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  • Articles  (150)
  • Rats, Inbred Strains  (103)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
  • General Chemistry
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • Organic Chemistry
  • 1980-1984  (150)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (150)
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  • Articles  (150)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STEM imaging of thick specimens with off-axis detectors (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Image contrast ; Inelastic scattering ; Thick specimens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: For scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images obtained with relatively small objective aperture sizes, the contrast of small objects contained within thick specimens may be considerably enhanced by using an off-axis detector aperture situated on the edge of the central beam spot. The effect is demonstrated for both crystalline and amorphous specimens. The effect arises because the detector collects part of the small angle inelastic scattering and is modified by refraction effects for specimens of rapidly changing thickness.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer simulation and analysis of high-resolution electron microscope images and diffraction patterns with partial coherence, hollow cone illumination, and virtual apertures (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 107-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Phase contrast ; Computer simulation ; Partial coherence ; Electron microscopy ; Convergent beam ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A general method for computing high-resolution conventional transmission electron microscope images and diffraction patterns, when there are different types of partially coherent illumination conditions, is described. Examples of convergent beam, hollow cone, and virtual aperture illumination conditions are given in the context of interpreting image features. A comparison of real and computed diffraction patterns shows that, in practice, many innovative imaging modes are possible, which can be verified prior to real microscope experiments.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intelligent interface for a microprocessor controlled scanning transmission electron microscope with x-ray imaging (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Synchronous digital image acquisition and scan generation (SDIASG) ; X-ray imaging ; Scanning transmission electron microscope ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: An intelligent interface has been designed to perform synchronous digital image acquistion and scan generation (SDIASG interface) for a microprocessor controlled Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (S(T)EM) with x-ray imaging. The SDIASG interface connects an LSI-11/2 microprocessor to a Philips EM400 electron microscope. The LSI-11/2 microprocessor is part of a DeAnza VC5000 digital image display system. A system using the SDIASG interface is described. The system takes advantage of the SDIASG interface and a DeAnza VC5000 digital image display system to realize new capabilities that optimize conditions for x-ray mapping.A low characteristic x-ray count rate is generated by the ultrathin specimens from which high resolution x-ray maps can be obtained (Shuman et al, 1976; Somlyo and Shuman, 1982). This low count rate necessitates a long image accumulation time, which in turn makes drift correction essential for maintaining spatial resolution. The new capabilities of the system described here consist of real-time display and summation of consecutive image and x-ray maps, and automatic return to a high speed imaging mode between consecutive x-ray map passes. The new capabilities combine to allow frequent correction for specimen drift between consecutive x-ray mapping passes while still permitting a long total accumulation time for the x-ray maps.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the Laplacian filter to high-resolution enhancement of SEM images (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Digital image processing ; Laplacin filter ; Scanning electron microscopy ; High-resolution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Certain digital image-processing methods, which are useful for nonperiodic structural images, have been applied to high-resolution SEM images for the improvement of resolution. Samples utilized in the present study consisted of magnetic tape coated with gold, T4 phage coated with gold-palladium, and uncoated specimens of Prolamellar body (PLB) in Cucurbita moschata. These images were blurred and otherwise disturbed by electronic noise, though the images were taken at the limit of efficiency of intrinsic instrument. The major image-processing tool was the Laplacian filter, which subtracts the Laplacian from the original image. Noise, which is a serious problem in digital processing of high-resolution SEM images, was suppressed by the nonlinear type smoothing method. Also, the noise was evaluated by an autocorrelation function and a power spectrum of the image. By using these methods of “deblurring” and noise removal, we achieved better resolution, and structural details of our biological specimens were revealed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The usefulness of glutaraldehyde-carbohydrazide copolymerization in biological specimen stabilization for scanning electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: GACH ; Amino-resin ; SEM ; Preparation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Biological specimens can be prepared for scanning electron microscopy by means of copolymerizing the fixing agent glutaraldehyde with carbohydrazide prior to air drying. Such preparations are more stable in the electron microscope, show less internal cellular disruption and retain more of their native elemental composition than specimens prepared by means of dehydration and critical-point drying. Specimens observed in the scanning electron microscope can often be recovered for thin sectioning with no additional embedment, and can then be observed by means of transmission elecltron microscopy. The preparation (termed GACH) can be performed in almost any laboratory with no specialized equipment and, for the most part, may be carried out at room temperature. The technique appears to provide the promise of further research applications in scanning electron microscopy which may employ conjugated procedures of immunocytochemistry and cathodoluminescence as well as X-ray microanalysis in limited situations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for achieving consistent release of formvar film from clean glass slides (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 203-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein A-gold electron microscopic immunocytochemistry: Methods, applications, and limitations (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 243-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Protein A-Gold ; Lowicryl ; Glycolmethacrylate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The postembedding protein A-gold immunocytochemical approach has been introduced as an alternative to other techniques for the ultrastructural localization of antigenic sites. The present review deals with the development, the theoretical background, and technical approach of the protein A-gold method as well as the different modifications introduced in order to enhance the resolution of the results and to perform double labelings on the same section. Various examples demonstrate the reliability and the wide range of application of this technique. In addition, some problems, pitfalls, and limitations particular to this method are reported.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010304
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of cultured cells of vascular origin for transmission electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Vascular cell cultures ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A method is described for obtaining optimal, reproducible ultrastructure of vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells in culture. Routinely grown cultures are prepared for TEM with a precise regimen of fixation, postfixation, en bloc staining, dehydration, and embedment. The most important aspects of this procedure are the following: (1) fixation with a percentage-gradient series of glutaraldehyde solutions at 37°C, (2) immediate postfixation with osmium tetroxide solution, and (3) block-staining with uranyl acetate solution to eliminate any extraction of constituents during subsequent processing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-replica cytochemistry as a tool for studying cell-surface enzyme activity: Membrane ecto-ATPase localization in liver cell cultures (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 289-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Epithelial cell ; Membrane ; Ecto-ATPase ; Stain-replica ; Plasma polymerization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A stain-replica technique is described for cytochemical examination of ecto-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity over the membrane surface of monolayer cell cultures. Rat liver epithelial cells grown on a plastic substrate were fixed in glutaraldehyde, incubated in situ in an ATPase-lead reaction medium, ethanol-dehydrated and air-dried. The cell surface of the monolayer cultures was replicated with plasma polymerization of hydrocarbon gas in the negative phase of glow discharge. X-ray microprobe analysis confirmed the site-specific deposition of lead phosphate in the polymer-replica films. The cytochemical localization of lead was mirrored in the replicas of epithelial cells, demonstrating that ATPase activity was expressed along the apical margins of cell-to-cell contacts. Little or no activity was present over the remainder of the smooth-surface membranes. In transformed epithelial cells, there were abundant reaction products over the microvilli and intercellular boundaries. These observations were consistent with biochemical data on the liver epithelial cells in culture and suggested the potential of surface-replica cytochemistry.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallax measurements on stereomicrographs of hydrated single molecules: Their accuracy and precision at high magnification (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 373-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: TEM ; Parallax equation ; Freeze-etch ; Pt-C replication ; Hydrated spermidine-condensed DNA toruses ; Stereoheight measurements ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Stereoimaging of hydrated single complex macromolecules requires thin freeze-etch platinum-carbon replicas (≤200 Å) and that the transmission electron microscope (TEM) be equipped with a tilt-rotation eucentric goniometer stage. The original parallax equation is an accurate approximation for high-magnification work, micrographs (105 ×) being less than 0.3% in error. In addition, we have derived formulas for high-magnification work to measure heights, lateral distances, and the object tilt angle for an object not lying flat on the film surface. The accuracy of the height measurements is evaluated on spermidine-condensed DNA toruses. By using the maximum error equation derived from the original parallax equation, we discuss methods to improve the height measurement precision (95% fractile) to the 5-10 Å range.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010406
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glove materials for handling epoxy resins (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 417-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010411
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tannic acid in routine staining of thin sections (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 419-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010412
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electron microscope: Emerging technologies (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010102
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of cross-section specimens for transmission electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Cross-section specimen ; Thin films ; Interfaces ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The structure and chemistry of thin solid films are best studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) when they are viewed in cross-section - that is, when the surface normal of the film is made perpendicular to the electron beam. In this orientation, the substrate, the thin film layers, and the interfaces between them can be imaged either simultaneously or individually. Further, information from each of these regions remains distinct from that obtained from the others, eliminating the problems of superimposition that are a consequence of viewing a layered structure in the conventional manner (i.e., parallel to the surface normal). A technique for fabricating TEM specimens that can be viewed in cross-section is described here. Although the majority of our work is with silicon-based materials, the technique can be readily adapted to the study of other systems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010106
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of negatives during storage-a case report (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 313-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010311
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of biological tissue sections for correlative ion, electron, and light microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 299-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Ion microscopy ; Correlative microscopy ; Electron probe microanalysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In order to correctly interpret the chemical images obtained using ion microscopy (IM), it is useful to correlate them with the information provided by conventional light microscopy (LM), secondary electron imaging (SEI), backscattered electron imaging (BEI), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Accordingly, we have devised a technique of specimen preparation which allows for the application of several different microanalytical techniques to a single histologic section mounted on the same substrate. Sections are cut onto polyester plastic coverslips (devoid of peaks for any element with atomic number 〉 9 using EPMA) and studied by LM. After a light rotary coating with carbon (to prevent charging), the section can then be examined by SEI, BEI, and EPMA. Specific areas can be marked for IM study either with an objective-mounted pin tissue microlocater, or by placing small pieces of metal foil, cut in specific geometric shapes, over features of interest. After sputter-coating the sample with platinum, metal-free shadows are visible using a low-power reflected light microscope available on a typical IM sample chamber as a guide for ion beam placement. The conductive coatings also minimize specimen charging during IM. Post-IM light microscopy, SEI, and BEI are used to confirm the location of specific areas probed in the IM experiments and to provide information on differential ion-sputtering artifacts and tissue contaminants. This new correlative technique should permit better understanding of the images obtained with these diverse instruments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010309
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous serial thin sectioning for electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 387-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ultramicrotomy ; Serial sectioning ; Electronmicroscopy ; Seria reconstruction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The process of serial sectioning for electron microscopy has been refined such that loss of thin sections is kept below 0.1% and the series is continued at will. The method relies on microscopic control of all manipulative steps, Formvar casting on plate glass for coated slot grids, coating of the block with contact cement for reliable ribboning, pickup by a one-step method with grid support in the diamond knife trough, staining in LKB grid holders, gentle treatment of grids in the electron microscope, and a slight modification to the microscope for safe grid withdrawal. The results are particularly applicable to the reconstruction of neuronal microcircuits and larger volumes of neuropil.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010407
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion milling of materials science specimens for electron microscopy: A review (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ceramics ; Electron microscopy ; Ion milling ; Specimen preparation ; Sputtering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Ion bombardment to perforation is a common technique in the materials sciences by which thin specimens can be prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The process is not without complication and involves radiation damage to the specimen and tends not to preserve the initial specimen topology. Some of the more important facets of the ion-milling process, pertinent to such specimen preparations, are described.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010409
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid nitrogen-based quick freezing: Experiences with bounce-free delivery of cholinergic nerve terminals to a metal surface (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 9-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Quick freezing ; Synaptic vesicles ; Cholinergic nerve terminals ; Electric organ ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The limitations of chemical fixation in permitting the 1:1 quantitative correlations required for convincing ultrastructural explanations of cell biological processes are noted. We describe techniques for obtaining highly reproducible direct quick freezing on the polished surface of pure copper bars dipping into a static dewar of liquid N2. The importance and the ease of testing and obtaining bounce suppression with commerically available equipment is emphasized. Artefacts caused by tissue damage and bad freezing are illustrated, and a hitherto unrecognized population of presynaptic membrane attached vesicles is described in Torpedine electric organ. Between 15 and 20% of the synaptic vesicles are attached to ca. 30% of the cytoplasmic face of the presynaptic terminal membrane. There is a close correlation between the occurrence of such attachments and the application of electrocyte basal lamina to the external face. We suggest that these vesicles are the ‘membrane operators,’ ‘vesigates,’ and ‘highly active subpopulation’ of vesicles whose existence has been invoked to explain biochemical data in other laboratories. We further speculate that relatively selective Ca pumping by this immediately submembranous population leads to displacement of acetylcholine (ACh) and reloading with newly synthesized ACh. The preferential release of the latter would then be expected.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010103
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A polylysine binding method for scanning electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 95-96 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010109
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  • 21
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    Acetylcholine receptor at neuromuscular junctions by EM autoradiography using mask analysis and linear sources (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 63-81 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Mask analysis ; Neuromuscular junction ; Acetylcholine receptor ; Junctional folds ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Several methods of analyzing EM autoradiograms are now available. Two such procedures, the grain density distribution (or histogram) method and the mask method use the resolution of the EM autoradiographic technique to generate grain distributions expected from postulated sources, and compare these with the observed grains in the autoradiograms. These two methods are here compared in the analysis of label on linear sources: the distribution of labeled acetylcholine receptor (AChR) down the postjunctional folds of lizard and frog neuromuscular junctions. The receptors were labeled with I-25-α-bungarotoxin and the autoradiograms coated with the high resolution Kodak emulsion 129-01. We found that both methods gave similar results in confirming that the bulk of the AChR is concentrated on the thickened region of the membrane at the top ∼2000 A of the junctional folds, and that there may be a gradient of receptor concentration down the folds. The grain density distribution method is simpler, but does not lend itself easily to quantifying the extent of deviation from simple models. Although computer graphics is not necessary for either method, its use allows the expected grains from linear sources to be generated quickly, making the mask analysis a feasible routine method for assigning the extent of label in different membrane regions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010107
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  • 22
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    Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of aqueous biologic samples on bulk supports (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 141-150 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microprobe ; X-ray analysis ; Kidney physiology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The present investigation describes a modification of the liquid droplet technique that allows for the quantitative elemental analysis of small volumes (〈 100 picoliters) of aqueous biologic samples using a scanning transmission electron microscope (Philips 400 HTG-STEM) equipped with an EDAX energy dispersive detector. Aliquots of samples and standards were micropipetted onto solid beryllium supports under paraffin oil. The oil was washed with organic solvents and the samples frozen and freeze-dried. The samples were excited in a Philips 400-HTG-STEM by scanning a 1-μm, 20-kV electron beam over the surface of the droplets, and the X-ray spectra were collected. Measured X-ray intensities in characteristic peaks were found to be linearly related to the concentration of various elements in the sample. This work demonstrates the feasibility of performing quantitative elemental analysis of minute samples and cells in a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010204
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  • 23
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    A multisample chamber for dehydration and critical point drying (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 199-201 
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    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Critical point drying ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The principles and methods for constructing an improved chamber for dehydration and critical point drying of multiple biological samples are described. The specimen chamber design is based on vertical positioning of the electron microscope grids or coverslips and permits minimal perturbation of laminar solvent flow past the specimens. This condition is requisite for optimal exposure of samples to solvents, which is necessary for complete dehydration and drying. Fragile samples, including chromosomes, critical point dried in the multisample chamber demonstrate crisp, well-preserved, three-dimensional morphology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010208
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  • 24
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    A quantitative evaluation of the glomerular capillary endothelium in rat and human kidneys: Utilization of vascular perfusion, freeze-cracking of tissue, and scanning electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Glomerular capillary endothelium ; Vascular perfusion ; Freeze-cracking ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Modern morphological investigation requires the use of a variety of technological approaches and the employment of rigorous morphometric analysis for an adequate evaluation of the structural and ultrastructural features of a tissue or organ. The introduction of the technique of freeze-cracking of tissue to expose new surfaces has made it possible to quantitate the normal surface characteristics of the glomerular capillaries of the mammalian kidney. This report describes the techniques used for the preparation and quantitative assessment of normal glomerular endothelial morphology. The techniques of in vivo and in vitro vascular perfusion of kidneys as a method of fixation and the freeze-cracking of tissue are outlined in detail. In addition, a morphometric analysis of the endothelial surface characteristics are described and values are reported for the control rat and human kidneys from transplant donors.
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    Processing small tissue specimens in acrylic resins for ultramicrotomy: Improved handling and orientation (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 205-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010210
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    A procedure for rupture-free preparation of confluently grown monolayer cells for scanning electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Monolayer cells ; preparation for SEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Monolayers of PtK-1 and HeLa cells grown on glass or plastic supports are extremely susceptible to lacerations, e.g., splits and cracks caused mainly by shrinkage when prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We find that a four-step fixation procedure including glutaraldehyde, OsO4, tannic acid, and uranylacetate application, in combination with critical point drying, drastically reduces these structural damages. In addition, the conductivity of the specimens is enhanced, so that they can be investigated without gold coating. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of perpendicular sections in the area of lacerations provides evidence that the subcortical cytoskeletal elements are of crucial importance in maintaining cell membrane stability during the preparations. Our relatively quick and simple procedure results in an improved structural appearance of the cells.
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    Zone-axis diffraction patterns by the “Tanaka” method (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron diffraction ; Zone-axis patterns ; Convergent-beam diffraction ; Tanaka method ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The “Tanaka” method is one of several techniques that make it possible to obtain zone-axis electron diffraction patterns in a transmission electron microscope without the restriction in the field of view that limits normal convergent-beam diffraction patterns.The method employs a convergent-beam of electrons focused to a probe in a plane that does not coincide with the specimen. The selected area aperture can then be used to eliminate all but one of the diffracted beams to obtain the desired pattern. Practical details of operation and values of operating parameters are discussed.The Tanaka method is a useful addition to the techniques available to the electron microscopist, especially since no instrumental modification is required.
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    Notes on the use of Y-modulation imaging in studies of cuticular surfaces of larval (Philometridae) nematodes (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 311-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010310
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    A simple device for the electron microscopic study of hydrogen absorption in FeTi (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 315-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010312
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010401
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    Enzyme-gold electron microscopic cytochemistry: A new affinity approach for the ultrastructural localization of macromolecules (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 349-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Enzyme-gold ; Cytochemistry ; Nucleic acids ; Elastin ; Collagen ; Glycogen ; Xylans ; Chitins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The enzyme-gold postembedding approach has been introduced recently in the field of cytochemistry for the ultrastructural localization of macromolecules. This technique is based on the affinity properties existing between an enzyme and its substrate. The possibility of detecting substrate molecules by applying enzyme-gold complexes has been established. The present review deals with the development and the technical approach of this method. Various applications are reported for the demonstration of the reliability of the technique that yields results of high specificity and resolution. In addition, some technical problems and limitations particular to this method are reported and discussed.
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    A microcomputer program in “BASIC” for the accurate determination of the height of small particles (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 399-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Particle size ; Electron microscopy ; Microcomputer programs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A formula is derived to enable the calculation of the true height of an object, such as a shadowed latex bead, from electron micrographs. Knowing only the angle of shadowing and the length of the evaporated shadow, and by substituting these values in the derived formula, a microcomputer may be programmed to carry out the necessary computations. An example of such a microcomputer program is given. The correct determination of the height of particles by electron microscopy using the shadowing technique is one of the most accurate methods available for the determination of small particle height.
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    Mounting and removal of electron micrographs for publication (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 415-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Announcements (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 209-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010212
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010301
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    Polyethylene glycol (PEG) embedding and subsequent de-embedding as a method for the structural and immunocytochemical examination of biological specimens by electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 227-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: PEG method ; resinless section ; microtrabeculae ; cytoplasmic sol et gel ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A simple and reliable method to make resinless sections for electron microscopy was recently developed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a transient embedding media. In this paper the practical procedure of this PEG method is described in detail. Normal ultrastructure of several types of in-situ cells in resinless sections is demonstrated. The cytoplasmic matrix of all in-situ cells examined is revealed to consist of the microtrabecular lattice. A result from application of this technique to immuno-electron microscopy is also illustrated. This method is shown to have potential in overcoming the problem of intracellular penetration of macromolecular antibodies. Several artifacts caused by failures in specimen preparations are displayed. The real or artifactual nature of the microtrabecula is briefly discussed.
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    An iodized mounting medium for coal particles (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 285-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: SEM ; Coal analysis ; Mounting medium ; Polished sections ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A high electron-density embedding medium was developed for SEM observation of inorganic constituents of organic or carbonaceous particles. The components used are a common epoxy resin in which iodoform is dissolved before the addition of the hardener. An iodoform content of 10% by weight proved satisfactory for obtaining excellent contrast between the matrix and embedded carbonaceous particles in the SEM. The system has been successfully applied in the preparation of polished specimens of coal particles. There is no interference between the iodine and any of the most abundant or most important coal mineral components, but it was found that the epoxy resin contained chlorine as a contaminant.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010201
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    A versatile system for illuminating flat-embedded specimens during block trimming (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 207-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010211
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    Photographic print defects attributable to point source enlargers (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Photography ; Point source enlarger ; Electron micrograph ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Point source enlargers may cause unusual types of printing defects. One type is a large spot in the center of the enlarged picture field that sometimes appears when the edges of negatives are not adequately masked during printing. Another type is a blurry image caused by a defect in the polycontrast filter. The defect appears in the filter as a small spot of about 1/8-inch diameter, formed, presumably, by heat from the focused beam of the point source light. A spot defect of this type is difficult to see by a cursory visual examination of the filter and may develop unnoticed and persist for months before it is finally recognized.
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    Rapid freezing, cryosectioning, and x-ray microanalysis on cardiac muscle preparations in defined functional states (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 151-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle ; Rapid freezing ; Cryosectioning ; X-ray microanalysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electrically stimulated heart muscle preparations can be quickly frozen in undercooled propane at defined times of the mechanically controlled contraction cycle. The apparatus for triggered freezing of the muscle strips in undercooled propane is described in detail. Freeze substitution of some strips after freezing shows the degree of ice crystal formation without the potential interference of artifacts introduced later by cryosectioning and freeze drying. Ultrathin longitudinal and transversal cryosections are cut with a LKB cryoultramicrotome at temperatures of -130 to -140°C, freeze-dried at 10-6 Torr vacuum and carbon-coated before analysis. The freeze-dried cryosections are analyzed in a Siemens Elmiskop 102 electron microscope equipped with a Kevex energy dispersive system, and the elemental concentrations (in mMol/kg d.w.) of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca are determined in subcellular compartments of muscle frozen in different functional states. The methodology of quantitation, i.e, determination of elemental net peak and continuum, correction of continuum, preparation of standards, and deconvolution of overlapping peaks are described. The minimum detectable elemental concentration using the reported methods is in the range of a few mMol/kg d.w. This also applies to Ca, which can be accumulated in heart muscle in readily detectable amounts in intracellularly located stores as well as structures connected with the cell membrane. The present report shows that cryotechniques and x-ray microanalysis can be successfully applied to heart physiology.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010101
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    Parallel-recording systems for electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron energy loss spectroscopy ; Parallel detection ; Photodiode assays ; Fluorescent screens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The present report paper deals with the use of a photodiode array for recording electron energy loss spectra in a transmission electron microscope. Important properties of the array are outlined, together with a description of the circuitry needed for interfacing the output to a multichannel analyser.In the direct-exposure mode, the device can easily detect a single (80 or 100 keV) electron, allowing inner-shell energy losses between 200 eV and 2000 eV to be recorded in about 10 seconds. By signal averaging a large number of readouts, a dynamic range of at least 105 is possible. Irradiation damage to the array can be controlled by cooling the array and by various anealing procedures. Sensitivity and DQE are lower, but the dynamic range is higher in the indirect mode, where a fluorescent screen is used to convert the electrons into visible photons, which are then imaged onto the diodes. The choice of screen material and of optical coupling to the array are discussed. Several spectral artifacts are described, together with spectrum-processing techniques designed to remove them.
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    A Fixation/dehydration/infiltration apparatus. That minimizes human exposure to harmful chemicals (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 97-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    The 1984 Southeast electron microscopy society meeting (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 210-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010213
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    Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Vascular casts ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Vascular anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Corrosion casts provide three dimensional replicas that can be examined readily by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They are prepared by filling vascular networks with polymerizing plastic and then digesting away the tissue. As based on our studies of ocular vessels, this report describes the vascular anatomy, as well as the artifacts, that are encountered during SEM studies of such preparations.
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    Localization of opioid binding sites in rat brain by electron microscopic radioautography (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 317-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Opioids ; Receptors ; Brain ; Radioautography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Two met-enkephalin analogs (FK 33-824 and FW 34-569, Sandoz) were utilized for in vitro labeling of opioid binding sites in the rat central nervous system. Binding kinetics determined in 20-μm-thick frozen tissue sections of the striatum revealed that both pentapeptides bind to a single population of sites at 20°C with an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of approximately 1-2 nM and a maximum capacity (B max) of 65-170 fmoles/mg protein. Radioautographic data suggest that this population is the same for iodinated and tritiated forms of the FK compound and the iodinated FW analog. Fixation of labeled sections with high concentrations of glutaraldehyde allowed proportional retention of more than 50% of specifically bound 125I-FK molecules in all brain regions after histological processing for high-resolution radioautography. In contrast, glutaraldehyde fixation did not prevent the loss of bound 125I-FW molecules. These differences are attributed to the presence in FK, but not in FW molecules, of a free primary amino group considered essential for cross-link formation between aldehydes and proteins, and imply that a majority of FK-receptor complexes may be stabilized by glutaraldehyde. Consistent with this observation is the fact that the radioautographic distribution of specifically bound 125I-FK was unchanged after fixation and dehydration. In electron microscopic radioautographs prepared from prefixed, vibratome-cut striatal sections that were incubated with 125I-FK and fixed with glutaraldehyde, silver grains were found to be mostly associated with neuronal plasma membrane interfaces. The present methodological approach thus appears to be compatible with electron microscopic localization of opioid binding sites in the central nervous system and might be applicable to the localization of other types of binding sites using radioligand molecules that contain a free primary amino group.
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    Increased intracranial self-stimulation in rats after long-term administration of desipramine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: The effects of long- and short-term administration of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine on intracranial self-stimulation in rats were studied with electrodes in the A10 region of the dopamine-containing cell bodies of the ventromedial tegmentum. Long-term desipramine administration resulted in a significant shift to the left in the ascending portion of the rate--current intensity function, indicating that the activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system was enhanced. These findings point to a possible dopaminergic mechanism of action of antidepressants and support speculations concerning the role of dopamine-containing neurons in the pathophysiology of depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fibiger, H C -- Phillips, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):683-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7197394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Depression/physiopathology ; Desipramine/*administration & dosage ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Self Stimulation/*drug effects ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Dietary restriction retards the age-associated loss of rat striatal dopaminergic receptors (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: In male Wistar rats subjected to dietary restriction by alternate days of feeding and fasting the normal age-associated loss of striatal dopamine receptors in the brain was substantially retarded. The mean survival time of the rats on the restricted diet was increased by approximately 40 percent compared to control rats given free access to food. Dopamine receptor concentrations in striata of 24-month-old rats that had been on a restricted diet since weaning were 50 percent higher than those of control animals of the same age, and essentially comparable to 3- and 6-month-old control rats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levin, P -- Janda, J K -- Joseph, J A -- Ingram, D K -- Roth, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Fasting ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Modulation of parallel fiber excitability by postsynaptically mediated changes in extracellular potassium (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: Field potentials and extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) were simultaneously monitored in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellar cortex during stimulation of the parallel fibers. The synaptic field potential elicited by stimulation was reduced by several methods. Reduction of synaptic field potentials was accompanied by a marked increase in the excitability of the parallel fibers. This change in excitability was related to the degree of extracellular K+ accumulation associated with parallel fiber stimulation. These findings support the proposal that increases in [K+]o associated with activity in postsynaptic elements can modulate the excitability of presynaptic afferent fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malenka, R C -- Kocsis, J D -- Ransom, B R -- Waxman, S G -- NS 15589/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-00473/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):339-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/*physiology ; Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cerebellar Cortex/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Extracellular Space/physiology ; Male ; Manganese/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Electroconvulsive shock increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the brain and adrenal gland of the rat (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: A single application of electroconvulsive shock produced a rapid but short-lasting increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity above control values in the rat adrenal medulla and striatum. After repeated electroconvulsive shock treatment (once per day for 7 days), tyrosine hydroxylase activity increased significantly in the locus ceruleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, hippocampus, cerebellum, and frontal cortex and remained elevated for 4 to 8 days. Adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity increased 1 day after the termination of repeated electroconvulsive shock treatments and remained elevated for at least 24 days, possibly reflecting the establishment of a new and higher steady-state level of catecholamine biosynthesis in the adrenal. These findings suggest that the persistent changes in tyrosine hydroxylase activity produced by repeated electroconvulsive shock may be a factor contributing to the long-lasting antidepressant effects of this treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masserano, J M -- Takimoto, G S -- Weiner, N -- NS 07927/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 09199/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):662-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6117127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*enzymology ; Animals ; Brain/*enzymology ; Corpus Striatum/enzymology ; *Electroshock ; Enzyme Induction ; Locus Coeruleus/enzymology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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    Ontogeny of gastric acid secretion in the rat: evidence for multiple response systems (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Gastric acid secretion has been thought to depend on histamine stimulation of the parietal cell. However, in the 2-week-old rat neither exogenous histamine nor the H-2 receptor agonist impromidine stimulates acid secretion, whereas pentagastrin and the cholinergic agent bethanechol are potent stimuli. At this age, the effect of pentagastrin in acid secretion is not blocked by the H-2 receptor antagonist cimetidine, nor is it potentiated by impromidine. These data suggest that, in the rat pup, the acid secretory response to pentagastrin and cholinergic agents occurs before the histamine-mediated system is functional and operates independently of the actions of histamine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ackerman, S H -- K1-MH00077/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-AM-18804/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6211765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Bethanechol Compounds/pharmacology ; Gastric Juice/drug effects/*secretion ; Gastric Mucosa/growth & development ; Guanidines/pharmacology ; Histamine/pharmacology ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Impromidine ; Pentagastrin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Histamine H2/drug effects
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    Stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine: phencyclidine-like behavioral effects in squirrel monkeys and rats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: (+/-)-N-Allylnormetazocine is a benzomorphan opioid with psychotomimetic effects. The pure stereoisomers of this compound, as well as the racemic mixture, were compared to phencyclidine for their behavioral effects on squirrel monkeys and rats trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline. Dose-response determinations were made for responses to phencyclidine, to a racemic mixture of N-allylnormetazocine, and to the pure levo and dextro isomers of N-allylnormetazocine. In both rats and monkeys, the dextro isomer and the racemic mixture produced dose-dependent responses appropriate for phencyclidine; the levo isomer did not produce the responses appropriate for phencyclidine at any of the doses tested. In both species, the levo isomer was more potent than the dextro isomer in decreasing the rate of responding. Thus racemic N-allylnormetazocine is a mixture of compounds that produce different behavioral effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brady, K T -- Balster, R L -- May, E L -- DA-00490/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-01442/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):178-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Phenazocine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Phencyclidine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Saimiri ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Reversal of morphine disruption of maternal behavior by concurrent treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: Rats whose pregnancies were surgically terminated on day 17 of gestation were injected with morphine, morphine plus naloxone hydrochloride, or saline, and then tested for maternal responsiveness toward foster young. Morphine treatment alone significantly disrupted the rate of onset and quality of maternal responsiveness. Concurrent administration of naloxone to morphine-injected rats reinstated the rapid onset of behavioral responsiveness toward foster young, such that the responsiveness of the rats treated with both morphine and naloxone was indistinguishable from that shown by saline-injected controls. The disruptive effects of morphine did not appear to result from a general reduction in activity levels as measured in an open-field apparatus. These findings suggest that the normal onset and maintenance of maternal behavior in the rat may be regulated by endogenous opiates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bridges, R S -- Grimm, C T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):166-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Drug Antagonism ; Female ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Ethanol in low doses augments calcium-mediated mechanisms measured intracellularly in hippocampal neurons (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: The electrophysiological effects of ethanol in low doses (5 to 20 millimoles per liter or 23 to 92 milligrams per 100 milliliters) were examined intracellularly in CA1 cells of rat hippocampus in vitro. Inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials were increased when ethanol was applied to the respective synaptic terminal regions. Postsynaptically, ethanol caused a moderate hyperpolarization with increased membrane conductance, even when synaptic transmission was blocked. Ethanol augmented the hyperpolarization that followed repetitive firing or that followed the eliciting of calcium spikes in the presence of tetrodotoxin, but not the rapid afterhyperpolarization in calcium-free medium. Ethanol appears to augment calcium-mediated mechanisms both pre- and postsynaptically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlen, P L -- Gurevich, N -- Durand, D -- R01 NS16660-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):306-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Potassium/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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    Modulation of striatal dopaminergic function by local injection of 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Rats rotated to the left when 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) was injected into the left caudate nucleus and apomorphine was administered subcutaneously. The combination of NECA and apomorphine was more potent than L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine and apomorphine in eliciting rotation, suggesting the involvement of adenosine receptors of the Ra type. The response was reduced when 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine was injected along with NECA into the caudate nucleus or when theorphylline was given intraperitoneally. Higher doses of apomorphine elicited a self-mutilatory response after the injection of NECA into the caudate nucleus. These results suggest that adenosine may be involved in the modulation of dopaminergic function in the striatum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, R D -- Proudfit, H K -- Yeung, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):58-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) ; Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Injections ; Kinetics ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rotation ; Vasodilator Agents/*pharmacology
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    Purinergic regulation of food intake (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Inosine peripherally administered to rats markedly suppressed spontaneous food intake and food intake induced by diazepam, muscimol, insulin, and food deprivation. The purines 2-deoxyguanosine and 2-deoxyinosine also suppressed food deprivation-induced feeding, whereas 7-methylinosine, which does not bind to the benzodiazepine binding site in vitro, had no effect on food intake when compared with controls. These results suggest that purines may represent endogenous substances that regulate food intake through interactions with the benzodiazepine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, A S -- Morley, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7046046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetite/*drug effects ; Deoxyguanosine/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Eating/*drug effects ; Food Deprivation ; Inosine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Male ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Purines/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Suppression of ovulation in the rat by an orally active antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: A synthetic antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone blocked ovulation in rats in a dose-dependent manner when given by gavage on the afternoon of proestrus. Ovulation was delayed for at least 1 day in all animals given 2 milligrams of antogonist and in some of the animals treated with 1 or 0.5 milligram. Oral administration of 2 milligrams also blocked the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone. This demonstration that antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone can have oral antiovulatory activity clearly enhances their therapeutic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nekola, M B -- Horvath, A -- Ge, L J -- Coy, D H -- Schally, A V -- HD-0-2831/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):160-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6750790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Luteinizing Hormone/secretion ; Ovulation/*drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Brain injury causes a time-dependent increase in neuronotrophic activity at the lesion site (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: A cavity was made in the brain (entorhinal cortex) of developing or adult rats, and a small piece of Gelfoam was emplaced to collect fluid secreted into the wound. The neuronotrophic activity of the fluid was assayed with sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons in culture. The results show that wounds in the brain of developing or adult rats stimulate the accumulation of neuronotrophic factors and that the activity of these factors increases over the first few days after infliction of the damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nieto-Sampedro, M -- Lewis, E R -- Cotman, C W -- Manthorpe, M -- Skaper, S D -- Barbin, G -- Longo, F M -- Varon, S -- AG-00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH-19691/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16349/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):860-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Injuries/*physiopathology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholinergic Fibers/physiology ; Kinetics ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Wound Healing
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    Regulation of carcinogen metabolism in the rat ovary by the estrous cycle and gonadotropin (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: The activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase in the rat ovary is several times higher in the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle than in the estrous and metestrous plus diestrous phases. Administration of gonadotropin leads to a similar increase in the capacity of the ovary to metabolize xenobiotics. This variation in the activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase during the estrous cycle may be related to the marked changes in the incidence of ovarian cancer during menopause and in women taking contraceptive pills.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bengtsson, M -- Rydstrom, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1437-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6681915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/*metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Epoxide Hydrolases/metabolism ; *Estrus ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Gonadotropins, Equine/*pharmacology ; Metestrus ; Ovary/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus ; Quinone Reductases/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Pimozide blocks establishment but not expression of amphetamine-produced environment-specific conditioning (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: Animals with a history of receiving daily injections of +-amphetamine in a specific environment showed a placebo effect (enhanced activity) when injected with saline and placed there; control animals with similar but dissociated drug histories and experience with the test chamber failed to show the effect. The dopamine receptor blocker pimozide antagonized the establishment of conditioning. However, the same dose of pimozide, when given to previously conditioned animals on the placebo test day, failed to antagonize the expression of conditioned activity. Thus, during conditioning dopaminergic neurons mediated a change that subsequently influenced behavior even when dopaminergic systems were blocked. Although schizophrenia may be related to hyperfunctioning of dopamine, neuroleptic drugs, which block dopamine receptors on their first administration, do not have therapeutic effects for a number of days. The results of the pimozide experiments may resolve this paradox.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beninger, R J -- Hahn, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1304-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology)/*drug effects/physiology ; Dextroamphetamine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Pimozide/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology
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    Direct in vivo monitoring of dopamine released from two striatal compartments in the rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Microvoltammetric electrodes were used to monitor dopamine released in the caudate nucleus of the rat after electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. The time resolution of the technique is sufficient to determine in vivo concentration changes on a time scale of seconds. Direct evidence identifying the substance released as dopamine was obtained both voltammetrically and pharmacologically. Administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine terminates the release of dopamine, although tissue stores of dopamine are still present. Thus there appears to be a compartment for dopamine storage that is not available for immediate release. This compartment appears to be mobilized by amfonelic acid, since administration of this agent after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine returns the concentration of dopamine released by electrical stimulation to 75 percent of the original amount.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ewing, A G -- Bigelow, J C -- Wightman, R M -- KO 4 NS000356/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):169-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphetamine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Caudate Nucleus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Male ; Methyltyrosines/pharmacology ; Microelectrodes ; Naphthyridines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; alpha-Methyltyrosine
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    Scientist sues over genetically impure mice (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):625-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Jurisprudence ; Mice ; *Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Research ; United States ; Wisconsin
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    Adenosine receptors: autoradiographic evidence for their location on axon terminals of excitatory neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Adenosine receptors were made visible on light microscopy by autoradiography with tritiated cyclohexyladenosine. In the cerebellum, adenosine receptors were absent in Weaver mice, which lack granule cells, and were displaced in Reeler mice, which have displacements of granule cells. Thus, adenosine receptors appear to be located on the axon terminals of excitatory granule cells in the cerebellum. Removal of one eye of a rat depleted adenosine receptors in the contralateral superior colliculus, suggesting that the receptors occur on axon terminals of excitatory projections from retinal ganglion cells. The presence of adenosine receptors on excitatory axon terminals may explain synaptic inhibition by adenosine and the behavioral effects of xanthines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, R R -- Kuhar, M J -- Hester, L -- Snyder, S H -- DA-00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):967-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*physiology ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Axons/*physiology ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Corpus Striatum/physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Synaptic Membranes/physiology ; Thalamus/physiology
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    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and muscarinic receptors: supersensitivity induced by long-term atropine treatment (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Long-term treatment of rats with atropine induced large increases in the numbers of muscarinic receptors and receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the salivary glands. Since receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide coexist with muscarinic receptors on the same neurons in this preparation, the results suggest that a drug that alters the sensitivity of one receptor may also affect the sensitivity of the receptor for a costored transmitter and in this way contribute to the therapeutic or side effects of the drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedlund, B -- Abens, J -- Bartfai, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):519-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/*pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Hormones/*metabolism ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Muscarinic/analysis/*drug effects ; Salivary Glands/analysis/innervation ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analysis/*metabolism
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    Systemic cholinergic agents induce seizures and brain damage in lithium-treated rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Administration of pilocarpine or physostigmine to rats treated with lithium chloride produced sustained limbic seizures, widespread brain damage, and increased concentrations of D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate (a metabolite of the phosphoinositides, lipids involved in membrane receptor function) in the brain. The syndrome was preventable with atropine. The physostigmine doses and concentrations of blood lithium that caused the syndrome are similar to those considered appropriate for psychiatric chemotherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Honchar, M P -- Olney, J W -- Sherman, W R -- MH-14677/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-05159/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Chlorides/adverse effects ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Inositol/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; *Inositol Phosphates ; Lithium/*adverse effects ; Lithium Chloride ; Male ; Parasympathomimetics/*adverse effects ; Physostigmine/adverse effects ; Pilocarpine/adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Seizures/*chemically induced ; Substance-Related Disorders/*etiology
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    Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats by intracerebral injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Intracisternal injection of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) into the pylorus-ligated rat or the rat with gastric fistula resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion stimulated with pentagastrin or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. When injected into the lateral hypothalamus--but not when injected into the cerebral cortex--CRF suppressed pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. The inhibitory effect of CRF was blocked by vagotomy and adrenalectomy but not by hypophysectomy or naloxone treatment. These results indicate that CRF acts within the brain to inhibit gastric acid secretion through vagal and adrenal mechanisms and not through hypophysiotropic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tache, Y -- Goto, Y -- Gunion, M W -- Vale, W -- River, J -- Brown, M -- AM30110/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):935-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Acid/*secretion ; Hypophysectomy ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Male ; Pentagastrin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vagotomy
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    Insulin-like growth factors: a role in growth hormone negative feedback and body weight regulation via brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: Intracerebroventricular administration of ILA's, a preparation enriched in insulin-like growth factors, caused a marked decrease in growth hormone secretory episodes and in body weight associated with reduced food intake over 24 hours. Central injection of insulin and bovine serum albumin had no such effects. These findings suggest that insulin-like growth factors play a role in growth hormone negative feedback and body weight regulation at the level of the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tannenbaum, G S -- Guyda, H J -- Posner, B I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6338593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Eating/drug effects ; Growth Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*physiology ; Insulin/blood/*pharmacology ; Male ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatomedins/*pharmacology
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  • 69
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    Potent interaction between glucocorticoids and growth hormone-releasing factor in vivo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: Administration of dexamethasone significantly enhanced the pituitary growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing factor in intact as well as adrenalectomized rats. Thus the inhibitory effects of glucocorticosteroids on somatic growth which involve an interaction of these steroids and growth hormone at a peripheral level may also involve a modification of pathways within the central nervous system that regulate normal growth hormone secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wehrenberg, W B -- Baird, A -- Ling, N -- AM-18811/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD 09690/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):556-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6408735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Glucocorticoids/*pharmacology ; Growth Hormone/blood/secretion ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Increased brain size and cellular content in infant rats treated with an opiate antagonist (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: From birth to day 21, rat offspring received daily injections of naltrexone at a dosage that blocked morphine-induced analgesia 24 hours a day. At 21 days, body, brain, and cerebellar weights of naltrexone-injected animals were 18, 11, and 5 percent greater than corresponding control weights. In addition, morphometric analysis of the cerebrum revealed a somatosensory cortex that was 18 percent thicker than that of the controls. The cerebellum of naltrexone-treated rats was 41 percent larger in total area and contained at least 70 percent more glial cells and 30 percent more granule neurons. Neurons derived prenatally were unaffected by drug treatment. These results show that naltrexone can stimulate body and brain growth in rats and suggest a role for the endorphin and opiate receptor system in development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zagon, I S -- McLaughlin, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1179-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects/growth & development/ultrastructure ; Cerebellum/drug effects ; Morphine/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Naloxone/*analogs & derivatives ; Naltrexone/*pharmacology ; Neuroglia/drug effects ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatosensory Cortex/drug effects
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    Magnesium deficiency and hypertension: correlation between magnesium-deficient diets and microcirculatory changes in situ (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-23
    Description: Rats maintained for 12 weeks on diets moderately or more severely deficient in magnesium showed significant elevations in arterial blood pressure compared to control animals. Examination of the mesenteric microcirculation in situ revealed that dietary magnesium deficiency resulted in reduced capillary, postcapillary, and venular blood flow concomitant with reduced terminal arteriolar, precapillary sphincter, and venular lumen sizes. The greater the degree of dietary magnesium deficiency the greater the reductions in microvascular lumen sizes. These findings may provide a rationale for the etiology, as well as treatment, of some forms of hypertensive vascular disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altura, B M -- Altura, B T -- Gebrewold, A -- Ising, H -- Gunther, T -- HL18015/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL29600/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 23;223(4642):1315-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arterioles/pathology ; *Blood Pressure ; Capillaries/pathology ; Magnesium/blood ; Magnesium Deficiency/pathology/*physiopathology ; Male ; *Microcirculation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; *Vasoconstriction ; Venules/pathology
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    Inhibition of aldosterone production by an atrial extract (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-01
    Description: Crude extracts of rat atria reduced the basal amount of aldosterone released from rat zona glomerulosa cells and partially inhibited aldosterone stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone and angiotensin II. The destruction of this activity by trypsin suggests that the active factor is a peptide, possibly atrial natriuretic factor. These data suggest that atrial natriuretic factor affects sodium excretion by the kidneys both directly and through the inhibition of aldosterone production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Atarashi, K -- Mulrow, P J -- Franco-Saenz, R -- Snajdar, R -- Rapp, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 1;224(4652):992-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6326267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology ; Aldosterone/*biosynthesis ; Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Atrial Function ; Dogs ; Female ; Kidney/drug effects/metabolism ; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Natriuresis/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Trypsin/pharmacology
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    Fast and slow magnetic phenomena in focal epileptic seizures (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: The magnetic fields associated with penicillin-induced focal epilepsy were measured in laboratory rats. Interictal magnetic spikes were similar to those previously observed in humans with focal seizure disorders. The magnetic fields of the seizure itself displayed both slow and fast phenomena, reversing in direction on opposite sides of the head.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barth, D S -- Sutherling, W -- Beatty, J -- 1-R01-NS20806-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 1K07NS00678-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5-S07 RR07009/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):855-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6436979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electroencephalography ; *Electromagnetic Fields ; *Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Electrophysiology ; Epilepsies, Partial/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Penicillins/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Seizures/physiopathology
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  • 74
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    Autoantibodies to a 64-kilodalton islet cell protein precede the onset of spontaneous diabetes in the BB rat (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-22
    Description: Spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the BB rat is associated with the presence of antibodies to a 64-kilodalton rat islet cell protein. These protein antibodies appeared in young animals and remained for as long as 8 weeks before the clinical onset of IDDM. Antibodies to a 64-kilodalton human islet cell protein were found to be associated with human IDDM. Detection of the antibodies may therefore be used to predict an early immune reaction against pancreatic B cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baekkeskov, S -- Dyrberg, T -- Lernmark, A -- AM26190/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 22;224(4655):1348-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6374896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoantibodies/*immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans/*immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rats, Mutant Strains
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    Interrelated striated elements in vestibular hair cells of the rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Unusual fixation procedures revealed a series of interrelated striated organelles in type I and type II vestibular hair cells of the rat; these organelles seemed to be less well developed in cochlear hair cells. The findings suggest that contractile elements may play a role in sensory transduction in the inner ear, particularly in the vestibular system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, M D -- Bourne, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):622-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Organoids/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding sites in the brain: regulation in vivo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-08
    Description: Tritiated acetylcholine was used to measure binding sites with characteristics of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain. Regulation of the binding sites in vivo was examined by administering two drugs that stimulate nicotinic receptors directly or indirectly. After 10 days of exposure to the cholinesterase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate, binding of tritiated acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex was decreased. However, after repeated administration of nicotine for 10 days, binding of tritiated acetylcholine in the cortex was increased. Saturation analysis of tritiated acetylcholine binding in the cortices of rats treated with diisopropyl fluorophosphate or nicotine indicated that the number of binding sites decreased and increased, respectively, while the affinity of the sites was unaltered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, R D -- Kellar, K J -- 507 RR05360-20/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- GM07443/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 8;220(4593):214-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis/physiology ; Isoflurophate/pharmacology ; Male ; Nicotine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*physiology ; Receptors, Nicotinic/analysis/*physiology
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    Decreased neuronal inhibition in vitro after long-term administration of ethanol (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-22
    Description: The pathophysiology of brain dysfunction was studied with an animal model of chronic alcoholism. Rats were fed a liquid diet with or without ethanol for 20 weeks and then the diet without ethanol for three more weeks. Hippocampal slices were prepared and intracellular recordings were obtained from dentate granule and CA1 cells. Significant depression of orthodromically elicited inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and postspike afterhyperpolarizations was observed in neurons from ethanol-exposed animals. No differences were observed in other active or passive membrane characteristics. These results suggest that a loss of neuronal inhibition could contribute to brain dysfunction in chronic alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Durand, D -- Carlen, P L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 22;224(4655):1359-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6328654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Alcoholism/physiopathology ; Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 78
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    Intrahippocampal septal grafts ameliorate learning impairments in aged rats (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-03
    Description: Grafts of fetal septal tissue rich in cholinergic neurons were implanted as a dissociated cell suspension into the depth of the hippocampal formation in aged rats with severe impairments in spatial learning abilities. After 2 1/2 to 3 months, the rats with grafts, but not the controls, had improved their performance in a spatial learning test. Their improvement was due, at least in part, to an increased ability to use spatial cues in the task. In all animals the grafts had produced an extensive acetylcholinesterase-positive terminal network in the surrounding host hippocampal formation. Thus, the action of cholinergic neurons in the graft onto elements in the host hippocampal circuitry may be a necessary, but perhaps not sufficient, prerequisite for the observed functional recovery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gage, F H -- Bjorklund, A -- Stenevi, U -- Dunnett, S B -- Kelly, P A -- AG 03766/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 3;225(4661):533-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6539949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus ; Hippocampus/embryology/growth & development/*transplantation ; Humans ; *Learning ; Memory Disorders/*physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Isolation and culture of a tetraploid subpopulation of smooth muscle cells from the normal rat aorta (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: Smooth muscle cells with 4C (double diploid) DNA content have been found in major arteries. The proportion of 4C cells increases with normal aging and with hypertension. These cells may represent a state of arrest at the G2 phase of the cell cycle or may be examples of true tetraploidy. Flow cytometric cell sorting was used to isolate 4C smooth muscle cells from the rat aorta, and the cells were cultured. Flow cytometry, Feulgen microdensitometry, and karyotyping of the progeny of the 4C cells established the presence of true tetraploid cells. These findings demonstrate the presence of reproductively viable tetraploid cells in a normal mammalian tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, I D -- Rosen, E M -- Shapiro, H M -- Zoller, L C -- Myrick, K -- Levenson, S E -- Christenson, L -- 5-P01-CA-12662/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- AG00599/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic/analysis/*cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/analysis ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/analysis/*cytology ; *Polyploidy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Leukotriene B4 produces hyperalgesia that is dependent on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: Leukotriene B4, at the same intracutaneous doses as bradykinin, reduced the nociceptive threshold in the rat paw. The mechanism of leukotriene B4-induced hyperalgesia was distinguished from that of the hyperalgesia elicited by prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin by its dependence on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and independence of the cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, J D -- Lau, W -- Kwiat, G -- Goetzl, E J -- AM 32634/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- DE 05369/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- HL 31809/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):743-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6087456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Bradykinin/pharmacology ; Dinoprostone ; Indomethacin/pharmacology ; Leukotriene B4/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Male ; Neutrophils/*drug effects/physiology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Prostaglandins E/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; SRS-A/pharmacology
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  • 81
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    Dioxin in soil: bioavailability after ingestion by rats and guinea pigs (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: Soil environmentally contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was given by gavage to guinea pigs and rats. The development of a characteristic clinicopathologic syndrome in guinea pigs, the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in rats, and the presence of TCDD in the livers of both species show that TCDD in soil exhibits high biological availability after ingestion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McConnell, E E -- Lucier, G W -- Rumbaugh, R C -- Albro, P W -- Harvan, D J -- Hass, J R -- Harris, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1077-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/biosynthesis ; Biological Availability ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Dioxins/*metabolism ; Eating ; Enzyme Induction ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Intestinal Absorption ; Liver/drug effects ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver/enzymology ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; *Soil Pollutants/toxicity ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*metabolism/toxicity ; Thymus Gland/drug effects
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  • 82
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    Retinal capillaries: basement membrane thickening by galactosemia prevented with aldose reductase inhibitor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: A twofold thickening of capillary basement membranes of rat retinas resulting from dietary galactose was prevented by sorbinil, an inhibitor of aldose reductase. Since the basement membrane thickening was ultrastructurally similar to that typical of diabetic retinopathy, it may indicate changes in vessel permeability and susceptibility to hemorrhage. Galactosemic rats should be useful models for studying basement membrane-related complications of diabetes and for examining the potential biochemical regulation of basement membrane synthesis by aldose reductase inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robison, W G Jr -- Kador, P F -- Kinoshita, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1177-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basement Membrane/*pathology ; Capillaries/pathology ; Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Galactosemias/drug therapy/*pathology ; Imidazoles/*therapeutic use ; *Imidazolidines ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Retinal Vessels/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 83
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    Prostaglandin E2: a neuromodulator in the central control of gastrointestinal motility and feeding behavior by calcitonin (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-07
    Description: Two micrograms of prostaglandin E2 injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain in rats had the same anorectic and gastrointestinal motor effect as central administration of 0.02 unit of calcitonin. The effects of calcitonin were blocked by a previous intracerebroventricular administration of 0.25 milligram of indomethacin. These results suggest that both anorectic and gastrointestinal motor effects of calcitonin are centrally mediated by the release of prostaglandins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fargeas, M J -- Fioramonti, J -- Bueno, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 7;225(4666):1050-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6591429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Calcitonin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dinoprostone ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Motility/*drug effects ; Indomethacin/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Prostaglandins E/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 84
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    Morphine analgesia potentiated but tolerance not affected by active immunization against cholecystokinin (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: Administration of cholecystokinin was recently found to attenuate opiate analgesia. In the present study, the role of endogenous cholecystokinin in opiate analgesia was examined. Endogenously released cholecystokinin was sequestered by antibodies to cholecystokinin developed in response to an active immunization procedure. Morphine analgesia was potentiated and prolonged in rats immunized against cholecystokinin. The rate of development of morphine tolerance, however, was not affected by the antibodies. Endogenous cholecystokinin appears to function as a short-term modulator of opiate action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faris, P L -- McLaughlin, C L -- Baile, C A -- Olney, J W -- Komisaruk, B R -- ES-07066/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- MH-38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Cholecystokinin/immunology/*physiology ; *Drug Tolerance ; Immunization ; Male ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Pain/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
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  • 85
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    Salt taste transduction occurs through an amiloride-sensitive sodium transport pathway (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-27
    Description: An important early event in mammalian gustatory transduction with respect to sodium chloride has been found to be the passage of sodium ions through specific transport pathways in the apical region of the taste bud. The inward current caused by sodium chloride placed on the mucosal surface of an in vitro preparation of rat dorsal lingual epithelium can be substantially reduced by the blocker of sodium ion transport, amiloride. The data show (i) that amiloride is a specific blocker of the chorda tympani response to sodium chloride, but not to potassium chloride, (ii) that the sodium and potassium gustatory systems are largely independent at the peripheral level, and (iii) that the classical ion taste "receptor" is actually a specific transport pathway permitting the cation to enter the taste-bud cell and thereby to spread depolarizing current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heck, G L -- Mierson, S -- DeSimone, J A -- NS 13767/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 27;223(4634):403-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6691151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amiloride/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Pyrazines/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology ; Taste/*physiology ; Taste Buds/innervation/*metabolism
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  • 86
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    Surface-active biomaterials (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-11-09
    Description: Since the discovery in 1969 of a man-made surface-active material that would bond to bone, a range of materials with the same ability has been developed. These include glass, glass-ceramic, and ceramic materials which have a range of reaction rates and from which it should be possible to select a surface-active material for a specific application. The available materials and their similarities, differences, and current clinical applications are reviewed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hench, L L -- Wilson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 9;226(4675):630-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6093253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Bone Cements/therapeutic use ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Ceramics ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; Glass ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites/therapeutic use ; Male ; Orthodontics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Adhesives/therapeutic use
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  • 87
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    Frequency-dependent noradrenergic modulation of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Norepinephrine, briefly superfused during high-frequency stimulation of the mossy fibers in the rat hippocampal slice in vitro, produced a reversible increase in the magnitude, duration, and probability of induction of long-term synaptic potentiation in the CA3 subfield. Similar results were obtained with isoproterenol, whereas propranolol or timolol reversibly blocked long-term potentiation. Norepinephrine had little apparent effect on responses obtained during low-frequency stimulation of the mossy fibers. These data suggest that norepinephrine can mediate long-lasting, frequency-dependent modulation of synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain. Furthermore, the results suggest a plausible mechanism for some of the known associative interactions between synaptic inputs to hippocampal neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hopkins, W F -- Johnston, D -- NS11535/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS15772/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):350-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6091272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/*physiology ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Male ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology/*physiology ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Timolol/pharmacology
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  • 88
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    Increased numbers of thoracic dorsal root axons in rats given antibodies to nerve growth factor (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-03
    Description: Sensory axons were counted in untreated 1-month-old rats and in littermates that were injected with antibodies to nerve growth factor. There were 45 percent more unmyelinated and 17 percent more myelinated axons in dorsal roots of the fifth thoracic spinal segment in treated rats. This suggests that the number of sensory axons can be changed by postnatal inactivation of nerve growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulsebosch, C E -- Coggeshall, R E -- Perez-Polo, J R -- NS 18707/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- S07-RR05427/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- S07-RR07205/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 3;225(4661):525-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6740324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; *Antibodies ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myelin Sheath/physiology/ultrastructure ; Nerve Growth Factors/immunology/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Spinal Cord/*growth & development/ultrastructure
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  • 89
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    Inhibitors of lysosomal enzymes: accumulation of lipofuscin-like dense bodies in the brain (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-23
    Description: Injections of leupeptin (a thiol proteinase inhibitor) or chloroquine (a general lysosomal enzyme inhibitor) into the brains of young rats induced the formation of lysosome-associated granular aggregates (dense bodies) which closely resembled the ceroid-lipofuscin that accumulates in certain disease states and during aging. The dense material increased in a dose- and time-dependent fashion and was differentially distributed across brain regions and cell types. These observations provide clues to the origins of ceroid-lipofuscin and suggest means for studying the consequences of its accumulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ivy, G O -- Schottler, F -- Wenzel, J -- Baudry, M -- Lynch, G -- AG 00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS 18950/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 23;226(4677):985-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Chloroquine/*pharmacology ; Leupeptins/*pharmacology ; Lysosomes/drug effects/enzymology/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oligopeptides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 90
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    A monoclonal antibody to limbic system neurons (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: A monoclonal antibody produced against hippocampal cell membranes labeled the surface of neurons in the rat limbic system. With a few exceptions, all nonlimbic components were unstained. This specific distribution of immunopositive neurons provides strong evidence of molecular specificity among functionally related neurons in the mammalian brain and supports the concept of a limbic system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levitt, P -- NS 19606/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):299-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6199842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Axons/immunology ; Brain Stem/immunology ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Cerebellum/immunology ; Cerebral Cortex/immunology ; Diencephalon/immunology ; Epitopes/*analysis ; Female ; Hippocampus/*immunology ; Hypothalamus/immunology ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Limbic System/cytology/*immunology ; Neurons/*immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Spinal Cord/immunology ; Telencephalon/immunology
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  • 91
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    Separation of morphine analgesia from physical dependence (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate in rats for 24 hours produced marked opioid dependence, manifested by a series of well-documented signs appearing after injection of the opiate antagonist naloxone. Treatment of rats with naloxonazine significantly reduced the analgesia associated with the morphine infusions for more than 24 hours. Furthermore, 14 of 16 withdrawal signs observed in naloxonazine-treated rats were virtually identical to those in rats that received morphine alone. These results raise the possibility that different receptor mechanisms mediate morphine analgesia and many of the withdrawal signs associated with morphine dependence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ling, G S -- MacLeod, J M -- Lee, S -- Lockhart, S H -- Pasternak, G W -- DA 002615/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS 00415/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):462-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6541807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; *Substance-Related Disorders
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  • 92
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    High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of metastatic cancer cells (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of intact cancer cells revealed differences between cells with the capacity to metastasize and those that produce locally invasive tumors. The NMR resonances that characterize the metastatic cells were associated with an increased ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid and an increased amount of plasma membrane-bound cholesterol ester. High-resolution NMR spectroscopy could therefore be used to assess the metastatic potential of primary tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mountford, C E -- Wright, L C -- Holmes, K T -- Mackinnon, W B -- Gregory, P -- Fox, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1415-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/analysis ; Cholesterol Esters/analysis ; *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Membrane Lipids/analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*etiology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*analysis/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Triglycerides/analysis
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  • 93
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    Insulin: carrier potential for enzyme and drug therapy (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-03-23
    Description: Several carrier systems and targeting agents have been considered as means of delivering enzymes and drugs to specific tissues or cells. In this report insulin is shown to be effective in delivering enzyme-albumin conjugates to cells and tissues rich in insulin receptors. The complex is transported into cells by a process that resembles receptor-mediated endocytosis and can be identified in a lysosomal fraction. The enzyme-albumin-insulin complex retains its enzymatic activity and its ability to bind antibodies to insulin. It also has a hypoglycemic effect; however, plasma glucose concentrations can be maintained by glucose administration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poznansky, M J -- Singh, R -- Singh, B -- Fantus, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 23;223(4642):1304-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6367042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albumins ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Chloroquine/pharmacology ; Female ; Glucosidases/*administration & dosage ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Muscles ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Spleen ; Temperature ; alpha-Glucosidases/*administration & dosage/metabolism
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  • 94
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    Single-channel fluctuations in bimolecular lipid membranes induced by rat olfactory epithelial homogenates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: Chemosensitive single-channel fluctuations were observed to be induced in essentially solvent-free lipid bimolecular membranes by the addition of sonicated homogenates of rat olfactory epithelium. The chemosensitive channels were not observed when respiratory epithelium homogenates were used instead. Ionic selectivity is consistent with potassium ions as the charge carrier. These channels may be associated with the initial events of chemoreception in the rat olfactory epithelium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vodyanoy, V -- Murphy, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):717-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; Chemoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Epithelium/physiology ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Male ; Membranes/drug effects ; Olfactory Mucosa/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Smell/physiology
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  • 95
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    Dopamine modulation of the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-08
    Description: Studies were conducted to assess whether basal ganglia output neurons originating in the substantia nigra pars reticulata might be affected by dopamine released from dendrites of neighboring substantia nigra pars compacta neurons. Dopamine applied by iontophoresis increased the baseline firing rates of approximately half of the substantia nigra pars reticulata cells tested. The more significant finding, unrelated to the increase in firing, was the ability of dopamine to attenuate the inhibitory responses of these cells to iontophoretically applied gamma-aminobutyric acid. These findings suggest a role for dopamine as a neuromodulator and further suggest that it can act at sites beyond the striatum to modify transmission from the basal ganglia to motor nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waszcak, B L -- Walters, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 8;220(4593):218-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Dopamine/*pharmacology ; Iontophoresis ; Male ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Substantia Nigra/*drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*pharmacology
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  • 96
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    Effects of tyrosine administration on serum biopterin in normal controls and patients with Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: After administration of tyrosine, total concentration of biopterin, the cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, was increased in the striatum, adrenal glands, and serum of rats, and in the serum of humans. Serum biopterin is lower in patients with Parkinson's disease than in normal controls. After oral administration of tyrosine, the increase in serum biopterin concentration was smaller in patients with Parkinson's disease (less than twofold) than in healthy controls (three-to sevenfold). These results suggest that tyrosine may have a regulatory role in biopterin biosynthesis and that patients with Parkinson's disease may have some abnormality in the regulation of biopterin biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamaguchi, T -- Nagatsu, T -- Sugimoto, T -- Matsuura, S -- Kondo, T -- Iizuka, R -- Narabayashi, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Alanine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Biopterin/*blood ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/*blood ; Pteridines/*blood ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 97
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    Estradiol is concentrated in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons of the hypothalamus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-02
    Description: Localization of [3H]estradiol in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons of rat brain was shown by a combined technique of autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. [3H]Estradiol was concentrated in the nuclei of tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the nucleus arcuatus, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, and the zona incerta. These results suggest that estradiol acts directly on dopamine-producing neurons of the tuberoinfundibular system and incertohypothalamic system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sar, M -- NS 00914/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 17479/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 2;223(4639):938-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6141639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/analysis/enzymology ; Cell Nucleus/analysis ; Estradiol/*analysis ; Female ; Hypothalamus/*analysis/enzymology ; Neurons/*analysis/enzymology ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/analysis/enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Endogenous opiates and stress-induced eating (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antelman, S M -- Rowland, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1149-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Reduction in oocyte number following prenatal exposure to a diet high in galactose (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: When pregnant rats were fed a 50 percent galactose diet there was a striking reduction in oocyte number in the offspring. The most prominent effects were noted after exposure to galactose during the premeiotic stages of oogenesis. Prenatal exposure to galactose or its metabolites may contribute to the premature ovarian failure characteristic of human galactosemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y T -- Mattison, D R -- Feigenbaum, L -- Fukui, H -- Schulman, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*physiology ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects/physiology ; Galactose/*pharmacology ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Oocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Ovum/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Detection of circulating metallothionein in rats injected with zinc or cadmium (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Circulating metallothionein was measured by radioimmunoassay over a 13-day period in male Sprague-Dawley rats that received a sequence of three intraperitoneal injections (at 3-day intervals) of either 5 milligrams of zinc or 0.8 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of body weight. These amounts of zinc and cadmium produced metallothionein concentrations in the range of 2 to 5 nanograms per milliliter of serum (zinc) and 2 to 15 nanograms per milliliter of serum (cadmium). In control rats given saline injections over the same period the metallothionein concentration ranged from 1 to 3 nanograms per milliliter of serum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garvey, J S -- Chang, C C -- ES 01629/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):805-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cadmium/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Metalloproteins/*blood ; Metallothionein/*blood/immunology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Zinc/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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