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  • Articles  (17)
  • Seismic hazard  (9)
  • acid deposition
  • mercury
  • nitrogen
  • 1990-1994  (17)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the reliability of different methods of seismic hazard assessment in Greece (1990)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 3 (1990), S. 141-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; macroseismic intensity ; seismic zonation ; ‘mean value’ method ; Cornell's method ; Greece
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Historical and present century instrumental data have been used to determine seismic hazard in 35 sites of Greece by the application of Cornell's method (Cornell, 1968) and the ‘mean value’ method. The macroseismic intensity has been considered as a measure of seismic hazard. Comparison of the results of the two methods showed that, in general, the ‘mean value’ method gives higher values, particularly for low probabilities of exceedance. In addition, for some sites, the differences of the expected intensities resulting from the two methods, indicate that finer tuning of the seismogenic souce model is required, or suggest time dependence. Although each one of these methods has its own merits, the method based on seismic zonation (Cornell's method) has several advantages and must be preferred when an accurate zonation is possible by the use of macroseismic and instrumental seismic data, together with geological and geomorphological information. However, reliable estimates of seismic hazard at a particular site require work on a microzoning scale, incorporating historical, archaeological, and recent geological data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140428
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cautious neotectonic hypotheses for assessing the seismic hazard in northeastern Italy (1992)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 5 (1992), S. 249-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; fault rupture model ; neotectonic faults ; northeastern Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A simplified tectonic scheme for hazard purposes was recently adopted for northeastern Italy, introducing large generalized seismogenic areas containing systems of complex geometry faults. This scheme considers only major faults with documented seismic activity. In the present analysis, a different tectonic scheme, with linear elements as seismogenic sources, is presented. The assessment of the regional seismic hazard is done with the fault rupture model, its most important advantage being the recognition that the length of fault rupture during an earthquake is an important consideration in probabilistic calculations of seismic hazard. Moreover, some structures with no associated seismicity but with notable neotectonic activity are considered, and their contribution to the results investigated. Important uncertainties such as those in the maximum possible magnitude of future earthquakes, in the location of the fault, in the focal depth, and in the attenuation law are accounted for in the calculations and their influence studied. The results identify a seismic belt running from Lake Garda to Friuli and along the Yugoslav coast and are very similar to those already known for Friuli, with the largest values corresponding to the zone around Gemona. Some slight differences in the shape of the areas of equal acceleration are probably due to the delineation of the seismic sources of the proposed model. For a cautious elaboration, some neotectonic lines without present seismicity were added into the fault model. Their contribution is negligible in the areas of highest acceleration, but increases remarkably in the areas where acceleration is not expected to exceed the medium values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00125230
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic hazard monitoring in Kamchatka and its applications to the M = 6.6 earthquake of 6 October 1987 (1992)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 6 (1992), S. 51-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; seismic monitoring ; earthquake ; Kamchatka
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The earthquake of 6 October 1987 (M = 6.6), which occurred near the Shipunsky Cape, Kamchatka, was the largest crustal event in the vicinity of the main city of Kamchatka — Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky — during the last three decades. It was followed by numerous aftershocks. This earthquake allowed us to test the effectiveness of the seismic hazard monitoring in Kamchatka, including the seismological, geodetic and hydrogeochemical surveys. The seismic survey provided the location and source nature of the main shock and aftershocks and the seismic environment of the main shock. The geodetic and hydrogeochemical surveys have yielded data on the response to earthquakes of the Earth's surface deformations, water level, and chemical elements concentration in the underground water. As a result, the following data were obtained: u The earthquake of 6 October had a seismic moment 4–10 E18 Nm, thrust type of faulting and the source volume of 20 × 20 × 10 km3. The maximum intensity was VI–VII (MSK-64 scale) and maximum acceleration 88 cm/s2. Before this event, a relative increase in the number of the upper mantle (depth more than 100 km) moderate magnitude earthquakes during 5 years and a one-year period of seismic quiescence for small shallow earthquakes, were recognized. Significant anomalies in HCO3 and H3BO3 concentrations in the underground waters were observed in the wells a week before the main shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162099
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two methods for seismic hazard assessment in a low-seismicity area (1992)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 6 (1992), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; comparison of methods ; low seismicity area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The EGO method, developed by Egozcue et al. and the SRAMSC method, originally developed by Cornell and later programmed by McGuire, to assess the seismic hazard, are compared for the low seismicity area ‘Belgium, The Netherlands, and NW Germany’. Using the same input data, the results of the EGO method without the majority criterion and the SRAMSC method with upper bound XII agree very well. The influence of the zoning is investigated for the EGO method. It is not necessary to define the zones for the EGO method so strictly as for the SRAMSC method, but too wide zones can give bad results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162098
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aboveground nitrogen and phosphorus use by five plantation-grown trees with different leaf longevities (1991)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (1991), S. 167-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: leaf longevity ; nitrogen ; nutrient use efficiency ; phosphorus ; requirement ; retranslocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Aboveground nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) requirement, retranslocation and use efficiency were determined for 28-year-old red oak (Quercus rubra L.), European larch (Larix decidua Miller), white pine (Pinus strobes L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) plantations on a similar soil in southwestern Wisconsin. Annual aboveground N and P requirements (kg/ha/yr) totaled 126 and 13 for red oak, 86 and 9 for European larch, 80 and 9 for white pine, 38 and 6 for red pine, and 81 and 13 for Norway spruce, respectively. Nitrogen and P retranslocation from current foliage ranged from 81 and 72%, respectively, for European larch, whereas red pine retranslocated the smallest amount of N (13%) and Norway spruce retranslocated the smallest amount of P (18%). In three evergreen species, uptake accounted for 72 to 74% of annual N requirement whereas for two deciduous species retranslocation accounted for 76 to 77% of the annual N requirement. Nitrogen and P use (ANPP/uptake) was more efficient in deciduous species than evergreen species. The results from this common garden experiment demonstrate that differences in N and P cycling among species may result from intrinsic characteristics (e.g. leaf longevity) rather than environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000806
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A ground water nitrogen budget for a headwater swamp in an area of permanent ground water discharge (1991)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (1991), S. 209-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: ground water ; hydrology ; nitrogen ; mass balance ; nutrient retention ; swamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ground water inputs and outputs of N were studied for a small ground water discharge swamp situated in a headwater drainage basin in southern Ontario, Canada. Darcy's equation with data for piezometers was used to measure inputs of shallow local ground water at the swamp margin and deep regional ground water beneath the swamp. Ground water flux was also quantified by measuring ground water discharge to the outlet stream draining the swamp in combination with a chemical mixing model to separate shallow and deep ground water components based on chloride differences. Estimates of shallow ground water flux determined by these two approaches agreed closely however, the piezometer data seriously underestimated the deep ground water input to the swamp. An average ground water input-output budget of total N (TN) total organic nitrogen (TON) ammonium (NH4 +-N) and nitrate (NO3 --N) was estimated for stream base flow periods which occurred on an average of 328 days each year during 1986–1990. Approximately 90% of the annual NO3 --N input was contributed by shallow ground water at the swamp margin. Deep ground water represented about 65% of the total ground water input and a similar proportion of TON and NH4 +-N inputs. Annual ground water NO3 --N inputs and outputs were similar whereas NH4 +-N retention was 4 kg ha-1 representing about 68% of annual ground water input. Annual TON inputs in ground water exceeded outputs by 7.7 kg ha (27%). The capacity of the swamp to regulate ground water N fluxes was influenced by the N chemistry of ground water inputs and the hydrologic pathways of transport within the swamp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000808
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury dynamics in young Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) chicks from a polluted environment (1993)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 2 (1993), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: mercury ; body distribution ; feather concentrations ; body burden ; tern chicks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: We studied mercury concentrations and amounts in tissues of 19 starved young Common Tern chicks (median age 4 days) and in eggs from the same colony. Concentrations and burden were similar between eggs and newly hatched chicks. Mercury concentrations were highest in down, which contained at least 38% of the body mercury. The mercury burden of the whole body and of the tissues as well as the concentration in down increased with age and body mass, indicating the importance of down as an elimination pathway. Conversion ratios between mercury concentrations in tissues and the whole chick body varied according to the contamination level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some aspects of the seismic hazard in Panama City (1990)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 3 (1990), S. 233-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; seismicity ; tectonic block ; seismic hazard prediction ; earthquake catalogue ; completeness and homogeneity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The definition of earthquake sources in the Panama region on the basis of both tectonics and average seismicity rates, have recently led to the concept of a microplate surrounded by seismically active areas. The effects of these earthquakes on the place where the most important concentration of investments and population is located, the capital city of Panama, are analyzed in this paper using statistical approaches. The parameters of Gumbel's Type-I distribution of extreme values for a continuous interval of 60 yr annual maximum magnitudes were used to make probabilistic estimations of the seismic hazard in Panama City. An earthquake with magnitude 7.5 is capable of producing a modified Mercalli intensity VII in Panama City, provided the source distance is of the order of 100 km. This earthquake has a probability of occurrence of 69% in 50 yr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124579
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathways to seismic hazard evaluation: Extreme and characteristic earthquakes in areas of low and high seismicity (1990)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 3 (1990), S. 275-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; design earthquake ; seismic ground loading ; earthquake perceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The general philosophy of seismic hazard evaluation described here is appropriate for selection of seismic input to regional earthquake engineering codes prior to detailed on-site inspections and geotechnical assessments. Some probabilistic seismic hazard methodologies which can be applied in areas of low and high seismicity, are briefly described to emphasise the main equations with specimen results. Three aspects of hazard assessment are explored by different ‘pathways’. These include the analysis of regional earthquake catalogues to obtain magnitude recurrence, particularly using Gumbel extreme value statistics. This is extended to assess ground shaking hazard which is usually sought by earthquake engineers. Thirdly, the concept of earthquake perceptibility is developed, leading to the identification of an earthquake magnitude or type which is characteristic of a region. This ‘most perceptible’ earthquake is most likely to be felt at any site in a region and provides an earthquake selection criterion which can be used in aseismic design of noncritical structures. Because there are several methods of seismic hazard evaluation, the view is expressed that it is sensible for practical purposes to seek results from different methods or different pathways to the hazard evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124583
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic hazard maps for Jordan and vicinity (1992)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 6 (1992), S. 201-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Jordan ; earthquakes ; uncertainty ; Bayesian method ; intensity attenuation ; expert opinion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Probabilistic methods are used to quantify the seismic hazard in Jordan and neighbouring regions. The hazard model incorporates the uncertainties associated with the seismicity parameters and the attenuation equation. Seven seismic sources are identified in the region and the seismicity parameters of these sources are estimated by making use of all the available information. Seismic hazard computations and the selection of peak ground acceleration and modified Mercalli intensity values at the nodes of a 25 × 25 km mesh covering the region under study are carried out by two different computer programs. The results of the study are presented through a set of seismic hazard maps displaying iso-acceleration and iso-intensity contours corresponding to specified return periods. The first set of maps is derived based on the seismicity data assessed in this study and display our ‘best’ estimate of the seismic hazard for Jordan and the neighbouring areas. The second set of maps which shows the ‘alternative’ estimate of seismic hazard is based solely on the seismicity parameters reported by other researchers. The third set of maps, called the ‘Bayesian’ estimate of seismic hazard, reflects the influence of expert opinion involving more conservative assumptions regarding the Red Sea and Araba faults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00129509
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regionalization of seismic hazard in Greece based on seismic sources (1993)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 8 (1993), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; regionalization ; Greece ; attenuation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A semi-probabilistic approach to the seismic hazard assessment of Greece is presented. For this reason, a recent seismotectonic model for shallow and intermediate depth earthquake sources, based on historical as well as on instrumental data, was used. Different attenuation formulae were proposed for the macroseismic intensity and the strong ground motion parameters for the shallow and the intermediate focal depth shocks. The data were elaborated in terms of McGuire's computer program, which is based on the Cornell's method. A grid of equally spaced points at 20 km distance was made and the seismic hazard recurrence curves for various parameters of the seismic intensity was estimated for each point. Finally, seismic hazard maps for the area of Greece were compiled utilizing the entire range of recurrence curves. These maps depict areas of equal seismic hazard and for every area the analytical relations of the typeSI =f(Tm), whereSI is a seismic intensity parameter andTm is the mean return period, were determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596232
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic hazard analysis with randomly located sources (1994)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 9 (1994), S. 215-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; random source location ; random boundary ; source zone boundary ; seismic sources ; uncertainty ; earthquakes ; statistical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Demarcation of areal and linear seismic sources involves a certain degree of uncertainty and this should be reflected in the final seismic hazard results. The uncertainty associated with the description of the geographical coordinates of a source zone boundary is modeled by introducing the concept of ‘random boundary’, where the location of the boundary is assumed to exhibit a spatial bivariate Gaussian distribution. Here the mean vector denotes the best estimate of location and the variance reflects the magnitude of location uncertainty, which may be isotropic or may show spatial directivity. The consideration of spatial randomness in the boundaries smooths the seismicity parameters and permits the gradual transitions of these to occur across border zones. Seismic sources modeled as lines can also be attributed random geometrical properties. The sensitivity of seismic hazard results to the isotropic and direction dependent location uncertainty is examined on the basis of hypothetical case studies. Area and line source location uncertainties are examined separately because they are reflected in the eventual outcome of the analyses in a complicated manner. The effect of random source zone boundaries on the expected peak ground acceleration is tested for a specific site in Turkey by conducting a comprehensive seismic hazard analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662600
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal and spatial patterns of S, Ca, and N dynamics of a Northern Hardwood forest ecosystem (1992)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (1992), S. 165-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: calcium ; fine roots ; nitrogen ; northern hardwood ; nutrient dynamics ; seasonality ; soils ; sulfur ; vegetation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal dynamics of S, Ca and N were examined at the Huntington Forest, a northern hardwood ecosystem in the central Adirondacks of New York for a period of 34 months (1985–1988). Solute concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation, throughfall (TF) and leachates from the forest floor, E horizon and B horizon were quantified. Both above and below-ground elemental fluxes mediated by vegetation (e.g. uptake, litter inputs, and fine roots production) were also determined. The roles of abiotic and biotic processes were ascertained based on both changes in solute concentrations through the strata of the ecosystem as well as differences between dormant and growing seasons. Concentrations of SO4 2−, NO3 −, NH4 + and Ca2+ were greater in TF than precipitation. Forest floor leachates had greater concentrations of SO4 2−, NO3 − + NH4 + and Ca2+ (9, 6 and 77 µeq L−1, respectively) than TF. There were differences in concentrations of ions in leachates from the forest floor between the dormant and growing seasons presumably due to vegetation uptake and microbial immobilization. Concentrations and fluxes of NO3 − and NH; were greatest in early spring followed by a rapid decline which coincided with a demand for N by vegetation in late spring. Vegetation uptake (44.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 ) could account for the low leaching rates of N03 −. Within the mineral soil, changes with soil depth and the absence of seasonal patterns suggest that cation exchange (Ca+) or anion sorption (SO4 2−) are primarily responsible for regulating solute concentrations. The increase in SO4 2− concentration after leachates passed through the mineral soil may be attributed to desorption of sulfate that was adsorbed during an earlier period when SO4 2− concentrations would have been greater due to elevated S inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004040
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen mass balances and denitrification rates in central Ontario Lakes (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 20 (1993), S. 195-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: denitrification ; lake ; mass balance ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen mass balances for seven unproductive lakes and 20 forested catchments in central Ontario were measured between 1977 and 1989. Average annual lake denitrification rates calculated with the N/P ratio method were strongly correlated with summer anoxic factor (extent of surficial sediment anoxia) whereas denitrification rates calculated with a210Pb sediment N accumulation method were poorly correlated with the anoxic factor suggesting that the N/P method is superior. Substantial denitrification occurred in all lakes — an average of 36% of TN inputs or 75% of the net gain. On a regional area-weighted basis, 67% of bulk atmospheric TN deposition was stored or denitrified terrestrially, 12% was denitrified in lakes, 4% was stored in lake sediments, and 17% was exported from lakes. N/P ratios were generally less in streams than in precipitation suggesting preferential N retention in catchments, whereas the N/P ratios in lake outputs were slightly higher than lake input ratios, suggesting preferential P retention in lakes. This is consistent with the notion that P-limited lakes can exist adjacent to N-limited forests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000787
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen inputs to a marine embayment: the importance of groundwater (1990)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 10 (1990), S. 309-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: estuaries ; groundwater ; nitrogen ; nitrogen cycle ; nitrogen loading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We examined the importance of nitrogen inputs from groundwater and runoff in a small coastal marine cove on Cape Cod, MA, USA. We evaluated groundwater inputs by three different methods: a water budget, assuming discharge equals recharge; direct measurements of discharge using bell jars; and a budget of water and salt at the mouth of the Cove over several tidal cycles. The lowest estimates were obtained by using a water budget and the highest estimates were obtained using a budget of water and salt at the Cove mouth. Overall there was more than a five fold difference in the freshwater inputs calculated by using these methods. Nitrogen in groundwater appears to be largely derived from on site septic systems. Average nitrate concentrations were highest in the region where building density was greatest. Nitrate in groundwater appeared to behave conservatively in sandy sediments where groundwater flow rates were high (〉 11/m2/h), indicating that denitrification was not substantially reducing external nitrogen loading to the Cove. Nitrogen inputs from groundwater were approximately 300 mmol-N/m3/y of Cove water. Road runoff contributed an additional 60 mmol/m3/y. Total nitrogen inputs from groundwater and road runoff to this cove were similar in magnitude to river dominated estuaries in urbanized areas in the United States.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003150
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    The role of eggs in mercury excretion by Quail Coturnix coturnix and the implications for monitoring mercury pollution by analysis of feathers (1993)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 2 (1993), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: mercury ; eggs ; feathers ; quail ; dose-response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper describes differences in the excretion of methyl mercury between male and female Quail Coturnix coturnix after a single dose. Since feathers are often used to monitor mercury pollution it is important to take into account biases in feather mercury levels that may arise as a result of mercury loss through egg-laying. Evidence is presented to support the use of bird eggs to sample for environmental mercury contamination. Birds were monitored up to twelve weeks after administration. Mercury concentrations in the kidney exceeded those in the liver which exceeded those in the pectoral muscle. Significant differences in mercury levels between male and female birds were found up to eight weeks after administration. Mercury was initially distributed through most of the internal tissues and was lost relatively slowly in a negative exponential manner. Mercury loss through excretion differed between the sexes for the first eight weeks after mercury administration. Initial mercury concentration in eggs was 3.5 μg g-1 but no mercury was detected in eggs five weeks after the dose was administered. At this point over 40% of the females' intake had been lost into the eggs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058214
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Food chain transfer and potential renal toxicity of mercury to small mammals at a contaminated terrestrial field site (1993)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 2 (1993), S. 243-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: mercury ; small mammals ; bioaccumulation ; tissue residues ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Mercury concentrations were determined in surface soil and biota at a contaminated terrestrial field site and were used to calculate transfer coefficients of mercury through various compartments of the ecosystem based on trophic relationships. Mercury concentrations in all compartments (soil, vegetation, invertebrates, and small mammals) were higher than mercury concentrations in corresponding samples at local reference sites. Nonetheless, mercury concentrations in biota did not exceed concentrations in the contaminated surface soil, which averaged 269 μg g-1. Plant tissue concentrations of mercury were low (0.01 to 2.0 μg g-1) and yielded soil to plant transfer coefficients ranging from 3.7×10-5 for seeds to 7.0×10-3 for grass blades. Mercury concentrations in invertebrates ranged from 0.79 for harvestmen (Phalangida) to 15.5 μg g-1 for undepurated earthworms (Oligochaeta). Mean food chain transfer coefficients for invertebrates were 0.88 for herbivores/omnivores and 2.35 for carnivores. Mean mercury concentrations in target tissue (kidney) were 1.16±1.16 μg g-1 for the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), a granivore, and 38.8±24.6 μg g-1 for the shorttail shrew (Blarina brevicauda), an insectivore. Transfer coefficients for diet to kidney were 0.75 and 4.40 for P. leucopus and B. brevicauda, respectively. A comparison of kidney mercury residues measured in this study with values from controlled laboratory feeding studies from the literature indicate that B. brevicauda but not P. leucopus may be ingesting mercury at levels that are nephrotoxic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368533
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