ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Coleoptera  (170)
  • phosphorus
  • Springer  (290)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1985-1989  (290)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host plant recognition in monophagous weevils: specificity in feeding responses of Ceutorhynchus constrictus and the variable effect of sinigrin (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ceutorhynchus constrictus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Ceutorhynchinae ; Alliaria petiolata ; garlic mustard ; Brassicaceae ; Cruciferae ; glucosinolates ; sinigrin ; host plant selection ; monophagous ; feeding stimulants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ceutorhynchus constrictus Marsh. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Ceutorhynchinae) ist ein monophager Rüsselkäfer, der an Knoblauchhederich frisst. Das Wirtswahl-Verhalten dieses Käfers ist im Labor untersucht worden. Die meisten Crucifiren waren im Wahlversuche nicht akzeptiert, wenn Knoblauchhederich als Vergleichspflanze vorhanden war. Von Brassica nigra, Sinapis alba, und Thlaspi arvense wurden im Vergleich gleiche Mengen verzehrt wie von der Wirtspflanze. Blühende Descurainia sophia Pflanzen wurden, im Gegensatz zu Jungpflanzen der gleichen Art, angenommen. Die wichtichsten Phagostimulanten in Extrakten von Knoblauchhederich-Blättern waren ungeladene, wasserlösliche Substanzen. Das häufigste Glukosinolat im Knoblauchhederich, Sinigrin, war auch ein Phagostimulant. Doch war die phagostimulierende Wirkung von Sinigrin nur in Kombinationen mit noch nicht identifizierten, ungeladenen Substanzen aus Knoblauchhederich-Blätter nachweisbar. Wirtspfanzen-Beziehungen von monophagen Insekten werden diskutiert im Zusammenhang mit der Eigenart des Glukosinolat-Inhaltes ihrer Wirtspflanzen.
    Notes: Abstract Host plant relations of the monophagous weevil Ceutorhynchus constrictus Marsh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) feeding on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (Cruciferae) were studied in the laboratory. Most other crucifers were rejected in choice tests using garlic mustard as a reference plant, but Brassica nigra, Sinapis alba and Thlaspi arvense were as acceptable as the host plant. Flowering plants of Descurainia sophia were acceptable while young plants of this species were not. The most important feeding stimulants in extracts of garlic mustard were uncharged, water soluble compounds. The most abundant glucosinolate in garlic mustard, sinigrin, was a feeding stimulant, too. However, the feeding stimulatory activity of sinigrin was only expressed in the presence of still unidentified uncharged compounds from garlic mustard leaves. Host plant relations in monophagous crucifer-feeding insects is discussed in relation to the distinctness of glucosinolate patterns found in their host plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187997
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of egg recognition by the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Callosobruchus ; cowpea weevil ; egg recognition ; oviposition deterrents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Plusieurs expériences ont été réalisées pour déterminer pour quelles raisons les femelles de Callosobruchus maculatus évitent de pondre sur les graines portant des oeufs. La répulsion a été associée à l'oeuf lui-même et non à une autre activité de l'adulte sur la graine. Des stimuli tant chimiques que physiques (tactiles) ont semblé impliqués dans la découverte des oeufs; la substance répulsive était plus soluble dans le méthanol que dans l'éther ou l'eau. Contrairement à des études antérieures sur C. chinensis, nous avons observé que les femelles n'étaient pas dissuadées de pondre sur des graines exposées préalablement à de fortes densités de mâles.
    Notes: Abstract Several experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism by which ovipositing cowpea weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), avoid egg-laden seeds. Deterrence was associated with the egg itself and not with other adult activities on the host. Both chemical and physical (tactile) stimuli appear to be involved in egg recognition; the chemical deterrent was more soluble in methanol than in ether or water. Contrary to a previous study using C. chinensis (L.), we found that females were not deterred from ovipositing on seeds that had been exposed to high densities of males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191655
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Egg guarding and its significance in the heterocerid beetle,Dampfius collaris (Kies.) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Heteroceridae ; egg guarding ; parental care ; predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053624
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetic costs of mating in a flightless female firefly,Photinus collustrans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 841-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: cost of mating ; semelparous ; Photinus collustrans ; Coleoptera ; Lampyridae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049405
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of flying maleAnobium punctatum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) to Female sex pheromone in a wind tunnel (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 1 (1988), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; Anobium punctatum ; sex pheromone ; flying beetles ; wind tunnel ; Stegobium paniceum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052507
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of induced chemical changes on interpretation of feeding preference tests (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: induced change ; induced resistance ; chemical change ; feeding ; herbivore ; feeding tests ; feeding preferences ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les choix alimentaires d'un groupe de chrysoméles spécialistes ou généralistes a été étudié en utilisant 3 méthodes: plantes entières, feuilles coupées, rondelles de feuilles. Les méthodes utilisées out eu un effet très significatif sur les préférences relatives des chrysomèles du maïs, du haricot et de la courge. Dans quelques cas le seuil de signification statistique pour un choix particulier a été modifié par la méthode utilisée et dans d'autres cas l'ordre de préférence a été totalement inversé. Les choix alimentaires des spécialistes ont été moins affectés par la méthode utilisée que pour les espèces les plus généralistes. Il y a eu aussi un effet plus important des différences entre les méthodes rondelle de feuilles et feuille entière qu'entre feuille entière et plante entière. Les changements chimiques induits dans les plantes par les dégâts sont probablement très répandus et les chercheurs devraient en tenir compte quand ils programment et interprètent des expériences sur les préférences alimentaires.
    Notes: Abstract Feeding preferences of a group of specialist and generalist chrysomelid beetles were examined using three test methods: whole plants, excised leaves and leaf discs. Method of testing had a very significant effect on relative preferences of the beetles for corn, bean and squash. In some cases the level of statistical significance for a particular preference was affected by test methodology and in other cases the direction of preference was reversed altogether. The feeding preferences of the specialist beetle species were less affected by test method than were the more generalist species. There was also a much greater effect of the difference in test method between the disc test and whole leaf test than between the whole leaf test and whole plant test. Chemical changes in plants induced by damage are probably quite widespread in plants and investigators should take this into account when designing and interpreting tests of insect feeding preference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338527
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the enantiomeric composition of (R*,S*)-1-ethylpropyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoate, the male-produced aggregation pheromone of Sitophilus granarius (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromone ; sitophilate ; 1-ethylpropyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoate ; stereoisomers ; enantiomers ; Sitophilus granarius ; granary weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé S. granarius L. est un déprédateur important des grains stockés. Le (R*,S*)-1-éthylpropyl 2-méthyl-3-hydroxypentanoate a été identifié en 1987 comme le principal composé du sitophilate, la phéromone mâle d'agrégation de S. granarius. La composition énantiométrique du sitophilate a été déterminée par 3 méthodes: 1) tests biologiques des énantiomères synthétiques (2S,3R) et (2R,3S) du diastéréomère actif (R*,S*); 2) spectrométrie RMN 1H des esters Mosher dérivés de la phéromone naturelle et des sitophilates de synthèse (2S*,3R*)-et (2R*,3S*); 3) comparaison en capillarité GLC des temps de rétention des dérivés naturels de la phéromone et des 2 éniantiomères de synthèse. La combinaison des 3 méthodes confirme que le (2S,3R) énantiomère est la forme active du sitophilate. Le mâle produit 〉96% de l'énantiomère (2S,3R). Il n'y a pas eu attraction de S. granarius par le (2R,3S) sitophilate. S. oryzae L. et S. zeamais Motsch n'ont pas été attirés par le (2S,3R)-sitophilate. L'utilisation du (2S,3R)-1-éthylpropyl 2-méthyl-3-hydroxypentanoate dans les pièges devrait permettre une détection précoce de la présence de S. granarius dans des stocks de grains.
    Notes: Abstract The enantiomeric composition of sitophilate, the granary weevil [Sitophilus granarius (L.)] male-produced aggregation pheromone [(R*,S*)-1-ethylpropyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoate)], was determined by three methods: (1) bioassaying the synthetic (2S,3R) and (2R,3S) enantiomers of the active (R*,S*) diastereomer; (2) 1H NMR spectroscopy of Mosher ester derivatives of the natural pheromone and synthetic (2S,3R)-and (2R,3S)-sitophilate; and (3) capillary GLC comparisons of the retention times of derivatized natural pheromone and the two synthetic enantiomers. The combined methods confirmed the (2S,3R) enantiomer as the active form of sitophilate. Male granary weevils were shown to produce 〉96% (2S,3R)-sitophilate. No significant attraction of S. granarius by the (2R,3S) enantiomer was observed. Rice and maize weevils [S. oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais Motschulsky] were not attracted by (2S,3R)-sitophilate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186732
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glandular trichomes of Solanum berthaultii and resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Colorado potato beetle ; Solanaceae ; Solanum berthaultii ; potato ; plant resistance ; glandular trichomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les mécanismes de défense de la pomme de terre sauvage, S. berthaultii Hawkes, aux larves de Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, ont été étudiés par ablation sélective des trichomes glandulaires et par l'élimination de leur exsudat des folioles, et par comparaison avec S. tuberosum L. qui a perdu les trichomes glandulaires défensifs A et B. L'ablation des trichomes A a augmenté la proportion de larves ayant consommé S. berthaultii. L'élimination de l'exsudat des trichomes B a augmenté la proportion de consommatrices et réduit la mortalité. Les principaux composés actifs de l'exsudat B, c'est-à-dire des esters d'acides gras de sucrose, n'étaient actifs qu'en présence de trichomes A. Les esters de sucrose n'ont pas modifié la consommation larvaire sur folioles de S. tuberosum, ou sur disques de feuilles de S. berthaultii dont les trichomes A avaient été enlevés. La croissance des larves survivantes n'a pas été modifiée significativement par l'ablation des trichomes A ou l'élimination de l'exsudat de B. La croissance des larves a été significativement augmentée quand les folioles de S. berthaultii ont été incorporés dans l'aliment artificiel après élimination de la barrière physique due aux pédoncules B. La croissance a été de même importance sur aliments artificiels contenant des feuilles (fraiches ou en poudre lyophylisée) de S. berthaultii ou de S. tuberosum, mais plus faible que sur folioles de S. tuberosum. La présence de trichomes A est indispensable à la résistance de S. berthaultii aux L, de L. decemlineata. Les gouttelettes de type B contenant des esters de sucrose augmentent l'expression de la résistance en présence d'une défense active par trichomes A.
    Notes: Abstract The defensive mechanisms of the wild potato, solanum berthaultii Hawkes, to larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), were studied by selective removal of glandular trichomes and trichome exudates from leaflets, and by comparing performance on S. berthaultii and on the cultivated potato, S. tuberosum L., which lacks defensively active type A and B glandular trichomes. Removal of type A trichomes increased the proportion of larvae that fed on S. berthaultii. Removal of the exudate from type B trichomes increased the proportion of larvae that fed and led to a decrease in mortality. The predominant active compounds in type B exudate, i.e. fatty acid esters of sucrose, were only effective in the presence of type A trichomes. Sucrose esters did not affect larval feeding on S. tuberosum leaflets or on S. berthaultii leaf discs from which the type A trichomes had been removed. Growth of surviving larvae was not significantly affected by removing type A trichomes or type B exudate. Growth of larvae was significantly increased when S. berthaultii leaflets were presented in artificial diet which eliminated the physical barrier of the type B stalks. Growth was no different on artificial diet containing either S. berthaultii or S. tuberosum leaf material (fresh or lyophilized powder) but was poorer on these diets than on S. tuberosum leaflets. The presence of type A trichomes is a fundamental requirement for expression of S. berthaultii resistance to L1 L. decemlineata. Type B droplets containing sucrose esters increase the expression of resistance in the presence of defensively-active type A trichomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186730
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive alkaloid in blood of Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 204-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; chemical defense ; feeding deterrent ; alkaloid ; homotropane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The blood of the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) contains a homotropane alkaloid, euphococcinine (1). The beetles ‘reflex bleed’ when disturbed, thereby deploying the alkaloid, which is provenly deterrent to spiders and ants. Newly emerged adults lack the alkaloid, but the compound builds up to deterrent levels in their blood within days. Eggs and larvae ofEpilachna are devoid of the compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952471
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of alfalfa weevil strains by allozyme analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hypera postica ; alfalfa weevil ; allozyme analysis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les allozymes d'Hypera de l'est des USA (Beltsville, Maryland; Washington Co., Illinois), de l'ouest des USA (Logan et St Georges, Utah) et ‘égyptiens’ (Yuma, Arizona; Westmorland, Californie) ont été analysés par électrophorèse sur gel d'acrylamide. L'étude a porté sur 22 loci de 12 enzymes (ACPH, ADH, AMY, AO, EST, GOT, G-6PDH, MDH, ME, SOD, TYR, XDH). L'hétérozygotie moyenne de la population était 0.231, avec une moyenne de loci polymorphes de 0.536. La distance génétique moyenne de l'ensemble des populations était de 0.033 et l'indice de fixation de 0.024. Des loci caractéristiques ont été trouvés qui pourraient permettre de distinguer les Hypera occidentaux des orientaux et des ‘égyptiens’. La faible distance génétique entre les Hypera orientaux et ‘égyptiens’ suggère qu'ils appartiennent à la même souche et sont certainement différents des occidentaux. A partir de cela et d'autres éléments, nous concluons que tous les Hypera des USA sont H. postica Gyllenhal et que l'utilisation d'H. brunneipennis Boheman pour désigner les Hypera ‘égyptiens’ d'Amérique du Nord doit être abandonnée.
    Notes: Abstract Allozyme profiles of eastern weevils (Beltsville, Maryland; Washington Co., Illinois), western weevils (Logan and St. George, Utah), and Egyptian weevils (Yuma, Arizona; Westmorland, California) were compiled by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-two gene loci from 12 enzymes (ACPH, ADH, AMY, AO, EST, GOT, G-6PDH, MDH, ME, SOD, TYR, XDH) were analyzed. Mean heterozygosity of these populations was 0.231, with an average proportion of polymorphic loci of 0.536. The mean genetic distance of all weevil populations was 0.033 and the fixation index was 0.024. Diagnostic loci were found which could distinguish western weevils from eastern and Egyptian weevils. The small genetic distance between the eastern and Egyptian weevils suggests that they may be the same strain and are certainly different from the western weevil strain. Based on this and other evidence, we conclude that all weevil strains in the United States are Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), and that the use of H. brunneipennis (Boheman) for the Egyptian alfalfa weevil of North America should be discontinued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188198
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of a vestigial wing mutation in the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: alfalfa weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Hypera postica ; mutation ; vestigial-wing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des H. postica aux ailes postérieures vestigiales ont été découverts dans une population de Wageningen (Pays Bas) et deux des USA—une lignée orientale de Beltsville (Maryland) et une lignée de H. brunneipennis d'Atascadero (Californie). Ce mutant était absent de 23 autres populations examinées aux USA: 3 de l'est, 7 de l'ouest et 13 de H. brunneipennis. Cette mutation est due à un gène dominant antosomal avec aile normale comme récessif. Le gêne mutant peut être transféré des lignées orientales aux lignées occidentales. Le caractère aile courte peut être pratique pour les manipulations génétiques destinées à maîtriser les populations d'H. postica.
    Notes: Abstract Alfalfa weevils (Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)) with vestigial hind wings were discovered in a population from Wageningen, the Netherlands, and two populations from the United States—an eastern weevil strain from Beltsville, Maryland and an Egyptian weevil strain from Atascadero, California. Such a mutant was absent from 23 other populations surveyed in the United States—three from eastern, seven from western, and 13 from Egyptian weevil strains. This mutation is due to a dominant autosomal gene with normal-wing individuals as recessive. The mutant gene can be transferred from eastern weevil to the western weevil strain. The short-wing trait may be useful for genetic manipulation to control the alfalfa weevil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191653
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emigration and spatial dispersion of the gypsy moth predator Calosoma sycophanta (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Calosoma sycophanta ; Carabidae ; Coleoptera ; emigration ; gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; spatial dispersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude par capture-recapture de Calosoma sycophanta L. (Carabidae) a été effectuée dans deux parcelles de 4 ha en utilisant des pièges distribués sur une grille de 10 sur 10. Pendant la première année d'échantillonnage, Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae) était abondant et les calosomes se sont reproduits, tandis que la seconde année les papillons étaient beaucoup moins nombreux. La distribution des larves de carabes a été examinée aussi pendant la première année sur l'une des stations, et celle des chenilles pendant les deux années avec des toiles d'emballage sur l'autre station. Les dispersions des adultes et larves de calosomes et des chenilles de Lymantria ont été calculées en utilisant la régression du logarithme naturel de la variance de l'échantillon sur le logarithme naturel de la moyenne (méthode de Taylor) et la régression de l'indice de Lloyd d'agrégation moyenne sur la moyenne (méthode d'Iwao). La méthode de Taylor a donné les résultats les plus logiques, et les pentes ont servi à mesurer le degré d'agrégation. Les recaptures de calosomes adultes ont été analysées par les méthodes de Fisher-Ford et Jolly-Seber, associées à la méthode de Jackson pour séparer survie et migration. De même, une nouvelle méthode pour déterminer directement la migration en découvrant combien d'insectes recapturés ont abandonné les microparcelles s'est révélée comme la plus cohérente avec le procédé Fisher-Ford-Jackson. La tendance à l'agrégation est plus forte chez les mâles (d'après la pente du logarithme de la moyenne par rapport au logarithm e de la variance de l'échantillon). La migration et le degré d'agrégation paraissent varier ensemble dans une station, tandis que dans l'autre une telle relation n'apparaît pas clairement. Les femelles malgré des taux de migration variés mais généralement faibles, n'ont jamais pr'esenté de tendance significative à l'agrégation. A l'opposé, les larves de calosomes et de Lymantria ont presenté des distributions agrégatives.
    Notes: Abstract Mark-release studies of Calosoma sycophanta L. (Carabidae) in two 40000 m2 areas were done using traps deployed in 10 by 10 grids. In both areas, gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae), were abundant the first but not the second year of sampling. The distribution of carabid larvae was also investigated in the first year at one of the sites and the distribution of gypsy moth larvae found under burlap bands determined for 2 years at the other site. Dispersions of beetles and prey were evaluated by Taylor's logarithmic meanvariance method and Iwao's mean-mean crowding method. Taylor's method gave the most consistent results, and the slopes of the regression lines were used to determine degree of clumping. To evaluate dispersal of adult beetles, recapture data were analysed using the Fisher-Ford and Jolly-Seber methods in conjunction with Jackson's method for separating survival and emigration. A new method for estimating emigration was found to be most consistent with the Fisher-Ford-Jackson procedure. The tendency of the beetles to aggregate (measured via Taylor's method) was generally highest for males. In one site, emigration and degree of aggregation for males appeared to vary together, while at the other site no relationship was evident. Females showed few tendencies to aggregate. Both beetle larvae and gypsy moth larvae had clumped distributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367628
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of sex in living adults of small carabid species (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 102-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; Bembidion ; Trechus ; Agonum ; sex determination ; adhesion ; male setae ; tarsomere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343631
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The daily onset of flight in the crepuscular dung beetle Onitis alexis (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Onitis alexis ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeinae ; dung beetle ; crepuscular flight ; superposition eyes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'examen a porté sur le rôle de l'intensité lumineuse et de la température sur l'incitation au vol chez Onitis alexis. Le vol en lumière naturelle est fortement synchronisé, avec les deux tiers des adultes qui s'envolent en 10–12 min. Sur six vols pour différents jours, le moment moyen d'envol variait de 13 min, mais l'envol moyen avait lieu à une intensité lumineuse déterminée. La valeur absolue de l'intensité lumineuse paraît ainsi un signal crucial dans la détermination et l'incitation au vol. Le moment d'envol se maintient à cette intensité quand le crépuscule est artificiellement avancé jusqu'à 8 min environ. Cependant, quand le crépuscule est rendu encore plus précoce, l'envol moyen se produit à des intensités plus basses et est étalé. Ceci peut être interprété comme un chevauchement de la période des intensités lumineuses favorables à l'envol avec le rythme circadien qui conduit les bousiers à la surface. Aucun adulte ne vole quand il y a maintien de lumière constante ou d'obscurité à l'heure du crépuscule. En présence de crépuscule constant, les réponses sont hétérogènes, et, bien que le moment médian d'envol ne soit retardé que de 3 min, par rapport aux témoins, l'incitation à l'envol est étalée sur une période plus longue. Avec des températures au sol de 20–22 °C, plus de 90% des adultes s'envolent. Le pourcentage diminue avec la température, et moins de 10% s'envolent à 16–17 °C.
    Notes: Abstract The role of light intensity and temperature in determining the onset of flight in the crepuscular dung beetle Onitis alexis Klug (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was examined. Flight under natural light was highly synchronized, with two-thirds of the beetles that flew flying over a period of 10–12 min. In six flights on different days, the mean time of onset varied by up to 13 min, but mean onset occurred at fixed light intensity. Absolute light intensity therefore appears to be a vital cue in determining flight onset. Mean onset remained at this intensity when dusk was advanced artificially by up to about 8 min. However, when dusk was brought further forward, mean flight occurred at lower intensities and onset of flight took place over a longer period. This is interpreted as an overlapping of the period of light intensities suitable for flight with the circadian rhythm that brings the beetles to the surface. No beetles flew when kept under constant bright light or in the dark during the dusk period. Under conditions of constant dusk, the beetles appeared uncoordinated and, although the median time of onset of flight was only 3 min later than in the control flight, onset of flight was spread out over a much longer period. At soil temperatures of 20–22 °C, over 90% of the beetles flew. This percentage decreased with decreasing temperature, and less than 10% flew at temperatures of 16–17 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217627
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for the temperature and density dependent reemergence of the bark beetle Ips typographus (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ips typographus ; spruce bark beetle ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; model ; reemergence ; density dependent ; temperature dependent ; degree-days ; poikilotherm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce modèle décrit la réémergence d'adultes d'I. typographus L. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) en fonction de la densité et de la température. Les résultats obtenus en laboratoire à des températures constantes fournissent la distribution des réémergences et pour les dates de réémergence moyenne les différentes combinaisons de température de seuil et de degré de jour (°D). De toutes ces combinaisons, 167.71 °D au-dessus de 7,5 °C fournit la meilleure concordance entre les prévisions du modèle et les observations dans la nature à partir d'arbres fortement attaqués. Le modèle a montré un bon accord avec la réémergence observée dans deux groupes de branches attaquées dans différentes conditions de la température quand il a été ajusté aux faibles densités d'élevage. La discussion examine les possibilités d'application du modèle à l'étude de la biologie de la reproduction d'I. typographus et à l'aménagement forestier. La méthode utilisée pour construire le modèle pourrait être employée pour en développer d'autres chez des poikilothermes.
    Notes: Abstract A model is presented that describes the reemergence of parent spruce bark beetles, Ips typographus, based on breeding density and temperature conditions. Laboratory data obtained at one constant temperature provide the distribution of reemergence time and different combinations of threshold temperatures and degreedays (°D) at mean reemergence. Of these combinations, 167.71 °D above 7.5 °C gave the best correspondence between model prediction and field data obtained from densely infested standing trees. The model was in good agreement with the reemergence pattern found for two groups of infested logs under different temperature conditions when adjusted for the lower breeding density. The applicability of the model in the study of bark beetle reproductive biology and in forest management is discussed. The method used to construct the model should be useful in developing other models for poikilothermic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187026
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Searching behaviour and cereal aphid consumption by Bembidion lampros and Pterostichus cupreus, in relation to temperature and prey density (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Bembidion lampros ; Pterostichus cupreus ; Carabidae ; Coleoptera ; behaviour ; temperature ; searching ; consumption ; cereal aphid ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; prey ; density ; barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les taux maximum de consommation de R. padi L. à différentes températures ont été déterminés au laboratoire chez deux carabes, B. lampros Herbstet P. cupreus L. La consommation moyenne a augmenté avec la température chez les deux espèces, B. lampros consommant un maximum de 15,9 larves des stades 1 à 3 et 9,1 pucerons adultes aptères, à 25°C. P. cupreus a été particulièrement vorace et a consommé 125,3 adultes aptères par jour à 20°C. Le comportement des deux espèces a été observé en filmant en vidéo des carabes à jeun, maintenus à différentes températures constantes, dans des enceintes semées en orge de printemps. Des éléments du comportement, communs aux deux espèces, ont été définis: 1) immabilité, 2) marche et course, 3) recherche, 4) affrontement. P. cupreus a été plus actif à toutes les températures, B. lamprosa été inactif au-dessous de 10°C. La part de temps consacrée à la recherche, le nombre de plantes prospectées, et la vitesse ont augmenté avec la température chez les deux espèces. Dans des enceintes similaires colonisées par R. padi, P. cupreus a significativement augmenté le temps consacré à la recherche dans les enceintes, parallèlement à l'augmentation de la densité des pucerons. Après la découverte d'une colonie de pucerons, P. cupreus escalade et prospecte la plante et ses voisines immédiates; tandis que les plantes des enceintes sans pucerons sont rarement escaladées. B. lampros n'a pas été observé escaladant des plantes d'enceintes avec ou sans pucerons, et il n'a pas accru son temps de prospection en fonction de la densité de pucerons. Les quelques B. lampros qui ont capturé des pucerons l'ont fait lorsque ceux-ci marchaient sur la surface du sol. La discussion a porté sur l'efficacité relative des deux carabes comme prédateurs de R. padi, et les résultats ont été comparés à ceux d'études du même type, menées ailleurs, avec des prédateurs de Sitobion avenae sur blé d'hiver.
    Notes: Abstract Maximum consumption rates were determined for two carabids, Bembidion lampros Herbst. and Pterostichus cupreus L., feeding on the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. at different temperatures in the laboratory. Mean daily consumption increased with increasing temperature for both species, B. lampros consuming a maximum of 16 1–3 instar nymphs and 9 apterous adult aphids at 25°C. P. cupreus was particularly voracious and consumed 125 apterous adult R. padi per day at 20°C. The behaviour of both species was analysed by video filming starved beetles, maintained at different constant temperatures, in arenas sown with spring barley. The behavioural components (1) still; (2) run/walk; (3) search and (4) confrontation were identified and were common to both species. P. cupreus was more active over the temperature range tested; B. lampros was inactive under 10°C. The proportion of time spent searching, number of plants searched, and velocity increased with increasing temperature for both species. When observed in similar arenas seeded with R. padi colonies, individuals of P. cupreus significantly increased their time spent searching in arenas with increasing aphid density. Following discovery of an aphid colony, individuals climbed and searched the host plant and its nearest neighbours. Plants in aphid free arenas were rarely climbed. B. lampros was not observed climbing in either aphid free arenas or in arenas with increasing aphid densities, and did not significantly increase its time spent searching in response to increased prey density. The few B. lampros that found aphids caught them walking on the soil surface. The relative efficiences of these two carabids as predators of R. padi are discussed, and the results are compared with similar studies elsewhere with predators of Sitobion avenae on winter wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367484
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mandible wear in the carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius in relation to diet and burrowing behaviour (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; Pterostichus ; mandible size ; wear pattern ; feeding behaviour ; burrowing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'analyse de l'influence de la texture des aliments et du fouissage, sur l'usure des mandibules a été effectuée en nourrissant P. melanarius avec des aliments de différentes duretés dans des récipients contenant ou non du sol. Les aliments durs seuls usent moins le bord incisif (extrémité de la mandibule) et la surface coupante, que leur association avec le fouissage. En présence exclusive d'aliments durs, les femelles avaient érodé plus vite leurs mandibules que les mâles, tandis que chez ceux-ci le fouissage seul les avaient usé plus vite que chez les femelles. Des femelles récoltées dans un champ de céréales contenaient plus d'aliments durs que les mâles. Les différences de comportement avaient provoqué apparemment des types d'usure différents suivant les sexes. Les adultes usent leurs mandibules au cours de leur première année de vie imaginale. Cependant, la taille des mandibules des femelles échantillonnées dans la nature correspondait mieux à celle des femelles (de même âge) provenant des expériences ayant provoqué une forte usure (aliment dur et fouissage du sol). Les mandibules des mâles échantillonnés présentaient seulement une usure modérée et ressemblaient à celles des mâles ayant consommé soit des aliments durs, soit foui le sol. La discussion a traité des relations entre l'usure des mandibules, la fécondité et la longévité de P. melanarius et d'autres espèces de carabes.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of food texture and burrowing on mandible wear in the predatory carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius Illiger were investigated by feeding adults soft or hard food in jars with or without soil. Both the incisor cusp (mandible tip) and cutting surface of the mandibles erode more in response to the combination of hard food and burrowing than to hard food alone. Females were found to erode their mandibles more than males in the hard-food-only treatment, whereas males wore down their mandibles more than females in the soil-only treatment. Female P. melanarius collected in a cereal field contained signficantly more solid food items compared with males. Differences in behaviour apparently resulted in differential wear patterns between the sexes. It is shown that the process of mandible wear in P. melanarius will result in worn mandibles in their first year as adults. However, mandible size of field-sampled females were found to be best correlated with females (of similar age) in the experiment exhibiting extensive wear (foraged hard food and burrowed in soil). The mandibles of field-sampled males were similar to those of males in the hard-food-only and the soil-only treatments, which showed only slight to moderate wear. The influence of mandible wear on fecundity and survival in P. melanarius as well as in other carabid species is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343384
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Joint effects of temperature, food quality, and season on the development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus under laboratory conditions (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; Morimus funereus ; development ; laboratory conditions ; food quality ; temperature ; season
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur les effets d'une température constante (23 °C), de la qualité de l'aliment,-B = aliment naturel, c'est-à-dire de l'écorce de chêne pulvérisée; B+C = aliment naturel enrichi avec de la poudre de biscuits sucrés-, et de la saison sur le développement larvaire de M. funereus L. La température de 23 °C a été défavorable aux larves récoltées en septembre dans des souches de chênes et élevées sur aliment B: les larves étaient mortes en 30 jours. Avec aliment B+C, l'effet défavorable a été neutralisé et le poids des larves augmenté de 543%, 897% et 1179% en 1, 2 et 3 mois. Des larves néonates d'été ou d'hiver se sont bien développées sur B+C, mais toutes les larves d'hiver étaient mortes sur B en 40 j. Des larves de mêmes parents, écloses à différentes époques de l'année, ont présenté des différences saisonnières du taux de survie et de la vitesse de développement lors de leur élevage à 23 °C sur B+C. Le développement le plus rapide et la meilleure survie ont été obtenus avec des larves écloses au début ou au milieu de l'été; tandis que le développement le plus lent et la plus mauvaise survie ont été obtenus avec les larves écloses à la fin de l'été. Les changements saisonniers synchrones des adultes et de leurs descendants, exprimés à différents niveaux d'organisation biologique, suggèrent l'existence d'un rythme annuel endogène qui dépend de l'expression de différents gènes au cours du cycle annuel.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of constant temperature (23 °C), food quality (B, natural diet i.e. powdered oak bark; B+C, natural diet enriched with powdered sweet crackers) and season on larval development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus L. were studied. The temperature of 23 °C exerted an unfavourable effect on larvae collected from oak stumps in September and bred on B; i.e. the larvae died within 30 days. When the larvae consumed B+C the unfavourable effect of temperature was abolished and the larvae increased their weight by 543%, 897% and 1179% in 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. Newly hatched summerand winter-larvae developed successfully on B+C, while all the winter-larvae died within 40 days on B. Larvae of an identical parentage hatched in different phases of the annual cycle and showed seasonal differences in the rate of development and survival when reared on B+C at 23 °C. The fastest development and the highest survival rate were observed in larvae which emerged in early- and midsummer, whereas the slowest development and the lowest survival rate were in those hatched in late summer. The synchronized seasonal changes of adults and their offspring, as expressed at different levels of biological organization, suggest the existence of an endogenous annual rhythm which is dependent upon the expression of different genes in the course of the annual cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347889
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral responses of Diabrotica adults to plant-derived semiochemicals encapsulated in a starch borate matrix (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Diabrotica spp. ; corn rootworms ; Chrysomelidae ; Coleoptera ; plant-derived semiochemicals ; starch matrix ; encapsulation ; controlled release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le programme expérimental de 1987 était destiné à déterminer: 1) si les substances dérivées de végétaux et attractives pour Diabrotica pouvaient être encapsulées dans de l'amidon additionné d'acide borique; 2) si différentes formules attireraient les différentes espèces de Diabrotica dans un champ de maïs. L'indol, l'estragol, le vératrol, le phénylacétaldéhyde et le trans-anéthol n'ont pas été retenus, tandis que le trans-cinnamaldéhyde, la \-ionone, le 1,2,4-triméthobenzène, l'eugénol et l'isœugénol ont été encapsulés avec succès dans des pièges attachés à des pieds de maïs (les détails techniques sont fournis). Les pièges ont été relevés tous les 4 jours du 11 juillet au 8 septembre. Les résultats montrent que les substances allélochimiques sont conservées dans la capsule pendant des durées variables et libérées à des concentrations attractives pour les Diabrotica adultes. Un mélange de trans-cinnamaldéhyde et de 1,2,4,-triméthoxybenzène a été la formule la plus efficace, à l'exception des périodes de formation des barbes et du pollen, où aucune formule n'a été attractive. Bien que la variation saisonnière des réactions de Diabrotica limite l'utilisation des substances allélochimiques d'origine végétale, la capsule d'amidon peut être employée pour libérer des substances allélochimiques et constitue un outil potentiel pour la mise au point d'une méthode plus rationnelle de lutte contre Diabrotica.
    Notes: Abstract The concept of encapsulating semiochemicals into a starch matrix is being studied for potential use in corn rootworm (CRW) management programs. During 1987, experiments were conducted to determine: 1) If volatile plant-derived Diabrotica spp. attractants could be encapsulated in a starch borate matrix (SBM), and 2) If various SBM-semiochemical formulations would attract Diabrotica species over time in field corn. Chemical analyses of fresh SBM formulations indicated that indole, estragole, veratrole, phenylacetaldehyde, and trans-anethole were not retained during formulation but trans-cinnamaldehyde, Beta-ionone, 1,2,4,-trimethoxybenzene, eugenol and isœugenol were successfully encapsulated. Encapsulated semiochemical formulations were made into 20 mesh granules, placed in Pherocon ® 1C traps that were tied to corn plants, and sampled for CRW adults every 4 days from 11 July to 8 September. Field data indicated that encapsulated semiochemicals were retained in the SBM for varying lengths of time and were released at rates attractive to CRW adults. A two-component mixture of trans-cinnamaldehyde and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene was the most effective formulation tested; however, no formulation was effective during corn silking and pollination. Although seasonal variation in CRW response could limit the usefulness of some plant-derived semiochemicals, the starch matrix concept may be useful as a delivery system for semiochemicals and may have potential as a tool that could be used in the development of new more biorational CRW management programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162853
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flight activity of Diabrotica spp. at the borders of cornfields and its relation to ovarian stage in D. barberi (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; northern corn rootworm ; western corn rootworm ; dispersal ; malaise trap ; habitat selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les activités de vol de D. barberi (NCR) et D. virgifera virgifera (WCR) ont été contrôlées par l'utilisation de pièges ‘malais’ placés en lisière de deux petits champs de maïs. Les populations de ces coléoptères sont maximales quand le maïs fleurit, mais leurs captures sont restées faibles jusqu'à ce que les barbes du maïs aient été sèches. Les captures de NCR et, dans une plus faible mesure, celles de WCR ont alors augmenté et sont restées importantes pendant toute la saison. Les pièges ‘malais’ ont été conçus pour que les adultes pénétrant par les côtés opposés soient récoltés séparément. Les femelles de NCR capturées face au champ de maïs avaient tendance à contenir moins d'ovocytes mûrs que celles capturées du côté opposé. Ces observations appuient l'hypothèse que les femelles NCR émigrent des champs de maïs pour s'alimenter, quand les barbes et le pollen de maïs, aliments préférés, deviennent indisponibles, mais que les femelles NCR pleines d'ovocytes mûrs recherchent le maïs quand elles sont en quête de lieux de ponte.
    Notes: Abstract Flight activity of corn rootworm beetles, the northern (NCR), Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and western (WCR), D. virgifera virgifera, was monitored using malaise traps placed at the edges of two small cornfields. Populations of beetles in the fields peaked while corn was flowering, but capture in malaise traps remained low until silks had dried. Capture of NCR and (to a lesser extent) WCR then increased and remained high through the season. Malaise traps were constructed to permit separate collections of beetles that entered on each of two opposite sides. Female NCR that were captured in sides that faced toward corn tended to contain fewer mature eggs than those in sides facing away from corn. These findings support the hypothesis that female NCR emigrate from cornfields to feed when fresh silk and corn pollen (favored foods) become unavailable, but that egg-laden NCR actively seek corn when searching for oviposition sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190130
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digestion rate in relation to starvation in the larva of a carabid predator, Poecilus cupreus (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; Poecilus cupreus ; larva ; starvation ; digestion ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit eine quantitativen enzymabhängigen Immunoabsorptionstest wurde immunoreaktives Material aus Beutetieren als Eiweissgehalt (IRM/P) in Larven eines polyphagen räuberischen Carabiden, Poecilus cupreus, bestimmt. Wir bestimmten den Beuteverzehr und die Geschwindigkeit des IRM/P Abbaus bei Larven, die während verschiedener Zeit gehungert hatten. Der Beuteverzehr nahm exponentiell zu über 7 Tage Hunger. Die Geschwindigkeit des Beute- IRM/P Abbaus schien logarithmisch. Die Beuteaufnahme nahm fast zwanzigfach zu über 7 Tage Hunger von 2.7 ng auf 50.2 ng IRM/P/10 Mikroliter Larvenextrakt. Der grösste Teil der Verdauung erfolgte am zweiten bis dritten Tag nach der Nahrungsaufnahme, unabhängig von der verdauten Menge. Das Niveau 4 Tage nach der Fütterung zeigte, dass Larven, die vorgängig 7 Tage gehungert hatten, 5.0 ng IRM/P/10 Microliter Extrakt zurückhielten; dies war mehr als die Aufnahmemenge nichthungernder Larven. Die Verdauungsgeschwindigleit nahm zu mit der Dauer des Hungerns, doch wurde auch mehr Beute im Nahrungskanal zurückgehalten.
    Notes: Abstract Prey antigen levels were determined by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in larvae of a carabid predator, Poecilus cupreus L. under laboratory conditions. We determined prey consumption and rate of prey protein decay in larvae having starved for different periods. Prey consumption increased exponentially over 7 days of starvation. The rate of prey immunoreactive material decay seemed to be logarithmic, similar in larvae which had starved for different periods. Most of the digestion took place in the first 3 days period after feeding, irrespective of the amounts ingested. The rate of decay increased with increasing period of starvation. There were also signs of food retention in the alimentary canal in larvae which starved longer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188199
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in adaptation to foodplants among populations of the southern cowpea weevil,Callosobruchus maculatus: Evolution of oviposition preference (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 201-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus ; Bruchidae ; Coleoptera ; behavior ; evolution ; genetic variation ; insect-plant interactions ; oviposition preference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Vingt-deux lignées deC. maculatus Fab., liées à 6 plantes-hôtes, ont été examinées quant à leurs préférences — sans choix—parmi les graines de 9 légumineuses. Ces préférences se sont révél'ees semblables à celles observées lors de choix binaires; 3 paramètres ont donné les mêmes résultats: nombre moyen d'oeufs pondus par l'ensemble des femelles, nombre moyen d'oeufs émis par l'ensemble de celles acceptant la plante, fréquence des femelles acceptant la plante. L'analyse en composantes principales des préférences pour les 9 plantes a révélé que la majorité des mesures se situe sur les 2 premiers axes, qui ont rendu compte de 89% de la variation. Les performances des lignées sur le premier axe suggèrent qu'il s'agit d'un critère général de préférence. La classification automatique des plantes a montré un aspect général semblable à celui des composantes principales. Par ces 2 méthodes, les plantes ne se sont pas classées nettement selon leurs affinités taxonomiques. Bien que la classification automatique n'ait pas mis en évidence une similarité de comportement chez les insectes liés au même hôte, ceci était apparemment le cas. Les lignées liées à des hôtes présentant de fortes — ou à l'opoosé — de faibles préférences, ont montré différents seuils d'acceptation pour les 9 substrats de ponte. A l'opposé, il n'y a aucune preuve d'altération évolutive de la hiérarchie de préférences. On en a déduit que ces insectes étaient motivés par un petit nombre de stimulus, tels que les allélochimiques et al texture de tégument, pour déceler l'adéquation des substrats potentiels. (La microscopie électronique a suggéré une corrélation entre la texture du tégument et la hiérarchie des préférences de ces populations). La confiance dans les stimulus recueillis contribue à limiter les stratégies évolutives disponibles pour la population. A partir de là, la sélection en faveur —ou contre — des plantes, à l'origine, faiblement préférées, peut conduire, dans la niche de ponte, à l'incorporation — ou à l'exclusion — d'un groupe d'espèces taxonomiquemment éloignées, mais phénétiquement semblables. La probabilité d'altérations importantes de la hiérarchie des préférences paraît extrémement faible.
    Notes: Abstract A survey of 22 strains ofCallosobruchus maculatus associated with six different leguminous hosts indicates extensive genetic differentiation for oviposition preference. Female behavior suggests the existence of two distinct host preference groups among the nine oviposition substrates tested. Strains associated with plants in these two groups show distinct preference profiles. Genetic differentiation of oviposition preference is due to evolutionary modification of the threshold of acceptance of host plants, not to alteration of the preference hierarchy. From principal components analysis of these results, it is likely that very few independent plant traits govern oviposition preference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629305
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyse, en olfactomètre tubulaire, de l'influence de différents stimulus olfactifs dans la recherche du partenaire sexuel par Zabrotes subfasciatus (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coléoptère ; Bruchidae ; Olfactométrie ; phéromone sexuelle ; plante hôte ; régulation de la réproduction ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; olfactometer ; sex pheromone ; host plant ; reproductive regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In order to meet its sexual partner, Zabrotes subfasciatus must rely on the olfactory signals emitted either by the female or the male insect. The attractiveness of male and female odours were therefore studied and compared in an olfactometer. The behaviour of virgin and inseminated females and males, left in contact with the host plant's seeds or not, was studied in terms of the age of the imagos. In all cases examined, male odours did not attract female insects. Virgin females kept without seeds of the host plant did not attract males. On the other hand, the odour of virgin females left in contact with bean seeds significantly attracted virgin males. The females' attractive power varied according to their age: older females released a chemical cue that was more attractive for the males. Emission of the sex-pheromone stops after insemination of the females but begins again after a certain period of time. Results are discussed in terms of what is known on the reproductive regulation of this bruchid.
    Notes: Abstract Pour rechercher son partenaire sexuel Zabrotes subfasciatus doit utiliser les signaux olfactifs émis soit par les mâles ou par les femelles. Le pouvoir attractif de l'odeur des mâles et des femelles sont donc étudiés et comparés par olfactométrie. Le comportement de mâles et de femelles vierges et inséminées, mis en contact des graines de la plante hôte ou non, est observé en fonction de l'âge des imagos. En aucun cas, les odeurs des mâles n'exercent une attraction sur les femelles. Les femelles vierges en absence de graines de haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris) n'exercent pas d'attraction sur les mâles vierges. Par contre les odeurs des femelles vierges mises en contact avec les graines de haricot sont très attractives pour les mâles vierges et varie en fonction de l'âge: il est plus affirmé chez les femelles plus âgées. L'émission de la phéromone sexuelle est interrompue après l'insémination des femelles mais reprend au bout d'un certain temps après celle-ci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343621
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-specific flight behavior in relation to body weight and lipid content of Ips calligraphus reared in slash pine bolts with thick or thin inner bark (phloem) (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 197-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: body weight ; flight ; Ips calligraphus ; lipid ; longevity ; phloem ; pine ; Scolytidae ; Coleoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le comportement de vol d'Ips calligraphus GERMAR (Scolytidae) a été examiné au laboratoire par une technique de vol captif. La génération parentale avait été artificiellement introduite, suivant la taille des adultes (1,6 à 2,1 mm) dans des morceaux de Pinus elliottii Engelm. variété elliottii au phloeme épais (TK=2,5 à 3,5 mm) ou fin (TN=0,5 à 1,5 mm) les larves se sont développées dans ces morceaux de pin. Le poids et la teneur en lipide des adultes obtenus à partir de TN étaient significativement inférieure à ceux de TK. Le poids des mâles les plus gros a été plus réduit que celui des femelles; les mâles les plus petits semblaient être moins efficaces dans l'initiation des attaques sur les arbres, et les femelles les plus petites ont eu une fécondité réduite. Les durées de vol quotidiennes pendant la vie des mâles TK vierges étaient en moyenne deux fois plus longues que celles des mâles TN. Les durées de vol quotidiennes étaient très variables: en moyenne moins de 20 minutes, mais la plus longue a été de 173 mn. En moyennes les adultes TN et TK ont commencé à voler, et volaient en plus grand nombre, le premier et le second jour après l'émergence. Ensuite la fréquence d'adultes volants et le pourcentage de surviveants, ont graduellement diminué jusqu'à tomber à zéro le neuvième jour. Les mâles TN et TK avaient des vols quotidiens plus longs et volaient environ 1 jour de plus que les femelles. L'activité de vol accrue des mâles reflète leur besoin de trouver dans la nature des arbres convenables; les vols des femelles peuvent généralement être plus brefs, étant plus directement orientés comme une réponse aux phéromones mâles. Les voiliers ont vécu environ 2 fois plus longtemps que les non-voiliers. Parmi les voiliers TK et TN il y avait une corrélation positive étroite entre le poids du corps et la durée totale des vols. Il n'y en a qu'une faible corrélation entre cette durée totale des vols et la longévité, suggérant un faible coût physiologique du vol. L'influence de cette durée des vols et du prélèvement consécutif de lipides sur la fécondité n'a pas été examinée. L'initiation au vol chez les individus fécondés a été sérieusement retardée (maximum le sixième jour) par rapport aux vierges, ce qui suggère un dégénérescence des muscles du vol associée à la reproduction, suivie d'une régénération importante, comme cela a été signalé chez d'autres Scolytes. Ces résultats contribuent à notre compréhension des facteurs conditionnant le comportement de vol et d'autres aspects fondamentaux de la biologie des insectes des pins. Une telle connaissance est nécessaire au développement d'une politique efficace de protection.
    Notes: Abstract Rearing larvae of Ips calligraphus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in bolts of typical slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, with ‘thin’ (TN; 0.5–1.5 mm) phloem (inner bark) relative to adult beetle body width significantly reduced body weight and lipid content of emerging adults compared with ‘thick’ (TK; 2.5–3.5 mm) phloem-reared adults. Unmated (pre-nuptial) TK beetles averaged 2-fold longer daily and life-time flight duration than TN beetles. Daily flights were highly variable, averaging 〈20 min (longest daily flight=173 min). TK and TN beetles initiated flight, and the greatest number flew, on the first or second day after emergence form their rearing bolt; % of beetles flying and survival gradually declined to zero by day 9. Males (both TK and TN) averaged 2.5 days of flight, ca. 1 day longer than females. Fliers lived ca. 2-fold longer than non-fliers. Among TK and TN fliers, significant but weak positive correlations occurred between body weight and lifetime flight duration. Poor correlation between lifetime flight duration and longevity suggests little physiological cost to flight, but effects on fecundity were not assessed. Flight by mated, egg-laying (post-nuptial) beetles was substantially delayed (peaking on day 6), suggesting degeneration and subsequent regeneration of flight muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349216
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of prehatch and posthatch development to protandry in the chrysomelid Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Diabrotica virgifera ; corn rootworms ; prehatch development ; posthatch development ; protandry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'observation, au laboratoire, pendant une période d'éclosion de dix jours, des oeufs de D. v. virgifera LeConte, a montré que les oeufs mâles prédominent les deux premiers jours d'éclosion, que les oeufs des deux sexes, avec des fréquences 0,5/0,5, ont éclos les troisième et quatrième jours, et que les oeufs éclos du cinquième au dixième jour étaient presque tous femelles. Globalement, les oeufs femelles ont éclos en moyenne 2,9 jours plus tard que les oeufs mâles. De plus, la durée du développement post-embryonnaire des femelles a demandé 1,8 jour en plus. Une éclosion plus tardive et un développement post-embryonnaire plus long ont entrainé une émergence des femelles en moyenne 4,7 jours après les mâles. La période d'émergence des adultes s'est étalée sur 14 jours; les mâles ayant dominé pendant les 5 premiers jours et les femelles pendant les 9 derniers. Les mâles de D. v. virgifera semblent avoir évolué vers la protandrie en acquerant, tant une diapause post-embryonnaire que des stades de développements larvaire et nymphal plus brefs.
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory tests with eggs of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte showed that during a 10-day hatching period, hatch of male eggs predominated on the first and second days, eggs of mixed sex, with ca. 1:1 ratio, hatched on the third and fourth days, and eggs hatching from the fifth to the tenth days were nearly all female. Overall, female eggs hatched a mean of 2.9 days later than male eggs. Not only did female eggs hatch later, but the time for posthatch development to the adult stage was 1.8 days longer for females. The later egg hatch and longer posthatch development for females resulted in female adults emerging a mean of 4.7 days later than male adults. Total adult emergence lasted 14 days; of this, males predominated during the first 5 days, and females predominated during the last 9 days. Males of D. v. virgifera appear to have evolved protandry (the tendency for males to emerge before females) by developing both a postdiapause embryonic stage and a combined larval and pupal stage of shorter duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343549
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrations mediate prudent resource exploitation by competing larvae of the bruchid bean weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; intraspecific competition ; oviposition strategies ; resource exploitation ; vibrations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Lors de la compétition, les larves réagissent l'une par rapport à l'autre, même lorsque leurs galeries sont séparées. L'une est inhibée, tandis que l'autre se comporte comme si elle était seule. Le signal provoquant ces réactions, qui peut traverser du papier métallique, est dû vraisemblablement aux vibrations de mastication des larves; ces dernières perçoivent ces signaux tout au long de leur vie active. La larve la plus âgée ne l'emporte pas obligatoirement, ce qui signifie que le signal indique plus que l'âge. Les conditions expérimentales peuvent inverser les réponses des unes et des autres, bien que la larve la plus âgée puisse souvent mourir de ces conditions anormales de compétition. L'avantage potentiel associé à l'inhibition du futur perdant est mis en évidence en collant ensemble des graines. Quand la larve dominante se nymphose, la larve inhibée recommence à s'alimenter et achève son développement. En ayant eu son alimentation interrompue et en restant dans une galerie superficielle, la larve inhibée évite les affrontements et peut se développer lorsque la larve dominante meurt ou se nymphose, puisque la galerie de la larve inhibée n'avait pas été sectionnée. La stratégie de ponte réduit la fréquence de la compétition en uniformisant la distribution des oeufs; elle augmente les chances de survie des larves vaincues avec l'addition des oeufs sur les graines les plus grosses quand les disponibilités sont limitées. L'étude de l'évolution de ces adaptations a été possible puisque, comme on le sait, C. maculatus est génétiquement polymorphe pour les caractères déterminant le comportement de ponte des femelles et la compétition larvaire.
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the bean weevil C. maculatus feeding in a single bean apparently respond to vibrations from each other's chewing: one larva feeds normally, the other is inhibited. If the burrows of the larvae intersect, the inhibited larva dies. If the dominant larva pupates or dies without the burrows intersecting, the inhibited larvae then feeds and matures if enough food remains. Since females add second eggs to the largest beans after most beans carry a single egg, competition is most common in the largest available beans, precisely where inhibited larvae can benefit from avoiding a contest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361303
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence des inflorescences de la plante hôte (Vigna unguiculata) sur la levée de la diapause reproductrice de Bruchidius atrolineatus (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; diapause reproductrice ; inflorescence ; Vigna unguiculata ; activité sexuelle mâle ; ovogenèse ; ponte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) is a widely distributed bruchid in the Sahelian zone which shows a reproductive diapause during the dry season and part of the rainy season. Diapausing females do not produce vitellogenin and their ovaries are reduced to the germarium. Spermatogenesis is very much reduced and male accessory glands are inactive. When these insects were placed in the presence of inflorescences of Vigna unguiculata which were renewed daily, the reproductive diapause of both males and females was interrupted after 15–20 days. Vitellogenesis occurred in the females and spermatogenesis increased in the males whilst their accessory glands became functional. When diapausing bruchids, found in stores of on V. unguiculata seeds during the dry season, were placed near the host plant's inflorescences, diapause was also terminated. In all cases, diapause was not interrupted when the insects were offered dry pods of V. unguiculata in a water-saturated atmosphere. The pollen, which is hardly eaten by this bruchid, did not seem to stimulate termination of diapause. Sensory stimulations derived from the flowers or/and nutritional factors may be the cause of the development of the reproductive organs. After termination of the diapause the males showed normal sexual activity whereas female fecundity was rather low, at least in our experimental conditions. This type of reproductive regulation allows this sahelian bruchid to resume its sexual activity when the host plant's flowers appear in the field at the end of the rainy season. Then the beetles lay their eggs on the pods as soon as the pods are developed.
    Notes: Abstract Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) présente en zone sahélienne une diapause reproductrice durant la saison sèche et une partie de la saison des pluies. Les femelles diapausantes ne produisent pas de vitellogénine et le germarium des ovarioles est seul développé. Chez les mâles la spermatogenèse est très ralentie et les glandes annexes sont inactives. Lorsque les insectes diapausants sont placés en présence d'inflorescences de Vigna unguiculata Walp, leurs organes reproducteurs deviennent fonctionnels après un temps de latence de 15 à 20 jours. Il n'y a par contre aucune levée de la diapause chez des bruches placées en présence de gousses sèches de V. unguiculata dans une atmosphère saturée. Des informations sensorielles issues des pièces florales ou (et) des facteurs nutritionnels sans doute liés a la consommation de nectar semblent être à l'origine de cette levée de la diapause. Le pollen fort peu consommé n'a par contre aucun rôle. Cette régulation du cycle reproducteur de B. atrolineatus par les inflorescences de V. unguiculata permet l'émission des oeufs dès que les gousses commencent à se former à la fin de la saison des pluies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338522
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of walking spruce bark beetles Ips typographus to pheromone produced in different attack phases (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 219-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Ips typographus ; Y-tube olfactometer ; bioassay ; pheromone ; attack phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un olfactomètre à tube en Y, dont la description est donnée, a été utilisé pour examiner les réactions d'I. typographus L. par la marche à la présence de phéromones de congénères creusant des galeries dans des bûches d'Epicéa (Picea abies L.). Les insectes dans les bûches ont été répartis en 7 classes séquentielles, depuis l'élaboration de la chambre nuptiale par le mâle (phases 1–3), l'accouplement (4), et la ponte jusqu'à ce que les galeries de ponte aient 5 cm (5–7). Les mâles dans les phases précoces (1–2) étaient attractifs pour les 2 sexes dès 0,5 à 2,5 h après leur introduction, et ils le restaient pendant plus de 2 semaines. Les femelles qui se déplacent par la marche ont préféré nettement les bûches avec des mâles vierges à des bûches non habitées. De même elles ont préféré des bûches avec des mâles unis aux femelles à des bûches sans Ips. Ayant à choisir entre des bûches infestées par des mâles vierges ou expérimentés, les femelles ont préféré nettement les mâles vierges. Les mâle ont présenté une plus faible attraction aussi bien pour les bûches avec mâles vierges qu'avec mâles expérimentés, ils n'ont pas manifesté de préférence entre les 2. Les résultats sont interprétés comme des réponses adaptatives des 2 sexes aux variations dans la libération de phéromones par les insectes pendant les phases successives d'attaque et de colonisation de l'hôte.
    Notes: Abstract A Y-tube olfactometer is described which was used to assay the response of walking Ips typographus (L.) towards the pheromone from beetles excavating galleries in logs of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Beetles in the logs were categorized into seven sequential attack phases. Males in the early attack phases were attractive as early as 0.5 to 2.5 h after their introduction. These logs remained attractive for more than 2 weeks. Walking females strongly preferred logs with unmated males over uninfested logs and over logs containing males and females. They also preferred logs with males and females over uninfested logs. Responding males showed a weaker attraction than females to logs with unmated males. The results are interpreted as adaptive responses of the sexes to variation of pheromone release from beetles in the host during subsequent phases of attack and colonization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221251
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron to the rove beetle Aleochara bilineata, a parasitoid and predator of the cabbage maggot Delia radicum (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aleochara bilineata ; Staphylinidae ; Coleoptera ; Delia radicum ; carbofuran ; diflubenzuron ; Dimilin ; Furadan ; insect growth regulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Lorsqu' appliqué dans des concentrations efficaces contre la mouche du chou Delia radicum L. (0.1, 0.01, 0.001% p/v dans de l'eau distillée), le Dimilin (diflubenzuron), un régulateur de croissance des insectes, n'a pas affecté l'éclosion des oeufs de Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal, un staphylin prédateur et parasite. En application externe, à la plus forte concentration (0.1% p/v dans de l'eau distillée), cet inhibiteur de synthèse de la chitine s'est avéré non toxique pour les larves du premier stade, les stades larvaires qui se développent à l'intérieur du puparium de l'hôte, et les adultes. Le traitement au Dimilin n'a pas affecté la fertilité des staphylins adultes. Cependant, lorsque le diflubenzuron était dissous dans du diméthylsulfoxyde et appliqué sur l'exosquelette du puparium de l'hôte, l'émergence des adultes de A. bilineata était éliminée. L'insecticide conventionnel Furadan (carbofurane), à une concentration égale à la plus faible concentration de Dimilin utilisée (0.001% p/v dans de l'eau distillée), s'est avéré toxique à la fois pour les oeufs et pour les larves de A. bilineata.
    Notes: Abstract The insect growth regulator Dimilin®, common name: diflubenzuron, applied at concentrations effective against the cabbage maggot Delia radicum L., did not affect the hatching of eggs of the staphylinid predator and parasite, Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal. Applied externally in distilled water, Dimilin was non-toxic to first instar larvae, to larval instars developing within host puparia, and to adults. When Dimilin was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, then applied to the exoskeleton of host puparia, emergence of A. bilineata adults was suppressed. The conventional insecticide Furadan, at a concentration (0.001% in distilled water) equal to the lowest concentration of Dimilin used, was toxic to both eggs and larvae of A. bilineata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343545
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary modulation of α-amylase activity in eight geographical strains of Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Sitophilus ; S. oryzae ; S. zeamais ; rice weevil ; maize weevil ; geographical strains ; digestion ; amylase ; diet ; barley ; corn ; maize ; rice ; wheat ; amylase inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La transformation de rang des valeur d'activité spécifique de l'α-amylase de 4 souches de S. oryzae et de 4 souches de S. zeamais montre que les niveaux les plus élevés de ces enzymes prédominantes s'observent chez les adultes nourris d'orge mondé ou de riz brun á grains longs. Des niveaux intermédiaires d'activité ont été obtenus chez les insectes élevés sur maïs jaune, et les niveaux les plus faibles chez ceux élevés sur blé. Bien que les extraits préparés à partir d'orge présentent une activité inhibitrice de deux isoamylases purifiées de S. oryzae, les niveaux des inhibiteurs naturels α-amylase de ces deux enzymes sont environ respectivement 2,2 et 6,1 fois plus concentrés dans le blé. L'ingestion de ces inhibiteurs d'amylase et la formation d'un complexe enzyme inactive/inhibiteur avec l'amylase secrétée antérieurement, peut rendre compte de la plus faible activité de l'amylase chez les charançons consommant du blé. Le niveau d'amylase de S. oryzae est 2 fois plus élevé que celui de S. zeamais pour toutes les souches élevées sur un régime donné. Des niveaux d'activité significativement différents ont été trouvés suivant les souches pour chacune des deux espèces. Puisque l'amylase est la principale hydrolase digestive de ces espèces, l'intensité de la modification des teneurs en amylase par la consommation de céréales peut indiquer leur adéquation comme hôtes potentiels.
    Notes: Abstract Rank transformation of specific activity values of α-amylase across four strains of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and four strains of S. zeamais Motschulsky indicates that levels of these predominant enzymes are highest in adults feeding on hulled barley or long-grain brown rice. Intermediate activity levels are found in weevils feeding on yellow corn (maize) and lowest levels are found in wheat-fed weevils. Although extracts prepared from barley contain inhibitory activity against two purified isoamylases from S. oryzae, levels of the naturally-occurring α-amylase inhibitors against these two enzymes are about 2.2-fold and 6.1-fold, respectively, more concentrated in wheat. Ingestion of these amylase inhibitors and formation of an inactive enzyme:inhibitor complex with previously secreted amylase may account for the lower activity of amylase in weevils of both species feeding on wheat. Amylase levels across all strains feeding on a given diet are about 2-fold higher in S. oryzae than in S. zeamais. Significant differences in activity levels were also found between strains in both species. Since α-amylase is a predominant digestive hydrolase in these species, the degree to which cereal diets affect amylase levels may indicate their suitability as potential hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186999
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda to Scots pine trees in relation to tree vigor and attack density (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Tomicus piniperda ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; host recognition ; host volatiles ; attraction ; low vigor trees ; attacked trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Anflug von Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) an Kiefern in schlechtem oder besserem Gesundheitszustand, mit oder ohne vorherigen Befall, wurde mit Hilfe von Leimfallen untersucht. An Bäumen in schlechtem Zustand wurden etwas mehr Käfer gefangen als an Bäumen in besserem Gesundheitszustand. Das deutet auf Unterschiede in Geruchsreizen zwischen den beiden Klassen des Baumzustands hin. An Kiefern, die von T. piniperda befallen waren oder simulierte Einbohrungen (von Hand gebohrte Löcher) hatten, wurden viel mehr Käfer gefangen als an Kontrollbäumen ohne oder mit sehr geringem Befall. Der starke Anflug von Käfern an befallene Bäume wird gedeutet als Reaktion auf Duftstoffe des Wirts, die aus den Borkenkäfergängen abgegeben werden.
    Notes: Abstract The attraction of Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Scots pine trees of low and higher vigor with and without previous attacks was monitored with sticky traps. Somewhat higher numbers of beetles were caught on low vigor trees than on trees of higher vigor, indicating differences in olfactory stimuly between the two classes of trees. Many more beetles were caught on trees attacked by T. piniperda and on trees with simulated bark beetle galleries (manually drilled holes) than on control trees with no or only a few attacks. The strong attraction of beetles to attacked trees is attributed to the beetles responding to host volatiles released from the galleries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361309
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding by adult sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus, on sweet potato leaves (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: sweet potato weevil ; Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; sweet potato ; Ipomoea batatas ; feeding ; host-plant preference ; leaf surface chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur la consommation pendant 12 h, en boîtes de Pétri de diamètre 9 cm, de rondelles de 2 cm de diamètre de feuilles de 4 cultivars,—Centennial, Jewel, Resisto, Regal—, d'I. batatas par C. formicarius elegantulus. Les charançons ont consommé le long des nervures, préférant la face inférieure à la face supérieure des feuilles. Un index de consommation a été calculé en fonction de la longueur de nervure ayant servi à la consommation, rapportée à la longueur totale des nervures de la surface exposée. Les niveaux de consommation des mâles et des femelles étaient semblables. En présence de choix binaires, le cultivar Centennial a été le plus consommé, et le cultivar Resisto, le moins, par les femelles. De telles préférences n'ont pas été observées en l'absence de choix. La composition chimique de la surface de la feuille a été analysée par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. 8 pics principaux identiques ont été observés chez les 4 cultivars, mais ils avaient différentes hauteurs.
    Notes: Abstract A bioassay was developed to quantify the feeding of adult sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) on the foliage of four cultivars (Centennial, Jewel, Resisto and Regal) of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) (Convolvulaceae). Weevils fed along the leaf veins, preferring the lower to the upper leaf surface. Males and females had similar levels of feeding. Different levels of feeding by female weevils were observed between cultivars in dual-choice bioassays with Centennial, a susceptible cultivar in field-plot experiments, being most preferred and Resisto least preferred. However, these feeding differences were not observed in no-choice bioassays. Little difference was observed in the leaf surface chemistry of the four cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185628
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) determination of traces of phosphorus in tungsten (1989)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 99 (1989), S. 399-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: phosphorus ; tungsten ; preconcentration ; ICP-OES
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A method for the separation and preconcentration of traces of phosphorus from tungsten was developed. Solid phase extraction of the phosphovanadomolybdate complex performed on a micro-column was applied. Phosphorus was determined by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) excitation. A limit of detection of 0.4 μg/g P with respect to the solid phase is obtained. By directly coupling the extraction/elution step to the ICP instrument a detection limit of 0.06 μg/g P in W was achieved. Besides, the complexity of spectral evaluation in ICP-OES determinations of traces in spectralline-rich matrices is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244696
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elemental analysis of organic phosphorus compounds X. Schöniger-flask method for phosphorus (1986)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 88 (1986), S. 245-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: Schöniger-flask method ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract By use of a fused-silica hook for holding the sample packet in a Schöniger combustion flask, even difficultly combustible phosphorus compounds can be completely decomposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01196617
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The variation of element contents in triticale during vegetative growth (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 13 (1987), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: triticale ; contents of nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; calcium ; magnesium ; trace elements ; heavy metals ; stage of growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Schwankungen in den Konzentration von N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Sn, Sr, Sb, Ti, Te, V, Se, As und Hg in Triticale unter Feldbedingungen untersucht. Von der Bestockung bis zur Vollreife wurden alle 10 Tage von je 0.5 m2 pro Parzelle Pflanzenproben genommen. In allgemeinen haben die Konzentrationen von Frühjar bis zur Ernte abgenommen. Der elementengehalt in Triticale war demjenigen der übrigen Getreidearten verschieden, aber der Trend der Änderungen war ähnlich.
    Notes: Abstract The variation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Sn, Sr, Sb, Ti, Te, V, Se, As and Hg concentrations was studied under field conditions in triticale. The samples were collected every 10 days from tillering to full ripening stage using plant material from 0.5 m2 per plot. The concentrations generally decreased from early growth to harvest. The elemental concentrations in triticale differed from the other cereals, but the variation's trend was similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064828
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and soil and crop residues management practices on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in ultisol of eastern Cameroon (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 14 (1987), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil and crop residues management practices ; maize yield ; Plinthudult ; Cameroon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The shortening of fallow period in several areas in tropical Africa has reduced soil fertility and exposed soils to erosion and run-off. Fertilizer application and crop conservation practices are needeed to sustain high crop yield and to conserve the natural resource base for upland crop production in the continent. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of fertilizer application and soil and crop residues management practices on yield of maize (Zea mays L.) planted on a Plinthudult soil at Bertoua, Eastern Cameroon. Maize yields increased significantly with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application. Under the rainfall pattern prevailing in the area, the amount of nitrogen required for maximum yield was higher in the second season. On the other hand, the amount of phosphorus required for maximum yield appeared to decrease with time. The burning of crop residues and weeds prior to planting together with no-till practive gave higher yield of maize than other soil and crop residues management practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066606
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Africa — how much fertilizer needed: Case study of Sierra Leone (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 17 (1988), S. 101-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; organic matter ; fallow ; forecasting ; fertilizer requirement ; Sierra Leone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supplied by an ‘average’ African soil cleared from bush fallow, assuming no losses, were approximated. Values ranged from 23 to 120 Kg N ha−1, 1.8 to 12 Kg P ha−1, 47 to 187 Kg K ha−1, depending on type of fallow, length of fallow, drainage and extent of depletion of native supplies. Additional amounts of 4 to 5 Kg N ha−1, 4 to 6 Kg P ha−1 and 14 to 20 Kg K ha−1 are obtained from the ash. Using crop nutrient removal data and approximate efficiencies of native and fertilizer N, P and K, fertilizer requirements at the reconnaissance level were estimated for selected target yields. For newly cleared uplands at cropping/fallow ratio of 2:7, N fertilizer requirements for cassava (30 t ha−1), maize (4 t ha−1), and sweet potato (16 t ha−1), were 138, 98, 42 kg ha−1 respectively. Wetland rice (4 t ha−1) required 55 kg N ha−1. Corresponding P fertilizer requirements for cassava, maize, sweet potato, upland rice (1.5 t ha−1) and ground-nut (1 t ha−1) were 190, 80, 30, 30 and 16 kg P ha−1 respectively. Wetland rice required 83 kg P ha−1. Substantial residual values of applied P are to be expected. Cassava required 60 kg ha−1 of K on newly cleared land. In soils of lowered nutrient status higher N, P, and K fertilizer requirements were indicated for all crops. Land use data from Sierra Leone were used to illustrate how the total quantities of N, P and K fertilizers in a country in the forest zone of Africa can be approximated. Fertilizer needs in Sierra Leone were in decreasing order P 〉 N ≫ K. N, P and K requirements were estimated to be 10,000 t, 20,000 t and 4,000 t respectively. The nutrient balance sheet method described in this paper is a useful tool to estimate the order of magnitude of fertilizer requirement at selected target yields for countries in Africa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050271
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertilizer requirement of rice-wheat and maize-wheat rotations on coarse-textured soils amended with farmyard manure (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 17 (1988), S. 153-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: farmyard manure ; maize ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; rice ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field experiments with rice-wheat rotation were conducted during five consecutive years on a coarse-textured low organic matter soil. By amending the soil with 12t FYM ha−1, the yield of wetland rice in the absence of fertilizers was increased by 32 per cent. Application of 80 kg N ha−1 as urea could increase the grain yield of rice equivalent to 120 kg N ha−1 on the unamended soil. Although the soil under test was low in Olsen's P, rice did not respond to the application of phosphorus on both amended and unamended soils. For producing equivalent grain yield, fertilizer requirement of maize grown on soils amended with 6 and 12 t FYM ha−1 could be reduced, respectively to 50 and 25 per cent of the dose recommended for unamended soil (120 kg N + 26.2 kg P + 25 kg K ha−1). Grain yield of wheat grown after rice on soils amended with FYM was significantly higher than that obtained on unamended soil. In contrast, grain yield of wheat which followed maize did not differ significantly on amended or unamended soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050276
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus management of a rice-wheat cropping system (1989)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 20 (1989), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Cropping system ; phosphorus ; rice ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A long term field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil from 1983 to 1987 to determine how to best apply phosphorus fertilizer in a rice-wheat cropping system. The treatments included 9 combinations of phosphorus application either to both rice and wheat or to rice or wheat alone. Direct application of phosphorus at 13 kg/ha to both the crops resulted in significantly higher total productivity of the rice-wheat cropping system as compared with 26 kg P/ha applied either to rice or wheat alone. Phosphorus at 13 kg/ha for rice and 26 kg/ha for wheat was as efficient as 13 kg P/ha for rice and 13 kg P/ha for wheat. The higher rate of P (26 kg/ha) applied to both rice and wheat resulted a decline in the total productivity. The residual effects of phosphorus applied to either rice or wheat were significant to the succeeding crop but was inferior to its direct application. Phosphorus increased the leaf area index, chlorophyll content of leaves, and interception of more photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) which resulted in increased grain yield of rice and wheat. Phosphorus status of the surface soil declined markedly, in the absence of P application from 15.4 to 6.4 kg P/ha. Phosphorus applied at 26 kg P/ha to both the crops resulted a build up of the available P status of soil. Phosphorus application at 13 kg/ha to both rice and wheat maintained the phosphorus status of the soil at original level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055398
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus and mycorrhizal interaction on uptake of P and trace elements by maize (1989)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 21 (1989), S. 19-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: VAM fungi ; phosphorus ; molybdenum ; interaction ; maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) when applied to soils can result in marked increases in plant growth and P uptake. Application of molybdenum can also result in a synergistic interaction with phosphorus, with reslutant increases in plant dry matter production. The current investigation was designed to evaluate P X Mo X VAM interactions on yield and P uptake of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using soils from Missouri and Jamaica (West Indies) which were very low in available soil P. Corn was grown in pots amended with P and VAM, with and without Mo. Colonizing Jamaican soil amended with P withGlomus etunicatum increased shoot dry matter weights significantly. Greatest P uptake occured in treatments receiving the highest application of P and mycorrhizal inoculation. There was a significant difference between the two soils with respect to treatment effects on micronutrient accumulation of the test crop. The decreases in Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mo concentration of corn leaves between control and the treated pots, is attributed to dry matter dilution effect. The results indicated that mycorrhizal inoculation increased the dry matter significantly in Jamaican soil amended with P, however not in Missouri soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054731
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of P fertilizer on alleviating chloride toxicity in wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 6 (1985), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Chloride ; phosphorus ; salinity ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A pot study with four levels each P (control, 6.5, 13.0, 19.5 mg kg−1) and Cl− in irrigation water (control, 30, 60, 90me l−1) was carried out to test Cl− and P interaction on wheat. It has been found that optimum P nutrition alleviates the toxic effect of excess Cl−. Highest P rate resulted in a significant yield increase upto a Cl− level of 60me l−1. Cl− depressed P content in the plant only at a Cl− level of 90me l−1, while P rates had no major impact on the Cl− concentration in the plant. Lower Cl− concentration at higher P rates are rather a dilution effect than an antagonistic one. With optimum P supply higher Cl− contents in the plants were tolerated than with a low P supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051011
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracking phosphorus patterns in mango (Mangifera indica L) and possible relations to floral induction (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 6 (1985), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: bark ; floral induction ; leaves ; mango ; phosphorus ; shoots ; stems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus concentration was tracked in four types of mango shoots. The mean phosphorus concentration was highest in laterals existing on shoots which had either flowered or fruited in the preceding season, followed by young flush arising in July, laterals existing on shoots which did not flower or fruit in the preceding season and shoots which did not flower or fruit in the preceding season and having further extension of growth. A higher percentage of floral induction was noted in the laterals on shoots which had either flowered or fruited in the preceding season. The study clearly showed the association of availability of phosphorus with floral induction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048797
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties to fertilizers: Yield and yield components as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus application (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 6 (1985), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) ; phosphorus ; yield ; yield components
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties (‘White velvet’ and ‘NHAE 47-4’) to fertilization in northern Nigeria was examined using four rates of nitrogen (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha−1) and three rates of phosphorus (0, 13 and 26 kg ha−1). Nitrogen application significantly increased green pod yield, pod diameter, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per pod and pod weight. Application of phosphorus also significantly increased green pod yield, pod number and number of seeds per pod. The two varieties responded to nitrogen application differentially with respect to green pod yield. For optimum green pod yield of ‘White velvet’ 35 kg N ha−1 is suggested while for variety ‘NHAE 47-4’, N fertilization can be increased to 70 kg ha−1. There was no differential response of varieties to phosphorus fertilization for green pod yield; however, the application of 13 kg ha−1 enhanced the performance of both varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048799
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A conceptual model for initial and residual responses to phosphorus fertilizers (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 6 (1985), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: modelling ; phosphorus ; residual value
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A model is formulated to describe the amount of effective phosphorus in soil. For a source that is immediately fully effective only three parameters are required — the amount of effective phosphorus initially present, the proportion of phosphorus remaining effective after each year, and a parameter which determines the lower limit for the amount of effective phosphorus. An extension of the model to sources that release their phosphorus slowly requires one further parameter — the fraction of such phosphorus released each year. The effective phosphorus in soil is then related to yield using the Mitscherlich equation. The model gave a good description of the growth response ofStylosanthes humilis to superphosphate and calcined Christmas Island C-grade phosphate (CCICP) over three years on a red earth at Katherine, N.T. Furthermore, it enabled a quantitative assessment to be made of the residual value of the CCICP that was not achieved in an earlier analysis of the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051007
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertilizer and liming value of lime-treated sewage sludge (1986)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 8 (1986), S. 313-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertilizers ; lime ; lucerne ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; sewage sludge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment was conducted with lucerne on a strongly acidic and phosphorus deficient soil to determine the liming and phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer value of an undigested, lime-treated sewage sludge. The results are presented in terms of calculated combinations of lime, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer required to obtain the same lucerne yield (or soil pH or extractable phosphorus level) as achieved with 5 or 10 t ha−1 of dried sludge. The sludge was a good source of lime, phosphorus and nitrogen. The sludge phosphorus was 49% as effective as the fertilizer phosphorus in raising extractable phosphorus in the soil to the level required for crop growth. The calcium carbonate of the sludge raised soil pH more effectively than agricultural lime, probably because of finer particle size in the former. It was not possible to achieve the yield obtained with 25 t ha−1 of sludge with combinations of agricultural lime, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers at high rates of application. This was attributed to the effects of the sludge on improving soil physical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048634
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons of the fertilizing and liming properties of lime-treated sewage sludge with its incinerated ash (1986)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 9 (1986), S. 187-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: lime ; lucerne ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; ryecorn ; ryegrass ; sewage sludge ; sewage ash
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two field experiments were conducted to compare the fertilizing and liming properties of dried lime-treated sewage sludge with its incineration product (ash). One experiment used a mixture of ryecorn and ryegrass on a relatively fertile soil and the other lucerne on a strongly acidic and phosphorus deficient soil. The first harvest of the ryecorn-ryegrass experiment showed small but significant linear responses in dry matter yield to both ash and sludge. Ash applications did not affect foliage nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, or uptakes, but sludge applications increased these significantly. Sludge also increased the concentrations of K, S, Mg, Cu and Zn but ash only increased the concentrations of S and Mg. At the second harvest (ryegrass) 5 t ha−1 of sludge increased dry matter yield and foliage nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations whereas ash had no effect. Levels of phosphorus extracted from the soil were increased by both amendments but the sludge was much more effective than the ash. Both ash and sludge raised soil pH. In the lucerne experiment comparisons between sludge and ash were calculated from response surfaces fitted to the data which showed marked increased in soil pH and dry matter yield. Sludge markedly increased extractable phosphorus whereas ash had no effect. The sludge was 22% as effective as ash in raising soil pH to 6.5. The amounts of ash required to obtain the same yield as 10 t ha−1 of sludge were 5.78, 12.78 and 6.39 t ha−1 respectively for three successive harvests. These results and those for foliage concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were also ascribed to the much greater availability of the sludge phosphorus than the ash phosphorus, and the presence of nitrogen in the sludge but not in the ash.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050345
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertilization of tropical rice: A case study on Bangkok plain (1986)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 10 (1986), S. 97-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertilizer ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; plant analysis ; nutritional status
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study consisted of a survey on the nutritional status of rice plants in relation to nutrient application and yield in 70 farmers' fields in four provinces of Bangkok plain during the 1977 wet season. In addition a series of fertilizer experiments were carried out on rice experimental stations in the same provinces to study yield response to N and P fertilization and to develop a fertilizer recommendation system based on plant analysis. The average grain yield in the survey was 3.2 t ha−1 and the early (high yielding varieties), medium (local) and late maturity (local) types yielded 3.3, 2.8 and 3.0 t ha−1, respectively. The average amount of fertilizers applied to these maturity types were 33, 15 and 7 kg N ha−1 and 15, 8 and 6 kg P ha−1, respectively. Regression analysis indicated only a slight correlation between yield and any level of fertilizer application. On experimental stations yields over 6 t ha−1 were obtained with applications of N over 100 kg ha−1 and P over 22 kg ha−1. Evaluation of nutritional status of plants based on plant analysis showed that in all provinces there were strong and widespread nutrient deficiences primarily of N and secondarily of P, and possibly of some other nutrients. Fertilizer application based on plant analysis gave high yield responses. It was concluded that the major constraints of yield on Bangkok plain are too low fertilizer application especially of N, and unbalanced fertilization of N and P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01074365
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical algorithm for effective phosphorus determination in a rice based cropping system (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 18 (1988), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Cropping system ; modelling ; phosphorus ; residual value ; rice based ; sources of P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model similar to the one suggested by Probert [3] is used to calculate effective phosphorus in two rice crops followed by green gram. The effective phosphorus values are then related to dry matter yield, grain yield and phosphorus uptake in the three crops using linear and Mitscherlich equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064178
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of two unusual high analysis compounds as fertilizers, including possible slow release features (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 11 (1987), S. 25-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertilizer ; high analysis nutrient compounds ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; Rhodes grass ; slow-release ; sulphur ; Townsville stylo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The fertilizer potential of two unusual N-P compounds with cage structures was evaluated in pot experiments where plants were repetitively cut over 400 days. One of the compounds, hexamethyl-hexaaza-tetraphosphaadamantane (APA), having 41.6% P and 28.2% N, showed high fertilizer capability. After more than 400 days, dry matter yield of Rhodes grass given APA was 83–102% of that given conventional N-P sources, and yield of Townsville stylo 60–70%. Curves for N and P uptakes over time were of sigmoidal form, with the steepest parts between days 40 and 120, suggesting a slow-release feature. However growth was depressed up to day 40, presumably by some toxic factor associated with the decomposition of the APA. This toxicity was avoided if some conventional fertilizer was applied with the APA. The other compound, the tetrasulphide of APA (APAS) had only limited fertilizer potential. Plants did absorb P and S at least from this compound, but Townsville stylo yield was only 32–38% of that with conventional fertilizers, and Rhodes grass yield not much greater than from control pots. The possible slow-release feature, and the toxic effect, did not occur with APAS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049562
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc and phosphorus interaction in a wheat-maize cropping system (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 13 (1987), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: zinc ; phosphorus ; interactions ; limed ; unlimed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To study the interaction effect of Zn and P in a wheat-maize cropping system, a field experiment was conducted at the H.P. Agricultural University Research Station, Palampur (India). Zinc was applied as ZnSO4·7H2O at the rate of 0, 20 and 40 kg per ha and P as superphosphate at the rate of 0, 60 and 120 kg per ha. The direct Zn-P interaction effect was investigated on wheat (S—308) and its residual effect on maize (early composite). Added Zn did not increase the grain and straw yield of wheat when P was not applied, but when P was applied, 20 kg per ha added Zn responded significantly. Contrary to this, in maize, only 20 kg per ha added Zn responded significantly when P was not applied, but when P was applied, even 40 kg per ha Zn increased the grain and straw yield of maize. The grain and straw yield of wheat and maize were higher under limed than under unlimed conditions. The concentration of Zn increased with the application of Zn and decreased with the application of P. The concentration of Zn was comparatively higher in grain than in straw of wheat and maize. The P concentration in wheat and maize plants decreased with the increasing levels of applied Zn. The concentrations of Zn were lower under limed than under unlimed condition, whereas the reverse was true for P concentrations. The respective absorption of Zn and P in wheat was 9.7 and 7.3 per cent upto tillering, 47.9 and 49.4 per cent between tillering and flowering, and 42.3 and 43.3 per cent between flowering and maturity. The corresponding absorption of Zn and P in maize was 11.7 and 9.4, 59.9 and 52.1, and 29.3 and 38.5 per cent before booting stage, between booting and tasseling stage and between tasseling and maturity stage, respectively. At maturity, about 53.1 and 13.0 per cent of the Zn and P taken up were retained by wheat straw and 46.9 and 87.0 per cent by wheat grain. The respective values for Zn and P in maize straw and grain were 66.8 and 30.3 and 33.2 and 69.7 per cent. When more Zn was applied, less Zn was translocated to grains; when more P was added, more Zn was translocated to grains. The effects of P and Zn on P distribution at maturity were opposite to that of Zn distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049804
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling nutrient flux and interspecies root competition in agroforestry interplantings (1989)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 8 (1989), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; rooting density ; root biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nutrient competition between interplanted species is investigated using mechanistic modelling. Though tree and crop plant roots may occupy the same soil volume, nutrient competition is seen to be dependent on soil supply mechanisms. Model simulations illustrate the effects of nutrient diffusion rate, mobility/soil interaction, root diameter, soil moisture content, and rooting density on nutrient concentration gradients governing uptake adjacent to plant roots. These factors, unique for each nutrient and soil, combine to determine the potential for competition in agroforestry plantings. Nutrient competition is most likely for the more mobile nutrients and mechanistic modelling can be used to select tree and crop species with superior rooting and physiological characteristics for interplantings to better manage below-ground competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00129653
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical defence in the larvae of the leaf beetleGonioctena viminalis L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 458-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Defensive secretions ; glands ; Chrysomelidae ; Coleoptera ; phenylethanol ; linalool ; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one ; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol ; 2-hexenal ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The leaf beetle larva ofGonioctena (Phytodecta) viminalis L. has been shown to produce five volatile constituents within its paired abdominal defensive gland reservoirs. It is the first time that these compounds have been reported to occur in coleopteran defensive glands (linalool, phenylethanol) and Chrysomelidae larvae (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, 2-hexenal). In addition to the gross morphology of theGonioctena gland and its discharge behavior, the natural products found are discussed in terms of chemotaxonomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940454
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardenolide biosynthesis in chrysomelid beetles (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 460-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; cardenolides ; Coleoptera ; chrysomelid beetles ; [23-14C]-cholesterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Labeling experiments have shown that the chrysomelid beetleChrysolina coerulans is able to biosynthesize its own defensive cardenolides from cholesterol, via a pathway involving a C21 intermediate, as in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940455
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal dynamics of a cyanobacteria-dominated microbial community in surface sediments of a shallow, eutrophic lake (1989)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 51 (1989), S. 153-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: sediments ; cyanobacteria ; Microcystis ; bacterial biomass ; bacterial production ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal variation of microbial biomass and activity in the surface sediments (0–10 cm) of the shallow, eutrophic Lake Vallentunasjön was followed during one year. “Overwintering”Microcystis colonies dominated the microbial community during all seasons, constituting 60–90% of the total microbial biomass. Expressed on an areal basis, the benthic biomass was, throughout the year, larger than or similar to the planktonic biomass during the peak of the summer bloom, indicating an ability of the colonies to survive in the sediments for extended periods. Abundance of “other”, non-photosynthetic bacteria varied in the range 3.0–15.5 · 1010 cells g−1 d. w. over the year with minimum values in summer and maximum values in autumn in connection with the sedimentation of theMicrocystis bloom. A substantial part of the non-photosynthetic bacteria, up to circa 40%, was associated with the mucilage of healthyMicrocystis colonies. Bacterial production (3H-thymidine incorporation) appeared to be strongly temperature dependent and less influenced by the seasonal sedimentation pattern. Our data indicate an increasing proportion of non-growing cells in autumn and winter. Biomass-bound phosphorus constituted a significant portion, circa 10%, of the phosphorus content in Lake Vallentunasjön sediments. This pool has normally been overlooked in studies on phosphorus dynamics in lake sediments. Different mechanisms whereby organic phosphorus can be released from the sediments are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879300
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of snow and soil frost melting on the concentrations of suspended solids and phosphorus in two rural watersheds in Western Finland (1989)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 51 (1989), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Particles ; phosphorus ; watersheds ; snow ; frost ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrological processes are known to have a considerable effect on nutrient transport from agricultural land to watercourses. In cold temperate regions peak discharges are caused not only by storm conditions but also by melting of snow and frost. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of snow and frost melt on concentrations of phosphorus and suspended solids. The samples were taken using flowweighted automatic sampling techniques from two agricultural drainage basins. During the beginning of the snowmelt period the concentration of suspended solids was rather low by comparison with the total phosphorus concentration and the discharge. The different behaviour compared with the relationships found during storm conditions was probably caused by continuous extraction of the soil surface by low ionic concentration melt water, and to some extent by leaching from plant residues. The gradual decrease of total phosphorus concentration during the frost thawing period could be attributed to the gradually increasing proportion of the subsurface and ground water discharge in the runoff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877743
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive steroids from a carrion beetle (Silpha americana) (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 516-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; chemical defense ; steroids ; pregnanes ; isoprenoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The defensive anal effluent discharged bySilpha americana in response to disturbance contains a mixture of steroids stemming from a glandular annex of the rectum. The compounds have been characterized as 15β-hydroxyprogesterone (1, principal component), 5β-pregnan-15β-ol-3, 20-dione (2), 5β-pregnan-3α, 15β-diol-20-one (3), 5β-pregnan-7β, 15β-diol-3,20-dione (4), 5β-pregnan-3α, 7β, 15β-triol-20-one (5), 5β-pregnan-16α-ol-3,20-dione (6), and 5β-pregnan-3α, 16α-diol-20-one (7), none previously found in insects. Bioassays with jumping spiders showed compounds1 and6 to be feeding deterrents at the 1 μg level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966178
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cantharidin biosynthesis in a blister beetle: Inhibition by 6-fluoromevalonate causes chemical disarmament (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 853-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Lytta polita ; chemical defense ; cantharidin ; terpenoids ; fluorine ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biosynthesis of cantharidin in a blister beetle,Lytta polita, is effectively inhibited by 6-fluoromevalonate. Inhibition is attributed specifically to the fluorine substituent. Biochemical inhibition has not been demonstrated previously for an arthropod's defensive substance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01941552
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The species composition and diversity of tree-dwelling beetles in deciduous oak and evergreen forests in central Japan; Relationship between the diversity index and sample size (1986)
    Springer
    Ecological research 1 (1986), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Community structure ; Species composition ; Species diversity ; Tree-dwelling beetles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the period fromlate May through December 1981, tree-dwelling beetles were regularly surveyed at three deciduous oak and two evergreen forests in the vicinity of Gifu City. Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae were abundant in these forests. The species diversity and the seasonal succession of species were most apparent in May and June. The three deciduous oak forests, with many species and high equitability, showed more diverse community structure, but fewer individuals, when compared with the two evergreen forests. Furthermore, the species compositions of the deciduous oak forests were seasonally and spatially more heterogeneous than those of the evergreen forests. A few dominant species, however, had a strong influence on the community structure. The relationship between the diversity index and sample size was examined. The diversity index changed with the sample size, and the range of the variation diminished as the sample size increased. However, equilibrium was not reached even in the largest sample size used in this study (20 samples). There was a significantly high correlation (P〈0.001) in diversity index between the smaller sample sizes (5, 10, 15) and the largest. It was, therefore, shown that community structures can be compared on the basis of the diversity indices from samples of constant size, even when the samples are small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348684
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation behavior of sintered 434L ferritic stainless steel-Al2O3 composites with ternary additions (1985)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 23 (1985), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: sintered ferritic stainless steel composite ; porosity ; transition metals ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of sintered ferritic stainless steel-Al2O3 composites, and composites with ternary additions such as titanium, niobium, or phosphorus, have been studied at 550°C in 1 atm oxygen up to 9 hr. It is found that α-SS-6 vol.% Al2O3 is most resistant to oxidation amongst all the compacts investigated. Amongst the ternary composites, niobium-containing compacts show better oxidation resistance compared to titanium or phosphorus-containing composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00659902
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of chirality of alcohol or latent alcohol semiochemicals in individual insects (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1659-1667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chiral semiochemicals ; pheromones ; enantiomeric composition ; Ips pini ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Apis mellifera ; Hymenoptera ; apidae ; Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ; Cucujidae ; acetyl lactate diastereoisomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for determining the enantiomeric composition of chiral alcohols, lactones, and hydroxy acids in quantities ranging from 25 ng to 10 μg. Derivatization of the substance with chirally pure acetyl lactate, followed by splitless capillary gas chromatography, enables enantiomeric determinations to be made within 1–3% of the actual value. This technique was applied in the determination of semiochemical inIps pini (Say),Apis mellifera (L.), andCryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). The results indicate that considerable variability exists within populations of some insects in the composition of their chiral semiochemicals, whereas others produce substances of constant composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012119
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isoflavonoid feeding deterrents forCostelytra zealandica Structure — Activity relationships (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1713-1735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Isoflavonoids ; structure-activity relationships ; insect feeding-deterrent activity ; Costelytra zealandica ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; stereochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A number of naturally occurring isoflavonoids of differing substitution patterns and oxidation states have been tested for feeding deterrent activity in a bioassay with larvae ofCostelytra zealandica White. The most active deterrents, which reduced feeding significantly at 0.2-1.0 μg/g, are those compounds containing a ring B-fused cycloprenoid moiety. The least active compounds were highly oxidized coumestans and isoflavones. The ring B-fused cyclic isoprenoid moiety and the presence of a 2'-oxy function appear to be structural features important for high activity. It is suggested that the feeding deterrent activity of isoflavonoids relates to their stereochemistry and that the most active compounds have or can adopt a similar nonplanar molecular shape with a similar arrangement of polar and lipophilic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012122
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economics of chemical defense in chrysomelinae (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1189-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defensive secretion ; egg defense ; allomones ; Salix ; salicin ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; monoterpenes ; salicylaldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical defense in chrysomelid larvae (subtribe Chrysomelina and Phyllodectina) is reviewed. Most species secrete autogenous monoterpenes. The diversity of their secretion is interpreted as a mechanism to reduce adaptation by predacious arthropods. The consequences of a host plant shift to the Salicacae are explored. Salicin from these host plants is used as a precursor for the salicylaldehyde secreted by the larvae of many species. This offers several advantages. It provides the larvae with an inexpensive and efficient defense. The recovery of the glucose moiety of the salicin contributes significantly to the larval energy budget. Adults sequester salicin in the eggs at concentrations which are toxic to ants. Owing to this maternal provisioning, neonate larvae produce salicylaldehyde from hatching onwards, whereas other species secreting monoterpenes are not protected at hatching. The secretion of salicylaldehyde by different species is considered to be chemical mimicry reinforcing visual aposematic signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01639004
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinvestigation of anhydroserricornin, (2S,3S)-2,6-diethyl-3,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, as a sex pheromone component for male cigarette beetle (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; cigarette beetle ; Lasioderma serricorne (F.) ; Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; serricornin ; 7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone ; anhydroserricornin ; 2,6-diethyl-3,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reinvestigation of the pheromonal activity of anhydroserricornin, (2S,3S)-2,6-diethyl-3,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, showed that the magnitude of its activity was less than 1/103 of that of serricornin, 7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone, the sex pheromone of the cigarette beetleLasioderma serricorne (F.). Neither a synergistic nor an inhibitory effect of anhydroserricornin addition on the action of serricornin was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045601
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition deterrent from eggs ofCallosobruchus maculatus: Spacing mechanism or artifact? (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ablation ; egg dispersion ; oviposition deterrent ; foretarsi ; palpi ; antennae ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Callosobruchus maculatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females ofCallosobruchus maculatus (F.) avoid ovipositing on host seeds already bearing conspecific eggs, and thus distribute eggs evenly among seeds. This behavior was presumed to be mediated by an ether-soluble “oviposition marker” that is deposited with the egg and can be extracted from egg-laden artificial hosts (glass beads). Ablation experiments revealed that the true factors promoting an even dispersion of eggs were perceived by the maxillary and labial palpi. In contrast, receptors on the antennae were largely responsible for avoidance of seeds treated with “oviposition marker.” Taken together, these results suggest that a careful distinction should be drawn between factors that promote spacing of eggs under natural conditions and general oviposition deterrents that may be isolated from both sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020364
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of alkaloids with galeal chemosensory cells of colorado potato beetle (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 2009-2022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Colorado potato beetle ; deterrent receptor ; feeding deterrents ; alkaloids ; sugar receptor ; amino acid receptor ; chemoreception ; steroidal alkaloids ; antifeedants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The galeal chemosensory system of the adult Colorado potato beetle was used as a model to study the effects of alkaloids on insect gustation. Nine alkaloids, representing a wide range of structural types, were used. Their ability to stimulate chemosensory cells when presented in isolation and their ability to interfere with normal chemosensory processes were emphasized. None of the alkaloids stimulated chemosensory cells in a dose-dependent manner, although a few stimulated low-level activity from some cells. There was no evidence for a general “deterrent receptor” in these beetles. Some of the alkaloids had a marked inhibitory effect on normal chemosensory responses. Tomatine, solanine, papaverine, and sparteine significantly inhibited responses to amino acids (represented by GABA) while quinine and papaverine inhibited responses to sucrose. An attempt was made to correlate neurophysiological action of some alkaloids with their effects on feeding behavior. It was clear from this correlation that even a dramatic inhibition of sensory input by an alkaloid does not necessarily lead to measurable effects on behavior. The results are discussed in the context of current theories on the mode of action of alkaloids and other secondary plant compounds which may be involved in host recognition by phytophagous insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041728
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a volatile attractant forDiabrotica andAcalymma spp. from blossoms ofCucurbita maxima duchesne (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 687-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractant ; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ; Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi ; Acalymma vittatum ; indole ; Cucurbita maxima ; electroantennogram ; floral volatile ; Chrysomelidae ; Cucurbitaceae ; Coleoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fractionation of headspace volatiles fromCucurbita maxima blossoms by high-performance liquid chromatography resulted in the isolation of a single component which was highly active in an electroantennogram bioassay onDiabrotica undecimpunctata howardi antennae. This compound was identified as indole by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Field-trapping bioassays were conducted which indicated that indole is a potent attractant of the western corn rootworm,D. virgifera virgifera, and the striped cucumber beetle,Acalymma vittatum. The southern corn rootworm,D. u. howardi, did not respond, despite its strong EAG response. The sex ratio ofD. v. virgifera found in indole-baited traps varied seasonally. Males were trapped in abundance in late July and later September, 1983, while females were more abundant August and early September. The effectiveness of indole as aD. v. virgifera attractant also varied seasonally. A prolonged period of depressed trap catches occurred in early August 1983, during the silking and tasseling period of the corn in the field where trapping was carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroantennogram responses by mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, exposed to selected semiochemicals (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1603-1621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Mountain pine beetle ; Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; electroantennograms ; pheromones ; kairomones ; inhibitors ; host selection ; aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were obtained forD. ponderosae to the bark beetle pheromonestrans-verbenol,cis-verbenol,exo-brevicomin,endo-brevicomin, frontalin, verbenone; to the kairomones, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, Δ-3-carene, limonene, myrcene; to a blend (1∶1∶1) oftrans-verbenol,exo-brevicomin, and myrcene; and to diacetone-alcohol. Male and female responses, in general, did not differ significantly over the whole EAG dose-response curves but differed at a few concentrations on many of the curves. There were more differences noted for pheromones than kairomones. The blend yielded among the largest EAGs in both sexes and appeared to show synergism. Responses of females were lower than those for males in most instances. Significant differences in responses by the two sexes were much fewer for the kairomones than the pheromones. EAG recovery rates tested at only one concentration showed significant differences between males and females for three pheromones,trans-verbenol,cis-verbenol, and verbenone, and two kairomones, camphene and Δ-3-carene. Thresholds were quite low for most of the odorants exceptcis-verbenol, camphene, verbenone, and diacetone-alcohol in females, andcis-verbenol, verbenone, α-pinene, and diacetone-alcohol in males. The results, using at least one EAG parameter, support behavioral and field studies involvingexo-brevicomin,trans-verbenol, frontalin, and the blend.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020267
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive steroids from a carrion beetle (Silpha novaboracensis) (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Silphidae ; Silpha novaboracensis ; steroids ; pregnanes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two novel steroids, 3α,7β-dihydroxy-14β-pregn-4-en-15,20-dione (1) and 3α,7β, 20ξ-trihydroxy-14β-pregn-4-en-15-one (4), have been characterized from the rectal gland ofSilpha novaboracensis (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Judging from the function of comparable pregnanes in another species ofSilpha, the compounds may play an antipredator role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020349
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth ofLeptinotarsa decemlineata larvae in response to simultaneous variation in protein and glycoalkaloid concentration (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Solanum ; glycoalkaloid ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; protein ; growth ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; α-tomatine ; α-solamarine ; β-solamarine ; α-solamine ; α-chacomine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of larvae of the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), as measured by weight gain, was determined when larvae were reared on synthetic diets containing measured quantities of protein and one of fiveSolanum glycoalkaloids. Data were analyzed to determine if growth was affected by these two aspects of phytochemical variation independently, or if there was a significant interaction component in larval weight gain to simultaneous variation in protein and glycoalkaloid concentration. For four of the five glycoalkaloids examined, a bivariate regression model without interaction accurately accounted for growth ofL. decemlineata larvae. For alpha-tomatine, however, a regression model with the addition of a (protein × glycoalkaloid) interaction term more accurately accounted for larval growth. The influence of this interaction was less than either protein or glycoalkaloid concentration alone. The variation in protein concentration accounted for most of the variation in larval growth, and high protein concentrations could more than offset the effect of high concentration of any of the five glycoalkaloids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020350
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of parasiteEdovum puttleri to kairomone from eggs of colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomone ; parasite ; host finding ; host acceptance ; behavior ; Edovum puttleri ; Hymenoptera ; Eulophidae ; Colorado potato beetle ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When females of the eulophid parasiteEdovum puttleri were exposed to ann-hexane wash of eggs of the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata, their responses indicated that the eggs contained a kairomone which elicited host-finding and host-acceptance behaviors. The hostfinding responses included an increased amount of time searching glass beads treated with kairomone, and drumming on the beads with the flagellum of the antennae. Host-acceptance responses included grasping of the beads with the legs, raising of the abdomen, and probing the kairomone-treated surface with the ovipositor. None of these responses were noted in females on beads treated only with hexane, or in males exposed to kairomone-treated beads. When kairomone was applied to a flat surface, filter paper disks, few episodes of drumming and no episodes of probing with the ovipositor were noted. Responses ofE.puttleri to eggs of Colorado potato beetle were similar to those on kairomone-treated beads, but females normally drilled into eggs and fed on host fluids after retracting the ovipositor. The kairomone is volatile, and responsiveness was reduced in parasites exposed to beads treated several hours previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025893
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antennal olfactory responsiveness of three sympatricIps species [Ips avulsus (Eichhoff),Ips calligraphus (Germar),Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff)], to intra- and interspecific behavioral chemicals (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1289-1304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Electroantennogram ; pheromone ; bark beetles ; Ips, Dendroctonus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; olfactory receptors ; intraspecific ; interspecific ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) from male and femaleIps avulsus, I. calligraphus, andI. grandicollis to their pheromones and selected host odorants or kairomones verified the presence of antennal olfactory receptors in both sexes of each species capable of detecting ipsdienol, ipsenol,cis- andtrans-verbenol,endo-brevicomin α-pinene, frontalin, and verbenone. Each species possesses receptors with lower thresholds and in greater abundance for the compounds they produce and to which they are behaviorally most responsive. Detection of bothIps andDendroctonus pheromones by the three cohabiting species provides a sensory basis for olfactory interactions among the species. Differences in both threshold and saturation levels for EAGs for the various behavioral chemicals could denote differences in specific behavioral roles for each compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019353
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical communication in cucujid grain beetles (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 2071-2098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Grain beetles ; Coleoptera ; Cucujidae ; Cathartus quadricollis ; Cryptolestes ferrugineus ; C. pusillus ; C. turcicus ; Oryzaephilus mercator ; O. surinamensis ; macrolide aggregation pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males of five sympatric species of economically damaging cucujid grain beetles,Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens),C. pusillus (Schönhen),C. turcicus (Grouvelle),Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel), andO. surinamensis (L.), produce macrolide aggregation pheromones especially in the presence of food. Work leading to the isolation, identification, and establishment of biological activity of these semiochemicals is reviewed. The trivial name “cucujolide” is proposed and used to identify these compounds that are characteristic of the Cucujidae. The twoOryzaephilus share species share a common cucujolide pheromone, whileCryptolestes species use cucujolides that are either enantiomeric, unique to the genus, or released in trace quantities byOryzaephilus spp. and not used as pheromones by the latter species. The major mechanisms for species specificity in chemical communication are: (1) presence of a unique pheromone (C. ferrugineus andC. pusillus); (2) use of pheromones that are inactive alone but synergize response to cucujolides unique to a species (C. pusillus, C. turcicus, andO. surinamensis); (3) response to only one enantiomer of a pheromone (C. ferrugineus, O. surinamensis, andO. mercator); and (4) synergism between enantiomers of a pheromone (C. turcicus). The only species for which cross-attraction was evident wasO. mercator toO. surinamensis. Both sexes ofOryzaephilus spp. produce (R)-1-octen-3-ol, which highly synergizes response to the cucujolide pheromones. Similar synergism occurs between hexanal, octanal, and nonanal and the cucujolide pheromones ofOryzaephilus spp. The males of a sixth cucujid species,Cathartus quadricollis (Guér) produce a different aggregation pheromone, (3R,6E)-7-methyl-6-nonen-3-yl acetate. Trapping ofCryptolestes andOryzaephilus spp. in cardboard traps baited with pheromones is efficient in environments mimicking food-storage areas. Pheromone-baited plastic probe traps are the most efficient at capturing these species in infested grain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014251
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation pheromone of square-necked grain beetle,Cathartus quadricollis (Guér.) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 2169-2184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cathartus quadricollis (Guér.) ; square-necked grain beetle ; Coleoptera ; Cucujidae ; aggregation pheromone ; (3R,6E)-7-methyl-6-nonen-3-yl acetate ; (E)-7-methyl-6-nonen-3-one ; (E)-7-methyl-6-nonen-3-ol ; (6E)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-nonadienyl acetate ; 1-octen-3-ol ; repellent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When feeding on rolled oats, male square-necked grain beetles,Cathartus quadricollis (Guér.), produced the aggregation pheromone (3R,6E)-7-methyl-6-nonen-3-yl acetate, for which the trival name “quadrilure” is proposed. The pheromone was highly attractive to both sexes in a two-choice, pitfall olfactometer modified to retain responding beetles by placing a food stimulus (an oat flake) in the glass vials containing the experimental and control stimuli. TheS enantiomer of the pheromone was inactive. Males also produced small amounts of (E)-7-methyl-6-nonen-3-one, (E)-7-methyl-6-nonen-3-ol, and (6E)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-nonadienyl acetate, but these compounds were inactive in the laboratory bioassay. Segregated males and females both produced (R)-(−)-1-octen-3-ol, which by itself was repellent to both sexes but did not diminish beetle response to the aggregation pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014023
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial inhibition of pheromone production inDendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) by polysubstrate monooxygenase inhibitors (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 529-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; pheromones ; trans-verbenol ; ipsdienol ; allelochemicals ; mixed-function oxidases ; monooxygenase inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female and male mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, were treated topically with piperonyl butoxide or sesame oil, both of which are known to inhibit poly substrate monooxygenase activity. Beetles then exposed to vapors of the host monoterpenes α-pinene and myrcene were found to contain reduced levels of the pheromonestrans-verbenol and ipsdienol, as well as a buildup of monoterpene precursors. Polysubstrate monooxygenase enzymes appear to be at least partially responsible for the detoxification of host monoterpenes and for the production of terpene alcohol pheromones in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013904
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of adultDiabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to corn silks and analysis of the host-finding response (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 635-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Rootworm adults ; Diabrotica spp. ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; attraction ; corn ; flight tunnel ; ethograms ; host finding ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile chemicals from corn silks attractedDiabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte andD. barberi (Smith and Lawrence). The behavioral response of both species of beetles to the host plant was typified by four distinct phases: perception, random movement, orientation to the source, and search with reorientation. The perception phase was composed of stationary behaviors, while the random, orientation, and search phases were composed of directed and nondirected movements. Each of the movement phases had a characteristic response pattern composed of the ratio of upwind, lateral, and downwind walking and flight movements, which affected net displacement of the beetle in the flight tunnel. The perception phase occurred within and between the other phases and was responsible for initiating changes from one movement phase to another (based on the presence or absence of volatiles from corn silks). Host finding was flexible, and the response pattern fit a flow-chart type of response, rather than a single stereotyped sequence of behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013912
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of adult sweet potato weevils,Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to sweet potato leaf and root volatiles (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1095-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sweet potato weevil ; Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Ipomoea batatas ; sweet potato volatiles ; sesquiterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A dual-choice olfactometer was developed to study the responses of sweet potato weevils,Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), to volatiles from the sweet potato,Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Both males and females were attracted by volatiles from sweet potato leaves and a methylene chloride leaf extract. Females, but not males, responded to volatiles from storage roots and a methylene chloride root extract. Leaves and storage roots from four sweet potato cultivars (Centennial, Jewel, Resisto, and Regal) were attractive to female weevils; however, the attractant response varied with cultivar. GC profiles from leaf and root extracts, and GC-MS analysis of leaf extract, for Jewel cultivar enabled the volatile peaks to be identified as sesquiterpenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015202
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field responses of certain forest Coleoptera to conifer monoterpenes and ethanol (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1729-1745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomones ; host attraction ; monoterpenes ; ethanol synergism ; turpentine ; trapping ; Cerambycidae ; Scolytidae ; Curculionidae ; Cleridae ; Buprestidae ; Dryocetes autographus ; Monochamus scutellatus ; Hylobius pales ; Coleoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Field experiments using baited sticky stovepipe traps and Lindgren multiple funnel traps were done near Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, to determine the effects of conifer monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, camphene and carene) and ethanol on the number of beetles captured. Several species of conifer-feeding beetles were attracted to the monoterpenes or to monoterpenes and ethanol, including species in the families Cerambycidae (Asemum striatum, Acmaeops proteus, Xylotrechus undulatus, Monochamus scutellatus), Curculionidae (Pissodes strobi, Hylobius pales), and Scolytidae (Dryocetes autographus, Ips grandicollis). Species of Buprestidae generally did not respond to the monoterpenes or to ethanol. Species of Cleridae (Thanasimus dubius, Enoclerus nigripes rufiventris, Enoclerus nigrifrons gerhardi) which are predators of conifer bark beetles were attracted to the monoterpenes. Synergism between monoterpenes and ethanol was evident forM. scutellatus, H. pales, andD. autographus. While α-pinene was the most potent attractant for most beetle species, monoterpenes other than α-pinene synergized attraction to ethanol forD. autographus. Attraction of beetles to commercial turpentine and ethanol did not differ significantly from attraction to a pure monoterpene blend and ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012261
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pygidial secretions ofPasimachus subsulcatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) deter predation byEumeces inexpectatus (Squamata: Scincidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1033-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defensive mechanism ; avoidance response ; Eumeces inexpectatus ; Pasimachus subsulcatus ; Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; lizard ecology ; lizard predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The carabid beetlePasimachus subsulcatus is an abundant ground-dwelling insect in west central Florida that exudes a powerful mucous membrane irritant when disturbed. This secretion can be sprayed over 10 cm from the abdominal tip. The southeastern five-lined skink,Eumeces inexpectatus, is an abundant insectivorous lizard sympatric withPasimachus. We assessed the availability ofPasimachus toEumeces and found it to be within the foraging microenvironment of the lizard. Analysis ofEumeces gut contents and field feeding trials indicate thatPasimachus are not ingested by the lizard, yet arthropods of comparable size and exoskeletal thickness are ingested. The movement response ofEumeces to isolatedPasimachus secretion constituents, conducted in a modified Y-maze laboratory experiment, was used to assess the repellent capabilities of the secretion.Eumeces are consistently repelled byPasimachus secretion constituents, indicating that the beetle is protected chemically from the lizard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015197
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-activity studies on aggregation pheromone components ofPityogenes chalcographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 685-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Synergism ; aggregation pheromone ; Pityogenes chalcographus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; chalcogran ; methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate ; enantiomers ; isomers ; stereoisomers ; synthesis ; bioassay ; structure-activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Syntheses of all four Stereoisomers (2S,5S; 2S,5R;2R,5R; and2R,5S) of chalcogran, a major component of the aggregation pheromone ofPityogenes chalcographus, and of all four isomers (2Z,4Z; 2Z,4E; 2E,4E; and 2E,4Z) of methyl 2,4-decadienoate (MD), the second major pheromone component, are briefly described. Attraction responses of walking beetles of both sexes were tested to mixtures of the synergistic pheromone components or analogs. These bioassays showed that theE,Z isomer of MD is the most active when tested with chalcogran. When tested with (E,Z)-MD, (2S,5R)-chalcogran was the most active stereoisomer, while 2R,5R and 2R,5S isomers had intermediate activities, and the 2S,5S isomer was inactive. There was no evidence that the relatively less active Stereoisomers of chalcogran inhibited or promoted attraction to (2S,5R)-chalcogran with (E,Z)-MD. Male beetles only produce the activeE,Z isomer of MD (inactive alone) and their hindguts contain the most active (2S,5R)- and least active (2S,5S)-chalcogran. A mixture of all MD isomers with racemic chalcogran was not significantly different in attractivity compared to (E,Z)-MD with racemic chalcogran, indicating no synergistic or inhibitory effects of the inactive isomers of MD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014711
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host plant iridoid-based chemical defense of an aphid,Acyrthosiphon nipponicus, against ladybird beetles (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1837-1845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defense ; deterrent ; sequestration ; iridoid glycoside ; paederoside ; Acyrthosiphon nipponicus ; Homoptera ; aphid ; Aphididae ; Harmonia axyridis ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; Paederia scandens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A Rubiaceae-feeding aphid,Acyrthosiphon nipponicus, is seldom attacked by the ladybird beetle,Harmonia axyridis. A potent deterrent against the beetle was isolated from the aphid and identified as paederoside, an iridoid glycoside originating in the aphid's host,Paederia scandens. The iridoid content was as high as 2% of the intact body weight, and a large portion was found in the cornicle secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012270
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saw-toothed grain beetleOryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1015-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Saw-toothed grain beetle ; Oryzaephilus surinamensis ; Coleoptera ; Silvanidae ; aggregation pheromone ; electroantennogram ; behavioral bioassay ; blend ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The antennal and behavioral responses of the saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis, to the three components of its male-produced aggregation pheromone were investigated. EAG recordings showed no differences between the responses of the two sexes to the synthetic pheromone components. In contrast, laboratory behavioral assays demonstrated marked differences between the sexes. More females than males were consistently attracted to mixtures of the synthetic components, and this bias appeared to be caused by one component in the blend. Altering the blend ratio resulted in changes in the ratio of the sexes attracted. Thus, if, as suggested by preliminary work, males vary the blend produced, this should alter the relative response of the sexes to the aggregation pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015196
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of pheromone component odor plumes of western pine beetle (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 2143-2157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; pheromone ; synergism ; plumes ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; myrcene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The relationships between catch ofD. brevicomis LeC. at sources of the synergistic pheromone components,exo-brevicomin (E) and frontalin (F), and increasing distance of separation of sources were investigated in the forest. The two components were each released with the host monoterpene, myrcene (M), in trap pairs. The traps of each pair were spaced apart at various distances (0–16 m) in either horizontal or vertical lines that were perpendicular to the mean wind direction. Both sexes were most strongly attracted when the two components were released from the same source, and increasing distance of separation between components caused exponential decreases in trap catch for all trap configurations. Males were significantly more attracted to traps with E, M alone than to corresponding traps with F, M alone, while females exhibited a preference for F, M. The theoretical relationships and properties of two coalescing plumes of individual components and their intersecting “active space” are presented and discussed. It is proposed that “confusion” or “communication disruption” techniques for insect control may be more successful if components are released individually from many points rather than released similarly in blends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012563
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field response of spruce bark beetle,Ips typographus, to aggregation pheromone candidates (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 701-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol ; cis-verbenol ; trans-verbenol ; myrtenol ; trans-myrtanol ; 2-phenylethanol ; ipsdienol ; subtractive assay ; Ips typographus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Picea abies ; host volatiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Six compounds previously identified from hindguts of unmated maleIps typographus (L.) during host colonization: 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB),cis-verbenol (cV),trans-verbenol (tV), myrtenol (Mt),trans-myrtanol (tM), and 2-phenylethanol (PE), were tested for their attractivity in the field with a subtractive method. The amounts of MB and cV released from a pipe trap were similar to those given off from the commercial bait Ipslure as well as that from a Norway spruce tree,Picea abies (L.) Karst., under mass attack. The blend of the compounds became nonattractive when either MB or cV was subtracted, while subtraction of any of the other four compounds had no effect. Addition of ipsdienol (Id) to the blend did not significantly increase the attraction. In a second comparative test, the addition of three compounds as a group (tV + Mt + PE) to MB + cV again had no effect on the attraction, but the addition of Id increased the catch somewhat. Addition of host logs to a bait releasing MB + cV at a rate lower than in previous experiments did not influence the attraction to pipe traps. Sticky traps containing natural pheromone sources (50 males in a log), which released 1–5 mg/day of MB as determined by aerations with deuterated MB as internal standard, were less attractive than a synthetic source releasing similar amounts of MB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020153
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semiochemical attractants ofDiabrotica undecimpunctata howardi barber, southern corn rootworm, andDiabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, the western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 959-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diabrotica ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; western com rootworm ; southern corn rootworm ; northern corn rootworm ; attractants ; semiochemicals ; veratrole ; estragole ; trans-anethole ; indole ; eugenol ; phenylacetaldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract During the summers of 1984 and 1985, a variety of structurally related benzenoid compounds was evaluated in sweet corn plots as attractants for adult southern corn rootworms (SCR), western com rootworms (WCR), and northern corn rootworms (NCR). Field response to the volatiles was measured by beetle counts on baited cylindrical sticky traps placed inside the corn plots at a height of l m above ground level. SCR adults were attracted late in the season (last week of August through September, 1984 and 1985) to numerous aromatic compounds, including phenylacetaldehyde, benzyl acetone, phenethyl alcohol, phenyl acetate, indole, veratrole, methyl eugenol, methyl isoeugenol, eugenol, and isoeugenol. Although many compounds attracted SCR adults late in the season, only veratrole, phenylacetaldehyde, and chavicol were significantly active in early and middle August 1985. WCR adults were attracted to a different group of compounds, namely estragole,trans-anethole, and indole. Estragole (4-methoxy-1-allylbenzene) was an effective WCR attractant from corn tasseling in early August 1985, until the end of the trapping period in late September and early October 1985. Indole andtrans-anethole (4-methoxy-1-propenylbenzene) were less effective attractants than estragole and were most active at the beginning and/or end of the corn season. Traps baited with 100 mg of estragole caught an average of 20 times more WCR adults than unbaited control traps, and the females outnumbered the males in the baited traps. Estragole dosage tests were conducted in three sweet corn plots on different dates in 1985 and the minimum effective dose ranged between 5 and 30 mg/trap. Field tests with structural analogs revealed the importance of the site of unsaturation in the allylic side chain of estragole and the effect of different ring substituents on WCR response. The phenylpropanoids, eugenol and isoeugenol, significantly attracted NCR adults, even though these beetles were in low abundance in the test corn plots. Field tests indicate there is no cross-species response by WCR and NCR adults to their related phenylpropanoid attractants. However, in late August, SCR adults do respond to some WCR and NCR attractants (indole and several eugenol analogs). Electroantennographic analysis of SCR males revealed they can perceive peripherally a wide range of benzenoid compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020175
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding deterrent compounds to the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis Boheman in Rose-of-Sharon,Hibiscus syriacus L. (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1087-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Boll weevil ; Anthonomus grandis Boh. ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Rose-of-Sharon ; Hibiscus syriacus L. ; feeding deterrent ; unsaturated fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Rose-of-Sharon,Hibiscus syriacus (L.), can be a significant alternate host plant for the boll weevil,Anthonomus gradis (Boh.). Boll weevils are known to be deterred from feeding and ovipositing in the buds unless the calyx is removed. This investigation was initiated to identify calyx allelochemicals that deter feeding with the eventual strategy of breeding for cotton lines high in these allelochemicals in the appropriate tissues. The feeding deterrency of calyx tissue from the buds of Rose-of-Sharon for the boll weevil was confirmed. The most active deterrent fraction was found to contain mostly fatty acids and their methyl esters. Saturated fatty acids and their methyl esters were generally found to be stimulatory, while the unsaturated species were found to be deterrent. Higher quantities of the fatty acids, particularly the unsaturated species, were found in Rose-of-Sharon calyx tissue than in the buds without calyx. This supports the hypothesis developed through the isolational work and testing of standards that the unsaturated fatty acids are significant deterrents of boll weevil feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020540
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols with commercial lipases (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1279-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diabrotica sp ; kinetic resolution ; lipase ; methyl carbinol ; Mucor miehei ; pheromone ; western corn rootworm ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The relative rates of enzyme-catalyzed esterification of the enantiomers of 2-octanol with various acids were determined for several commercial lipases. Interesterifications and hydrolyses of racemic 2-octanol esters catalyzed by these enzymes were also examined. Novo'sMucor miehei lipase exhibited considerable enantioselectivity and was therefore employed to prepare 8-methyl-2-decanols with high configurational purity at the carbinol carbon. Esters of these alcohols had been previously identified as sexually attractive to several rootworm (Diabrotica) species, and the stereochemistry of those esters had been shown to be critical to the attraction. The enzymatic resolution provides a convenient method to obtain such esters in a desired state of configurational purity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020554
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition stimulants for the beetle,Monochamus alternatus hope, in inner bark of pine (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 507-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Monochamus alternatus Hope ; Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; pine inner bark ; methanol extracts ; water extracts ; oviposition stimulants ; lightwood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Field and laboratory ovipositional responses ofMonochamus alternatus Hope, respectively, to methanol and water extracts from pine inner bark were examined in comparison with those to pine inner bark, especially using a laboratory-built apparatus for the latter bioassay. Irrespective of the existence of volatiles from paraquat-induced lightwood, pine inner bark and its methanol and water extracts stimulated ovipositional response only in the presence of free moisture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014696
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory orientation responses by walking femaleIps paraconfusus bark beetles (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1147-1159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips paraconfusus ; bark beetles ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; olfaction ; orientation ; anemotaxis ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Synthetic pheromone was released from a dispenser stretched across the width of a wind tunnel. Beetles in pheromone-free wind wandered in all directions and did not appear to orient to the wind. A dosage series showed that pheromone decreased the walking rate and deviations from the upwind direction, and it increased the turning rate. The tracks were composed of relatively straight or gently curving sections interspersed with more infrequent, larger course adjustments. Although pheromone clearly affected the average heading of beetles within a treatment, any given individual exposed to pheromone did not necessarily head directly upwind or maintain a fixed absolute angle with respect to the wind direction. The response appeared to be an inaccurate anemotaxis, rather than an anemomenotaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014818
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of phosphorus availability on modelling phytoplankton dynamics (1986)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 20 (1986), S. 225-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: phosphorus ; bioavailability ; nutrient/phytoplankton modelling ; eutrophication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Regulation of phosphorus loading is considered to be the primary method of eutrophication control for many lake systems. It is therefore necessary to have accurate estimates of the forms and bioavailability of all phosphorus sources in order to develop the most cost effective load control measures. Research at Clarkson University, aimed at improving the accuracy of estimates of the form and reactivity of phosphorus loadings to Lake Erie, has revealed a significant difference between the algal-availability of allochthonous and autochthonous particulate phosphorus. This paper presents the results of modifying an existing multi-nutrient phytoplankton model by separating allochthonous phosphorus into three forms: soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) — immediately available for algal uptake; external ultimately-available phosphorus—not immediately available but converted to an available form at a specific rate; an external refractory phosphorus (ERP)—not available while in the water column. Comparisons between the original and modified models showed that the modified phosphorus dynamics proved to be a viable alternative to the concept of invoking an unexplained soluble phosphorus water column loss term, employed in the original model. The work also demonstrates that the distinction is significant for lakes receiving a significant portion of their external phosphorus load in a particulate (not immediately available) form and having a morphometry and hydrology such that this particulate phosphorus remains in the water column for longer than about two weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02291165
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus accumulation in sediments and internal loading (1986)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 20 (1986), S. 213-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: phosphorus ; sediment ; accumulation ; internal loading ; model ; mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two simple conceptual approaches for the description of phosphorus accumulation and release from sediments are presented. The first model is a mass-balance over the well-mixed top-layer, and demonstrates the enhanced initial effect of sediment dilution on the long-term accumulation, which is magnified in the resulting internal loading, as a consequence of diffusive and advective transport, chemical equilibria, and mineralization. Two assumptions for the spatial distribution of mineralization are evaluated in two sets of analytical solutions for a number of boundary conditions. Results of model calculations are compared with some field data of Loosdrecht Lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02291164
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of phosphorus limitation of the diatomAsterionella Formosa on the zoospore production of its fungal parasiteRhizophydium Planktonicum (1987)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 21 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: Asterionella ; Rhizophydium ; chytrids ; parasitism ; phosphorus ; phytoplankton succession
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of phosphorus limitedAsterionella on the zoospore production of its fungal parasiteRhizophydium planktonicum was measured, using laboratory cultures of host and parasite. At saturated phosphorus concentrations the host reached a specific growth rate of 0.95.d−1. Growing on these host cells, the mean parasite zoospore production was 26 spores per sporangium, and the mean development time of a sporangium was 45 hours. Growing on phosphorus limited hosts, the zoospore production decreased to less then 9 spores per sporangium, and the development time decreased to 40 hours. On phosphorus limited hosts, zoospores were produced at a slower rate. The algal growth rate was reduced to a greater extent than the fungal growth rate. Therefore, it could be concluded that phosphorus limitation ofAsterionella will facilitate the development of an epidemic of its parasiteRhizophidium, at least at high diatom densities, when possible differences in infectability of the algae play a minor role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02255454
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the oral mucosa in rats exposed to high concentrations of phosphorus (1986)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 101 (1986), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: phosphorus ; oral mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00836099
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of light intensity on root growth, mycorrhizal infection and phosphate uptake in onion (Allium cepa L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Allium ; light intensity ; mycorrhiza ; phosphorus ; root growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02139935
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth and phosphorus and zinc nutrition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in an Oxisol from subtropical Australia (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: growth ; nutrition ; peanuts ; phosphorus ; VA mycorrhizae ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Peanut plants (cv. Shulamit) were grown in an Oxisol soil in pots in the glasshouse to assess effects of soil sterilization and inoculation with spores of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) on the response to five rates of phosphorus (0 to 240 kg P ha−1) and two rates of zinc (0 and 10 kg Zn ha−1) fertilizers. Both P and Zn nutrition were affected by VAMF activity but the dominant role of VAMF in this soil type was in uptake of P. In the absence of VAMF there was a clear threshold level of P application (60 kg P ha−1) below which plants grew poorly, which resulted in a sigmoidal response of dry matter to applied P. The maximum response was not fully defined because dry matter production continued to increase up to 240 kg P ha−1. Tissue P concentration of non-mycorrhizal plants increased linearly with P rate and was always significantly less than that in mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants responded without threshold to increasing P rate, attaining maximum dry matter at 120 kg P ha−1 in inoculated sterilized soil and at 30 kg P ha−1 in nonsterile soil. These differences in maximal P rates and in the greater dry matter produced in sterile soil at high P rates were attributed to the negative effects of the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne hapla in nonsterile soil. Plant weight did not respond to zinc fertilizer but tissue Zn concentration increased with applied Zn. Tissue Zn concentration and uptake were increased by VAMF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206256
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of field-grown chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to phosphorus fertilization for yield and nitrogen fixation (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: chickpea ; phosphorus ; nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Application of phosphorus at 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg P2O5 ha−1 in the presence of a uniform dressing of nitrogen (N) and potash (K2O) each applied at 20 and 24 kg ha−1 to chickpea (CM-88) grown in sandy loam soil in a replicated field experiment improved the nodulation response of the crop, increased its grain yield (ka ha−1) by 18, 59, 40 and 14 percent, biomass yield (ka ha−1) by 32, 32, 54 and 14 percent, biomass N (kg ha−1) by 31, 48, 49, 19 percent, and biomass P (kg ha−1) by 26, 40, 41 and 11 percent, respectively. The effect of phosphorus on the nitrogenase activity of the excised roots of chickpea was, however, inconsistent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02203091
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phosphorus on the morphology of VA mycorrhizal root system of leek (Allium porrum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 119 (1989), S. 334-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Allium porrum L. ; phosphorus ; root growth ; root morphology ; VAM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Leek plants were raised on sterilized soil/sand medium amended with Ca(H2PO4)2. H2O ranging up to 750 mg Pkg−1. Addition of P increased total root length by increasing the initiation of laterals, which extended at a constant rate. This change in root growth was paralleled by the P inflow into the plant, but not by the P concentration of the plant, suggesting that it is the rate of P uptake which affects root branching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370427
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of C, N and P content of a tropical semiarid soil as affected by soil genesis, erosion and land clearing (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 119 (1989), S. 337-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon ; erosion ; land clearing ; nitrogen ; noncalcic brown soils ; phosphorus ; spatial variability ; xerosols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Several transects of topsoil samples were taken immediately after land clearing and one year later from a savannah soil in the semiarid NE of Brazil. Natural spatial variability of key fertility indicators (C, N, P) was large with coefficients of variation 〉50%. This variability was related to heterogeneity of the soil parent material, and to relative slope position which affected deposition and removal of erodible materials. The distribution of gravel and different particle size fractions was an indicator of the variability as related to soil formation and erosional resorting. One year after the site was cleared and planted to trees, the decrease in C, N and resin-extractable P was in the same range as the initial spatial variability. Treatment effects were therefore difficult to observe but became more obvious when regression analysis on soil textural components was used to reduce data variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370428
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ ion exchange resin bags to estimate forest site quality (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 119 (1989), S. 186-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonium ; calcium ; forest soil ; ion exchange resin ; magnesium ; manganese ; nitrate ; phosphorus ; soil analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cation and anion exchange resin bags were placed just under the humus layer at five adjacent forest sample sites with differing site quality classes in order to assess the available nutrient supply. For comparison, humus samples were collected from the same sites. Nutrients were extracted from humus samples by conventional extraction methods and by shaking together with ion exchange resin bags. Ca and Mg corresponded best to differences in site quality class, of all analysed ions in thein situ resin bag eluates. Thein situ resin bag adsorption of NH4−N, Na and Mn also showed a positive correlation with site quality. The adsorption of PO4−P was negatively correlated to site quality class. Inadequate amounts of exchange resin, or leaving resin bagsin situ for too long a time result in the replacement of already adsorbed ions by ions with higher ion exchange constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370284
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes onDiphucephala affinis (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) associated with flowers ofHibbertia andAcacia in Western Australia (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 168 (1989), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Dilleniaceae ; Hibbertia hypericoides ; Mimosaceae ; Acacia ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Diphucephala ; Beetle/plant associations ; non-pollinator ofHibbertia ; potentialAcacia pollinator ; Flora of Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Notes are provided on the association of the beetleDiphucephala affinis (Scarabaeidae) with yellow flowers ofHibbertia hypericoides, H. huegelii (Dilleniaceae),Acacia pulchella, andA. stenoptera (Mimosaceae). Observations were undertaken during September 9–19, 1979 at S. Perth, Western Australia. They indicated thatD. affinis is not a pollinator ofHibbertia as suggested in the literature, but may play a small role in the pollination of someAcacia species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of P, K, and liming on soil pH, Al, Mn, K, and forage barley dry matter yield and quality for a newly-cleared Cryorthod (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminum ; Cryorthod ; dry matter yield ; fertilization ; forage barley ; liming ; managanese ; phosphorus ; potassium ; protein ; soil pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Forage barley dry matter yield and quality, as well as soil pH, Al, and Mn were monitored in response to P, K, and lime application on a newly cleared Typic Cryorthod (Orthid Podzol). The overall yearly yield level was affected by precipitation. Without liming soil acidification occurred after three years of production. The liming rate of 2.2 Mg.ha−1 was found optimal for maintaining initial pH levels (5.66) and increasing forage barley yields. It was also found optimum for K and P utilization for these first years of production. Soil pH dropped an average of 0.33 units over the three years on unlimed P plots and 0.46 units over 4 years on K plots. Phosphorus and K fertilization increased N utilization and resulted in decreased soil acidification. Phosphorus availability was greater in the first year of cropping than in subsequent years, this was likely due to the effects of higher available moisture, liming release of native P, and effects of initial fertilization. There was a 148% increase in total dry matter yield and an 85% increase in protein yield of forage barley with P application. Liming increased total forage barley yields an average of 69% and total protein yields 48%. Reduced barley yields in unlimed plots were due to low soil pH. After two years of cultivation, unlimed plots contained exchangeable Al and soluble Mn levels reported toxic for other soils. The higher liming rates of 4.4 and 6.6 Mg.ha−1 reduced soluble Mn to near critically low levels. soil Al and Mn were highly correlated to pH. Soil exchangeable Al, Mn, and soluble Mn along with tissue Al were inversely correlated to percentage yield. The average yield respone to three levels of applied K, increased from zero initially to 67% by the fourth year. Total dry-matter production increased 32% and total protein yield increased an average of 32% and total protein yield increased an average of 15% with K fertilization over four years. About 60% of the yield response occurred between the 0 and 22kg K.ha−1 rates. Initial soil exchangeable K levels were not maintained even at the highest 66kg K.ha−1 treatment. Soil exchangeable Al and soluble Mn were elevated with dropping pH. Soil K reserves and resupply of exchangeable K in these soils over the long term will be an important factor in crop production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372527
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...