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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (7,128)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3,680)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (2,067)
  • Elasticity
  • 2000-2004  (77)
  • 1975-1979  (8,952)
  • 1935-1939  (3,955)
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  • 1
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Kunming, China, 4, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 65 & 70, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Elasticity ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; GRL
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  • 2
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    In:  Geophysical Journal International, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 156, no. 2, pp. 171-178, pp. 1892
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Elasticity ; GJI ; crustal ; deformation, ; flexure ; of ; the ; lithosphere ; lithospheric ; deformation, ; numerical ; techniques
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  • 3
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 159, no. 2, pp. 667-678, pp. L15313, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Anisotropy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Lame ; elastic ; tensor, ; seismic ; anisotropy, ; symmetry ; class ; upper ; mantle ; GJI
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  • 4
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    In:  Pageoph, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 161, no. 7, pp. 1305-1327, pp. 1008, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; earthquake ; series, ; rifting, ; shear ; Stress ; Elasticity ; Fernandez ; PAG
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  • 5
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Tübingen, Europ. Ass. Exploration Geophys., vol. 142, no. 1-2, pp. 113-135, pp. TC4007, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Rheology ; Fault zone ; Geothermics ; Elasticity ; PEPI
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  • 6
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 264 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN 052)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Wave propagation ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Acoustics ; Elasticity ; Layers ; Cagniard ; Inversion ; WKBJ ; Maslov ; Born ; Kirchhoff ; Migration of earthquakes ; Inhomogeneity ; more ; advanced ; than ; Aki ; and ; Richards ; MATLAB
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: Networks of cross-linked and bundled actin filaments are ubiquitous in the cellular cytoskeleton, but their elasticity remains poorly understood. We show that these networks exhibit exceptional elastic behavior that reflects the mechanical properties of individual filaments. There are two distinct regimes of elasticity, one reflecting bending of single filaments and a second reflecting stretching of entropic fluctuations of filament length. The mechanical stiffness can vary by several decades with small changes in cross-link concentration, and can increase markedly upon application of external stress. We parameterize the full range of behavior in a state diagram and elucidate its origin with a robust model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardel, M L -- Shin, J H -- MacKintosh, F C -- Mahadevan, L -- Matsudaira, P -- Weitz, D A -- GM52703/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1301-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*chemistry/metabolism ; Actins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Elasticity ; Entropy ; Mathematics ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York, Cambridge U. Press, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Dynamic ; Waves ; Wave propagation
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  • 9
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    Academic Press, 416 pp.
    In:  Princeton, Academic Press, 416 pp., vol. 15, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; poro-elasticity ; Physical properties of rocks ; Gueguen ; Bouteca
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  • 10
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    Elsevier, 424 pp.
    In:  Chemnitz, Elsevier, 424 pp., vol. 50, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-043930-6)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Hamilton ; Lagrange ; Christoffel ; Euler ; Inhomogeneity ; Anisotropy ; Legendre ; Transformations
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  • 11
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    In:  Science, Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 300, no. 5622, pp. 1121-1123, pp. L19606, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: Oblique motion along tectonic boundaries is commonly partitioned into slip on faults with different senses of motion. The origin of slip partitioning is important to structural geology, tectonophysics, and earthquake mechanics. Partitioning can be explained by the upward elastoplastic propagation of oblique slip from a fault or shear zone at depth. The strain field ahead of the propagating fault separates into zones of predominantly normal, reverse, and strike-slip faulting. The model successfully predicts the distribution of fault types along parts of the San Andreas and Haiyuan faults.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Fault zone ; Structural geology ; FROTH
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  • 12
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 40, no. 7-8, pp. 1121-1140, pp. 1246
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Stress measurements ; Stress ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Borehole geophys. ; IJRM ; Geothermics ; Elasticity
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  • 13
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    In:  Geophysical Journal International, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 154, no. 3, pp. 852-866, pp. 8011, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Synthetic seismograms ; waveform ; Inversion ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Source ; GJI
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  • 14
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    Birkhäuser
    In:  Boston, 360 pp., Birkhäuser, vol. 1, no. XVI:, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 3-7643-0253-4)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Fluids ; poro ; Elasticity ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Physical properties of rocks ; Rock mechanics ; PAG
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  • 15
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    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Taipei, AGU, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 195-207, pp. B06410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Hankel ; Transformations ; Thomson-Haskell ; propagator ; algorithm ; Thomson-Haskell method ; Green ; numerical ; instability ; software ; Martin ; FROTH ; RWANG ; FLORENZO ; SPAROLAI
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  • 16
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    Springer-Verlag
    In:  New York, Springer-Verlag, vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 585, (ISBN 1-85233-708-7)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of mathematics ; Geothermics ; heat ; flow ; elasticity ; electrostatics ; hydrodynamics ; electromagnetism ; chemical ; diffusion ; biological ; modeling ; Waves ; Laplace ; Poisson ; Love ; Reflectivity ; FRefraction seismics
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  • 17
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 444 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN: 0 521 52046 0 (pb); ISBN: 0 521 81730 7 (hb))
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: ... Pujol's book differs from the others in its purely theoretical approach to the generation and propagation of seismic waves. The author aims to fill a gap between the advanced books and the introductory ones, providing a complete derivation of the mathematical developments. ... One does not have to look for proofs elsewhere.
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Source ; Wave propagation ; theory
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  • 18
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    In:  Geophysics, Taipei, AGU, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 705-717, pp. B06410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Inhomogeneity ; Kuempel ; Kumpel
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  • 19
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    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 2297-2309, pp. 2519, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Inelastic ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Rayleigh waves ; Surface waves ; BSSA
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  • 20
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Heidelberg, 3-4, vol. 107, no. B2, pp. ESE 2-1 to ESE 2-17, pp. 2074, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Fluids ; Stress ; Physical properties of rocks ; Rock mechanics ; Elasticity ; triggering ; Seismicity ; Friction ; one-dimensional ; flow ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7260 ; Theory ; and ; modeling ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameter ; JGR
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  • 21
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 149, no. 3, pp. 698-723, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Modelling ; Dislocation ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; GJI
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  • 22
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    In:  International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Luxembourg, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 905-916, pp. B04203, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; plane ; Strain ; Stress ; Mining geophysics ; Borehole breakouts
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  • 23
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    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Klagenfurt, Nuclear Technology Publ., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 679-692, pp. L14312, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Modelling ; Two-dimensional ; Elasticity ; C&G
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  • 24
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    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Cambridge, 287 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN 3-0521-81830-3)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Rheology ; Inelastic
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  • 25
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    Elsevier / Academic Press
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology - Part A, Amsterdam, Elsevier / Academic Press, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 539-557, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Stress ; Review article
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  • 26
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    University Science Books
    In:  Sausalito, XVIII+700 pp., University Science Books, vol. 1, pp. 559-932, (ISBN 0-935702-96-2)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: SRICHWALSKI ; Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Source ; SModelling ; Spectrum ; Instruments ; Inversion ; Waves ; Surface waves ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Reflection seismics ; Inhomogeneity ; Detectors ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Dynamic ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fracture ; Seismometer ; AnisotropyS ; Dispersion ; CMT ; Moment tensor ; FractureT ; self-similarity ; tunneling ; whispering ; galleries ; normal ; Stress ; changes ; during ; rupture
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  • 27
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    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics, Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment, University of Iceland, vol. 159, no. 9, pp. 1951-1966, pp. B05316, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Fracture ; Source ; Rheology ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Waves ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Modelling ; PAG
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  • 28
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    Elsevier / Academic Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology - Part A, Amsterdam, Elsevier / Academic Press, vol. 81A, no. 1, pp. 559-568, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Stress ; Lithosphere ; Review article
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: The introduction of biodegradable implant materials as well as minimally invasive surgical procedures in medicine has substantially improved health care within the past few decades. This report describes a group of degradable thermoplastic polymers that are able to change their shape after an increase in temperature. Their shape-memory capability enables bulky implants to be placed in the body through small incisions or to perform complex mechanical deformations automatically. A smart degradable suture was created to illustrate the potential of these shape-memory thermoplastics in biomedical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lendlein, Andreas -- Langer, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1673-6. Epub 2002 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉mnemoScience GmbH, Pauwelsstrabetae 19, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. a.lendlein@mnemoscience.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Dioxanes/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Elastomers ; Isocyanates/chemistry ; Mechanics ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polyesters/chemistry ; *Polymers/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Rats ; Stress, Mechanical ; *Sutures ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Spider silks are protein-based "biopolymer" filaments or threads secreted by specialized epithelial cells as concentrated soluble precursors of highly repetitive primary sequences. Spider dragline silk is a flexible, lightweight fiber of extraordinary strength and toughness comparable to that of synthetic high-performance fibers. We sought to "biomimic" the process of spider silk production by expressing in mammalian cells the dragline silk genes (ADF-3/MaSpII and MaSpI) of two spider species. We produced soluble recombinant (rc)-dragline silk proteins with molecular masses of 60 to 140 kilodaltons. We demonstrated the wet spinning of silk monofilaments spun from a concentrated aqueous solution of soluble rc-spider silk protein (ADF-3; 60 kilodaltons) under modest shear and coagulation conditions. The spun fibers were water insoluble with a fine diameter (10 to 40 micrometers) and exhibited toughness and modulus values comparable to those of native dragline silks but with lower tenacity. Dope solutions with rc-silk protein concentrations 〉20% and postspinning draw were necessary to achieve improved mechanical properties of the spun fibers. Fiber properties correlated with finer fiber diameter and increased birefringence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazaris, Anthoula -- Arcidiacono, Steven -- Huang, Yue -- Zhou, Jiang-Feng -- Duguay, Francois -- Chretien, Nathalie -- Welsh, Elizabeth A -- Soares, Jason W -- Karatzas, Costas N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):472-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nexia Biotechnologies, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec J7V 8P5, Canada. alazaris@nexiabiotech.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Birefringence ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; DNA, Complementary ; Elasticity ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; *Fibroins ; Materials Testing ; Mechanics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/isolation & purification ; Solubility ; Spiders/*genetics/metabolism ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tensile Strength ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: We present an approach to fabricate solid capsules with precise control of size, permeability, mechanical strength, and compatibility. The capsules are fabricated by the self-assembly of colloidal particles onto the interface of emulsion droplets. After the particles are locked together to form elastic shells, the emulsion droplets are transferred to a fresh continuous-phase fluid that is the same as that inside the droplets. The resultant structures, which we call "colloidosomes," are hollow, elastic shells whose permeability and elasticity can be precisely controlled. The generality and robustness of these structures and their potential for cellular immunoisolation are demonstrated by the use of a variety of solvents, particles, and contents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dinsmore, A D -- Hsu, Ming F -- Nikolaides, M G -- Marquez, Manuel -- Bausch, A R -- Weitz, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1006-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and DEAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dinsmore@physics.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; *Capsules ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemistry, Physical ; *Colloids ; Diffusion ; Elasticity ; Emulsions ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Permeability ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polylysine ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Surface Properties ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alper, Joe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chemistry, Physical ; Collagen/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Elastin/chemistry ; *Fibroins ; Insect Proteins/chemistry ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polymers/*chemistry ; *Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 33
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    In:  Phys. Rev. Lett., Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 87, no. 14, pp. 109-125, pp. 1019, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Fault zone ; interaction ; neural ; network ; Elasticity ; dissipation ; Modelling ; Seismicity ; Martins
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  • 34
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Luxembourg, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1211-1216, pp. B06303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Stress ; Physical properties of rocks ; Elasticity ; IJRM
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  • 35
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 285-296, pp. 2214
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Rheology ; Inelastic ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Creep observations and analysis
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  • 36
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 106, no. B7, pp. 13,515-13,526, pp. L08305
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Non-linear effects ; Elasticity ; permeability ; viscosity ; Stress ; Fluids ; pressure ; JGR
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  • 37
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    In:  Pageoph, Warszawa, AGU, vol. 158, no. 4, pp. 759-797, pp. L02611, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; hydrodynamics
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  • 38
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    In:  International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Warszawa, EGS, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 995-1027, pp. B05S16, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Laboratory measurements ; Statistical investigations ; Elasticity ; IJRM
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  • 39
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    Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna
    In:  Ph. Thesis, 176 pp., Bologna, Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna, vol. 1034, no. 45, pp. 54-58, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Dip-slip ; Inhomogeneity ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; Layers ; rifting ; Stress ; Volcanology ; GJI136,341-56(1999) ; GJI138,410-34(1999) ; GJI149(2)508-523(2002) ; GJI149(3)698-723(2002)
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  • 40
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    Elsevier Science
    In:  München, Elsevier Science, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 65-66, (ISBN: 3-528-02574-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics ; Handbook of engineering ; Handbook of informatics ; Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; comets ; Chaotic behaviour ; Source ; Plate tectonics ; Elasticity ; compilers ; earth Core ; earth mantle ; Acoustics ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; history ; Rock mechanics ; Artificial intelligence (AI) ; mathematics ; Geochemistry ; Fracture ; fatigue ; FractureT ; Geodesy ; Geomagnetics ; Statistical investigations ; Geothermics ; Global Positioning System ; Green's function ; Fluids ; ConvolutionE ; plumes ; Mineralogy ; Modelling ; Tectonics ; SOC ; percolation ; Oceanography ; Planetology ; MOON ; SAR ; InSAR ; Stress ; Tsunami(s) ; Volcanology ; Whitman ; Rikitake ; Stein ; Oreskes ; Loper ; Jeanloz ; Lee ; Mandelbrot ; Vanicek ; Bock ; Olson ; Campbell ; Madariaga ; Staufer ; Dickinson ; van ; Zyl ; Zoback ; Turcotte ; Ward ; Sigurdsson
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  • 41
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    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York (370 pp.), Cambridge U. Press, vol. 13, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 0-521-80945-2, ISBN 0-521-00663-5 paper)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Waves ; Wave propagation ; Textbook of geophysics ; observations ; (part ; 1), ; theory ; (part ; 2) ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Attenuation ; Elasticity
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Handbook of physics ; Handbook of mineralogy ; Handbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Handbook of chemistry ; Handbook of engineering
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  • 43
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    Geol. Inst., Univ. Bonn; Shaker Verlag
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, 192 pp., Bonn, Geol. Inst., Univ. Bonn; Shaker Verlag, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 33, pp. 1-28, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Elasticity ; TILT ; porosity ; Modelling ; Dissertation ; Geowissenschaft ; Geophysik ; Hydrogeologie ; Neigungsmessungen ; Pumptests ; Poroelastizitaet ; hydraulische ; Diffusivitaet ; Kuempel ; WANGRJ
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  • 44
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 106, no. B6, pp. 11101-11114, pp. L08304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Description: We use laboratory experiments and numerical models to examine the effects of volcano loading on the propagation of buoyant dikes in a two-dimensional elastic half-space. In laboratory experiments we simulate the propagation of buoyant dikes in an isotropic regional stress field by injecting air into tanks of solidified gelatin. A weight resting on the surface of the gelatin represents a volcanic load. A numerical model is used to simulate these experiments. Both experiments and numerical simulations show that as a dike ascends, it begins to curve toward the load in response to the local stress field imposed by the load. The lateral distance over which dikes curve to the load increases with the ratio of average pressure at the base of the load to the dike driving pressure. For realistic volcano and dike dimensions this pressure ratio is going to be large, suggesting that dikes can converge to a volcano over lateral distances several times the load width. Numerical calculations involving an anisotropic regional stress field, however, predict that the lateral extent of dike attraction shrinks as the regional horizontal compressive stress decreases relative to the vertical compressive stress. Dike focusing will be substantial if the regional differential stresses are less than the average pressure at the base of the load. If this is the case, then our models predict a positive feedback between the size of volcanoes and the area of dike attraction. This feedback may promote the development of large discrete volcanoes and also predicts a positive correlation between the spacing and sizes of adjacent volcanoes. To test this prediction, we examine nearest-neighbor pairs of the 21 largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range. The 14 pairs examined show a large range in volcano spacing (6 - 115 km) and a statistically significant correlation between spacing and average volcano height. This result is consistent with our model results and suggests that the local compressive stress induced by these volcanoes may be an important factor in controlling magma transport in the lithosphere.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Modelling ; magma ; ascent ; JGR ; 1829 ; Hydrology: ; Groundwater ; hydrology ; 8414 ; Volcanology: ; Eruption ; mechanisms ; 8429 ; Lava ; rheology ; and ; morphology ; 8499 ; General ; or ; miscellaneous
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Soft lithography is an alternative to silicon-based micromachining that uses replica molding of nontraditional elastomeric materials to fabricate stamps and microfluidic channels. We describe here an extension to the soft lithography paradigm, multilayer soft lithography, with which devices consisting of multiple layers may be fabricated from soft materials. We used this technique to build active microfluidic systems containing on-off valves, switching valves, and pumps entirely out of elastomer. The softness of these materials allows the device areas to be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude compared with silicon-based devices. The other advantages of soft lithography, such as rapid prototyping, ease of fabrication, and biocompatibility, are retained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Unger, M A -- Chou, H P -- Thorsen, T -- Scherer, A -- Quake, S R -- DA-9121/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS-11756/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesiveness ; *Biocompatible Materials ; Elasticity ; Materials Testing ; Pressure ; *Prostheses and Implants ; *Silicone Elastomers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, J M -- Chu, S -- Oberhauser, A F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):653-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; Elasticity ; Ion Channels/chemistry ; Kinetics ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; RNA/*chemistry ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: The motility of kinesin motors is explained by a "hand-over-hand" model in which two heads of kinesin alternately repeat single-headed and double-headed binding with a microtubule. To investigate the binding mode of kinesin at the key nucleotide states during adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis, we measured the mechanical properties of a single kinesin-microtubule complex by applying an external load with optical tweezers. Both the unbinding force and the elastic modulus in solutions containing AMP-PNP (an ATP analog) were twice the value of those in nucleotide-free solution or in the presence of both AMP-PNP and adenosine 5'-diphosphate. Thus, kinesin binds through two heads in the former and one head in the latter two states, which supports a major prediction of the hand-over-hand model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawaguchi, K -- Ishiwata, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):667-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11158681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Elasticity ; Kinesin/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1753-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cooking ; Elasticity ; Fats/metabolism ; *Food ; Food Analysis ; *Food Preferences/physiology/psychology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Perception ; *Research ; *Sensation ; Smell ; Taste ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 143, no. 2, pp. 279-294, pp. L23608
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Seismology ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; thermodynamics ; compression ; earth Core ; GJI
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  • 50
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    In:  Tectonophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 328, no. 3-4, pp. 245-267, pp. B05S07, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Trans-European suture zone (Tornquist-Teisseyre zone/line) ; Geol. aspects ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; Structural geology
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  • 51
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Helsinki, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment University of Iceland, vol. 120, no. 1-2, pp. 93-101, pp. B05S14, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Stress ; Diffusion ; porosity ; Elasticity ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)
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  • 52
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Leipzig, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 105, no. B1, pp. 631-652, pp. 2458, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Dislocation ; sphere ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; Subduction zone ; 3210 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; (new ; field) ; Modeling ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 8162 ; Tectonophysics ; Rheology--mantle ; JGR
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  • 53
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Naples, AGU, vol. 27, no. 21, pp. 3553-3556, pp. 1273, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Waves ; Teleseismic events ; physics ; 0935 ; 7200 ; 7212 ; 7294 ; GRL
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  • 54
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Deutsche Geophys. Gesellschaft, vol. 105, no. B10, pp. 23,791-23,810, pp. B08302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Dynamic ; Modelling ; Stress ; Inhomogeneity ; SOC ; Earthquake asperities ; Earthquake barriers ; weakening ; nucleation ; Source ; JGR ; Non-linear effects ; 3220 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; Nonlinear ; dynamics ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameters ; Seismology ; 7260 ; Theory ; and ; modeling
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  • 55
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    Academic Press
    In:  New York, Academic Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 3-540-44363-0)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Structural geology ; Textbook of geology ; Elasticity ; Stress ; Modelling ; software
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  • 56
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Warszawa, Pergamon, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 181-192, pp. L19306, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fluids ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Modelling ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; Volcanology ; dykes ; Two-dimensional ; Elasticity ; Boundary Element Method ; GJI
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  • 57
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    In:  Journal of Applied Geophysics, London, Geological Society, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 313-325, pp. L11303, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Fluids ; Acoustics ; porosity ; Applied geophysics
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  • 58
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Warszawa, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 143, no. 2, pp. 311-318, pp. 1496, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Green's function ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; GJI
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  • 59
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Regensburg, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 37, no. 1-2, pp. 161-174, pp. TC5001, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Strike-slip ; Elasticity
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  • 60
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    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  New York, 475 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 1-4020-1408-2)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Waves ; Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Non-linear effects ; Fluids ; Elasticity ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; hydro-dynamics
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  • 61
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 105, no. B1, pp. 433-442, pp. L09303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Inelastic ; Acoustic emission ; SOC ; Elasticity ; Laboratory measurements ; ice ; Fracture ; Physical properties of rocks ; Non-linear effects ; JGR ; 3220 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; (new ; field) ; Nonlinear ; dynamics ; 3902 ; Mineral ; physics ; Creep ; and ; deformation ; 5102 ; Physical ; properties ; of ; rocks ; Acoustic ; properties ; 5120 ; Plasticity, ; diffusion, ; and ; creep
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  • 62
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Kunming, China, 3-4, vol. 37, no. 1-2, pp. 79-87, pp. 2180, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Geothermics ; porosity ; temperature ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks
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  • 63
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    Princeton Univ. Press
    In:  Princeton, N.J., 276 pp., Princeton Univ. Press, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 3-7643-6675-3)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; porosity ; Biot ; Fluids
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  • 64
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Charleston, South Carolina, California Division of Mines San Francisco, vol. 121, no. 3-4, pp. 273-288, pp. B08305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Modelling ; Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Geoelectrics ; Stress ; PEPI
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  • 65
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    In:  Geophysics, Philadelphia, 4, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 202-210, pp. B05S10, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Modelling ; Attenuation ; Dispersion ; Elasticity ; Synthetic seismograms ; Fluids ; porosity
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  • 66
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    Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland
    Keywords: DDC 531/.381 ; LC QA931 ; Elasticity
    Pages: Online-Ressource (3 v)
    ISBN: 9780444828910
    Language: English
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  • 67
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    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 445-452 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Keywords Garnets ; Polycrystals ; Hot-pressing ; Elasticity ; Interferometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dense isotropic polycrystalline specimens of majorite-rich garnets (Py100, Py62Mj38, Py50Mj50, Py21Mj79 and Mj100) along the pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12 = Py100)-majorite (MgSiO3 = Mj100) join were fabricated in a 2000-ton uniaxial split-sphere anvil apparatus (USSA-2000) at pressures from 10 to 18.5 GPa and temperatures from 1200 to 1850 °C, within their stability fields in runs of 2–4-h duration, using hot-pressing techniques developed by Gwanmesia et al. (1993). These specimens are single-phased, fine-grained (≤5 mm), free of microcracks, and have bulk densities greater than 99% of the corresponding single-crystal X-ray density. Elastic compressional (P) and shear (S) wave velocities were determined at room pressure and temperature for these polycrystalline garnet specimens by phase comparison ultrasonic interferometry. For Mj100, the P and S wave velocities are within 1% of the Hashin-Shtrikman averages calculated from the single crystal elastic moduli measured by Brillouin spectroscopy. Both the elastic bulk modulus (K) and the shear modulus (G) decrease continuously with increasing majorite content from pyrope garnet (Py100) to pure majorite garnet (Mj100). The compositional dependence of K and G are given by K = 172.3 (40) − 0.085X, and G = 91.6 (10) − 0.038X, where X = mol% majorite), respectively, indicating that substitution of Si for Mg and Al decreases both K and G by about 5% along the solid solution series.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key wordsListeria monocytogenes ; Cell motility ; Actin gel ; Elasticity ; Optical tweezers ; Cell mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report biophysical experiments performed on the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a model system to study actin-based motility. Using optical tweezers and electrophoresis experiments, we find that the bacterium is firmly attached to its tail, and we demonstrate that the tail responds as an elastic gel when deformed. We have measured its elastic modulus at a value of 103–104 Pa, which is 10 times higher than the rigidity of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. These results demonstrate that the bacterium and its tail form a very robust system, consistent with the steadyness of the motion observed in vivo. We propose an elastic model for the propulsion mechanism which takes into account the connection and thus the interaction between the actin filaments. It provides a generic description of the various aspects of actin-tail based movements.
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  • 69
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    Journal of computer-aided materials design 7 (2000), S. 25-42 
    ISSN: 1573-4900
    Keywords: Copper ; Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Molecular dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The elastic fields of displacements, strains, and stresses for a shear circular loop are obtained with the Burgers formula. In addition, interactions between two shear circular loops are obtained based on elasticity theory. A series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a shear circular partial dislocation loop in copper have been performed to examine the elastic solutions. It is found that the results of the MD simulations are in good agreement with those of elasticity theory for a loop with radius ∼7.5 nm.
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    International journal of fracture 102 (2000), S. 177-204 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; half-plane ; boundary integral equations ; hypersingular.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract New complex hypersingular integral equation (CHSIE) is derived for the half-plane containing the inclusions (which can have the different elastic properties), holes, notches and cracks of the arbitrary shape. This equation is obtained by superposition of the equations for each homogeneous region in a half-plane. The last equations follow from the use of complex analogs of Somigliana's displacement and stress identities (SDI and SSI) and Melan's fundamental solution (FS) written in a complex form. The universal numerical algorithm suggested before for the analogous problem for a piece-wise homogeneous plane is extended on case of a half plane. The unknown functions are approximated by complex Lagrange polynomials of the arbitrary degree. The asymptotics for the displacement discontinuities (DD) at the crack tips are taken into account. Only two types of the boundary elements (straight segments and circular arcs) are used to approximate the boundaries. All the integrals involved in CHSIE are evaluated in a closed form. A wide range of elasticity problems for a half-plane with cracks, openings and inclusions are solved numerically.
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  • 71
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    International journal of fracture 102 (2000), S. 371-392 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; body force method ; singular integral equations ; numerical analysis ; three-dimensional analysis ; stress concentration factor ; ellipsoidal inclusion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the interaction among a row of N ellipsoidal inclusions of revolution is considered. Inclusions in a body under both (A) asymmetric uniaxial tension in the x-direction and (B) axisymmetric uniaxial tension in the z-direction are treated in terms of singular integral equations resulting from the body force method. These problems are formulated as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy-type or logarithmic-type singularities, where unknowns are densities of body forces distributed in the r,θ,z directions. In order to satisfy the boundary conditions along the ellipsoidal boundaries, the unknown functions are approximated by a linear combination of fundamental density functions and polynomials. The present method is found to yield rapidly converging numerical results for interface stresses. When the elastic ratio E 1⇒E I/E M〉1, the primary feature of the interaction is a large compressive or tensile stress σn on the interface θ=0. When E 1⇒E I/E M〈1, a large tensile stress σθ or σt on the interface θ=1/2π is of interest. If the spacing b/d and the elastic ratio E I/E M are fixed, the interaction effects are dominant when the shape ratio a/b is large. For any fixed shape and spacing of inclusions, the maximum stress is shown to be linear with the reciprocal of the squared number of inclusions.
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  • 72
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    Review of industrial organization 17 (2000), S. 465-470 
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Elasticity ; music recording industry ; oligopoly ; price dispersions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The present note examines price dispersions inthe music recording industry between new release andmid-line (older) recordings. The model employs theframework developed within the industrial economicsliterature and provides empirical results suggestingthat new release prices are lower than those ofmid-level recordings. This result follows fromdiffering buyer characteristics and varying levelsof close substitutes, leading to higher demandelasticities for new release recordings. Finally,the theoretical expectations should hold in thepresence of either significant scale economies ormodest minimum efficient scales of production.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words In vitro tests ; Elasticity ; Human artery ; Cryopreservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cryopreservation is widely used to preserve blood vessels for a while but is controversially suspected to affect the mechanical behavior of these allografts. The aim of this study was to determine whether differences in the three-dimensional mechanical behavior exist or not between fresh and cryopreserved arteries. Using a previously developed experimental system, in vitro inflation tests were performed on twenty segments of human fresh and cryopreserved arteries, in static conditions. Opening angles were also measured from images of rings in zero-stress state. The initial reference state was chosen as the unloaded state and tests were performed on specimens stretched at natural “in vivo” length. Mechanical measures calculated are “natural” (Hencky) strains (finite deformations), “true” (Cauchy) stresses in radial, circumferential, and longitudinal directions as well as strain energy per unit volume. Tangent moduli are derived from radial and circumferential stress-strain characteristics using non-linear curve fitting. Values of incremental and pressure-strain elastic parameters, wall stiffness, and compliance per unit length are also calculated. Results are presented in terms of characteristics of stresses and strains in the three directions, axial force, tangent moduli vs strains or stresses, and energy per unit volume, for both types of artery, with reference to transmural pressure. Detailed numerical results are given at mean transmural pressure or in the physiological range. Significant differences are indicated by statistic Student T-tests. Results obtained show that significant differences exist between rheological properties of fresh and cryopreserved segments of human artery. Strains, stresses, axial force, strain energy, and wall stiffness values highlight those differences whereas elastic parameters, compliance, and opening angle do not. The usefulness of some parameters to compare the mechanical behavior existing between fresh and cryopreserved arteries is therefore underlined.
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  • 74
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    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Separation analyzer ; Organoclay dispersions ; Elasticity ; Emulsion stability ; Emulsions stabilized by clay derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a newly developed separation analyzer is demonstrated by characterization of the sedimentation kinetics and the swelling behavior of organoclays in binary solvent mixtures (toluene/cyclohexane) as well as by investigation of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by clay derivatives. The automatic measuring system – LUMiFuge 114 – is based on a special centrifuge with an integrated optoelectronic sensor system which allows the measuring of spatial and temporal changes of light transmission during the rotation in a variable centrifugal field (12–1200g). By using the new device a fast and reproducible characterization of settling behavior and dispersion stability was possible. Moreover, the evaluation of the long-term stability of samples with high separation stability as well as of the heterogenity of the separation process, the sample transparency and the elasticity of the sediment as a function of alternating centrifugal force could be carried out.
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    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 333-338 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Biomechanics ; Cortical bone ; Young's modulus ; Anisotropy ; Elasticity ; Ultrasonics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The anisotropy of Young's modulus in human cortical bone was determined for all spatial directions by performing coordinate rotations of a 6 by 6 elastic stiffness matrix. The elastic stiffness coefficients were determined experimentally from ultrasonic velocity measurements on 96 samples of normal cortical bone removed from the right tibia of eight human cadavers. The following measured values were used for our analysis: c 11 =19.5 GPa, c 22 =20.1 GPa, c 33 =30.9 GPa, c 44 =5.72 GPa, c 55 =5.17 GPa, c 66 =4.05 GPa, c 23 =12.5 GPa. The remaining coefficients were determined by assuming that the specimens possessed at least an orthorhombic elastic symmetry, and further assuming that c 13 =c 23 , c 12 =c 11 –2c 66 . Our analysis revealed a substantial anisotropy in Young's modulus in the plane containing the long axis of the tibia, with maxima of 20.9 GPa parallel to the long axis, and minima of 11.8 GPa perpendicular to this axis. A less pronounced anisotropy was observed in the plane perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia. To display our results for the full three-dimensional anisotropy of cortical bone, a closed surface was used to represent Young's modulus in all spatial directions.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Approximation ; Elasticity ; Exact and approximate controllability ; Heat equations ; Stabilization ; Thermoelasticity ; Thermoviscoelasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper is to review developments in exact and approximate controllability as well as stabilization of elastic, thermoelastic, and thermo-viscoelastic bodies. Heat equations are also discussed.
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  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 103 (2000), S. 19-39 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; composite material ; fracture mechanics ; fiber ; generalized stress intensity factor ; end effect ; interaction ; rectangular inclusions.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the mechanical strength of fiber reinforced composites it is necessary to consider singular stresses at the end of fibers because they cause crack initiation, propagation, and final failure. The singular stress is expressed by generalized stress intensity factors defined at the corner of fibers. As a 2D model an interaction between rectangular inclusions under longitudinal tension is treated in this paper. The body force method is used to formulate the problem as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy-type or logarithmic-type singularities, where the unknown functions are the densities of body forces distributed in infinite plates having the same elastic constants as those of the matrix and inclusions. In order to analyze the problem accurately, the unknown functions are expressed as piecewize smooth functions using two types of fundamental densities and power series, where the fundamental densities are chosen to represent the symmetric stress singularity of 1/r 1−λ 1 and the skew-symmetric stress singularity of 1/r 1−λ 2. Then, generalized stress intensity factors at the end of inclusions are systematically calculated for various locations, spacings and elastic modulus of two rectangular inclusions in a plate subjected to longitudinal tension.
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  • 78
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Amsterdam, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 84, no. 44, pp. 2223-2234, pp. L12S09, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Fault zone ; Elasticity ; Inhomogeneity ; Dislocation ; Stress ; Fracture ; JGR
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  • 79
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Polish Geothermal Association, vol. 84, no. 7, pp. 1667-1682, pp. B05406, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Stress ; Elasticity ; Planetology ; Tectonics ; JGR
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  • 80
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    In:  Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., Leyden, Noordhoff International Publishing, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 1115-1120, pp. B04306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Review article ; Rock mechanics ; Elasticity ; Dislocation ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Source ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article
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  • 81
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    Westholsteinische Verlagsanstalt Boyens & Co. Heide i. H.
    In:  Sonderdruck aus "Die Küste", Archiv für Forschung und Technik an der Nord- und Ostsee, Stockholm, Westholsteinische Verlagsanstalt Boyens & Co. Heide i. H., vol. 282, no. 34, pp. 1097, pp. 8044, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Earth tides ; tilt ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Fluids ; pressure ; Elasticity ; Meissner ; Kuempel ; Kumpel
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  • 82
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    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Düsseldorf, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. 379, pp. II.496-II.505, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Fracture ; Instruments ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Laboratory measurements
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Two unique meteorites were identified by means of a mineralogical examination of the smaller-sized Yamato achondrites. Yamato-74130 is the most iron-rich ureilite with Na, Cr-rich augite instead of pigeonite. Yamato-74160 was extensively recrystallized, but the composition and proportion of olivine, orthopyroxene, augite, and plagioclase is consistent with LL7 chondrites. ALHA77005 is a unique achondrite with olivine, possibly three pyroxene assemblages, and maskelynite. These meteorites provide evidence that there may be other 'thermalized' asteroids than the howardite parent body. Detailed petrologic descriptions of the unique achondrites, recrystallized diogenite Yamato-74013, and the rapidly cooled eucrite Yamato-74450 with pyroxene phenocrysts are given. It is inferred from the bulk chemistry and the mineralogical reexamination of Yamato-75028 that it is composed of the H5-type clasts and chondrule-rich H(L)3-like matrix with the H5 fragments. A close relationship in the collisional evolution of some asteroids with these materials is inferred.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: National Institute of Polar Research, Memoirs (ISSN 0386-0744); 15, 1; 54-76
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  • 84
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-06-26
    Description: The high closing speed of 57km/s between the spacecraft and Halley poses special problems in the design of the required meteoroid protection. A double wall structure with a total thickness equal to 0.1 to 1 times the diameter of the largest meteoroid encountered is sufficient to stop that meteoroid. However, the unusually high number of meteoroid impacts on the Halley probe will cause significant erosion of the outer wall so that failure of the second wall is more likely to occur from a small meteoroid passing through a previously created hole in the outer wall and then penetrating the second wall. Calculations of the shielding required based on this failure mode, show that a double wall structure must actually have a total thickness 1.2 to 7.3 times the diameter of the largest meteoroid encountered, depending on the size distribution of the meteoroids.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: ESA Comet Halley Micrometeoroid Hazard Workshop; p 73-76
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  • 85
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Design principles of spaced, multiwall meteoroid protection are investigated in the light of experimental data generated during the Apollo Program. The outer wall or shield is shown to be the most important element in the meteoroid-spacecraft interaction. The condition of the debris is primarily a function of the shock pressure, the melting points of the meteoroid and the shield, and the length of the meteoroid and thickness of the shield. Spacing between the walls is effective up to approximately 100 times the length of the meteoroid. The required thickness of the second wall is shown to be proportional to the meteoroid mass, velocity, and density, and to the spacing between the walls, taken with exponents dependent upon the condition of the debris. The effects of placing additional elements (insulation or honeycomb cells) between the two walls are discussed, and the efficiency of various protective configurations is presented. An analysis of the meteoroid protection proposed for the Comet Halley probe is included as an appendix.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: ESA Comet Halley Micrometeoroid Hazard Workshop; p 85-92
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The beneficiation of lunar plagioclase and ilmenite ores to feedstock grade permits a rapid growth of the space manufacturing economy by maximizing the production rate of metals and oxygen. A beneficiation scheme based on electrostatic and magnetic separation is preferred over conventional schemes, but such a scheme cannot be completely modeled because beneficiation processes are empirical and because some properties of lunar minerals have not been measured. To meet anticipated shipping and processing needs, the peak lunar mining rate will exceed 1000 tons/hr by the fifth year of operation. Such capabilities will be best obtained by automated mining vehicles and conveyor systems rather than trucks. It may be possible to extract about 40 kg of volatiles (60 percent H2O) by thermally processing the less than 20 micron ilmenite concentrate extracted from 130 tons of ilmenite ore. A thermodynamic analysis of an extraction process is presented.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 275-288
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Although bulk lunar soil is not a suitable feedstock for extracting metals, certain minerals such as anorthite and ilmenite can be separated and concentrated. These minerals can be considered as potential ores of aluminum, silicon, titanium, andiron. A separation and metal extraction plant could also extract large amounts of oxygen and perhaps hydrogen from these minerals. Anorthie containing 19 percent aluminum and 20 percent silicon can be concentrated from some highland soils where it is present in amounts up to 60 percent. Ilmenite containing 32 percent titanium and 37 percent iron can be concentrated from some mare soils where it is present in amounts up to 10 percent. The ideal mining site would be located at the boundary between a high-titanium mare and a high-aluminum highlands. Such area may exist around the rims of some eastern maria, particularly Tranquilitatis. A location on Earth with raw materials as described above would be considered an economically valuable ore deposit if conventional terrestrial resources were not available.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 243-255
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Surface sampler activities on Mars during the Viking extended mission are considered, including excavation of deep trenches, construction of conical piles of materials, backhoe touchdown experiments, and acquisition of contiguous pictures of the surface beneath number 2 terminal descent engines using mirrors. Results of the Physical Properties Investigation that are relevant to aeolian processes are also discussed. Both pictures and surface sampler data indicate that the surface materials in the sample fields of the Viking landers may be grouped, in order of increasing strength, into drift material, crusty to cloddy material, blocky material and rocks.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Dec. 30
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Western Desert of Egypt is one of the most arid regions on earth and is probably the closest terrestrial analog to the surface of Mars. An expedition to the area in 1978 revealed an abundance of quartzite and basalt rocks that have been pitted and fluted by wind erosion and deflation of the desert surface. These pitted rocks are internally homogeneous, show no internal holes or vesicles, and are considered an important but neglected type of ventifact. They bear a striking resemblance to the pitted and fluted rocks seen by the Viking Landers, rocks that have generally been interpreted as vesicular basalts only slightly modified by wind erosion. Wind tunnel studies of the air flow over and around nonstreamlined hand specimens from the Western Desert show that windward abrasion coupled with negative flow, secondary flow, and vorticity in a unidirectional wind can explain the complex arrays of pits and flutes. These field and laboratory observations suggest that the pitted rocks at the Viking Lander sites are also ventifacts, and thus the Martian surface may be far more wind eroded than previously thought.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Dec. 30
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A comparative study of Martian and terrestrial dunes was made based on Viking Orbiter pictures and aerial pictures of terrestrial deserts. The morphological similarity between the Martian dunes and terrestrial crescentic dunes implies that the dynamics of dune formation are similar on the two planets, despite Martian constraints on dune formation that include much higher velocity winds required to move 'sand' in saltation, the possible inhibition of sand movement by absorbed water vapor, the seasonal 'snow' cover in the north circumpolar erg, and a probably sparse sand supply. The absence of longitudinal dunes and the restriction of massive crescentic dunes to a few sites on Mars suggests that Mars may have a long eolian history in which much of the sand suitable for saltation has already been transported to the north polar erg and crater floor fields.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Dec. 30
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The backhoe magnets on Viking Lander (VL) 2 were successfully cleaned, followed by a test involving successive insertions of the cleaned backhoe into the surface. Rapid saturation of the magnets confirmed evidence from primary mission results that the magnetic mineral in the Martian surface is widely distributed, most probably in the form of composite particles of magnetic and nonmagnetic minerals. An image of the VL 2 backhoe taken via the X4 magnifying mirror demonstrates the fine-grained nature of the attracted magnetic material. The presence of maghemite and its occurrence as a pigment in, or a thin coating on, all mineral particles or as discrete, finely divided and widely distributed crystallites, are consistent with data from the inorganic analysis experiments and with laboratory simulations of results of the biology experiments on Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Dec. 30
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  • 92
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Most meteorites show evidence of thermal processing either because of metamorphic changes or as a result of melting and differentiation. Proposed mechanisms for supplying this energy generally rely upon short-lived radioisotopes or electrical induction, though accretion is sometimes mentioned, and more exotic models have been discussed. Interest in isotopic heating has been heightened by the discovery of Al-26 in Allende inclusions and also by the proposal that a lunar core and dynamo resulted from the radioactive decay of superheavy elements during the early solar system. Electrical induction as a heat source can be scaled to a broad range of solar system conditions, but corroborative evidence for these conditions is inconclusive. The accretion mechanism is probably not viable for the asteroidal and meteorite parent bodies, because the high kinetic energy requirement is inconsistent with the formation of the objects and their regoliths in the presence of a weak gravitational field.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Carbonaceous chondrites of groups CI and CM were formed by impact brecciation and aqueous alteration of earlier generations of mineral phases within the surface regions of two or more parent bodies. Those parent bodies were probably asteroids, rather than comets, although a problem still exists in delivering such material safely to earth. Aqueous activity may have been widespread on asteroids.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 94
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Recent observations have led to unconventional models of certain asteroids, suggesting previously unsuspected forms. Some of these include binary asteroids (e.g., 532 Herculina, 18 Melpomene), very irregular asteroids (e.g., the Mars-crossing 1580 Betulia), and very elongated asteroids, unlikely to be collisional fragments (e.g., 624 Hector). A connection is suggested between this observational work and ongoing theoretical work concerning collisions of large comparable-sized asteroids. Such collisions have different consequences from the collisions usually considered. The new work suggests possible sources of elongated and binary asteroids.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 95
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Radio observations of the asteroids can provide information on the thermal and dielectric properties of the surface materials and, because the radio emission arises somewhat below the surface, the data give some indication of layering. Observational difficulty has limited the investigations to only 6 asteroids. 1 Ceres and 324 Bamberga appear to have a layer of dust covering a more compacted material; the data on 4 Vesta cannot be matched by any current models for the surface; and the results for 18 Melpomene, 31 Euphrosyne and 433 Eros are too incomplete for firm conclusions. Future possibilities include more accurate radiometry of a few selected asteroids of different taxonomic classes and actual resolution of some of the larger objects by aperture synthesis techniques.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 96
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Interpretations of astronomical polarization data for more than 100 minor planets are summarized with reference to laboratory data for lunar, meteoritic, and terrestrial samples. All observed asteroids, including objects only a few kilometers in diameter, have microscopically intricate surfaces. Detailed comparisons between laboratory measurements of basaltic achondrites and telescopic results for Vesta show that its surface is particulate with a broad range of particle sizes, including a component of fine (1-5 micron) dust. The surface soils have not, however, undergone marked optical alterations as is the case for the lunar fines. For albedos greater than about 0.06, the albedo and hence the diameter can be determined with some reliability from the slope of the ascending branch of the polarization-phase curve. Many minor planets have surfaces that are remarkably uniform in albedo and texture on a hemispheric scale. A notable exception is 4 Vesta, which shows about ten percent albedo variegation between hemispheres.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 97
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper deals with the physical and chemical nature of the asteroids and with their physical and orbital distributions and interrelationships. Existing hypotheses about the formation and evolution of asteroids are examined. A thematic synopsis of these topics is presented, and accepted interpretations are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The cooling rates of meteorites through approximately 900 -650 K, as read from their metal alloy compositions, are reviewed. Metallographic cooling rates are compared with the cooling rates that appear to be required by the K/Ar and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of five meteorite classes, and discrepancies are found in all cases. Either (1) the metallographic cooling rates (and also Pu-244 fission cooling rates) are systematically in error, being too slow by a factor of approximately 6; or (2) the traditional thermal model for parent meteorite planets (having constant dimension and uniform physical properties) is oversimplified and the Ar closure temperatures for chondrites derived by Turner et al. (1978) are too low. An alternative parent planet model is proposed and numerically modeled, in which accretion of thermally insulating particulate matter, heat generation by Al-26 decay, melting or sintering of the particulate matter into conductive rock, and establishment of the properties of the meteorites occurred concurrently. Meteorite chronologies are somewhat easier to understand in this context, since the initially small, hot (thus sintered and conductive) bodies would have cooled rapidly to isotopic closure, but later cooling might have been much slower as a result of the continued accretion of insulating particulate matter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 99
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Physical observations of minor planets documented in the TRIAD computer file are used to classify 752 objects into the broad compositional types C, S, M, E, R, and U (unclassifiable) according to the prescriptions adopted by Bowell et al. (1978). Diameters are computed from the photometric magnitude using radiometric and/or polarimetric data where available, or else from albedos characteristic of the indicated type. An analysis of the observational selection effects leads to tabulation of the actual number of asteroids, as a function of type and diameter, in each of 15 orbital element zones. For the whole main belt the population is 75% of type C, 15% of type S, and 10% of other types, with no belt-wide dependence of the mixing ratios on diameter. In some zones the logarithmic diameter-frequency relations are decidedly nonlinear. The relative frequency of S-type objects decreases smoothly outward through the main belt, with exponential scale length 0.5 AU. The rarer types show a more chaotic, but generally flatter, distribution over distance. Characteristic type distributions, contrasting with the background population, are found for the Eos, Koronis, Nysa and Themis families.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 100
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The surfaces of Phobos and Deimos are discussed, as the best available examples of what asteroid surfaces may be like. Attention is given to shape, regolith properties, crater densities, albedo markings and surface gravities. It is found that although the surfaces of these two similarly-sized asteroid-like bodies are nearly identical in terms of many disk-integrated properties, they are strikingly different in surface morphology.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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