that epitopes on adult mussel hae-mocytes are also present at much earlier stages in the life history. Reactivity with the larval stages was most prevalent with non-selective antibodies and those selective for basophilic haemocytes. When mussels from different sites were examined, both immunocytochemistry and ELISA showed reduced expression of a 140 kDa epitope in the haemocytes of mussels subject to greater contaminant loads. These results show that the monoclonal antibodies of the present study are valuable both in tracing immune-cell development and in detecting molecular changes under conditions of stress.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Isopod hindgut ; Histology ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Osmo-regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tubular hindgut of the intertidal herbivorous isopod, Dynamene bidentata, consists of a long dorso-ventrally flattened anterior region, surrounded by a network of muscles, and a short muscular sphincter which grades into a pair of anal flaps. The monolayer of epithelial cells forming the wall of the hindgut appears to take no part in the production of digestive enzymes, food absorption, or glycogen and lipid storage. One function of the hindgut is to propel undigested food material, enclosed within a peritrophic membrane, to the sphincter and anal flaps where faecal pellets are formed and ejected. At the fine structural level lateral plasma membranes, often partially obliterated by microtubules, are visible. The basal plasma membrane of a typical epithelial cell is deeply infolded, associated with mitochondria, and pinocytotic. The apical plasma membrane is irregularly folded, engaged in pinocytosis, and often encloses subcuticular spaces containing an acid mucopolysaccharide substance. An intima, composed of a thin double-layered epicuticle, and a thick acid mucopolysaccharide-positive endocuticle, overlies the cells. The endocuticle may selectively bind substances to the apical plasma membrane before they are engulfed by pinocytosis. The cells resemble those of osmoregulatory organs and may help counterbalance changes in the haemolymph concentration resulting from the intertidal existence of this isopod.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formation of mitochondrial-cytoplasmic complexes and their transformation into lipid droplets in the acid gland of Nasonia vitripennis is described. Electron microscopy and histochemistry show that lipid droplets are absent from acid glands in newly emerged, fed and re-fed insects. The droplets develop in the cytoplasm after varying periods of starvation and are not associated with acid phosphatase activity. The mature lipid droplets are rarely associated with intact mitochondria and are probably the residual end-product of the mitochondrial-cytoplasmic associations. The possible role of the associations in the maintenance of mitochondrial function and structure is discussed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 43-57 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oögenesis ; Hymenopteran ; Hydropic egg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Oögenesis in a braconid parasitoid Apanteles glomeratus (L.) is described and compared with that in other hymenoptera. 2. The processes are similar, except that there is no uptake of protein for yolk formation with the associated configurations in the follicle cells and the periphery of the oöcyte.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 537-549 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect haemocytes ; Classification ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simplified insect haemocyte classification has been formulated by a light microscopic examination of the haemolymph of insects from fifteen Orders. Six cell types or developmental stages can be distinguished: (1) Prohaemocytes, (2) Plasmatocytes, (3) Granular Cells, (4) Spherule Cells, (5) Cystocytes, and (6) Oenocytoids. The structure and occurrence of these haemocytes are described together with the structural variations which occur in each cell type. Due to considerable overlap in structure and the presence of numerous intermediates the six cell types may represent different developmental and/or functional stages of one basic cell type. The available evidence for this unitarian hypothesis is discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 144 (1974), S. 485-497 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: As part of program of research into insect cellular immunity, an integrated light and electron microscopic study of the hemocytes of seven members of the Order Dictyoptera has been made. In fresh hemolymph, five cell types, the prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular cells, spherule cells and cystocytes, are easilv distinguished. However, in thick Araldite sections and in thin sections in the electron microscope it is sometimes difficult to identify the various cell types. The reasons for this difficulty are discussed.Granules with a microtubular substrcture are found in the plasmatocytes, spherule cells and cystocytes. In the plasmatocytes these granules have a different ultrastructure than those in the spherule cells and cystocytes. The in vitro fragility of these granules in both the spherule cells and cystocytes during coagulation partially explains the previous confusion in distinguishing these two cell types.Evidence is presented which indicates that the plasmatocytes, granular cells and spherule cells represent a developmental series originating from the prohemocytes. Where exactly the cystocytes are derived from is unknown.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 177-203 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The venom system of Nasonia vitripennis is well-developed and composed of an unbranched acid gland and associated reservoir. Fine-structural, histochemical and electrophoretic studies indicate that the venom is produced by two protein-secreting epithelia. The bulk of the venom is synthesised in the columnar cells of the acid gland and discharged via “vesicular organelles” and the efferent ductular system into the lumen of the reservoir. The acid gland also contains squamous chitogenous cells, situated either around the central lumen or interposed between the bases of the columnar cells. Once within the reservoir, the venom is probably activated by enzymatic secretions from the reservoir secretory cells. Each of these cells has a “vesicular organelle” but, in contrast to the columnar cells of the acid gland, the cytoplasm contains a preponderance of free ribosomes, and protein segregation apparently occurs outside the Golgi complexes.The venom is expelled through the efferent discharge duct by muscular contractions, which open the duct lumen and bring it into contact with the funnel of the ovipositor. Excessive distortion of the duct is prevented by a massive ventral ligament.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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