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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 138 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The levels of phosphorylation of the chaperones DnaK and GroEL and other proteins varied when cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were subjected to phosphate starvation. The phosphorylated amino acid of GroEL was found to be threonine. Our results show that not only heat shock, but also a nutrient starvation stress leads to phosphorylation of chaperones and, in addition, support the possible role of phosphorylation of these proteins in the sensing and regulation of stress responses in bacteria.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to characterize the metabolites produced in vivo by biphenyl-2,3-dioxygenase and biphenyl-2,3-dihydrodiol-2,3-dehydrogenase, the first two enzymes of the (polychloro)biphenyl catabolic pathway encoded by the bph locus of Pseudomonas sp. LB400, recombinant E. coli strains expressing the respective genes were constructed. Biphenyl-2,3-dioxygenase attack on 2,2′- or 2,4′-dichlorobiphenyl was shown to give rise to virtually quantitative ortho-dechlorination of these congeners by hydroxylation at the chlorinated carbon 2 and its unsubstituted neighbour. Elimination of hydrochloric acid directly leads to 2,3-dihydroxy-chlorobiphenyls and obviates the need for biphenyl-2,3-dihydrodiol-2,3-dehydrogenase for the catabolism of such congeners.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 108 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have analysed the response of the acidophilic chemolithotroph Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to phosphate starvation. Cultivation of the bacteria in the absence of added phosphate induced a remarkable filamentation of the cells. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed several proteins whose levels increased upon phosphate limitation, as well as some polypeptides that were exclusively synthesized under this growth limitation. One of the proteins whose level increased by the lack of phosphate was apparently an acid phosphatase with a pH optimum of about 3.8, and a molecular mass of 26 kDa, which was located in the periplasm. The N-terminal sequence of a 26 kDa protein derepressed by starvation, which may correspond to the T. ferrooxidans phosphatase, showed 30% and 35% identity with the known sequence of Lysobacter enzymogenes and Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatases, respectively.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 98 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The outer membrane protein (omp40) component from the chemolithoautotrophic acidophilic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is apparently regulated by the external pH and the concentration of phosphorus. Its amino-terminal sequence showed little identity with the Escherichia coli OmpC, OmpF or PhoE porins, but was 38.5% identical to the outer membrane channel-forming protein NosA from Pseudomonas stutzeri, whose expression is also regulated environmentally. In addition, the partial amino acid sequence of T. ferrooxidans omp40 showed between 34 and 38% identity with the amino-terminal end of the small outer membrane proteins Rck and PagC from Salmonella typhimurium and OmpX from Enterobacter cloacae.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 1 (1979), S. 347-354 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The fragmentation of linear polyethylene of high molecular weight, of normal alkanes, and of other nonbranched poly- α- olefins in a pyrolyzer connected with a gas chromatograph was studied previously. From the evaluation of the fragments longer than C11 or than the respective pentamer random decomposition process was suggested for these polymers. This process was described with characteristic cleavage probabilities for the C-C-bonds in the backbone of the chain. It is not possible to apply this simple model to the decomposition of normal alkanes without consideration of the volatilization. An approach to this problem is presented in this paper.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 24 (1997), S. 83-88 
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: 26S proteasome ; 20S proteasome ; 19S regulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The proteasomal system consists of a proteolytic core, the 20S proteasome, which associates in ATP-dependent and independent reactions with endogenous regulators providing specific substrate binding sites, chaperone function and regulation of activity to the protease. The best known regulators of the 20S proteasome are the 11S and the 19S complexes. Three subunits of the 20S proteasome and the two subunits of the 11S regulator are induced by γ-Interferon. However, there are no indications for an influence of γ-interferon on the subunit composition of the 19S regulator and only a few data exist about the dynamics of this complex. The analysis of 19S regulator subunits from yeast mutants reveals that the ATPases appear to be stringently organized in the 26S complex, while peripheral non-ATPases, such as S5a, might serve as subunits which shuttle substrates to the enzyme. A novel non-ATPase has been cloned, sequenced and identified in a complex besides the 19S regulator, the function of which is presently unknown. The dynamic structure of the 26S proteasome is also characterized by transient associations with components such as the modulator and isopeptidases. Certain viral proteins can also be associated with components of the proteasomal system and alter enzymatic activities.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: COP9 signalosome ; 26S proteasome ; 19S regulator ; JNK ; curcumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The human core COP9 signalosome consists of eight subunits which have been identified, cloned and sequenced. The components of COP9 signalosome possess homologies with eight non-ATPase regulatory subunits of the 26S proteasome. These polypeptides of the 19S regulator form a reversibly binding subcomplex called the ‘lid’. We isolated the ‘lid’ from human red blood cells and compared it with the COP9 signalosome complex. In addition to the non-ATPase regulatory polypeptides, we found a high molecular mass ATPase copurifying with the human ‘lid’. The COP9 signalosome-associated kinase activity is either not at all or only weakly affected by common kinase inhibitors such as 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine (H7), 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB) or Wortmannin. Curcumin, a tumor suppressor and effector of AP-1 activation, is a potent inhibitor of the COP9 signalosome kinase activity with a Ki of about 10 μM. Since curcumin is known as an inhibitor of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway acting upstream of the MAP kinase kinase kinase level, one site of action of the COP9 signalosome might be proximal to regulators on that level.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Untersuchung von Äthylen-Propylen-Copolymeren, Propylen-Äthylen-Copolymeren ; Chromatographie, Gas/Chromatographie, Gel ; Pyrolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Äthylen-Propylen-Copolymere wurden hinsichtlich Sequenzverteilung des Äthylens durch Pyrolyse gekoppelt mit Gas-Chromatographie analysiert. Die untersuchten Copolymeren waren mit löslichen Ziegler-Natta-Katalysatoren hergestellt und von verschiedenem Kristallisationsgrad. Bei einer Serie waren die Methylgruppen der Propyleneinheiten radioaktiv markiert. Es war somit möglich, mit dem Flammenionisationsdetektor (FID) und gleichzeitig mit dem parallelgeschalteten Strahlungsdetektor diese Methylgruppen nachzuweisen. Die Auswertung der n-Alkane und der Methylalkane in beiden Detektoren ergab Übereinstimmung mit der Kinetik. Die Methode eignet sich gut für lange Sequenzen. Gel-chromatographische Fraktionierung der Copolymeren ergab eine Heterogenität in der chemischen Zusammensetzung. Die eine Komponente ist hochmolekular, während die andere ein Molekulargewicht von weniger als 1000 besitzt und fast kein Propylen enthält. Es wird diskutiert, wie sich chemische Uneinheitlichkeit bei der Kinetik und bei der Pyrolyse auf die Ermittlung der Sequenzverteilung auswirkt. Ein Mechanismus, bei dem von verschiedenen Zentren Ketten mit verschiedener chemischer Zusammensetzung erzeugt werden, wird als Modell angenommen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Uneinheitlichkeit sich nicht kritisch auf die Bestimmung der Sequenzverteilung auswirkt.
    Notes: Abstract Pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography has been applied to investigate the sequence distribution in copolymers of ethylene and propylene. The copolymers analyzed have been prepared with soluble Ziegler-Natta-catalysts and show different degrees of crystallinity. In one series of samples the methyl group of the propylene units has been labeled with tritium. It was then possible to detect carbons by flame ionization detector and simultaneously the methyl groups by the radio-detector in parallel. Within the errors of these methods the results from both detectors are consistent with the calculations from kinetics. The accuracy of the data is best in copolymers with long ethylene sequences. By GPC fractionation a heterogeneity in the chemical composition can be observed. One component of the copolymers is of high molecular weight, while the other has a molecular weight of less than 1000 and is very rich in ethylene. The influence of chemical heterogeneity on sequence distribution derived from kinetics and pyrolysis has been discussed. A mechanism in which chains with different chemical composition are growing from different species of the catalyst has been proposed. The experimental results show that the heterogeneity is not critical for the sequence analysis by kinetics and pyrolysis.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A system with flash pyrolysis and gas chromatography (PGC) which includes in-line hydrogenation and packed columns is described. Under optimal conditions of temperature programming and flow rate, a high degree of resolution was obtained over a broad range of fragment lengths. The system has been applied to the analysis of side groups and long branches in polyethylene. It was found that, for low concentration of branches, yield and distribution of the isoalkanes is very sensitive to the type of polymerization used to form the polyethylene. A great number of the single-branched isoalkanes have been identified by comparing their retention time with the scale of respective boiling points and by pyrolyzing well characterized ethylene-propylene copolymers. The pyrograms of the ethylene-propylene copolymers demonstrated that a C—C bond in an α- or β-position to a tertiary carbon cleaves about two times more readily than a C—C bond in a linear chain. It was further found that the branch length of the side chain is indicated by the identity of the fragments produced, and the probability of formation of these fragments is directly related to the possibility of a cyclic decomposition mechanism. From the high yields of 3- and 5-methylalkanes it was possible to detect about 20 ethyl and 10 n-butyl branches per thousand in a low-density polyethylene. Thus, pyrolysisgas chromatography has to be considered seriously as a method for the determination of branches, even when in present in low concentration (Ziegler-type polyethylene).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma-polymerized polyethylene (PPE) obtained on a radio-frequency glow discharge has been analyzed by flash pyrolysis combined with in-line hydrogenation and gas chromatography. The pyrogram of a bulk powder PPE, which had been characterized by both infrared spectroscopy and density measurements, was compared with a 400 Å thick PPE film deposited directly on the pyrolysis probe. Although the two pyrograms have a qualitative resemblance, they are substantially different from that of conventional branched polyethylene (PE). Some of the fragments exhibited by the deposited PPE are also present in pyrograms of 1,4-polybutadiene. It is evident that the deposited film is a highly branched and unsaturated network polymer with a random arrangement of these structural features.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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