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  • Articles  (236,315)
  • Springer  (143,204)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (93,111)
  • 1985-1989  (93,462)
  • 1975-1979  (79,219)
  • 1970-1974  (63,634)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (232,892)
  • Philosophy  (3,423)
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  • Articles  (236,315)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifetime of the propagating species in the cationic polymerization of p-methoxystyrene (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lifetime of the propagating species and initiation rate constants (ki) were evaluated for the cationic polymerization of p-methoxystyrene initiated by I2, CH3SO3H, BF3O(C2H5)2, and SnCl4. The lifetime was found to be fairly long, ranging from 0.2 to several seconds in 1,2-dichloroethane at 30°C; that for the intermediate generated by iodine (2–6 s) much exceeded the others. The ki value increased in the order: I2 〈 CH3SO3H ≪ BF3O(C2H5)2 ∼ SnCl4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280959
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The volume of activation of the spontaneous aquation of Co(NH3)5Br2+ catalysed by anionic polyelectrolytes (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spontaneous aquation reaction of Co(NH3)5Br2+ was enhanced by addition of sodium polyethylenesulfonate, an anionic polyelectrolyte. The volume of activation was negative in the absence of the macroions and positive in their presence. This suggests that the macroions dehydrate the activated complex more strongly than the reactants, if it may be attributed solely to the solute-solvent interaction term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280960
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexation of synthetic bilayers with water-soluble polymers (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The morphological influence of water-soluble polymers on the aqueous bilayer aggregate (vesicle and/or lamella) of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide was investigated by electron microscopy. Positively charged polymers and uncharged polymers either destroyed the aggregate or was ineffective. On the other hand, the negatively-charged copolymer of acrylamide and acrylate separated the bilayer and produced smaller vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280963
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The “template-effect” of water in acrylonitrile polymerization (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280965
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternating copolymerizations of dioxaphospholanes with acrylic acid derivatives and with α-keto acids. New synthesis of polyphosphonates (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280966
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic oligomerization of isobutylene oxide (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280969
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of propylene over titanium exchanged Y-zeolite (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 665-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It was found that isotactic polymerization of propylene took place over titanium ion-exchanged Y-zeolite without organometallic compounds. The results obtained have led to the conclusions that Ti4+ species as well as Ti3+ species are active for the polymerization and that neither Ti-alkyl bonds nor Cl ligands are necessarily essential for polymerization of propylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255440
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers from 1-phenyl-2-(3-vinylphenylthio)-diazen and styrene and grafting with acrylonitrile (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 679-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new azo monomer (2) was synthesized and copolymerized with styrene. The resulting azo copolymer could be used as an initiator for the acrylonitrile polymerisation yielding grafted copolymers. Quantitative treatment of the grafting experiments leads to the conclusion that the intermediate thiyl radicals show less reactivity towards monomers than phenyl radicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255442
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymeric coordination complexes of some bipositive metal ions with 5,5′-(benzidinebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 685-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Coordination chain polymers of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), zn(II), and Cd(II) with 5,5-(benzidinebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline were synthesized by refluxing a mixture of metal acetate hydrates and ligand (1∶1) in DMSO. From analytical data an empirical formula of ML.2H2O is indicated. Ir spectra reveal coordination through O and N of oxine units, thus forming the polymeric chain; presence of coordinated water is also indicated. Magnetic moments and electronic spectra suggest octahedral geometry around the central metal ion. Besides the presence of 2H2O, TGA shows the order of thermal stability as : Cd∼Zn〉 Mn〉 Co∼Ni∼Cu〉Fe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255443
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(amidine)s and poly(guanidine)s — synthesis and some properties (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 715-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Synopsis Several poly(amidine) and poly(guanidine) copolymers and their hydrochloride salts were synthesized by introducing the functional groups into suitable polymers. The properties of the resulting copolymers were investigated by base and acid titration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255447
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Load transfer through chain molecules after interpenetration at interfaces (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 697-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of PMMA samples of different molecular weights and degrees of copolymerisation have been tested for their crack-healing behavior. Slightly above Tg, a diffusional interpenetration of chain segments takes place. The fracture toughness in the plane of the interpenetrated interface was measured in short- and longtime experiments. After very short penetration times of only 5 min, full material resistance was regained in short-time experiments, whereas the long-time properties were not restored. A qualitative explanation of these effects, based on structural parameters, is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255445
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of acrylic acid onto polypropylene fibres (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 727-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255449
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of some new divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl)phthalate (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 723-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl)phthalate (HEP) were considered to be of interest as difunctional ionic monomers and are useful for the preparation of condensation polymers. Recently, Matsuda1 reported the preparation of Ca, Mg and Zn salts of mono-(hydroxyethyl)phthalate and their polymers2–7. He prepared these salts by the reaction of HEP with the respective divalent metal oxides. But so far there was no report on the preparation of Pb2+ and Mn2+ salts of HEP. Since metal dicarboxylates can be obtained by the reaction of organic dibasic acids and metal acetates8, Pb2+ and Mn2+ acetates can similarly react with HEP to give their respective salts at the optimum temperature. We report here the synthesis and characterisation of Pb2+ and Mn2+ salts of mono(hydroxyethyl)-phthalate (HEP).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255448
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cooling rate on the viscoelastic properties in the plastic zone of solid polymers (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 743-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract PMMA and PC samples were subjected to several cooling rates from the glass transition temperature. Stress-relaxation data, obtained with these samples under strains larger than the yield strain, were not influenced by the cooling rate previously experienced by the material. This shows that after yielding the effect of previous aging is quickly erased; similar indications, drawn from calorimetric measurements, were already available in (11–12).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256274
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of graft copolymers as enzyme supports (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 749-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new type of polymer support for immobilizing enzymes, a copolymer grafted onto nylon was investigated. Polyacrylamide was used and successfully coupled to β-galactosidase (from yeast and bacteria) using two different methods to give activities of the order of 5 units/g of polymer for the yeast enzyme, and 156 units/g for the E.coli enzyme. Lactose did not affect the yield. The azide method gave better results than the glutaraldehyde method. β-galactosidase coupled enzyme was fairly stable but not as good as the free enzyme. Papain was also coupled to the polyacrylamide grafted nylon using both methods; the glutaraldehyde gave better results with 1.5mg of enzyme being coupled for each gram of polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256275
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aqueous thermal polycondensation of asparagine and isoasparagine and the structure of polyaspartic acid (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Both asparagine and isoasparagine were converted into polyaspartic acids by refluxing the corresponding aqueous solutions at neutral pH in the presence of a salt. The properties of the resulting polyaspartic acids were studied. The dissociation behavior of the carboxyl groups in the polypeptides were studied by the potentiometric titration. The analysis of the titrational data was performed by a modified Speakman's method. The analysis show that both polyaspartic acids prepared from asparagine and isoasparagine have α- and β-aspartyl residues and the ratio of α- and β-aspartyl residues is 75 ∶ 25∼85 ∶ 15. A possible mechanism for the formation of α- and β-aspartyl residues in the polymer was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283067
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Head-to-head polymers X: high resolution NMR spectroscopy of polystyrene and poly(vinyl cyclohexane) (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Conclusions The 13C NMR spectra of H-H PS and H-H PVCH show the influence of the long range order on the chemical shift of several carbons. There is some hope to improve the resolution by the choice of appropriate solvents. The attribution of the lines to specific stereosequences would require the preparation and separation of optically pure dimers and trimers. It is, however, already possible to compare the microstructure of H-H polymers prepared by different chemical ways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283068
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and polymerization of nucleic acid base substituted L-lysine (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly-l-lysines containing nucleic acid bases, that is, adenine, thymine, uracil and theophylline were synthesized. The nucleic acid base substituted l-lysine derivatives were prepared from α,N-Cbz-l-lysine and the p-nitrophenyl esters of the carboxyethyl derivatives of the nucleic acid bases. The polymers were obtained from these l-lysine derivatives by the NCA method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283073
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate stabilization with anthraquinone during alkaline pulping (1978)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Treatment of wood meal with aqueous alkali in the presence of anthraquinone at 80°C leads to a conversion of reducing hexose end groups in the polysaccharides to mannonic and gluconic acid end groups. Xylose end groups are oxidized to xylonic and lyxonic acid groups. This leads to a stabilization of the polysaccharides against endwise alkaline degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283071
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization via zwitterion. 23. Terpolymerization among 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, methyl acrylate, and carbon disulfide (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 243-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The present paper describes the terpolymerization involving 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, methyl acrylate, and carbon disulfide, which took place without any added initiator in benzonitrile or dimethylformamide. The structure and composition of terpolymer were determined by NMR and IR spectra, as well as by elemental analysis. A reaction scheme proceeding via zwitterion was proposed (Eq. 2–5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254332
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of poly(vinyl chloride-g-isobutylene) by BCl3 (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly(vinyl chloride-g-isobutylene) has been synthesized using mildly dehydrochlorinated (NaOH treated) PVC in conjunction with BCl3 coinitiator. Treatment of PVC with NaOH increases initial thermal dehydrochlorination rate and renders the polymer suitable for efficient grafting. Untreated PVC produces negligible grafting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254333
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of thermal decomposition and volatilization of normal alkanes and linear polyethylene (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 347-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The fragmentation of linear polyethylene of high molecular weight, of normal alkanes, and of other nonbranched poly- α- olefins in a pyrolyzer connected with a gas chromatograph was studied previously. From the evaluation of the fragments longer than C11 or than the respective pentamer random decomposition process was suggested for these polymers. This process was described with characteristic cleavage probabilities for the C-C-bonds in the backbone of the chain. It is not possible to apply this simple model to the decomposition of normal alkanes without consideration of the volatilization. An approach to this problem is presented in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045423
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress and recovery maxima in LDPE melt elongation (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary By means of a new tensile rheometer for polymer melts, stress-strain curves σ(ε) and the elastic recovery εR(ε) of a low density polyethylene melt were measured up to total strains ε=7, i.e. stretch λ=1097, at 150°C and two strain rates, ε=0.03 and 0.1 s−1. Tensile tests up to very high strains e give relevant results only if the test performance is characterized by quality parameters which are defined and given in this paper. The test results show a maximum in a as well as in εR at about ε=5.5. Hence, in the range of ε investigated, a rheologically steady-state of flow does not exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284409
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cis-trans isomerization of aromatic azo compounds built in the polyester segment of poly(ester urethanes) (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 517-522 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The photochemical and thermal cis-trans isomerization of 4,4 -(diamido)azobenzene derivative built in the polyester segment of a segmented poly(ester urethane) has been investigated. The photoisomerization in bulk proceeds more slowly than in solution and lower fractions of cis-isomers are reached in the photostationary state. The thermal cis-trans isomerization follows first order kinetics in polymers with amorphous soft phase but can only be described by two simultaneous first order processes in annealed samples. This is attributed to restrictions in the chain segmental mobility; it is assumed that the isomerization behaviour reflects different molecular motions in the bulk polymer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255717
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correspondence between the theory of branching processes and the kinetic theory for random crosslinking in the post-gel stage (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 523-528 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The kinetic theory of crosslinking by step reactions (Kuchanov 1978) may be extended beyond the gel point, and the structure and amount of sol may be described. For random reactions, the kinetic theory yields results identical with the theory of branching processes based on cascade substitution (Gordon 1962, 1975, Dobson 1965). The extension of the kinetic theory may be employed in order to compare deviations between the two theories expected for the dependent reactivities of functional groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254479
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method for investigating the mechanism of initiation of radical polymerization (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 529-534 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The mechanism of initiation of polymerization of methyl acrylate by di-t-butyl peroxalate at 60°C, has been investigated using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl as a radical trapping agent and isolation of the resulting products. The following processes were identified: Tail addition of t-butoxy radicals to monomer, hydrogen abstraction from the methyl group of the monomer and fragmentation of the t-butoxy radicals to methyl radicals followed by tail addition of these to the methyl acrylate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254480
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hindered piperidine derivatives on polypropylene photooxidation (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 647-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The photostabilizing effect of a hindered piperidine derivative was studied in the photooxidation of polypropylene films by following the formation of carbonyl and hydroperoxide groups, as well as the change of concentration of the stabilizer. This additive — the tetramethylpiperidine sebacate — proved to be more effective than hydroxybenzophenone, hydroxybenztriazole or a sulphur containing nickel complex, since no oxidation products were formed after irradiation with 20O Mlxh dose. Addition of the piperidine derivative together with hydroxybenztriazole or with the organic nickel complex was less effective than with hydroxybenzophenone. In latter case concentration of both stabilizers under irradiation decreased at a slower rate than in the case of separate application. The effect of Cyasorb UV 531 and Tinuvin 770 was additive and the spontaneous rupture of the samples took place only after a long period of irradiation (∼ 250 Mlxh).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254145
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
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    Sonic-velocity measurements as a suitable tool for the observation of structural changes in polymeric materials (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 15-20 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The sonic velocity of preoriented PET fibres as a function of temperature was measured in dependence on the degree of orientation, stress applied to the fibres, and heating rate. The results reflect the structural and orientation changes which take place in the range of and above the glass transition temperature.
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    Unusual stress-strain properties of natural rubber vulcanizates with high primary molecular weight (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 29-33 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Natural rubber vulcanizates with high primary molecular weight were prepared by mixing raw rubber and dicumyl peroxide in benzene followed by freeze-drying. The stress-strain properties of these vulcanizates were quite different from those prepared by conventional mastication method. The important characteristics of these vulcanizates is high tensile modulus, high tensile strength, large hysteresis loss, and higher degree of strain-induced crystallization. The difference in the stress-strain behavior between these rubbers and conventional vulcanizates are discussed from the standpoint of the network structure.
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    Stable carbocationic species observed during the oligomerization of p-isopropyl-α-methyistyrene initiated by CH3SO3H in CH2CI2 solution (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 89-89 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264246
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    Importance of junction functionality in highly crosslinked polymers (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 91-96 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A modification of a theoretical model for the determination of the number average molecular weight between crosslinks, ¯Mc, is presented for the case of multifunctional junction functionalities in highly crosslinked, macromolecular systems.
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator transfer agents (inifers) (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 97-102 
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    Notes: Summary Three-arm star polyisobutylenes carrying tert.-chlorine end groups and a phenyl ring at the center of the star (see formula II in the Introduction) have been prepared by a continuous polymerization process. Thus into a stirred glass reactor were fed continuously a mixed feed of monomer plus trinifer (TCC) and a separate feed of BCl3 coinitiator in methyl chloride solvent at −40°C, and the product plus unreacted ingredients were removed continuously. Stationary conditions were maintained by keeping the rates of input and output (i.e., volumes) equal and constant. After a short induction phase (∼2–3 residence times) telechelic polymers of essentially theoretical number average end functionalities (¯Fn=3.0+0.1), close to theoretical molecular weights (¯Mn) and molecular weight distributions were obtained. The polymerization kinetics are discussed and compared to that of an earlier semicontinuous process used for the routine synthesis of telechelic polyisobutylenes.
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    Monotropic liquid crystalline poly(β-thioester)s containing bis (p-oxybenzoate) mesogenic units (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 131-137 
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    Notes: Summary A new series of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(β-thioester)s was prepared by a Michael-type polyaddition of α,ω-polymethylenedithiols of different length to a mesogenic diacrylate containing two bis(p-oxybenzoate) units symmetrically connected through a dodecamethylene segment. The thermotropic behaviour was studied by combined DSC and thermal-optical analyses. All the poly(β-thioester)s investigated exhibited quite unusual monotropic mesomorphism.
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    Preparation of low-density polyethylene composites by UV irradiation (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 163-169 
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    Notes: Summary Composites of low-density polyethylene were prepared by the sorption of vinylic monomers and a photoinitiator into a polymer matrix, followed by UV irradiation. Gravimetric determinations showed that 2–4% incorporation of the polymer in the host matrix is possible by this method. Transmission and reflectance infrared spectra measurements showed that the vinylic polymer is lodged in the bulk of the polymer film with no surfacial deposition.
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    Announcement (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 193-193 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254230
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    Phase behavior of the ternary system solvent: poly(γ-benzyl L-glutemate) and polystyrene (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 517-524 
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    Notes: Summary Phase equilibria were investigated at 80°C for a ternary system involving a solvent benzyl alcohol, a rodlike polymer poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG), and a flexible polymer polystyrene (PS). The fairly dilute solution of the two polymers was isotropic and monophasic. At greater concentrations, it was separated into two isotropic phases. Above an even higher critical concentration of the two polymers, three phases, a cholesteric (A1) and two isotropic phases (I1 and I2), coexisted at equilibrium. PBLG was contained exclusively in the phases A1 and I1, while PS was in the phase I2. The more concentrated solution was separated into a cholesteric phase and an isotropic phase. The latter contained PS but excluded PBLG, These features were discussed on the ground of the Flory theory by considering the polymer compatibility.
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    Initiated oxidation of PE and PP in solution (1986)
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    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 531-537 
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    Notes: Summary A study was made on the oxidation of a low density polyethylene and of an isotactic and an atactic polypropylene in solution. The solvent was 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene and the process was investigated at different temperatures, with varying concentrations of the initiator and of the polymer. Under the experimental conditions, a non-accelerating chain reaction proceeds at the beginning of the process. The equation derived from the proposed simplified mechanism describes consistently the dependences of experimentally measured rates on the concentrations of the initiator and of the polymer.
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    End group analysis of commercial poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether's (1986)
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    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 547-549 
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    Notes: Summary Analysis of the hydroxyl content of a series of commercial poly(ethylene glycol)monomethy1 ethers by means of 360 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy of the trichloroacetyl isocyanate modified polymers has shown that some compounds contain considerable amounts of poly(ethylene glycol).
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    Chromatographic determination of polymer solubility parameters (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 463-467 
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    Notes: Summary Weight fraction activity coefficients (Ω1)∞ and interaction parameters x have been determined for seven different solvents in Polyarylate at three temperatures by the gas chromatographic method (inverse gas chromatography). Data have been used to calculate infinite dilution solubility parameters according to the method proposed by DiPaola-Baranyi and Guillet. The validity of the plots involved in the above mentioned method is also discussed.
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    Compositional sequence distribution and second-order Markov statistics in vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymers by Carbon-13 NMR (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 473-479 
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    Notes: Summary 90 MHz-1H-NMR and 22.635 MHz-13C-NMR spectroscopy were used in a study of vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride co-polymers. Triad sequence distribution of CCl2 and CHCl carbon was generated for these copolymers and compared to calculated distributions based on Bernoullian, first-order Markov and second-order Markov statistics. It was observed that for samples different in the conditions of preparation including commercial materials in each case different Markov models give the best fit in formally mathematical treatment without kinetic significance but with the aim of interpretation of physical and/or chemical properties of the copolymers. The 52–56 ppm region of the VC-VDC copolymer spectra is complicated by the superposition of the effects of tacticity, sequence distribution and the presence of both CH and CH2 carbons.
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    Aromatic polyureas and polythioureas by a new polycondensation reaction using ethylene chlorophosphite as reagent (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 16 (1986), S. 143-146 
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    Notes: Summary Aromatic polyureas and polythioureas are prepared from aromatic diamines and carbon dioxide or carbon disulfide, by a new direct polycondensation reaction with ethylene chlorophosphite as reagent in pyridine as solvent and acceptor for hydrochloric acid at 50–60° for 6–7 hours.
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    Reactive polymers (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 265-270 
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    Notes: Summary Two methods of the synthesis of tributyl ammonium derivatives of glycidyl methacrylate — ethylene dimethacrylate copolymers with various contents of the crosslinking agent were examined. While the two-step process which consists in a reaction with dibutyl amine followed by alkylation with butyl bromide gives products with up to 1.5 mmol/g of required groups, in the case of the single-step reaction of the epoxide group with tributyl amine the content does not exceed 0.4 mmol/g. The use of diamines for increasing the distance between the quaternary group and the polymer backbone does not yield a readily definable product, and cannor therefore become the method of choice.
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    The synthesis and characterization of cationic photoinitiators bearing two and three photoactive triarylsulfonium groups in the same molecule (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 279-286 
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    Notes: Summary A novel series of photoinitiators for cationic polymerization have been prepared which bear two and three photoactive triarylsulfonium groups in the same molecule. These compounds have been fully characterized by means of their UV and C-NMR spectra and liquid chromatography as well as by their elemental analyses. The multifunctional triarylsulfonium salts have been compared among themselves and against monofunctional triarylsulfonium salts in the photoinitiated cationic polymerization of dl-limonene dioxide.
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    Miscibility and melting in poly(butylene terephthalate)/ poly(bisphenol A-carbonate) blends (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 399-406 
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    Notes: Summary The miscibility of blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(bisphenol A-carbonate) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Contrary to previously reported data, PBT and PC were found to be almost completely immiscible over the entire compostion range studied. The minor change in Tg's observed for samples quenched form the melt can be attributed to transesterification at elevated temperatures. The melting behavior and normalized enthalpy of fusion are somewhat dependent on composition but the behavior is erratic.
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    Living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers with a functional group (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 417-423 
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    Notes: Summary Two unsaturated ester-containing vinyl ethers, 2-vinyloxyethyl acrylate $$(\mathop 1\limits_ )$$ and sorbate $$(\mathop 2\limits_ )$$ , were polymerized by the hydrogen iodide/iodine (HI/I2) initiating system in toluene at −15 or −40°C, to give “living” polymers, having a very narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/¯Mn=1.10–1.15) and crosslinkable via their pendant C=C double bonds. The number-average molecular weight of the polymers increased in direct proportion to conversion, and further increased on addition of a new monomer feed to a polymerized reaction mixture. According to 1H and 13C NMR structural analysis, the polymerization proceeds exclusively via the vinyloxyl group of the potentially bifunctional monomers without undesirable side reactions of the unsaturated ester pendants.
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    Copolymerization of methyl- and buthylmethacrylate with electron-donor N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbazolyl methacrylate and electron-acceptor (β-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl methacrylate (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 439-445 
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    Notes: Summary The radical copolymerization of methyl- and butyl methacrylates with an electrondonor monomer: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbazolyl methacrylate and an electron-acceptor monomer: (β-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-methacrylate respectively, in dioxane at 60°C was investigated. The reactivity ratios of the binary systems were computed by using the Kelen-Tüdös method. The azeothropic compositions were established according to the respective copolymerization diagrams.
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    Small-angle X-ray scattering study of halato-telechelic polybutadienes (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 461-468 
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    Notes: Summary The small-angle X-ray scattering curves of carboxy-telechelic polymers exhibit very strong scattering at the lowest angles which points to the presence of large aggregates in the samples. Beyond the position of the main scattering maximum, common to all ionomers, a faint modulation is observed at a position corresponding to a second diffraction order. These observations are discussed with respect to other data in the litterature.
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    Announcement (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 477-477 
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    Polylactones (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 491-495 
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    Notes: Summary Bulk polymerizations of L,L-lactide were conducted at 120 and 180°C, but mainly at 150°C. Magnesium oxide, ethoxide, acetate, stearate, and 2,4-pentane dionate were used as catalysts. Time conversion curves show that at least a temperature of 150°C and a reaction time of 72 h is required for maximum conversion. The highest yields (up to 96 %) were obtained with magnesium oxide. However, all initiators, in particular magnesium oxide, caused racemization which increased with reaction time and temperature. Polymerizations in solutions at temperatures around 100°C failed regardless of the solvent.
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    Polylactones (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 497-502 
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    Notes: Summary L,L-lactide was polymerized in bulk at 120°C, 150 or 180°C by means of various metal oxides, carbonates or carboxylates. Yield, viscosities and optical rotation were measured and compared. Several catalysts enable a nearly complete conversion even at 120°C indicating rapid diffusion of the monomer in the solid reaction mixture. At 180°C only SnO and Sb2O3 proved to be useful catalyst, because they gave within 12 h yields 〉 80% along with an optical purity around 97%. Longer reaction times lead at 180°C to substantial racemization in all cases.
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    Diacetoxyiodobenzene and bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene as photoinitiators for cationic polymerisations (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 523-526 
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    Notes: Summary It is shown that i-butyl vinyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, epichlorhydrin and cyclohexene oxide, which undergo typically cationic polymerisation, are polymerised by UV-irradiation in the presence of diacetoxyiodobenzene or bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene.
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    Investigations on the role of acyl initiators and CO2 in nylon 4 polymerization (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 527-534 
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    Notes: Summary The preparation of high molecular weight nylon 4 with alkali metal pyrrolidonate catalysts, acyl initiators, and CO2 was studied. Isolated sodium pyrrolidonate and the appropriate amount of acyl initiator gave unusually high molecular weight nylon 4 (mw 〉200,000). The molecular weight-initiator concentration relationship indicates that acyl compounds play a dual role in the polymerization, acting both as initiators and scavengers for chain-terminating impurities. One potential chain terminator was identified as 4-aminobutyric acid. The high polymer molecular weights obtained in the presence of CO2 can also be explained by the scavenging of chain terminators by CO2. Determination of the number of growing chains, however, shows that CO2, unlike the acyl compounds, is not an initiator in nylon 4 polymerization.
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    Volume 263, number 11, November 1985 (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. A3 
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    Towards an understanding of stacked base interactions: non-equilibrium phase transitions as a probable model (1986)
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    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 89-91 
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    Notes: Summary The distances of stacked bases of DNA in different conformations can-not be calculated by equilibrium potentials, since they exhibit not more than only one minimum. However, a double potential minimum is obtained by considering the most simple semiclassical model of excitons that are coupled adiabatically to lattice vibrations, hence forming polaritons. By use of Danilov's extended Hückel approximation of DNA excitons, stacked base distances can be calculated that agree fairly well with the experimental data. The errors of this approach are small as compared to the differences of the distances in various conformations. Consequently, this model may work as a first base of understanding molecular interactions in DNA.
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    Polarized Raman spectra of doubly oriented poly(vinyl alcohol) (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 61-66 
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    Notes: Abstract Polarized Raman spectra of doubly oriented samples of atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) have been measured. The great usefulness of such polarized spectra has been clarified for the vibrational analysis. The normal coordinate treatments of syndiotactic and isotactic poly(vinyl alcohol) chain models gave good agreement between the observed and calculated frequencies.
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    Light scattering studies of poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) solutions and films (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 67-72 
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    Notes: Summary Concentrated solutions (〉20 wt%) of poly (γ -benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG) were investigated using small angle light scattering (SALS). The gels and cholesteric liquid crystals formed in PBLG concentrated solutions, were analyzed in terms of theories previously developed for SALS from crystalline polymers. It was found that there are two types of the fibrillar aggregation of α-helices in gels and furthermore, two types of the orientation correlation of α-helices in cholesteric liquid crystals.
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    Functionalization of soluble polymers (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 691-695 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In a second example of the functionalization of soluble polymers the conversion of the hydroxyl groups of poly (oxyethylene) into carboxyl groups is reported. As protected carboxyl component, 4-toluenesulfonyl lactic acid ethyl ester was synthesized and was allowed to react with sodium salt of poly(oxyethylene). Polymer-analogous hydrolysis of the di(lactic acid ethyl ester) poly(oxyethylene) yielded the carboxyl derivative of poly (oxyethylene).
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    Aqueous polymerization of acrylamide initiated by Ce(IV)-thiomalic acid redox system (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 671-678 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The use of a Ce (IV)-thiomalic acid (Ce4+-TMA) redox system as an initiator in the polymerization of acrylamide (M) in an aqueous medium has been investigated. The Ce4+ forms a 1∶1 complex with TMA, decomposing through free radical mechanism in an acid medium. From 5 to 15% conversion the rate equation is $$R_p = - \frac{{d[M]}}{{dt}} = k[M]^{3/2} [Ce^{4 + } ]^x [TMA]$$ where Rp is the rate of polymerization and x is 0.5 or 1.0 depending upon the concentration of monomer. The overall energy of activation has been calculated to be 9.12 k cal. deg−1 mol−1(38.12 kJ/mol) in the investigated range of temperature (25°–40°C) the degree of polymerization (P) of the polymer is directly proportional to [M]. The number of average molecular weight of the polymer remains unaffected at lower concentration of Ce4+ and is found to decrease at higher concentrations. In this investigation the kinetics and mechanism of the Ce(IV)-thiomalic acid (TMA) redox system to initiate the polymerization of acrylamide has been studied. Acrylamide (E. Merck) was purified by usual methods. Thiomalic acid and eerie ammonium sulfate were used without purification. All solutions were p repared in twice distilled water. The polymerization procedure adopted was similar to the one used by MISRA et al. [3, 4]. The polymerization was followed by quantitative estimation of the double bonds in acrylamide as described [8]. A small variable induction period was observed perhaps due tothe residual oxygen in the thiol solution. Curves were plotted after eliminating the induction period. The average molecular weights of the p olymers were determined by viscosity measurements at 30°C in an aqueous medium using the relationship of DAINTON et al. [2]. $$[\eta ] 30^\circ = 6.8 x 10^{ - 4} \bar Mn^{0.66} $$ Where [η]=intrinsic viscosity of the polymer solution and ¯Mn=molecular weight of the sample.
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    Ultrahigh-strength polyethylene filaments by solution spinning and hot drawing (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 733-736 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256272
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    Environmental stress relaxation studies of polymers: effect of ketones on polyethylene and its temperature dependence (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 737-741 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The method of stress relaxation has been used to study the effect of ketones on polyethylene as it changes with temperature. From the observation of the stress relaxation in polyethylene under ketones and its temperature dependence, the activation energy of penetrant-enhanced relaxation of polyethylene caused by ketones were obtained and the effect of ketones on polyethylene were discussed.
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    The use of graft copolymers as enzyme supports (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 755-761 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary β-Galactosidase and glucose oxidase have been immobilized on cellulose-polyacrylamide (C-PAM) graft copolymers, using the azide method or through glutaraldehyde. The original (C-PAM) copolymers were prepared via radiation-induced grafting under controlled conditions by both post-irradiation and simultaneous procedures. The optimum conditions for coupling of the copolymers to the enzymes were established as were the levels of activity of the immobilized enzymes. Grafting by the simultaneous route was seen to be more efficient than postirradiation grafting. Indirect evidence of grafting was found from elemental and thermal analysis. Binding of β-galactoside was found to be more successful than that of glucose oxidase. A relationship between the level of immobilized enzyme activity and the extent of grafting in the copolymer was established for the β-galactosidase system.
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    Thermodynamic study on heat of mixing of polyisobutylene with ethylbenzene (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 763-770 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The heat of mixing of polyisobutylene with ethylbenzene was measured from 18.2 to 69.2° C with a Tian-Calvet twin micro-calorimeter, and the exchange enthalpy parameter X12 in Flory's theory was estimated. The X12 obtained was discussed also in comparison with the one based on Manzini model. Further combining with osmotic pressure data, temperature dependence of the entropy parameter Q12 was referred.
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    Effect of the chiral polymer chain in the anionic polymerization of styrene oxide (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 793-799 
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    Notes: Abstract Styrene oxide of different enantiomeric compositions was polymerized in bulk using a potassium alkoxide initiator. A preferential consumption of the enantiomer in excess was observed. The magnitude of this effect depends on the enantiomeric composition of the initial monomer: the more unbalanced is the latter, the stronger is the stereoelection observed. The stereoelective effect was almost completely suppressed by addition of complexing agents such as crown-ethers or cryptands. The observed phenomena are explained in terms of polymer-chain effects.
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    Kinetic study of the crystallization of stretched polyisobutylene using synchrotron radiation (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 709-714 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The change in the scattering pattern of polyisobutylene fibres following rapid stretching was measured using synchrotron radiation. The half-time for the crystallisation process is approximately 50 seconds. Upon release the crystalline portions disappear immediately.
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    Reactive monomers and polymers containing chiral groups (1986)
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    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 491-495 
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    Notes: Abstract N-(p-methylstyryl)-(1R,2S)-ephedrine is prepared by alkylation of p-chloromethylstyrene under conditions which do not favor quaternization. A series of Copolymerization reactions confirm that the new chiral monomer and styrene copolymerize in random fashion with r1=1.09 and r2=0.98. The optical rotation of the copolymers does not vary linearly with composition. Applications of the copolymer include its use as chiral ligand for asymmetric synthesis or as a separation medium.
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    Preparation and characterization of polymethoxymethylstyrenes1H-13C NMR studies (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 16 (1986), S. 59-66 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary To study the influence of dipolar moments on the permittivity of polymers, three isomeric polymers ortho, meta and para polymethoxystyrenes have been synthesized. Physical properties and NMR studies1H and13C are described.
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    Calculation of kinetic parameters of phase transitions in glassy polymers (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 845-848 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Polymerization of propylene with highly active MgCl2-supported TiCl3 catalyst (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 849-856 
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    Notes: Summary The MgCl2 supported TiCl3 catalyst was prepared by grinding the mixture of TiCl3·3Py and MgCl2 in a ball mill. The catalyst was treated either i.vac. at 50–200°C or with alkylaluminum halides to remove the residual pyridine, and propylene polymerization was conducted at 65°C using the resulting catalysts combined with triethylaluminum. The catalyst treated with diethylaluminum chloride showed an extremely high activity for the polymerization.
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    Two-component hydrogels (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 857-864 
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    Notes: Summary The elastic equations of state for 2-component networks are derived from a joint Gaussian distribution function composed of Gaussians for each component. The free energy of elasticity is then applied to the case of uni-directional deformations for compatible systems. The stress-strain equations are shown to be equivalent to those for a single component network except in the case where the macroscopic strain is sufficient to cause the ratio of average chain lengths of the components to change with the strain. The stress-strain equations are developed for both dry and swollen networks.
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    On the concentration dependence of the elasticity modulus of soybean globulin gels (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 865-869 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The concentration dependence of the elasticity modulus (G) of gels produced by heating soybean globulins (SBG) has been investigated in the concentration range C=7.5–58.4%. The tests included constant rate loading and stress relaxation. The experimental results are presented in the form of a modulus reduction parameter b(C)=G(C) / G(C∘), where C∘=15% corresponds to the standard reference state. Whatever the testing conditions, the results are described by a single smooth curve similar, to a constant factor, to the concentration dependence of the equilibrium elasticity modulus of SBG gels. The experimental relationship b (C) agrees with the theoretical concentration dependence of the equilibrium polymer gel modulus according to Hermanns if it is assumed that the gel-point of SBG, Co=6.6 %. Within an order of magnitude this value of Co is consistent with the experimental data. We have to thank the European Branch Director of Central Soya Intern., Inc., Mr.J.F.Casey for kindly providing us defatted soya flour.
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    The fire-resistance properties of polycarbonates (1979)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 897-907 
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    Notes: Summary This paper describes new fire-resistant bisphenol A and monoalkyl monoalkaline bis(hydroxy-4 phenyl) alkyl phosphonate copolycarbonates. We show that inclusion of minute quantities (in molar percentages of 0.5 to 1%) of monoalkaline potassium salts of bis(hydroxy-4 phenyl)-alkyl phosphonic acid considerably improves the fire-resistant of the bisphenol A polycarbonate. We obtain oxygen indices of 34 to 35.
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    Polymerization via zwitterion. 20. Alternating copolymerizations of 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane with p-and o-formylbenzoic acids (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 91-95 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Spontaneous alternating copolymerizations of 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (MN) with p- and with o-formylbenzoic acids (ME) were examined. The copolymerizations took place without catalysts affording the copolymer 3 via zwitterion 6. The copolymerizations involve the oxidation of the phosphorus monomer and the reduction of formylbenzoic acid. The scheme of the copolymerizations was presented. The yields of copolymers were quite different between these two copolymerizations. With ortho acid, the copolymer yield was low due to producing phthalide 4.
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    A photosensitive polymer as recording material in holography (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 167-170 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new reversible photochromic copolymer of maleic anhydride with styrene containing azo side groups was prepared. The system reacts to irradiation by a reversible trans-cis photoisomerization of light-sensitive azo groups. Irradiation also causes a change in the refractive index, so that the polymer may be employed in recording optical information in the form of phase hologram. The resolution of the material is higher than 2000 lines/mm. In spite of the large variability of organic compounds, according to available information only two groups of compounds have been utilized in the reversible recording of volume phase holograms. These are dimers of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons (Tomlinson et al. 1972) and stilbene derivatives (Anonym 1974). In this paper we describe a new reversible material for recording volume phase holograms (Matějka et al. 1978).
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    Polymerization via zwitterions. 22. Alternating copolymerization of 2-acryloxypropionic acid with cyclic phosphorus compounds (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 171-176 
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    Notes: Summary Alternating copolymerization of 2-acryloxypropionic acid (APA) as a new MN with two MN monomers of phosphorus containing ethylene phenyl phosphonite (EPO) and ethylene phenyl phosphite (EPI) have been disclosed. Copolymerizations took place without added catalyst to produce 1∶1 alternating copolymers of APA-EPO and of APA-EPI. The structures of the copolymers were determined by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, as well as the identification of the alkaline hydrolysis products. The copolymerizations were explained in terms of a mechanism of zwitterion intermediates involving a hydrogen transfer process.
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    H-H polymers XI: high resolution nmr spectroscopy of poly(methyl acrylates) (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 191-198 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Degradation of poly(ester) s by carbenium ions (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 199-204 
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    Notes: Synopsis Poly (ester)s are degraded by the attack of classical carbenium ions. In a representative study it is demonstrated that the carbenium ions are by far more reactive to cleave ester linkages than are protons. The change of molecular weight distribution of the poly-(ester) during reaction with carbenium ions is reported In an example on low molecular weight compounds the reaction path has been clarified.
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    On the polymerisability of 2-alkenylfurans with anionic initiators (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 221-225 
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    Notes: Summary Various attempts to induce the anionic polymerisation of 2-vinylfuran and some of its homologues were carried out. Negative results were obtained, except with sodium biphenyl in hexamethylphosphotriamide, a system which gave limited yields and not a living polymerisation. The results are interptreted on the basis of side reactions of the furan ring marring the normal vinyl propagation, A critical discussion of previous conflicting reports is also given.
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    Photochemistry of benzoin derivatives in an oxygenated polymeric medium (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 233-237 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Investigation of the photochemistry of benzoin derivatives in a polymer medium leads to the suggestion that oxygen play an important part in the first processes which occur under U.V. irradiation. This is of interest for the understanding of the photocrosslinking process.
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    Ethylene polymerisation with new catalysts: Et2AICI-organotitanium compounds (1978)
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    Polymer bulletin 1 (1978), S. 227-232 
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    Notes: Summary A brief kinetic study is reported of the polymerisation of ethylene catalysed by four aluminium-titanium chloro-organic complexes, three of which are new. These systems proved efficient both in terms of polymerisation rate and of the linearity of the high polymers obtained. A comparison is made with previous work in this field.
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    Improved properties of molecular composite of nitrile rubber and poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) by blending with poly (vinyl chloride) (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 35-42 
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    Notes: Summary Nitrile rubber (NBR) was reinforced by poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) with a coprecipitation method from a common solvent of them. PPTA was converted to N-sodium PPTA with sodium hydride in DMSO, forming homogeneous solution. DMF dissolves NBR. Both solutions were blended to form an isotropic solution. The precipitant was NBR reinforced by PPTA which was regenerated from N-sodium PPTA at coagulation as reported previously. The molecular composite thus obtained was mill-blended with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in order to enhance solvent resistant property. The vulcanized composite of NBR/PVC reinforced by PPTA showed higher modulus, higher strength and more improved solvent resistance than the gum stock and the black stock of NBR/PVC. The properties of the molecular composite containing 5phr PPTA found approximately comparable to those of the black stock of NBR/PVC with 30–40phr ISAF carbon black.
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    Copolymerization via zwitterion 3. Phthalic anhydride and 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 65-70 
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    Notes: Summary Copolymers of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and phtalic anhydride without initiator in DMF at 60 °C were synthesized. The copolymers were statistical, rich in 2-ethyl-2-oxazo1ine. A partial hydrolisis of pendant groups -COCH2CH3 is observed. The composition and the hydrolisis degree of the copolymers was determined by 1H-NMR. A copolymerization scheme via zwitterion is proposed.
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    Twenty-Third Canadian High Polymer Forum (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 90-90 
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    Static measurements of refractive index increments at 633 nm with a modified refractive index detector (1985)
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    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 83-88 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A R 401 Waters Assoc. differential refractometer has been modified to obtain the variation of refractive index increments, dn/dc, of polymer solutions at 633 nm. The introduced modifications were in the sample injection system and in the light source. The performance of the modified refractometer both with aqueous and organic solutions is analyzed. In order to localize a conformational transition in lysozyme, the dependence of dn/dc on temperature for lysozyme solutions in phosphate buffer is studied. Similarly, (dn/dc)k values for the ternary n-alkane/butanone/poly(dimethyl siloxane) systems over the whole composition range of the binary solvent mixtures are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264245
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  • 84
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    Towards the synthesis of electroactive block copolymers via anionic-to-Ziegler-Natta transformation reactions (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 109-114 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Diblock copolymers of acetylene and styrene were prepared by treating Ti(OBu)4 with polystyryl lithium followed by reaction with acetylene. Reliable evidence for the formation of block copolymers was derived from dual radiotagging experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254218
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  • 85
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    Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic polyisobutylene/poly(ethylene glycol) di- and triblock copolymers (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 123-130 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly (isobutylene-b-ethylene glycol) PIB-b-PEG diblock copolymers have been synthesized by reacting tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate-capped polyisobutylene with monohydroxyl-ended poly(ethylene glycol). The block copolymers form stable benzenewater emulsions and show surface activity decrease in interfacial surface tension, and existence of critical micelle concentration. Turbidimetry of the block copolymers indicates the expected wide range of solubility from nonpolar to polar solvents. The temperature dependence of the intrinsic viscosity of the block copolymers exhibits characteristic discontinuities. The intrinsic viscosity of the block copolymer as a function of solvent polarity was studied and the observations were explained as the sum of segment contributions based on the “segregated” conformation model. DSC also indicates microphase separation in the solid state due to segment incompatibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254220
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  • 86
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    Quantitative determination of non-defect unstable structures in PVC through selective nucleophilic substitution with C6H5SNa (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 151-154 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The nucleophilic substitution with C6H5SNa, at -30°C, is compared for five PVC samples with various contents of isotactic triads. The conversion curves consist of a very fast stage followed by a steady one. All the samples are found to behave in the same way except for the content of the structures involved in the fast period. This content is estimated by extrapolating the straight lines of the steady stages to zero time. The obtained values are found to be a linear function of the content of isotactic triads. The results, together with some earlier ones, allow for the content of the labile non-defect structures in PVC to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254224
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  • 87
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    Importance of the texture of the resin in crown ether supported catalysis (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 185-192 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of non macroporous and macroporous supports on a test reaction is studied. t-BuOH reacts with tetra O-acetyl bromoglucose in presence of silver nitrate and a supported crown ether. Two reaction products are formed. Yield and selectivity are affected by the morphology of the support. The selectivity depends on the crosslinking degree. This dependence is explained by the rigidity of the matrix and by the variation of steric hindrance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254229
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  • 88
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    Cyclopentadienylation of PVC (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 415-420 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cyclopentadienylation of PVC with alkaline (NaCPD, LiCPD) and acidic (Me2CPDAl) cyclopentadienylating agents has been investigated. In terms of product quality (absence of discoloration, gelation) Me2 CPDAl was found to be a superior cyclopentadienylating agent than NaCPD and LiCPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284412
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  • 89
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    Functionalization of suluble polymers (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 427-431 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In a first example of the functionalization of soluble polymers the conversion of the hydroxyl groups of poly(oxyethylene) into primary amino groups has been studied. Starting from poly(oxyethylene), the preparation of the diphthalimido derivative via the disodium salt is described. Prom this regiospecific functionalized polymer the di(aminoethyl) poly(oxyethylene), which exhibits excellent solubility properties, can be obtained by polymeranalogous hydrazinolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284414
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  • 90
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    Determination of the monomer donor-acceptor complexes participation in the alternating propagating reaction based on the microtacticity of the alternating copolymers (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 441-444 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It is shown that the probability for the formation of alternating macromolecules by monomer donor-acceptor complexes can be determined from the microtacticity of the copolymers. If the stereoregularity in the alternating copolymerization is described by the Bernoullian trial two other probabilities concerning the meso-diad formation can be determined by this method. If the stereoregularity is described by the first order Markov chain the transition probabilities can be calculated. Thus a more detailed analysis of the propagation mechanism in alternating copolymerization can be carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284417
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  • 91
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    Preliminary study of cationic copolymerization of α-methyl-styrene and isobutyl vinyl ether I (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 433-436 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cationic copolymerination of α-MS and IBVE was successfully carried out using “H2O”/EtAlCl2 initiator system and CH2Cl2 solvent at −50°C. The effect of monomer feed concentration on the copolymer yield and composition was studied. Small concentrations of IBVE had significant effect on the copolymer yield and composition, while that of α-MS had only marginal effect. Tg of the copolymers was linearly dependent on the α-MS content strongly indicating that the copolymerization was of random nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284415
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  • 92
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    Evaporation of polymer-solvent mixtures (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 459-464 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The Stefan-Winkelmann diffusion technique has been used to determine vapor pressures of high boiling point compound-solvents mixtures. Data are reported at a temperature of 67°C for the mixtures polyphenyl ether (6 rings) — benzene and carbowax 1500 — benzene and at a temperature of 100°C for the mixtures polyphenyl ether (6 rings) — toluene and tricresylphosphate-toluene. The range of concentration is only limited by the appearance of a solid phase, and results are in good agreement with those determined by vapor pressure osmometry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255708
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  • 93
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    Dimerization of 1-isopropenyl anthracene by TiCl4 (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 469-473 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 1-isopropenyl anthracene was dimerized by reaction with TiCl4 in CH2Cl2 and the structure of the dimer studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The spectrum was assigned and is in agreement with simulation. The structure results from the attack of carbocation on carbon 9.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255710
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  • 94
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    Dimerization of 9-isopropenyl phenanthrene by TiCl4 (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 475-479 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 9-isopropenyl phenanthrene was dimerized by reaction with TiCl4, in CH2Cl2 and the structure of the dimer studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The structure results from the attack of carbocation on carbon 9.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255711
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  • 95
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    Solvent effect in radical copolymerisation of N-vinylcarbazole and methylmethacrylate (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 491-499 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Radical copolymerisation of MMA(r1) and NVC(r2) yields values of the apparent reactivity ratios r1 = 1.80, r2 = 0.06 (benzene) and r1 = 0.57, r2 = 0.75 (methanol) at 55°C. It is suggested that the apparent increase in reactivity of NVC in methanol arises from high local monomer concentrations due to formation of microphases containing the growing copolymer chains in which NVC is preferentially partitioned. Fluorescence emission and u.v. absorption spectra for copolymers prepared in both solvents are identical and consistent with the occurrence of only very short sequences of NVC units.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255714
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  • 96
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    Ring-chain equilibrium in the anionic polymerization of δ-valerolactone (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 569-573 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The anionic polymerization of δ-valerolactone in tetrahydrofuran with lithium tert-butoxide was found to give a living ring-chain equilibrium system, in which the cyclic oligomers are produced by back-biting degradation from the initially formed linear polymers. The molar cyclization equilibrium constant for the trimer through hexamer decreased in proportion to −2.5 power of the ring size, in accord with the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254486
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  • 97
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    EPR study of enzymatic cleavage of side chains of water soluble polymers using spin-label as a leaving group (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 585-591 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Synopsis It was confirmed by EPR that 4-amino-2,2,6,6--tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMP-NH2) is cleaved by chymotrypsin from 4-(N-glycyl-L-phenylalanyl)amino −2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl attached as a substrate with paramagnetic leaving group to the end of side chains of water soluble hydroxypropyl methacrylamide (HPMA) compolymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254135
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  • 98
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    Synthesis and polymerization of γ-ethyl-L-glutamate derivatives of nucleic acid bases (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 599-602 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary γ-Ethyl-L-glutamate derivatives having pendant nucleic acid bases, that is, uracil, adenine and theophylline were synthesized. The γ-ethyl-L-glutamate having theophylline moiety was polymerized by using the N-carboxyamino acid anhydride (NCA) method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254137
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  • 99
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    Relationship between apparent and true molecular weight in GPC (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 619-623 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The analytical relationship between the molecular weight averages obtained from an experimental GPC elu tion curve and the true ones is calculated by use of one integration method in order to solve the convolution integral. The knowledge of these relationship signifies an useful tool to carry out critical considerations on the operation of different methods existing for the calculation of the spreading correction and for the elaboration of the calibration function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254140
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  • 100
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    Synthesis and polymerization of 3-methylenecyclobutene-1-carbonitrile (1979)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 625-629 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254141
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