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  • Time Factors  (64)
  • Haplorhini  (40)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (99)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 1975-1979  (99)
Collection
Keywords
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (99)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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Year
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-10-19
    Description: Photosensitive membrane structures in the retinular cells of the Limulus lateral eye are broken down and renewed daily. The first light onset causes a rapid, synchronous disassembly and buildup of the rhabdom in each photoreceptor cell. The entire process is complete within 30 minutes. Blocking the efferent input to the retina from the brain blocks the turnover of the rhabdom, and mimicking the efferent input by optic nerve stimulation restores it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, S C -- Barlow, R B Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 19;206(4416):361-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Efferent Pathways/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Horseshoe Crabs/*physiology ; *Light ; Optic Nerve/physiology ; Photoreceptor Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Regeneration ; Retina/cytology/physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: A flickering light presented to the eye produces a small alternating voltage at the scalp of a subject. This alternating voltage indicates the following response of the brain to the flicker. If every other flash in the flicker is displaced temporally by as little as 30 microseconds, an asymmetry appears in the brain's alternating voltage. The results suggest an underlying mechanism that may enhance visual detection of high-frequency flicker.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diamond, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):708-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Evoked Potentials ; Flicker Fusion/physiology ; Humans ; Time Factors ; *Vision, Ocular
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-10
    Description: Color-opponent ganglion cells in the monkey retina respond to luminance flicker at high temporal frequencies. Color opponency, which makes these cells so selective of wavelength at low temporal frequencies, is progressively lost at high frequencies. This loss is due to a frequency-dependent phase shift between the responses of spectrally different center and surround mechanisms in the receptive field of each of these cells. Center and surround responses, which are antagonistic at low temporal frequencies, become synergistic at high ones, making these cells most responsive at high frequencies to those wavelengths to which they are least responsive at low frequencies. This phenomenon can explain the differences between chromatic and luminance flicker in human vision.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gouras, P -- Zrenner, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 10;205(4406):587-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Color ; Ganglia/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Light ; Retina/*physiology ; *Vision, Ocular
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1979-10-12
    Description: Dendritic branching in Purkinje and granule cells and the diameters of Purkinje cell somas were compared in several cerebellar areas of monkeys reared in isolation, with social experience, or in a large colony. In the colony-reared monkeys, spiny branchlets of Purkinje cells were more extensive in the paraflocculus and the nodulus than they were in the other two groups. Granule cell dendritic branching in the paraflocculus and nodulus did not differ across groups. In addition, Purkinje cell somas were larger in the uvula and the nodulus of the colony animals than in the other groups. These data indicate that the social and physical environment during development influences the morphology of cerebellar Purkinje cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Floeter, M K -- Greenough, W T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 12;206(4415):227-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/113873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Cerebellum/*growth & development ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Environment ; Haplorhini ; Macaca fascicularis ; Movement ; Purkinje Cells/*cytology
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frisch, R E -- McArthur, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 2;203(4383):921-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/419411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea/*etiology/physiopathology ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; Nutrition Disorders/complications ; Pregnancy ; Time Factors
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):985-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/112680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/physiopathology ; Animals ; Behavior/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Brain/*growth & development ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Preoptic Area/growth & development ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: When placed in a tank of water, aged rats (24 to 27 months old) showed marked impairments in swimming. Compared with young adult rats (3 to 4 months old), the older animals moved their limbs less vigorously and were less successful in keeping their heads above water. The young, but not old, rats maintained a position nearly horizontal to the water surface and planed across it. These movement dysfunctions of aged rats resemble those seen in young adult animals that have sustained injury to brain dopamine-containing neurons. The swimming impairments of the aged rats were reversed by the dopamine receptor stimulant apomorphine and by the biosynthetic precursor of dopamine, L-dopa. Thus, age-related alterations in brain dopaminergic systems may be responsible for some of the movement disturbances associated with senescence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, J F -- Berrios, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):477-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/504992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Apomorphine/therapeutic use ; Levodopa/therapeutic use ; Male ; Movement Disorders/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*physiology ; Swimming ; Time Factors
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-09-14
    Description: Single-dose administration of pergolide mesylate (100 to 400 micrograms) results in a dose-related inhibition of prolactin secretion which persists for more than 24 hours. During multiple-dose administration of pergolide, plasma prolactin concentrations remain markedly reduced (greater than 80 percnet) and gradually return to control levels several days after drug administration is discontinued.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lemberger, L -- Crabtree, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 14;205(4411):1151-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/382359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ergolines/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Placebos ; Prolactin/blood ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: High-resolution autoradiography and fine structural analysis of adult newt heart tissue in long-term culture revealed that tritiated thymidine was concentrated in the nuclei of dedifferentiated myocardial cells. Mitotic chromosomes were observed in some of these cells. This demonstrates that adult amphibian myocardial cells in vitro are capable of DNA synthesis and mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nag, A C -- Healy, C J -- Cheng, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1281-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; *Mitosis ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Salamandridae ; Time Factors
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-22
    Description: Echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) can detect changes as small as 500 nanoseconds in the arrival time of sonar echoes when these changes appear as jitter or alternations in arrival time from one echo to the next. The psychophysical function relating the bat's performance to the magnitude of the jitter corresponds to the half-wave rectified cross-correlation function between the emitted sonar signals and the echoes. The bat perceives the phase or period structure of the sounds, which cover the 25- to 100-kilohertz frequency range, as these are represented in the auditory system after peripheral transformation. The acoustic image of a sonar target is apparently derived from time-domain or periodicity information processing by the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 22;204(4399):1336-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Movement ; Orientation/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-01-19
    Description: Human speech and animal sounds contain phonemes with prominent and meaningful harmonics. The biosonar signals of the mustache bat also contain up to four harmonics, and each consists of a long constant-frequency component followed by a short frequency-modulated component. Neurons have been found in a large cluster within auditory cortex of this bat whose responses are facilitated by combinations of two or more harmonically related tones. Moreover, the best frequencies for excitation of these neurons are closely associated with the constant-frequency components of the biosonar signals. The properties of these neurons make them well suited for identifying the signals produced by other echolocating mustache bats. They also show how meaningful components of sound are assembled by neural circuits in the central nervous system and suggest a method by which sounds with important harmonics (or formants) may be detected and recognized by the brain in other species, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suga, N -- O'Neill, W E -- Manabe, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 19;203(4377):270-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/760193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1979-04-13
    Description: The anterior cingulate cortex receives thalamic afferents mainly from the midline and intralaminar nuclei rather than the anterior thalamic nuclei. In contrast, the posterior cingulate cortex receives afferents primarily from the anterior thalamic nuclei and from extensive cortical areas in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. These contrasting afferents may provide a structural basis for pain-related functions of the anterior cingulate cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogt, B A -- Rosene, D L -- Pandya, D N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 13;204(4389):205-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/107587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/cytology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*cytology/physiology ; Haplorhini ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Macaca mulatta ; Thalamic Nuclei/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: Monkeys of four species were trained to discriminate between sets of natural tonal calls of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) by the position of a frequency-inflection peak or by initial pitch. The Japanese macaques consistently performed best on peak position and the other species on pitch. The results imply special strategies for perceptional processing of vocal sounds and suggest parallels with human speech perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zoloth, S R -- Petersen, M R -- Beecher, M D -- Green, S -- Marler, P -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):870-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/108805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Administration of a single oral dose of five phenylphosphonothioate esters produced delayed neurotoxicity in hens; their potency was, in descending order, cyanofenphos, EPN, desbromoleptophos, leptophos, and EPBP (Seven). Histological examination showed that in some hens there was marked axonal and myelin degeneration in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The results suggest that delayed neurotoxicity may be a general feature of phenylphosphonothioate insecticides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abou-Donia, M B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):713-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/462181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxia/chemically induced ; Chickens ; Demyelinating Diseases/chemically induced ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Insecticides/*toxicity ; Nerve Degeneration ; *Neurotoxins ; *Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Time Factors
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-03
    Description: The contrast sensitivity of the rhesus monkey was tested, according to a modified reaction-time paradigm, for sine-wave grating targets at different orientations. The monkey possesses an oblique effect slightly larger than that of humans. A reaction time analysis showed the oblique effect to be a suprathreshold as well as a threshold phenomenon. The presence of this effect further strengthens the use of the monkey as a model for the human visual system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boltz, R L -- Harwerth, R S -- Smith, E L 3rd -- R01 EY001139/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 3;205(4405):511-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Species Specificity ; *Visual Perception
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: By using 4.45-angstrom radiation generated by Cl+15 ions in a laser plasma and nanosecond exposures, low-angle x-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from dried rat spinal nerves and a powder of cholesterol. Three to four 400-picosecond, 45-joule pulses were required for the exposure. This new technique should have wide application in structural kinetic studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frankel, R D -- Forsyth, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):622-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cholesterol ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Lasers ; Neurons/*ultrastructure ; Rats ; Time Factors ; X-Ray Diffraction/*methods
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Pontiac fever affected ten men who had cleaned a steam turbine condenser with compressed air. Previous epidemics of Pontiac fever and Legionnaires' disease--both caused by Legionella Pneumophila (proposed sp. nov.)--involved "airborne spread" from air-conditioning cooling towers or evaporative condensers. Aerosols of contaminated water in heat-rejection systems appear to be important sources of epidemic legionellosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, D W -- Deubner, D C -- Hill, D L -- Gilliam, D K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):690-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/462175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Air Microbiology ; Humans ; Legionnaires' Disease/*etiology/microbiology/transmission ; Male ; Occupational Medicine ; Time Factors
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Discharges of Purkinje cells were recorded from the vermis, lobules VI and VII, of a monkey trained to track a visual target. When the monkey tracked a sinusoidally oscillating target, cellular activity changes in phase with the velocity signal of the eye movement. When the monkey fixated a stationary point, almost identical modulation in activity occurred, reflecting the velocity signal of the motion of the retinal image of the target. The data suggest that the vermis participates in the control of smooth pursuit eye movements by providing the oculomotor system with the actual target velocity information which is the sum of eye velocity and retinal image velocity signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kase, M -- Noda, H -- Suzuki, D A -- Miller, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):717-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/111350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Eye Movements ; Haplorhini ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Proprioception ; Purkinje Cells/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-23
    Description: More than 19,000 multisign utterances of an infant chimpanzee (Nim) were analyzed for syntactic and semantic regularities. Lexical regularities were observed in the case of two-sign combinations: particular signs (for example, more) tended to occur in a particular position. These regularities could not be attributed to memorization or to position habits, suggesting that they were structurally constrained. That conclusion, however, was invalidated by videotape analyses, which showed that most of Nim's utterances were prompted by his teacher's prior utterance, and that Nim interrupted his teachers to a much larger extent than a child interrupts an adult's speech. Signed utterances of other apes (as shown on films) revealed similar non-human patterns of discourse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Terrace, H S -- Petitto, L A -- Sanders, R J -- Bever, T G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 23;206(4421):891-902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/504995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Communication ; Animals ; Humans ; Language Development ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*physiology ; Semantics ; Sign Language ; Time Factors
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-10
    Description: The subicular cortices of the primate hippocampal formation form a physical and connectional link between the cortex of the temporal lobe and the hippocampus. Their direct connections with all classes of cortex in the temporal lobe except primary sensory cortex underscore the pivotal role of these areas in the potential interplay between the hippocampal formation and the association cortices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Hoesen, G W -- Rosene, D L -- Mesulam, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 10;205(4406):608-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Haplorhini ; Hippocampus/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Temporal Lobe/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: Damage to DNA appears to be the major cause of most cancer and genetic birth defects and may contribute to aging and heart disease as well. The agents that cause this damage must be identified. Many of these agents are natural chemicals present in the human diet as complex mixtures. The tens of thousands of man-made chemicals that have been introduced into the environment in the last few decades must also be tested for their ability to damage DNA. Existing animal tests and human epidemiology alone are inadequate for this task because of time, expense, and the difficulty of dealing with complex mixtures, Newly developed short-term tests, most of them assaying for mutagenicity, are discussed as key tools in identifying environmental mutagens and carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ames, B N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):587-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carcinogens ; DNA/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Environmental Exposure ; Ethylene Dibromide ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; Flame Retardants ; Furylfuramide ; Hair Dyes ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; *Mutagens ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Risk ; Salmonella/drug effects ; Smoking/complications ; Time Factors
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: The effect of physostigmine on recent memory was evaluated in young and aged rhesus monkeys. All aged monkeys had previously shown impaired memory. The performance of the young monkeys treated with physostigmine was similar to that recently reported for young humans--no effects at low doses, some improvement at a restricted range of doses, and deficits at the highest dose. Although the aged subjects also improved at the same general doses, their overall response as a group was much more variable than that of the younger subjects. The performance of some aged monkeys was impaired by low doses that did not affect young monkeys. Continued improvement was observed in some aged monkeys at the highest dose, which typically impaired young monkeys. These variable effects across aged subjects suggest that physostigmine cannot easily or reliably be used as an agent for treating geriatric cognition. Nevertheless, the differential age-related effects suggest that appropriate manipulation of the cholinergic system may eventually be developed to alleviate some of the cognitive impairments suffered by aged subjects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartus, R T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1087-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/227061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Aging ; Animals ; Cognition/physiology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Memory Disorders/drug therapy ; Memory, Short-Term/drug effects ; Physostigmine/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1979-04-13
    Description: Explants of subcutaneous connective tissue from adult BALB/c mice into plastic petri dishes were serially subcultured and tested for tumorigenicity in two ways: by the subcutaneous implantation of cells attached to plastic plates (1 by 5 by 10 millimeters), and by the subcutaneous injection of cells suspended in saline. Cells grown in vitro for 18 or more days before being implanted attached to a plastic plate (2.4 x 10(4) to 3.4 x 10(5) cells per plate) formed tumors after 24 to 79 weeks. The latent period before tumor appearance correlated inversely with the time spent by the cells in tissue culture. Cells inoculated in saline suspension (10 to 100 times the above number per plate) did not form tumors until after 84 days in vitro; plates alone did not induce tumor formation within more than 1 1/2 years of implantation. The tumors arising from the plate-attached cells were transplantable without plates and histologically appeared to be undifferentiated sarcomas. It is well established that smooth-surfaced foreign bodies, regardless of their chemical composition, will produce sarcomas when transplanted subcutaneously in rodents. We interpret our data, particularly the decrease in tumor latent period with time spent in tissue culture, as indicating that a smooth surface was acting as a carcinogen first in vitro (the surface of the tissue culture dish) and then in vivo (the surface of the plastic plate).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boone, C W -- Takeichi, N -- Eaton, S D -- Paranjpe, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 13;204(4389):177-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Connective Tissue/pathology ; Female ; Foreign-Body Reaction/*complications ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*etiology ; *Plastics ; Sarcoma, Experimental/etiology ; Time Factors
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: Three-day-old rats that were separated from their mothers and deprived of food were found to be capable of feeding either from small puddles of milk or when milk was infused into the front of their mouths. Such feeding was accompanied by a dramatic increase in behavioral activity and only occurred in a warm environment. These data demonstrate that neural systems for ingestive behavior are present at birth and suggest the existence of feeding-related arousal or motivational systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):206-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Food Deprivation ; Movement ; Rats ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferris, S H -- Sathananthan, G -- Reisberg, B -- Gershon, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1039-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Dementia/drug therapy ; Humans ; Memory Disorders/*drug therapy ; Parasympathomimetics/*therapeutic use ; Time Factors
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: The absolute refractory period of neurons projecting from the corticomedial amygdala to the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic junction in rats was significantly increased by castration (from 1.01 to 1.61 milliseconds) and decreased again by testosterone (from 1.48 to 0.97 millisecond). Corticomedial amygdala neurons which projected to the capsule of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus were unaffected. These results demonstrate a specific, direct neuronal effect of testosterone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kendrick, K M -- Drewett, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):877-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/220709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Amygdala/drug effects ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Castration ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Hypothalamus, Anterior/drug effects ; Male ; Preoptic Area/drug effects ; Rats ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Testosterone/*pharmacology ; Time Factors
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-22
    Description: Old memory, when reactivated by cue exposure, was disrupted by mild or deep hypothermia treatments. New memory was impaired only by deep cooling. Moreover, old but not new learning showed spontaneous recovery. Old reactivated memory may be qualitatively different from newly acquired memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mactutus, C F -- Riccio, D C -- Ferek, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 22;204(4399):1319-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/572083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Amnesia/*physiopathology ; Amnesia, Retrograde/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Humans ; Hypothermia/*physiopathology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-04-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 13;204(4389):160-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Dust ; Environmental Exposure ; Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/etiology ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*etiology ; Occupational Diseases/etiology ; Plutonium ; Risk ; Time Factors
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-04-13
    Description: During fat digestion a number of physicochemical events can be seen directly by light microscopy. Under simulated physiological conditions, hydrolysis of emulsified fat droplets by human pancreatic lipase in the presence of colipase and bile salt micelles proceeds with the sequential formation of two visible product phases. A lamellar liquid crystalline or crystalline phase containing calcium and ionized fatty acid forms first; this is followed by the production of a "viscous isotropic" phase composed predominantly of monoglycerides and protonated fatty acids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patton, J S -- Carey, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 13;204(4389):145-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bile Acids and Salts/physiology ; Chemistry, Physical ; Colipases/metabolism ; Crystallography ; *Digestion ; Lipase/*metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Oils/*metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Solubility ; Time Factors
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: Competition assays for estradiol receptors in cytosol preparations of uteri from rhesus monkeys and humans showed that delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) does not compete with estradiol for intracellular estrogen recptors. Although isotopically labeled THC bound to macromolecules in uterine cytosol from the rhesus monkey, the binding was not displaced by unlabeled THC, diethylstilbestrol, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, or 5 alpha-dihydrostestosterone. Scatchard analyses indicated that high-affinity saturable binding of THC to cytosol did not occur. Thus the inhibitory effect of THC on gonadotropin and steroid secretion in primates is not mediated by the interaction of THC with intracellular steroid hormone receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R G -- Besch, N F -- Besch, P K -- Smith, C G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):325-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/107589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Diethylstilbestrol/metabolism ; Dronabinol/*pharmacology ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/*drug effects/metabolism ; Steroids/metabolism ; Uterus/*metabolism
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 20;205(4403):283.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Drug Evaluation ; Legislation, Drug ; Time Factors ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1979-03-09
    Description: Tritiated thymidine was found to affect the cell cycle progression of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes. By means of flow cytometry a statistically significant increase in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle was observed in cultures with low concentrations of tritiated thymidine added 18 hours before the cultures were harvested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pollack, A -- Bagwell, C B -- Irvin, G L 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 9;203(4384):1025-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation/*radiation effects ; Lymphocytes/*radiation effects ; Mitosis/radiation effects ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Thymidine/pharmacology ; Time Factors ; *Tritium
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: A type C retrovirus was isolated from a continuous cell line established from a spontaneous esophageal carcinoma of a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulata) by prolonged cocultivation with canine cells. A DNA transcript of the viral RNA hybridized to a high level and kinetic analysis indicated the presence of multiple copies of the viral genome in rhesus monkey DNA, showing that the virus is endogenous in this species. The rhesus monkey virus closely resembles, in several respects, an endogenous type C virus previously isolated from stumptailed macques (Macaca arctoides), aa species closely related to rhesus monkeys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rabin, H -- Benton, C V -- Tainsky, M A -- Rice, N R -- Gilden, R V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):841-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/87013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*microbiology ; Macaca mulatta/*microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Retroviridae/enzymology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Viral Proteins/analysis/immunology
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: Using an immunocytochemical method for the localization of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), we have observed GABAergic nerve terminals distributed throughout all layers of normal monkey sensorimotor cortex. These terminals displayed ultrastructural characteristics that suggested that they arose from aspinous and sparsely spinous stellate neurons. In monkeys (Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis) made epileptic by cortical application of alumina gel, a highly significant numerical decrease of GAD-positive nerve terminals occurred at sites of seizure foci indicating a functional loss of GABAergic inhibitory synapses. A loss of such inhibition at seizure foci could lead to epileptic activity of cortical pyramidal neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ribak, C E -- Harris, A B -- Vaughn, J E -- Roberts, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):211-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Epilepsies, Partial/*physiopathology ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/*metabolism ; Glutamates/metabolism ; Haplorhini ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; Motor Cortex/metabolism ; Nerve Endings/enzymology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: Event-related potentials associated with detected targets in a vigilance task were analyzed in two ways: (i) by sorting the potentials in terms of sequential reaction time bins of 50 milliseconds and (ii) by examining the single trial waveforms. A negative component (N2) covaried in latency with reaction time. These results support the hypothesis that N2 reflects a decision process which controls behavioral responses in sensory discrimination tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritter, W -- Simson, R -- Vaughan, H G Jr -- Friedman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1358-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Pitch Discrimination/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-02
    Description: Two parallel neural pathways are primarily responsible for the control of saccadic eye movements--one mediated through the frontal eye fields and the other through the superior colliculus. When both pathways are disrupted, control of saccadic eye movements is lost. Disruption of either pathway alone produces only subtle deficits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiller, P H -- True, S D -- Conway, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 2;206(4418):590-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/115091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; *Eye Movements ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Reflex/physiology ; Saccades ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: Squirrel monkeys self-administered cocaine by pressing a lever while under a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. At the same time, they terminated the availability of self-administered cocaine by pressing a second lever while under a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. The maintenance of behavior by schedule drug injections and by termination of scheduled drug injections, usually considered to be processes associated with different classes of drugs, can occur simultaneously when behavior is controlled by different contingencies associated with a single drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spealman, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1231-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Saimiri ; Self Administration/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: Long-term amphetamine administration to cats (a mean of 8.75 milligrams per kilogram twice daily for 10 days) produced large decreases (40 to 67 percent in serotonin and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in all brain regions examined. This treatment also produced several behaviors that are dependent on depressed central serotonergic neurotransmission, and which normally are elicited exclusively by hallucinogenic drugs. Short-term amphetamine administration (15 mg/kg) did not produce these behaviors and resulted in small decreases in brain serotonin and no change in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These data are discussed in the context of monoamine theories of schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trulson, M E -- Jacobs, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/572992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Chemistry/*drug effects ; Cats ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/*physiopathology ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: The normal ovarian cycle of female rats is typically replaced by persistent estrus when these animals are housed under constant light. Evidence presented here shows that the maintenance of periodicity in the environment can at least delay (if not prevent) the photic induction of persistent vaginal estrus. Female rats in constant light were exposed to vaginal smearing at random times or at the same time every day. In another experiment, female rats were exposed to either constant bright light, constant dim light, or a 24-hour photic cycle of bright and dim light. The onset of persistent vaginal estrus was delayed in rats exposed to 24-hour time cues even though the light intensities were the same as or greater than those for the aperiodic control groups. The results suggest that the absence of 24-hour time cues in constant light contributes to the induction of persistent estrus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weber, A L -- Adler, N T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/571146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Estrus/*radiation effects ; Female ; *Light ; Periodicity/radiation effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 16;203(4385):1139-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/106469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta/physiology ; Male ; Pheromones ; Smell/*physiology
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 1979-09-28
    Description: In the brains of deceased schizophrenics who underwent long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs, the concentration of homovanillic acid (a dopamine metabolite) was significantly increased in the orbital frontal, cingulate, and temporal tip areas of the cortex, but not in the putamen or the nucleus accumbens. The concentration of homovanillic acid was normal in the brains of schizophrenics who were not treated with drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bacopoulos, N C -- Spokes, E G -- Bird, E D -- Roth, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 28;205(4413):1405-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Homovanillic Acid/metabolism ; Humans ; Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism ; Putamen/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: Repetitive stimulation (100 pulses per second for 1 second) of the Schafer collateral-commissural system of the rat hippocampus induces long-term potentiation of synaptic strength and produces significant changes in the subsequent endogenous phosphorylation of a 40,000-dalton protein from synaptic plasma membranes. This effect is not observed after stimulation in calcium-deficient media or after simulation at the rate of one pulse per second for 100 seconds. These findings provide evidence that repetitive synaptic activation can alter the phosphorylation machinery of the synaptic region and suggest a biochemical process which may be involved in the production of neuronal plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Browning, M -- Dunwiddie, T -- Bennett, W -- Gispen, W -- Lynch, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):60-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/214855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 1979-08-31
    Description: Depletion of dopamine in a circumscribed area of association cortex in rhesus monkeys produces an impairment in spatial delayed alternation performance nearly as severe as that caused by surgical ablation of the same area. This behavioral deficit can be pharmacologically reversed with dopamine agonists such as L-dopa and apomorphine. These data provide direct evidence that dopamine plays an important role in a specific cortical function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brozoski, T J -- Brown, R M -- Rosvold, H E -- Goldman, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):929-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/112679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/drug effects/*physiology ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Haplorhini ; Levodopa/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Norepinephrine/physiology
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Kindling is an experimental model of epilepsy in which periodic brain stimulation induces the progressive development of electrical and behavioral seizures. A kindling-induced electrical seizure (afterdischarge) in the rat hippocampus produces prolonged neuronal supersensitivity to microiontophoretically applied acetylcholine after a latency of 40 to 60 minutes. Neuronal acetylcholine supersensitivity is correlated with the further progression of kindling. A larger hippocampal after-discharge is elicited by a subsequent kindling stimulus delivered in the presence of acetylcholine supersensitivity, but not by one delivered before the onset of the supersensitivity. The results suggest that alteration of synaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine may contribute to kindling and epileptogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burchfiel, J L -- Duchowny, M S -- Duffy, F H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1096-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology ; Rats ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 24;205(4408):770-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/111351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Defoliants, Chemical/*poisoning ; Dioxins/*poisoning ; Haplorhini ; Herbicides/*poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; *Military Medicine ; Vietnam
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Although exposure to inescapable shocks induced analgesia in rats, the analgesia was not manifest 24 hours later. A brief reexposure to shock, however, restored the analgesia. This reexposure to shock had an analgesic effect only if the rats had been shocked 24 hours previously. Further, long-term analgesic effects depended on the controllability of the original shocks and not on shock exposure per se. Implications of these results for learned helplessness and stress-induced analgesia are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, R L -- Maier, S F -- Coon, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):91-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/573496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Animals ; *Avoidance Learning ; *Electroshock ; Humans ; Rats ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Quantitative immunoelectrophoresis of rat brain synaptic proteins following a series of electroconvulsive stimulations demonstrated changes suggestive of an increase in the number of synaptic vesicles, in a preparedness for glycolytic demands, and a delayed development of a certain area in the brain. The increased synaptic remodeling may be important for the action of electroconvulsive therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, O S -- Bolwig, T G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):705-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/462178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; *Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Occipital Lobe/metabolism ; Rats ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: Isolated rat islets remain morphologically and functionally intact during a 7-day period of in vitro culture at 24 degrees C. In vitro culture of islets at 24 degrees C for 7 days prior to transplantation, in conjunction with a single injection of antiserum to lymphocytes into the diabetic recipient, results in islet allograft survival of 100 days when the islets are transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lacy, P E -- Davie, J M -- Finke, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):312-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/107588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antilymphocyte Serum ; Culture Techniques ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy ; Graft Survival ; Histocompatibility Antigens ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Male ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-31
    Description: The capacity to sustain attention at an efficient level deteriorates over time in discrimination and monitoring tasks. This "vigilance decrement" results from a decrement in perceptual sensitivity only if (i) target discrimination loads memory and (ii) stimulus events occur rapidly; otherwise, the decrement reflects temporal changes in response criteria. These results provide a basis for distinguishing between the perceptual and response processes underlying the vigilance decrement that may be generalized across a range of tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parasuraman, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):924-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attention/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Humans ; Memory/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-02-02
    Description: Responses of single units in primary motor and sensory cortex of behaving primates to electromagnetic stretch of the muscle flexor carpi ulnaris are comparable in latency and intensity to responses to wrist extension. Thus, muscle stretch appears to be a major factor in cortical response to limb displacement during performance and probably has an important role in motor control at the cortical level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolpaw, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 2;203(4379):465-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/104385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arm ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; *Movement ; Muscles/*innervation ; Neurons/physiology ; Proprioception
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: Long-term habituation training in Aplysia californica produces a profound depression in the efficacy of synaptic transmission between mechanoreceptor neurons and gill motor neurons. This depression persists for more than 3 weeks. Thus a critical synaptic site for plasticity underlying long-term habituation is the same as that for short-term habituation. For this simple form of learning, short- and long-term memory share a common locus and aspects of a common mechanism: synaptic depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castellucci, V F -- Carew, T J -- Kandel, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/214854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia ; Gills/physiology ; Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; *Reflex, Monosynaptic ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Synaptic Membranes/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Autoradiographic representation of the local rates of cerebral glucose utilization and local cerebral functional activity by means of the [14C]deoxyglucose technique reveals the existence of the ocular dominance columns in the striate cortex of the monkey in the first day of life. In contrast to the stability of these columns in more mature brain, monocular deprivation for 3 months from the first day of life results in their complete disappearance and a reversion of the autoradiographic pattern to that seen in animals with normal binocular vision. These results are consistent with a reorganization of the representation of the visual fields of the two eyes in the striate cortex and provide additional evidence of the plasticity of the striate cortex of the monkey in early life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Des Rosiers, M H -- Sakurada, O -- Jehle, J -- Shinohara, M -- Kennedy, C -- Sokoloff, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):447-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cell Differentiation ; Deoxy Sugars/*metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/*metabolism ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Male ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*cytology/physiology
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Intravenous injection of a sublethal dose of lead acetate into a domestic pig resulted in a 4.5-fold increase of guanine in the urine, indicating an impairment in the conversion of guanine to xanthine. This impairment is probably due to the inhibition of guanine aminohydrolase (guanase), since the activity of this enzyme is inhibited by Pb2+ (the inhibition constant being 3.0 X 10(-6)M). Postmortem histological examination revealed concretions of crystalline material in the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head. Extraction of the section containing the concretions showed that they were guanine. The relation of these findings to saturnine gout is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farkas, W R -- Stanawitz, T -- Schneider, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):786-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Femur Head/pathology ; Gout/chemically induced/*metabolism/pathology ; Guanine/*biosynthesis/urine ; Lead/*adverse effects ; Swine ; Time Factors
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Squirrel monkeys synchronized to a 24-hour light-dark cycle show a prominent circadian rhythm in body temperature which is regulated against mild environmental cold exposures throughout the 24-hour day. However, cold exposures produce significant decreases in core body temperature when the circadian rhythms of the animal are free-running in the absence of environmental time cues. Effective thermoregulation appears to require the precise internal synchronization of the circadian timekeeping system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuller, C A -- Sulzman, F M -- Moore-Ede, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/414356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cold Temperature ; Cues ; *Environment ; Environmental Exposure ; Haplorhini ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Saimiri ; Time Factors
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 1978-11-17
    Description: When the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in one hemisphere of a rhesus monkey is resected 6 weeks before birth and the fetus survives to postnatal ages, neurons of the corresponding cortex in the intact hemisphere issue a greatly expanded projection to the contralateral caudate nucleus in addition to a normal projection to the ipsilateral caudate. The enhancement of the crossed prefronto-caudate pathway after prenatal neurosurgery provides direct evidence for lesion-induced neuronal rearrangement in the primate telencephalon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):768-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/102031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Brain/embryology/growth & development ; Brain Mapping ; Cell Differentiation ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Neural Pathways/*cytology ; Synapses/*ultrastructure
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: In rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic lesions that abolish gonadotropic hormone release by the pituitary gland, the constant infusion of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fails to restore sustained gonadotropin secretion. In marked contrast, intermittent administration of the synthetic decapeptide once per hour, the physiological frequency of gonadotropin release in the monkeys, reestablishes pituitary gonadotropin secretion. This phenomenon is attributable to the pattern of GnRH delivery rather than to the amounts of this hormone to which the cells of the pituitary are exposed. Moreover, the initiation of continuous GnRH administration in animals with lesions and in which gonadotropin secretion is reestablished by intermittent GnRH replacement can result in a "desensitization" or "down regulation" of the processes responsible for gonadotropin release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belchetz, P E -- Plant, T M -- Nakai, Y -- Keogh, E J -- Knobil, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):631-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*secretion ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Haplorhini ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Macaca mulatta ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*drug effects/secretion
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: The average length of postpartum amenorrhea reported by breast-feeding women in rural Bangladesh in 1975 was 18 to 20 months. Its duration was found to be only slightly related to maternal nutritional status. There was no evidence of a threshold of weight for height necessary for the resumption of menses postpartum. Factors related to the duration of postpartum amenorrhea were maternal age, socioeconomic status, and supplemental feeding of the infant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huffman, S L -- Chowdhury, A K -- Mosley, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1155-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea/*etiology ; Body Water/metabolism ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Lactation ; Maternal Age ; Menstruation ; Nutrition Disorders/metabolism ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Rebound insomnia followed the withdrawal of three benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs, each of which had been administered in a single nightly dose for only short-term periods. The intense worsening of sleep is attributed to the short duration of the action of these drugs. A hypothesis involving benzodiazepine receptors in the brain is proposed in which there is a delay or lag in replacement of endogenous benzodiazepine-like molecules after the abrupt withdrawal of exogenous drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kales, A -- Scharf, M B -- Kales, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1039-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Benzodiazepines/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Flunitrazepam/adverse effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Nitrazepam/adverse effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/drug effects/metabolism ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/*etiology/metabolism ; *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism ; Syndrome ; Time Factors ; Triazolam/adverse effects/metabolism
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-12-15
    Description: Electron microscopic and tritiated thymidine autoradiographic analysis of the embryonic spinal cord in the rhesus monkey reveals considerable rearrangement of cellular and synaptic relationships in the posterior (sensory) quadrant during early developmental stages. This remodeling involves the death of an entire population of neurons that received synapses from sensory afferent axons and the possible relocation of these afferents upon subsequently generated viable substantia gelatinosa neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knyihar, E -- Csillik, B -- Rakic, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 15;202(4373):1206-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/103200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Cell Survival ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Gestational Age ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Spinal Cord/*embryology/ultrastructure ; Synapses/ultrastructure
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: Parameters of bone formation and resorption were measured in rats orbited for 19.5 days aboard the Soviet Cosmos 782 biological satellite. The most striking effects were on bone formation. During flight, rats formed significantly less periosteal bone than did control rats on the ground. An arrest line at both the periosteum and the endosteum of flight animals suggest that a complete cessation of bone growth occurred. During a 26-day postflight period, the defect in bone formation was corrected. No significant changes in bone resorption were observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morey, E R -- Baylink, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1138-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/150643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aerospace Medicine ; Animals ; *Bone Development ; Bone Matrix/physiology ; Bone Resorption ; Male ; Periosteum/physiology ; Rats ; *Space Flight ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Tetracycline ; Tibia/cytology/growth & development/physiology ; Time Factors ; Weightlessness
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: The muscle activity of normal ambulatory individuals was recorded continuously for 8-hour (working day) periods. Parameters of activity patterns were defined and numerical outcomes for these parameters were compared across a diverse population of muscles. Several pattern parameters, such as the average percentage of time active, were highly correlated with the percentage of type I fibers of a muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monster, A W -- Chan, H -- O'Connor, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):314-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Male ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: Near-adult cats, fasted overnight, and given a single meal of a complete amino acid diet without arginine, developed hyperammonemia and showed clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity within 2 hours. One cat (2.7 kilograms) died 4.5 hours after ingesting only 8 grams of the diet. Since ornithine also prevented hyperammonemia, it appears that the domestic cat cannot synthesize ornithine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morris, J G -- Rogers, Q R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):431-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Ammonia/*blood/toxicity ; *Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Arginine/*deficiency/metabolism ; Cats/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Ornithine/metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: Five Japanese macaques and five other Old World monkeys were trained to discriminate among field-recorded Japanese macaque vocalizations. One task required discrimination of a communicatively relevant acoustic feature ("peak"), and a second required discrimination of an orthogonal feature of the same vocalizations ("pitch"). The Japanese animals more proficiently discriminated the peak feature when stimuli were presented to the right ear (primarily left cerebral hemisphere), as opposed to the left ear (primarily right hemisphere). In discriminating the pitch feature, the Japanese animals either showed (i) a left-ear processing advantage or (ii) no ear advantage. The comparison animals, with one exception, showed no ear advantage in processing either feature of the vocalizations. The results suggest that Japanese macaques engage left-hemisphere processors for the analysis of communicatively significant sounds that are analogous to the lateralized mechanisms used by humans listening to speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petersen, M R -- Beecher, M D -- Zoloth, S R -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):324-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Discrimination Learning/physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Male ; Species Specificity ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: The pentapeptides methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin are both able to reduce experimentally induced amnesia in rats. In contrast to the possible analgesic activity of these peptides, the anti-amnesic effect is seen after systemic administration of dosages of 30 micrograms or lower. The nature of the anti-amnesic effect is different for the two peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rigter, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):83-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Carbon Dioxide/antagonists & inhibitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/*pharmacology ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Beginning at different ages in their preschool years, groups of chronically undernourished children from Colombian families of low socioeconomic status participated in a program of treatment combining nutritional, health care, and educational features. By school age the gap in cognitive ability between the treated children and a group of privileged children in the same city had narrowed, the effect being greater the younger the children were when they entered the treatment program. The gains were still evident at the end of the first grade in primary school, a year after the experiment had ended.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKay, H -- Sinisterra, L -- McKay, A -- Gomez, H -- Lloreda, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):270-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition/*physiology ; Education ; Environment ; Humans ; Learning Disorders/*prevention & control ; Nutrition Disorders/diet therapy/*physiopathology ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Ejaculations decreased and mount latencies increased when intact males were paired regularly over a 3.5-year period (3180 tests) with ovariectomized females made constantly receptive by daily injections of estradiol. The deterioration in potency was abruptly and completely reversed by substituting a group of new but similarly treated females for the original ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michael, R P -- Zumpe, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ejaculation ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Pair Bond ; Periodicity ; Seasons ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Testosterone/blood ; Time Factors
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the most active constituent of marihuana, decreased species-specific attack behavior in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys at doses (0.25 to 2.0 milligram per kilogram of body weight) that have no effects on other elements of the behavioral repertoire. Aggressive behavior was engendered in all three species by confronting a resident animal with an intruder conspecific. The present results contrast with the widely held belief that marihuana increases aggressive behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miczek, K A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1459-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*drug effects ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dronabinol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Saimiri ; Territoriality
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-14
    Description: Cocaine (2.0 milligrams per kilogram) given by the oral route is at least as effective as the same dose given intranasally. Cocaine is not detected in the plasma until 30 minutes after oral administration, but peak plasma concentrations are similar after both routes. The subjective "highs" in man are greater after oral than after intranasal administration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Dyke, C -- Jatlow, P -- Ungerer, J -- Barash, P G -- Byck, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 14;200(4338):211-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intranasal ; Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage/blood/pharmacology ; Euphoria/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Time Factors
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: Endogenous opiate-like peptides (endorphins) are putative neuroregulators located throughout the mammalian brainstem. There is some evidence for their role in pain, stress, and affect. We report that the opiate antagonist, naloxone, alters some schizophrenic symptoms. In a double-blind, cross-over study, naloxone produced decreases in auditory hallucinations in some schizophrenic patients. This finding supports the hypothesis that the endorphins may play a roll in modulating hallucinations in a highly selected subgroup of chronically hallucinating schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, S J -- Berger, P A -- Akil, H -- Mills, M J -- Barchas, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):73-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Endorphins/physiology ; Hallucinations/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid/drug therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: In two cebus (Cebus albifrons) monkeys given weekly oral doses of 0.25 milligram of haloperidol per kilogram, movement disorders appeared 1 to 8 hours after drug administration following the tenth weekly dose. These disorders included oral movements, peculiar postures, writhing, and stretching. Such reactions faded in intensity after the next two doses. Increasing the dose to 0.5 milligram per kilogram has elicited the disorders reliably after each weekly dose for almost 2 years. Similar reactions also developed in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurea) treated weekly with haloperidol and in a third cebus monkey previously maintained for a year on a regimen of 0.25 milligram of haloperidol per kilogram on 5 days per week. These findings suggest an experimental model for determining the etiology of drug-induced movement disorders. They also suggest an unrecognized clinical problem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, B -- Santelli, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):799-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; *Haloperidol/administration & dosage ; Haplorhini ; Time Factors
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: Recordings in identified neurons and muscles that mediate crayfish tailflips reveal inhibitory postsynaptic potentials of two distinct durations. Those of long duration are recorded in five classes of cells in the flexion circuit, while those of short duration are recorded in three classes of cells in the extension circuit. The durations of the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are matched to the durations of inhibition required by the different phases of the behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wine, J -- Hagiwara, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):557-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astacoidea/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Escape Reaction/physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Movement ; Muscles/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Synaptic Membranes/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: After 3 weeks of twice-daily administration of desipramine to rats, the frequency-response curve for field stimulation of adrenergic neurons in isolated left atrial strips was shifted markedly to the left and the efflux of [3H]norepinephrine was enhanced greatly. After 1 day of treatment, only slight shifts in the frequency-response curve and small increases in [3H]norepinephrine efflux occurred although inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake was already maximal, and phenoxybenzamine caused a further shift to the left in the frequency-response curve similar to that which occurred after 3 weeks of desipramine treatment alone. A gradual decrease in the sensitivity of the presynaptic alpha receptor would explain the delay in the onset of the linical effect of the tricyclic antidepressants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, F T -- Smith, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/211589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Desipramine/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Phenoxybenzamine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: Concentrations of luteinizing hormone in the serums of human neonates were altered when the neonates were exposed to prolonged, intense illumination (phototherapy) with their eyes covered. Concentrations decreased after 48 to 72 hours of exposure, increased 6 to 9 days after phototherapy, and subsequently returned to levels similar to those of controls. These data suggest that light may affect pituitary-gonadal function in the human neonate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dacou-Voutetakis, C -- Anagnostakis, D -- Matsaniotis, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1229-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal/blood/*therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone/*blood ; *Phototherapy ; Time Factors ; Vision, Ocular
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: Silicone pellets containing d-amphetamine base were implanted subcutaneously in rats. These pellets release amphetamine continuously for at least 10 days. Several days after implantation, swollen dopamine axons concomitant with large decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity were observed in the caudate nucleus. Decreased tyrosine hydroxylase activity was still present 110 days after pellet removal in the caudate but not in several other brain regions, nor in the caudate of rats injected with an equivalent amount of amphetamine in daily injections. This implies that continuous amphetamine administration has a selective neurotoxic effect on dopamine terminals in the caudate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ellison, G -- Eison, M S -- Huberman, H S -- Daniel, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):276-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/*metabolism ; Caudate Nucleus/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Drug Implants ; Male ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1978-03-10
    Description: Three adult male rhesus monkeys were tested daily with intact adult female partners over the course of four or five mentstrual cycles. The males were made permanently anosmic by chemical ablation of the olfactory epithelium after the second or fourth cycle was completed. All males continued to display typical cycles of copulation with their partners after the anosmia procedures, with the shortest latencies to ejaculation occurring during the periovulatory phase of the partner's ovulatory cycle. Hence, female attractivity and cyclic copulatory performance of rhesus monkeys are not dependent upon olfactory signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldfoot, D A -- Essock-Vitale, S M -- Asa, C S -- Thornton, J E -- Leshner, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 10;199(4333):1095-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation/*physiology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Menstruation ; *Odors ; Olfaction Disorders ; Vasectomy
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: The retinal pigment epithelium of RCS rats, previously thought not to phagocytize photoreceptor outer segments, exhibited a peak of phagocytosis in vivo when animals were kept under conditions of cyclic lighting (12 hours of darkness and 12 hours of light). The peak occurred at 1 hour after the onset of light, with maximum and minimum levels of phagocytosis averaging about 5 percent of that found in the pigment epithelium of Osborn-Mendel rats used as a control. Eyecups that were obtained from Osborn-Mendel rats and maintained for up to 3 hours in organ culture demonstrated levels of phagocytosis that were sevenfold greater than those of unincubated controls. Likewise a tenfold increase occurred in incubated as opposed to unicubated RCS eyes, raising the possibility that phagocytosis could be experimentally stimulated in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, A I -- O'Brien, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1023-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/567376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; Circadian Rhythm ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Phagocytes/ultrastructure ; *Phagocytosis ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: In cultures made from disaggregated human epidermal cells, growth to a confluent cell layer is followed by the emergence of patterns resembling those of human dermatoglyphs. These patterns reflect intrinsic properties of kertinocytes. In vivo, only the epidermis of the volar surfaces forms patterns, but in culture, patterns are formed by epidermal cells from other sites as well. Patterns develop by a process of cell movement which first produces ridges and then curves the ridges into figures of increasing complexity, ultimately whorls.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, H -- Thomas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1385-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; *Dermatoglyphics ; Embryonic Induction ; Epidermis/*cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Humans ; Time Factors
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-08-11
    Description: The hypothesis that rods mediate iconic storage was tested by presenting letters of one color against a field of another. The colors were chosen to be discriminable only by the cones, only by the rods, or both. Under dark adaptation, the rods had little if any effect on partial-report advantage; however, they were important in determining the phenomenal persistence of the stimulus. Under light adaptation, the rods played no apparent role in either type of persistence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adelson, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 11;201(4355):544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afterimage/*physiology ; Color Perception/physiology ; Dark Adaptation ; Form Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/*physiology ; Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-08-11
    Description: Diet-induced atherosclerosis developed more extensively in vasectomized cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) than in sham-vasectomized control monkeys fed the same diet. The effect was most pronounced in the abdominal aortas, carotid arteries, distal segments of the coronary arteries, and intracranial cerebral arteries. Antibodies to sperm developed in all vasectomized monkeys, and complement and immunoglobulins were associated with atherosclerotic plaques in some of the vasectomized animals. The immunological response to sperm antigens that often accompanies vasectomy may exacerbate atherosclerosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexander, N J -- Clarkson, T B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 11;201(4355):538-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/96532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteries/immunology/pathology ; Arteriosclerosis/*etiology/immunology/pathology ; Autoantibodies ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cholesterol Esters/metabolism ; Diet, Atherogenic ; Haplorhini ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Spermatozoa/immunology ; Vasectomy/*adverse effects
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-08-11
    Description: Rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose between intravenous injections of cocaine and food reinforcement for lever pressing. A choice trial was available every 15 minutes continuously for 8 days. The animals chose cocaine almost exclusively, which resulted in high cocaine intake, decreased food intake, weight loss, and marked behavioral toxicity. The study provides evidence of the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aigner, T G -- Balster, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 11;201(4355):534-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/96531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Body Weight ; Choice Behavior/*drug effects ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Decision Making/*drug effects ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Posture ; *Reinforcement (Psychology)
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Female savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus) had a longer postpartum amenorrhea and thereafter cycled longer before conceiving if their previous infant survived than if that infant died. Among mothers of surviving infants, differences in maternal care produced differences in age of weaning and age of independence but did not result in differences in interbirth intervals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altmann, J -- Altmann, S A -- Hausfater, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1028-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea ; Animals ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Maternal Behavior ; Papio/*physiology ; *Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction ; Time Factors ; Weaning
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: The effect on intellectual ability of the spacing of the birth of siblings was studied in two series of young men from two-child families: (i) 535 pairs of brothers and (ii) 1511 unrelated firstborn and secondborn. Birth-order effect and level of ability were not influenced by length of interval between firstborn and secondborn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belmont, L -- Stein, Z -- Zybert, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):995-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/568823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Birth Order ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 3;199(4332):960-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/414357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/embryology/surgery ; Eye/embryology/innervation ; Fetus/*surgery ; Haplorhini ; Nervous System/*embryology ; Neural Pathways/embryology ; *Neurosurgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Primates/*embryology/surgery ; Research ; Visual Cortex/embryology/surgery
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Maternal deprivation was associated with a decline in immunoreactive growth hormone in the serum of rat pups. Pups that were returned to the mother showed a rapid reversal in this deprivation-induced decrease. The change in growth hormone concentration was not accompanied by changes in the concentrations of prolactin, thyrotropin, or corticosterone in the serum, but were correlated with alteration in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in the brain. Treatment of neonatal rat pups with cyprohepatadine, a serotonin antagonist that suppresses growth hormone secretion, resulted in a significant decline in both serum growth hormone concentration and brain ornithine decarboxylase activity. These findings suggest that maternal deprivation elicits a specific suppression of growth hormone release which mediates the decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity. The study is consistent with clinical findings of impaired growth hormone "responsitivity" in human maternal deprivation syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuhn, C M -- Butler, S R -- Schanberg, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1034-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Brain/drug effects/enzymology ; Cyproheptadine/pharmacology ; Growth Hormone/*blood ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Prolactin/blood ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: The relation between steroidogenesis induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone and the concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) was studied at different time intervals in isolated adrenal cells. Submaximal and supramaximal steroidogenic concentrations of the hormone did not cause detectable changes in cyclic AMP during the first 30 minutes, whereas there was an increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP that was accompanied by phosphorylation and steroidogenesis. It is therefore suggested that cyclic GMP, rather than cyclic AMP, is the physiological mediator of adrenocorticotropic hormone-induced adrenal steroidogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perchellet, J P -- Shanker, G -- Sharma, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):311-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*metabolism ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*pharmacology ; Corticosterone/*biosynthesis ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Long-term treatment of rats with haloperidol produced an increased sensitivity to the locomotor and stereotypic effect of apomorphine. This behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity was accompanied by increased binding of [3H] spiroperidol in the striatum. Rats treated concurrently with lithium and haloperidol failed to develop both behavioral sensitivity to apomorphine and increased striatal dopamine receptor binding. The ability of lighium to prevent recurrent manicdepressive episodes may be related, in part, to its ability to stabilize dopaminergic receptor sensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pert, A -- Rosenblatt, J E -- Sivit, C -- Pert, C B -- Bunney, W E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):171-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/566468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Stereotyped Behavior/drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 1978-02-24
    Description: Sixteen hours of light daily (114 to 207 lux) increased weight gains and milk yield 10 to 15% in Holstein cattle in comparison with cattle exposed to natural-length photoperiods (39 to 93 lux) of 9 to 12 hours. The weight gain was accomplished without increased consumption of feed. Manipulation of supplemental light may thus cause dramatic increases in food supplies from animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, R R -- Chapin, L T -- Leining, K B -- Tucker, H A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 24;199(4331):911-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle/*growth & development ; Female ; *Lactation ; *Lighting ; Pregnancy ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: The experiments identify some of the processes underlying arm movements in rhesus monkeys. Three monkeys were trained to point to a target with the hand and forearm and to hold that position for about 1 second to obtain a reward. Forearm movements were performed without sight of the arm before and after bilateral dorsal rhizotomy. In both intact and deafferented animals, we unexpectedly displaced the forearm prior to movement initiation and observed that the arm moved accurately to the target. These results are relevant to the question of what is being controlled by motor commands. The controlled variable appears to be an equilibrium point between agonist and antagonist muscles. The findings suggest that the feedback system plays a major role in updating and adjusting the central programs subserving the execution of learned motor patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Polit, A -- Bizzi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1235-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Arm/*physiology ; Feedback ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; *Movement ; *Proprioception ; Visual Perception/physiology
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1978-03-03
    Description: Emission tomography can be used to monitor, in vivo and regionally, the utilization of metabolic substrates labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes produced by a cyclotron. The concept was validated by measuring brain glucose utilization with carbon--11-labeled glucose in rhesus monkeys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raichle, M E -- Welch, M J -- Grubb, R L Jr -- Higgins, C S -- Ter-Pogossian, M M -- Larson, K B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 3;199(4332):986-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/414358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Tomography/*utilization ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/utilization
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: A 172-base pair segment of DNA that is repeated several million times in the genome of the African green monkey has been characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the many repeats of this complex unit are not all identical but represent a set of closely related segments: Sequence divergence occurs at various positions in the segment in a nonrandom manner. The uncloned segment obtained from monkey DNA is compared with a cloned segment of the same DNA which was recombined into the genome of simian virus 40 during permissive infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, H -- Singer, M -- Rosenberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):394-402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/205944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus/*genetics ; Cercopithecus aethiops/*genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Haplorhini ; Molecular Weight ; Recombination, Genetic ; Simian virus 40/genetics
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: The substantia gelatinosa of the mammalian spinal cord is generally believed to be a closed system; that is its neurons are thought to project only to the substantia gelatinosa of the same or the contralateral side. Experiments in monkeys, using injections of the marker enzyme horseradish peroxidase, show that at least some neurons of the substantia gelatinosa project to the thalamus and thus belong to the spinothalamic tract. Such neurons include two cell types intrinsic to the gelatinosa, the central cells and the limitrophe cells of Cajal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, W D -- Leonard, R B -- Kenshalo, D R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):986-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/102034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diencephalon/*cytology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca fascicularis ; Spinal Cord/*cytology ; Spinothalamic Tracts/*cytology ; Substantia Gelatinosa/*cytology
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-11-24
    Description: A well-known solution of the diffusion equation gives an exponential square-root function as the frequency response for a one-dimensional diffusion or transmission process. When two or more such processes are cascaded, the result is still an exponential square-root characteristic, but with a longer time constant. This seems to explain why flicker thresholds obey the Kelly-Veringa diffusion model at high frequencies, even though the psychophysically inferred diffusion process is much slower than the first stage of visual transduction measured by, for example, late receptor potentials. Two such stages in tandem are sufficient to account for the psychophysical data, because the psychophysical time constant is proportional to the square of the number of stages involved. In addition, the nonlinear behavior of flicker thresholds under intense light adaptation can be explained if the loss factor in the first stage is proportional to the amount of the photopigment bleached. Apparently the flicker thresholds are governed by first- and second-order retinal neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, D H -- Wilson, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 24;202(4370):896-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Diffusion ; Flicker Fusion/*physiology ; Humans ; Light ; Models, Biological ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Retina/*physiology ; Retinal Pigments/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kronauer, R E -- Moore-Ede, M C -- Menser, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):1001-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/102033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Haplorhini ; Hydrocortisone/*blood ; Light ; Macaca mulatta/blood ; *Periodicity
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: The combination of a defined medium with single-pass perfusion has made possible long-term maintenance of beating rat hearts at 22 degrees C in vitro. The 6- to 9-day survival period appears to be the longest so far reported for hearts. This method provides a stable system which should be useful for investigating the role of single factors in myocardial preservation and evaluating the effects of exposure to pharmacological and toxicological agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linask, J -- Votta, J -- Willis, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):299-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culture Media ; *Heart ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/pathology ; Organ Preservation/*methods ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Tissue Preservation/*methods
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-08-25
    Description: Monkeys (Macaca) were trained by operant conditioning techniques to report the minimum detectable change in location of a sound in space, and were tested with a series of recorded coo or clear call vocalizations. Acuity of localization varied from approximately 4 degrees to 15 degrees and was a function of the magnitude of the change in pitch (frequency modulation) of the different clear calls.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, C H -- Beecher, M D -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 25;201(4357):753-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/97785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Pitch Discrimination/physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Eye movements of stump-tailed monkeys were measured during learning of a long series of two-choice pattern discrimination problems. The amount of scanning per trial (shifts in visual fixation from one pattern to the other) and the duration of individual fixations on the patterns increased during the course of learning-set formation and (except for the amount of scanning by some animals) remained high during the prolonged training following learning-set formation. Some of the changes in eye movements were different from those seen during the learning of single discrimination problems, a difference that possibly reflects cognitive processes specific to the learning-set task.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrier, A M -- Povar, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1362-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; *Eye Movements ; Haplorhini ; Macaca ; Time Factors
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: Owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra) were effectively immunized against a human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Two injections of antigen, primarily mature segmenters with fully developed merozoites, mixed with adjuvant (6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and liposomes) were administered intramuscularly at a 4-week interval. Approximately 2 weeks after the second vaccination, the monkeys were challenged with the homologous strain of P. falciparum. All immunized monkeys survived the challenge. The substitution of Freund's complete adjuvant is an encouraging step toward the development of an effective and safe vaccine for human malaria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siddiqui, W A -- Taylor, D W -- Kan, S C -- Kramer, K -- Richmond-Crum, S M -- Kotani, S -- Shiba, T -- Kusumoto, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1237-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/*immunology ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Glycopeptides/*immunology ; Haplorhini ; Liposomes ; Malaria/*prevention & control ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; *Vaccination
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: Egg chambers were injected into the abdomen of adult Drosophila. When cultured in this manner, even the earliest detectable developmental stage developed into fully mature eggs. Both isolated egg chambers and those still associated with ovarian structures developed equally well. Maturation occurred within host flies of both sexes in the absence of any hormone treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Srdic, Z -- Jacobs-Lorena, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):641-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Male ; Oocytes/cytology ; *Oogenesis ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Ovary/*physiology/transplantation ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: The major lethal factors in uncontrolled fires are toxic gases, heat, and oxygen deficiency. The predominant toxic gas is carbon monoxide, which is readily generated from the combusion of wood and other cellulosic materials. Increasing use of a variety of synthetic polymers has stimulated interest in screening tests to evaluated the toxicity of polymeric materials when thermally decomposed. As yet, this country lacks a standardized fire toxicity test protocol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Terrill, J B -- Montgomery, R R -- Reinhardt, C F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1343-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/208143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anoxia/mortality ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/etiology/mortality ; *Fires ; Forecasting ; Gases/*toxicity ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrochloric Acid/toxicity ; Hydrogen Cyanide/toxicity ; Physical Exertion ; Safety ; Time Factors
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