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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (4,111)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Elasticity
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 2000-2004  (77)
  • 1925-1929  (4,284)
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Year
  • 1
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Kunming, China, 4, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 65 & 70, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Elasticity ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; GRL
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  • 2
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    In:  Geophysical Journal International, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 156, no. 2, pp. 171-178, pp. 1892
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Elasticity ; GJI ; crustal ; deformation, ; flexure ; of ; the ; lithosphere ; lithospheric ; deformation, ; numerical ; techniques
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  • 3
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 159, no. 2, pp. 667-678, pp. L15313, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Anisotropy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Lame ; elastic ; tensor, ; seismic ; anisotropy, ; symmetry ; class ; upper ; mantle ; GJI
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  • 4
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    In:  Pageoph, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 161, no. 7, pp. 1305-1327, pp. 1008, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; earthquake ; series, ; rifting, ; shear ; Stress ; Elasticity ; Fernandez ; PAG
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  • 5
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Tübingen, Europ. Ass. Exploration Geophys., vol. 142, no. 1-2, pp. 113-135, pp. TC4007, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Rheology ; Fault zone ; Geothermics ; Elasticity ; PEPI
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  • 6
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 264 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN 052)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Wave propagation ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Acoustics ; Elasticity ; Layers ; Cagniard ; Inversion ; WKBJ ; Maslov ; Born ; Kirchhoff ; Migration of earthquakes ; Inhomogeneity ; more ; advanced ; than ; Aki ; and ; Richards ; MATLAB
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: Networks of cross-linked and bundled actin filaments are ubiquitous in the cellular cytoskeleton, but their elasticity remains poorly understood. We show that these networks exhibit exceptional elastic behavior that reflects the mechanical properties of individual filaments. There are two distinct regimes of elasticity, one reflecting bending of single filaments and a second reflecting stretching of entropic fluctuations of filament length. The mechanical stiffness can vary by several decades with small changes in cross-link concentration, and can increase markedly upon application of external stress. We parameterize the full range of behavior in a state diagram and elucidate its origin with a robust model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardel, M L -- Shin, J H -- MacKintosh, F C -- Mahadevan, L -- Matsudaira, P -- Weitz, D A -- GM52703/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1301-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*chemistry/metabolism ; Actins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Elasticity ; Entropy ; Mathematics ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York, Cambridge U. Press, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Dynamic ; Waves ; Wave propagation
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  • 9
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    Academic Press, 416 pp.
    In:  Princeton, Academic Press, 416 pp., vol. 15, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; poro-elasticity ; Physical properties of rocks ; Gueguen ; Bouteca
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  • 10
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    Elsevier, 424 pp.
    In:  Chemnitz, Elsevier, 424 pp., vol. 50, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-043930-6)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Hamilton ; Lagrange ; Christoffel ; Euler ; Inhomogeneity ; Anisotropy ; Legendre ; Transformations
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  • 11
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    In:  Science, Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 300, no. 5622, pp. 1121-1123, pp. L19606, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: Oblique motion along tectonic boundaries is commonly partitioned into slip on faults with different senses of motion. The origin of slip partitioning is important to structural geology, tectonophysics, and earthquake mechanics. Partitioning can be explained by the upward elastoplastic propagation of oblique slip from a fault or shear zone at depth. The strain field ahead of the propagating fault separates into zones of predominantly normal, reverse, and strike-slip faulting. The model successfully predicts the distribution of fault types along parts of the San Andreas and Haiyuan faults.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Fault zone ; Structural geology ; FROTH
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  • 12
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 40, no. 7-8, pp. 1121-1140, pp. 1246
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Stress measurements ; Stress ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Borehole geophys. ; IJRM ; Geothermics ; Elasticity
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  • 13
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    In:  Geophysical Journal International, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 154, no. 3, pp. 852-866, pp. 8011, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Synthetic seismograms ; waveform ; Inversion ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Source ; GJI
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  • 14
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    Birkhäuser
    In:  Boston, 360 pp., Birkhäuser, vol. 1, no. XVI:, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 3-7643-0253-4)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Fluids ; poro ; Elasticity ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Physical properties of rocks ; Rock mechanics ; PAG
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  • 15
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    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Taipei, AGU, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 195-207, pp. B06410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Hankel ; Transformations ; Thomson-Haskell ; propagator ; algorithm ; Thomson-Haskell method ; Green ; numerical ; instability ; software ; Martin ; FROTH ; RWANG ; FLORENZO ; SPAROLAI
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  • 16
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    Springer-Verlag
    In:  New York, Springer-Verlag, vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 585, (ISBN 1-85233-708-7)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of mathematics ; Geothermics ; heat ; flow ; elasticity ; electrostatics ; hydrodynamics ; electromagnetism ; chemical ; diffusion ; biological ; modeling ; Waves ; Laplace ; Poisson ; Love ; Reflectivity ; FRefraction seismics
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  • 17
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 444 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN: 0 521 52046 0 (pb); ISBN: 0 521 81730 7 (hb))
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: ... Pujol's book differs from the others in its purely theoretical approach to the generation and propagation of seismic waves. The author aims to fill a gap between the advanced books and the introductory ones, providing a complete derivation of the mathematical developments. ... One does not have to look for proofs elsewhere.
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Source ; Wave propagation ; theory
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  • 18
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    In:  Geophysics, Taipei, AGU, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 705-717, pp. B06410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Inhomogeneity ; Kuempel ; Kumpel
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  • 19
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    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 2297-2309, pp. 2519, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Inelastic ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Rayleigh waves ; Surface waves ; BSSA
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  • 20
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Heidelberg, 3-4, vol. 107, no. B2, pp. ESE 2-1 to ESE 2-17, pp. 2074, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Fluids ; Stress ; Physical properties of rocks ; Rock mechanics ; Elasticity ; triggering ; Seismicity ; Friction ; one-dimensional ; flow ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7260 ; Theory ; and ; modeling ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameter ; JGR
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  • 21
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 149, no. 3, pp. 698-723, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Modelling ; Dislocation ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; GJI
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  • 22
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    In:  International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Luxembourg, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 905-916, pp. B04203, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; plane ; Strain ; Stress ; Mining geophysics ; Borehole breakouts
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  • 23
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    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Klagenfurt, Nuclear Technology Publ., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 679-692, pp. L14312, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Modelling ; Two-dimensional ; Elasticity ; C&G
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  • 24
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    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Cambridge, 287 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN 3-0521-81830-3)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Rheology ; Inelastic
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  • 25
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    Elsevier / Academic Press
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology - Part A, Amsterdam, Elsevier / Academic Press, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 539-557, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Stress ; Review article
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  • 26
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    University Science Books
    In:  Sausalito, XVIII+700 pp., University Science Books, vol. 1, pp. 559-932, (ISBN 0-935702-96-2)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: SRICHWALSKI ; Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Source ; SModelling ; Spectrum ; Instruments ; Inversion ; Waves ; Surface waves ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Reflection seismics ; Inhomogeneity ; Detectors ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Dynamic ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fracture ; Seismometer ; AnisotropyS ; Dispersion ; CMT ; Moment tensor ; FractureT ; self-similarity ; tunneling ; whispering ; galleries ; normal ; Stress ; changes ; during ; rupture
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  • 27
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    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics, Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment, University of Iceland, vol. 159, no. 9, pp. 1951-1966, pp. B05316, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Fracture ; Source ; Rheology ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Waves ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Modelling ; PAG
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  • 28
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    Elsevier / Academic Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology - Part A, Amsterdam, Elsevier / Academic Press, vol. 81A, no. 1, pp. 559-568, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Stress ; Lithosphere ; Review article
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: The introduction of biodegradable implant materials as well as minimally invasive surgical procedures in medicine has substantially improved health care within the past few decades. This report describes a group of degradable thermoplastic polymers that are able to change their shape after an increase in temperature. Their shape-memory capability enables bulky implants to be placed in the body through small incisions or to perform complex mechanical deformations automatically. A smart degradable suture was created to illustrate the potential of these shape-memory thermoplastics in biomedical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lendlein, Andreas -- Langer, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1673-6. Epub 2002 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉mnemoScience GmbH, Pauwelsstrabetae 19, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. a.lendlein@mnemoscience.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Dioxanes/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Elastomers ; Isocyanates/chemistry ; Mechanics ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polyesters/chemistry ; *Polymers/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Rats ; Stress, Mechanical ; *Sutures ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Spider silks are protein-based "biopolymer" filaments or threads secreted by specialized epithelial cells as concentrated soluble precursors of highly repetitive primary sequences. Spider dragline silk is a flexible, lightweight fiber of extraordinary strength and toughness comparable to that of synthetic high-performance fibers. We sought to "biomimic" the process of spider silk production by expressing in mammalian cells the dragline silk genes (ADF-3/MaSpII and MaSpI) of two spider species. We produced soluble recombinant (rc)-dragline silk proteins with molecular masses of 60 to 140 kilodaltons. We demonstrated the wet spinning of silk monofilaments spun from a concentrated aqueous solution of soluble rc-spider silk protein (ADF-3; 60 kilodaltons) under modest shear and coagulation conditions. The spun fibers were water insoluble with a fine diameter (10 to 40 micrometers) and exhibited toughness and modulus values comparable to those of native dragline silks but with lower tenacity. Dope solutions with rc-silk protein concentrations 〉20% and postspinning draw were necessary to achieve improved mechanical properties of the spun fibers. Fiber properties correlated with finer fiber diameter and increased birefringence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazaris, Anthoula -- Arcidiacono, Steven -- Huang, Yue -- Zhou, Jiang-Feng -- Duguay, Francois -- Chretien, Nathalie -- Welsh, Elizabeth A -- Soares, Jason W -- Karatzas, Costas N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):472-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nexia Biotechnologies, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec J7V 8P5, Canada. alazaris@nexiabiotech.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Birefringence ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; DNA, Complementary ; Elasticity ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; *Fibroins ; Materials Testing ; Mechanics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/isolation & purification ; Solubility ; Spiders/*genetics/metabolism ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tensile Strength ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: We present an approach to fabricate solid capsules with precise control of size, permeability, mechanical strength, and compatibility. The capsules are fabricated by the self-assembly of colloidal particles onto the interface of emulsion droplets. After the particles are locked together to form elastic shells, the emulsion droplets are transferred to a fresh continuous-phase fluid that is the same as that inside the droplets. The resultant structures, which we call "colloidosomes," are hollow, elastic shells whose permeability and elasticity can be precisely controlled. The generality and robustness of these structures and their potential for cellular immunoisolation are demonstrated by the use of a variety of solvents, particles, and contents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dinsmore, A D -- Hsu, Ming F -- Nikolaides, M G -- Marquez, Manuel -- Bausch, A R -- Weitz, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1006-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and DEAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dinsmore@physics.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; *Capsules ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemistry, Physical ; *Colloids ; Diffusion ; Elasticity ; Emulsions ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Permeability ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polylysine ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Surface Properties ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alper, Joe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chemistry, Physical ; Collagen/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Elastin/chemistry ; *Fibroins ; Insect Proteins/chemistry ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polymers/*chemistry ; *Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 33
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    In:  Phys. Rev. Lett., Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 87, no. 14, pp. 109-125, pp. 1019, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Fault zone ; interaction ; neural ; network ; Elasticity ; dissipation ; Modelling ; Seismicity ; Martins
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  • 34
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Luxembourg, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1211-1216, pp. B06303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Stress ; Physical properties of rocks ; Elasticity ; IJRM
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  • 35
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 285-296, pp. 2214
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Rheology ; Inelastic ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Creep observations and analysis
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  • 36
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 106, no. B7, pp. 13,515-13,526, pp. L08305
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Non-linear effects ; Elasticity ; permeability ; viscosity ; Stress ; Fluids ; pressure ; JGR
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  • 37
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    In:  Pageoph, Warszawa, AGU, vol. 158, no. 4, pp. 759-797, pp. L02611, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; hydrodynamics
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  • 38
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    In:  International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Warszawa, EGS, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 995-1027, pp. B05S16, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Laboratory measurements ; Statistical investigations ; Elasticity ; IJRM
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  • 39
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    Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna
    In:  Ph. Thesis, 176 pp., Bologna, Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna, vol. 1034, no. 45, pp. 54-58, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Dip-slip ; Inhomogeneity ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; Layers ; rifting ; Stress ; Volcanology ; GJI136,341-56(1999) ; GJI138,410-34(1999) ; GJI149(2)508-523(2002) ; GJI149(3)698-723(2002)
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  • 40
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    Elsevier Science
    In:  München, Elsevier Science, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 65-66, (ISBN: 3-528-02574-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics ; Handbook of engineering ; Handbook of informatics ; Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; comets ; Chaotic behaviour ; Source ; Plate tectonics ; Elasticity ; compilers ; earth Core ; earth mantle ; Acoustics ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; history ; Rock mechanics ; Artificial intelligence (AI) ; mathematics ; Geochemistry ; Fracture ; fatigue ; FractureT ; Geodesy ; Geomagnetics ; Statistical investigations ; Geothermics ; Global Positioning System ; Green's function ; Fluids ; ConvolutionE ; plumes ; Mineralogy ; Modelling ; Tectonics ; SOC ; percolation ; Oceanography ; Planetology ; MOON ; SAR ; InSAR ; Stress ; Tsunami(s) ; Volcanology ; Whitman ; Rikitake ; Stein ; Oreskes ; Loper ; Jeanloz ; Lee ; Mandelbrot ; Vanicek ; Bock ; Olson ; Campbell ; Madariaga ; Staufer ; Dickinson ; van ; Zyl ; Zoback ; Turcotte ; Ward ; Sigurdsson
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  • 41
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    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York (370 pp.), Cambridge U. Press, vol. 13, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 0-521-80945-2, ISBN 0-521-00663-5 paper)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Waves ; Wave propagation ; Textbook of geophysics ; observations ; (part ; 1), ; theory ; (part ; 2) ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Attenuation ; Elasticity
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Handbook of physics ; Handbook of mineralogy ; Handbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Handbook of chemistry ; Handbook of engineering
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  • 43
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    Geol. Inst., Univ. Bonn; Shaker Verlag
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, 192 pp., Bonn, Geol. Inst., Univ. Bonn; Shaker Verlag, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 33, pp. 1-28, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Elasticity ; TILT ; porosity ; Modelling ; Dissertation ; Geowissenschaft ; Geophysik ; Hydrogeologie ; Neigungsmessungen ; Pumptests ; Poroelastizitaet ; hydraulische ; Diffusivitaet ; Kuempel ; WANGRJ
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  • 44
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 106, no. B6, pp. 11101-11114, pp. L08304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Description: We use laboratory experiments and numerical models to examine the effects of volcano loading on the propagation of buoyant dikes in a two-dimensional elastic half-space. In laboratory experiments we simulate the propagation of buoyant dikes in an isotropic regional stress field by injecting air into tanks of solidified gelatin. A weight resting on the surface of the gelatin represents a volcanic load. A numerical model is used to simulate these experiments. Both experiments and numerical simulations show that as a dike ascends, it begins to curve toward the load in response to the local stress field imposed by the load. The lateral distance over which dikes curve to the load increases with the ratio of average pressure at the base of the load to the dike driving pressure. For realistic volcano and dike dimensions this pressure ratio is going to be large, suggesting that dikes can converge to a volcano over lateral distances several times the load width. Numerical calculations involving an anisotropic regional stress field, however, predict that the lateral extent of dike attraction shrinks as the regional horizontal compressive stress decreases relative to the vertical compressive stress. Dike focusing will be substantial if the regional differential stresses are less than the average pressure at the base of the load. If this is the case, then our models predict a positive feedback between the size of volcanoes and the area of dike attraction. This feedback may promote the development of large discrete volcanoes and also predicts a positive correlation between the spacing and sizes of adjacent volcanoes. To test this prediction, we examine nearest-neighbor pairs of the 21 largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range. The 14 pairs examined show a large range in volcano spacing (6 - 115 km) and a statistically significant correlation between spacing and average volcano height. This result is consistent with our model results and suggests that the local compressive stress induced by these volcanoes may be an important factor in controlling magma transport in the lithosphere.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Modelling ; magma ; ascent ; JGR ; 1829 ; Hydrology: ; Groundwater ; hydrology ; 8414 ; Volcanology: ; Eruption ; mechanisms ; 8429 ; Lava ; rheology ; and ; morphology ; 8499 ; General ; or ; miscellaneous
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Soft lithography is an alternative to silicon-based micromachining that uses replica molding of nontraditional elastomeric materials to fabricate stamps and microfluidic channels. We describe here an extension to the soft lithography paradigm, multilayer soft lithography, with which devices consisting of multiple layers may be fabricated from soft materials. We used this technique to build active microfluidic systems containing on-off valves, switching valves, and pumps entirely out of elastomer. The softness of these materials allows the device areas to be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude compared with silicon-based devices. The other advantages of soft lithography, such as rapid prototyping, ease of fabrication, and biocompatibility, are retained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Unger, M A -- Chou, H P -- Thorsen, T -- Scherer, A -- Quake, S R -- DA-9121/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS-11756/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesiveness ; *Biocompatible Materials ; Elasticity ; Materials Testing ; Pressure ; *Prostheses and Implants ; *Silicone Elastomers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, J M -- Chu, S -- Oberhauser, A F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):653-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; Elasticity ; Ion Channels/chemistry ; Kinetics ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; RNA/*chemistry ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: The motility of kinesin motors is explained by a "hand-over-hand" model in which two heads of kinesin alternately repeat single-headed and double-headed binding with a microtubule. To investigate the binding mode of kinesin at the key nucleotide states during adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis, we measured the mechanical properties of a single kinesin-microtubule complex by applying an external load with optical tweezers. Both the unbinding force and the elastic modulus in solutions containing AMP-PNP (an ATP analog) were twice the value of those in nucleotide-free solution or in the presence of both AMP-PNP and adenosine 5'-diphosphate. Thus, kinesin binds through two heads in the former and one head in the latter two states, which supports a major prediction of the hand-over-hand model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawaguchi, K -- Ishiwata, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):667-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11158681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Elasticity ; Kinesin/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1753-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cooking ; Elasticity ; Fats/metabolism ; *Food ; Food Analysis ; *Food Preferences/physiology/psychology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Perception ; *Research ; *Sensation ; Smell ; Taste ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
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    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 445-452 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Keywords Garnets ; Polycrystals ; Hot-pressing ; Elasticity ; Interferometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dense isotropic polycrystalline specimens of majorite-rich garnets (Py100, Py62Mj38, Py50Mj50, Py21Mj79 and Mj100) along the pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12 = Py100)-majorite (MgSiO3 = Mj100) join were fabricated in a 2000-ton uniaxial split-sphere anvil apparatus (USSA-2000) at pressures from 10 to 18.5 GPa and temperatures from 1200 to 1850 °C, within their stability fields in runs of 2–4-h duration, using hot-pressing techniques developed by Gwanmesia et al. (1993). These specimens are single-phased, fine-grained (≤5 mm), free of microcracks, and have bulk densities greater than 99% of the corresponding single-crystal X-ray density. Elastic compressional (P) and shear (S) wave velocities were determined at room pressure and temperature for these polycrystalline garnet specimens by phase comparison ultrasonic interferometry. For Mj100, the P and S wave velocities are within 1% of the Hashin-Shtrikman averages calculated from the single crystal elastic moduli measured by Brillouin spectroscopy. Both the elastic bulk modulus (K) and the shear modulus (G) decrease continuously with increasing majorite content from pyrope garnet (Py100) to pure majorite garnet (Mj100). The compositional dependence of K and G are given by K = 172.3 (40) − 0.085X, and G = 91.6 (10) − 0.038X, where X = mol% majorite), respectively, indicating that substitution of Si for Mg and Al decreases both K and G by about 5% along the solid solution series.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key wordsListeria monocytogenes ; Cell motility ; Actin gel ; Elasticity ; Optical tweezers ; Cell mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report biophysical experiments performed on the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a model system to study actin-based motility. Using optical tweezers and electrophoresis experiments, we find that the bacterium is firmly attached to its tail, and we demonstrate that the tail responds as an elastic gel when deformed. We have measured its elastic modulus at a value of 103–104 Pa, which is 10 times higher than the rigidity of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. These results demonstrate that the bacterium and its tail form a very robust system, consistent with the steadyness of the motion observed in vivo. We propose an elastic model for the propulsion mechanism which takes into account the connection and thus the interaction between the actin filaments. It provides a generic description of the various aspects of actin-tail based movements.
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  • 51
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    Journal of computer-aided materials design 7 (2000), S. 25-42 
    ISSN: 1573-4900
    Keywords: Copper ; Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Molecular dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The elastic fields of displacements, strains, and stresses for a shear circular loop are obtained with the Burgers formula. In addition, interactions between two shear circular loops are obtained based on elasticity theory. A series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a shear circular partial dislocation loop in copper have been performed to examine the elastic solutions. It is found that the results of the MD simulations are in good agreement with those of elasticity theory for a loop with radius ∼7.5 nm.
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  • 52
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    International journal of fracture 102 (2000), S. 177-204 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; half-plane ; boundary integral equations ; hypersingular.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract New complex hypersingular integral equation (CHSIE) is derived for the half-plane containing the inclusions (which can have the different elastic properties), holes, notches and cracks of the arbitrary shape. This equation is obtained by superposition of the equations for each homogeneous region in a half-plane. The last equations follow from the use of complex analogs of Somigliana's displacement and stress identities (SDI and SSI) and Melan's fundamental solution (FS) written in a complex form. The universal numerical algorithm suggested before for the analogous problem for a piece-wise homogeneous plane is extended on case of a half plane. The unknown functions are approximated by complex Lagrange polynomials of the arbitrary degree. The asymptotics for the displacement discontinuities (DD) at the crack tips are taken into account. Only two types of the boundary elements (straight segments and circular arcs) are used to approximate the boundaries. All the integrals involved in CHSIE are evaluated in a closed form. A wide range of elasticity problems for a half-plane with cracks, openings and inclusions are solved numerically.
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  • 53
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    International journal of fracture 102 (2000), S. 371-392 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; body force method ; singular integral equations ; numerical analysis ; three-dimensional analysis ; stress concentration factor ; ellipsoidal inclusion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the interaction among a row of N ellipsoidal inclusions of revolution is considered. Inclusions in a body under both (A) asymmetric uniaxial tension in the x-direction and (B) axisymmetric uniaxial tension in the z-direction are treated in terms of singular integral equations resulting from the body force method. These problems are formulated as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy-type or logarithmic-type singularities, where unknowns are densities of body forces distributed in the r,θ,z directions. In order to satisfy the boundary conditions along the ellipsoidal boundaries, the unknown functions are approximated by a linear combination of fundamental density functions and polynomials. The present method is found to yield rapidly converging numerical results for interface stresses. When the elastic ratio E 1⇒E I/E M〉1, the primary feature of the interaction is a large compressive or tensile stress σn on the interface θ=0. When E 1⇒E I/E M〈1, a large tensile stress σθ or σt on the interface θ=1/2π is of interest. If the spacing b/d and the elastic ratio E I/E M are fixed, the interaction effects are dominant when the shape ratio a/b is large. For any fixed shape and spacing of inclusions, the maximum stress is shown to be linear with the reciprocal of the squared number of inclusions.
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  • 54
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    Review of industrial organization 17 (2000), S. 465-470 
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Elasticity ; music recording industry ; oligopoly ; price dispersions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The present note examines price dispersions inthe music recording industry between new release andmid-line (older) recordings. The model employs theframework developed within the industrial economicsliterature and provides empirical results suggestingthat new release prices are lower than those ofmid-level recordings. This result follows fromdiffering buyer characteristics and varying levelsof close substitutes, leading to higher demandelasticities for new release recordings. Finally,the theoretical expectations should hold in thepresence of either significant scale economies ormodest minimum efficient scales of production.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words In vitro tests ; Elasticity ; Human artery ; Cryopreservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cryopreservation is widely used to preserve blood vessels for a while but is controversially suspected to affect the mechanical behavior of these allografts. The aim of this study was to determine whether differences in the three-dimensional mechanical behavior exist or not between fresh and cryopreserved arteries. Using a previously developed experimental system, in vitro inflation tests were performed on twenty segments of human fresh and cryopreserved arteries, in static conditions. Opening angles were also measured from images of rings in zero-stress state. The initial reference state was chosen as the unloaded state and tests were performed on specimens stretched at natural “in vivo” length. Mechanical measures calculated are “natural” (Hencky) strains (finite deformations), “true” (Cauchy) stresses in radial, circumferential, and longitudinal directions as well as strain energy per unit volume. Tangent moduli are derived from radial and circumferential stress-strain characteristics using non-linear curve fitting. Values of incremental and pressure-strain elastic parameters, wall stiffness, and compliance per unit length are also calculated. Results are presented in terms of characteristics of stresses and strains in the three directions, axial force, tangent moduli vs strains or stresses, and energy per unit volume, for both types of artery, with reference to transmural pressure. Detailed numerical results are given at mean transmural pressure or in the physiological range. Significant differences are indicated by statistic Student T-tests. Results obtained show that significant differences exist between rheological properties of fresh and cryopreserved segments of human artery. Strains, stresses, axial force, strain energy, and wall stiffness values highlight those differences whereas elastic parameters, compliance, and opening angle do not. The usefulness of some parameters to compare the mechanical behavior existing between fresh and cryopreserved arteries is therefore underlined.
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  • 56
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    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Separation analyzer ; Organoclay dispersions ; Elasticity ; Emulsion stability ; Emulsions stabilized by clay derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a newly developed separation analyzer is demonstrated by characterization of the sedimentation kinetics and the swelling behavior of organoclays in binary solvent mixtures (toluene/cyclohexane) as well as by investigation of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by clay derivatives. The automatic measuring system – LUMiFuge 114 – is based on a special centrifuge with an integrated optoelectronic sensor system which allows the measuring of spatial and temporal changes of light transmission during the rotation in a variable centrifugal field (12–1200g). By using the new device a fast and reproducible characterization of settling behavior and dispersion stability was possible. Moreover, the evaluation of the long-term stability of samples with high separation stability as well as of the heterogenity of the separation process, the sample transparency and the elasticity of the sediment as a function of alternating centrifugal force could be carried out.
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  • 57
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    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 333-338 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Biomechanics ; Cortical bone ; Young's modulus ; Anisotropy ; Elasticity ; Ultrasonics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The anisotropy of Young's modulus in human cortical bone was determined for all spatial directions by performing coordinate rotations of a 6 by 6 elastic stiffness matrix. The elastic stiffness coefficients were determined experimentally from ultrasonic velocity measurements on 96 samples of normal cortical bone removed from the right tibia of eight human cadavers. The following measured values were used for our analysis: c 11 =19.5 GPa, c 22 =20.1 GPa, c 33 =30.9 GPa, c 44 =5.72 GPa, c 55 =5.17 GPa, c 66 =4.05 GPa, c 23 =12.5 GPa. The remaining coefficients were determined by assuming that the specimens possessed at least an orthorhombic elastic symmetry, and further assuming that c 13 =c 23 , c 12 =c 11 –2c 66 . Our analysis revealed a substantial anisotropy in Young's modulus in the plane containing the long axis of the tibia, with maxima of 20.9 GPa parallel to the long axis, and minima of 11.8 GPa perpendicular to this axis. A less pronounced anisotropy was observed in the plane perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia. To display our results for the full three-dimensional anisotropy of cortical bone, a closed surface was used to represent Young's modulus in all spatial directions.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Approximation ; Elasticity ; Exact and approximate controllability ; Heat equations ; Stabilization ; Thermoelasticity ; Thermoviscoelasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper is to review developments in exact and approximate controllability as well as stabilization of elastic, thermoelastic, and thermo-viscoelastic bodies. Heat equations are also discussed.
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  • 59
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    International journal of fracture 103 (2000), S. 19-39 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; composite material ; fracture mechanics ; fiber ; generalized stress intensity factor ; end effect ; interaction ; rectangular inclusions.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the mechanical strength of fiber reinforced composites it is necessary to consider singular stresses at the end of fibers because they cause crack initiation, propagation, and final failure. The singular stress is expressed by generalized stress intensity factors defined at the corner of fibers. As a 2D model an interaction between rectangular inclusions under longitudinal tension is treated in this paper. The body force method is used to formulate the problem as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy-type or logarithmic-type singularities, where the unknown functions are the densities of body forces distributed in infinite plates having the same elastic constants as those of the matrix and inclusions. In order to analyze the problem accurately, the unknown functions are expressed as piecewize smooth functions using two types of fundamental densities and power series, where the fundamental densities are chosen to represent the symmetric stress singularity of 1/r 1−λ 1 and the skew-symmetric stress singularity of 1/r 1−λ 2. Then, generalized stress intensity factors at the end of inclusions are systematically calculated for various locations, spacings and elastic modulus of two rectangular inclusions in a plate subjected to longitudinal tension.
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  • 60
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 143, no. 2, pp. 279-294, pp. L23608
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Seismology ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; thermodynamics ; compression ; earth Core ; GJI
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  • 61
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    In:  Tectonophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 328, no. 3-4, pp. 245-267, pp. B05S07, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Trans-European suture zone (Tornquist-Teisseyre zone/line) ; Geol. aspects ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; Structural geology
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  • 62
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Helsinki, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment University of Iceland, vol. 120, no. 1-2, pp. 93-101, pp. B05S14, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Stress ; Diffusion ; porosity ; Elasticity ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)
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  • 63
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Leipzig, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 105, no. B1, pp. 631-652, pp. 2458, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Dislocation ; sphere ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; Subduction zone ; 3210 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; (new ; field) ; Modeling ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 8162 ; Tectonophysics ; Rheology--mantle ; JGR
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  • 64
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Naples, AGU, vol. 27, no. 21, pp. 3553-3556, pp. 1273, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Waves ; Teleseismic events ; physics ; 0935 ; 7200 ; 7212 ; 7294 ; GRL
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  • 65
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Deutsche Geophys. Gesellschaft, vol. 105, no. B10, pp. 23,791-23,810, pp. B08302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Dynamic ; Modelling ; Stress ; Inhomogeneity ; SOC ; Earthquake asperities ; Earthquake barriers ; weakening ; nucleation ; Source ; JGR ; Non-linear effects ; 3220 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; Nonlinear ; dynamics ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameters ; Seismology ; 7260 ; Theory ; and ; modeling
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  • 66
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    Academic Press
    In:  New York, Academic Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 3-540-44363-0)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Structural geology ; Textbook of geology ; Elasticity ; Stress ; Modelling ; software
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  • 67
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Warszawa, Pergamon, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 181-192, pp. L19306, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fluids ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Modelling ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; Volcanology ; dykes ; Two-dimensional ; Elasticity ; Boundary Element Method ; GJI
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  • 68
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    In:  Journal of Applied Geophysics, London, Geological Society, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 313-325, pp. L11303, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Fluids ; Acoustics ; porosity ; Applied geophysics
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  • 69
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Warszawa, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 143, no. 2, pp. 311-318, pp. 1496, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Green's function ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; GJI
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  • 70
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Regensburg, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 37, no. 1-2, pp. 161-174, pp. TC5001, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Strike-slip ; Elasticity
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    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  New York, 475 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 1-4020-1408-2)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Waves ; Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Non-linear effects ; Fluids ; Elasticity ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; hydro-dynamics
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  • 72
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 105, no. B1, pp. 433-442, pp. L09303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Inelastic ; Acoustic emission ; SOC ; Elasticity ; Laboratory measurements ; ice ; Fracture ; Physical properties of rocks ; Non-linear effects ; JGR ; 3220 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; (new ; field) ; Nonlinear ; dynamics ; 3902 ; Mineral ; physics ; Creep ; and ; deformation ; 5102 ; Physical ; properties ; of ; rocks ; Acoustic ; properties ; 5120 ; Plasticity, ; diffusion, ; and ; creep
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  • 73
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Kunming, China, 3-4, vol. 37, no. 1-2, pp. 79-87, pp. 2180, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Geothermics ; porosity ; temperature ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks
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  • 74
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    Princeton Univ. Press
    In:  Princeton, N.J., 276 pp., Princeton Univ. Press, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 3-7643-6675-3)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; porosity ; Biot ; Fluids
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  • 75
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Charleston, South Carolina, California Division of Mines San Francisco, vol. 121, no. 3-4, pp. 273-288, pp. B08305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Modelling ; Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Geoelectrics ; Stress ; PEPI
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  • 76
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    In:  Geophysics, Philadelphia, 4, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 202-210, pp. B05S10, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Modelling ; Attenuation ; Dispersion ; Elasticity ; Synthetic seismograms ; Fluids ; porosity
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  • 77
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    Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland
    Keywords: DDC 531/.381 ; LC QA931 ; Elasticity
    Pages: Online-Ressource (3 v)
    ISBN: 9780444828910
    Language: English
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  • 78
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    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 253-279 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Technique. This work is based not only on the fixed preparations, but also on fresh cover-slip preparations treated with neutral red or 2 per cent osmic acid for a short time.Golgi elements and fatty yolk. The Golgi elements are hollow vesicular bodies with a distinct osmiophilic rim and a central osmiophobic substance. In the youngest oocyte they form a circumnuclear ring. Gradually the vesicles spread out, grow in size, store up fat in their interior, and give rise to the fatty yolk. On account of their higher refractive index, due to the presence of fat, the Golgi vesicles can be occasionally seen even in the young oocytes without any treatment.Mitochondria. The mitochondrial granules also form a circumnuclear ring and are later distributed uniformly.Albuminous yolk. The albuminous yolk is nucleolar in origin. Early in oogenesis, the nucleous buds off small, homogeneous, and highly chromatic particles in the cytoplasm, which sooner or later disappear. Subsequently, the nucleolus becomes less chromatic and develops vacuolar bodies in its interior, which, becoming vacuolated exactly like the parent nucleolus, migrate into the the cytoplasm. These bodies become more and more chromatic and travel toward the periphery of the egg, where they grow in size. Ultimately they break down into small, homogeneous, and highly chromatic bodies which are the definitive albuminous yolk spheres and which subsequently grow enormously in size.
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  • 79
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Maturation of the male germ cells in the rat shows some slight modifications of the typical procedure in sex cells, a distinct and rather prolonged synapsis occurring before synizesis and a confused stage immediately after it. The clumping in synizesis is not extreme. In the mixed strain of rats both twenty-one and thirty-one tetrads appear in the late diakinesis. This procedure in the male resembles the maturation of the oocytes in only two points, the beginning of the process, the deutobroch nuclei, and the end of it when the haploid number of chromosomes take their places on the spindle.
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  • 80
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    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 493-541 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cells of the blastoderm which are to form the serosa are two- to four-nucleate; the smaller cells of the embryonic rudiment, uninucleate. The band-like embryonic rudiment encircles the yolk at the equator of the egg. The amnion does not begin to form until after the serosa completely covers embryo and yolk. The epithelium of the midgut arises from cells situated at the tips of stomodaeum and proctodaeum. These cells, though not differentiated from adjacent ectoderm at the time of the invagination, are nevertheless interpreted as part of the preprimordium of the endoderm. In the eighty-four-hour stage a fold of amnion grows over the dorsal side of the embryo, entirely covering it in the course of the next few hours. A portion of the amnion thus forms the dorsal wall of the embryo. At the completion of the amnion the embryo rotates so that its ventral side is directed toward the egg center. The amnion raptures just before the larva begins to feed on the yolk which still remains around it. The serosa is consumed before hatching, which takes place about five and one-half days after deposition.
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  • 81
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    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 585-609 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The caeca of fourteen bantam fowls have been studied. These fowls ranged in age from six days' incubation to three years after hatching. Between the fifth and sixth days of incubation rectal caeca arise as evaginations from the intestine at the junction of the ileum with the colon. The develoing caeca closely resemble histologically the intestine to which they are attached.The caeca are essentially devoid of content until about the nineteenth day of incubation, but during the remaining days of incubation are gorged with a bluish-gray material similar to that found in the colon. Thus, an early defecatory function is indicated.In general, the proximal third of the caeca remains histologically similar to the intestine, but the distal two-thirds undergoes regression. The latter involves the atrophy of the epithelium and glands, accompanied by the appearance of lymphoid tissue. Much of the lymphoid tissue eventually disappears, to a large extent by atrophy and dissolution of the leukocytes. However, to some extent, lymphocytes develop into granulocytes which escape with other leukocytes into the lumina of the caeca and there disintegrate.Lymph nodules begin to appear in the caeca about one week after the chick hatches. The leukocytes, at least in part, arise in situ from the reticular stroma. Eosinophils arise in certain areas of the tunica propria, and in the earlier stages of their development resemble large lymphocytes, in the cytoplasm of which basophilic, amphophilic, and acidophilic granules are intermingled.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the ovary of the rat the ova arise by proliferations from the germinal epithelium, all cells of which are potential ova. This proliferation begins with the differentiation of the gonad, and may last as long as 369 days postpartum. The embryonic ovary is filled with ova which pass through the typical maturation phases. This continues until five days after parturition. These ova degenerate, none being found in the ovary of the twenty-day rat. After the fifth day postpartum, nuclear development in the ova changes until, by the twentieth day, no typical maturation phases are present. With the degeneration of the embryonic ova the ovary takes on the adult structure.The ovary of the adult female rat shows a modified type of meiosis in the germ cells, while that of the embryo shows the typical phases, indicating that this is the primitive type, with the modified form an acquired characteristic.Ova in a single rat may show both twenty-one and thirty-one chromosomes.Follicle cells are formed from the cells of the germinal epithelium and, like the sex cells, may have both forty-two and sixty-two chromosomes in a single follicle. The lutein cells also show both forty-two and sixty-two chromosomes in a single corpus luteum. The chromosomes of the lutein cells enlarge with the expansion of the cell to a size greatly in excess of the chromosomes of the somatic cells. The theca interna is derived from the tunica albuginea.
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  • 83
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    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929), S. 89-133 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During the telophases each chromosome becomes inclosed in an individual sac or vesicle which, together with its contents, is called a chromosomal vesicle. The vesicular membrane is of cytoplasmic origin, but is formed under the influence of the chromosome and a droplet of karyolymph. A precise numerical correspondence between chromosomes and chromosomal vesicles has not been established, but it is evidence that most, if not all, of the chromosomal vesicles retain their individuality during the resting stage and until after the new chromosomes have been fully formed.The transformation of the telophase chromosome into the reticulum of the resting stage and the manner in which a new chromosome is formed from a portion of this reticulum are described in detail. In the early prophases each developing chromosome is embedded in a sheath or matrix of less deeply basophilic material, which disappears before the middle prophase is reached.The formation of chromosomal vesicles is interpreted as a device for doing more rapidly and effectively, under stress of special circumstances, the work that the nucleus must accomplish during the so-called resting stage.
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  • 84
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    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 85
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    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929), S. 283-333 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The significance of the ultimobranchial body has been the object of a comparative study of the structure in twenty-four species of urodeles. In nineteen of these it has not hitherto been described.Caudal to the last branchial arch, it develops as a thickening and later as an outpushing from the ventral wall of the pharynx. Due to the growth mechanics of the region, it comes to lie obliquely to the pharynx, ventral to it, and dorsal or dorsolateral to the pericardial cavity in its anterior region. It persists throughout life as an epithelioid or epithelial structure, usually of irregular shape, frequently containing vesicles; in some cases it exhibits a considerable amount of secretory activity of variable quality. Except in Amphiuma and Necturus, where it is regularly paired, and in occasional instances in individuals of other species, where it occurs on both sides, it is usually present on the left side only. Its occurrence is constant in all of the species of urodeles for which it has been examined.It is variable in size, form, and position. This, together with the quite inconstant indication of secretory activity, marks it as a structure of little or no physiological significance. ‘Colloid’ is, however, present in some instances, and hence a comparison with the thyroid was considered.
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  • 86
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    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929), S. 435-478 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The perivisceral fluid of Pheretima indica (Horst) contains five types of leucocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, lamprocytes, and linocytes. The granulocytes differentiate either from free lymphocytes, from peritoneal epithelial cells lining the leucocytopoietic organs, or from lymphocytes (hemocytoblasts) embedded in these organs. The lymphocyte is a hemocytoblast. The eosinophilic granulocyte is the most numerous of the several types of granulocytes. Morphologically and tinctorially, it resembles the eosinophil of fishes. The eosinophil granule is thought to arise either by a ripening of a basophil granule and to pass through a metachromatic phase during this process, or by being formed immediately without such a ripening process in small hemocytoblasts. The stimulus for the excessive production of eosinophils is thought to be the degree of infection of the leucocytopoietic organs by a species of the gregarine, Monocystis.A series of segmentally arranged leucocytopoietic organs is described for the first time in the oligochaetes. These organs are essentially foldings of the septa and offer sacculations in which leucocytopoiesis may take place.A discussion of the possible phylogeny of the hemocytopoietic organs of the invertebrates and vertebrates is given.
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  • 87
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    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929), S. 555-587 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The germ cells of Lebistes are found in cysts; the younger cysts are toward the cortex. Mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are present. During maturation leptotene, bouquet, pachytene, and diakinesis figures are seen. The spermatocyte chromosomes number twenty-three; an X-Y pair is probably present, though the evidence is not conclusive. In spermatid formation the centriole divides to form a rodlet and an axial filament; the nucleus segregates into two materials, one of which is extruded; the remainder first contracts to a cup, comes in contact with the rodlet, then again forms a sphere. The mitochondria are arranged along the proximal part of the axial filament; the sphere flattens and elongates; the rodlet sinks into the head substance and is enfolded by it. The Golgi remnant is sloughed off with the residual cytoplasm, which disappears at the same time the Sertoli cells show an increase in size, suggesting their ingestion of the spermatid remnants. The mature sperm form spermatozeugmen, which are stored in the testicular canal; they are transferred to the female by aid of the modified anal fin.
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  • 88
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    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 81-103 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A comparative study of the embryology of the rabbit in races of large and small adult size shows a consistently more rapid rate of cell multiplication and of increase in mass in large-race embryos than in those of small race.This more rapid rate of growth is transm tted by and influenced equally by sperm and egg cell, as is shown by the results of reciprocal crosses.Rate of differentiation is independent of rate of growth and unaffected by it. Consequently, embryos of the large race have attained greater size than those of the small race at corresponding stage of differentiation.The fundamental difference in rate of growth is already in evidence in forty-eight-hour embryos and becomes increasingly clear at later stages. Embryos produced by the large race have undergone about one more cell division at forty-eight hours after mating and so are approximately in the thirty-two-cell stage when embryos of the small race are in the sixteen-cell stage.
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  • 89
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    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929), S. 135-199 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Definite information concerning the time of development and location of the different imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster was needed in order to interpret especially the gynandromorphs, mosaics, and intersexes that have been extensively reported in cultures of this fly. This information was also desirable for many of the mutant types. It was not known, for example, when an organ was reduced or absent, whether its imaginal disc showed a corresponding reduction, or whether it was full size in the larvae and pupae, and failed to carry through to the later stages.Three mutant types with eyes smaller than those of the wild type, namely, lozenge, bar, and eyeless, were examined. It was found that there is a corresponding difference in size as far back as the imaginal disc could be detected. Similarly for the two mutants, vestigial and no-wing. Conversely for the mutant, bithorax, in which the metathorax is larger than the normal and has assumed many of the characters of the normal mesothorax, the imaginal disc was correspondingly enlarged.It follows that the effects of the mutant genes for these characters can be observed in the very earliest condition of the imaginal disc.
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  • 90
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    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 45-79 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: It was found that thyroid deficiency in the albino rat (Mus norvegicus albinus) is followed by a trend to increased concentration of epinephrin in the suprarenals. The basis of this lies in the relatively greater retrogression of the cortex as contrasted with the medulla which becomes a relatively greater proportion of the organ as a whole. Confirmatory evidence is found in cell counts per unit area and the part of the disappearance of lipoid from the cortical cells of the suprarenals of thyroidless animals.
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  • 91
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    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 123-151 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: From a study of over 1000 mothers, the female chromosome number appears to be 2N = 22; N = 11. The male number has not been exactly determined, but is presumably not haploid. Only one maturation division occurs in the parthenogenetic egg, and the authors have seen only one in the sexual egg. During the growth stages of the eggs, the chromatin is totally obscured by a large amount of deeply staining nucleolar material which exhibits several phases. Ultimately, this material is apparently absorbed into the ooplasm. Just before the egg is laid, the ovoid chromosomes, in late prophase or in metaphase, are seen in a germinal vesicle situated always at one side of the egg. The maturation division occurs immediately after egg laying. A degenerate body, hitherto undescribed, is noted in the ripe parthenogenetic egg, situated at the pole opposite the germinal vesicle. It is believed to arise by reorganization of nucleolar substance. The body in the sexual egg desribed by Weismann and Ishikawa ('91) as the Paracopulationzelle is noted and its interpretation by these authors questioned, but, for lack of sufficient evidence, no counter-explanation is offered. The possible relation between experimental sex control and the time of maturation division in the parathenogenetic egg is discussed.
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  • 92
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    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929), S. 37-87 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The vesicular nucleus of this amoeboflagellate is similar in structure in both phases of its life-cycle. It has a fairly large caryosome surrounded by a pericaryosomal area in which there are small oxyphilic pericaryosomal granules on a fine reticulum. On the inner surface of the definite caryotheca is a layer of epithecal chromatic granules.Nuclear division is similar in both amoeba and flagellate phases. During the prophase the nucleus enlarges, and the expanded caryosome becomes resolved into basophilic and oxyphilic components and assumes either an oblong, dumb-bell, or spindle shape. The pericaryosomal granules enlarge, shift about, and eventually become arranged in an equatorial band around the elongated caryosome. In the metaphase the equatorial plate of chromosomes appears after the inward migration of the pericaryosomal granules, accompanied by the formation of a definite intranuclear spindle, usually with polar masses, polar granules, and a centrodesmose. After the poleward migration of the daughter plates of chromosomes in the anaphase, the telophase constriction of the nuclear membrane produces two daughter nuclei with a portion of the spindle remaining outside. The epithecal layer of granules remains in place on the nuclear membrane during the entire process of mitosis. Plasmotomy normally follows mitosis, but may be delayed, giving rise to multinucleate individuals. In the flagellate the blepharoplast usually divides simultaneously with, but independently of, the nucleus. There are many divergences in the details of mitosis, but these are thought to be variations of one type of division rather than examples of different processes.
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  • 93
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Notes: In sections the protoplasm of the spinning gland of Platyphylax designatus Walker appears to be a syncytium with large, branching nuclei, which contain both nucleoli and chromatin granules embedded in a delicate linin reticulum.In the normal gland the nucleus is sharply marked off by a nuclear membrane from the granular, homogeneous cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus appears as rings, loops, or comma-like structures, evenly distributed and without orientation to the nucleus or lumen of the gland.The nucleoli first increase both in number and size within the nucleus, then migrate out into the cytoplasm, where they undergo further growth, and finally are dissolved and passed out into the lumen of the gland as liquid secretion.Small vacuoles appear near the periphery of the gland in early periods of activity.In glands active for forty-eight hours all stages of the secretory process may be seen.In glands active for longer periods only vacuoles are present which we interpret as the remains of the secretory inclusions. There is a progressive decrease in the nuclear content of the nucleus.Throughout the activity of the gland the Golgi apparatus changes little from the normal condition, both in form and distribution. As activity progresses, the bodies become smaller and slightly more dispersed. No relation of Golgi apparatus to the secretory phenomenon is apparent.
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    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929), S. 415-433 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The diploid number of twenty-six chromosomes was found in the mature parthenogenetic female-producing eggs and also in the somatic cells of the female embryos developing from such eggs. In the maturation stages of a few of these eggs the chromosomes were markedly larger than in the corresponding stages of the majority of the eggs. Whether this size difference of the chromosomes is correlated with male- and female-producing individuals has not been determined. The mature parthenogenetic male-producing eggs contain the haploid number of thirteen chromosomes, and this number was found also in the somatic cells of the young male embryos. The mature sexual eggs contain thirteen chromosomes.In spermatogenesis the secondary spermatocyte divisions are usually omitted and the secondary spermatocytes develop directly into the motile spermatozoa containing thirteen chromosomes. A few, however, of the secondary spermatocytes divide, forming spermatids containing fewer than thirteen chromosomes. These cells develop into the non-motile and rudimentary spermatozoa.The motile spermatozoa containing thirteen chromosomes unite with the parthenogenetic male-producing eggs containing thirteen chromosomes, thus producing the fertilized eggs with the diploid number of twenty-six chromosomes. These fertilized eggs develop into female-producing females which reproduce parthenogenetically.
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    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929), S. 519-529 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The liver has a rhythmic function with alternating assimilatory and secretory stages. The height of the assimilatory stage in rabbit's liver is characterized by the following qualities: All the cells are usually expanded and contain much glycogen and few bile components. The bile capillaries are narrow and generally empty. The glycogen content is high (about 13 per cent); the total glycogen weight is also high (about 17 grams). The liver has a relatively heavy weight (about 140 grams), a large volume, notably firm consistency, and a light brown color.The secretory stage at its height has the following characteristics: All cells are shrunken and are rich in bile components, but contain little glycogen. The bile capillaries are expanded and filled with secretion (fixation with barium chloride). The glycogen content is low (about 1 per cent), and the total glycogen weight is also low (about 1/2 gram). Weight of liver low (about 50 grams). Volume small and consistency fairly flaccid. Color dark reddish brown.Between these two extremes are various intermediary stages. Such variations as these probably occur during the normal functioning of the liver in man and also in other animals.
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    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 1-43 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The parenchymal cells in the parathyroids of Rana catesbeiana (Shaw) are found to undergo a very curious cyclic change. The cytoplasm is broken down by a process of cytolysis. The nuclei are decomposed by chromatolysis and pycnosis. The entire parenchyma is finally liquefied, except for a layer of cells lining the capsule.The parathyroid body is reconstructed by young cells which are produced from rather definite growth centers. The process of regeneration begins some time before cytolysis is completed and continues until the entire organ is restored.The cytolytic and regenerative processes transpire in such sequence that the amount of apparently healthy tissue present at any one time is a rather large portion of the total mass normally present.The relationship between the parenchymal tissue and the stroma of the parathyroid is described.
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    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 153-171 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A description of the gross embryology of the sex apparatus of a common diplopod, the corn millipede. The life-cycle of this animal involves eleven instars extending over a period of three years.In the male the true first legs are shed at the ninth ecdysis and the large clasping appendages are substituted through the last three instars. In the region of the second body somite the fused coxal plate and the penes are developed at the final molt; the second appendages are reduced at this time. The greatest changes occur in the region of the seventh somite, where the legs are shed about the eighth ecdysis and the gonopods developed through the remaining instars. It is evident that these gonopods arise as a modification of the sternites of the seventh somite.In the female the second legs are reduced to vestiges at the final molt. The structures at the mouth of the oviducts are developed from the surrounding tissues and the modified sternites of the reduced second legs. These changes are in progress as early as the seventh instar, but the greatest changes occur at the final ecdysis.
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    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 281-316 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The arterial system of Uromastix hardwickii retains many primitive features and shows great resemblance and relationship to that of Sphenodon. The heart is typically reptilian. Two systemics and a pulmonary arch arise from the ventricle. The conus arteriosus is absent. The carotids arise together from the right systemic by means of a small common carotis primaria. A very well-developed ductus caroticus connects each carotid with the systemic arch of its side. The ductus arteriosus (ductus Botalli) is absent.The dorsal aorta is formed by the union of both the systemic arches. The left systemic joins entire while the right one, which is termed systemicocarotid trunk, gives off the carotids, the vertebral, a single subclavian, and two pairs of parietal arteries, before the union. Anterior epigastric arteries are altogether absent. The dorsal aorta gives off fifteen pairs of parietal arteries which are segmentally arranged. All the main branches supplying the alimentary canal and other viscerala organs arise independently of one another, there being no such combination as is found in Varanus.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rate of locomotion in Amoeba proteus is dependent upon the nature of the substratum, the nature of the different divalent and monovalent cations present, and the ratio of the amount of the monovalent cations to the amount of calcium or strontium. Calcium is more efficient than strontium in antagonizing potassium. Magnesium and barium do not antagonize potassium. The four monovalent cations studied in antagonizing calcium are efficient in the following order: Na〉K〉Li〉Rb. Calcium and potassium are more effective against antagonistic cations when combined with chlorine than when combined with phosphate.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 543-561 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The parietal fossa or pit is situated in the middorsal line between the ear capsules. From its floor four (sometimes only two) apertures lead into the ear capsules. The anterior apertures are the foramina of the endolymphatic ducts; the posterior ones are the fenestrae. Through the fossa each endolymphatic duct passes from its formen to its external aperture in the dorsal integument, describing in its course a loop with the convexity directed anteriorly. The part of the duct involving the loop is enlarged into an endolymphatic pouch. Into the angle of this loop a small muscle is inserted which is a continuation of the anterior trunk muscles, or one taking a more lateral origin from the edge of the fossa. The fenestra may or may not be closed by a definite fenestral membrane. The posterior semicircular canal (posterior utriculus) bears a peculiar relation to the fenestra. The endolymphatic pouch, like the sacculus, contains otoconia, and sometimes siliceous sand grains. Various functions have been assigned to the endolymphatic organ. There is no convincing experimental evidence as to its significance.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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