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  • Articles  (102)
  • Volumetrie  (69)
  • kinetics
  • Springer  (102)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 1975-1979  (102)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of aqueous solvent structure on the mutarotation kinetics of glucose (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 6 (1977), S. 203-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Glucose ; kinetics ; mixed solvent ; kinetic isotope effect ; enthalpy of activation ; entropy of activation ; tetrahydrofuran ; tert-butanol ; mutarotation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The mutarotation rates of glucose in aqueous mixtures of tetrahydrofuran andtert-butanol in the mole fraction (xi) range 0〈xi〈0.2 have been measured at 5° intervals in the range 5–35°C. The kinetic deuterium isotope effects have been determined for the same solvent compositions at 25 and 35°C. A statistical analysis of the Arrhenius plots indicates that the experimental errors, although small, are too large for the establishment of any compensation behavior between ΔH
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646739
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent effects on the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetramethylurea (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 5 (1976), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Solvent effects ; tetramethylurea ; hydrolysis ; hydrogen bonding ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Tetramethylurea was hydrolyzed in aqueous hydrochloric acid at temperatures of 80, 90, and 100°C. All reactions were carried out in an excess of both tetramethylurea and water, with first-order dependence on acid concentration being observed. As the concentration of water was increased, the rate of hydrolysis decreased until equimolar amounts of water and tetramethylurea were present. Subsequent addition of water had no effect on the observed rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654333
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of acetylsalicylic acid on the renal handling of a spironolactone metabolite in healthy subjects (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Spironolactone ; acetylsalicylic acid ; fludrocortisone ; kinetics ; pharmacology ; interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of 600 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the renal excretion and clearance of canrenone, the principal unconjugated metabolite of spironolactone, was examined in a double-blind crossover study in six healthy subjects. ASA significantly reduced the urinary excretion, and the fractional excretion, of canrenone between 4 — 6 hours after administration of 50 mg spironolactone. The pharmacological activity of spironolactone, assessed simultaneously by alterations in fludrocortisone-induced urinary electrolyte changes, was slightly but not significantly reduced. The reductions in urinary canrenone excretion correlated with changes in the urinary log 10 Na/K ratio. The results suggest that canrenone may be actively secreted at the proximal renal tubule, and that secretion is blocked by ASA or its conjugates. This is a possible mechanism for the pharmacological interaction between ASA and spironolactone which has been described previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561548
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and efficacy of theophylline in the treatment of apnea in the premature newborn (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Theophylline ; kinetics ; apnea ; premature newborns ; developmental pharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) was administered to 27 premature newborns to prevent apneic spells. Of the 22 patients monitored for theophylline concentration, a therapeutic blood level was reached in 19 in 1–2 days, and 3 stayed below it. ‘Toxic’ blood levels (≥20 µg/ml) were reached in 3 cases, one of whom showed signs of toxicity. Theophylline treatment was not efficient in the prevention of apnea when a serious underlying disease was present. Theophylline blood half-life (mean : 27.0 h) and clearance (mean 12.9 ml/h/kg) confirmed the slow elimination pattern of the drug in the premature infant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609983
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissolution kinetics of small amounts of oxygen in tantalum alloy T-111 and internal oxide displacement reactions during annealing (1976)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 10 (1976), S. 291-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: tantalum alloy ; oxygen ; dissolution ; kinetics ; oxides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Oxygen was added to T-111 (Ta-8W-2Hf, wt.%) at 820 and 990°C at an oxygen pressure of about 3×10−4 Torr (4×10−2N/m2). The technique employed permitted predetermined and reproducible doping of T-111 up to 3.0 at% oxygen. Based on the temperature dependence of the doping reaction, it is concluded that the initial rates of oxygen pickup are probably controlled by solution of oxygen into the T-111 lattice. Although hafnium oxides are more stable than those of tantalum or tungsten, analyses of extracted residues indicate that the latter oxides predominate in the as-doped specimens, presumably because of the higher concentrations of tantalum and tungsten in the alloy. However, high-temperature annealing promotes gettering of dissolved oxygen and of other oxides to form hafnium oxides. Small amounts of tantalum and tungsten oxides were still present after high-temperature annealing. Tungsten oxide (WO3) volatilizes slightly from the surface of T-111 at 990°C. The vaporization of WO3 has no apparent affect on the doping reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612028
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of a double oxide layer on pure copper (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Duplex oxides ; copper oxidation ; kinetics ; oxygen partitioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The theory for the growth of a double oxide layer proposed by Yurek, Hirth, and Rapp, has been applied to copper using experimental rate-constant data obtained by Valensi. Calculated thicknesses of the layers agree very well with experimentally measured values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606399
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oxide grain structure on the high-temperature oxidation of Cr (1975)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 9 (1975), S. 459-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Cr ; oxidation ; kinetics ; Cr2O3 grain size ; short-circuit diffusion ; surface ; preparation ; Fe-Cr
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Cr was oxidized in 1 aim O2 at 980, 1090, and 1200°C. ElectropolishedCr and some orientations of etched Cr oxidize rapidly and develop compressive stress in the growing Cr2O3; other orientations oxidize slowly, apparently free of stress. SEM examination of fracture sections shows that the thick oxide is polycrystalline whereas the thin oxide on etched Cr is monocrystalline. It is deduced that the monocrystalline oxide grows by lattice diffusion of cations outward, and the polycrystalline layer by the two-way transport of cation diffusion outward and anion diffusion inward along oxide grain boundaries. The consequent formation of oxide within the body of the polycrystalline layer generates compressive stress and leads to wrinkling by plastic deformation. The activation energy for oxidation of Cr by cation lattice transport is 58 kcal/mole. Polycrystalline Cr2O3 forms on Fe-26Cr alloy, whether electropolished or etched; oxidation is accordingly rapid and accompanied by compressive stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611694
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of high-temperature oxidation of boron carbide in oxygen (1976)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 10 (1976), S. 85-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: boron carbide ; oxidation ; kinetics ; chromatography method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Thermogravimetry and gas-adsorption chromatography were used to study the kinetics of formation of solid and gaseous products during the hightemperature oxidation of compact boron carbide in oxygen at 740 Torr. Oxidation resistance was observed at temperatures up to 1200°C. The main oxidation products were B2O3 and CO2. Oxidation was paralinear; the carbon consumption exceeded the consumption of boron as compared to the ratio of these elements in the compound B4C. This difference resulted in carbon depletion of the carbide layer in the substrate near the scale〉.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614238
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Influence on the oxidation kinetics of metals by control of the structure of oxide scales (1976)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 10 (1976), S. 361-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: metals ; scale structure ; epitaxy ; kinetics ; diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An explanation of the deviation from the parabolic law is the treatment which considers both shortcircuit and lattice diffusion in the oxide scale. In this study we examine how the oxidation kinetics are influenced by changing the structure of the scale of copper oxide in order to confirm the role of short-circuit diffusion in determining the oxidation rate. In addition we explain the oxidation kinetics of copper and nickel by using a model of the scale structure which includes recrystallization and grain growth. Results are as follows: (1) The nucleation and growth behavior of oxide have a direct effect on the structure and in turn the oxidation kinetics due to short-circuit diffusion. (2) A modified treatment is valid in the region where volume diffusion and short-circuit diffusion play an important role in which it is necessary to consider the scale structure such as the grain size distribution and the boundary width. (3) When recrystallization takes place it is necessary to consider the model of a two-layered scale structure which is different in properties and morphology. (4) In this region the rate curves are S-shaped when oxide recrystallization takes place and exhibit a transition from a parabolic to an nth-power relationship (n〉2) when grain growth takes place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612048
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of tantalum in oxygen-nitrogen and oxygen-inert gas mixtures (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 225-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: tantalum ; oxidation ; high temperature ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of tantalum in oxygen-nitrogen and oxygen-inert gas mixtures at925°C has been studied. The oxygen pressure was close to 0.5 atm in all experiments, and partial pressures of the second component of from 0 to 180 Torr were employed. Spherical specimens were used to provide quantitatively significant kinetic data. A model has been proposed which suggests that the oxygen pressure at the reaction interface close to the metal surface is lower than the external pressure because of the finite permeability of the porous outer oxide layer, and that the inert gas effectively reduces the permeability. The model gives good quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606059
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of cobalt at high temperature (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 365-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: cobalt oxidation ; kinetics ; parabolic rate constant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Precise values of parabolic rate constants of cobalt oxidation have been determined over a wide range of temperature (950–1300°C) and oxygen pressure (6.58× 10−4−0.658 atm). The dependence of the calculated values of parabolic rate constants k″p on oxygen pressure and temperature can be described by the following empirical equation: $$k''_p = const. \cdot {\text{p}}_{O_2 }^{{\text{1/n}}} \cdot exp ( - {\text{E}}_{\text{k}} /RT)$$ The exponent 1/n decreases with an increase in temperature from 1/3.40 at 950°C to 1/3.96 at 1300°C, whereas the activation energy Ek decreases with an increase in the oxygen pressure from 41.7 to 38.1 kcal/mole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608018
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  • 12
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    Solid-solid reactions, I: Experimental study of barium metatitanate synthesis (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: BaTiO3 ; kinetics ; solid state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The solid-state reaction between barium carbonate and rutile powders to form barium metatitanate BaTiO3 was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, X rays, and microscopy. Phase-stability domains were drawn in a temperature— $${\text{p}}_{CO_2 } $$ , diagram. The dependence of the reaction kinetics on $${\text{p}}_{CO_2 } $$ , $${\text{p}}_{O_2 } $$ or $${\text{p}}_{N_2 } $$ is discussed. In particular, the rate continuously decreases when $${\text{p}}_{CO_2 } $$ , or $${\text{p}}_{N_2 } $$ increases, but it reaches a maximum as a function of $${\text{p}}_{O_2 } $$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00715871
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  • 13
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    High-temperature oxidation kinetics of Cu-Si alloys containing up to 4.75 wt.% Si in $$p_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ =0.01 atm and pure CO2 (1978)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Cu-Si alloys ; oxidation ; kinetics ; silica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of Cu-Si alloys (containing up to 4.75 wt. % Si) in $${\text{p}}_{O_2 } $$ =0.01 atm from 800 to 1000°C has been investigated using thermogravimetry and other techniques. A 0.04% Si alloy followed a parabolic oxidation law with a rate similar to that of pure Cu. As the Si concentration increased the rate decreased and became irregular owing to SiO2 particles or flakes at the alloy-scale interface. It is considered that sintering of SiO2 particles and rupture of the sinter because of contraction during sintering are responsible for the irregular kinetics. A SiO2 layer forms directly on the 4.75% Si alloy which oxidizes uniformly. The SiO2 was always amorphous. In pure CO2 a similar pattern of amorphous SiO2 particles, flakes, and layers occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603576
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  • 14
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    The oxidation of Fe-Cr surface and bulk alloys at 300°C (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 283-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; surface alloys ; Fe-Cr alloys ; iron ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of several surface and bulk Fe-Cr alloys and iron at 300°C and 4×10−6 Torr oxygen was studied. The surface alloys were fabricated by implantation of 25 keV Cr ions into the outermost 300Å of polycrystalline iron samples. The oxide thickness as a function of oxygen exposure was obtained using proton-excited X-ray analysis, and composition profiles of oxide films were obtained using Auger electron spectroscopy and ion sputtering. The addition of Cr to Fe by surface and bulk alloying caused the oxidation rate to decrease and changed the oxidation kinetics from parabolic (for Fe) to logarithmic (for Cr concentrations ≥4.7at.%). Interpretation of the data in terms of simple oxidation theories indicates that the Cr additions may reduce the oxidation rate by altering the electronic properties of the metal-oxide interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603672
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  • 15
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    Oxidation of Fe-C alloys at 700°C (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 255-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; Fe-C ; graphite deposition ; nonadherent oxide ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of Fe-C alloys containing 0.5 and 1.0% C was studied in 1 atm O2 at 700° C. The oxidation rate is considerably slower than for pure Fe. The oxide scale formed is detached, multilayered, and overoxidized, containing little or no FeO. A thin film of graphite was identified at the metal-oxide interface by electron diffraction. It is proposed that the slow oxidation and abnormal scale are caused by a residue of graphite left at the metal surface from the oxidation of Fe3C. This inhibition of the oxidation of Fe by carbon at 700°C is in contrast to the stimulation observed at 500°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603670
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  • 16
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    Kinetics interpretation of NiO electrical conductivity under low oxygen pressures (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: NiO ; Electrical conductivity ; gas-solid equilibria ; kinetics ; equivalent circuit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In a previous work it has been stated that the NiO electrical conductivity changes connected to the oxygen pressure changes may be considered as a transitory phenomenon. A mixed kinetics case controlled by the formation of surface cation vacancies and their diffusion in the bulk is proposed to explain the reaction process. By means of an equivalent electrical circuit in good agreement with the kinetics model it was possible to reproduce the experimental phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609302
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  • 17
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    Kinetics and mechanism of high-temperature sulfur corrosion of Fe-Cr-Al alloys (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 481-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: kinetics ; sulfidation ; Fe-Cr-Al alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of aluminium on the kinetics and mechanism of high-temperature sulfidation of Fe-Cr alloys containing 20 at.% chromium has been investigated. It has been found that the addition of aluminum greatly improves the scaling resistance of Fe-Cr alloys against attack by sulfur vapors at high temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00812774
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  • 18
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    The oxidation behavior of a Zr-0.5Y alloy (1975)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 9 (1975), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: kinetics ; zirconia ; defect structure ; ionic conductivity ; yttria dopant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A Zr-0.5 Y alloy was found to oxidize about 6 times faster than pure zirconium over the temperature range of 400 to 565°C. The activation energies were nearly identical (∼32 kcal/mole). The activation energies correspond to grain boundary diffusion of oxygen through the scale. The higher oxidation rate of the alloy was attributed to a higher anion vacancy concentration and the assumption that diffusion sites in the lattice and boundaries were in local equilibrium. Measurements on yttria-doped zirconia showed that ionic conductivity was increased markedly by yttrium and extended over a wide range of oxygen pressure. The defect structure of the doped oxide was changed to one of oxygen vacancies, even at the high end of the oxygen pressure range, 10−8 to 0.2 atm, over which pure ziconia contains oxygen interstitials. The doped oxide was found to be extrinsic over the entire range of oxygen pressure and, although ionic conductivity predominated, electronic conductivity was still appreciable. The electronic conductivity, however, was still sufficiently high so that electron transport was not rate-controlling in the predominantly ionic-conducting scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613535
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  • 19
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    High-temperature oxidation of SiC in a glow-discharge oxygen plasma (1976)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 10 (1976), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: silicon carbide ; oxidation ; molecular oxygen ; glow-discharge oxygen plasma ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation kinetics and structure of the oxide scales formed on high-density SiC were studied in molecular oxygen at 740 Torr and in a glow-discharge oxygen plasma at 0.1 Torr at temperatures of 1000, 1100, and 1200°C. The monatomic oxygen formed by the glow discharge markedly increased the reaction rate and the vaporization of some of the oxidation products. The marked differences in kinetics suggest that the rate-controlling step during oxidation in molecular oxygen is the dissociation of adsorbed diatomic oxygen to the monatomic species. Films formed in molecular oxygen were mostly amorphous SiO2 with small inclusions of SiC and graphite, whereas films formed in dissociated oxygen were primarily amorphous SiO2 containing SiO, S2O3, and the coesite form of SiO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614239
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  • 20
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    Oxidation of an Fe—19 wt. % Ni alloy in CO2 at 700–1000°C (1978)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; Fe-Ni alloys ; kinetics ; scale morphology ; EPMA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of an Fe—19.34 wt. % Ni alloy in dry CO2 has been studied at 700—1000°C using thermogravimetry, metallography, and EPMA. Weight gains for oxygen consumption followed a linear-parabolic-linear sequence at all temperatures. During the initial linear stage the scale consisted mainly of magnetite and the activation energy of 133±25 kJ · mole−1 is considered to be due to dissociation of CO2 into CO and adsorbed oxygen on the outer magnetite surface. During the parabolic oxidation stage a continuous Ni-rich layer containing ∼ 70% Ni forms a barrier to the diffusion which has an activation energy of 192±79 kJ · mole−1. The breakdown of the barrier layer causes a return to linear kinetics with an activation energy of 138±42 kJ · mole−1 for dissociation of CO2 on the outer surface. During the final linear stage there is pronounced general and intergranular subscale formation. Detailed information is presented of the Ni redistribution and concentrations during oxidation and its correlation with the kinetics and morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616097
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  • 21
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    Kinetics of the oxidation of ilmenite (1975)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 9 (1975), S. 99-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; kinetics ; ilmenite ; rutile ; pseudobrookite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of ilmenite (FeTiO3) in air and dry oxygen was investigated over the temperature interval 600 to 970°C. Dense platelets of ilmenite crystals as well as powder samples of ilmenite were oxidized. The weight data were recorded employing a thermobalance. The oxidation kinetics of ilmenite platelets were parabolic except for the initial stages during which logarithmic kinetics were observed. For powder samples the logarithmic rate law was followed primarily. The logarithmic rate law was attributed to free penetration of oxygen through cracks and short-circuit paths. The activation energies associated with the logarithmic rate law were nearly one-half of those obtained from parabolic oxidation. The growth morphology of the products of oxidation of ilmenite was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The effect of growth morphology on the kinetics is discussed, and a probable reaction mechanism is suggested for the oxidation of ilmenite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613496
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  • 22
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    A rapid method for determining parabolic rate constants of metal oxidation as a function of temperature and oxidant pressure (1975)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 9 (1975), S. 441-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: kinetics ; cobalt and nickel oxidation ; parabolic rate constant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new fast method is proposed for the determination of parabolic rate constants of metal oxidation as a function of pressure and temperature. The method consists of determining rate constants by oxidation of a single metal sample in a continuous manner, periodically changing the oxidant pressure or temperature. This method eliminates a number of errors inherent in the classical method which involves the use of a new metal specimen in each experiment and it further shortens the time of evaluating the functions k p '' = f (p, T). The method is particularly suitable for the determination of rate constants of slow processes. To verify the proposed method measurements of the kinetics of oxidation of cobalt and nickel at different oxygen pressures over the temperature range 1000–1300° C were carried out.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611692
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  • 23
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    Theoretical study of heterogeneous reaction kinetics: A comparison between microcalorimetric and thermogravimetric curves (1976)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 10 (1976), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: kinetics ; oxidation ; microcalorimetry ; thermogravimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In the kinetic theories of Bodenstein or Semenov the expression for the rate of a chemical reaction with several elementary stages can be expressed by different physical parameters. If two experimental methods are used, one method of necessity being microcalorimetry to measure the thermal flux produced by the reaction, it is possible to distinguish a pure kinetics case from a mixed one. The two-method technique has been verified by a study of the oxidation of niobium.
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    The interaction of titanium and titanium alloys with nitrogen at elevated temperatures. I. The kinetics and mechanism of the titanium-nitrogen reaction (1976)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 10 (1976), S. 41-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: titanium ; nitridation ; kinetics ; diffusion ; scaling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The nitridation behavior of titanium has been examined in an atmosphere of nitrogen over the temperature range 900–1000° C. In addition to determining the reaction kinetics, microhardness and metallographic studies have been carried out on the nitrided substrates and nitride scales. Overall parabolic kinetics were exhibited, while a linear scaling reaction (associated principally with Ti2N formation) was observed. Extensive dissolution of nitrogen in the substrate was evident from the microhardness studies, and at 950 and 1000° C the growth of the nitrogen-stabilized αTi phase layer followed a parabolic law. Consideration of all the observed processes and derived data suggested that diffusion of nitrogen in the metal substrate was probably the rate-controlling mechanism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611698
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    Studies of the kinetics of nickel sulfidation in H2S-H2 mixtures in the temperature range 450–600°C (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 263-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: nickel ; sulfidation ; kinetics ; mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction between pure nickel and H2S-H2 mixtures containing 1–65% H2S has been studied over the temperature range 450–600°C. The sulfidation of nickel in the temperature range 560–600°C has been found to follow a linear rate law at low concentrations of H2S and a parabolic rate law at higher concentrations (10% and 65% H2S); X-ray examination of the scale formed on the metal showed it to be almost entirely β-Ni3S2. On the basis of the kinetics and marker studies it can be concluded that the sulfide scale on nickel is formed by the outward transport of the metal and the inward transport of sulfur. In the temperature range 450–500°C the sulfidation of nickel follows a parabolic rate law. In mixtures containing 10% H2S the scale formed contains voids, the occurrence of which is connected with formation of Ni7S6. It has also been shown that the rate of transport through the Ni3S2 layer has an essential influence on the formation of a continuous layer of Ni7S6. Marker studies have shown that both nickel and sulfur appear to be mobile in β′-Ni3S2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606061
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    Oxidation of Fe-C alloys at 500°C (1978)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; Fe-C ; kinetics ; oxide grain size ; grain-boundary diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Fe-C alloys containing 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% C were oxidized in 1 atm O2 at 500°C. Two specimen preparations were used: annealed followed by slow cooling to form coarse pearlite plus proeutectoid ferrite or cementite; and cold-worked by abrading after annealing. The cold-worked alloys oxidize more rapidly. Annealed pearlite oxidizes faster than annealed ferrite. The differences in oxidation rate are caused by differences in the Fe3O4 grain size, that is, by the number of oxide grain boundaries available to act as easy diffusion paths for the outward diffusion of Fe through the Fe3O4. The oxidation rate constant is 10 times larger for fine-grained poly crystalline oxide than for oxide in which the Fe3O4 is monocrystalline.
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    Low-temperature oxidation of Fe-24 wt.%Cr (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 437-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Fe-Cr ; oxidation ; kinetics ; oxide morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ferritic polycrystalline Fe-24 wt.% Cr was oxidized in pure oxygen at 190 ≤ T≤490° C and pressures in the range 5.3×10−2–13.3 Pa for periods of up to 5 hr. The reaction proceeded in three stages. An initial period of accelerating rate was accompanied by oxide island nucleation and growth. Following island coalescence the rate was approximately logarithmic at low temperatures and somewhat slower than parabolic at high temperatures. Rate control during this period was thought to be due to mass transport through the oxide grain boundaries left by the island impingement process. During these first two stages the oxide formed was γ-M2O3 with possibly some spinel. The final stage of reaction involved the appearance of α-M2O3 on the outer oxide surface and a substantial slowing of the oxidation rate due to the low diffusivity in this phase.
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    Solid-solid reactions, II: Mechanism of barium metatitanate synthesis (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 89-104 
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    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: BaTiO3 ; kinetics ; solid state ; mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The authors propose a mechanism for the solid-solid reaction BaCO3+ TiO2→BaTiO3+CO2. This mechanism is based on the real structure of the present semiconductors. The reactions at different interfaces and the diffusing species are identified. The reaction rates are calculated and the dependence of the reaction rate upon O2, N2, and CO2 gas pressure is interpreted and discussed.
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    Oxidation of high-chromium Ni-Cr alloys (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 119-158 
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    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: nickel-chromium alloys ; oxidation ; high temperature ; kinetics ; mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of binary Ni-Cr alloys containing 44 and 50 wt. % Cr has been studied over a range of oxygen partial pressures at temperatures between 800 and 1100°C. The effects of cold work, surface preparation, and distribution of the Cr-rich second phase have been studied. The oxidation behavior is complex and cannot be described by a single model. The oxide grows by short-circuit diffusion as well as bulk transport through Cr 2 O 3 scales. The scale-growth mechanism includes extensive metal-oxide separation requiring Cr vapor transport to the scale, compressive stresses within the oxide which result in scale bulging and cracking, and the formation of a second oxide layer which results in voids being incorporated into the scale. Any factor which reduces the oxide grain size, such as cold work, finer distribution of the Cr-rich α phase or reduced oxygen pressure, results in an increased oxidation rate of binary alloys because of an increased number of grain-boundary short-circuit diffusion paths.
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    Diphenyl thiovioluric acid: A new extractive indicator for iron(II) (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 206-206 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen(II) mit Diphenylthioviolursäure als Indicator ; Volumetrie ; EDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424113
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    Beiträge zur titrimetrischen Bestimmung von dimeren Hydroxyaldehyden (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 276 (1975), S. 201-204 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Glykolaldehyd, Glycerinaldehyd, Hydroxyaldehyden ; Volumetrie ; Dimere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Möglichkeiten für die titrimetrische Bestimmung von dimerem Glykolaldehyd (Fp: 94–96° C) und dl-Glycerinaldehyd (Fp: 138–141° C) untersucht. Die systematischen Fehler der auf Grund verschiedener funktioneller Gruppen durchführbaren Messungen sind von der Stabilität ihrer cyclischen Halbacetale sowie von den ihrer Depolymerisation folgenden weiteren Gleichgewichten bestimmt. Das aus dem dl-Glycerinaldehyd gebildete Halbacetal besitzt höhere Stabilität als dasjenige aus dem Glykolaldehyd. Mit der Hydrogensulfit-Methode werden 95–96%, mit der Hydroxylamin-Methode dagegen 98–99% vom wahren Wert gefunden. In Wasser gelöst zersetzt sich der Glykolaldehyd verhältnismäßig rasch, und das Gleichgewicht kann durch beide Aldehydreaktionen quantitativ gegen die Monomerenform verschoben werden. Unsere Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die Hydroxylamin-Methode zur Bestimmung der in Form cyclischer Halbacetale kristallisierenden, dimeren Hydroxyaldehyde Vorteile gegenüber der Hydrogensulfit-Methode bietet.
    Notes: Abstract Possibilities for the titrimetric determination of dimeric glycolaldehyde (m.p. 94–96° C) and dl-glyceraldehyde (m.p. 138–141° C) have been investigated. The systematic errors based on different functional groups depend on the stability of the cyclic semiacetals and on the subsequent equilibria established after their depolimerisation. The semiacetal of dl-glyceraldehyde is more stable than that of glycolaldehyde. 95–96% and 98–99% of the real content were found by the hydrogensulphite and hydroxylamine methods, respectively. Glycolaldehyde decomposes rather quickly in aqueous solution and the equilibrium can be shifted towards the monomeric form by both the aldehyde reactions. The hydroxylamine method proved to be more advantageous for the determination of the dimeric hydroxyaldehydes, which cristallise in the form of cyclic semiacetals.
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    Titrimetric determination of mercaptans with trivalent cobalt (1976)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 128-128 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Mercaptanen mit Kobalt(III) ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432575
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    Assay of mixtures of hydrazine and other nitrogen bases by thermometric titrimetry (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 280 (1976), S. 373-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Hydrazin, Ammoniak, Anilin, Hydroxylamin, Thiocyanat, Dimethylhydrazin im Gemisch ; Volumetrie ; thermometrisch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Binary mixtures of hydrazine and one of the following N-containing bases: ammonia, aniline, hydroxylamine, thiocyanate and unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine have been assayed thermometrically. The titrations are based both on the basic and the reducing properties of the compounds. For example, whilst for mixtures of hydrazine and ammonia, the total base content is determined by an acid/base titration, and the hydrazine component is determined by oxidation with bromate ion; for mixtures containing aniline or hydroxylamine, serial titration with bromate ensures that all the hydrazine is oxidised before the onset of oxidation of the other component. Mixtures of hydrazine and UDMH have been assayed in both aqueous and non-aqueous media and a comparison of results has been reported. The main advantage of the proposed methods is that they can be applied to industrial samples, which would render other methods impossible.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Binäre Mischungen von Hydrazin mit Ammoniak, Anilin, Hydroxylamin, Thiocyanat und asymmetrischem Dimethylhydrazin wurden thermometrisch analysiert. Sowohl die basischen als auch die reduzierenden Eigenschaften des Hydrazins bilden die Grundlage der Titrationen. Zum Beispiel wird im Gemisch Hydrazin/Ammoniak der Gesamtbasengehalt acidimetrisch ermittelt und die Hydrazinkomponente durch Oxydation mit Bromat bestimmt. Im Gemisch Anilin/Hydrazin oder Hydroxylamin/Hydrazin wird mit Bromat zunächst alles Hydrazin oxydiert, bevor die Oxydation der zweiten Komponente einsetzt. Mischungen von Hydrazin mit asym. Dimethylhydrazin werden in wäßrigem und auch in nichtwäßrigem Medium ausgeführt und die Ergebnisse verglichen. Der Hauptvorteil der beschriebenen Verfahren besteht darin, daß auch industrielle Proben untersucht werden können, bei denen andere Verfahren versagen würden.
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    Titrimetric determinations of cryptands and cryptates (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 358-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best von Kryptanden, Kryptaten ; Volumetrie ; HCl, Metall-Standardlösung, Standardzugabeverfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Using bromocresol green as a visual endpoint indicator solutions of the cryptands [2.2.1] and [2.2.2] can be determined by titration with HCl in the concentration range of 10−1–10−3 M with relative standard deviations of 0.2–0.4 %. If both cryptand and cryptate are present in one solution, then the sum of them can be determined titrimetrically in the same way. It is also possible to determine the contents of [2.2.1] and [2.2.2] by using a calcium or barium standard solution and the unknown cryptand solution as a titrant. By evaluation of the pH-curve thus obtained, the endpoint of the titration can be determined. In the concentration range of 10−1–10−2 M relative standard deviations of about 0.5% are obtained. [2.2.1] cryptand solutions are determined by using the standard addition technique of Gran with a calcium chloride solution. An ion-selective electrode is used as a probe for calcium ions. If this method is applied, the relative standard deviation in the range of 10−2–10−4 M solutions is approximately 3%. With this technique cryptand can be analysed even when cryptate is present in the solution.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Verwendung von Bromkresolgrün als visueller Endpunktindicator kann man [2.2.1] und [2.2.2] Kryptandlösungen im Konzentrationsbereich 10−1–10−3 M mit relativen Standardabweichungen von 0,2–0,4% mit HCl titrieren. Wenn in einer Lösung sowohl Kryptand als auch Kryptat vorhanden ist, ist die Summe beider Substanzen auf die gleiche Weise bestimmbar. [2.2.1] und [2.2.2] können auch dadurch bestimmt werden, daß eine Calciumbzw. Barium-Standardlösung mit der Kryptandlösung unbekannter Konzentration titriert wird. Die Auswertung der dabei erhaltenen pH-Kurve ergibt den Titrationsendpunkt, wobei hierdurch im Konzentrationsbereich von 10−1–10−2 M Kryptandlösungen relative Standardabweichungen von etwa 0,5% erreicht werden. [2.2.1] Kryptandlösungen werden außerdem mit der Standard-Additionstechnik nach Gran bestimmt, wobei eine calciumselektive Elektrode als Indicatorelektrode dient. Dabei werden im Konzentrationsbereich von 10−2–10−4 M relative Standardabweichungen von etwa 3 % erhalten. Diese Methode kann auch überschüssigen Kryptand neben Kryptat bestimmen.
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    Titrimetry in a continuous flow system (1978)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 413-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Sulfat in Umweltmaterial ; Volumetrie ; Durchflußsystem, Dimethylsulfonazo als Indicator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00471465
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    Über die Zusammensetzung des (1∶2)-Bor-Curcumin-Chelates »Rosocyanin« (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 269-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Untersuchungen an Bor-Curcumin-Chelaten ; Thermodifferentialanalyse ; Volumetrie ; DMSO
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481491
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    Bestimmung von Wasserspuren in Chlorcyan durch Karl-Fischer-Titration (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 380-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Wasser in Chlorcyan ; Volumetrie ; Karl Fischer, Ethylenglykol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Wasserspuren in verflüssigtem Chlorcyan beschrieben. Nach Hinzufügen von Chlorcyan zu Ethylenglykol wird das Chlorcyan durch Verdampfen entfernt. Das durch das Ethylenglykol zurückgehaltene Wasser wird mit Karl-Fischer-Lösung titriert. Die Standardabweichungen sind im Bereich von 0,004–0,007 (0,1–0,4 g H2O/100 ml ClCN).
    Notes: Summary A description is given of a method for determining traces of water in liquefied cyanogen chloride. Following the addition to ethylene glycol, cyanogen chloride is removed by evaporation. The water retained by ethylene glycol is then titrated by Karl-Fischer solution. Standard deviations are in the range of 0.004–0.007 (0.1–0.4 g H2O/100 ml ClCN).
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    Delafield's haematoxylin as a new indicator in the nitritometric determination of aromatic primary amines (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 414-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen, aromat. primäre ; Volumetrie ; Nitrit, Hämatoxylin als Indicator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Titrimetry in continuous flow systems (1979)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 155-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. der Alkalität von Umweltmaterial ; Volumetrie ; Durchflußsystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00521658
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    Zur Anwendung der magnetischen Titration (1978)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 39-41 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nickel, Jodid ; Volumetrie ; magnetisch, Meßanordnung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine einfache Meßanordnung für die magnetische Titration wird vorgestellt. Anhand der Umsetzung von [Ni(NH3)6]2+ mit CN− und von J− mit Cr2O7 2− wird gezeigt, daß sich dieses Meßverfahren unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen in der quantitativen Analyse einsetzen läßt. Zur Auswertung der Titrationskurven wird eine Auftragung der Kraft im Magnetfeld gegen das reziproke Gesamtvolumen vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Summary A simple measuring equipment for magnetic titration is described. On the basis of the reaction of [Ni(NH3)6]2+ with CN− and J− with Cr2O7 2− it is shown that under certain conditions this method is useful in quantitative analysis. For evaluation of the titration curves, a plot of the force in the magnetic field against the reciprocal of the total volume is proposed.
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    Vollautomatische titrimetrische Einzelanalyse in der Praxis (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Volumetrie ; Einzelproben, automatisches Analysengerät
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Voraussetzungen einer effektiven Automation der individuellen titrimetrischen Analyse werden dargestellt. Ein nach diesen Gesichtspunkten entwickeltes Gerät wird beschrieben und seine Anwendung in den Gebieten der Farbstoffe, Agrochemikalien, Additiven und Pharmaka aufgezeigt.
    Notes: Summary Criteria for effective automation of individual titrimetric analyses are presented. Based on these, an automatic titration system has been developed which is described. Its performance and its applicability in the field of dyestuffs, agrochemicals, additives and pharmaceuticals has been investigated.
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    Volumetric determination of strontium in strontium ferrites (1979)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 159-159 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Strontium in Strontiumferriten ; Volumetrie ; Ausfällung bzw. Maskierung von Eisen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483598
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    Quantitative Mikrobestimmung von Chlorid (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 43-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Chlorid ; Volumetrie ; Dithizon, AgCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470049
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    Direct oxidimetric determination of indigo with vanadate (1979)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 159-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Indigo und Vanadat ; Volumetrie ; photometr. Endpunkt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00521663
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    Zerstörungsfreie Ultramikroanalyse archäologischer Fundstücke (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Bronze in archäolog. Material ; Volumetrie ; Korundstäbchen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Fortsetzung einer früheren Arbeit über Kupfer und Messing wird in dieser Mitteilung die Zinnbestimmung in Abstrichen beschrieben. Metazinnsäure wird durch Filtration mit Hilfe eines besonderen Gerätes abgetrennt, zu SnS2 umgesetzt, in HCl gelöst und die Sn-Bestimmung wird dann durch Rücktitration eines EDTA-Überschusses mit Zinksulfat durchgeführt.
    Notes: Summary In continuation of an earlier paper on copper and brass this communication describes the determination of tin in streak samples. Metastannic acid is isolated by filtration using a specially designed apparatus. It is converted to SnS2, dissolved in HCl and Sn is determined by back-titration of excess EDTA with zink sulphate.
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    Direct volumetric determination of sulphonamides by bromination with N-bromosuccinimide (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 277 (1975), S. 125-125 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Sulfonamiden mit N-Bromsuccinimid ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00602083
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    Field method for the volumetric determination of fluoride in water using SPADNS and thorium nitrate (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 277 (1975), S. 207-207 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Fluorid in Wasser ; Volumetrie ; SPADNS und Thoriumnitrat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00462241
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    Bestimmung von Mikromengen Kobalt als Pyrrolidindithiocarbaminat unter Verwendung der Reaktion von Jod mit Natriumazid (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 160-160 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt mit Pyrrolidindithiocarbaminat ; Volumetrie ; Jod-Azid-Reaktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495183
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    A critical examination of the salicylaldehyde method for the determination of primary amines in the presence of secondary amines (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 396-399 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen mit Salicylaldeyd ; Volumetrie ; primäre, sekundäre, krit. Untersuchung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The salicylaldehyde method for the differentiation of primary and secondary amines in mixtures has been critically evaluated. This method yields best results in acetonitrile. In mixtures of amines one can expect high results for the primary amine with correspondingly low results for the secondary amine. Corrections can be made with known mixtures of the amines.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Salicylaldehydverfahren zur Unterscheidung primärer und sekundärer Amine im Gemisch wurde kritisch bewertet. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden in Acetonitril erhalten. In Gemischen sind für primäre Amine zu hohe und für sekundäre entsprechend zu niedrige Werte zu erwarten. Mit Hilfe bekannter Mischungen können Korrekturen durchgeführt werden.
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    Computer simulation of sulfobromophthalein kinetics in the rat using flow-limited models with extrapolation to man (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 3 (1975), S. 277-290 
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    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: sulfobromophthalein (BSP) ; kinetics ; BSP disposition ; mathematical model ; flow-limited
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A linear, flow-limited mathematical model of drug kinetics was used to simulate total sulfobromophthalein (BSP) kinetics in normal anesthetized rats during intravenous infusions and following rapid intravenous injections. Four parameters were used to characterize the distribution and biliary and urinary excretion of BSP: liver- to- plasma concentration ratio, extrahepatic tissue- to- plasma concentration ratio, liver clearance rate constant, and renal plasma clearance rate constant. The same parameters appear to characterize the kinetics of BSP in man through the successful application of “scale- up” techniques utilizing data from experiments in rats. Plasma levels of BSP corresponding to intravenous infusions and rapid intravenous injections in man are approximated by computer simulation.
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    Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in normal healthy volunteers (1977)
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    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 183-192 
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    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: propranolol ; kinetics ; volunteers ; bioavailability ; threshold dose
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of propranolol in blood was studied in healthy volunteers, following intravenous administration of 0.1 mg/kg and increasing oral doses of 10,20, and 40 mg, using a specific and sensitive gas Chromatographie method. The systemic availability of orally administered propranolol varied from 9% to 38% between subjects, but it was constant within each subject. A linear relationship was found between the area under the blood concentration-time curve and the oral dose. At variance with literature data, we could not observe a threshold dose.
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    Probenecid inhibition of methotrexate excretion from cerebrospinal fluid in dogs (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 389-397 
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    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: probenecid ; methotrexate ; cerebrospinal fluid ; kinetics ; interaction ; dogs ; choroid plexus ; intrathecal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Probenecid is known to inhibit the renal excretion of methotrexate (MTX) and the transport of organic anions by the choroid plexus of the brain. The effect of probenecid on the CSF clearance of MTX given by the intrathecal route was examined in anesthetized dogs. Plasma and CSF MTX levels were measured following intrathecal injection of 0.4 mg/kg MTX, with and without pretreatment with probenecid. In the absence of probenecid, the peak plasma MTX concentration of 3.18×10−7±1.09×10−7 M (mean±SD) was reached 5 hr after intrathecal injection. With probenecid pretreatment, the mean peak plasma MTX concentration was lower (2.09×10−7+-0.98×10−7 M) and plasma disappearance was prolonged. A biexponential decay of CSF MTX levels was observed over the duration of sampling. The half-life of the second exponential phase was 21 hr without probenecid pretreatment and was longer after probenecid pretreatment. These results provide strong evidence that probenecid inhibits transfer of MTX from CSF to plasma following intrathecal injection.
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    Time-dependent kinetics. V: Time course of drug levels during enzyme induction (one-compartment model) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 7 (1979), S. 557-578 
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    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: kinetics ; enzyme induction ; drug interaction
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Equations were derived to describe the time course of drug levels during auto- and heteroinduction under a variety of input conditions. These equations were based on a pharmacokinetic theory of induction which assumes that metabolic clearance increases exponentially to a maximum value and that the rate of this increase is governed by the degradation rate constant of the induced enzyme (k′). Closed form solutions could be obtained only for intravenous single-dose (case I) and multiple-dose (case IV) administration. For each of the other cases, constant-rate intravenous infusion (case III), oral single-dose administration (case II), and multiple-dose administration (case V), an exact solution (not closed form) and an approximation (closed form) were derived. Two sets of equations were derived for each of the five cases to take into consideration the possibility of a latency term (λ).Plots of drug amount X(or concentration C) vs. time (t) were constructed. In case I, a log Xvs. tplot was convex, the slope increasing with time. In case II, Xincreased,reached a peak, and decayed as in case I. In case III (λ 〉 5In 2V/Q) Creached a preinduction steady state before decreasing to a lower (induced) steady state. When λ=0, Creached a maximum before decreasing to the same induced steady state. The behavior of Cvs. tfor cases IV and V was similar to that for case III. Determination of parameters was attempted in case III. Nonlinear least-square fitting of generated data with 3–9% error yielded reasonable estimates of k′.
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    Potentiometric and visual titration of trivalent cerium with potassium permanganate (1976)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 364-364 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Cer(III) mit Permanganat ; Volumetrie ; potent., visuell
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00531102
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    Titration of thiol groups with cupric ion (1976)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 367-367 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Thiolen ; Volumetrie ; Kupfer(II)
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00531105
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    On the automatic sub-milligram determination of carbon and hydrogen. VIII (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 273 (1975), S. 109-111 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff in organ. Substanzen ; Volumetrie ; Proben von 30–300 μg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The carbon- and hydrogen determination in 0.2–2 mg of organic sample, in which an automated titrimetric finish and a conversion of water into carbon dioxide was employed, was made suitable for samples of 30–300 μg. No radical changes in the apparatus are necessary. The time of an analysis is about 15 min or less. The standard deviation calculated from 20 analyses of sucrose is for C and H 0.23% abs. and 0.17% abs., resp.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kohlenstoff- und Wasserstoffbestimmung in Proben von 0,2–2 mg, bei der die Verbrennungsprodukte Kohlendioxid und Wasser (nach Konversion in Kohlendioxid) titimetrisch bestimmt werden, wurde mit kleinen Abänderungen derselben Apparatur zur Bestimmung in Proben von 30–300 μg angepaßt. Die Analysendauer bleibt beschränkt auf 15 min oder weniger. Die Standardabweichung, errechnet aus 20 Analysen von Saccharose, beträgt ür C bzw. H 0,23% bzw. 0,17% abs.
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    Komplexometrische Cäsiumbestimmung als Cäsium-Magnesium-Hexacyanoferrat(II) (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 273 (1975), S. 288-288 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Cäsium als Cs-Mg-Cyanoferrat(II) ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00459838
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    On the determination of traces of hydrazine by oxidation with potassium permanganate (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 29-29 
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    Keywords: Best. von Hydrazin ; Volumetrie ; Oxidation mit KMnO4
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440293
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    Complexometric determination of iron in marble and allied materials (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 30-30 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen in Marmor ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Volumetric determination of mercaptans and xanthates with N-bromosuccinimide (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 126-126 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Mercaptanen, Xanthogenaten, Disulfiden, organ ; Volumetrie ; N-Bromsuccinimid als Reagens
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00527989
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    Tropolone as an extractive indicator in the EDTA titration of cobalt (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 304-304 
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    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt mit Tropolon ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424257
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    Note on the non-aqueous oxidimetric determination of some water insoluble metal xanthates and dithiocarbamates (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 383-383 
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    Keywords: Best. von Xanthaten, Dithiocarbamaten ; Volumetrie ; oxidimetr., wasserunlösl
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    Note on the determination of traces of sodium nitrite by oxidation with potassium dichromate (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 204-204 
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    Keywords: Best. von Nitrit ; Volumetrie ; Oxidation mit Dichromat
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    Über die dilatometrisch indizierten Titrationen (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 275-279 
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    Keywords: Bindung von Alkalien durch ÄDTA ; Volumetrie ; dilatometrischer Endpunkt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe dilatometrischer Titrationen wird der komplexe Einbau von Alkaliionen in das ÄDTA-Chelatsystem verfolgt. Die Auswertung der Titrationskurven erlaubt einerseits die Angabe der pK-Werte für die einzelnen Komplexe, andererseits die Berechnung des Hydrathüllenvolumens der Alkaliionen. Außerdem kann gezeigt werden, daß Li- und Na-Ionen, sofern sie sich im Überschuß befinden, mit ÄDTA Ionenpaare bilden.
    Notes: Abstract The incorporation of alkali ions into the EDTA chelate system is followed by the dilatometric titration method. Evaluation of the titration curves permits, on one hand, the determination of the pK values for the individual complexes and, on the other hand, it allows the calculation of the volume of hydration sphere. Moreover, it can be shown that Li and Na ions, so long they are present in excess, form ion pairs with EDTA.
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    Volumetric determination of thioureas and mercaptans with phenyl iodosoacetate (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 287-287 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Thioharnstoffen, Mercaptanen mit Phenyljodosoacetat ; Volumetrie
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Rapid complexometric method for the determination of Pb and Sn in “white metal” alloys (Pb-Sb-Sn) (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 287-287 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Blei, Zinn in Wei\metall-Legierungen ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
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    Microdetermination of aromatic nitro compounds by reduction with iron(II) in alkaline medium (1976)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 280 (1976), S. 30-30 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nitroverbindungen, aromat. ; Volumetrie ; Reduktion mit Fe(II)
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Komplexometrische Titrationen mit bifunktioneller ÄDTA/NaOH-Maßlösung und elektrochemischer Indikation mit der Glaselektrode (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 23-28 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Metallionen ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA, alkalimetrische Methode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren konnte eine Weiterentwicklung der alkalimetrischen Methode bei komplexometrischen Bestimmungen erzielt werden, wobei nach einer Vorneutralisation mit nur einer Titration die Bestimmung ausgeführt werden kann. Durch die einfache und exakte Indikation mit der Glaselektrode, verbunden mit einer übersichtlichen Arbeitstechnik, ergibt sich eine weitgehend universelle Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens auf viele komplexometrische Bestimmungen. Die pH-Einstellung bei der Vorneutralisation ist unkritisch und belastet den Arbeitsgang kaum. Der Einfluß puffernder Substanzen kann durch gezielte Arbeitstechnik weitgehend unterdrückt werden. Die Methode wurde zur Bestimmung von Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg(II), Mg, Mn(II), Ni, Pb und Zn angewendet. Die relative Standardabweichung liegt zwischen ±0,2 und ±0,5%.
    Notes: Abstract The above mentioned procedure achieved a further development of the alkalimetric method in complexometric analysis, a determination being carried out after a preliminary neutralization with only one titration. With the help of the simple and exact indication by a glass electrode in connection with a clear manipulation a fairly universal applicability of the method for many complexometric analyses is attained. The preliminary neutralization is uncritical and does not complicate the work. The influence of buffering is to a great extend reduced by a special working technique. The method was used for the determination of Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg(II), Mg, Mn(II), Ni, Pb and Zn. The relative standard deviation is within the range of ±0.2 to 0.5%.
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    Die Sicherheit der Ergebnisse im Falle von linearen physikalisch-chemischen Titrationskurven. Das Vertrauensintervall des Äquivalenzpunktes (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 45-46 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Volumetrie ; Äquivalenzvolumen, Äquivalenzpunkt, Sicherheitsintervall
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Simple volumetric analysis of Cu(II) with thioglycollic acid (1976)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 217-217 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kupfer(II) mit Thioglykolsäure ; Volumetrie
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564065
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    Oxazine dyes as new redox indicators in cerate oxidimetry (1977)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 301-301 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Verw. von Oxazinfarbstoffen als Indicatoren ; Volumetrie ; Cerat
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437552
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    Glyoxal-bis-(2-hydroxyanil) as indicator for complexometric titrations of cobalt(II), nickel(II), manganese(II) and silver(I) (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 284 (1977), S. 43-43 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt(II), Nickel(II), Mangan(II), Silber(I) mit ÄDTA ; Volumetrie ; Glyoxal-bis-(2-hydroxyanil) als Indicator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Determination of sodium thiosulphate with N-bromosuccinimide using bordeaux red as indicator (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 284 (1977), S. 43-43 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Natriumthiosulfat mit Bromsuccinimid ; Volumetrie ; Bordeauxrot als Indicator
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Azine dyes as new indicators in the bromatometric determination of arsenic(III) (1977)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 125-125 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Arsen(III) mit Azinfarbstoffen als Indicatoren ; Volumetrie ; Bromat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Komplexometrische Bestimmung von Gallium und Gadolinium in GaGd Granat Kristallen (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 126-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Gallium, Gadolinium in Granaten ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573713
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    Tropolone: A new extractive indicator for the determination of iron(III) (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen(III) mit Tropolon als Indicator ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482553
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    Zerstörungsfreie Ultramikroanalyse archäologischer Fundstücke (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 36-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Kupfer, Messing in Archäolog. Material ; Volumetrie ; Dithizon, Korundstäbchen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit — die die erste einer Reihe von mikroanalytisch-archäometrischen Veröffentlichungen ist — wurde der Versuch unternommen, die Vorzüge der Dithizonmethode mit denen der Korundstäbchentechnik zu einem für die speziellen Anforderungen der Archäometrie optimalen, durch geringsten Probenbedarf (ca. 100 μg) praktisch zerstörungsfrei arbeitenden Gesamtanalysenverfahren zu vereinen. Mit dieser Methode (hier für Kupfer und Messing) ist es möglich, auch eine große Anzahl von Proben an Ort und Stelle — etwa in Museen, aber auch im freien Felde — zu entnehmen, ohne das oft wertvolle Artefakt zu beschädigen. Die bei genügender Genauigkeit durchgeführte Gesamtananalyse erübrigt eine Einwaage. Ebenso erlaubt die Methode infolge ihrer raschen und zerstörungsfreien Arbeitsweise erstmals die Ausführung echter Serienanalysen interessierender Objekte und damit eine statistisch sinnvolle Auswertung.
    Notes: Summary In the present paper — which is the first in a series of microanalytical and archaeometrical publications — an attempt has been made to combine the advantages of the dithizone method with those of the corundum rodlet technique into a procedure for complete analysis (copper and brass in this communication), best suited to the requirements of archaeometry by practically avoiding damage through minimal sample weights (∼ 100 μg). By this method it is possible, too, to take even a great number of samples on site, e.g. in a museum but also in the field without affecting the artifact of frequently considerable value. Complete analysis of sufficient accuracy replaces weighing of the sample. As a consequence of its rapid performance without damage the method equally enables real series of analyses of interesting objects to be carried out for the first time, thus permitting statistically significant evaluation.
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    Determination of sulphur in pyrite by combustion (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 300-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Schwefel in Pyrit ; Volumetrie ; Verbrennung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493703
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    Komplexometrische Bestimmungen als Säure-Base-Titrationen (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 276 (1975), S. 189-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Metallionen ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA, alkalimetr. Methode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die in der Komplexometrie zur Bestimmung von einigen Metallionen angewandte alkalimetrische Titration, die auf der Bestimmung der bei der Bildung von ÄDTE-Metallkomplexen freiwerdenden H+ beruht, wurde unter Anwendung der Glaselektrode weiterentwickelt. Durch die Weiterentwicklung konnte eine bequemere Arbeitsweise mit einfacher Indikation bei großer Genauigkeit erzielt werden. Die Methode ist für ungepufferte Lösungen von Cd, Co, Cu, Mn(II), Pb und Zn anwendbar. Hg und Ca müssen in 50% äthanolischer Lösung titriert werden. Die relative Standardabweichung beträgt ca. ± 0,3%.
    Notes: Abstract The EDTA-titration for the determination of various metal ions by alkalimetry (based on the determination of H+ set free during the formation of EDTA-metal complexes) was further developed by using the glass electrode. With the improved method it was possible to make the determination more comfortable with a simple indication and a good accuracy. It is suitable for unbuffered solutions of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn(II), Pb and Zn. Hg and Ca must be titrated in 50% ethanolic solution. The relative standard deviation is approximately ± 0.3%.
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    Bestimmung von freiem Formaldehyd und N-Methylol-Formaldehyd in Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Kondensaten (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Formaldehyd, N-Methylol-Formaldehyd in Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Kondensaten, Formaldehyd-Harnstoff-Kondensaten ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Weiterentwicklung von Leimharzen auf Basis von Harnstoff und Formaldehyd sowie die erhöhten Anforderungen des Marktes bedingen immer genauere analytische Prüfungen der Produkte. Es wurden bekannte Bestimmungsmethoden modifiziert und exakte Prüfvorschriften erarbeitet mit dem Ziel, auch zwischen verschiedenen Me\stellen genaue Analysenergebnisse zu gewährleisten. Für die Bestimmung von freiem Formaldehyd der Grö\enordnung von ca. 0,2–0,4% neben ca. 20% N-Methylol-Formaldehyd in wä\rigen Leimharzlösungen der Molverhältnisse Harnstoff zu Formaldehyd von 1 ∶ 1,4 – 1 ∶ 1,8 wurde die Methode von De Jong überprüft und modifiziert. Man erhält Analysenwerte mit einer Standardabweichung von ±0,01%. Die Einflüsse der einzelnen Parameter, wie Lösungsmittel, Auflösezeit im Lösemittel, pH-Wert und Reaktionstemperatur sowie die Umsetzungsdauer von Sulfit mit dem freien Formaldehyd werden beschrieben. Für die Bestimmung des N-Methylol-Formaldehyds in wä\rigen Harzlösungen der Molverhältnisse Harnstoff zu Formaldehyd gleich 1∶1,4–1∶1,8 wurden die Methoden von De Jong („Jodmethode“) und Pfeil und Schrodt („Cyanidmethode“) überarbeitet. Beide Methoden liefern übereinstimmende Analysenwerte, aber unterschiedliche Fehlergrenzen: Standardabweichung für die Jodmethode ±0,07% und für die Cyanidmethode ±0,30%. Bei der genaueren Jodmethode wird die Abhängigkeit der Analysenwerte vom Jodüberschu\, von der Umsetzungszeit und der Umsetzungstemperatur beschrieben. Sie hat den Vorteil, als Routineanalysenmethode besser geeignet zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract The further development of glues based on urea and formaldehyde and the increased market requirements necessitate more and more analyses of the products. Well-known methods were modified and exact test specifications were worked out in order to ensure that the results of different laboratories can be compared with one another. The De Jong method for determining free formaldehyde of the order 0.2–0.4% in addition to approximately 20% N-methylolformaldehyde in aqueous glue solutions in which the molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde is 1∶1.4–1∶1.8 was investigated and modified. Analysis values with a standard deviation of ±0.01% can be obtained. The influence of the individual parameters, such as solvent, dissolving time in solvent, pH, temperature, and the duration of reaction of sulphite with free formaldehyde is dealt with in detail. The two methods of De Jong (“iodine method”) and Pfeil and Schrodt (“cyanide method”) for determining N-methylolformaldehyde in aqueous glue solutions in which the molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde is 1∶1.4–1∶1.8 were improved. The two methods yield the same analysis values but different limits of error: standard deviation ±0.07% for the iodine method, and ±0.30% for the cyanide method. The influence of excess iodine, the duration of reaction and the temperature on the analysis values of the more accurate iodine method is discussed. The iodine method is more suitable for routine analyses.
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    Jodometrische Titration von Perbromat (Bestimmung von BrO 4 − und BrO 3 − nebeneinander) (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 123-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Perbromat, Bromat ; Volumetrie ; jodometrische Titration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung BrO 4 − wird in schwach alkalischer Lösung (pH 7–9) bei Siedehitze mit Jodid zu BrO 3 − reduziert. Ein Arsenitüberschuß wird zugegeben, um die Ausscheidung von Jod in der heißen Lösung zu verhindern. Durch Rücktitration des Arsenits mit einer eingestellten Jodlösung wird der BrO 4 − -Gehalt bestimmt. Das gesamte BrO 3 − in der Lösung wird anschließend nach ansäuern und Zusatz von KJ mit Thiosulfat titriert. Aus den beiden Titrationen läßt sich der ursprüngliche Gehalt an Bromat in der Probe ermitteln. Die Bestimmungen sind einfach und sehr genau. Es wird auch eine Methode zur direkten Analyse von BrO 3 − neben BrO 4 − angegeben.
    Notes: Abstract Perbromate is reduced to bromate by iodide in weakly alkaline solution (pH 7–9) at 100° C. The formation of iodine in the hot solution is prevented by addition of an excess of arsenite, which is finally titrated with a I2-solution for the determination of BrO 4 − . The total BrO 3 − content is then determinated by titration of the acidified solution with thiosulphate. From both titrations the initial content of BrO 3 − is obtained. Both methods are simple and accurate. A direct method for the determination of BrO 3 − in solutions containing BrO 4 − is also described.
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    Cu(II)-thiomalic acid complex as an indicator in the volumetric determination of La(III) and Ce(III) (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Lanthan(III), Cer(III) ; Volumetrie ; EDTA, Cu-Malatkomplex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443781
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    Complexometric estimation of rare earths with copper-thioglycollate (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 219-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Seltenen Erden mit ÄDTA ; Volumetrie ; Kupferthioglykolat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564068
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    Komplexometrische Titrationen mit bifunktioneller ÄDTA/NaOH-Maßlösung und elektrochemischer Indikation mit der Glaselektrode (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Metallionen ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA, alkalimetrische Methode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit der weiterentwickelten alkalimetrisch-komplexometrischen Methode können auch selektive Bestimmungen und Trennungen von Metallionen durchgeführt werden. Zur Anwendung kommen Fällungs- und Maskierungsmittel (K2CrO4, KJ, NaF, NH4CNS u.a.) und Titrationen bei verschiedenen pH-Werten. Nach einer Vorneutralisation wird die Bestimmung potentiometrisch mit einem Titrigraphen oder pH-Meter gegen die Glaselektrode durchgeführt. Die relative Standardabweichung liegt meist zwischen ±0,3 und ±0.5%.
    Notes: Abstract With the further development of the alkalimetric-complexometric method the accomplishment of selective determinations and separations of metal ions has become possible. Masking agents (K2CrO4, KI, NaF, NH4CNS and others) and titrations under different pH values are being applied. After a preliminary neutralization the determination is carried out potentiometrically with the aid of a titrigraph or pH-meter and the glass electrode. The relative standard deviation is mostly between ±0.3% and ±0.5%.
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    Determination of oxygen stoichiometry in mixed Mn(III)/Cr(III)-oxides (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 363-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Sauerstoff in Mangan-Chrom-Oxiden, Chrom-Mangan-Oxiden ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The method and experiences with the determination of oxygen Stoichiometry in mixed manganesechromium sesquioxides are described. The decomposition is carried out in sealed glass tubes in hydrochloric acid in presence of a ferro-ferric system. The oxydation state of the analysed materials is determined by titration of Fe2+ ions with a solution of cerium salt, ferroin being used as indicator.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden ein Verfahren sowie Erfahrungen mit der Bestimmung des Sauerstoffüberschusses in Mangan(III)/Chrom(III)-Mischoxiden beschrieben. Die Proben werden in zugeschmolzenen Ampullen mit SalzsÄure in Gegenwart von Eisen(II/III)-ionen aufgelöst. Sauerstoffüberschu\ wird durch Titration von Fe(II) mit Cer(IV)-salz in Gegenwart von Ferroin als Indicator bestimmt.
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    Volumetric determination of iron(III) with trimetathiophosphoimine acid (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 284 (1977), S. 205-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen(III) mit Trimetathiophosphoiminsäure ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00592232
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    The use of a gold-containing membrane for ion-sensitive electrodes and their application in analysing systems (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 284 (1977), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Chlorid ; Volumetrie ; kontinuierliche Titration im Probenstrom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary As an example of an automatic continuous monitoring device a chloride titrator is described. A sample stream is mixed with a varying titrant stream (AgNO3). The flow of the titrant stream is controlled by the difference between a set point signal and an actual signal (Ag+-ion activity). The signal is measured with an ion-sensitive flow-through electrode. The liquid stream is forced through the electrodes by a motor driven spinning brush with its hairs implanted in a screw-like form. Any maintenance during a two weeks period was redundant. The linearity was in the range of 10–100 ppm Cl− better than 1% rel.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Als Beispiel eines kontinuierlich messenden, automatischen Geräts wird ein Chlorid-Titrator beschrieben. Hierbei wird der Probenstrom mit einem variablen Titrantstrom (AgNO3) gemischt. Die Titrantmenge pro Sekunde wird aus der Differenz zwischen einem Sollwert und einem Signalwert (Ag+-Ionen-Aktivität) bestimmt, der mittels einer Durchfluß-Elektrode gemessen wird. Der Flüssigkeitsstrom wird mit Hilfe einer von einem Motor gedrehten Bürste mit schraubenförmig eingesetzten Haaren durch die Elektroden getrieben. Während einer Zeit von 2 Wochen war eine Wartung unnötig. Die Linearität war im Bereich von 10–100 ppm Cl− besser als 1% rel.
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    Determination of xanthates with o-iodosobenzoate or tetrathionate and of thiols with bromine chloride (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 263-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Xanthaten mit Jodosylbenzoat, Tetrathionat ; Volumetrie Best. von Thiolen mit Bromchlorid ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453584
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    Titrimetric determination of organic derivatives of dithiocarbonic acid and carbon disulphide by interhalogens (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 260-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Dithiokohlensäurederivaten, Schwefelkohlenstoffderivaten mit Interhalogenverbindungen ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453581
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    Ferroin as indicator in the dichrometric determination of thiourea (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 247-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Thioharnstoff mit Ferroin ; Volumetrie ; Dichromat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01155599
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    Mikrotitration von Chlorid in Schweiß und anderen biologischen Flüssigkeiten mit Quecksilber(II)-nitrat (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 252-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Chlorid in Schweiß, Biolog. Flüssigkeiten ; Volumetrie ; Hg(II)-nitrat, Diphenylcarbazon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01155607
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    Quantitative Hydroxyl- und H2O-Bestimmungsmethode für Minerale, Gesteine und andere Festkörper (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 287 (1977), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Wasser, Hydroxyl in Mineralien, Gesteinen ; Volumetrie ; Karl Fischer, Pyrolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur schnellen Bestimmung von Hydroxyl und H2O in Mineralien und Gesteinen wurden die Proben 15 min (Gesamtbestimmungszeit) in einem Induktionsofen pyrolysiert. Das freigewordene Wasser wurde in einem Titrierbecher aufgefangen und nach der Dead-Stop-Methode mit einem Karl Fischer-Titrator austitriert. Die Analysen von vier internationalen Referenzproben des USGS zeigen eine relative Standardabweichung von weniger als ±0,90%. Z.B. wurde für den Granit G-2 0,67 Gew.-% H2O-Gesamt-Gehalt und eine relative Standardabweichung von ±0,60% gefunden (nach Flanagan [4], 1973, beträgt der H2O-Gesamt-Gehalt des Granits G-2, 0,66 Gew.-%).
    Notes: Summary For rapid determination, samples of minerals and rocks were pyrolyzed in an induction furnace for 15 min. During the interval generated water was continuously collected in a titration beaker and determined by the dead-stop method using a Karl Fischer titrator. The analyses of four international reference samples of the United States Geological Survey showed a relative standard deviation of less than ±0.90%. Granite G-2, for example, shows a total H2O content of 0.67 wt.% with a standard deviation of ±0.60%. Flanagan [4] 1973, reported a total H2O content of G-2 of 0.66 wt.%.
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    Beurteilung bekannter und Entwicklung neuer Analysenverfahren für Eisenschwamm (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 288 (1977), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Eisenschwamm ; Volumetrie ; Brom-Methanol-, Eisenchlorid-Methode, Thermoanalyse, Reduktion mit Wasserstoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei den meisten Eisenschwammproben liefern die Brom-Methanol-Methode (10 min, 20° C) und die Eisen(III)-chlorid-Methode zur Bestimmung des metallischen Eisens übereinstimmende und abgesicherte Werte. Bei „kritischen“ Proben, die offensichtlich einen speziellen mineralogischen Aufbau aufweisen, liegt das Brom-Methanol-Verfahren zu niedrig; auch das Eisen(III)-chlorid-Verfahren liefert nur Näherungswerte. Bei carbidreichen Proben liefert das FeCl3-Verfahren zu niedrige Ergebnisse. Mit einer neuen, schnell durchführbaren photometrischen Variante des Brom-Methanol-Verfahrens wurde bei 70–90% metallischem Eisen eine Standardabweichung 〈 0,20% Femet, erzielt; sie ist in der Genauigkeit den konventionellen Titrier-Verfahren ebenbürtig. Eine versuchsweise Bestimmung des an Eisen gebundenen Sauerstoffs als Maß für den Reduktionszustand erfolgte durch selektive Reduktion mit Wasserstoff und Infrarotmessung des gebildeten Wasserdampfes. An zwei Puroferproben wurden 2,40 bzw. 2,04% OFe bestimmt; die errechneten Werte nach den bisherigen Methoden betragen 2,30 bzw. 2,12% OFe.
    Notes: Summary With most of the sponge iron samples the bromine/methanol (10 min, 20°C) and the ferric chloride methods provide very reliable results for the determination of metallic iron. In case of critical samples having a special composition, the bromine/methanol procedure yields too low results and the ferric method provides approximate values only. In case of carbide-rich mixtures, the ferric chloride method shows rather low values. With a new quick photometric modification of the Br2/methanol technique a standard deviation of 〈 0.20% Femet is obtained for 70–90% of metalic Fe, what is well comparable to the conventional titration method. The experimental determination of O2 bound to Fe as a measure for the reduction state is performed by selective reduction with H2 and measuring the infrared spectra of the formed water vapours. In case of two Purofer mixtures 2.40 resp. 2.04% OFe were determined, the calculated values according to the previous methods amounting to 2.30 resp. 2.12% OFe.
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    The non-aqueous titration of benzotrifuroxan (BTF) (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 44-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Benzotrifuroxan ; Volumetrie ; nichtwäßr. Lösung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary BTF can be titrated potentiometrically as an acid with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in DMF, DMSO, acetone, pyridine, or TMG. The solvent of choice is DMF which yields the steepest titration curve and the lowest standard deviation. The equivalent weight of BTF is dependent on the solvent used, indicating a strong interaction with the solvent. In DMF the equivalent weight of BTF is 151.3, corresponding to 1.67 equivalents per mole.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung F kann potentiometrisch als Säure mit Tetrabutylammoniumhydroxid in Dimethylformamid, Dimethylsulfoxid, Aceton, Pyridin oder Tetramethylguanidin titriert werden. Dimethylformamid ist am vorteilhaftesten, da es die steilste Titrationskurve und die niedrigste Standardabweichung (0,43%) bietet. Das Äquivalentgewicht von BTF hängt von dem gewählten Lösungsmittel ab. Dies deutet auf eine beträchtliche Wechselwirkung mit dem Lösungsmittel hin. In Dimethylformamid beträgt das Äquivalentgewicht 151,3, entsprechend 1,67 Äquivalenten pro Mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00449239
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  • 95
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    Note on the potentiometric titration of some acid triphenylmethane dyes in non-aqueous solvents (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 207-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Triphenylmethanfarbstoffen ; Volumetrie ; nichtwäßrig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440273
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  • 96
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    Tropolone as an extractive indicator in EDTA titrations of copper in alloys (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 208-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kupfer in Legierungen ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440275
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  • 97
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    Microdetermination of hexacyanoferrate(II) with iodine using an amplification reaction (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 368-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Hexacyanoferrat(II) mit Jod ; Volumetrie ; Vervielfachung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439730
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  • 98
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    Korrektur des Temperatureinflusses bei volumetrischen Arbeiten (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 315-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Volumetrie ; Korrektur des Temperatureinflusses, Eichung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470135
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  • 99
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    Bifunktionelle Titrationen von Metallionen mit Komplexbildnern gegen die Glaselektrode (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Metallionen, Kupferlegierungen, Nickellegierungen, Zinklegierungen ; Volumetrie ; DCyTE (CDTA), Glas-Elektrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Komplexometrische Titrationen mit DCyTE/NaOH (CDTA/NaOH)-Maßlösungen können gegen die Glaselektrode indiziert werden. Im Anschluß an frühere Mitteilungen werden neue Einzelbestimmungen und Trennungen von Metallionen beschrieben. Eine Arbeitsvorschrift zur Untersuchung von Cu-Ni-Zn-Legierungen wird gegeben. Die relative Standardabweichung liegt meist zwischen ±0,2 % und ±0,6%
    Notes: Summary Complexometric titrations with DCyTE/NaOH (CDTA/NaOH) standard solutions can be indicated with the glass electrode. In continuation of previous works, new single determinations and separations of metal ions has become possible. A procedure for the determination of Cu-Ni-Zn alloys is described. The relative standard deviation is mostly between ±0.2% and ±0.6%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491948
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  • 100
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    α-Benzoylamino-pyridine as a highly selective extractive indicator for the complexometric copper determination (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 410-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kupfer ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA, α-Benzoylamino-pyridin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00468537
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