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  • Articles  (49)
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  • Springer  (49)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stepwise photoionization of complex organic molecules in the gas phase induced by UV laser radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We measured the photoionization cross-sections of anthracene, 1,2-benzanthracene,p-terphenyl, and 2,5-diphenylfuran molecules excited to the singlet and triplet electronic states intermediate in the stepwise two-photon ionization process at 266 nm (all compounds) and at 355, 391 and 417 nm (anthracene).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697297
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The characteristics of multiple-photon absorption of SF6 molecules cooled in free jet expansion from a pulsed supersonic nozzle (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The multiple-photon absorption of pulsed TEA CO2 laser radiation by SF6 molecules cooled toT R≃40K andT v≃160K in the free jet expansion from a pulsed supersonic nozzle has been investigated at energy fluences of 0.1 to 3.0 J·cm−2. For practically all laser lines which coincide with the linear absorption spectrum of thev 3 vibrational mode of SF6 [P(12)...P(28), 10,6 m], the dependence of the absorbed energyE ab on the exciting energy fluence was found to be steeper than linearE ab∼Φn, wheren=(1.1 to 1.8). Considerable increases of the absorption cross sections with increasing energy fluence were observed. The fraction of the molecules interacting with the laser radiation is estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686368
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser frequency dependent kinetics of cw laser induced reactions (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 79-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 82.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract CF2ClCF2Cl and ethyl acetate have absorption bands of similar width centered at the same frequency. Kinetics of the decompositions of these compounds by a cw CO2 laser have been studied over a range of laser frequencies extending to 25 cm−1 below band center. At constant translational temperature and pressure, the CF2ClCF2Cl rate constant changes by more than 200 with frequency, while the corresponding change for ethyl acetate is at most 3. The effect of laser frequency increases with increasing CF2ClCF2Cl pressure, while the reverse is true in ethyl acetate. Arrhenius plots show activation energies independent of both frequency and pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688480
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser photoion projector (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.60 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A laser photodesorption microscope has been applied to obtain 4×103-fold images of rhodamine crystals on a tip with a diameter of 66μm. Peculiarities of the formation of these images have been studied with different values of electric field strength on the tip and laser pulse intensities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690026
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared emissions in the CO2-laser-induced photolysis of trifluoromethane-d and mixtures of trifluoromethane-d and -h (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time-resolved infrared emission spectra in the wavelength region of 2–5 μm were measured for the CO2-laser-induced photolysis of trifluoromethane-d (CDF3) and its mixtures with trifluoromethane-h (CHF3). The reactant pressures were 0.1–20 Torr at room temperature; some collisions were expected to occur within the laser-pulse duration. The emissions due to vibrationally excited CDF 3 * (C-D stretching mode and probably combination mode) and DF* were observed at the same time for the irradiation of pure CDF3. DF* should be produced in the unimolecular decomposition of CDF 3 * . The dependences of the DF* emission on the experimental condition are explicable on the assumption that the collisional energy transfer followed by the decomposition of CDF3 plays an important role in the present IRMPD, besides its direct multiple-photon decomposition. The mixture of CDF3 and CHF3 showed the emissions due to HF* and CHF 3 * in addition to DF* and CDF 3 * . The ratio between the DF* and HF* emission intensities,I DF/I HF, was examined as a function of pressure. The pressure dependences were similar to those of the selectivity determined previously from the concentration changes of CDF3 and CHF3. The irradiation of mixtures with a long furation pulse (80 ns fwhm with a 2μs) resulted in a marked decrease inI DF/I HF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688549
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vibrational relaxation time constant for theB v=0 level of XeCl (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The vibrational relaxation time constant for theB v=0 vibrational level of XeCl* has been investigated by observing the coupling between theB v=1 andB v=0 vibrational levels under saturated lasing conditions. Based on this observation, estimates of the expected extraction efficiency from theB-state have been made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688287
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared multiphoton dissociation of unsubstituted metal carbonyls at 5 μm (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A frequency-doubled carbon dioxide laser of modest output energy (1 mJ) has been used to study, for the first time, the infrared multiphoton absorption by, and dissociation of, the unsubstituted carbonyls of vanadium, chromium, iron, nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten. The multiphoton absorption cross-sections measured for Ni(CO)4, Fe(CO)5, Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6, and V(CO)6 are high (σ∼2×10−17) and ensure facile multiphoton dissociation. In focussed beams a pressure independent reaction yield proportional to the 1.5 power of the beam energy is observed for Fe(CO)5, Cr(CO)6, and Mo(CO)6 implying threshold fluences of only 32, 25, and 26 mJ cm−2, respectively. The stoichiometry of the reaction, observed by a pressure measurement technique, is consistent with production of metal atoms and carbon monoxide as final products for Ni(CO)4, Fe(CO)5, Cr(CO)6, and Mo(CO)6. This extensive decarbonylation along the ground state surface is consistent with recent studies of the photochemistry of these molecules from excited electronic states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690024
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser irradiation at low temperatures (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser induced multiphoton dissociation of CTF3 is investigated. For the optimization of the performance of this working substance, trifluoromethane, the conditions to yield high-selectivity at high-operating pressure and low-critical fluence for complete dissociation are studied using our deconvolution procedure. The irradiation conditions are varied over the following ranges; wavenumber: 1052–1087 cm−1, gas temperature: 25°C to −78°C, CHF3 pressure: 5–205 Torr. The selectivities exceeding 104 are observed for 85–205 Torr CHF3 at −78°C by the irradiation at 1057 cm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688351
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical reactions following the IRMPD of C2F3Cl (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract C2F3Cl is photolyzed with a TEA-CO2 laser at 1050.44 cm−1 with focussed fluences up to 280 J/cm2. The stable products in the IRMPD of C2F3Cl are determined for up to 10 Torr of C2F3Cl being photolyzed both neat and with added O2. C2F4 and trans-C2F2Cl2 are found to occur in the greatest yield though C3F5Cl, C3F4Cl2, C4F7Cl, and C2F3Cl3 also appear to be primary products. When O2 is present F2CO, FClCO, and CF2ClCOF are the exclusive products. The formation of these products are for the most part consistent with a carbene formation dissociation mechanism for C2F3Cl IRMPD. C2F3Cl3 may best be explained by another mechanism competitive with carbene formation. Many products attributed to secondary photolysis mechanisms are observed for long photolysis times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697955
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser chemical physics II: Infrared multiple photon dissociation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 180-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697844
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser chemical physics III (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697848
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Luminescent coolants for solid-state lasers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 78.60 ; 61.8 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Solutions of 13 fluorescent dyes have been used as energy transfer agents in place of the normal coolant of a Nd-YAG laser. Dye mixtures were used in a few cases where incomplete absorption of flashlamp pump energy was observed. Improvements of over 100% in laser output were observed for some dyes having a long Stokes shift when tested at both a low-input energy and a low-pulse rate. However, the absolute improvement in laser output for these dye solutions was small, and the improvement could be obtained almost as well by merely increasing the pulse rate. Various factors associated with the effectiveness of transfer-dye solutions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688406
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focusing effect of a laser beam on the power dependence of multiphoton processes (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of focusing a laser beam on the intensity (I) dependence of multiphoton processes was examined. A general method is given to deduce a genuine intensity dependence from the focused-beam experiment. In addition, some typical examples were examined in detail. For the dependence of the type ofI n, an apparent relation ofI 3/2 appears only when there is a change of dependence asI n→Im, withn〉3/2 andm〈3/2. A genuine intensity dependence can be obtained directly from the focused beam experiment ifn does not change throughout the irradiated volume, or if the conditionn〉3/2〉m does not hold. The case of gradually decreasingn, as is common for the infrared multiphoton reaction probability (P), was also analyzed taking the Arrhenius-type dependence,P ∝ exp(−Θ/I), as an example. A simple method is proposed to obtain a genuine relation betweenP andI for this type of intensity dependence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01284911
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser chemical physics I: State selective excitation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 112-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697836
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostics of pulsed molecular beams and free jets with pyroelectric detectors and TEA CO2 lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 34 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A pyroelectric detector with a time resolution of 3–5 μs and a TEA CO2 laser have been used in diagnostics of a pulsed molecular beam (a free jet). The kinetic energy distribution of molecules was determined by using time-of-flight measurements both with a laser and without it. A combination of the laser with the pyroelectric detector makes it possible to determine the kinetic energy distribution of molecules in a selected internal state and to measure the energy absorted by the molecules of the beam from a laser pulse. The results obtained for pure SF6 and the SF6 seeded in He have been presented and analyzed. The advantages and the disadvantages of the method are being discussed in comparison with other available methods of diagnostics of molecular beams and free jets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689187
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-stage enrichment in the laser separation of carbon isotopes (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract There is a general agreement that efficient infrafed laser induced separation of carbon isotopes requires a two-stage process. An efficient first stage 1%→50%13C enrichment was shown by Gauthier et al. [1] to be feasible and competitive with conventional technology. In this work, second-stage CO2 laser enrichment of equimolar mixtures of12CHClF2 and13CHClF2 has been demonstrated yielding tetrafluoroethylene containing 95% or 99%13C. Forward enrichment by selective decomposition of the13CHClF2 fraction was very efficient, absorbing only 6 and 16 eV, respectively, per carbon atom produced at 95% and 99%13C content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697709
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Laser snow” effect in CS2 vapour induced by krypton laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on the “laser snow” effect observed in CS2 vapour illuminated by uv lines of a krypton laser. We discuss the effect of diffusion and convection processes on the threshold value of the CS2 vapour pressure. We discuss also the kinetics of the formation process related to the proposed model of chemical reactions induced by laser light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702688
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermochemical instability of transparent media induced by an absorbing inclusion (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The initial stage of thermochemical instability induced by an absorbing inclusion within a transparent matrix, which irradiated by a laser beam, is studied. The instability results in a low threshold (formally non-threshold) optical breakdown of the matrix. It is brought about by the additional absorption of the laser light by the products of the chemical reactions in the matrix. The instability is characterized by a certain induction time when the rate of the chemical reactions is almost steady. When the induction is over, their rate rapidly increases. Theoretical estimate of the induction time are offered. The experimental study of the induction time dependence on the laser-beam intensity confirmed the theoretical estimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702603
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser isotope separation of tritium from deuterium: CO2-laser-induced multiphoton dissociation of C2TF5 in C2DF5 (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 33-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Isotope separation of tritium from deuterium in heavy water was attempted by CO2-laser-induced, highly-selective multiphoton dissociation of C2TF5 present in C2DF5. Single-step T/D separation factors exceeding 3000, 1000, and 500 were attained, respectively, for the first time with CO2 laser 10P(34) 931.0 cm−1 at 10, 20, and 30 Torr pentafluoroethane pressures at −78 °C (i.e., equivalent to 15, 30, and 45 Torr at room temperature).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688772
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2-laser isotope separation of tritium with pentafluoroethane-T (C2TF5) (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Isotope separation of tritium by CO2 laser-induced multiphoton dissociation (MPD) of C2TF5 is reported for the first time. The MPD spectrum obtained for C2TF5 comprised a broad peak at about 940 cm−1 where C2HF5 was nearly transparent. The unimolecular dissociation of C2TF5 was induced with much lower laser fluence than that for CTF3, another working molecule we proposed for laser isotope separation of tritium. The mechanisms and kinetics of the dissociation of C2TF5 and C2HF5 were investigated under various experimental conditions: laser frequency, pulse energy, pulse duration, tritium concentration, sample pressure, buffer gas pressure and irradiation geometry. Single-step separation factors exceeding 500 were achieved with the most efficientP(20) line in 00o–10o0 transition at 944.2 cm−1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686364
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rotational relaxation on the yield of the multiphoton dissociation of CF3Cl and CF3Br under TEA-CO2 laser pulses (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.80 K ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The yield of the multiphoton dissociation of CF3Cl and CF3Br induced by TEA-CO2 laser pulses has been studied in the pressure range between 0.25 and 8 Torr, the laser wavelength being chosen so as to excite preferentially the minor isotopic components13CF3Cl and13CF3Br. For both compounds the dissociation probability is found either to increase almost linearly or to decrease monotonously with gas pressure, according as the laser beam is focused or unfocused, respectively. This behaviour is explained by rotational relaxation effects, and a value of 22ns·Torr for the rotational self-relaxation time of CF3Cl is obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692774
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser dye stability part 8 (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 78.60 ; 61.80 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A 3-parameter dye laser degradation equation is introduced that has been based upon a theoretical analysis of a laser oscillator. The new equation and the 4-parameter empirical laser degradation equation used previously in this series are further developed to allow calculation of the lifetime of a dye solution for any fraction of laser output degradation. These lifetime equations are shown to be dependent upon the input energy per pulse and the threshold of lasing. The new 3-parameter equation allows the degradation constants to be determined with less change in laser output than did the original 4-parameter empirical expression.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692777
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong dependence of ir multiphoton absorption and dissociation yield of SF6 molecule on intensity (duration) of exciting laser pulse (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The role of played by the intensity of the exciting TEA CO2 laser pulses in the processes of ir multiphoton absorption (MPA) of SF6 molecules cooled toT R≃40 K andT v≃160 K in a pulsed supersonic jet and the dissociation of SF6 in a bulk atT≃300 K under essentially collisionless conditions have been investigated. A strong dependence of MPA and the dissociation yield on pulse intensity were observed. The frequency dependences of the intensity effects were studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688408
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiphoton absorption of broad-band CO2 laser radiation by SF6 (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 1-5 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33 ; 35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Increase of the emission bandwidth of a high-pressure CO2 laser up to 1.5 cm−1 increases the multiphoton absorption cross-section of SF6. Comparison with the previously found [9] increased absorption for shorter pulses suggests that this is also a bandwidth effect. Spectral structures as narrow as 1 cm−1 above the 10th absorption step are invoked to explain the observations. The temperature effect, which disappears in the broad-band case, confirms this view.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697513
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picosecond streak camera performance in studies of exciples formation dynamics (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 153-156 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.62 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A crow-bar technique employing a light-activated silicon switch is described to overcome stray electron effects in streak cameras. The technique is applied in picosecond fluorescence studies of intramolecular charge tranfer processes in a compound of the type A-(CH2)3-D (A: anthracene, D: dimethylaniline) where the locally excited state and the exciplex state are shown to be formed sequentially.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695471
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CARS spectra of thermally excited SF6 molecules (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 89-96 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract CARS spectra of thev 1 mode of thermally excited SF6 were calculated numerically. The influence of the vibrational quasicontinuum on the CARS spectra has been considered by introducing different types of the homogeneous broadening at different vibrational levels. The appearance of additional lines in the CARS spectrum due to mixing of high-lying vibrational levels by Fermi coupling was considered numerically in the frame of a simple model. A comparison of calculated and experimental spectra has been made.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702604
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization holography for measuring photoinduced optical anisotropy (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 93-95 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.40 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new experimental method for measuring the optical anisotropy induced at photochemical reactions is proposed. The method is based on polarization holography and is a zero-background high sensitive technique. It is used to measure the molecular dichroism of fluorescein and the birefrigence induced at the additional photopolymerization of PMMA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688550
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    Laser dye stability (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 78.60 ; 61.8 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The experimental parameters for solution temperature, solvent purity, and ultraviolet (uv) light removal have been examined as they affect the first-order bleaching constant, lasing slope efficiency, lasing threshold, and laser half-life of three dyes using air as the cover gas. A±10°C change from the ambient temperature was found to reduce the lasing output of solutions of the dyes rhodamine 6G, LD-490, and coumarin 102. Improving the purity of the solvent made no dramatic effects but did tend to yield somewhat lower bleaching rates and longer lasing lifetimes. The first-order bleaching constant for the dye LD-490 in several solvents was found to decrease in the order methanol 〉95% ethanol〉ethanol. Although LD-490 in ethanol had twice the laser lifetime of that in methanol, the use of uv light filtration reversed this order. However, LD-490 still bleached faster in methanol than it did in ethanol. Interestingly using the uv filter, germicil quartz, did not decrease the lasing slope efficiency, but it made a slight increase in both the lasing slope efficiency and the lasing threshold. The use of the more strongly absorbing pyrex filter did, however, decrease the lasing slope efficiency as well as increase the threshold.
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  • 29
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    Pressure effects in the kinetics of cw laser induced reactions (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 19-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 34 ; 82.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rate constantsk and translational temperaturesT have been determined for the decompositions of ethyl acetate and perfluorocyclobutane at various pressures induced by a continuous (cw) CO2 laser. Arrhenius plots give activation energies in good agreement with those reported for thermal rate constantsk 1. The ratiosk/k 1 become progressively larger than unity with decreasing reactant pressure, indicative of laser induced non-thermalization, but the values ofk/k t appear to reach limiting values at low pressures, similar to effects reported elsewhere for CH3CF2Cl. Analysis of the data suggests important general features of vibrational-translational energy transfer in polyatomic compounds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692653
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  • 30
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    Laser dye stability (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 227-231 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.60 ; 61.8 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lasing characteristics and bleaching of four Eastman Kodak ir dyes have been examined in dimethyl sulfoxide. These ir dyes are shown to improve in performance in the absence of oxygen. Their photochemical stability was found to be comparable to the quinolone laser dyes when exposed to flashlamp excitation. Photodecomposition of the ir dyes under lasing conditions was found to vary between 1.6 and 6×10−10 moles of dye for each joule (electrical) of input energy; in comparison, the photodecomposition values for the better coumarin dyes was 0.2 to 1.0×10−10 moles/J at a concentration of 1.0×10−4 M in ethanol. It was also found that increasing the concentration of these tricarbocyanine dyes gives a marked improvement in the useful lifetime of these solutions as lasing media in the absence of oxygen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886011
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  • 31
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    Sub-doppler optothermal spectroscopy (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 407-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report about possibilities of application of the optothermal detector (OT) for sub-Doppler spectroscopy experiments. Investigating transitions of SF6 in the 10 μm region we demonstrate two variants of obtaining high-frequency resolution-using a standing or a travelling wave.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903224
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  • 32
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    Time of flight spectroscopy of particles in electronically excited state, produced via infrared laser excitation (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 77-81 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method for determination of the translational energy of the fragments in long living electronic states obtained under ir multiple-photon dissociation of the molecules is proposed. The measurement of the translational distribution function and of the average translational energy of the particles appeared under MPD of OsO4 has been carried out by this method. It has been shown that the proposed technique may be usefull for identification of visible radiation as belonging to the fragment or to the parent molecule itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00897936
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  • 33
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    Narrow resonances (Δv=2·10−2 cm−1) of multiple-photon IR absorption in ethylene (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 429-432 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Narrow peaks of multiple-photon absorption in thev 7 band of ethylene with the spectral width 0.02 cm−1 and the contrast factor of up to 102 have been observed at the intensity of laser radiation 0.04 and 0.6 MW/cm2. The multiple-photon spectra of ethylene in intense IR field have been studied with the use of a quasi-single-mode continuously tunable CO2 laser. The results of the experiments are interpreted within the model of spepwise molecular excitation due to weak transitions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901069
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  • 34
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    Laser multiphoton and multistep photoionization of molecules and mass spectrometry (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 89-106 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.65 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A review of laser-induced photoionization of polyatomic molecules and the application of this process in mass-spectrometry is presented. Combination of laser selective photoionization and mass spectral analysis of fragments as a promising tool for the detection of trace amounts of complex molecules is considered particularly.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902263
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  • 35
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    Investigation of viscosity dependent fluorescence lifetime using a synchronously operated picosecond streak camera (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 13-17 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33.50 ; 06.60 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Exciting with picosecond pulses from a mode locked cw dye laser and using the Synchroscan continuously operating streak camera, the variation in the fluorescence lifetime with viscosity over the range 0.5 cp–250 cp of some mode locking and potential mode locking polymethine dyes of the cyanine family were investigated. The measured lifetimes were found to follow a ∼2/3 or 1/3 power dependence of the viscosity η.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886477
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  • 36
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    Selective action on nucleic acids components by picosecond light pulses (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 87 ; 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on first attempts for selective action on nucleic acid components, namely uracil and adenine, using picosecond light pulses. Selective action was achieved both in the case of irradiation of mixtures of bases and in the case of irradiation of mixtures of different nucleic acids components, which contain uracil and adenine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00895931
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  • 37
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    Mechanism of isotope scrambling for CO2 laser photolysis of trifluoremethane-h and-d mixtures (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 1-6 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of isotope scrambling was studied for infrared multiphoton dissociation of trifluoromethane-h (CHF3) and-d (CDF3) mixtures by a CO2 TEA laser. The CO2 laser was tuned to the R(14) line of the 001–100 transition, where CDF3 absorbs the light selectively. Although the highly selective decomposition of CDF3 occurred at low partial pressures of CDF3, significant decomposition of CHF3 was also observed with increasing pressure of CDF3. The selectivity (s) was found to depend only on the pressure of CDF3, a resonant molecule, but not on that of CHF3, an off-resonant molecule. The mechanism involving the formation of two kinds of vibrationally excited molecules, unimolecular decomposition (rate constantk 2 ),V-V energy transfer (k 3b), and collisional deactivation leads to the simple relationship,s=1+(k 2 /k 3b)/[CDF3], which can explain qualitatively the observed results. The ratiok 2 /k 3b has values of 20–200 Torr, probably depending on experimental conditions.
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  • 38
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    Solvent dependent characteristics of XeCl pumped UV dye lasers (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 17-22 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of near uv dye lasers pumped with short duration, 308 nm pulses from a XeCl laser are described with particular emphasis on the parameters influencing high average power operation. The solvent is shown to effect the operation of all dye lasers studied, particularly the photochemical stability. Measurements of the efficiency, as a function of the integrated pump energy have been made for a series of dye-solvent combinations. With the best combinations, average output powers in excess of 1W and conversion efficiencies greater than 25% were obtained at a repetition rate of ∼100 Hz.
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  • 39
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    UV-holographic gratings in TS-diacetylene single crystals (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.40 ; 82.50 ; 82.35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Holographic gratings with grating periods between 0.37 μm and 4.4 μm, respectively, were recorded on the surface of TS-diacetylene single crystals by two interfering 257 nm laser beams. Diffraction efficiencies of up to 35 % were obtained for readout with red light of λ = 633 nm. The main modulation mechanism was phase modulation. The spatial resolution was better than 1600 lines/mm. The upper limit of the polymer chain length was 0.6 μm. The holographic sensitivity was 4.5 cm2/J for immediate read-out at 633 nm without processing after exposure. — A weakly exposed latent hologram may be developed simply by gentle annealing the crystal which increases the sensitivity by one order of magnitude.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00626127
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  • 40
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    Laser study of the photophysical properties of UF6 (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 1-7 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review the most relevant theoretical and experimental results reported in recent years, on the photophysical properties of the uranium hexafluoride molecule in the gas phase. Details of the structure of the molecular orbitals of UF6 are discussed with reference to theoretical calculations of the electronic states. Tentative assignments of the electronic transitions in the experimental visible-uv absorption spectrum are also considered. The fluorescence properties of the excited states of UF6 are critically reviewed. The use of laser beams to excite the fluorescence emission of UF6 is shown to be a fruitful experimental technique. The measurement of fluorescence parameters (i.e. the emission and excitation spectra, the decay time and quantum yield) is a particularly valuable and sensitive way of studying the dynamics and structure of the excited electronic states. The different mechanisms of fluorescence quenching that have been proposed are also critically reviewed.
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  • 41
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    Spectral, fluorescent, photochemical and laser properties of some organic compound vapors (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 83-87 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Absorption and fluorescence spectra of rarefied vapors ofp-terphenyl, 1,4-bis-[2(5-phenyloxazolyl)]-benzene, 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazole, 2,5-diphenylfuran are measured. Extinction coefficients, quantum yields of fluorescence and one-photon decomposition of molecules are determined for vapors excited by pulsed laser radiation at 266 and 355 nm in the temperature range from 200 to 400°C. It is shown that for all cases studied the one-photon decomposition is only a small part of the total quantum yield of the radiationless deactivation of the fluorescent state. Laser action has, for the first time, been obtained in 2,5-diphenylfuran vapor at 356 nm.
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  • 42
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    Effect of laser dye deterioration on performance (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 171-174 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A previous analysis that described loss of gain in a dye solution as a result of photochemical decomposition by pump photons is refined and is extended to the situation where impurities absorb at the pump wavelength. A limitation in the first paper is that it described only a single absorption depth in the medium at a constant pump fluxI p. The present examination includes the fall-off ofI p and integrates the total signal output with depth for a single-pass amplifier operated in the fully saturated gain condition. The equations are simpler, but as before loss of output, expressed in terms of a quantum yield of laser decayQ L, is minimized for a photochemically bleachable dye, and for one with high gain. Pumping in the vicinity of the absorption maximum is also advantageous.
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  • 43
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    Multiple-photon ir excitation of electronic states of OsO4 molecule (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 391-401 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Basic experimental characteristics of collisionless luminescence of OsO4 molecule excited by pulsed ir laser radiation are presented. The theoretical model of the process is developed and a comparison with experiment is carried out both for one-frequency and two-frequency ir excitation. From such comparison information is obtained on the fraction of molecules excited by laser radiation as well as on the spectroscopic characteristics of highly excited states.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903222
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  • 44
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    Direct measurement of multiphoton molecular absorption of IR laser radiation by pyroelectric detector (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 409-413 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of a pyroelectric detector (PED) to multiphoton absorption measurements (MPA) under ir laser excitation of molecules was examined. The possibility of MPA measurement of SF6 molecules in the pressure range of 10−3÷10−1 Torr with a time resolution of ∼ 7 μs has been shown. It has been demonstrated that the degree of vibrational relaxation of highly vibrationally excited molecules at PED surface does not depend on excitation level under the studied conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901066
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  • 45
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    Enrichment of carbon-14 by selective laser photolysis of formaldehyde (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 25-32 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using a frequency-doubled dye laser, simultaneous high-resolution spectra of14CH2O and12CH2O between 290 and 345 nm were measured. About 30 lines with spectral selectivities for14C≳50 were found. Photolyses on one such line at 326.94 nm of a dilute mixture of14CH2O in natural CH2O gave one-step enrichment factors of up to 150, with μg yields of enriched product. Since a factor of 150 in14C concentration corresponds to ∼7.2 half lives or 41,000 years, laser enrichment of archaeological samples, especially when combined with direct detection methods of14C abundance measurement, can greatly improve the range of radiocarbon dating.
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  • 46
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    Direct measurement of lifetimes of infrared multiple-photon dissociated molecules (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 9-11 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A beam of mass selected SF 5 + ions is crossed with a pulsed CO2 laser beam. The distribution of lifetimes of infrared multiple-photon pumped SF 5 + ion-molecules prior to dissociation into SF 4 + +F has been measured directly using a time-of-flight ion-beam technique. The data provide new information on the distribution of the total internal energy of molecules excited by absorption of infrared radiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886476
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  • 47
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    Photophysical parameters for potential vapour-phase dye-laser media (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 307-311 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 M ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fundamental photophysical parameters of the organic scintillators, anthracene, 9, 10 dimethyl antracene (DMA), 9, 10 diphenyl anthracene (DPA), 2-(1-napthyl)-5-phenyloxazole (α-NPO) and 2, 2′-p-phenyl bis (5-phenyloxazole) (POPOP), were investigated in the liquid and vapour phases. Their ground state, triplet-triplet and fluorescence spectra were determined and accurate extinction coefficients obtained. Photodecomposition of POPOP vapour under 337 nm excitation was investigated in detail and a photodecomposition quantum yield of 1.1×10−2 obtained at 568 K. The POPOP triplet state in the vapour phase is quenched by the addition of 1, 3, 5, 7 cyclo-octatetraene and a quenching rate constant of 2.9×1010 M−1 s−1 was determined.
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  • 48
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    Surface-catalyzed photochemical reactions of physisorbed molecules (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 171-182 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.65 ; 82.50 ; 35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rate of laser photochemical reactions on surfaces can be enhanced over their gas-phase values by the interplay of a number of surface phenomena. These effects include simple increases in molecular density due to physisorption, spectral shifts in the adsorbed phase, and enhancement in the optical electric field due to surface contouring.
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  • 49
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    Cadmium deposition on transparent substrates by laser induced dissociation of Cd(CH3)2 at visible wavelengths (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 133-138 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 81.15-g ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The laser initiated formation of Cd-deposits from dimethylcadmium (DMCd) on quartz substrates has been investigated at various wavelengths between 337 and 676 nm. In this range substrate and DMCd are both transparent. The deposition mechanism is initiated by multiphoton dissociation of DMCd molecules adsorbed at the glass substrate and continues by pyrolysis of DMCd molecules at the laser-heated metallic deposit. Metal structures with a resolution below 1 μm have been obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616663
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