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  • Cats  (37)
  • Species Specificity  (33)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (69)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1975-1979  (69)
  • 1940-1944
Collection
Keywords
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (69)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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Year
  • 1
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    Pituitary-brain vascular relations: a new paradigm (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-06
    Description: Vascular casts of the pituitary gland have demonstrated a paucity of veins extending from the adenohypophysis to the systemic circulation and have suggested that some adenohypophyseal venous blood returns to the neurohypophysis. The neurohypophyseal capillary bed may function as a vascular switch and in this article a series of 14 questions are proposed regarding the vascular dynamics of the pituitary. Together these questions raise the larger question, namely, whether pituitary hormones are transported directly to the brain to modify brain function?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergland, R M -- Page, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 6;204(4388):18-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteriovenous Anastomosis/anatomy & histology ; Capillaries/anatomy & histology ; Cats ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Dogs ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/blood supply ; Pituitary Gland/*blood supply ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/blood supply ; Rats ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Comparative biochemistry and drug design for infectious disease (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: In the past two decades, biochemistry and molecular biology have demonstrated the existence of potentially exploitable biochemical differences between etiologic agents of disease and their hosts. Known differences between organism and host with respect to metabolism and polymer structure point to the detailed characterization of key proteins as the focus for the development of potential inhibitors. In the last decade, the methodology of the isolation, characterization, and inactivation of proteins and enzymes has been advanced. The present scientific and technological base suggests that new efforts toward the development of selective chemotherapeutic agents for infections caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and higher eukaryotes should exploit the known differences in proteins or other specific biopolymers serving crucial structural or metabolic roles in the economy of the parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):964-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/382357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anti-Bacterial Agents ; *Antiviral Agents ; Communicable Diseases/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Mycobacterium leprae/metabolism ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Trypanosomiasis/drug therapy ; Vidarabine/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/biosynthesis ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Visual resolution and receptive field size: examination of two kinds of cat retinal ganglion cell (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: Intraocular recordings from brisk-sustained and brisk-transient ganglion cells in the cat's retina revealed a systematic increase in center size and decrease in spatial cut-off frequency with increasing distance from the area centralis. At any one eccentricity sizes of the centers of sustained and transient cells did not overlap, and the variation in cut-off frequency for each class was constrained to about one-half octave.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cleland, B G -- Harding, T H -- Tulunay-Keesey, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1015-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials ; Ganglia/physiology ; Retina/cytology/*physiology ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology ; *Visual Fields
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Structure of physiologically identified X and Y cells in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Horseradish peroxidase injected into 18 single, physiologically identified geniculate X and Y cells permitted a detailed morphological correlate to be determined for the physiological properties of each neuron. Class 1 morphological characteristics were associated with Y cells, class 3 with X cells, and class 2 structural traits were seen in both physiological types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friedlander, M J -- Lin, C S -- Sherman, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1114-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Geniculate Bodies/*cytology/physiology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Interneurons/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Cortical plasticity in monocularly deprived immobilized kittens depends on eye movement (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: A marked reduction of binocular cells in striate cortex is found if 4-week-old kittens are visually stimulated monocularly while anesthetized and held in a stereotaxic apparatus. If the kittens are paralyzed and artificially respirated, changes are not found unless an eye is moved mechanically. It appears that eye movement and visual stimulation are necessary conditions for deactivation of binocular connections, but neither is sufficient to induce such changes alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, R D -- Bonds, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1093-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials ; *Eye Movements ; Functional Laterality ; Immobilization ; Paralysis/physiopathology ; Visual Cortex/*growth & development/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Muscle fiber regeneration after transplantation: prediction of structure and physiology from electromyograms (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Digitized electromyographic activity of transplanted extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in cats differs from that of control EDL and anterior tibialis muscles lying adjacent to transplanted EDL muscles. In autotransplanted muscles, the cross-sectional area of the fibers shows a negative correlation with mean spike frequency and a positive correlation with mean amplitude. The mean frequency-amplitude products correlate with isometric tetanic tensions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gorniak, G C -- Gans, C -- Faulkner, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1085-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Electrodes ; Electromyography/methods ; Muscles/cytology/physiology/*transplantation ; *Regeneration ; Transplantation, Autologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Alteration of cortical orientation selectivity: importance of asymmetric input (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Rearing cats so that each of the two eyes sees stripes of a different orientation alters the orientation preference of visual cortex cells. This result can be obtained by rearing the cats in striped cylinders or with goggles attached to their faces, but a tighter control of orientation preference is achieved by the goggles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, B -- Presson, J -- Packwood, J -- Scheer, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1109-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Functional Laterality ; Orientation/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*growth & development/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Tissue perfusion rate determined from the decay of oxygen-15 activity after photon activation in situ (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: Rates of cerebral perfusion were obtained from measurements of the disappearance (wash-out) of oxygen-15 after in situ tissue activation with 45-million-volt x-rays. In an anesthetized cat, typical values were 90 milliliters per minute per 100 grams of tissue, with 55 percent wash-out. In a specific radiotherapy patient, the value was 65 milliliters per minute per 100 grams of tissue, with 63 percent wash-out of oxygen-15 through incorporation into tissue water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, W L -- Nussbaum, G H -- Connolly, R -- Emami, B -- Reilly, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*blood supply ; Cats ; Humans ; Neoplasms/blood supply ; Oxygen/*blood/radiation effects ; Oxygen Radioisotopes ; *Regional Blood Flow ; X-Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Heterogeneity of vertebrate luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Radioimmunoassay and chromatography analyses of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) have demonstrated the presence of LHRH-like immunoreactive peptides in a wide range of vertebrates. Contrary to previous reports, the molecule differs in various vertebrates. Avian, reptilian, and teleostean LHRH's are chemically distinct from the mammalian peptide but are in themselves indistinguishable. However, amphibian LHRH appears to be identical to the mammalian peptide. These findings have interesting evolutionary implications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, J A -- Millar, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):67-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/384514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromatography ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*analysis/immunology ; Hypothalamus/analysis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Species Specificity ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Lateral geniculate nucleus in dark-reared cats: loss of Y cells without changes in cell size (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: In cats reared in the dark from birth until 4 months of age, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus contained few normal Y cells in either the binocular or monocular segments. Although most of the neurons appeared to be normal X cells unaffected by light deprivation, many cells with abnormal receptive field and response charcteristics were encountered. These effects were permanent, since 1 to 2 years of normal visual experience following initial light deprivation did not lead to any functional recovery. The sizes of cell bodies in cats reared in the dark were similar to those of normal animals, an indication that changes in geniculate cell physiology need not be related to changes in cell size.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kratz, K E -- Sherman, S M -- Kalil, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1353-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Darkness ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/*cytology/growth & development ; *Vision, Ocular ; Visual Pathways/cytology/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Tight junctions in a fluid-transporting epithelium of an insect (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-06
    Description: Occluding junctions have been found between the lateral cell borders at the base of the rectum of Periplaneta americana. They appear as punctate membrane appositions in thin sections, and after incubation in physiological solutions containing lanthanum before fixation the inward penetration of tracer is impeded in this same basal area. Moreover, freeze-fracture studies of this region reveal simple linear ridges on fracture face P and grooves on fracture face E, which are similar to the less complex vertebrate tight junctions. The luminal clefts, which permit free inward diffusion of tracers, present no tight junctions, but do have septate junctions. These results support the contention that, contrary to earlier speculation, arthropods do possess tight junctions; these, rather than septate junctions, appear to form the morphological basis of at least some of the permeability barriers observed in invertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lane, N J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 6;204(4388):91-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cockroaches/*ultrastructure ; Epithelium/physiology/ultrastructure ; Freeze Fracturing ; Intercellular Junctions/*ultrastructure ; Periplaneta/*ultrastructure ; Rectum/physiology/ultrastructure ; Species Specificity ; Water-Electrolyte Balance
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Reversal potential for noradrenaline-induced hyperpolarization of spinal motoneurons (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-27
    Description: By using two separate electrodes with tips inside a single feline motoneuron, current-voltage characteristics were studied during extracellular iontophoresis of noradrenaline. The usually observed hyperpolarization was accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance and became larger with polarizing and smaller with depolarizing currents. During large depolarizing current injections, the noradrenaline-induced potential reversed its direction, usually at a membrane potential of about -20 millivolts. These data are compatible with the concept that noradrenaline hyperpolarizes nerve cells by decreasing resting membrane conductances to sodium and potassium ions. The observation could also be explained by a nonspecific decrease in ion permeability that is associated with a hyperpolarization due to sodium pump activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, K C -- Engberg, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 27;205(4404):422-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/drug effects/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Functional organization of lateral geniculate cells following removal of visual cortex in the newborn kitten (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: When the visual cortex of a newborn kitten is removed, most neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus degenerate, but a small population of large cells is spared. Electrophysiological recording revealed that detailed visual topography in the nucleus is abnormal and that single cells have unusually large receptive fields. These results suggest that optic axons deprived of their normal synaptic targets rearrange their connections to converge on local surviving neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, E H -- Kalil, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):713-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/anatomy & histology ; Cats ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/*cytology ; Nerve Degeneration ; Visual Cortex/*cytology ; Visual Pathways/*cytology/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Nucleotide sequence specificity of restriction endonucleases (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, H O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 3;205(4405):455-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/377492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Base Sequence ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/*metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Haemophilus influenzae/enzymology ; Species Specificity ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Species-specific perceptual processing of vocal sounds by monkeys (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: Monkeys of four species were trained to discriminate between sets of natural tonal calls of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) by the position of a frequency-inflection peak or by initial pitch. The Japanese macaques consistently performed best on peak position and the other species on pitch. The results imply special strategies for perceptional processing of vocal sounds and suggest parallels with human speech perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zoloth, S R -- Petersen, M R -- Beecher, M D -- Green, S -- Marler, P -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):870-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/108805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 16
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    Orientation anisotropy of visual stimuli in rhesus monkey: a behavior study (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-03
    Description: The contrast sensitivity of the rhesus monkey was tested, according to a modified reaction-time paradigm, for sine-wave grating targets at different orientations. The monkey possesses an oblique effect slightly larger than that of humans. A reaction time analysis showed the oblique effect to be a suprathreshold as well as a threshold phenomenon. The presence of this effect further strengthens the use of the monkey as a model for the human visual system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boltz, R L -- Harwerth, R S -- Smith, E L 3rd -- R01 EY001139/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 3;205(4405):511-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Species Specificity ; *Visual Perception
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Mitochondrial DNA analyses and the origin and relative age of parthenogenetic lizards (genus Cnemidophorus) (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-23
    Description: Morphological, karyological, and allozyme analyses indicate that the parthenogenetic lizards Cnemidophorus neomexicanus and diploid C. tesselatus are hybrids formed, respectively, by crosses involving the bisexual species C. tigris and C. inornatus, and C. tigris and C. septemvittatus. Mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited maternally, was obtained from each of these species. Analyses of the mitochondrial DNA's and their restriction endonuclease digestion products by electron microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis support the hybridization hypothesis by indicating that C. tigris (specifically the subspecies marmoratus) was the maternal parent species for both C. neomexicanus and C. tesselatus. Furthermore, these data imply that these two parthenogenetic species are younger than some races of C. tigris.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, W M -- Wright, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 23;203(4386):1247-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Lizards/*genetics ; *Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 18
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    Permeability of the cell-to-cell membrane channels in mammalian cell juncton (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-27
    Description: The channels in the junctions of various mammalian cell types--primary cultures and lines--were probed with a series of linear fluorescent amino acid and peptide molecules of different size and charge. Permeability is limited by probe size and electronegativity, these two factors apparently being related reciprocally. In respect to both factors, mammalian junctional channels are more restrictive than insect channels; hence the mammalian channels are narrower, more polar, or both. The channels of the various mammalian cell types differed slightly from each other; in some types the serum of the culture medium affected the channel permeability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flagg-Newton, J -- Simpson, I -- Loewenstein, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 27;205(4404):404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/377490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; *Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Kidney ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Species Specificity
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    Shark heart mitochondria: effects of external osmolality on respiration (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Shark mitochondrial respiration was studied in media with osmolalities between 160 and 1500 milliosmoles. The respiratory control ratio, a marker for functional integrity of the isolated mitochondria, was maximal at 1000 millismoles and decreased during hypotonic or hypertonic exposure. Shark mitochondria function best at their native tonicity, a value that produces abnormal function in mammalian mitochondria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewiston, N -- Newman, A -- Robin, E -- Holtzman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):75-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism ; *Osmolar Concentration ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Rats ; Sharks/*metabolism ; Species Specificity
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  • 20
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    A relationship between DNA helix stability and recognition sites for RNA polymerase (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-03
    Description: The RNA polymerase binding sites on the DNA of (i) the aroE-trkA-spc segment of the Escherichia coli genome, (ii) transposon Tn3, (iii) plasmid ColE1, and (iv) coliphage lambda were mapped by electron microscopy, with the use of the BAC technique; these maps were compared with the maps of the early-melting regions for the same genomes. The results indicate that in all these cases the binding sites for the E. coli RNA polymerase lie preferentially in the early melting regions of DNA. These data indicate that helix stability may be an important feature of the multipartite nature of the promoter structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollenweider, H J -- Fiandt, M -- Szybalski, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 3;205(4405):508-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/377494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *DNA, Bacterial ; *DNA, Viral ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*metabolism ; Drug Stability ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; *Genes ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation ; Plasmids ; Protein Binding ; Species Specificity
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  • 21
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    Rotaviral immunity in gnotobiotic calves: heterologous resistance to human virus induced by bovine virus (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-02-09
    Description: The possibility of immunizing human infants against rotaviruses, which cause severe dehydrating diarrheal disease, may depend on the use of a related rotavirus, derived from another animal species, as a source of antigen. To test the feasibility of this approach, calves were infected in utero with a bovine rotavirus and challenged with bovine or human type 2 rotavirus shortly after birth. Infection in utero with bovine rotavirus induced resistance to diarrheal disease caused by the human virus as well as the homologous bovine virus. These data suggest that the bovine virus is sufficiently related antigenically to the human type 2 virus to warrant further evaluation of the former as a source of vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyatt, R G -- Mebus, C A -- Yolken, R H -- Kalica, A R -- James, H D Jr -- Kapikian, A Z -- Chanock, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 9;203(4380):548-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/216077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/immunology ; Cattle ; Cross Reactions ; Diarrhea, Infantile/prevention & control ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Immunization ; RNA Viruses/*immunology ; Rotavirus/*immunology ; Species Specificity ; Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Virus Diseases/*prevention & control
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  • 22
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    Temperature-dependent sex determination in turtles (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-12-07
    Description: The sex of hatchling map turtles is determined by incubation temperature of eggs in the laboratory as well as in nature. Temperature controls sex differentiation rather than causing a differential mortality of sexes. Temperature has no effect on sex determination in a soft-shelled turtle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bull, J J -- Vogt, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 7;206(4423):1186-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genotype ; Male ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; Species Specificity ; Temperature ; Turtles/*physiology
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  • 23
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    Response of cat inferior colliculus neurons to binaural beat stimuli: possible mechanisms for sound localization (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-02
    Description: The interaural phase sensitivity of neurons was studied through the use of binaural beat stimuli. The response of most cells was phase-locked to the beat frequency, which provides a possible neural correlate to the human sensation of binaural beats. In addition, this stimulus allowed the direction and rate of interaural phase change to be varied. Some neurons in our sample responded selectively to manipulations of these two variables, which suggests a sensitivity to direction or speed of movement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuwada, S -- Yin, T C -- Wickesberg, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 2;206(4418):586-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials ; Inferior Colliculi/*physiology ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Periodicity
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  • 24
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    Beta-adrenergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase in secretory cells of choroid plexus (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: Biochemical evidence supporting the sympathetic control of cerebrospinal fluid production has been obtained through identification of a specific beta-adrenergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the choroid plexus. The enzyme, which is localized in the secretory epithelium, is activated by low concentrations of isoproterenol and norepinephrine and appears separate from beta-adrenergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase present in cerebral blood vessels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathanson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):843-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/220707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cats ; Cattle ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Choroid Plexus/*enzymology/metabolism ; Dogs ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Epithelium/enzymology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism
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  • 25
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    Localization of the neurally mediated arrhythmogenic properties of digitalis (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: Available evidence suggests that the propensity of digitalis glycosides to produce cardiac arrhythmias is due in part to their neuroexictatory effects. We have performed experiments in cats which support the existence of a neurogenic component in the etiology of digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Our data further indicate that the locus of this neural effect lies within an area of the medulla 2 millimeters above to 2 millimeters below the obex. These findings, when considered with the effects of polar cardiac glycosides that do not cross the blood-brain barrier, suggest that the area postrema may be the site of neural activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Somberg, J C -- Smith, T W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/219481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/*chemically induced ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Cats ; Digitalis Glycosides/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Heart/*drug effects/innervation ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/physiology ; Vagus Nerve/physiology
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  • 26
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    Plasticity: the mirror of experience (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: A simple avoidance training procedure during early development produces massive neural traces in visual and somatic cortices of kittens reared in a normal environment. A preponderance of cells in these areas had response preferences for the stimuli used during training. Furthermore, some of these cells exhibited properties never found in normal animals not receiving such training. It appears that, even in an environment in which many other stimuli are present, some early experiences powerfully affect brain development and the way in which other experiences exert their effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spinelli, D N -- Jensen, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):75-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/758683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Cats ; Environment ; Functional Laterality ; Memory/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/*growth & development/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*growth & development/physiology
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    Chemical carcinogens: estimating the risk (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reitz, R H -- Quast, J F -- Watanabe, P G -- Gehring, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1206-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotransformation ; *Carcinogens ; Humans ; Risk ; Species Specificity ; Vinyl Chloride/metabolism
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  • 28
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    Derived X chromosome in the turtle genus Staurotypus (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-21
    Description: C-banding, G-banding, and silver (Ag-AS) staining techniques reveal a distinctive sex chromosome system in the turtle Staurotypus salvinii. Unlike previously described systems in most other vertebrate groups in which the Y or W is derived and the homogametic sex represents the primitive condition, the reverse is true for S. salvinii. The X chromosome is derived; thus the homogametic sex (female) is more derived than the heterogametic sex. The male is intermediate between the female and the ancestral condition observed in other turtle species. Staurotypus does not confirm to the general model of sex chromosome evolution for diploid dioecious organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sites, J W Jr -- Bickham, J W -- Haiduk, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 21;206(4425):1410-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/92052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Sex Chromosomes/*ultrastructure ; Silver ; Species Specificity ; Staining and Labeling ; Turtles/*anatomy & histology ; X Chromosome/*ultrastructure
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  • 29
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    Long-term amphetamine treatment decreases brain serotonin metabolism: implications for theories of schizophrenia (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: Long-term amphetamine administration to cats (a mean of 8.75 milligrams per kilogram twice daily for 10 days) produced large decreases (40 to 67 percent in serotonin and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in all brain regions examined. This treatment also produced several behaviors that are dependent on depressed central serotonergic neurotransmission, and which normally are elicited exclusively by hallucinogenic drugs. Short-term amphetamine administration (15 mg/kg) did not produce these behaviors and resulted in small decreases in brain serotonin and no change in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These data are discussed in the context of monoamine theories of schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trulson, M E -- Jacobs, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/572992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Chemistry/*drug effects ; Cats ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/*physiopathology ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 30
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    Morphological affinities of Pan paniscus (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-06-22
    Description: Although the pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus) is more similar to man than is the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) in some traits, the resemblance is due primarily to the smaller size and concomitant allometric generalization of the former. The two species of chimpanzees are equally good models for the common ancestry of African apes and man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corruccini, R S -- McHenry, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 22;204(4399):1341-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropometry ; Biometry ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Species Specificity
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    Conditioned inhibition: selective response of single units (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-05-04
    Description: Single cell activity and local field potentials in parastriate cortex of cats and rabbits were studied during a Pavlovian discrimination procedure. Cell activity was selectively modified; conditioned changes occurred in response either to the reinforced stimulus or to the unreinforced one, but not to both. Cells exhibiting conditioned alteration in response to the unreinforced stimulus are thought to participate in specialized circuits mediating conditioned inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Toledo-Morrell, L -- Hoeppner, T J -- Morrell, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 4;204(4392):528-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Rabbits ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 32
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    The central origin of efferent pathways in the carotid sinus nerve of the cat (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: The application of horseradish peroxidase to the central cut end of the carotid sinus nerve of the cat produced retrograde labeling of neurons in the ipsilateral medulla in the region of the nucleus ambiguus at anterior-posterior coordinates -8 to -10.5. These data coupled with previous electrophysiological observations suggest that the nucleus ambiguus may be the origin of an efferent inhibitory pathway to the carotid body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉deGroat, W C -- Nadelhaft, I -- Morgan, C -- Schauble, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1017-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carotid Sinus/cytology/*innervation ; Cats ; Efferent Pathways/cytology ; Glossopharyngeal Nerve/cytology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Medulla Oblongata/cytology ; Neural Inhibition
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  • 33
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    Cholecystokinin octapeptide: continuous picomole injections into the cerebral ventricles of sheep suppress feeding (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: Cholecystokinin octapeptide decreased food intake in a dose-related manner when injected continuously into the lateral cerebral ventricles of sheep that had been deprived of food for 2, 4, 8, or 24 hours. In sheep deprived of food for 2 hours, as little as 0.01 picomole per minute suppressed feeding 35 percent 1 hour after beginning injection. Pentagastrin also decreased feeding in the 2-hour group, but only at a much higher dose range. Secretin had no effect. These findings support the hypothesis that cholecystokinin octapeptide acts on central nervous system structures that are involved in control of food intake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Della-Fera, M A -- Baile, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):471-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/504989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects ; Cholecystokinin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Depression, Chemical ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Pentagastrin/pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Rats ; Secretin/pharmacology ; Sheep ; Species Specificity
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    GABA receptor control of parasympathetic outflow to heart: characterization and brainstem localization (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Blockade of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor function by direct microinjection of the GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline into the nucleus ambiguus of the brainstem produced a marked, dose-related depression of heart rate and blood pressure which was mediated by the vagus nerve. This effect was not obtained in other regions of the brainstem and was reversed by the GABA receptor agonist muscimol. These data indicate that the nucleus ambiguus may be the site of a GABA receptor-mediated inhibition of vagal outflow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiMicco, J A -- Gale, K -- Hamilton, B -- Gillis, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1106-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Cats ; Heart/*innervation ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Isoniazid/pharmacology ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Receptors, Drug/*physiology ; Vagus Nerve/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 35
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    Eye movements initiate visual-motor development in the cat (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-06-22
    Description: Visually naive kittens turn their eyes toward visual targets but lack other visual-motor coordinations. Light-reared animals were able to mediate guided behaviors with an immobilized eye, but animals with the eye immobilized before initial exposure to a lighted environment were not. Eye movement is implied to play an essential role in visual-motor development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hein, A -- Vital-Durand, F -- Salinger, W -- Diamond, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 22;204(4399):1321-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/313076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Cats ; Darkness ; *Eye Movements ; Functional Laterality ; Locomotion ; *Movement ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*growth & development ; Visual Perception/physiology
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    Phase resetting and annihilation of pacemaker activity in cardiac tissue (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: Spontaneous rhythmic activity in isolated cardiac pacemaker cells can be terminated by a brief, subthreshold, depolarizing or hyperpolarizing perturbation of the proper magnitude applied at a specific point in the pacemaker cycle. Evidence is provided in support of a topological theory of the existence of a "singular" point in cardiac oscillators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jalife, J -- Antzelevitch, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):695-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cattle ; Dogs ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Heart Conduction System/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; *Periodicity ; Purkinje Fibers/*physiology ; Sinoatrial Node/*physiology
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    Choline excites cortical neurons (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: In cats under halothane or methoxyflurane, iontophoretic applications of choline are only eight times weaker than applications of acetylcholine in evoking firing of neurons in the sensorimotor region of the cerebral cortex. The action of choline is suppressed by atropine but not by two agents that block choline uptake (hemicholinium-3 and triethylcholine), and is not potentiated by an anticholinesterase (physostigmine). Choline therefore appears to excite cortical neurons by a direct action, which may be a significant component of its beneficial therapeutic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krnjevic, K -- Reinhardt, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/515735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects ; Choline/*pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Evoked Potentials ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Hemicholinium 3/pharmacology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Physostigmine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects ; Stimulation, Chemical
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    Echolocation and pursuit of prey by bats (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: Echolocating bats use different information-gathering strategies for hunting prey in open, uncluttered environments, in relatively open environments with some obstacles, and in densely cluttered environments. These situations differ in the extent to which individual targets such as flying insects can be detected as isolated objects or must be separated perceptually from backgrounds. Echolocating bats also differ in whether they use high-resolution, multidimensional images of targets or concentrate specifically on one particular target dimension, such as movement, to detect prey.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, J A -- Fenton, M B -- O'Farrell, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):16-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/758674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Environment ; Orientation/*physiology ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Species Specificity ; Ultrasonics
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    Dissociations between the effects of LSD on behavior and raphe unit activity in freely moving cats (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-03
    Description: The hypothesis that the action of hallucinogenic drugs is mediated by a depression of the activity of brain serotonergic (raphe) neurons was tested by examining the behavioral effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) while studying the activity of raphe neurons in freely moving cats. Although the results provide general support for the hypothesis, there were several important dissociations. (i) Low doses of LSD produced only small decreases in raphe unit activity but significant behavoiral changes; (ii) LSD-induced behavioral changes outlasted the depression of raphe unit activity; and (iii) raphe neurons were at least as responsive to LSD during tolerance as they were in the nontolerant condition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trulson, M E -- Jacobs, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 3;205(4405):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Cats ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/*pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Raphe Nuclei/drug effects/*physiology
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    Generation of unidirectionally propagated action potentials in a peripheral nerve by brief stimuli (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Single, unidirectionally propagated action potentials can be elicited in peripheral nerves by electrical stimuli of short duration. Propagation in one direction is blocked anodically by means of a quasi-trapezoidal stimulus wave form and a modified tripolar electrode configuration. Propagation in the other direction proceeds unhindered. This technique may be applicable to collision blocking of motor nerves for neural prostheses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van den Honert, C -- Mortimer, J T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1311-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/515733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Nerve Block/methods ; Peripheral Nerves/*physiology ; Sciatic Nerve/physiology
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    Pontine reticular formation neurons and motor activity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):207-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Reticular Formation/*physiology
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    Physiological basis of anisometropic amblyopia (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: In the visual cortex of kittens that have received their only visual experience while wearing a high-power lens before one eye, most neurons are dominated by input from the normal eye. Moreover, contrast sensitivity and resolving power are lower for stimulation through the originally defocused eye, mimicking psychophysical results from human anisometropic amblyopes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eggers, H M -- Blakemore, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):264-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amblyopia/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Orientation/physiology ; Refractive Errors/*physiopathology ; Visual Cortex/*physiopathology ; Visual Pathways/physiopathology
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    Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation is mediated by a platelet plasma membrane-bound lectin (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: Throbin-activated human platelets cause agglutination of trypsinized, formalinized bovine erythrocytes. This lectin activity of stimulated platelets was blocked by galactosamine, glucosamine, mannosamine, lysine, and arginine, but not by N-acetylated sugars, other neutral sugars, or other amino acids. Inhibitors of the thrombin-induced lectin activity also blocked thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. It appears that a membrane surface component that has lectin activity mediates platelet aggregation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gartner, T K -- Williams, D C -- Minion, F C -- Phillips, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1281-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agglutinins ; Amino Acids/pharmacology ; Amino Sugars/pharmacology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cytochalasin B/pharmacology ; *Hemagglutinins ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/blood ; Platelet Aggregation/*drug effects ; Prostaglandins E/pharmacology ; Species Specificity ; Thrombin/*pharmacology
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    Evoked response correlate of symbol and significate (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Changing the source and intensity of the auditory signal to six trained cats responding to meaningful auditory stimuli permits exogenous and endogenous processes in the auditory evoked potential to be separated. For short-latency exogenous processes, latency and amplitude depend on the parameters of the physical stimulus. However, the amplitude and shape of longer-latency endogenous processes are essentially independent of the location and intensity of the signal source and seem to be invariant concomitants of the significance of the signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grastyan, E -- John, E R -- Bartlett, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):169-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Cats ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; *Evoked Potentials ; Geniculate Bodies/*physiology ; Memory/physiology
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    Behavior and phylogeny: constriction in ancient and modern snakes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Comparative analyses of behavior have an underappreciated potential for revealing the role of ethoecological factors in the origins of higher taxa. Twenty-seven species (13 genera) in the advanced family Colubridae exhibited 19 patterns of coil application; one or two patterns were usually consistent within a genus. Forty-eight species (26 genera) in the primitive families Acrochordidae, Aniliidae, Boidae, and Xenopeltidae usually used a single pattern, despite differences in age, size, shape, habitat, and diet. This implies the shared retention of an action pattern used by their common ancestor no later than the early Paleocene. Constriction must have been used as a prey-killing tactic very early in the history of snakes and might have been a behavioral "key innovation" in the evolution of their unusual jaw mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, H W -- Burghardt, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):74-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Snakes/*physiology ; Species Specificity
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    Peptides in the brain: the new endocrinology of the neuron (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guillemin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 27;202(4366):390-402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/212832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Endorphins/*history/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/isolation & purification ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/isolation & purification ; History, 20th Century ; Hypothalamic Hormones/*history/pharmacology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/*physiology ; *Neurosecretion ; Sheep ; Species Specificity ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synaptic Transmission ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/isolation & purification/physiology
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    Phase sensitivity in electroreception (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-03
    Description: The gymnotoid electric fish Hypopomus artedi discriminates between electric stimulus pulses with identical spectral amplitudes but different spectral phase functions. Behavioral results can be explained on the assumption that electroreception is based on a linear filter, approximately matched to the species' electric organ discharge. The impulse response of the appropriate matched filter, in fact, resembles the known impulse response of the electroreceptors involved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heiligenberg, W -- Altes, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 3;199(4332):1001-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Organ/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Fishes/*physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology ; Species Specificity
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    Intraspecific evidence for the function of single and double cones in the teleost retina (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: Retinal growth in young Sebastes diploproa involves the succession of three distinct cone patterns. Development of the final pattern with the loss of single cones occurs in close temporal association with a permanent migration from the surface to deep water. The results suggest that loss of single cones depends upon the change in environment and that the loss occurs through fusion to double elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boehlert, G W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):309-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Environment ; Fishes/*physiology ; Light ; Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Retina/ultrastructure ; Species Specificity ; Trout/physiology
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    Modification of attention in honey bees (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: Honey bees were trained in two consecutive two-dimensional (color-position) problems with one dimension (color or position) relevant and the other irrelevant in each problem. As in analogous experiments on dimensional transfer in rats and monkeys, performance in the second problem was more accurate when the relevant and irrelevant dimensions were the same as in the first problem than when they were interchanged. The results of further experiments suggest that the transfer is mediated by different modes of responding that develop in color and position problems rather than by some special process of dimensional selection, such as has been assumed to operate in vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klosterhalfen, S -- Fischer, W -- Bitterman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1241-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Attention/*physiology ; Bees/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Color Perception ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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    Neural lateralization of species-specific vocalizations by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: Five Japanese macaques and five other Old World monkeys were trained to discriminate among field-recorded Japanese macaque vocalizations. One task required discrimination of a communicatively relevant acoustic feature ("peak"), and a second required discrimination of an orthogonal feature of the same vocalizations ("pitch"). The Japanese animals more proficiently discriminated the peak feature when stimuli were presented to the right ear (primarily left cerebral hemisphere), as opposed to the left ear (primarily right hemisphere). In discriminating the pitch feature, the Japanese animals either showed (i) a left-ear processing advantage or (ii) no ear advantage. The comparison animals, with one exception, showed no ear advantage in processing either feature of the vocalizations. The results suggest that Japanese macaques engage left-hemisphere processors for the analysis of communicatively significant sounds that are analogous to the lateralized mechanisms used by humans listening to speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petersen, M R -- Beecher, M D -- Zoloth, S R -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):324-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Discrimination Learning/physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Male ; Species Specificity ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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    Terminal arbors of axons that have formed abnormal connections (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-08-18
    Description: Ther terminal arbors of individual retinogeniculate axons that have been induced to grow into an inappropriate geniculate layer have been revealed for light and electron microscopic study by being filled with horseradish peroxidase. After a unilateral ocular enucleation in kittens, single axons from the surviving eye show terminal arbors not only within their own geniculate layers but also in the denervated layers. The new, abnormal arbors arise from the terminal segments of arbors that lie within the nondenervated layer and make patterns of synaptic contacts that appear normal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robson, J A -- Mason, C A -- Guillery, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 18;201(4356):635-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/675248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*ultrastructure ; Cats ; Eye/innervation ; Geniculate Bodies/*ultrastructure ; Synapses/*ultrastructure ; Visual Pathways/*ultrastructure
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    Is pump stimulation associated with positive inotropy of the heart? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: A purified sodium and potassium dependent adenosinetriphosphatase isolated from cat heart was not stimulated by any concentration of ouabain that produced positive inotropy of cat papilliary muscle. Only inhibition of enzyme activity was observed. Concentrations of ouabain used ranged from 3.3 x 10(-10) molar to 5 x 10(-7) molar and produced an increased force of contraction without any evidence of toxicity. The results are inconsistent with a concept that stimulation of sodium pump activity is associated with positive inotropy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michael, L -- Pitts, B J -- Schwartz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1287-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/149369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Cats ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; In Vitro Techniques ; Myocardial Contraction/*drug effects ; Myocardium/*enzymology ; Ouabain/*pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism
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    Chronic focal epileptiform discharges induced by injection of iron into rat and cat cortex (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-30
    Description: A single injection of 5 or 10 microliters of ferrous or ferric chloride into rat or cat sensorimotor cortex resulted in chronic recurrent focal paroxysmal electroencephalographic discharges as well as behavioral convulsions and electrical seizures. Recurrent focal epileptiform discharge caused by cortical injection of iron salts suggests that the development of human posttraumatic epilepsy may depend, in part, on the neurochemical alterations induced by the principal metallic ions found in whole blood.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willmore, L J -- Sypert, G W -- Munson, J V -- Hurd, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 30;200(4349):1501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/96527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects/physiopathology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Electrophysiology ; Epilepsies, Partial/*chemically induced ; Ferric Compounds ; Ferrous Compounds ; *Iron ; Rats ; Seizures/*chemically induced/physiopathology
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    Opiate receptors for behavioral analgesia resemble those related to the depression of spinal nociceptive neurons (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: With naloxone as antagonist, a dose-ratio analysis of the depression by morphine of nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord reveals that this opiate depression of single unit activity has the same pharmacological properties as observed with morphine analgesia. This suggests that the opiate receptor, mediating the observed cellular depression, and those mediating analgesia are presumably the same.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yaksh, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1231-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Cats ; Decerebrate State ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Nerve Fibers/physiology ; Nociceptors/*drug effects/physiology ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology ; Spinal Cord/physiology
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    Interaction of critical periods in the visual cortex of kittens (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: The critical period for modifying the preferred direction in cat cortical units occurs earlier than that for monocular deprivation. The independence of the effects of these two types of deprivation from each other was tested by rearing six kittens with both reverse suture and reversed directional deprivation. The kittens were placed in a drum rotating in one direction with one eye open at ages 2 1/2 to 5 weeks; the drum rotation was reversed and the other eye opened when they were 5 to 12 weeks old. Recordings were then made in the visual cortex. The results were the sum of the effects of reverse suture and reversal of directional deprivation: most cells were driven by the eye that was open second, and most unidirectional cells preferred the direction to which the animals were exposed first. Consequently, many unidirectional cells preferred the first direction but were driven by the eye open second--a combination that the animal never saw during rearing. There was also an effect of ocular deprivation on directional properties and vice versa: reverse suture reduced the overall percentage of unidirectional cells, just as directional deprivation has been shown to affect the ocular dominance histogram. This result suggests that the same cells may be affected by both forms of deprivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daw, N W -- Berman, N E -- Ariel, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):565-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Cats ; Cell Differentiation ; Functional Laterality ; Motion Perception/physiology ; *Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*growth & development ; Visual Pathways/growth & development ; Visual Perception/physiology
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    Other tastes, other worlds (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: The idea of four primary tastes has influenced our concept of the gustatory world of all animals. It has also been the basis for constructing theories of gustatory neural integration. Since natural chemical stimuli are complex mixtures to which responses are multineuronal, difficult questions about integration arise. Answers are usually framed in terms of "labeled line" or "across-fiber" hypotheses. Comparative studies of vertebrate and invertebrate taste reveal in all receptors universal basic parameters that bear on the controversy. Comparative studies also place in more accurate perspective diverse chemically related ecologies and behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dethier, V G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):224-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/physiology ; Humans ; Species Specificity ; Taste/*physiology ; Taste Buds/*physiology ; Taste Threshold/physiology
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    Genomic masking of nondefective recombinant murine leukemia virus in Moloney virus stocks (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-04
    Description: HIX virus cloned from Moloney leukemia virus stocks is a nondefective, leukemogenic, and amphotropic murine oncornavirus with a recombinant-type major glycoprotein. Although Moloney leukemia virus stocks generally contain little or no free amphotropic virus, dilution analysis of several virus stocks and the examination of virus progeny from individual foci revealed that HIX virus is present and functionally coated with ecotropic Moloney virus envelopes. Because most mice have serum factors that inactivate recombinant viruses, masking may represent a general survival mechanism for HIX as well as other analogous recombinant viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischinger, P J -- Blevins, C S -- Dunlop, N M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 4;201(4354):457-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Genes, Viral ; Glycoproteins/immunology ; Leukemia, Experimental/*microbiology ; Lymphoma/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/microbiology ; Mice, Inbred Strains/microbiology ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/classification/*genetics/immunology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; Viral Proteins/immunology
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    Invertebrate collagens (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: The collagens of all major invertebrate phyla have been studied, but characterization has been thorough in only a few classes and in no case in the detail (such as sequence analysis) known for vertebrate collagen. Biochemical data on insect collagen are particularly sparse. Invertebrate and vertebrate collagens are strikingly similar, with some notably unique features in annelids and nematodes. Present data do not support the suggestion that invertebrate collagens resemble vertebrate basement membrane collagen. In invertebrates, as in vertebrates, collagens of specific tissues show differenes that probably reflect individual tissue requirements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):591-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/212833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carbohydrates/analysis ; Collagen/*analysis ; Glycoproteins/analysis ; Invertebrates/*analysis/enzymology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Weight ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/metabolism ; Species Specificity
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    Enhancement of conditioned arterial pressure responses in cats after brainstem lesions (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: Cats were classically conditioned after the baroreceptor reflexes were abolished by bilateral placement of electrolytic lesions in the nucleus tractus solitarii. The conditioned increases in arterial pressure were more than five times larger than the responses obtained in similarly trained controls. This finding suggests that the baroreceptor reflexes actively inhibit conditioned increases of arterial pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathan, M A -- Tucker, L W -- Serverini, W H -- Reis, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood Pressure ; Cats ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/*physiology ; Pressoreceptors/*physiology ; Reflex/physiology
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    Frequency discrimination following the selective destruction of cochlear inner and outer hair cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Frequency discrimination was measured behaviorally before and after drug-induced lesions of cochlear hair cells in the cat. Discrimination was unaffected by complete loss of outer hair cells provided that at least 50% of inner hair cells were intact. Thus, inner hair cells are important for frequency discrimination, and they can function normally in this regard without the influence of outer hair cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nienhuys, T G -- Clark, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1356-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Threshold/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Cats ; Cochlea/ultrastructure ; Hair Cells, Auditory/drug effects/*physiology ; Kanamycin/pharmacology ; Mechanoreceptors/*physiology ; *Pitch Discrimination
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    Visualization of a guinea pig T lymphocyte surface component cross-reactive with immunoglobulin (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) show exquisite specificity in recognition of antigens, but the nature of the cell surface receptor is controversial. Although antigen recognition mediated by immunoglobulin variable (V) regions remains the minimal hypothesis, it has been extremely difficult to definitely establish the presence of immunoglobulins on these cells. Chicken antibodies, produced against the (Fab')2fragment of mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and purified by binding to and elution from IgG-Sepharose 4B, bind to an endogenously synthesized surface component of guinea pig T cells. The binding occurred via a cross-reaction with murine k chain and a heavy chain determinant localized in the Fd region, and was visualized by immunofluorescence and immunoelectronmicroscopy using both transmission and scanning techniques. These data provide direct evidence for the presence of a surface component related to immunoglobulin on T lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marchalonis, J J -- Bucana, C -- Hoyer, L -- Warr, G W -- Hanna, M G Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):433-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/74094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cross Reactions ; Epitopes ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunologic Techniques ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*analysis ; Rosette Formation ; Species Specificity ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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    Do albumin clocks run on time? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Radinsky, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Serum Albumin/*genetics ; Species Specificity
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    Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) burst neurons: correlative evidence for neuronal generators of PGO waves (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: A newly discovered class of neurons, ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) burst neurons, has PGO wave relationships of phase-leading, stereotyped discharge bursts, and the highest reported discharge specificity and coherence; these neurons thus fulfill correlative criteria for output generator neurons for PGO waves. The PGO burst neurons are recorded in a discrete dorsal brainstem area in apposition to the brachium conjunctivum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCarley, R W -- Nelson, J P -- Hobson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):269-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Stem/cytology/*physiology ; Cats ; Geniculate Bodies/*physiology ; Neural Conduction ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Occipital Lobe/*physiology ; Pons/*physiology ; Sleep/physiology
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    Environmental hydrocarbons produce degeneration in cat hypothalamus and optic tract (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: 2,5-Hexanedione, the principal neurotoxic metabolite of the industrial solvents n-hexane and methyl n-butyl ketone causes axonal degeneration in the mammillary body and visual nuclei of cats. Prolonged, low-level exposure to hydrocarbons in the environment may cause premature deterioration in areas of the human brain vital for perception and behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaumburg, H H -- Spencer, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):199-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/413192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/pathology ; Cats ; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity ; Geniculate Bodies/drug effects ; Hexanones/*toxicity ; Ketones/*toxicity ; Mammillary Bodies/*drug effects/pathology ; Nerve Degeneration/*drug effects ; Superior Colliculi/pathology ; Visual Pathways/*drug effects/pathology
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    Intracellular analysis of trigeminal motoneuron activity during sleep in the cat (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: Intracellular recordings were made from trigeminal motoneurons of normally respiring, unanesthetized cats during naturally occurring sleep. The transition from quiet to active sleep was accompanied by tonic motoneuron hyperpolarization. Stimulation of the reticular formation induced a depolarizing potential in trigeminal motoneurons during quiet sleep and a hyperpolarizing potential during active sleep. The results provide a synaptic explanation for the phenomenon of reticular response reversal and insights into the basic mechanisms controlling motor activity during the sleep states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamura, Y -- Goldberg, L J -- Chandler, S H -- Chase, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):204-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Membrane Potentials ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Reflex ; Reticular Formation/*physiology ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Trigeminal Nerve/*physiology
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    Prostacyclin: a potentially valuable agent for preserving myocardial tissue in acute myocardial ischemia (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Prostacyclin, a potent, naturally occurring prostaglandin exerts a variety of cardiovascular and cellular actions of potential value in acute myocardial ischemia. These properties include the reduction of systemic blood pressure without changing heart rate, the lowering of coronary vascular and total peripheral resistance, the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the concomitant formation of thromboxane B2, and the reduction of the release of lysosomal enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lefer, A M -- Ogletree, M L -- Smith, J B -- Silver, M J -- Nicolaou, K C -- Barnette, W E -- Gasic, G P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):52-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/345441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Cats ; Coronary Circulation/drug effects ; Coronary Disease/drug therapy ; Epoprostenol/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Hemodynamics/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysosomes/drug effects/enzymology ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects ; Prostaglandins/*pharmacology ; Thromboxanes/blood ; Vascular Resistance/drug effects
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    Amino acid sequence of the Fc region of a canine immunoglobulin M: interspecies homology for the IgM class (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: The amino acid structure for the Fc portion of a canine immunoglobulin mu chain was determined. The sequence was compared with those of two human mu chains, and a high degree of interspecies homology was observed. The preservation of primary structure between species is probably reflective of the unique functions associated with the immunoglobulin M class.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasserman, R L -- Capra, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1159-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Dogs ; Humans ; *Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; *Immunoglobulin M ; Species Specificity
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    Pressure-adaptive differences in lactate dehydrogenases of congeneric fishes living at different depths (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: The muscle-type (M4) lactate dehydrogenases of Sebastolobus altivelis, a deep-water scorpaenid, and S. alascanus, a shallower species, are electrophoretically indistinguishable, yet differ in pressure sensitivities. The lactate dehydrogenase of S. altivelis exhibits lower pressure sensitivities of substrate and coenzyme binding and catalytic rate. Such apparently pressure-adaptive kinetic properties may be important for establishing species depth zonation patterns in the ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siebenaller, J -- Somero, G N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):255-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/208149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Fishes/*physiology ; *Hydrostatic Pressure ; Isoenzymes ; Kinetics ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism ; Muscles/enzymology ; NAD/metabolism ; *Pressure ; Pyruvates/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Temperature
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    Aflatoxicol: major aflatoxin B1 metabolite in rat plasma (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Aflatoxicol, a carcinogenic metabolite of the foodborne carcinogen aflatoxin B1 previously known only as a bioreduction product in vitro, was identified as the major aflatoxin metabolite in the plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats, a susceptible species, that had been doses orally or intravenously with aflatoxin B1 labeled with carbon-14. Alfatoxicol, however, was not detected in the plasma of similarly dosed mice and monkeys, which are both resistant to aflatoxin B1-induced cardinogenesis. The formation of aflatoxicol both in vitro and in vivo may be an indicatory of species sensitivity to aflatoxin-induced carcinogenesis and may be useful in the prediction of human susceptibility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, Z A -- Hsieh, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):325-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aflatoxins/*blood/metabolism ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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