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  • Nature Publishing Group  (105,325)
  • 1995-1999  (12,082)
  • 1990-1994  (18,756)
  • 1985-1989  (18,746)
  • 1980-1984  (17,608)
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  • 1
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 346 (6282). pp. 323-324.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 377 (6545). p. 107.
    Publication Date: 2017-07-04
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: RECENT advances in 40Ar/39Ar dating1,2 have made it possible to date individual K-feldspar grains from Pleistocene tephra, a capability that greatly improves the reliability and temporal resolving power of the method. Here we apply these new techniques to the dating of a phonolite tephra from the East Eifel volcanic field in West Germany, which is sandwiched between loess and palaeosol (alfisol) deposits, and which was therefore erupted during the transition from a glacial to an interglacial period. Our age estimate for this transition is 215±4 kyr (1 σ), which has important implications for the marine δ18O timescale and for models of global climate change during the Pleistocene. The results show that single-grain dating can detect and compensate for the large quantities of xenocrystic contaminants which are found in many tephra deposits. This technique could be used to date the tephra layers found in marine sediment cores and the results could greatly enhance the reliability of the marine δ18O timescale for more rigorous Fourier analysis testing of the Milankovitch hypothesis.
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  • 4
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 356 (6366). p. 199.
    Publication Date: 2017-03-14
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  • 5
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 362 (6421). pp. 626-628.
    Publication Date: 2019-02-07
    Description: WHILE ammonites and all other ectocochleate cephalopods became extinct, nautiloids survived relatively unchanged from the Ordovician, suggesting that they are unusually well adapted to their niche. Here we obtain high-resolution tracks of Nautilus positions and depths, combined with telemetered jet pressures, which clarify both its lifestyle and economics. Nautilus is more active in nature than in captivity1, but its energy costs are lower than projected2,3. Viewing Nautilus as 'vertic', rather than benthic, resolves this contradiction. Records show that the cost of transport is the same in any direction within a vertical plane. Living on a reef face swept by a lateral current means that vertical movements4,5 sample large areas for chemical trails. A detected trail can be followed upcurrent in the slow-moving boundary layer, but no effort is wasted on horizontal movement without good prospects for food; long-range movements are downcurrent and made by drifting. Once fed, a Nautilus can reduce its energy costs by moving to deeper, cooler waters, where a single meal can last for months.
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  • 6
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6498). p. 563.
    Publication Date: 2017-05-10
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  • 7
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 374 (6520). p. 314.
    Publication Date: 2017-07-06
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  • 8
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 351 (6325). pp. 394-397.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
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  • 9
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 363 (6428). p. 405.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-03
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  • 10
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 357 (6374). p. 105.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-03
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  • 11
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 326 (6111). pp. 373-375.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Hurricanes and other strong storms can cause important decreases in sea surface temperature by means of vertical mixing within the upper ocean, and by air–sea heat exchange. Here we use satellite-derived infrared images of the western North Atlantic to study sea surface cooling caused by hurricane Gloria (1985). Significant regional variations in sea surface cooling are well correlated with hydrographic conditions. The greatest cooling (up to 5°C) occurred in slope waters north of the Gulf Stream where the seasonal thermocline is shallowest and most compressed; moderate cooling (up to 3 °C) occurred in the open Sargasso Sea where the thermocline is deeper and more diffused; little or no cooling occurred in shallow coastal waters (bottom depth less than 20 m) which were isothermal before the passage of hurricane Gloria. There is a pronounced right-side asymmetry of sea surface cooling with stronger (by a factor of 4) and more extensive (by a factor of 3) cooling found on the right side of the hurricane track. These qualitative results are consistent with the notion that vertical mixing within the upper ocean is the dominant sea surface cooling mechanism of hurricanes.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: There has been concern about recent temperature trends and the future effects of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere1,2; but instrumental records only cover a few decades to a few centuries and it is essential that proxy data sources, such as pollen spectra from peats and lake sediments, be carefully interpreted as climate records. Several workers have shown statistically significant associations between the modern pollen rain and climatic parameters, an approach that by-passes the recognition of pollen/vegetation units. Statistically defined equations that associate abiotic and biotic elements are called transfer functions. We report here on the application of transfer function equations to nine middle and late Holocene peat and lake sediment sequences from northern Canada (Fig. 1).
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  • 13
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 320 (6058). pp. 107-108.
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
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  • 14
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 288 (5788). pp. 260-263.
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: Organic detritus passing from the sea surface through the water column to the sea floor controls nutrient regeneration, fuels benthic life and affects burial of organic carbon in the sediment record. Particle trap systems have enabled the first quantification of this important process. The results suggest that the dominant mechanism of vertical transport is by rapid settling of rare large particles, most likely of faecal pellets or marine snow of the order of 〉200 μm in diameter, whereas the more frequent small particles have an insignificant role in vertical mass flux4–6. The ultimate source of organic detritus is biological production in surface waters of the oceans. I determine here an empirical relationship that predicts organic carbon flux at any depth in the oceans below the base of the euphotic zone as a function of the mean net primary production rate at the surface and depth-dependent consumption. Such a relationship aids in estimating rates of decay of organic matter in the water column, benthic and water column respiration of oxygen in the deep sea and burial of organic carbon in the sediment record.
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: The ability to monitor the heat content of oceans over long distances is becoming increasingly important for understanding the role of oceans in climate change, for determining the variability of the state of the oceans, for operational ocean observing systems, and for studying large-scale ocean processes such as water-mass formation. Although the properties of the upper layers of the ocean can be routinely measured on large scales by satellite remote sensing (providing altimetric and infrared data) and with expendable probes dropped from commercial vessels, the deep interior of the ocean is more difficult to monitor. Ocean acoustic tomography1 is a promising technique for such applications, as it has the potential to provide systematic, instantaneous and repeated measurements of the ocean interior over large parts of an ocean basin. Here we demonstrate the capability of this technique for measuring the heat content across an entire (albeit small) ocean basin—the western Mediterranean Sea.
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  • 16
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 382 (6589). pp. 344-346.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: The conventional model whereby plume volcanism forms linear age-progressive volcanic chains, with the youngest activity occurring nearest a spreading axis (at a 'hotspot'), has been challenged for the Easter seamount chain1–4. Whereas early work suggested the existence of a linear melting anomaly (a 'hotline')1,2, more recent studies3,4 have proposed a hotspot near Salas y Gomez island, connected with the Easter microplate spreading system by an ~800-km-long, volcanically active plume channel. Here we use geochemical, geological and geochronological data to argue that the hotspot lies close to Easter Island. Moreover, new isotopic data for lavas from the seamount chain provide evidence for bidirectional flow between the spreading axis and the plume, thus supporting geophysical and fluid-dynamical models of mantle flow in a plume/spreading axis system5–7. Material balance and flux considerations show the Easter plume to be weak and cool compared with those beneath larger features such as Iceland, Hawaii and the Galápagos islands.
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  • 17
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 366 (6453). pp. 338-340.
    Publication Date: 2015-08-31
    Description: THE vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila is found around hydrothermal vent areas in the deep sea. Intracellular bacterial chemoautotrophic symbionts use the oxidation of sulphide from the effluent of the vents as an energy source for CO2 fixation. They apparently provide most or all of the nutritional requirements for their gutless hosts1–5. This kind of symbiosis has since been found in many other species from various other phyla from other habitats6–9. Here we present results that the bacteria of R. pachyptila may cover a significant fraction of their respiratory needs by the use of nitrate in addition to oxygen. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite, which may be the end product (nitrate respiration)10 or it may be further reduced to nitrogen gas (denitrification)11. This metabolic trait may have an important role in the colonization of hypoxic habitats in general by animals with this kind of symbiosis.
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  • 18
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 397 (6718). pp. 389-391.
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: A knowledge of past changes in the biological productivity of the oceans is important for understanding the interactions between carbon cycling and climate. Phytoplankton productivity in today's oceans can be estimated from the concentrations of chlorophyll in sea water1, but chlorophyll is not preserved in the sediments. Existing proxies for past algal productivity do not represent total productivity; for example, biogenic opal2 reflects the contribution of only part of the phytoplankton community, and the organic carbon record can be subject to contamination from terrestrial inputs2,3. Although chlorins, the pigment-transformation products of chlorophyll, are widespread in Quaternary marine sediments, their potential as proxy measures of past variations in primary productivity has not been convincingly demonstrated. Here we report a high-resolution molecular stratigraphic record of chlorin concentrations over the past 350,000 years in a sediment core from the subtropical Atlantic continental margin. Maxima in the chlorin accumulation rate coincide with significant peaks in the accumulation rates of biogenic opal (at the end of glacial terminations) and organic carbon (between terminations). These results suggest that chlorins, unlike other proxies, can serve as a measure of total primary productivity variations.
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
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  • 21
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6495). pp. 289-290.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
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  • 22
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 212 (5066). pp. 983-985.
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: The ocean stores and transports vast quantities of heat, fresh water, carbon and other materials, and its circulation plays an important role in determining both the Earth's climate and fundamental processes in the biosphere. Understanding the development of climate and important biological cycles therefore requires detailed knowledge of ocean circulation and its transport properties. This cannot be achieved solely through modelling, but must involve accurate observations of the spatio-temporal evolution of the global oceanic flow field. Estimates of oceanic flow are currently made on the basis of space-borne measurements of the sea surface, and monitoring of the ocean interior. Satellite altimetry and acoustic tomography are complementary for this purpose1, as the former provides detailed horizontal coverage of the surface, and the latter the requisite vertical sampling of the interior. High-quality acoustic-tomographic2 and altimetric3 data are now available to test the combined power of these technologies for estimating oceanic flows. Here we demonstrate that, with the aid of state-of-the-art numerical models, it is possible to recover from these data a detailed spatio-temporal record of flow over basin-scale volumes of fluid. Our present results are restricted to the Mediterranean Sea, but the method described here provides a powerful tool for studying oceanic circulation worldwide.
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  • 24
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 361 . pp. 249-251.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: THE supply of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is not considered to limit oceanic primary productivity1, as its concentration in sea water exceeds that of other plant macronutrients such as nitrate and phosphate by two and three orders of magnitude, respectively. But the bulk of oceanic new production2 and a major fraction of vertical carbon flux is mediated by a few diatom genera whose ability to use DIG components other than CO2, which comprises 〈 1% of total DIC3, is unknown4. Here we show that under optimal light and nutrient conditions, diatom growth rate can in fact be limited by the supply of CO2. The doubling in surface water pCO2 levels since the last glaciation from 180 to 355 p.p.m.5,6 could therefore have stimulated marine productivity, thereby increasing oceanic carbon sequestration by the biological pump.
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  • 25
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 387 . pp. 31-32.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
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  • 26
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 300 (5889). pp. 245-246.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: A subtropical front was observed in the area south and southeast of the Azores during cruises of FS Meteor and FS Poseidon in early 1982. The front has a basically west–east extension, with considerable meandering observed. Meso-scale eddies are found on both sides. The overall flow pattern corresponds to earlier results on geopotential differences in the upper northeast Atlantic, but the baroclinic transport of the order of 107 m3 s−1 is found to be concentrated in a 60-km wide jet. We suggest here that the current band is part of the gyre circulation, resulting from a branching of the North Atlantic Current.
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  • 27
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 319 . pp. 574-576.
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: One of the most striking features of the upper North Atlantic Ocean is an extensive layer of water with temperature close to 18°C and salinity close to 36.5‰, (ref. 1). This 18°C water is formed by winter convection in the Sargasso sea2,3, but aspects of the annual rate of 18°C water formation remain obscure4. We have simulated this water mass formation by integrating a one-dimensional model along a 4-yr trajectory of a water column circulating around the Sargasso Sea. Winter convection is deep (≥200 m) in regions where the ocean suffers a net annual heat loss to the atmosphere, and shallow (≤lOOm) where the ocean gains heat each year. The origin of the thermostad (nearly isothermal layer) is a thick layer of nearly homogeneous water subducted beneath the seasonal boundary layer in the year that the water column passes through the line dividing annual cooling from annual heating. We estimate the annual production of 18°C water to be 446,000 km3 yr−1. Downstream, more stratified central water is formed each year at a rate that depends more on Ekman pumping (wind-forced convergence) than on the decreasing depth of winter convection
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2021-02-25
    Description: The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is the strongest natural interannual climate fluctuation1. ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific Ocean and has large effects on the ecology of the region, but it also influences the entire global climate system and affects the societies and economies of manycountries2. ENSO can be understood as an irregular low-frequency oscillation between a warm (El Niño) and a cold (La Niña) state. The strong El Niños of 1982/1983 and 1997/1998, along with the more frequent occurrences of El Niños during the past few decades, raise the question of whether human-induced 'greenhouse' warming affects, or will affect, ENSO3. Several global climate models have been applied to transient greenhouse-gas-induced warming simulations to address this question4, 6, but the results have been debated owing to the inability of the models to fully simulate ENSO (because of their coarse equatorial resolution)7. Here we present results from a global climate model with sufficient resolution in the tropics to adequately represent the narrow equatorial upwelling and low-frequency waves. When the model is forced by a realistic future scenario of increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations, more frequent El-Niño-like conditions and stronger cold events in the tropical Pacific Ocean result
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  • 29
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 394 . pp. 266-269.
    Publication Date: 2019-02-27
    Description: In steady state, the export of photosynthetically fixed organic matter to the deep ocean has to be balanced by an upward flux of nutrients into the euphotic zone1. Indirect geochemical estimates2 of the nutrient supply to surface waters have been substantially higher than direct biological and physical measurements3, particularly in subtropical regions. A possible explanation for the apparent discrepancy is that the sampling strategy of the direct measurements has under-represented episodic nutrient injections forced by mesoscale eddy dynamics, whereas geochemical tracer budgets integrate fluxes over longer time and space scales. Here we investigate the eddy-induced nutrient supply by combining two methods potentially capable of delivering synoptic descriptions of the ocean's state on a basin scale. Remotely sensed sea-surface height data from the simultaneous TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 satellite missions are assimilated into a numerical eddy-resolving coupled ecosystem–circulation model of the North Atlantic Ocean. Our results indicate that mesoscale eddy activity accounts for about one-third of the total flux of nitrate into the euphotic zone (taken to represent new production) in the subtropics and at mid-latitudes. This contribution is not sufficient to maintain the observed primary production in parts of the subtropical gyre, where alternative routes of nitrogen supply will have to be considered.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Circumpolar surface waters dominate the circulation of the Southern Ocean and sustain one of the ocean's largest standing stocks of biomass thereby producing a significant output of biogenic components, mainly diatoms, to the bottom sediments. Generally transit of biogenic matter from the sea surface to the sea floor affects nutrient regeneration fuels benthic life and transfers signals to the sediment record1–5. Reliable quantification of the relationship between biological production, fractionation of skeletal and tissue components and bottom sediment accumulation depends on direct vertical flux measurements from sediment trap deployments6–9, which have proved to be most scientifically productive10–13. We now present data on vertical mass fluxes from the Southern Ocean and evidence for strong biogeochemical fractionation between organic carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds, siliceous and calcareous skeletal remains, and refractory aluminosilicates.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2016-05-17
    Description: IN 1989, the submersible Nautile discovered one of the most active hydrothermal fields on the modern ocean floor, in the Lau back-arc basin (Fig. 1). The field contains high-temperature white and black smokers, and as we report here, its characteristics contrast strongly with those of the hydrothermal fields found at normal mid-ocean ridges. The main differences are the acidity (pH as low as 2), chemistry and temperature (up to 400 °C) of the hydrothermal fluids, the composition of the ore deposits, and the volcanic and tectonic environments. The fluids also have very high concentrations of trace metals, and primary gold is present in the accompanying mineral deposits. Our data show that these back-arc deposits in the Lau Basin are intermediate between typical mid-ocean-ridge mineralization and massive sulphide deposits of the Kuroko type.
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  • 32
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 372 (6505). pp. 421-424.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Observations of large and abrupt climate changes recorded in Greenland ice cores have spurred a search for clues to their cause. This search has revealed that at six times during the last glaciation, huge armadas of icebergs launched from Canada spread across the northern Atlantic Ocean, each triggering a climate response of global extent.
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
    Description: ROOTH proposed that the Younger Dryas cold episode, which chilled the North Atlantic region from 11,000 to 10,000 yr BP, was initiated by a diversion of meltwater from the Mississippi drainage to the St Lawrence drainage system. The link between these events is postulated to be a turnoff, during the Younger Dryas cold episode, of the North Atlantic's conveyor-belt circulation system which currently supplies an enormous amount of heat to the atmosphere over the North Atlantic region2. This turnoff is attributed to a reduction in surface-water salinity, and hence also in density, of the waters in the region where North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) now forms. Here we present oxygen isotope and accelerator radiocarbon measurements on planktonic foraminifera from Orca Basin core EN32-PC4 which reveal a significant reduction in meltwater flow through the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico from about 11,200 to 10,000 radiocarbon years ago. This finding is consistent with the record for Lake Agassiz which indicates that the meltwater from the southwestern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was diverted to the northern Atlantic Ocean through the St Lawrence valley during the interval from ~11,000 to 10,000 years before present (yr BP).
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: Analysis of aeolo-marine dust deposits in the subtropical eastern Atlantic enables the strength of the major wind patterns during the late Quaternary to be evaluated and gives an insight into the climate of North Africa.
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  • 35
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 315 (6016). pp. 216-218.
    Publication Date: 2016-10-26
    Description: Marine organic carbon is heavier isotopically (13C enriched) than most land-plant or terrestrial organic C1. Accordingly, δ 13C values of organic C in modern marine sediments are routinely interpreted in terms of the relative proportions of marine and terrestrial sources of the preserved organic matter2,3. When independent geochemical techniques are used to evaluate the source of organic matter in Cretaceous or older rocks, those rocks containing mostly marine organic C are found typically to have lighter (more-negative) δ 13C values than rocks containing mostly terrestrial organic C. Here we conclude that marine photosynthesis in mid-Cretaceous and earlier oceans generally resulted in a greater fractionation of C isotopes and produced organic C having lighter δ 13C values. Modern marine photosynthesis may be occurring under unusual geological conditions (higher oceanic primary production rates, lower P CO2) that limit dissolved CO2 availability and minimize carbon isotope fractionation4.
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  • 36
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 315 (6014). pp. 21-26.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: The climate record obtained from two long Greenland ice cores reveals several brief climate oscillations during glacial time. The most recent of these oscillations, also found in continental pollen records, has greatest impact in the area under the meteorological influence of the northern Atlantic, but none in the United States. This suggests that these oscillations are caused by fluctuations in the formation rate of deep water in the northern Atlantic. As the present production of deep water in this area is driven by an excess of evaporation over precipitation and continental runoff, atmospheric water transport may be an important element in climate change. Changes in the production rate of deep water in this sector of the ocean may push the climate system from one quasi-stable mode of operation to another.
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  • 37
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 328 (6126). pp. 123-126.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: There is now clear evidence that changes in the Earth's climate may be sudden rather than gradual. It is time to put research into the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on a better footing.
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Abrupt changes in climatic conditions have been seen at high latitudes in the North Atlantic and the Antarctic at 13 kyr BP. It is important to determine whether this abrupt change was confined to high-latitude regions or whether it was global. Here we present results demonstrating an abrupt change in the rate and character of sedimentation in the South China Sea at the close of the last glacial period. Radiocarbon dating and its position in the oxygen isotope shift suggest that this change may be coincident with the changes found at high latitudes.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Abrupt changes in climatic conditions have been seen at high latitudes in the North Atlantic1 and the Antarctic2,3 at 13 kyr BP. It is important to determine whether this abrupt change was confined to high-latitude regions or whether it was global. Here we present results demonstrating an abrupt change in the rate and character of sedimentation in the South China Sea at the close of the last glacial period. Radiocarbon dating and its position in the oxygen isotope shift suggest that this change may be coincident with the changes found at high latitudes.
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  • 40
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 372 (6507). pp. 621-622.
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2016-10-24
    Description: Perhaps the most significant event in the Cretaceous record of the carbon isotope composition of carbonate1,2, other than the 1–2.5 ‰ negative shift in the carbon isotope composition of calcareous plankton at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary3, is the rapid global positive excursion of ~2 ‰ (13C enrichment) which took place between ~91.5 Myr and 90.3 Myr (late Cenomanian to earliest Turonian (C/T boundary event))1,4,5. This excursion has been attributed to a change in the isotope composition of the marine total dissolved carbon (TDC) reservoir resulting from an increase in rate of burial of 13C-depleted organic carbon, which coincided with a major global rise in sea level5 during the so-called C/T oceanic anoxic event (OAE)6. Here we present new data, from nine localities, which demonstrate that a positive excursion in the carbon isotope composition of organic carbon at or near the C/T boundary7,8 is nearly synchronous with that for carbonate and is widespread throughout the Tethys and Atlantic basins (Fig. 1), as well as in more high-latitude epicontinental seas. The postulated increase in the rate of burial of organic carbon may have had a significant effect on CO2 and O2 concentrations in the oceans and atmosphere, and consequent effects on global climate and sedimentary facies.
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  • 42
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    In:  Nature, 358 (6389). pp. 710-711.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
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  • 43
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    In:  Nature, 356 (6370). pp. 587-589.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: ALTHOUGH anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide have today created a greater atmospheric CO2concentration in the Northern than in the Southern Hemisphere, a comparison of interhemispheric CO2 profiles from 1980 and 1962 led Keeling and Heimann1,2 to conclude that, before the Industrial Revolution, natural CO2 sources and sinks acted to set up a reverse (south to north) gradient which drove about one gigatonne of carbon each year through the atmosphere from the Southern to the Northern Hemisphere. At steady state, this flux must have been balanced by a counter flow of carbon from north to south through the ocean. Here we present a means to estimate this natural flux by a separation of oceanic carbon anomalies into those created by biogenic processes and those created by CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. We find that before the Industrial Revolution, deep water formed in the northern Atlantic Ocean carried about 0.6 gigatonnes of carbon annually to the Southern Hemisphere, providing support for Keeling and Heimann's proposal. The existence of this oceanic carbon pump also raises questions about the need for a large terrestrial carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere, as postulated by Tans et al.3, to balance the present global carbon budget.
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  • 44
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    In:  Nature, 359 (6398). pp. 779-780.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
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  • 45
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    In:  Nature, 367 (6462). pp. 414-415.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
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  • 46
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    In:  Nature, 376 (6537). pp. 212-213.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
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  • 47
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    In:  Nature, 356 (6372). pp. 744-746.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: The response of the global climate system to smoke from burning oil wells in Kuwait is investigated in a series of numerical experiments using a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model with an interactive soot transport model and extended radiation scheme. The results show a decrease in surface air temperature of ~4 °C in the Gulf region. Outside this region the changes are small and statistically insignificant. No weakening of the Indian summer monsoon is observed.
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  • 49
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    In:  Nature, 402 . pp. 366-367.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
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  • 50
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    In:  Nature, 382 . pp. 802-805.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: A fundamental issue in marine science is the identification of the factors controlling biological uptake of CO2, in high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll regions. A recent in situ iron fertilization experiment demonstrated that iron limitation is responsible for low phytoplankton stocks in the equatorial Pacific4. Here we show that flavodoxin, a biochemical marker of iron limitation, can be used to map the degree of iron stress in natural populations. Flavodoxin assays along a 900-km east-west transect in the northeastern subarctic Pacific revealed a pronounced increase in iron stress in the region west of the 135° W meridian. Addition of dissolved iron alleviated this stress. Immunostaining of single cells from the most western station showed that flavodoxin is present specifically within the chloroplasts of diatoms. Our approach provides a rapid means of defining the extent of iron stress in the ocean5 and supports the hypothesis that diatoms are iron stressed in the northeast Pacific.
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  • 51
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    In:  Nature, 373 . p. 28.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
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  • 52
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    In:  Nature, 333 (6168). pp. 64-66.
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: Seismic tomography and the isotope geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks suggest the existence of a large, sheet-like region of upwelling in the upper mantle which extends from the eastern Atlantic Ocean to central Europe and the western Mediterranean. A belt of extension and rifting in the latter two areas appears to lie above the intersection of the centre of the upwelling region with the base of the lithosphere. Lead, strontium and neodymium isotope data for all three regions converge on a restricted composition, inferred to be that of the upwelling mantle.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019-05-08
    Description: ISOTOPE ratios and concentrations of incompatible trace elements are remarkably successful in discriminating the tectonic origin and magmatic source components for basalts1–5. But problems remain with discriminating the tectonic origin of some tholeiites, especially where field relations and other geological evidence are ambiguous. For example, the tectonic origin of basalts from the Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus) has been debated for several decades. Most workers have been unable to distinguish between an island-arc and/or back-arc origin for the ophiolite6–8. Here we use volatile, K2O and TiO2 contents from ∼250 fresh submarine volcanic glasses to discriminate between tholeiites from different tectonic regimes. K2O÷H2O ratios are lower (〈0.70) in spread ing-centre glasses than in those from island arcs and intraplate oceanic islands. Back-arc-basin basalts can generally be separated from mid-ocean-ridge basalts by their high H2O contents. Using this information, we show that some fresh glasses from the Troodos ophiolite have a clear back-arc-basin affinity.
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  • 55
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    In:  Nature, 287 (5783). pp. 628-630.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: Statoliths of cephalopods are small, hard calcareous stones which lie within the cartilaginous skulls of octopods, sepioids and teuthoids1. Fossil statoliths, clearly belonging to genera which are alive today, have previously been described from 11 Cenozoic deposits spanning from the Eocene to the Pleistocene in North America2–5. Such statoliths are of particular interest because they provide a means of studying the evolution of living cephalopod groups which have no calcareous shells, including the cosmopolitan and numerous teuthoids and octopods. Here, the first cephalopod statoliths to be recognized in European deposits are described and identified as Loligo sp. They are compared with the North American fossil Loligo species and statoliths removed from the two living Loligo species of Europe.
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  • 56
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    In:  Nature, 305 (5933). pp. 403-407.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: Basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge contain noble gases delivered from the non-degassed lower mantle by the Iceland plume. These lower mantle gases are thought to be a mixture of planetary and solar components, as would be expected if the Earth accreted from fine silicate particles.
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  • 57
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    In:  Nature, 389 (6652). pp. 683-684.
    Publication Date: 2021-02-15
    Description: Recent captures of two female giant squid ( Architeuthis ) off southern Australia have provided the first record of a mated female specimen of these almost mythical deepsea creatures. We found sperm packages (spermatophores) embedded within the skin of both ventral arms of the larger of the two specimens. It seems that male giant squids may use their muscular elongate penis to ‘inject’ sperm packages under pressure directly into the arms of females.
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  • 58
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    In:  Nature, 384 (6608). p. 421.
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
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  • 59
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    In:  Nature, 376 (6538). pp. 301-302.
    Publication Date: 2018-08-15
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2018-01-09
    Description: The nitrogen-isotope record preserved in Southern Ocean sediments, along with several geochemical tracers for the settling fluxes of biogenic matter, reveals patterns of past nutrient supply to phytoplankton and surface-water stratification in this oceanic region. Areal averaging of these spatial patterns indicates that reduction of the CO2 'leak' from ocean to atmosphere by increased surface-water stratification south of the Polar Front made a greater contribution to the lowering of atmospheric CO2 concentration during the Last Glacial Maximum than did the increased export of organic carbon from surface to deep waters occurring further north.
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: THE hydrothermal circulation of sea water through permeable ocean crust results in rock–water interactions that lead to the formation of massive sulphide deposits. These are the modern analogues of many ancient ophiolite-hosted deposits1–4, such as those exposed in Cyprus. Here we report results obtained from drilling a series of holes into an actively forming sulphide deposit on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. A complex assemblage of sulphide–anhydrite–silica breccias provides striking evidence that such hydrothermal mounds do not grow simply by the accumulation of sulphides on the sea floor. Indeed, the deposit grows largely as an in situ breccia pile, as successive episodes of hydrothermal activity each form new hydrothermal precipitates and cement earlier deposits. During inactive periods, the collapse of sulphide chimneys, dissolution of anhydrite, and disruption by faulting cause brecciation of the deposit. The abundance of anhydrite beneath the present region of focused hydrothermal venting reflects the high temperatures ( 〉 150 °C) currently maintained within the mound, and implies substantial entrainment of cold sea water into the interior of the deposit. These observations demonstrate the important role of anhydrite in the growth of massive sulphide deposits, despite its absence in those preserved on land.
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  • 62
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    In:  Nature, 397 . pp. 243-246.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: The overflow and descent of cold dense water from the Denmark Strait sill-a submarine passage between Greenland and Iceland-is a principal means by which the deep ocean is ventilated, and is an important element in the global thermohaline circulation. Previous investigations of its variability-in particular, direct current measurements(1,2) in the overflow core since 1986-have shown surprisingly little evidence of long-term changes in now speed. Here we report significant changes in the overflow characteristics during the winter of 1996-97, measured using two current-meter moorings and an inverted echo sounder located at different depths in the fastest part of the now. The overflow warmed to the highest monthly value yet recorded (2.4 degrees C), and showed a pronounced slowing and thinning at its lower margin. We believe that the extreme warmth of the overflow caused it to run higher on the continental slope off east Greenland, so that the lower current meters and the echo sounder were temporarily outside and deeper than the fast-flowing core; model simulations appear to confirm this interpretation, We suggest that the extreme warmth of the overflow is a lagged response to a warming upstream in the Fram Strait three years earlier (caused by an exceptional amplification of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation). If this is so, over-now characteristics may be predictable.
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  • 63
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    In:  Nature, 303 (5916). pp. 422-423.
    Publication Date: 2019-04-16
    Description: Strandings of the giant squid, Architeuthis monachus (Steen-strup), have always stirred attention because of the rarity and enormous size of these cephalopods. These animals have never been observed in their natural habitat and little is known about their physiology and ecology. Stranding of giant squids in Newfoundland waters has been correlated with the inflow of warm water, suggesting that increased temperature may be causing their death1. Squids have also been carried to the Norwegian coast with the warm North Atlantic current2 and on 23 August 1982 a live specimen was caught off Radöy near Bergen, Norway (Fig. 1). This catch gave an unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of temperature on the oxygen binding properties of blood from the giant squid. The present finding of an excess of a fourfold decrease in O2 affinity when temperature is increased from 6.4 to 15°C strongly suggests that giant squids may suffocate from arterial desaturation when increased ambient temperatures are experierced.
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  • 64
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    In:  Nature, 333 (6168). pp. 17-18.
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
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  • 65
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
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  • 66
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 113-113 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A PAPER by Newman on page 155 of this issue documents a striking property of the glial cells in the vertebrate retina: their membrane permeability, which is almost exclusively a permeability to potassium, is largely concentrated at the end which has membrane expansions ('endfeet') facing the ...
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  • 67
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 107-107 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 12-Month 12-Month Company Close Close Change high low previous 30 April month 14 101/2 Biogen (Switzerland) 13 U3/4 -2 VA 2 1% Bio-Logicals (Canada) 1% P/4 + % 14% 10 % Bio-Response (USA) 11 13% + 2% 14 10'/4 Cetus ...
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  • 68
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR ? We have read the news item in Nature (1 March p.6) regarding the inability of Israeli scientists to attend the VIIth International Biotechnology Symposium. To put the record straight, the organizers did everything possible to help the scientists from Israel to attend the symposium. In fact, ...
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  • 69
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR ? In Nature of 2 February (307, 408; 1984) you printed a letter from Dr J. Stefan Roken calling on scientists to boycott the International Biotechnology Symposium held in New Delhi in February, and calling for protests against the Indian Government for not permitting scientists from all ...
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  • 70
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 575-575 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) has decided that there is a prima facie case for closing the Taunton site of the Institute of Ocanographie Sciences (IOS), which carries out research in sedimentation and applied wave mechanics. The council's governing body was due this week to ...
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  • 71
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 575-575 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE limit for nitrogen oxides in ambient air proposed in the EEC directive (Nature 308, 309; 1984) should have read 200 gnr3 not ...
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  • 72
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 576-576 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo A PAIR of headphones and a portable cassette player have become pretty much standard street wear for young Tokyoites, but they are creating a new problem for the Japanese Government how to dispose safely of the batteries that power them. Alkaline-manganese batteries have been favoured ...
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  • 73
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 576-576 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CHINESE plans to act as a "nuclear dustbin" for Western countries have provoked a sharp reaction in the neighbouring Mongolian People's Republic. Alarm was crystallized last month in a formal interview, organized by the Soviet news agency TASS and its Mongolian equivalent Mont same, with a ...
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  • 74
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 576-576 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington AMID continuing uncertainty about the health of Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov and his wife Yelena Bonner, the US National Academy of Sciences confirmed last week that its president had postponed plans to visit the Soviet Union to reestablish formal links with the Soviet Academy of ...
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  • 75
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 577-577 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AN urgent call for information on the consequences of large ground-based fires for the atmosphere of the Earth has gone out from the workshop held in Leningrad between 14 and 16 May on the climatic and biological consequences of nuclear war. The meeting is part of the programme by which the ...
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  • 76
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 577-577 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE companies selected by the US federal government to manufacture a blood test for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are expected to be announced this week. A scientific panel has already met to review the 20 or so proposals received in response to an announcement in the ...
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  • 77
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 577-577 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 12-Month 12-Month Company Close Close Change high low previous 31 May month 14 8 Biogen (Switzerland) IP/4 9 -23/4 2 1% Bio-Logicals (Canada) P/4 l'/2 -Vi 14% g Bio-Response (USA) 13 V 8% -4l/4 14 10 Cetus (USA) 121/4 10!/4 -2 10% 5 Collaborative Research (USA) 7 5% -I5/ 19% 11 ...
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  • 78
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 578-578 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR You are, of course, right in saying that all is not well in India's Science. But great strides have been made. As our Prime Minister declared during a White House reception, India is engaged in the stupendous task of moving hundreds of millions of people into the twentieth century. Against ...
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  • 79
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 578-578 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR The key to considering science and technology in India lies in recognizing that India is trying to go through three revolutions simultaneously the agricultural (still incomplete), industrial and computer revolutions with a government that is democratic, a population less than half of which ...
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  • 80
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 578-578 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR Readers of your survey are likely to conclude that most of what is good and worthy of its name in Indian science is so because (1 ) a director or a chairman or perhaps a minister knows and means his/her business; (2) they or their organizations have or at least had good overseas connections ...
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  • 81
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 578-578 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR Your special issue on India provides a comprehensive account of accomplishments, failures and problems of science in India. The introductory note to the survey, however, contains the erroneous figure of 2.5 per cent as the annual rate of India's current population growth. The registration of ...
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  • 82
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 579-579 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Is human intelligence genetically determined, environmentally conditioned or the product of both influences? Since the work of the late Cyril Burt was discredited some years ago, the ferocity seems to have gone out of the argument on this question that had been raging for close on half a century. ...
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  • 83
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Over 20 years ago, Dungey8 suggested a model of the Earth's magnetosphere in which he proposed magnetic field reconnection as the major process coupling the magnetosphere to the solar wind and driving magnetospheric convection. Considerable indirect support for this model has subsequently been ...
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  • 84
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 142-144 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Location of the transects across the Apennine and Carpathian thrust belts (dark lines). The Apennine and outer Carpathian thrust belts are indicated by shading and the approximate position of the thrust fronts are indicated by dark barbed lines. The light continuous line represents the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 582-582 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DEVOTEES of the school that believes an occult virus is responsible for the induction of rheumatoid arthritis will have welcomed a recent article summarizing a three-year collaborative study undertaken in three USA centres on the identification of par-vovirus-like particles in synovial tissue from ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 582-582 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PILE-DWELLINGS ON HILLTOPS AMONG the Miris, Singphus, Kamtis, Nogas, Mismis, and Deodhains that I have questioned as to the origin of the custom of building on piles, the answer is invariably that they do not know, that it is their tribal custom, &c. Pressed as to the advantages of it, or why ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 583-583 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ON page 589 of this issue of Nature, Haag et al. report a very nice example of the way in which zeolites can be used in the controlled catalysis of hydrocarbon cracking, which is best seen in the context of John Dwyer's brief but comprehensive overview of zeolites as acid catalysts in the 2 April ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 583-584 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] MUCH of the development of T lymphocytes takes place in the thymus, away from the melee in bone marrow where B lymphocytes and other haematopoietic cells differentiate side by side. What is the purpose of this convenient packaging? Is the thymus an inductive environment for switching the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 584-585 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] FOR many years geodesists have examined evidence for the temporal changes in the Earth's global shape and gravity field. Confirmation that such changes occur on time scales of at least several years has now emerged from the observation of a secular acceleration O of the node O of the orbit of the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 585-587 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] THERE are two reasons for the exceptional concentration of research on the cellular myc proto-oncogene (c-myc). The first is historical. The chromosomal translocations characteristic of Burkitt's lym-phomas transfer c-myc from its normal context into an active immunoglobulin locus1, where it was ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 588-588 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Howgate1 criticizes our interpretations2'3 of the homologies and morphology of the Archaeopteryx manus by distorting and misrepresenting our viewpoints. Palaeontologists have identified the digits of theropods, Archaeopteryx and birds as digits 1-2-3 of the primitive reptilian hand whereas ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 588-588 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Peter Fellgett raises an interesting suggestion1 that the study of cybernetic feedback loops throws light on the redundant (multiple copy) nature of functional genes and hence places the evolution of this phenomenon within the rubric of Darwinian natural selection. His proposition is that ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 589-591 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] The availability of solid acidic catalysts based on zeolite ZSM-5 make possible observations on the nature and the absolute rate behaviour of the individual protonic sites. Tetrahedral aluminium atoms are the highly reactive ingredients, even at levels of parts per million, or less. Turnover ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 598-600 
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    Notes: [Auszug] From the optical mass function of LMC X-3 (2.3 M), the absence of X-ray eclipses, in combination with the observed spectral type and absolute visual magnitude of the B-type companion, Paczynski2 derived a lower limit to the mass of the B-star of 9.0 (6.0 M), that is 5=3.0 M0. By comparing the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 189-190 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Mathematics Advances in Fuzzy Sets, Possibility Theory, and Applications. P.P. WANG (d.). Plenum: 1983. Pp.42L IBN 0-306-41390-6. $55. A Biologist's Basic Mathematics. By D.R. CAUSTON.Edward Arnold: 1983. Pp.216. PbklSBN 0-7131-2879-8. £7.50. Developments in Statistics, Vol. 4. P.R. ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 3-3 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE militarization of space may yet become a significant issue in November's presidential election in the United States. For the first time, Mr Walter Mondale, the Democratic front-runner, last week promised to order a freeze on space weapons if he is elected President. In Congress, ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 3-3 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ONE of genetic engineering's glittering prizes was claimed last week by Genentech Inc., the San Francisco-based biotechnology company, working in collaboration with the Haemophilia Centre at the Royal Free Hospital Medical School, London, and Speywood Laboratories in Wales. The human blood protein ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 5-5 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DISCUSSIONS on a possible 20,000 million deal in nuclear technology were a major feature of President Reagan's visit to China last month. Coincidentally, the President's visit came shortly after the second national congress of the Chinese Nuclear Society, which reviewed the current state of Chinese ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 6-6 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE inhabitants of Bikini Island, which was used for 23 above-ground nuclear tests between 1946 and 1958, are suing the US Government in an attempt to force a cleanup of their homeland. The 167 residents of the island left at the request of the US military and have since been shifted ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 7-7 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] FURTHER signs of the response of Unesco (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) to the discontent of some member states should become apparent next week, at the meeting of the organization's executive board arranged for 9-23 May. Those participating in the meeting ...
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