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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 15 (1976), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The standard distribution of the fatty acids in the total lipids of serum was gaschromatographically defined in the respective umbilical cord blood of 24 mothers and their newborn babies, as well as in 20 placentas. The same examinations were made with 30 newborn babies on the day of birth, 14 children in the newborn stage, 22 young babies between 3 and 10 weeks old and 16 older babies between 4 and 12 months old. In the umbilical cord mixed blood of another collective (n=10) the separation of the total serum lipids in the individual fatty fractions (neutral lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol esters) was also undertaken. The results were compared and existing differences were discussed. It was further established that an advance towards the adult's fatty acid pattern already takes place at an age between 4 and 12 months.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 24 Gebärenden, dem zugehörigen Nabelschnurmischblut der Neugeborenen und 20 Plazenten wurde die Normverteilung der Fettsäuren in den Gesamtlipiden des Serums gaschromatographisch bestimmt. Die gleichen Untersuchungen wurden an 30 Neugeborenen am 1. Lebenstag, 14 Kindern im Neugeborenenalter, 22 jungen Säuglingen zwischen 3 und 10 Wochen alt und 16 älteren Säuglingen zwischen 4 und 12 Monaten alt durchgeführt. Außerdem wurde im Nabelschnurmischblut eines anderen Kollektivs (n=10) die Auftrennung der Serumgesamtlipide in die einzelnen Fettfraktionen (Neutralfett, Phosphatide, Cholesterinester) vorgenommen. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse wurden miteinander verglichen und bestehende Unterschiede diskutiert. Es wurde außerdem festgestellt, daß eine Annäherung an das Fettsäuremuster des Erwachsenen schon im Alter von 4 bis 12 Monaten stattfindet.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkungsweise von echtem bzw. natürlichem Vitamin C und Carotin auf die Eisenresorption im Darm untersucht. Vitamin C bewirkte eine leichte Steigerung der Eisenresorption, während Carotin diese behinderte. Orangen-, Petersilien- und Pfeffersaft, sämtlich reich an beiden Vitaminen, behinderten in verschiedenem Maße die Eisenresorption im Darm. Es wird daher empfohlen, Patienten mit Eisenmangel nicht mit carotinreicher Nahrung zu versorgen, besonders nicht während der Eisentherapie.
    Notes: Summary The effect of vitamin C and carotene derived from authentic or natural sources on intestinal iron absorption was studied. Vitamin C caused slight enhancement to iron absorption, while carotene hindered it. The three juices tested, namely orange, parsley and pepper, which were found to be rich in these two vitamins, hindered intestinal iron absorption to different extents. It was recommended that patients suffering from iron deficiency are not supplied with nutrients rich in carotene particulary during iron therapy.
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  • 4
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    European journal of nutrition 15 (1976), S. 396-402 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 48 different dishes enriched withlupinus albus flour have been tested by 20 persons. The test duration has been 4 weeks. Meals and products with lupine admixtures have been judged equally with concern to corresponding conventional dishes. Farinaceous products had the best test results. Therefore, it is recommended for Peru to add lupine flour when producing bread, biscuits, sauces, soups, and noodles (maccaronis etc.). The test time had no influence to the test results.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 20 Prüfpersonen beurteilten über vier Wochen 48 verschiedene Speisen, die mit dem Mehl vonLupinus albus angereichert wurden. Die Speisen und Produkte mit Lupinenzusatz wurden mit der korrespondierenden konventionellen Speise geschmacklich gleich bewertet. Besonders günstig liegen die Teigwaren in der Beurteilung. Es empfiehlt sich zukünftig in Peru, einen Lupinenzusatz in Brot, Kekse, Soßen, Suppen und Nudeln einzuarbeiten. Ein zeitlicher Einfluß auf die Beurteilung fand nicht statt.
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  • 5
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    European journal of nutrition 15 (1976), S. 403-405 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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  • 6
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    European journal of nutrition 15 (1976), S. 406-406 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Lupinus albus flour doses of 58.9±9.6 g have been given to 20 persons. This sweet lupine flour has been digestible without complications in all cases. There have been no significant changes of hemoglobine, hematocrite, total protein, urea, bilirubine, and SGOT in the blood. So the lupine may be used for improvement of protein supply in men under the criteria that (1) the alkaloid content of the seed does not exceed 0.02%, (2) the seed itself contains no secondary fungi which may cause a lupinosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 20 Personen erhielten über vier Wochen 58,9±9,6 g Mehl vonLupinus albus. Alle Personen vertrugen das Süßlupinenmehl gut. Es konnten keine nennenswerten Veränderungen von Hämoglobin, Hämatokrit, Gesamtprotein, Harnstoff, Bilirubin und SGOT im Blut festgestellt werden. Die Lupine kann mit zur Eiweißversorgung in der menschlichen Ernährung beitragen, wenn sichergestellt ist, daß 1. der Alkaloidgehalt im Samen nicht über 0,02 % liegt und 2. der Samen frei von Sekundärpilzen ist, die eine Lupinose bewirken können.
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  • 8
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 18-21 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of feeding an irradiated diet on the activities of some blood serum enzymes in rats have been studied. This study revealed some significant changes of SGOT due to sex differences. The results obtained failed to show any significant changes in the enzyme activities of SGPT and serum LDH neither in relation to sex nor to the irradiation doses studied.
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  • 9
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 12-17 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of vitamin C or carotene either from authentic or natural sources on absorption of lysine, glycine and methionine was evaluated. Results revealed that maximum absorption of these amino acids was reached at different intervals from the orally given dose. Addition of ascorbic acid enhanced amino acid absorption and this effect was maximum in case of methionine. Carotene brought about variable effect to the three amino acids tested. Pepper, parsley, or orange juices did not affect the extent of intestinal lysine absorption. Pepper juice enhanced absorption of methionine in contrast to orange and parsley. Glycine absorption was markedly enhanced by addition of orange juice. Ascorbic acid suppelementation to dietary constituents is recommended for better utilization of proteins.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study, diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of dithizone. In dithizonised diabetic animals, the levels of serum zinc, iron, and potassium were found to be higher than normal, while those of serum calcium and sodium were lower. Copper and magnesium levels were unchanged. After treatment with insulin, most of these serum levels approached the normal, except for serum potassium and magnesium.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A field study about the nutritional status was made in school classes with boys 6 to 19 years old in different regions of Saudi-Arabia. It is reported about 341 pupils in regard to weight, height, skinfold-thickness, circumferences and other body-size measurements. In comparison with anthropometric measurements of comparable surveys in other countries, the Saudi-Arabian school boys were found to be smaller and leaner than boys from the USA, Europe, other Arabian countries and well-to-do Indian boys.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In verschiedenen Gebieten Saudi-Arabiens wurden anthropometrische Untersuchungen an 6- bis 19jährigen Schülern innerhalb einer Studie zur Bestimmung des Ernährungsstatus und der Ermittlung der Nährstoffzufuhr vorgenommen. Gemessen wurden Körpergewicht, Körperlänge, Hautfaltendicken an Bizeps, Trizeps, Subskapula und Abdomen sowie die Umfänge an Oberarm, Bauch und Wade. Mit Hilfe dieser Daten wurden dann Körperoberfläche, Grundumsatz und Körperzusammensetzung berechnet. Bei einer Gegenüberstellung dieser Ergebnisse mit Meßwerten aus Erhebungen in anderen Ländern zeigt sich, daß die Werte der saudi-arabischen Probanden weit unter denen vergleichbarer Altersgruppen aus den USA und Europa und unter denen aus arabischen Ländern und Indien mit Ausnahme von indischen Jungen aus armen sozio-ökonomischen Schichten liegen.
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  • 12
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A number of 21 diabetic juveniles and 20 controls comprised the material of this study. Serum total proteins and their electrophoretic separated fractions were estimated. Serum free amino acids were also investigated. Results showed that serum proteins were within normal range. An average increase of 49.5% in total free amino acids was reported. In general, the data for all the detected amino acids showed an average increase when compared with normal values. The significance of these findings in relation to the normal values were discussed.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of carbon disulphide intoxication on amino acid pattern was studied. Five groups of rats were treated with carbon disulphide through intramuscular injection of 0.05 ml CS2 in 0.2 ml olive oil/rat/day. A number of rats were sacrified after receiving 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 injections. As a result of intoxication, a state of hypoaminoacidemia and hyperaminoacidurea affected all the amino acids investigated, but to variable extent. Of value to add that stoppage of carbon disulphide leads to improvement of the amino-acid pattern in group six, compared to the other groups.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In alloxan diabetes, serum zinc, copper, iron and magnesium were significantly higher than in normal rats, while the level of serum calcium, sodium, and potassium was lower than normal. Treatment with daonil or insulin led to a normalization, as expected of the level of serum glucose and most of the other elements, except for iron and potassium. When lycanol was used for treatment, the level of all elements returned to the normal except for blood glucose, zinc and potassium.
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  • 16
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 72-72 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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  • 17
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Twenty patients, divided in two groups to ten were undergoing a fasting period for 14 days. One group received 80 mEq potassium per day. Despite of identical loss of body-weight, the application of potassium showed the following advantages: 1) The body is able to keep acid-base-balance. 2) The important loss of potassium, induced by starvation can be reduced to a minimum.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Je 2mal 10 Patienten wurden einer 14tägigen Fastenperiode unterzogen, wobei einer Gruppe zusätzlich 80 mval Kalium verabreicht wurden. Bei identischer Gewichtsabnahme in beiden Gruppen kommt es unter Kaliumzulage zu einer Zunahme der Natriumausscheidung auf das Dreifache und einer Verminderung der Kaliumausscheidung um 1/3.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Under the effect of carbon-disulphide intoxication on the experimental animals, a significant decrease in serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels was observed. The decrease was aggravated with prolongation of carbon disulphide intoxication due to loss of appetite, formation of chelating compounds with carbon disulphide metabolites and increased loss of copper in urine. However, reinvestigated at 20 days after stoppage of dosage, most of these derangements started to be alleviated.
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  • 19
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 92-97 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The thermal inactivation of lipase out of Geotrichum candidum and of lipoxigenase out of soybeans was investigated in phosphate buffer solution. Comparable to peroxidase, a sharp bend was observed in the inactivation curves of both enzymes. The z-value of 19 °C for lipase out of Geotrichum candidum was higher than the values indicated in the pertinent literature for pancreas lipase and milk lipase. The z-value for soy lipoxigenase was found to be 9.8 °C.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die thermische Inaktivierung von Lipase aus Geotrichum candidum und von Lipoxigenase aus Sojabohnen wurde in Phosphatpufferlösung untersucht. Ähnlich wie bei Peroxidase wurde ein Knickpunkt bei den Inaktivierungskurven beider Enzyme beobachtet. Dabei ergab Lipase aus Geotrichum candidum einen z-Wert von 19 °C, der größer war als die in der Literatur angegebenen Werte für Pankreaslipase und Milchlipase. Für die Sojalipoxigenase wurde ein z-Wert von 9,8 °C ermittelt.
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  • 20
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 81-91 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The thermal inactivation and storage behaviour for horseradish and spinach peroxidases were investigated in defined systems, in spinach also within its natural environment. The inactivation curves of either enzyme show a sharp bend which is clearly visible at low, but not at higher temperatures. The D-values were taken from the inactivation curves. z-values resulting from the D-values were 25.5 °C for horseradish peroxidase, 13 °C for isolated peroxidase and 18 °C for peroxidase in spinach extract. Horseradish peroxidase was relatively heat-resistent at pH 6.0, spinach peroxidase at pH 5.0–6.0; both enzymes were found to be highly susceptible to heat at pH 4.0. Peroxidase isolated from spinach responded differently to heating than the enzyme in spinach extract or suspension. This discrepancy indicates that certain model experiments cannot be transferred to foods. Heated peroxidase from horseradish and spinach were found to regenerate during storage; the extent of regeneration depended on the pH.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die thermische Inaktivierung und das Lagerungsverhalten von Peroxidase aus Meerrettich und Spinat wurden in definierten Systemen, bei Spinat auch innerhalb des natürlichen Verbandes, untersucht. Die Inaktivierungskurven wiesen bei beiden Enzymen einen Knickpunkt auf, der bei niedrigen Temperaturen deutlich, bei höheren Temperaturen dagegen nicht mehr erkennbar war. Aus den Inaktivierungskurven wurdenD-Werte ermittelt, aus denen sich z-Werte von 25,5 °C für Meerrettich-Peroxidase, von 13 °C für isolierte Peroxidase und von 18 °C für Peroxidase im Spinatextrakt ergaben. Meerrettich-Peroxidase war bei pH 6,0 und Spinat-Peroxidase zwischen pH 5,0 und 6,0 besonders hitzeresistent; bei pH 4,0 waren beide sehr hitzelabil. Die aus Spinat isolierte Peroxidase verhielt sich beim Erhitzen anders als das Enzym in Spinat-Extrakt oder -Suspension. Die beobachtete Diskrepanz deutet die Nichtübertragbarkeit gewisser Modelluntersuchungen auf Lebensmittel an. Erhitzte Peroxidasen aus Meerrettich und Spinat zeigten eine Regenerierung während der Lagerung, die vom pH-Wert abhängig war.
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  • 21
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 107-114 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The thermal reaction of a lipid-acyl-hydrolase which seems to be important for the quality preservation of vegetable foods, was investigated in spinach. The authors applied a simple in-situ method using thin-layer chromatography which had been developed for the enzyme determination, to follow the thermal inactivation of the lipid-acyl-hydrolase by measuring the decomposition of lecithine, mono- und digalactosyl diglycerides. According to the incactivation curves, the enzyme is relatively little resistant to heat. Since the D- and z-values resulting from the inactivation curves for phospholipase, mono- and digalactolipase activities are almost the same, it can be assumed that the lipid-acyl-hydrolase is a multi-function enzyme in spinach.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das thermische Verhalten einer Lipid-Acyl-Hydrolase, die für die Qualitätserhaltung pflanzlicher Lebensmittel wichtig erscheint, wurde im Falle von Spinat näher untersucht. Zur Enzymbestimmung wurde eine einfache dünnschichtchromatographische „In situ“-Methode entwickelt und mit deren Hilfe die thermische Inaktivierung der Lipid-Acyl-Hydrolase durch Messung des Abbaus von Lecithin, Mono- und Digalaktosyldiglycerid verfolgt. Nach Ausweis der Inaktivierungskurven besitzt das Enzym eine relativ geringe Hitzestabilität. Da die aus den Inaktivierungskurven für Phospholipase-, Mono- und Digalaktolipase-Aktivitäten ermittelten D- und z-Werte nahezu gleich sind, wird angenommen, daß die Lipid-Acyl-Hydrolase im Spinat ein multifunktionelles Enzym ist.
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  • 22
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 98-106 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The influence of milieu factors on the thermal inactivation of peroxidase and lipoxigenase was investigated. Cationogenic, anionogenic, non-ionogenic and amphoteric tensides were more or less effective in inactivating horseradish peroxidase. Most effective in this respect were lecithine and monoglyceride, both capable of swelling in water. In presence of lecithine, peroxidase was inactivated already at 0 °C and pH 4.0. Linoleic acid was more efficient in an oxygen stream than in presence of nitrogen, in a stream of nitrogen its influence was comparable to oleic acid. This suggests an additional effect by lipid peroxides which are formed of linoleic acid under the heating process. Tensides prevented the regeneration of the heated peroxidase. In the case of lipoxigenase, the authors investigated the influence of lecithine and various fatty acids on the thermal inactivation at 60 ° and pH 7.0. Lecithine accelerated the inactivation less distinctly than with peroxidase. The accelerated the inactivation less distinctly than with peroxidase. The accelerating effect of the fatty acids decreased in the order oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid and stearic acid.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Milieufaktoren auf die thermische Inaktivierung von Peroxidase und Lipoxigenase wurde untersucht. Kationogene, anionogene, nichtionogene und amphotere Tenside hatten einen mehr oder weniger großen Effekt auf die Inaktivierung der Meerrettich-Peroxidase. Dabei wirkten die in Wasser quellenden Stoffe Lecithin und Monoglycerid am stärksten. Peroxidase wurde in Anwesenheit von Lecithin schon bei 0 °C und pH 4,0 stark inaktiviert. Linolsäure hatte im Sauerstoffstrom einen größeren Einfluß auf die Peroxidaseinaktivierung als in Anwesenheit von Stickstoff, im Stickstoffstrom aber einen ähnlichen Einfluß wie Ölsäure. Daraus ist auf einen zusätzlichen Effekt von Lipidperoxiden zu schließen, die während der Erhitzung aus Linolsäure entstehen. Die Regenerierung der erhitzten Peroxidase wurde durch die Anwesenheit von Tensiden verhindert. Im Falle der Lipoxigenase wurde der Einfluß des Lecithins und verschiedener Fettsäuren auf die thermische Inaktivierung bei 60 °C und pH 7 untersucht. Lecithin beschleunigte die Inaktivierung weniger stark, als dies bei Peroxidase der Fall war. Die beschleunigende Wirkung der Fettsäuren nahm in der Reihenfolge Ölsäure, Linolsäure, Palmitinsäure, Myristinsäure, Stearinsäure ab.
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  • 23
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 115-119 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mongolische Gerbils bilden Cholesterolgallensteine, wenn sie mit einer Diät gefüttert werden, der Cholesterol und Cholinsäure zugefügt sind. Die Veränderung der Gallenzusammensetzung, die die Gallensteinbildung begleitet, besteht aus einer Steigerung der Cholesterolfraktion auf Kosten der Gallensäurefraktion der Summe von Gallensäuren und -lipiden. Die fünf Tiermodelle für Gallensteinbildung, über welche man jetzt zuverlässige Auskünfte hat, wurden verglichen. Alle fünf Modelle zeigten dieselbe Veränderung. Die Phospholipidfraktion zeigte eine Tendenz zu höheren Werten. In allen fünf Tiermodellen sank die Gallensäuren-/Phospholipid-Quote, wenn Gallensteine sich entwickelten.
    Notes: Summary Mongolian gerbils form cholesterol gallstones when fed with chow supplemented with cholesterol and cholic acid. The change in bile composition accompanying gallstone formation was found to consist of an increase of the cholesterol fraction at the expense of the bile acid fraction of the total sum of bile acids and lipids. The five animals models for gallstone formation on which reliable information regarding bile composition is now available, were compared. A similar change was found in all five models while the phospholipid fraction showed a tendency to higher values. In all five models the bile acid/phospholipid ratio decreases when gallstones are induced.
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  • 24
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Under the effect of carbon-disulfide intoxication on serum levels of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium of albino rats, five groups of rats were injected with daily doses of carbon disulfide over a period of 50 days. The extent of regression of the developed biochemical derangement was also studied. A significant decrease was observed in the levels of serum zinc, iron, calcium, and magnesium, while a slight elevation in the level of serum potassium. No definite correlation could be found between the level of serum sodium in control and carbon-disulfide intoxicated rats. By stoppage of dosage at 20 days, most of these derangements started to be normal.
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  • 25
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    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 158-162 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vitamin content, namely vitamin C, carotene, riboflavin and nicotinic acid, of some popular vegetables and fruits was determined. It was found that the green parts of the plants were the most rich in these four vitamins. Trigonella foenum-graecum (Helba) was the richest of all vegetables and fruits in vitamin C (207 mg%). Scandicium stellatum (Shabat contains the highest value for carotene (57.3 mg%). Solanum tuberosum (Batatis) was the richest in riboflavin (0.3 mg%) and Pisum sativum (Busselah) in niacin (1.8 mg%).
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  • 26
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    European journal of nutrition 17 (1978), S. 124-127 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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  • 27
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    European journal of nutrition 17 (1978), S. 129-139 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Since most of the drugs are taken orally via the gastrointestinal tract, interactions with food ingredients may lead to alterations in the intake of essential dietary factors. With regard to vitamins the following effects have been demonstrated: early decomposition resp. inactivation, decreased absorption or a qualitatively and quantitatively modified metabolism. Examples of such changes are given with regard to water- and lipid-soluble vitamins.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Arzneimittel werden meistens peroral, d. h. über den Magen-Darm-Kanal, zugeführt. Damit besteht die Möglichkeit einer Interaktion mit Nahrungsinhaltsstoffen, die aber dann bedeutsam sein dürfte, wenn essentielle Nahrungsfaktoren wie z. B. Vitamine betroffen sind. Für die Vitamine können sich dann folgende Auswirkungen ergeben: eine vorzeitige Zerstörung bzw. Inaktivierung, eine gehemmte Resorption aus dem Magen-Darm-Kanal oder eine quantitativ und qualitativ veränderte Metabolisierung. Anhand von Beispielen werden derartige Auswirkungen von Arzneimitteln auf wasserlösliche und fettlösliche Vitamine aufgezeigt.
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    European journal of nutrition 17 (1978), S. 112-123 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Mould cultures are used for the manufacture of soft and blue cheese. The report deals with the present stage of knowledge of the question of mycotoxin-producers in mould cultures used for cheesemaking. The PR-toxin was isolated repeatedly fromPenicillium roqueforti strains which were incubated on special media, but also from P. roqueforti cultures used for cheese manufacture. However, cheese ripening conditions do not favow the production of this toxin. Other catabolites from P. roqueforti such als roquefortine and isofumigaclavine have been found in cheese, but there is not much known about their toxic effect. No cancerogenic mycotoxins have been discovered in these types of cheese, except aflatoxin M1 which might however originate from contaminated milk. It must be concluded that the occurrence of tumors after feeding of a pureP. camemberti var. candidum culture is due to the effect of mycotoxins. On the other hand, further animal experiments with various mould culture strains used for cheesemaking have not confirmed these findings. On the basis of the literature consulted it may be said that the use of mould cultures for cheesemaking does not involve any risk for human health, that means it is toxicologically harmless.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Schimmelpilzkulturen werden bei der Herstellung von Weißschimmel— und Blauschimmelkäse verwendet. Es wird über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Kenntnisse zur Frage von Mykotoxinbildnern in Schimmelpilzkulturen der Käsefabrikation berichtet. Verschiedentlich wurde ausPenicillium roqueforti-Stämmen, die auf speziellen Medien bebrütet wurden, das PR-Toxin isoliert, auch aus P. roqueforti-Kulturen, die zur Käseherstellung verwendet werden. Doch sind die Bedingungen der Käsereifung für eine Produktion dieses Toxins nicht geeignet. Weitere Stoffwechselprodukte von P. roqueforti wie Roquefortin und Isofumigaclavin konnten in Käse aufgefunden werden, doch ist über deren toxische Wirkung wenig bekannt. Kanzerogen wirkende Mykotoxine konnten in Schimmelkäsen nicht gefunden werden, außer Aflatoxin M1, das jedoch aus der kontaminierten Milch stammen dürfte. Das Auftreten von Tumoren nach Verfütterung einer Reinkultur vonP. camemberti var. candidum ließ auf eine Mykotoxinwirkung schließen. Doch haben weitere Tierversuche mit verschiedenen, bei der Käsefabrikation verwendeten Schimmelpilzstämmen diesen Befund nicht bestätigt. Es läßt sich aufgrund der gesichteten Literatur sagen, daß der Einsatz von Schimmelpilzkulturen in der Käsefabrikation kein Risiko für den Menschen darstellt, also toxikologisch unbedenklich ist.
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    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After the 24 hours preoperative infusion period 0.37% glucose, 0.05% fruc tose and 1.28%xylitol of the infused amount were excreted in the urine. Postoperatively fructose was the best metabolized energy donator before xylitol and glucose. As a sign of an undisturbed hepatic synthesis of lipoproteins the triglycerides rose up to the 5th postoperative day. During the parenteral nutrition and the additional surgical intervention the cholesterol fell from 192.3 to 128.5 mg/100 ml on the first postoperative day. The infusion solutions caused a rise of the insulin concentration from 23.2 to 46.3 U/1 on the operation day. There is a positive nitrogen balance of 3.5 g/24 h on the operation day. The slight negative balance of −1.15 g/24 h on the first postoperative day is reduced to − 0.61 g/24 h on the postoperative day. The changes of the enzymes LDH, GOT and AP were at normal range. The postoperative changes were due to the surgical intervention. Without a simultaneous change of enzymes, 5 patients had a rise of bilirubin up to 1.1 mg/100 ml. To avoid a too great loos of phosphate during a long-term parenteral nutrition period, it is important to put up a balance.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach 24stündiger präoperativer Infusionsperiode werden von der infundierten Menge 0,37% Glukose, 0,05% Fruktose und 1,28% Xylit im 24-h-Urin ausgeschieden. Postoperativ erweist sich Fruktose vor Xylit und Glukose als der am besten verwertete Energieträger. Als Zeichen einer ungestörten hepatischen Lipoproteinsynthese steigen die Triglyzeride bis zum 5. postoperativen Tag an. Unter der parenteralen Ernährung und durch den zusätzlichen operativen Eingriff erfolgt ein starker Cholesterinabfall von 192,3 auf 128,5 g/100 ml am 1. postoperativen Tag. Durch die Infusionslösungen steigt die Insulinkonzentration von 23,2 auf 46,3 U/1 am Operationstag an. Postoperativ werden erhöhte Insulinwerte gemessen. Die Harnsäurekonzentration fällt bis zum unteren Normbereich ab. Am Operationstag besteht eine positive N-Bilanz von 3,5 g/24 h. Die leicht negative Bilanz von −1,15 g/24 h am 1. postoperativen Tag geht bis zum 4. postoperativen Tag auf −0,61 g/24 h zurück. Die Veränderungen der gemessenen Enzyme LDH, GOT und AP bewegen sich im Normbereich. Die postoperativen Veränderungen sind auf den operativen Eingriff zurückzuführen. Ohne entsprechende Enzymveränderungen erfolgt bei 5 Patienten ein Anstieg der Bilirubinkonzentration auf 1,25 mg/100 ml. Um zu große endogene Phosphatverluste bei längerfristiger parenteraler Ernährung zu vermeiden, ist es notwendig, eine Bilanz aufzustellen.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 9 commercially available high-calorie carbohydrate solutions were investigated for their sulfite content. It became evident that 6 manufacturers of infusion solutions add varying amounts of sulfite to their solutions. We consider such an addition to be unnecessary and risky from the toxicological point of view.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 9 im Handel befindliche hochkalorische Kohlenhydratlösungen auf ihren Gehalt an Sulfit untersucht. Dabei ergab sich, daß 6 Infusionslösungshersteller ihren Lösungen Sulfit in unterschiedlichen Mengen zusetzen. Einen solchen Zusatz halten wir für unnötig und toxikologisch bedenklich.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 26-36 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 12 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 11 normal subjects (N) equimolar (0.75 g/kg/h for 4 hrs.)14C-(1)-glucose and14C-(1)-fructose infusions were administered. When given fructose, N and LC showed only a small increase of serum-glucose and -fructose concentrations in steady state. In N and LC the total fructose clearance was significantly higher than the total glucose clearance. No differences were found between N and LC. The metabolic clearance was equal in both groups when given fructose, whereas during glucose infusion lower in LC than in N. 30% of the infused14C-fructose were recovered in14C-glucose. The renal loss in both groups was higher for glucose than for fructose. A more extensive renal14C-excretion during infusion of14C-fructose was due to a higher14C-lactate excretion. Better utilisation of fructose compared to glucose, unimpaired conversion to glucose, and insulin-independent metabolism without side effects are arguments for fructose, if carbohydrates are needed in cirrhotics with parenteral nutrition.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 12 Patienten mit fortgeschrittener dekompensierter Leberzirrhose (LZ) und 11 Normalpersonen (NP) wurde die Verwertung äquimolarer (0,75 g/kg/h über 4 Std.)14C-(1)-markierter Glukose- und14C-(1)-Fruktose-Infusionen an aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen untersucht. Im Steady-State war während Infusion von Fruktose der Anstieg der Serumglukose bei NP und LZ annähernd gleich gering. Die Serumfruktosespiegel verhielten sich bei NP und LZ gleich. Die totale Fruktose-Clearance war deutlich höher als die totale Glukose-Clearance; signifikante Unterschiede zwischen NP und LZ bestanden nicht. Dagegen verhielt sich die metabolische Clearance nur bei Fruktose-Infusion in beiden Kollektiven gleich, während die Glukose-Clearance bei LZ im Vergleich zu NP signifikant geringer war. Im Steady-State wurden von der infundierten14C-Fruktose in beiden Untersuchungsgruppen ungefähr 30 % Glukose eingebaut und als14C-Glukose isoliert. Die renalen Verluste waren für infundierte Glukose in beiden Kollektiven größer als für Fruktose. Eine höhere renale14C-Ausscheidung bei Infusion von14C-Fruktose war auf eine erhöhte14C-Laktat-Ausscheidung zurückzuführen. Bessere Verwertung als Glukose, normaler Einbau in Glukose und insulinunabhängige Verwertung sind bei fehlenden Nebenwirkungen Argumente für Fruktose, wenn Kohlenhydrate bei Kranken mit Leberzirrhose infundiert werden sollen.
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    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of exogenous adenosine triphosphate on the oxygen uptake of rat diaphragm and liver slices and homogenate were studied in normal rats using Warburg Manometric Technique. Five concentrations of ATP were used, namely 0.275, 0.55, 1.1, 2.75, and 5.5 mM ATP. ATP in small concentrations showed no significant changes in oxygen uptake of rat diaphragm and muscle homogenate or liver slices, but the oxygen uptake of liver homogenate was significantly increased in presence of 0.55 mM ATP while large concentrations caused depression in oxygen uptake of rat diaphragm and liver tissue whether it was sliced or homogenate. The depressant action of large concentrations of ATP on oxygen uptake by liver and muscle tissues is explained by the finding that the activity of respiration is dependent on the ratio of ATP/ADP. The stimulatory effect of the small concentration of ATP in case of liver homogenate and the absence of its effect in case of liver slices may be due to the different action of ATP with respect to adenyl cyclase in homogenate and slices. The oxygen uptake of homogenate was significantly greater than that of slices. This is presumably due to the greater excess of the intracellular respiratory mechanisms in the homogenate than in the slices. However, the recent discovery of the purinergic nerve hypothesis and the finding that exogenously applied ATP mimics the action of the nerve-released transmitter will greatly improve the understanding of the action of ATP.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 51-61 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of coffee without and with caffeine (200 mg) on the performance of “awake” respectively “fatigued” subjects was proved. 5 females and 7 males (22 to 32 years) were chosen for the cross-over double-blind study. Motor reaction time, visual-mental processing time, reading-speed and reading-errors were recorded. Further experiments under aggravated conditions were carried out. In the morning (“awake”) caffeine increases the efficiency of all parameters excepted the reading errors. At night (“fatigued”) the increase by caffeine is insignificant. Even in some subjects caffeine decreases the speed of reading and increases the number of errors. Under test-conditions, which were aggravated by strong acoustical disturbance, caffeine does not improve efficiency, compared with caffeine-free coffee. Overriding into the range of decreasing performance in spite of increasing central activity was not found under any test-condition.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer Doppelblindstudie wurden an 12 Probanden im Alter von 22 bis 32 Jahren die Wirkung von koffeinhaltigem und koffeinfreiem Kaffee für zwei Befindenszustände „wach“ und „müde“ untersucht. Bei gleicher Dosierung von 200 mg Koffein wurden die Parameter motorische Reaktions-, die visuell-mentale Verarbeitungszeit sowie die Lesegeschwindigkeit und die Lesefehler registriert. Zusätzlich wurden Messungen unter erschwerten Bedingungen durchgeführt. Im Befindenszustand „wach“ am Morgen wirkt koffeinhaltiger Kaffee bis auf die Lesefehler in allen Parametern signifikant leistungssteigernd. Nachts, im Befindenszustand „müde“, bewirkt koffeinhaltiger Kaffee nur eine unwesentliche Leistungsverbesserung. Bei den Parametern Lesegeschwindigkeit und Lesefehler ist mit Koffein bei einzelnen Versuchspersonen eine Leistungseinbuße feststellbar. Auch unter Versuchsbedingungen mit erhöhten Anforderungen durch akustischen Störeinfluß war unter Koffein keine Leistungserhöhung gegenüber koffeinfreiem Kaffee zu beobachten. Eine übersteuerung in den Bereich abnehmender Leistung bei zunehmender Aktivität fand unter keiner Versuchsbedingung statt.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 71-71 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 72-76 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 62-70 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The nutritional state of 168 patients in a medical clinic was determined with the following parameters: Weight/height index, triceps skin fold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine/ height index, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and cholinesterase. Using these parameters we found that 51.2% of these patients were suffering from malnutrition (26.2% marasmus, 7.7% kwashiorkor-like syndrome, 17.3% marasmic kwashiorkor). Triceps skin fold, arm muscle circumference and creatinine/height index were the most precise parameters to confirm marasmus. Prealbumin and cholinesterase are especially recommended to determine acute protein deficiency, albumin to confirm chronic protein deficiency. It was also possible to demonstrate the deleterious effect of malnutrition on the immunological system of the patient through determination of the absolute lymphocyte count in peripheral blood and intracutaneous testing with streptokinase-dornase, mumps skin test antigen and Candida vaccine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Ernährungszustand von 168 Patienten einer medizinischen Klinik wurde mit Hilfe folgender Parameter erfaßt: Körpergewicht, Größe, Hautfaltendicke über dem Musculus triceps brachii, Armmuskelumfang, Kreatininindex, Albumin, Präalbumin, Transferrin und Cholinesterase. Bei 51,2% der Patienten wurde mit Hilfe dieser Parameter eine Mangelernährung festgestellt (26,2% Marasmus, 7,7% Kwashiorkor-ähnliche Bilder, 17,3% Mischbilder). Als empfindlichste Parameter zur Erfassung eines Marasmus stellten sich die Hautfaltendicke über dem Musculus triceps brachii, der Armmuskelumfang und der Kreatininindex heraus. Für die Erfassung eines akuten Proteindefizits sind insbesondere Präalbumin und Cholinesterase zu empfehlen. Ein chronischer Eiweißmangel wird durch das Albumin erfaßt. Durch Bestimmung der absoluten Lymphozytenzahl im peripheren Blut und Intrakutantestungen mit Streptokinasedornase, Mumps-Hauttestantigen und Candidavakzinen konnten außerdem die deletären Folgen einer Mangelernährung für den Immunstatus des Patienten nachgewiesen werden.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 77-80 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse von Experimenten mit Tieren führen zu der Feststellung, daß ein Fütterungszusatz von entweder Psyllium-Samenkernen oder Lignin das Verhältnis von Desoxycholsäure zu Chenodesoxycholsäure in der Galle ändert. In dieser Untersuchung scheint bei Patienten mit Gallensteinen eine akzeptable Dosis von Psyllium-Samenkernen oder Lignin die relativen Mengen von in der Galle befindlichem Cholesterin oder den einzeln verschiedenen Gallensäuren nicht zu ändern.
    Notes: Summary Animal experiments suggest that supplementing the diet with either psyllium seed husk or lignin alters the ratio of deoxycholic acid to chenodeoxycholic in bile. In this study dosages of psyllium seed husk or lignin acceptable to patients with gallstones do not appear to alter the relative amounts of cholesterol, or individual bile acids in the bile.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 81-87 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 25 Patienten mit Mukoviszidose (13 männlich, 12 weiblich) und entsprechenden Kontrollen wurden der Serum-Vitamin-E-Spiegel und das Fettsäuremuster von Serumcholesterinestern, Serumphospholipiden und Serumtriglyzeriden untersucht. Im Vergleich zu Kontrollpatienten (1,02±0,24 mg/100 ml) war der Serum-Vitamin-E-Spiegel bei den Patienten mit Mukoviszidose signifikant erniedrigt (0,30±0,26 mg/100 ml) (p〈0,01). Zwischen beiden Gruppen besteht kein signifikanter Unterschied des Fettsäuremusters. Unterschiede sind jedoch aus der-Serumcholesterinesterfraktion am besten ersichtlich. Hier ist die Linolsäurekonzentration im Mittelwert bei den Patienten mit Mukoviszidose im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen erniedrigt. Ein möglicher Einfluß der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In 25 children (13 male; 12 female) with cystic fibrosis aged 6 months to 16 years and 24 matched controls total serum vitamin E levels and fatty acid patterns of serum cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides are demonstrated. Compared to controls (1.02±0.24 mg/dl) the total serum vitamin E levels are significantly decreased in patients with cystic fibrosis (0.30±0.26 mg/dl) (p〈0.01). There is no significant difference comparing the fatty acid patterns of the serum ester fractions of both groups. Differences can be seen best in the cholesterol ester fraction. In this fraction linoleic acid shows a trend to be decreased in the cystic fibrosis patients compared to the control group. A possible influence of height velocity on the levels of essential fatty acids is discussed.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 88-93 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Around the turn of the century it was observed that low dietary salt consumption is frequently associated with reduction in blood pressure in essential hypertension. It has not been established whether this is a specific effect of NaCl or whether it is an unspecific consequence of the weight loss frequently accompanying low salt intake. Changes of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system do not seem overly important for the understanding of the original lesion in essential hypertension. Hemodynamic studies demonstrate that increased peripheral (arterial) resistance is characteristic for the disease. It was possible to breed a rat strain with an “anlage” for hypertension which could be unmasked by salt supplements. In humans, essential hypertension is associated with increased salt preference suggesting a genetic factor. This increased desire for salt induces a high salt content of the body including the arterial wall. The hypothesis is being discussed that the stimulating effect of NaCl leads to contraction of the arterial wall inducing increased peripheral resistance — the hallmark of essential hypertension.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Tatsache, daß Salzentzug bei der essentiellen Hypertonie häufig mit Blutdrucksenkung einhergeht, wurde um die Jahrhundertwende beschrieben. Ob dies ein spezifischer Effekt ist oder dies durch die damit einhergehende Gewichtsverminderung herbeigeführt wird, ist unbekannt. Veränderungen des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems scheinen für das Verständnis der auslösenden Noxe nicht allzu wichtig zu sein. Hämodynamische Untersuchungen zeigen Erhöhung der peripheren (arteriellen) Resistenz. Es konnten Rattenstämme mit einer Anlage zur Hypertonie gezüchtet werden, die durch Salzzulagen demaskiert wird. Beim Menschen deutet das Vorhandensein eines angeborenen erhöhten Verlangens nach Salz auf genetische Momente hin. Dies führt zu vermehrtem Salzgehalt des Körpers, besonders auch der Arterien. Die Hypothese wird zur Diskussion gestellt, daß der erhöhte Salzgehalt der Arterienwand durch den stimulierenden Effekt von Salz zur erhöhten peripheren Resistenz und dadurch zum Hochdruck führt.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 104-111 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The bitter taste of lupin alkaloids can be sensorially detected in water within Ppm-range. The strength of the taste diminishes as follows: sparteine, D-Lupanin-Perchlorate, lupinine, isolupinine and hydroxylupanine. The swelling capacity of lupin seeds presents different characteristics according to the species. The swelling rapidity is inL. albus somehow inferior to that ofL. mutabilis. The absorption of water decreases in hot water, and the swelling rapidity increases. For domestic debittering it is recommended to cook whole lupin seeds during half an hour and to debitter them for 3 days in flowing water. The isoelectric point of the protein ofL. mutabilis lies between pH 4 and 4.5.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der bittere Geschmack von Lupinenalkaloiden läßt sich im Wasser im Falle von Spartein noch im ppm-Bereich sensorisch nachweisen und nimmt über D-Lupanin-Perchlorat, Lupinin, Isolupanin, Hydroxylupanin ab. Die Quellfähigkeit von Lupinensamen hat artenunterschiedliche Charakteristika. Die Quellgeschwindigkeit ist inL. albus etwas geringer als inL. mutabilis. Die Wasseraufnahme nimmt in heißem Wasser ab, die Quellgeschwindigkeit zu. Zur häuslichen Entbitterung empfiehlt es sich, die ganzen Lupinensamen eine halbe Stunde zu kochen und drei Tage in fließendem Wasser zu entbittern. Der isoelektrische Punkt des Eiweißes vonL. mutabilis liegt zwischen pH 4 und 4,5.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 112-118 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Erythrozyten von Ratten mit essentiellem Fettsäuremangel wurden verschiedene Transportfunktionen der Membran studiert, um zu klären, ob ein Mangel an essentiellen Fettsäuren in der Erythrozytenmembran zu funktionellen Veränderungen führt. Im Vergleich zu Kontrolltieren konnte bezüglich nachfolgender Parameter kein signifikanter Unterschied gefunden werden: osmotische Resistenz; intrazelluläre Natrium- und Kaliumkonzentration. Die Aminosäure Leuzin wurde jedoch von Erythrozyten mit essentiellem Fettsäuremangel signifikant vermehrt aufgenommen als von Erythrozyten der Kontrolltiere. Kinetische Untersuchungen stützen die Vermutung, daß essentieller Fettsäuremangel die passive Komponente des Transportes verstärkt.
    Notes: Summary Various membrane transport functions have been studied in erythrocytes from essential fatty acid (EFA) deficient rats in order to determine whether or not functional abnormalities induced by documented EFA-deficiency of the membrane could be demonstrated. No differences were found between EPA deficient and control cells with respect to mean values for osmotic resistance or intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations. However, uptake of leucine by EFA deficient erythrocytes was significantly greater than that of control erythrocytes. Kinetic studies suggest that EFA deficiency enhances the passive diffusion component of this transport.
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die regionale Verteilung von Indolen wie Tryptophan (TRP), Serotonin (5-HT) und 5-Hydroxyindol-3-essigsäure (5-HIAA) sowie von Tyrosin (TYR) wurde in Gehirnen von mongolischen Springmäusen untersucht. Mit Hilfe einer Mikrosektionstechnik sowie durch „Poolen“ von Gewebeproben war es möglich, regionale Unterschiede speziell für 5-HT und 5-HIAA festzustellen, wobei die höchsten Werte in Raphe + Formatio reticularis, restlichem Hirnstamm und Linsenkern meßbar waren. Ein 22stündiger Nahrungsentzug resultierte in einem Anstieg von TRP und 5-HIAA, nicht aber von 5-HT, was auf eine gesteigerte Umsatzrate von 5-HT hindeutet. Die Verabreichung einer proteinreichen Diät führt nur zu einem leichten Anstieg von TYR und TRP, 5-HT und 5-HIAA zeigen keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Ernährung mit künstlichen Aminosäuregemischen, welche hohe Konzentrationen von verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren enthielten, ergab einen signifikanten Abfall von TYR und TRP, 5-HT und 5-HIAA. Die kompetitive Wechselwirkung der aromatischen und verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren um die Transport- und Aufnahmemechanismen in das Gehirn sowie die Hemmung der 5-Hydroxytryptophansynthese durch verzweigtkettige Aminosäuren dürften für die beobachteten Effekte verantwortlich sein. Mongolische Springmäuse weisen im Gehirn, verglichen mit anderen Mäusearten, höhere Konzentrationen an TRP und geringere an TYR auf. In peripheren Organen, speziell in Leber und Lunge, wurden ähnliche Ergebnisse erzielt. Die Unterschiede sind aber im Vergleich zum Gehirn geringer ausgeprägt. Proteinreiche Kost führt im Gegensatz zum Gehirn zu einem stärkeren Anstieg von TYR und TRP.
    Notes: Summary Up till now evidence is lacking regarding the regional distribution of indoles, like tryptophan (TRP), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) as well as tyrosine (TYR) in the brains of Mongolian gerbils. Therefore using a microdissection technique and pooling regional brain samples, it can be shown that there is a regional distribution of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the brain of Mongolian gerbils which is highest in the raphe + reticular formation system followed by the rest of the brainstem and lenticular nuclei. A longterm fast (22 hours) increases TRP and 5-HIAA but not 5-HT, indicating an increase in the turnover rate of 5-HT. Brain TYR and TRP are only slightly increased after a protein rich diet, whereas 5-HT and 5-HIAA are not changed. Artificial nutrition with amino acid mixtures highly concentrated with branched chain amino acids lead to a decrease of TYR and TRP as well as 5-HT and 5-HIAA. Competing amino acid as well as inhibition of 5-HT synthesis is suggested to be responsible for these effects. Mongolian gerbils show higher brain values of TRP and lower ones of TYR in comparison with other species of mice. In peripheral organs, specially in the liver and lung, similar effects are observable. However, the changes are only mild in comparison to that observed in the brain. Moreover, TYR and TRP are significantly increased in peripheral organs after a protein rich diet.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 128-138 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adrenalectomized rats the effect of i.v. injection of glucose and ATP on insulin changes in external jugular vein was determined in normal and alloxan diabetic animals. In another set of experiments the direct effect of ATP on insulin secretion was investigated. Glucose and ATP were injected in the carotid artery and the blood samples were withdrawn from the portal vein. In these experiments there was immediate and excessive production of insulin release in the portal vein after ATP injection in the carotid artery. In alloxan diabetic rats, despite the high blood glucose levels, the plasma insulin was low and did not respond to glucose stimulation. ATP could increase the sensitivity of the diabetic rats to glucose. The possible role of purinergic nerves in insulin secretion is discussed. It is concluded that multiple innervation of the islets by purinergic, cholinergic and adrenergic nerves, regulate insulin secretion. It is suggested that: 1. Purinergic nerve stimulation is more specific for insulin secretion. 2. ATP is considered the principal transmitter released from purinergic nerves causing insulin secretion. 3. The insulin stimulatory effect normally produced by glucose is through purinergic nerves. 4. It could be possible that one of the causes of diabetes is a defect in the purinergic innervation of the islet cells thus the sensitivity of the islets to glucose is decreased.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 145-148 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We investigated the postoperative metabolism of patients undergoing gastric resection by beginning total parenteral nutrition pre-(group 1) and postoperatively (group 2). A third group remained fasting until 3 h after the surgical intervention. Because of the high serum glucose concentrations and the high glucose losses in the 24-h urine on the operation day in group 1 and 2 only the base glucose requirement (150–250 g/24 h) should be given in the early postoperative period. The low blood glucose concentration in group 3 and the elevated lactate values in group 2 underline this recommandation. Compared with group 2 und 3, group 1 had low free fatty acid concentrations of 250 μVal/l because of the continuous pre-, intra-, and postoperative infusion. Compared with normal metabolic conditions, the free fatty acids do not seam to have the same insulin-antagonizing effect in the posttraumatic state. The fall of cholesterol after the surgical trauma reached its maximum after 12–15 h and amounted to about 40 mg% in the first two groups. Albumin and total protein fell continuously in group 1 and 2. The electrophoresis in group 1 showed a rise of α1- and α2-globulin to more than double the initial value, the β-globulin showed only slight changes, the γ-globulin dropped only slightly up to the 4th postoperative day. As a sign of an augmented catabolism the serum urea concentration rose during the postoperative state. Group 1 and 2 had a favourable nitrogen balance. The postoperative bilirubin rise could be held lower in group 1 compared to group 2.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Anhand zweier Patientenkollektive — Patienten mit einer Magenoperation -, bei denen prä- (Kollektiv 1) bzw. postoperativ (Kollektiv 2) mit der totalen parenteralen Ernährung begonnen wurde, sollte der postoperative Stoffwechsel unter verschiedenen Bedingungen untersucht werden. Ein drittes vergleichbares Kollektiv erhielt bis etwa 3 Stunden nach der Operation weder Kohlenhydrate noch Aminosäuren. Die hohen Blutglukosespiegel und die hohen Glukoseverluste im 24-h-Urin am Operationstag bei den ersten beiden Kollektiven weisen darauf hin, daß in der frühen postoperativen Phase nur der Basisbedarf an Glukose (150–250 g/24 h) gedeckt werden sollte. Die vergleichsweise niedrigen Blutzuckerwerte bei K 3 und die hohen Laktatwerte bei K 2 unterstreichen die obige Aussage. Bei K 1 konnte im Vergleich zu K 2 durch die kontinuierliche prä-, intra- und postoperative Ernährung der freie Fettsäurespiegel niedrig, auf etwa 250 μval/1, gehalten werden. Während des posttraumatisch katabolen Stoffwechsels scheinen die FFS jedoch nicht die insulinantagonistische Bedeutung zu haben wie unter Normalbedingungen. Der Cholesterinabfall nach dem operativen Eingriff erreichte sein Maximum nach etwa 12–15 h und betrug bei K 1 und 2 etwa 40 mg%. Bei K 1 und 2 fiel die Albumin- und Gesamteiweißkonzentration während der Beobachtungszeit ab. Die elektrophoretische Auftrennung bei K 1 ergab ein Anstieg von α1- und α2-Globulinen auf teilweise das Doppelte des Ausgangswertes, das β-Globulin veränderte sich nur geringfügig, die γ-Globuline fielen bis zum 4. postoperativen Tag nur leicht ab. Als Zeichen einer gesteigerten Katabolie stieg postoperativ die Serumharnstoffkonzentration an. Bei K 1 und 2 werden günstige Stickstoffbilanzen erreicht. Durch den präoperativen Infusionsbeginn bei K 1 kann der postoperative Bilirubinspiegelanstieg im Vergleich zu K 2 niedrig gehalten werden.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 217-220 
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 239-244 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Diätbrot wurde in Ägypten hauptsächlich für Diabetiker hergestellt. Zur Herstellung dieses Brotes wird ein Gemisch aus 60 Teilen Weizenmehl und 40 Teilen Gluten eingesetzt. Der Proteingehalt des Produktes beträgt 38% in der Trockensubstanz. Der Proteinwert des Brotes hat einen PER-Wert von 1,34 in Rattenverfütterungsversuchen.
    Notes: Summary Dietetic bread is mainly produced for diabetics. Gluten accounts 80% of the protein of whole wheat flour. Forty per cent wheat gluten are incorporated in the dough to increase the protein content and decrease the starch in the final product. Gluten-rich foods are still of low cost as compared to others such as skim milk, soya and fish flour.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 233-238 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Hard-boiled eggs in the shell were without any pretreatment stored in air at 20 °C and 4 °C. Furthermore the keeping quality of varnish-coated eggs stored in air at 20 °C and of untreated eggs stored in 100% carbon dioxide at the same temperature was studied. Hard-boiled eggs stored at 4 °C and varnish-coated eggs stored at 20 °C were of excellent bacteriological quality up to 5 weeks. Untreated eggs stored in air at 20 °C showed high microbiological contamination (more than 106/g) already after one week. The CO2 storage atmosphere inhibited the growth of microorganisms during the first week of storage, but in the days to follow counts increased to more than 106/g as well.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hartgekochte Eier in der Schale, ohne Vorbehandlung, wurden in Luft bei 20 °C und 4 °C gelagert. Bei der Temperatur von 20 °C wurde noch zusätzlich die Haltbarkeit von lackierten Eiern bei Lagerung in Luft und unbehandelter Eier in 100%iger Kohlendioxid-Atmosphäre untersucht. Die Lagerung bei 4 °C sowie die Aufbewahrung lackierter Eier bei 20 °C hatte eine ausgezeichnete bakteriologische Qualität der Eier bis 5 Wochen zur Folge. Die Lagerung unbehandelter Eier bei 20 °C in Luft zeigte schon nach einer Woche eine hohe Keimbelastung (über 106/g). Eine CO2-Atmosphäre hemmte zwar in der ersten Lagerungswoche die Vermehrung der Mikroorganismen, in den folgenden Tagen stieg jedoch die Keimzahl auch über 106/g.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 221-232 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Sechs Monate nach Fütterung einer Vitamin-A-freien Diät erwies sich der Gehalt an diesem Vitamin in der Leber von Mäusen als erheblich reduziert, wenn auch nicht als völlig erschöpft. Diese an Vitamin A verarmten Mäuse wurden entweder mit Schaferythrozyten immunisiert oder mitListeria monocytogenes infiziert. Beim Vergleich mit Kontrollmäusen wurde kein signifikanter Unterschied beobachtet. Das weist darauf hin, daß weder das Immunsystem noch das System der mononukleären Phagozyten betroffen wurde. 2. Mäuse, die mit hohen Vitamin-A-Dosen behandelt wurden, zeigten eine erhöhte Antikörperproduktion gegen Schaferythrozyten und auch eine verbesserte Resistenzlage gegenüberL.-monocytogenes-Infektionen. Diese Versuchsergebnisse weisen auf einen stimulierenden Effekt von Vitamin A auf das Immunsystem und das System der mononukleären Phagozyten hin. Zusammenfassend läßt sich sagen, daß der Ausdruck „antiinfektives Vitamin“ nicht ganz auf Vitamin A zutrifft, wenn sich auch gewisse infektionsverhütende Eigenschaften nicht in Abrede stellen lassen.
    Notes: Summary 1. Six months after feeding a vitamin A free diet the liver content of mice was markedly reduced but not yet completely exhausted. These vitamin A deprived mice were either immunized with sheep erythrocytes or infected withListeria monocytogenes. In comparison to normal control mice no significant difference was observed. This indicates that neither the immune system nor the mononuclear-phagocytic system was involved. 2. Mice treated with a high dose of vitamin A showed increased antibody production against sheep erythrocytes and also increased resistance against infection withL. monocytogenes. These experimental findings indicate a stimulatory effect on the immune system and the mononuclear phagocytic system. As a conclusion it is deduced that the term “anti-infective vitamin” does not hold absolutely true for vitamin A, although certain anti-infective properties cannot be denied.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 245-249 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Lysingehalt der untersuchten Biskuite betrug nur 82 mg/g Stickstoff, im Vergleich zu einem Wert von 168 mg/g Stickstoff im Weizenkernel. In Rattenverfütterungsversuchen konnte kein PER-Wert ermittelt werden, da die Ratten ständig an Gewicht abnahmen.
    Notes: Summary The protein quality of biscuits (Mary's Biscuit), a product largely consumed by infant and children in this country proved to be of very inferior quality, with very low lysine content, which is obviously completely destroyed during the baking process. Rats fed biscuits as protein source lost weight during the experimentation period and their food consumption was too low. Rats fed this diet showed also very slight increase in body water (1.9 g), in comparison to a value of 16.0 g in rats fed casein at the same dietary protein level.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 269-274 
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    Notes: Summary Twelve groups of rats were included in this study. Six groups (3 males and 3 females) received high fat diets containing 20% of either peanut oil, maize oil or lard. The other six groups received the same diets plus triiodothyronine. Triiodothyronine T3 added to diets containing peanut oil caused slight increase in total serum lipids in female rats, while in male rats serum total lipids were increased about 20-fold. T3 administration caused almost no change in aortic total and all lipid fractions in male rats kept on diets containing any of the fats used. Female rats kept on lard plus T3 showed a rise in cholesterol free and esterified and phospholipid contents of aorta lipids.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 125-132 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The research work for the culture of yeasts on hydrocarbon substrates has started in 1959 at the research laboratory of Lavera in France, underChampagnat as leader. Its result is the construction and exploitation of 2 industrial plants in France and England, and a new big one is being built in Italy. The paper describes the various hydrocarbon substrates in use or proposed, and the two BP processes. It gives the main characteristics of the yeasts produced. It emphasizes the methods used for the evaluation of the yeasts both toxicologically and nutritionally by independent organizations of international level. A number of tables are given upon the nutritional performances of the yeasts on farm animals. Authorizations of use have been obtained from the hygiene authorities of the main European countries. The use for human consumption is now being considered.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 161-161 
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 162-162 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary If we admit the hyperammoniemy as one of the factors of portal systemic encephalopathy, then the decrease in protidic contribution seems justified. But the prescription of a long-term lav-protein diet in cirrhosis, with portal hypertension, with spontaneous or surgical porto case shunts is unsatisfactory; because it is necessary to give the maximum amount of protein compatible with a normal psychic state, in order to let the hepatic cells regenerate and to restrain nitrogenous catabolism. The authors relate their experiences with another diet, with an adequate (80 g) and balanced (15%) protidic untake, essentially provided by milk products (with lav-sodium content if necessary). This diet not only induces an encephalopathy aggravation, but on the contrary helps to cure it. These products are well tolerated because of the bacteriological and biochemical composition of milk and cheese, which changes the equilibrium of the intestinal flora in favour of a flora without ammonium. The results of this well tolerated diet offer particular interest in the sequels of surgical porto cave anastomosis, but depend obviously on the degree of hepatic cellular insufficiency which condition the liver's inhibition of protein intake.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Wenn man annimmt, daß die Hyperammoniämie einer der Faktoren der portokavalen Enzephalopathie ist, scheint die Reduzierung der Proteinzufuhr gerechtfertigt zu sein. Aber die Verordnung einer langfristigen proteinarmen Diät bei Zirrhosen mit portaler Hypertonie, mit spontanen portokavalen oder chirurgischen Shunts ist unbefriedigend. Es ist in der Tat notwendig, ein Maximum von Proteinen, die mit einem normalen neuropsychischen Zustand kompatibel sind, zuzuführen, um die Regeneration der Leberzelle zu ermöglichen und um den Stickstoffkatabolismus, der selbst ein Ammoniakerzeuger ist, zu bremsen. Die Autoren berichten über ihre Erfahrungen der „Milch- und-Käse“-Diät, die eine genügende Proteinration (80 g) sichert und die ausgeglichen ist (12 % der Kalorien). Diese Proteine werden ausschließlich durch Milchprodukte, die, wenn es notwendig ist, salzarm sind, geliefert. Diese lösen keine Verschlechterung der Enzephalopathie aus, sondern bessern diese im Gegenteil. Diese Verträglichkeit wurde durch die bakteriologische und biochemische Zusammensetzung der Milch und des Käses, die das Gleichgewicht der Darmflora zugunsten einer nicht Ammoniak erzeugenden Flora verändern würden, bedingt. Die Ergebnisse dieser gut angenommenen Diät sind besonders bei den Folgen der chirurgischen portokavalen Anastomosen interessant, hängen aber natürlich von dem Grad der Insuffizienz der Leberzellen, die die Verwertung der zugeführten Proteine durch die Leber bedingt, ab.
    Notes: Résumé Si l'on admet que l'hyperammoniémie est un des facteurs de l'encéphalopathie porto-cave, la réduction des apports protéiques paraît justifiée. Mais la prescription au long cours d'un régime hypoprotidique dans les cirrhoses avec hypertension portale, avec shunts porto-caves spontanés ou chirurgicaux, n'est pas satisfaisante. En effet, il est nécessaire d'apporter le maximum de protides, compatibles avec un état neuropsychique normal, pour permettre la régénération de l'hépatocyte et pour freiner le catabolisme azoté, lui même générateur d'ammoniaque. Les auteurs rapportent leur expérience du régime « lait et fromages » qui assure une ration protidique suffisante (80 g) et équilibrée (12% des calories), fournie essentiellement par les produits laitiers, pauvre en sodium si nécessaire et qui n'entraîne pas l'aggravation de l'encéphalopathie bien au contraire l'améliore. Cette tolérance serait due à la composition bactériologique et biochimique du lait et des fromages qui modifierait l'équilibre de la flore intestinale au profit d'une flore non ammonio-formatrice. Les résultats de ce régime bien accepté sont particulièrement intéressants dans les suites d'anastomoses porto-caves chirurgicales mais dépendent évidemment du degré de l'insuffisance cellulaire hépatique qui conditionne l'utilisation par le foie des apports protidiques.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 145-160 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die letzten Jahre haben auf dem Gebiet der Aufrechterhaltung der Homöostase im Schock, nach Traumen, nach Streß, nach Blutungen, nach Ernährungs- und Stoffwechselstörungen und nach Infekten entscheidende Erkenntnisse gebracht. Diese gewinnen bei einer steigenden Zahl von Verletzten und Kranken lebensrettende Bedeutung durch Erweiterung der Therapiemöglichkeiten, wie sie bisher nicht denkbar waren. Entscheidend beigetragen hat zu dieser Entwicklung die kollegiale Zusammenarbeit von Grundlagenforschern (vor allem physiologischen Chemikern) einerseits und Klinikern andererseits (vor allem Anästhesiologen, Chirurgen, Internisten, Reanimatologen usw.), vereinigt in gemeinsamen Bemühungen um Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Intensivtherapie. Die vorliegende Arbeit möchte einen speziellen nicht nur theoretisch, sondern auch praktisch wichtigen Beitrag leisten zu dieser Entwicklung: Die Zurückdrängung der Bluttransfusion (gefährlich wegen der schlechten Haltbarkeit, häufigen Unverträglichkeit und der Gefahr der Übertragung von Infektionskrankheiten wie Hepatitis, Syphilis usw.) durch die heute vorhandenen verbesserten Aminosäurengemische. Diese sind gut verträglich, lange lagerfähig und bei vielen neuen Indikationen wirkungsvoller als das bisher hierfür verwendete Blut und seine Derivate. Die neuen Aminosäurengemische sind deshalb berufen, besonders in der Katastrophenmedizin und in der postoperativen Behandlung eine bedeutende Rolle zu spielen und eine bisher oft bedrückende Lücke in der Versorgung der uns anvertrauten Kranken zu schließen. Einen Überblick über diese neuen Möglichkeiten zu geben, ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit.
    Notes: Summary In recent years, there have been conclusive findings in the field of maintaining homeostasis following trauma, bleeding, nutritional and metabolic disturbances and infections. These findings can help save the lives of an increasing number of injured and sick by enlarging the therapeutic possibilities which have previously been unimaginable. This development has been made possible by the good cooperation of both basic research and clinical staff whose common aim was to achieve advances in this field of intensive care. The aim of the present study is to make a relevant theoretical and practical contribution to the widening possibilities and necessities in this field.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 163-174 
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 133-144 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The purpose of the present article is to give a survey of present knowledge of the ecological relationships between the various bacterial populations composing the microflora of the digestive tract of the host animal. Analysis of the relationships can be made with the aid of recent techniques: utilization of axenic animals (germ-free) and of gnotoxenic animals inoculated with known bacterial populations; perfecting of bacteriological techniques for the quantitative differential analysis of the various bacterial populations in the digestive tract, especially in the case of strictly anaerobic species. Some characteristics of the equilibrium between the various bacterial populations in the different segments of the gastro-intestinal tract have been described as well as some of the mechanisms which regulate this equilibrium. These mechanisms either imply interactions between bacteria or the action of the host animal and the environment on the microflora. Lastly, various examples concerning the action of the microflora in the digestive tract on the nutritional physiology of the host animal are given; action on the anatomy of the digestive tract and on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and vitamins.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Artikel hat zum Ziel, unsere heutigen Kenntnisse über die ökologischen Beziehungen zwischen den verschiedenen Bakterienpopulationen, die die Magen-Darm-Flora bilden, und dem Wirtstier zusammenzufassen. An Hand neuer Techniken konnte die Untersuchung dieser Beziehungen vorgenommen werden: Verwendung „axenischer“ (keimfreier) Tiere und „gnotoxenischer“, d. h. mit bekannten Bakterienpopulationen beimpfter Tiere; Verbesserung der bakteriologischen Techniken für die quantitative Differenzanalyse der verschiedenen Bakterienpopulationen im Verdauungskanal, insbesondere der streng anaeroben Arten. Einige Eigenschaften des Gleichgewichtes zwischen den verschiedenen Bakterienpopulationen in den verschiedenen Abschnitten des Magen-Darm-Kanals wurden beschrieben sowie auch einige Mechanismen, die dieses Gleichgewicht steuern. Diese Mechanismen setzen entweder Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Bakterien oder eine Auswirkung des Wirtstieres und der Umwelt auf die Bakterienflora voraus. Schließlich werden einige Beispiele der Wirkung der Magen-Darm-Flora auf die Ernährungsphysiologie des Wirtes dargelegt: Wirkung auf die Anatomie des Verdauungskanals und auf den Stoffwechsel der Kohlenhydrate, des Stickstoffes, der Fette und der Vitamine.
    Notes: Résumé Le but de cet article est de résumer nos connaissances actuelles concernant les relations écologiques entre les diverses populations microbiennes qui constituent la microflore du tube digestif et l'animal-hôte. Des techniques nouvelles ont permis d'entreprendre l'analyse de ces relations: utilisation d'animaux «axéniques», dépourvus de bactéries et «gnotoxéniques» ensemencés avec des populations bactériennes connues; perfectionnements des techniques bactériologiques pour l'analyse différentielle quantitative des diverses populations bactériennes du tube digestif, en particulier dans le cas des espèces anaérobies strictes. Quelques caractéristiques de l'équilibre entre les différentes populations bactériennes dans les différentes parties du tractus gastro-intestinal ont été décrites ainsi que quelques uns des mécanismes qui régulent cet équilibre. Ces mécanismes impliquent soit des interactions entre les bactéries, soit l'action de l'animal hôte et de l'environnement sur la microflore. Enfin divers exemples de l'action de la microflore du tube digestif sur la physiologie nutritionnelle de l'hôte ont été présentés: action sur l'anatomie du tube digestif et sur les métabolismes glucidiques, azoté, lipidique et vitaminique.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 175-183 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verfütterung von Fritierfetten an Ratten ergab in allen untersuchten Parametern keine Unterschiede gegenüber den Verhältnissen bei den Kontrolltieren, welche die entsprechenden nichterhitzten Fette (partiell hydriertes Erdnußöl, Sojaöl) in derselben Menge und über den gleichen Zeitraum erhalten hatten. Untersucht wurden: Konzentration der Plasmalipide einschließlich des Gesamtcholesteringehaltes, Elektrophorese der Plasmalipoproteine, Fettsäurezusammensetzung der Plasmalipide und des Depotfetts sowie Menge und Zusammensetzung des Unverseifbaren einschließlich des Gehaltes an den polycyclischen Kohlenwasserstoffen. In In-vitro-Versuchen untersuchten wir die Wirkung der Pankreaslipase auf nichterhitzte und erhitzte Fette.
    Notes: Summary In feeding experiments no differences could be observed when used frying fats were fed to rats in the same amount and over the same period if compared with the unheated fats (partially hardened groundnut oil, soyabean oil). In details we investigated: concentration of plasma lipids including content of total cholesterol, electrophoresis of plasma lipoproteins, fatty acid composition of plasma lipids and of adipose tissue. Amount and composition of the unsaponifiable matter in heated and unheated fats as well as the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined. In in-vitro experiments we investigated the effect of pancreas lipase on these fats.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 218-224 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ziel dieser Unterredung war, den Einfluß verschiedener Volumen von vergrößernden Stoffen der Diät auf die Gallensteinbildung beim Hamster zu studieren. Dabei wurden die Substanzen Pectin, Lignin und Psylliumhydrokolloid benützt. Die zwei letzteren schützten die Hamster gegen die Bildung von Cholesteringallensteinen. Lignin bewirkte eine Verminderung der Konzentration von Deoxycholsäure und eine Steigerung in der Chol-/Chenodeoxycholsäure-Konzentration. Ähnliche Veränderungen findet man bei Zufuhr von Cholestyramine, was für eine Bindung von Gallensäure bei Lignin sprechen könnte. Psylliumhydrokolloid bewirkte eine ähnliche Steigerung der Chol-/Chenodeoxycholsäure-Konzentration, aber auch eine Steigerung der Deoxycholsäurekonzentration. Der letztere Befund von Psylliumhydrokolloid ist nicht mit einer Bindung von Gallensäure zu vereinbaren. Bei Zugabe von Alkohol zum Trinkwasser wurden pigmentreiche Steine gebildet. Unter diesen Bedingungen wurde die Bildung von solchen Steinen bei keiner dieser angewandten Substanzen vermieden.
    Notes: Summary This study aimed at investigating the effect of different sources of dietary fibre on gallstone formation in hamsters. The substances studied were pectin, lignin and psyllium hydrocolloid. The two latter compounds protected hamsters against cholesterol gallstone formation. Lignin resulted in a decrease of the deoxycholic acid concentration and in a rise of the cholic/chenodeoxycholic acid ratio. These changes which are similar to those observed with cholestyramine suggest that lignin acts as a bile acid sequestrant. Psyllium hydrocolloid effected a similar shift of the cholic/chenodeoxycholic acid ratio but it also resulted in a rise of the deoxycholic concentration. This latter finding is not compatible with a bile acid sequestering role of this compound. The addition of alcohol to the drinking-water resulted in the formation of stones rich in pigment. Under these conditions the tendency to form such stones was not checked by either of the investigated substances.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 225-229 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Lupine Lupinus mutabilis gehört mit zu den ersten landwirtschaftlichen Nutzpflanzen der Andenkulturen Südamerikas. Noch heute spielt die Lupine eine Rolle bei der Proteinversorgung der Andenbewohner, allerdings nimmt der Anbau der Pflanze immer mehr ab. Auf Grund des hohen Ölund Proteingehaltes des Lupinensamens und der Anspruchslosigkeit der Pflanze kann ihr in Zukunft wieder mehr Bedeutung beigemessen werden. Hierfür sind jedoch noch folgende Untersuchungen notwendig: 1. Züchterische Bearbeitung 2. Technologische Studien zur Öl- und Ölkuchenproduktion und deren Verwertung 3. Vorklinische und klinische Untersuchungen 4. Akzeptabilitätstests
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 184-217 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Metabolic effects of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, xylitol and their combinations during intravenous application in men were investigated. The totale and metabolic clearance, the renal and metabolic elimination, the half-time and the turnover rate were measured. For all sugars intravenous long-term infusions from six to twelve hours were performed. Up to a dosage of 0.75 g/kg/h for glucose 0.5 g/kg/h for sorbitol and 0.25 g/kg/h for fructose and xylitol a steady state of substrates and metabolites has been found. If these dosage-limits are exceeded during glucose application a hyperglucosemia, after sorbitol a continous rise in sorbitol blood level, during fructose a rise in lactate and during xylitol infusion clinical side effects occurred. It could be shown that during simultaneous application of glucose, fructose and xylitol the utilization of glucose rises whereas the utilization of fructose and xylitol remain on such levels as if these sugar were infused alone.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für die Kohlenhydrate Glukose und Fruktose sowie die Polyalkohole Sorbit und Xylit und deren Mischungen wurden die totale Clearance, die metabolische Clearence, die totale, metabolische und renale Eliminationskonstante, die biologische Halbwertzeit und die mittlere Umsatzzeit berechnet. Voraussetzung hierzu waren intravenöse Dauerinfusionen mit den jeweiligen Kohlenhydraten über Zeiträume von mindestens sechs Stunden. Während dieser Zeit mußte sich ein Fließgleichgewicht der Substratspiegel im Blut und der Folgemetaboliten sowie eine konstante Kohlenhydratelimination ausgebildet haben. Diese Zufuhrraten betragen über sechs Stunden für Glukose 0,75 g/kg, für Sorbit 0,5 g/kg, für Fruktose 0,25 g/kg und für Xylit ebenfalls 0,25 g/kg. Bei Überschreiten dieser Dosierungsgrenzen kommt es nach Glukosezufuhr zur Hyperglykämie, nach Sorbit zum kontinuierlichen Anstieg des Sorbitspiegels, nach Fruktose zur kontinuierlichen Laktaterhöhung, nach Xylit zu klinischen Nebenwirkungen, welche auf eine Elektrolytverschiebung zurückgeführt werden könnten. Es gelang durch Messung der Substratkonzentration und der totalen Clearance der Nachweis, daß während gleichzeitiger Applikation von Glukose, Fruktose und Xylit die Verwertung der Glukose ansteigt, die von Fruktose und Xylit aber ebenso groß bleibt, als wenn diese Substrate alleine infundiert worden wären.
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem Wachstumstest an Ratten wurde die Proteinqualität von Lupinus mutabilis im Vergleich zu Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus und Soja getestet. Der niedrige PER-Wert von 37,1%, bezogen auf Kasein (=100%), liegt in dem starken Mangel an Methionin begründet und läßt sich durch Zumischen von 0,6% DL-Methionin oder eines an schwefelhaltigen Aminosäuren reichen Samens, wie Chenopodium quinoa, auf 133,7% oder 97,0 bzw. 108,4%, bezogen auf das Testprotein, steigern. Wachstumshemmende Proteine, wie Trypsinhemmer, die in vielen Leguminosen vorhanden sind, scheinen nicht oder nur im geringen Maße im Samen von Lupinus mutabilis vorhanden zu sein.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 251-251 
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 235-243 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The influence of oral milk foods on the fatty acid pattern of the total serumlipids was examined on 58 healthy infants and small children. It is known that the newborn's fatty acid pattern is different to that of the adult's. These differences pertain chiefly to the essential linoleic acid and arachidonic acid as well as to the other fatty acids. The time of adaptation to the adult's fatty acid pattern was to be ascertained. The result was that a speedy approximation depended on the food used and it's particular fatty acid pattern.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 58 gesunden Säuglingen und Kleinkindern wurde der Einfluß oraler Säuglingsmilchnahrungen auf das Fettsäuremuster der Serumgesamtlipide untersucht. Bekanntlich unterscheidet sich das Fettsäuremuster des Neugeborenen von dem des Erwachsenen. Diese Unterschiede betreffen neben anderen Fettsäuren vornehmlich die essentielle Linolsäure und Arachidonsäure. Es sollte der Zeitpunkt einer Adaptation an das Fettsäuremuster des Erwachsenen ermittelt werden. Dabei stellte sich heraus, daß eine rasche Annäherung von der verwendeten Nahrung und deren Fettsäuremuster abhängig ist.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 244-250 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The law protein nutrition of the nursing rat inhibits the growth of the new born rats. A percentage reduction of the dry substance by decrease of N2-free substances takes place. In relation to g dry substance the body protein content, collagen also, rises. Absolutely, these parts rest unaltered, just so the relation of the parenchymatous protein to collagen. The often support of view that starving provokes a collagen formation of the body, that means an exceed of the framework, can not be confirmed. Though in this paper we can give an explanation for the occurrence of this conclusion. Long interruptions of lactation periods remarkably have no effect on the growth and on the main compartments of the body of new born rats. Only tryptophane is reduced in favour of the serine-fraction in the body of those animals. We discuss this finding as a change of the metabolisme of tryptophane depending of stress.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die eiweißarme Ernährung der stillenden Rattenmutter hemmt das Wachstum des neugeborenen Wurfes. Dabei tritt eine prozentuale Reduktion der Trockensubstanz durch Verminderung von N2-freien Stoffen auf, so daß sowohl parenchymatöses als auch kollagenes Eiweiß im Trockenanteil des Körpers dieser Tiere gegenüber den Kontrollen überwiegt. Absolut gesehen bleiben aber diese Fraktionen unverändert bestehen; auch ist die Relation Parenchymeiweiß zu Kollagen — gemessen am Aminosäurenspektrum — konstant. Die oft vertretene Auffassung, daß das Hungern eine „Kollagenisierung“ des Körpers, also das Überwiegen des Gerüstanteiles, bedingt, wird nicht bestätigt, obgleich hier eine Erklärung für das Zustandekommen dieser Schlußfolgerung gegeben wird. Lange Unterbrechungen der Stillperioden rufen bemerkenswerterweise keine Auswirkungen auf das Wachstum und auf die Körperhauptkompartiments der neugeborenen Ratten hervor. Lediglich vermindert sich der Tryptophan- zugunsten des Serinanteiles im Körper dieser Tiere. Dieser Befund wird als belastungsbedingte Änderung im Tryptophanstoffwechsel diskutiert.
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    European journal of nutrition 14 (1975), S. 268-271 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Washed human erythrocytes metabolize 1,14μMol xylitol in 120 min under the following experimental conditions: pH 7.4 and 37° C. 2. The levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and ATP decrease during the incubation with xylitol. This decrease is not a specific effect of xylitol, but depends on the amount of C-atoms taken up. This could be shown in control experiments with fructose and glucose as substrates given separated or in combination with xylitol. The highest uptake of C-atoms has been observed with glucose plus xylitol as substrate. 3. 99% of the metabolized xylitol was recovered in the products lactate, Co2 and D-xylulose. 4. There was no measurable oxalate production from xylitol.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Gewaschene, menschliche Erythrozyten verstoffwechseln unter experimentellen Bedingungen (pH 7,4, 37° C) 1,14μMol Xylit in 120 min. 2. Der 2,3-DPG- und ATP-Spiegel fällt während der Inkubation mit Xylit ab. Dieser Abfall ist keine spezifische Wirkung des Xylits, sondern hängt von der Menge der aufgenommenen C-Atome ab. Dies zeigten Vergleichsuntersuchungen mit den Substraten Fruktose und Glukose allein und in Kombination mit Xylit. Die höchste Aufnahme an C-Atomen wurde mit Glukose+Xylit als Substrat erreicht. 3. Der verstoffwechselte Xylit wurde zu 99% in den Produkten Laktat, CO2 und D-Xylulose wiedergefunden. 4. Eine Oxalatbildung aus Xylit konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden.
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    European journal of nutrition 15 (1976), S. 294-300 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The methylester derivative of DNP-amino acid was examined by gaschromatography and amino acid shown in fig. 1 was detected. 2. The gaschromatography was more sensitive than the ion-exchange chromatography, but detectable peaks were few, and it must be further studied. 3. The measurements of five amino acids in food were almost coincident with those obtained by the ion-exchange method in literatures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Das Methylesterderivat der DNP-Aminosäure wurde auf gaschromatographischem Wege untersucht und die in Abb. 1 angeführten Aminosäuren nachgewiesen. 2. Die Gaschromatographie ist zwar im Vergleich zur Ionenaustausch-Chromatographie viel empfindlicher, zeigt aber nur wenige Peaks, die sich zum Nachweis eignen. Es müssen daher erneute Nachweise durchgeführt werden. 3. Der gemessene Wert der 5 Aminosäurearten in den Nahrungsmitteln zeigte eine ziemlich genaue Übereinstimmung mit den in der Literatur angegebenen Ionenaustauschwerten.
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    European journal of nutrition 15 (1976), S. 311-312 
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    European journal of nutrition 15 (1976), S. 301-304 
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    Notes: Summary The nutrient contents as well as the amino-acid pattern of the proteolan by-product were determined. The results showed the presence of 18 amino acids. Most of the essential amino acids are existing in optimal concentration with exception of the sulfur-containing amino acids which showed deficiencies. The animal experiments indicated high figures for the digestibility coefficient and low figures for both the biological and net protein-utilization values. Mixing the proteolan in equal proportion with barley rootlets, a by-product of malting, leads to a noticeable increase in the biological value.
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    European journal of nutrition 15 (1976), S. 333-339 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Lupinensamen wurde auf seinen Gehalt an Proteinen, Fetten, Kohlenhydraten, Faser- und Aschestoffen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden in g/100 g für trockenen Samen angegeben.Lupinus termis enthielt einen höheren Prozentsatz an Protein (40,36), 290 mg Calcium und 6,5 mg Eisen. 2. Alle essentiellen Aminosäuren mit Ausnahme von schwefelhaltigen Aminosäuren und Lysin sind in angemessener Höhe enthalten. 3. Das Kochen der Samen bewirkte eine leichte Verminderung der Aminosäuren mit Ausnahme von Tryptophan und Lysin, wo nach dem Kochen ein leichter Anstieg zu verzeichnen war. 4. An toxischen Stoffen sind in den Samen der Trypsin-Inhibitor, der bei Hitzebehandlung zerstört wird, und Alkaloide enthalten. Letztere wurden durch dreitägiges Einweichen der Samen unter laufendem Wasser eliminiert. 5. Der Nährwert der entbitterten Samen wurde durch Zusätze von Lysin und Methionin erhöht.
    Notes: Summary 1. General analysis of the seeds for protein, fats, carbohydrates, fiber and ash contents were carried out and the results were given in g/100 g dry seeds.Lupinus termis contained a higher percentage of protein (40.36), 290 mg calcium and 6.5 mg iron. 2. All the essential amino acids are present in fair amounts with the exception of sulphur-amino acids and Lysine. 3. Cooking the seeds resulted in a slight decrease of most of the amino acids with the exception of Tryptophan and Lysine, which exhibited a slight increase after cooking. 4. Of the toxic substances present in the seeds is Trypsin inhibitor, which was destroyed by heat treatment, and alkaloids, which were removed by soaking the seeds three days in running tap water. 5. Supplementing the debittered seeds with Lysine and Methionine resulted in an increase in its nutritive value.
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    European journal of nutrition 17 (1978), S. 52-57 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A new enzymatic method for simultaneous estimation of radioactivity of 1-14C-glucose and 1-14C-fructose is described. It is based on the isomerisation of 1-14C-fructose to 1-14C-glucose by phosphoglucoseisomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) and on its enzymatic removal as ribulose-5-phosphate and14CO2. The method is specific, reproducible, and gives over 97 % recoveries of glucose and fructose concentrations up to 11 mmol/l in aquos and biological solutions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird eine neue enzymatische Methode zur gleichzeitigen Radioaktivitätsbestimmung von 1-14C-Glukose und 1-14C-Fruktose. Prinzip ist die Umwandlung von 1-14C-Fruktose in 1-14C-Glukose mit Phosphoglukoseisomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) und anschließende Umwandlung der gebildeten 1-14C-Glukose in Ribulose-5-phosphat und14CO2. Das Verfahren ist spezifisch, gut reproduzierbar und ergibt Wiederfindungsraten in wäßrigen und biologischen Flüssigkeiten von 97 % bis zu Glukose- und Fruktose-Konzentrationen von 11 mmol/l.
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    Notes: Summary In maturity onset diabetes the blood levels of total blood keto acids in terms of pyruvic, serum citric, calcium are significantly higher than in normal adults, while there is a decrease in reduced-blood glutathione, serum zinc, potassium and sodium levels. There were no significant differences between diabetes and normal adults in the serum levels of copper, ceruloplasmin oxidase activity, iron and magnesium.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 8-15 
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    Notes: Summary Chemical and biological evaluation of both the edible and nonedible portion of banana fruit was carried out. The possibility of using the nonedible portion (peel) as animal feed was also explored. The results showed a remarkable difference concerning the chemical composition of both the edible and nonedible portions. The amino acid contents were proved to be vastly deficient with regard to the indispensable amino acids with exception of phenylalanine which was found in good amounts in the edible portion (pulp). The biological results demonstrated that neither the pulp nor the peel portions yielded good P.E.R. values when used at 6% protein level. The P.E.R values showed negative values which amounted to −1.75, −5.85 and −4.67 for the pulp and peel diets respectively. Incorporation of the stock diet to the peel diet resulted in a slight increase which amounted to 6% in both male and female rat groups.
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    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 23-25 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Repräsentative Stichproben von Leinsamen-Mehl der 19 produktiven Mühlen in ägypten wurden gesammelt. Der prozentuale Anteilswert der Nährstoffe dieser Stichproben betrug: 6,55±0,22 Feuchtigkeit, 93,45±0,22 Trockensubstanz, 11,19±0,60 ätherextrakt, 26,97±0,59 Eiweiß, 11,18±0,43 Rohfaser, 36,10±0,60 freier N, 8,00±0,38 Asche, 0,39±0,03 Kalzium, 0,89±0,04 Phosphor. Der durchschnittliche Brennwert des Mehls betrug 435,81±3,16 kcal pro 100 g.
    Notes: Summary Representative samples of linseed meal were collected from the productive nineteen oil mills of Egypt. The averages of nutrients in the mentioned samples Were 6.55±0.22, 93.45±0.22, 11.19±0.60, 26.97±0.59, 11.18±0.43, 36.10±0.60, 8.00±0.38, 0.39±0.03 and 0.89±0.04 for moisture, dry matter, ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, ash, calcium and phosphorus respectively. The average of the calculated calorific value was 435.81±3.16 kcal per 100 gram of the meal.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 335-336 
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    Notes: Summary The 2 phosphomonoesterases of the root-knot nematode were colorimetrically determined. Alkaline phosphatase activity was observed to be lower than the acid phosphatase activity. Sex related trends were clearly seen in the enzyme levels of the 2 sexes of thenematode. Alkaline phosphatase level differed 28.76%, while acid phosphatase level differed 60.36% in the 2 sexes.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1256-1257 
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    Notes: Summary Streptozotocin was injected in normal mice every 4h, during the day. Greatest number of diabetic animals were obtained at 16.00 h (95%) and lowest at 08.00 h (50%). Magnitude of hyperglycemia also showed similar distribution. This effect might be considered when planning its use for both experimental and clinical purposes.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 834-835 
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    Notes: Summary The confused state of the existing knowledge regarding the cell types in peripheral blood and hematopoiesis of fishes has been highlighted. Inadequacies of techniques presently used have been pointed out and the advantages of using Graham-Knoll's method for haemoglobin staining when counter stained with Giemsa together with autoradiography using tritiated thymidine have been demonstrated.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 840-842 
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    Notes: Summary Transmission and scanning electron microscopy indicate that rabbit platelets incubated in protein-poor medium retain their reactivity to shape change-inducing agents such as 5-hydroxytryptamine, adenosine-5′-diphosphate and chlorpromazine. Such platelets may be used as models for drug-membrane interactions, e.g. in neuronal cells.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 838-840 
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    Notes: Summary By means of an erythrocyte-antibody rosette technique, Fc receptors, functional at pH 6.0 but not at 7.2, were shown to be present on enterocytes isolated from duodenum and jejunum (but absent from ileum) of 12–20-day-old suckling rats.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 844-845 
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    Notes: Summary Serum levels of testosterone, FSH, LH and prolactin were measured by RIA in patients with BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy) and in control men. The testosterone concentrations in the BPH group were significantly lower than that of the control group. Serum concentrations of FSH, LH, prolactin and estradiol, did not differ significantly in the 2 groups.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 846-847 
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    Notes: Summary The stimulation of the crista ampullaris of the lateral canal by a short ampullopetal liquid flux produces on the pre-ganglionic vestibular fibres the appearance of a bimodal action potential. The amplitude of this action potential increases with the intensity of the stimulation. This stimulation also provokes the birth of an evoked potential at the level of the vestibular nuclei as well as an ocular jerk.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 879-880 
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    Notes: Summary The development of EEG in 8 male rats from 4 to 16 weeks age were studied chronically. Theta band had the highest power at 5–16 weeks. Especially after 11 weeks, theta band presented a signigicantly higher peak than that of 4-week-old. In contrast to this, delta band, which had the highest power at 4 weeks, was markedly decreased.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 861-862 
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    Notes: Summary Extracts of the male brush-organs of the vine moth,Phalaenoides glycinae Lew., have been found to contain 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenyl-2-phenylethanolacetate.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 877-878 
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    Notes: Summary Concentration of copper in seminal plasma was found to be less than that of normal in cases of oligospermia and azoospermia. It was more in oligoasthenospermia and asthenospermia when compared with that normal. Chances of initiation of sperm motility by copper is discussed alongwith the inhibitory role it plays.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 881-883 
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    Notes: Summary Studies on the distribution of ATP in microdissected segments of the rat brain indicate that the nucleotide is concentrated in gray matter, and especially in the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and sensorimotor cortex. These distribution studies in conjuction with previous neuropharmacological studies, support the concept that adenine nucleotides may function as intercellular mediators in various regions of the brain.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 885-886 
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    Notes: Summary The responses of Ca-dependent action potentials to premature stimulation were studied in the isolated canine ventricular muscle. When very premature stimuli were applied, supernormally augmented responses with propagation occurred, while responses with long preceding intervals were small and not conducted.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1025-1026 
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    Notes: Summary Regional variations were found in cAMP levels in flash frozen mouse brains with the pons and cerebellum having higher levels than the cerebrum. There were also strain variations with CBA/J and BALB/cJ having higher levels than C57B1/6J in the pons and cerebellum.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1079-1081 
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    Notes: Summary Probenecid increases plasma ketamine levels in mice concurrently with an enhancement of duration of loss of righting reflex. The magnitude of these changes is directly related to the dose of ketamine and intervals between administration of compounds. Plasma levels of anesthetic are similar for all animals upon termination of hypnosis.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1053-1054 
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    Notes: Summary Thermal analysis of high salt (0.5 M) washed ribosomal monomers from young and old maleDrosophila melanogaster revealed an 8°C downshift in the mean temperature of denaturation (Tm). Moreover, there was observed a marked loss in the ability of ribosomes extracted from older flies to reassociate upon cooling. These observations suggest that age-dependent alterations in the structural integrity of the rRNA-r protein complex could, at least in part, be responsible for the diminished capacity for protein synthesis in this species with advancing age.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1104-1107 
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    Notes: Summary Antibody against aflatoxin M1 was obtained after immunization of rabbits with bovine serum albumin-afla M1 oxime conjugate. The antibody has greatest binding efficiency for afla M1, and was less efficient for afla B1. Cross-reaction of antibody with aflatoxin Q1, aflatoxicol, and aflatoxin B2a was weak. Aflatoxin B2, G1, and G2 and afla B1-guanine adduct showed almost no cross-reaction with the antibody. The sensitivity of the binding assay for aflatoxin M1 detection is in the range of 1–10 ng per assay. Detailed methods for the preparation of the conjugate, production of immune serum, and methods for antibody determination are described.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1081-1083 
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    Notes: Summary Myelin basic protein (MBP) isolated from bovine spinal cord caused a marked shape change reaction of human blood platelets which was not accompanied by the release reaction and not inhibited by methysergide and spiroperidol. Only those basic proteins, including MBP, which had previously shown to exert neuronal depolarisation also induced the shape change reaction. Therefore, these findings may extend the use of platelets as neuronal models.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1094-1097 
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    Notes: Summary The localization of mutarotase in rat kidney was investigated by fluorescein-labelled and peroxidase-labelled antibody techniques, and by method of isolation of the nuclei and cytoplasm in non-aqueous solvents. In these immunohistochemical studies, mutarotase was almost exclusively recognized in the nuclei of epithelial cells of renal tubules and glomeruli in rat. The specific activity of mutarotase was found to be 1.5 times higher in the nuclei (122 units/g dry wt) than that in the cytoplasm (80 units/g dry wt) isolated with non-aqueous solvents. These results suggest that mutarotase may be involved in the metabolism of D-glucose in nuclei.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1099-1101 
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    Notes: Summary The SEM observation of the basal surface of the contractile cells in the boundary tissue of the seminiferous tubule of the rat has revealed that the contractile cells are extremely flat, vary in shape from rectangular to hexagonal, and are arranged close to each other, in the fashion of a tiled floor, around the seminiferous epithelium.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1110-1112 
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    Notes: Summary An alkaline hemoglobinolytic protease was extracted from the delayed hypersensitivity skin lesions induced by bovine γ-globulin as an antigen in the guinea-pig. The enzyme was heat-labile and inhibited by thiol-blocking reagents. The mol.wt was more than 100,000 and optimal pH around 9.
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    Notes: Summary The increase in methemoglobin reductase activity in human erythrocytes upon incubation with inosine, phosphate, pyruvate occurs only in the presence of methylene blue. No difference in activity of the methemoglobin reductases was observed between enzyme extracts of fresh cells and aged cells.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1113-1115 
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    Notes: Summary High-titer antibodies against bradykinin were raised in rabbits. 2 different conjugates of bradykinin were used for immunization: bradykinin coupled to human serum albumin via 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and bradykinin coupled to edestin via 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodiimide. The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay method is in the range of 1–50 pg of bradykinin. Cross-reaction of anti-bradykinin antisera occurred with kallidin and met-lysbradykinin.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1127-1128 
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    Notes: Summary An apparatus is described for culturing micro-algae in a discontinuous temperature gradient and a continuous light intensity gradient. The apparatus provides 100 different combinations of these abiotic factors at 1 time. The crossgradient culture apparatus is called ‘ecobox’.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1129-1130 
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    Notes: Summary A simple and non-destructive method for monitoring the dilution rate during continuous blood sampling is described. When the dilution rate is not constant, the proposed method based on electrical resistivity measurement provides a correction factor for further analysis.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1130-1130 
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