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  • Springer  (344)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An analysis of the characteristics of rough bed turbulent shear stresses in an open channel (1997)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 11 (1997), S. 193-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Turbulence ; sediment ; fluvial ; river ; bursting process ; statistics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Entrainment of sediment particles from channel beds into the channel flow is influenced by the characteristics of the flow turbulence which produces stochastic shear stress fluctuations at the bed. Recent studies of the structure of turbulent flow has recognized the importance of bursting processes as important mechanisms for the transfer of momentum into the laminar boundary layer. Of these processes, the sweep event has been recognized as the most important bursting event for entrainment of sediment particles as it imposes forces in the direction of the flow resulting in movement of particles by rolling, sliding and occasionally saltating. Similarly, the ejection event has been recognized as important for sediment transport since these events maintain the sediment particles in suspension. In this study, the characteristics of bursting processes and, in particular, the sweep event were investigated in a flume with a rough bed. The instantaneous velocity fluctuations of the flow were measured in two-dimensions using a small electromagnetic velocity meter and the turbulent shear stresses were determined from these velocity fluctuations. It was found that the shear stress applied to the sediment particles on the bed resulting from sweep events depends on the magnitude of the turbulent shear stress and its probability distribution. A statistical analysis of the experimental data was undertaken and it was found necessary to apply a Box-Cox transformation to transform the data into a normally distributed sample. This enabled determination of the mean shear stress, angle of action and standard error of estimate for sweep and ejection events. These instantaneous shear stresses were found to be greater than the mean flow shear stress and for the sweep event to be approximately 40 percent greater near the channel bed. Results from this analysis suggest that the critical shear stress determined from Shield's diagram is not sufficient to predict the initiation of motion due to its use of the temporal mean shear stress. It is suggested that initiation of particle motion, but not continuous motion, can occur earlier than suggested by Shield's diagram due to the higher shear stresses imposed on the particles by the stochastic shear stresses resulting from turbulence within the flow.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427915
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of tetrakisdiphenylammonium hexadecachlorotetrabismuthate(III) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 841-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; bismuth chloride complexes ; diphenylammonium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract [(C6H5)2NH2]4 +[Bi4Cl16]4− crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ witha=11.835(2),b=12.393(2),c=12.625(3)Å, α=108.37(3), β=108.69(3), γ=96.00(3)° andD c=2.135 g cm−3 forZ=1. The [Bi4Cl16]4− anion is a centrosymmetric cluster of four distorted edge-sharing BiCl6 octahedra. The ranges of the Bi−Cl bonds are 2.484(4)–2.606(3)Å for Bi−Cl(terminal), 2.691(3)–2.956(4)Å for Bi-Cl(µ2), and 2.960(3)–3.120(4)Å for Bi-Cl(µ3). The cations and anions are held in place by weak hydrogen bonds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01671080
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of a bulky cyclic sulfite (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; cyclic sulfite ; pentacycloundecane-8 ; 11-dione
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The structure of the cyclic sulfite derived from the reaction of thionyl chloride withendo-8-hydroxy-exo-8-(endo-8′-hydroxypentacyclo[5.4.0.0.2,6.03,10.05,9]undec-exo-8′-yl)pentacyclo-[5.4.0.0.2,6.03,10.05,9]undecane is reported. All bond lengths and angles are consistent with the strained cage geometry. A static disorder of the terminal oxygen was found to be present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665171
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of the pinacol formed via sodium-promoted reductive dimerization of 12-methyleneheptacyclo-[6.6.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14]tetradecan-7-one (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 417-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; pinacol ; reductive dimerization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The pinacol resulting from sodium promoted reductive coupling of a methyleneheptacyclo-[6.6.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14]tetradecanone possesses a conformation in which equivalent groups on the pinacol carbon are virtually perpendicular to each other. This rotation minimizes steric interactions, thus the geometries of all the fragments in the molecule are within expected values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665280
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal and molecular structure of 1-vinyl-3-methyl-imidazolium iodide, C6H9N2I (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 601-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; imidazolium ; vinyl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound crystallizes with two independent molecules in the unit cell. The two molecules arecis-trans isomers. Crystal data: orthorhombic, P212121,a=7.0417(6),b=9.5341(9),c=25.411(2) Å,Z=8. The crystal structure has been solved by automated Patterson methods and refined toR=0.024 for 1843 observed reflections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01667031
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure of 3-(3-oxo-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-oxirane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; epoxy ester
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of an epoxy ester is described. The structure has been solved by vector search methods and refined by least squares methods toR 1=0.0372 [I〉2σ(I)]. The structure consists of two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. These molecules are chemically the same. Crystal data: C11H12O4, triclinic, space group $$P\bar 1$$ ,a=10.324(3),b=10.553(7),c=10.869(5)Å, α=61.77(4), β=88.64(4), γ=88.16(6)°,V=1042.7(9)Å3,Z=4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02018702
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of a highly hydrated tristrontium phosphate, Sr9(PO4)6·16H2O (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 341-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; hydrated phosphate ; layer-type structure ; strontium phosphate ; strontium phosphate hydrate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structure of a highly hydrated tristrontium phosphate, nonastrontium hexakis(phosphate) hexadecahydrate, Sr9(PO4)6·16H2O, has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are monoclinic,a=15.203(2),b=6.488(1),c=18.984(7) Å, β=98.42(2)o, space groupP2/c (No. 13),Z=2,V=1852.3 Å3,d c =2.951 Mg·m−3. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques toR=0.038,R w =0.051, for 2329 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described in terms of a layer-type arrangement parallel to (100). One layer consists of a compact assembly of columns of Sr and PO4 ions in a pseudohexagonal arrangement resembling an apatitic structure. A second layer containing all the water molecules and one PO4 ion that occupies the interstitial space may be referred to as the hydrated layer. The structure has an overall similarity to that of octacalcium phosphate and can be considered as a model for amorphous calcium phosphate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01677098
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure of [(tBu)2Al(μ-NHtBu)]2 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 563-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; aluminum ; amide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of [(tBu)2Al(μ-NHtBu)]2 has been determined. The unit cell contains two independent molecules with only slight variation in the orientation of thetert-butyl ligands. Crystal data: Triclinic, $$P\bar 1$$ ,a=9.0138(6),b=10.2944(8),c=15.791(1) Å, α=91.262(6), β=89.822(6), γ=106.141(6)°,V=1407.2(2) Å3,Z=2,R=0.039,R w=0.041.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01668416
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of 5-(p-methoxyphenylamino)indane and AM1 calculations on N-arylamines derivatives, precursors of phenothiazine drugs (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 735-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; diphenyl amines ; AM1 calculations ; phenothiazines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The structural determination by X-ray crystallography of the titled N-arylamine 4a, as well as AM1 calculations on a series of derivatives (4b–c, 5a–c), are reported. The compound 4a is monoclinic P21/c with a = 7.656(3), b = 23.655(5), c = 7.686(9) Å, β = 112.59(6)°, V = 1285.2(2) Å3 and Z = 4. This structure has been used as a template for the building of some others derivatives used for AM1 calculations. The results show that the cyclization position on the aromatic rings, which can lead to two regioisomers, depends on the nature of the benzylic substituants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021860410863
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis, characterization, and X-ray crystal structure of di-(2,4-imidazolidinedione-5-ethyl)disulfide, C10H14N4O4S2 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 761-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; noncentrosymmetric ; disulfide ; imidazolidinedione ; homocystine hydantoin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Di-(2,4-imidazolidinedione-5-ethyl)disulfide or homocystine hydantoin, C10H14N4O4S2 (I), crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group P21 (No. 4) with two molecules in the unit cell with a = 7.132(1), b = 9.282(2), c = 10.770(2) Å and β = 105.68(1)°. The two imidazolidinedione rings are planar with a dihedral angle of 46.9°. The rings are joined by a diethyl disulfide bridge at chiral centers on the rings. The C-S-S-C torsion angle is −80°(−sc). The absolute stereochemistry of the chiral centers was determined to be (5S, 5′S), η = + 0.92 (11). Important bond distances include: S-S = 2.022(4); S-C (mean) = 1.809(8); and C=O (mean) = 1.224(7) Å. The compound is stabilized by a network of intermolecular carbonyl-to-amine hydrogen bonding and van der Waals cohesive forces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021816628610
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of a macrocyclic tetraamine isocyanato zinc(II) complex (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 831-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; macrocyclic tetraamine ; isocyanato zinc(II) complex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The complex, [Zn(L)(NCO)]Cl · 3H2O (1) (L = 3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,01.18,07.12]docosane), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 10.530(3), b = 9.315(2), c = 27.188(3) Å, β = 92.58(1)°, V = 2664.1(9)Å3, and Z = 4. The zinc atom is in a distorted squarepyramidal environment with the four nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle and one nitrogen atom of the isocyanate ligand.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021831921283
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and crystal structure of macrocyclic nickel(II) complex bridged by chromate (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 867-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; macrocyclic nickel(II) complex ; chromate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A novel compound catena-(μ-CrO4-O,O′)[Ni(L1)Ni(L2)] 3H2O (1) (L1 = 3,5,10,12-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and L2 = 2,5,9,12-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) has been synthesized for the first time and structurally characterized. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pī with a = 9.623(1), b = 10.084(1), c = 12.723 (3) Å, α = 66.74(2), β = 75.20(1), γ = 72.02(1)°, V = 1066.2(3) Å3, and Z = 2. The coordination environment around the Ni(II) ions is an axially elongated octahedron with the secondary amines of the isomeric ligands and two oxygen atoms of [CrO4]2−.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022890217250
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis, characterization, peripheral studies, and structural analysis of E-4-(N-methylanilino)-3-pentene-2-one, C12H15NO (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 899-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; ir/nmr ; β-amino-α ; β-unsaturaled ketone ; noncentrosemmtric ; enamino ketones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Crystallographic structural refinement of E-4-(N-methylanilino)-3-pentene-2-one (I) has been carried out by means of three-dimensional single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The title compound crystallizes in space group C2 (No. 5,Z = 4). The lattice constants are a = 21.543(4), b = 6.433(1), c = 8.019(2) Å, and β = 97.82(3)°. Characterizations include physical property determinations and spectrometric identifications employing IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and X-ray powder analyses. The molecules in the crystal lattice are held together by van der Waals forces. Selected bond distances and angles are presented and discussed as well as synthesis and peripheral studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022802619976
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The structure of N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amine (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 145-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; benzimidazole ; antimicrobial activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amine, C14H11N3Cl2, M r = 292.17, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with unit cell parameters a = 10.707(2), b = 9.615(2), c = 25.944(6) Å. The benzimidazole ring system is planar and makes a dihedral angle of 77.8(1)° with the phenyl ring. The structure is stabilized by an N–H···N hydrogen bond.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022497931783
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel polymeric praseodymium(III) complex with a new flexible double betaine (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; coordination polymer ; praseodymium(III) carboxylate complex ; double betaine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A novel polymeric Pr(III) complex with a new double betaine, namely [{Pr(L1)1.5(H2O)2} n ][ClOli4]3 n ·nH2O (1) (L1 = 1,4-diazoniobicyclo[2,2,2]octane-1,4-dipropionate), has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray analysis. In the title complex, the Pr(III) atom is nine-coordinated by seven oxygen atoms from five L1 ligands and two aqua ligands. Each pair of adjacent praseodymium(III) atoms is linked by a pair of μ3 chelating and bridging carboxylate groups, thus forming an infinite metal···metal chain running parallel to the a direction, and such chains are cross-linked by flexible backbones of L1 ligands into a three-dimensional network with the perchlorate anions and lattice water molecules accommodated in the interstitial space. The title complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 8.085(2), b = 14.316(3), c = 29.775(6) Å, β = 103.04(3)° and Z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022414109261
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structures of three substituted pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecanes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; pentacycloundecane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structures of three compounds formed via ultimate nucleophilic attack of unsaturated hydrocarbon fragments are reported. Geometries of the bis(vinyl)-, mono(vinyl), and bis(ethynyl)-substituted PCU species are unexceptional. The crystal structures are dictated by the availability of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021893001351
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure and absolute configuration of (+)-(1R, 2S, 6R, 7S, 1′R)-5-(1′-phenylethylamino)-endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-4,8-dien-3-one (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 497-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; tricyclodecadienone ; enaminone ; resolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of (+)-(1R, 2S, 6R, 7S, 1′R)-5-(1′-phenylethylamino)-endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-4,8-dien-3-one is described. Based on the known absolute configuration (R) of the α-phenylethylamine moiety the X-ray analysis revealed the absolute configuration of the title compound. The structure was refined to R 1 = 0.0298 for 1950 reflections (with I 〉 2σ(I)). Crystal data: C18H19NO, monoclinic, space group P21, a = 6.7406(4), b = 9.959(2), c = 11.3123(8)Å, β = 102.969(5), V = 740.0(2)Å3, and Z = 2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021733108852
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure and absolute configuration of (−)-(1R, 2S, 6R, 7S, 2′S)-5-(2′-hydroxymethylpyrrolidin-1′-yl)-endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-4,8-dien-3-one (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 493-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; tricyclodecadienone ; enaminone ; dynamic kinetic resolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of (−)-(1R, 2S, 6R, 7S, 2′S)-5-(2′-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidin-1′-yl)-endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-4,8-dien-3-one is described. Knowing the absolute configuration of the prolinol moiety (S) the X-ray diffraction study established the absolute configuration of the title compound. The structure was refined to R 1 = 0.0322 for 1237 reflections (with I 〉 2σ(I)). Crystal data: C15H19NO2, monoclinic, space group P21, a = 6.0757(4), b = 11.3473(5), c = 9.5114(7)Å, β = 104.686(6)°, V = 634.32(7)Å3, and Z = 2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021781024782
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The crystal structure of 5α,9α-peroxyergosta-7,22-dien-6-one-3β-ol acetate (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 239-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; ergosterol peroxide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Ergosterol acetate, in pyridine, reacts with hydrogen peroxide and catalytic amounts of FeCl3 to afford the unusual product 5α,9α-peroxyergosta-7,22-dien-6-one-3β-ol acetate. The peroxide, in the title structure, is seen to bridge the C5 and C9 positions of the sterol backbone. Crystal data: C30H44O5, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 6.552(2), b = 11.048(8), c = 37.60(2), V = 2772(3)Å3, Z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022486730643
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The crystal structure of hexabenzoylhexaazaisowurtzitane (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 593-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; cage compound ; hexabenzoylhexaazaisowurtzitane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of an interesting cage compound is described. Crystal data: C48H36N6O6·(CH3)2CO; monoclinic; space group: P2 1 /n; a = 14.948(3) Å, b = 15.079(3) Å, c = 19.539(4)Å, β = 93.93(3)°, V = 4394(2)Å3; and Z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022452707772
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural study of the molecular complex in crystals of brucine with pantolactone (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; brucine ; pantolactone ; molecular complex ; chiral resolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We have determined an X-ray crystal structure, a = 12.482(1), b = 14.349(1), c = 14.342(1) Å, orthorhombic, P212121 for a molecular complex of brucine with pantolactone. The crystal structure is composed of corrugated sheets of brucine molecules containing the guest pantolactone molecules. The conformational twist of the pyrrolidine ring in brucine may probably be important in projecting the amine N2 to provide a strong and specific binding site for a chiral complexation. The pseudo-equatorial orientation of the hydroxyl group of the pantolactone anchors itself for binding via hydrogen bonding. In the crystal packing, the pantolactone molecules form helices and the brucine molecules are attached to these helices by O=H···N hydrogen bonds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009543903373
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Highly stereoselective sodium borohydride promoted reduction ofendo-5-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-7,7-dimethoxynorborn-2-ene (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 657-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; norbornene ; stereoselective reduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Racemicendo-5-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-7,7-dimethoxynorborn-2-ene was stereoselectively reduced by sodium borohydride to give only theS,S orR,R diastereomers. The crystal structure of the product displays no unusual features.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665972
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of 2-acetoxy-1,2-di(1-adamantyl)ethanone (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; 1,2-di(1-adamantyl)ethene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The structure of 2-acetoxy-1,2-di(1-adamantyl)ethanone is reported. The steric requirements of the two adamantyl groups affect the structure in three ways—a slight elongation of the central bond, a small expansion of the angles about the central bond, and a conformation in which the C(sp2)-connected adamantyl group virtually bisects the large substituents attached to the sp3 carbon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01796052
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of a PCU-derived pinacol formed via sodiumpromoted reductive dimerization of pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane-8,11-dione monoethylene ketal (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 517-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; pinacol ; reductive dimerization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The pinacol resulting from sodium promoted reductive coupling of pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.-03,10.05,9]undecane-8,11-dione monoethylene ketal possesses a conformation, dictated by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, that lies midway between eclipsed and staggered. The C−C and C−O distances in the pinacol unit are, respectively, longer and shorter than usual, and all parameters are as expected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665710
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal and molecular structure determination, TGA-DTA, and infrared and Raman spectra of rubidium nitroprusside, Rb2[Fe(CN)5NO] (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; rubidium nitroprusside ; IR ; Raman ; thermal analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound, Rb2[Fe(CN)5NO], crystallizes in the space group P212121, witha=5.687(1),b=15.956(2),c=12.645(3) Å, andZ=4. Anions are in equivalent C1 sites (one per asymmetric unit) and are slightly distorted octahedra (C4v ideal symmetry). TGA and DTA curves and vibrational (infrared and Raman) spectra of Rb2[Fe(CN)5NO] were obtained. Results are interpreted in view of the crystal structure of the compound and the behavior of related substances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01677095
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermodynamic vs. kinetic control in the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene to 2,3-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; cyclopentadiene ; 2,3-dicyano-p-benzoquinone ; Diels-Alder reaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene (1a) to 2,3-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (2a), when performed in methanol solvent at ambient temperature, proceeds with kinetic control to afford 1α,4α,4aβ,8aβ-tetrahydro-5,8-dioxo-1,4-methanonaphthalene-4a,8a-dicarbonitrile (7, 77% yield). However, when this cycloaddition is performed by refluxing an equimolar solution of1a and2a in benzene for 3 h, the product of thermodynamic control, i.e., 1α,4α,4aα,8aα-tetrahydro-5,8-dioxo-1,4-methanonaphthalene-6,7-dicarbonitrile (3a) is obtained in 64% yield. The structure of3a was confirmed by an analysis of the reduced intramolecular photocyclization product,9.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01677782
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal and molecular structure of (2E,4S,10R)-4-hydroxy-2-undecen-10-olide (nor-patulolide C), C11H18O3 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; undecen-olid ; nor-patulolide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The stereogeometry and absolute configuration of the title compound has been proved by an X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal data: monoclinic, P21,a=7.7976(2),b=7.8288(2),c=8.9791(4) Å, β=90.331(4)o, Z=2. The crystal structure has been solved by vector search methods and refined toR=0.042 for 1798 observed reflections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01677787
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal and molecular structure of diphenylphosphinylacetic acid (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 361-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; carboxylic acid ; phosphine oxide ; hydrogen bonding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Diphenylphosphinylacetic acid crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2l/n with unit cell dimensionsa=5.6875(7),b=17.049(4),c=13.471(2) Å, β=93.36(1)° and Z=4. The molecular packing consists of hydrogen bonded chains arising from intermolecular interactions between a carboxylic acid hydroxyl group and an oxygen of an adjacent phosphine oxide moiety.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01677101
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tetracyclo[6.3.0.04,11.05,9]undecane-2,7-dione (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 425-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; tetracyclo[6.3.0.04,11.05,9]undecane-2,7-dione
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group, $$P\bar 1$$ , witha=6.7702(4),b=7.0180(4),c=9.1960(7) Å, α=92.457(6), β=96.150(6), γ=93.444(5)°, andZ=2. The structure contains a rather short intramolecular H...H contact of 2.26(4) Å.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665823
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of strontium potassium arsenate octahydrate (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 741-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; hydrated ions ; ionic hydration ; strontium arsenate ; struvites ; struvite-type structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structure of strontium potassium arsenate octahydrate, SrKAsO4·8H2O, has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are tetragonal, a = 7.144(1), c = 23.613(2) Å, space group I41md (No. 109), Z = 4, V = 1205.1(1) Å3, and d c = 2.258 g cm−3. All cations and anions in this compound are completely surrounded by water molecules. Sr2+ and K+ ions are each coordinated to eight water molecules arranged in an approximately square antiprism. The [Sr(H2O)8]2+ polyhedron shares one face of four water molecules with a [K(H2O)8]+ polyhedron forming O4-Sr-O4-K-O4 polyhedra. The O4-Sr-O4-K-O4 units are linked together through a pair of edge-sharing linkages of the outer water molecules, alternating along the a-axis and b-axis. The hydrated cation polyhedra appear to define the host lattice, which accommodates the AsO 4 3- ion in the interstitial space. The environment of the AsO 4 3- ion consists of 16 water molecules; each oxygen atom is the acceptor in hydrogen bonds from four water molecules. The pair distances associated with this environment may be used in investigations of the structure of hydrated 4 n- ions in solutions. Each water molecule is coordinated to one Sr and one K, and hydrogen bonded to two O atoms of two different AsO 4 3- ions. There is no hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021812527701
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structures of a series of 3,7-bis-(arylazo)-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 797-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; bicyclononane ; triazene ; bis-triazene ; nitrile substituent ; nitro substituent ; trifluoromethyl substituent ; hydrogen bonding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of a series of 3,7-bis(arylazo)-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.1] nonanes (1a–d) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All four compounds have the same feature, that the tetraazabicyclononane unit assumes a cage-like structure with the aryltriazene moieties lying parallel to one another so that the aryl rings are held together by π – π stacking. Crystal data: 1a C17H18N10O4, triclinic, space group P − 1, a = 9.8899(10), b = 13.0845(13), c = 16.458(2) Å, α = 94.095(2)°, β = 107.004(2)°, γ = 111.027(2)°, V = 1863.5(3) Å3 and Z = 4; 1b, C19H18F6N8, orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 15.3210(8), b = 10.9512(6), c = 24.5698(13) Å, V = 4122.4(4) Å3 and Z = 8; 1c C19H18N10, monoclinic, space group P21/n a = 6.3742(6), b = 13.7343(13), c = 21.542(2)Å, β = 97.738(2)°, V = 1868.8(3) Å3, and Z = 4; 1d, C19H18N10, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 18.205(2), b = 17.398(2), c = 12.784(12) Å, β = 109.480(2)°, V = 3818.0(6) Å3, and Z = 8.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021823619465
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization and structural analyses of trimethoxy and triethoxybenzo[b]thiophene (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; centrosymmetric ; methoxybenzo [b] thiophene ; estrogen receptor ; tubulin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of two methoxybenzo [b] thiophenes have been determined by three-dimensional, single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Both 3-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxybenzoyl)-2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene and 3-(3′,4′,5′-triethoxybenzoyl)-2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene (hereafter referred to as I and II, respectively) crystallize in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group $$P \bar 1$$ (No. 2, C1) with two formula units per cell with a = 6.842(1) Å, b = 12.602(2) Å, c = 13.815(2) Å, α = 94.80(1)°, β = 98.27(2)°, and γ = 100.59(2)° and a = 10.600(1), b = 11.415(2), c = 12.137(2) Å, α = 94.57(1)°, β = 101.18(1)°, and γ = 110.45(1)°, respectively. The phase problems were solved by direct methods and the respective final full-matrix least-squares refinements converged to R = 0.039 and 0.068. The structures differ in the orientation of the trimethoxy and triethoxy groups of the benzoyl ligands. The molecules in the crystal lattice are held together by van der Waals forces. Selected bond distances, angles, and torsion angles are tabularized as well as reference to the synthesis of the title compounds and peripheral studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021853320007
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and crystal structure of a polymeric erbium(III)–sodium(I) coordination complex of picolinic acid N-oxide (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; coordination polymer ; erbium(III)–sodium(I) carboxylate complex ; picolinic acid N-oxide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new Er(III)–Na(I) coordination polymer of stoichiometry [NaEr2L5(H2O)6(NO3)](NO3)·3.5H2O (HL = picolinic acid N-oxide) has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Crystals are triclinic, PĪ with a = 9.823(2), b = 12.453(2), c = 20.643(4) Å; α = 98.49(3), (β = 101.40(3), γ = 108.69(3)°; V = 2284(1) Å3; Z = 2. Of the two independent eight-coordinate erbium(III) ions in this complex, one is surrounded by four bidentate chelating L ligands, and the other by one bidentate chelating L ligand, four aqua ligands and two anti-carboxylate oxygen atoms from two neighboring [ErL4] units. The sodium(I) ion is in a distorted octahedral environment, being coordinated by a unidentate nitrate anion, three aqua ligands and two anti-carboxylate oxygen atoms from two adjacent [ErL4] units. The complex is built from zigzag chains of syn-anti carboxylate-bridged erbium(III) moieties directed in the a direction, which are cross-linked pairwise by aqua-bridgeddimericsodium(I) units. The resulting composite polymeric chains are further connected by hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022424511580
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure and two-stage hydrolysis of dimethoxo (meso-tetra(4-methoxyphenylporphyrinato))tin(IV), Sn(tmpp)(OMe)2 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 481-486 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; tin porphyrin ; two-stage hydrolysis ; methanolate ; trans equivalent axial ligand
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this work, we determine the crystal structure of dimethoxo(meso-tetra(4-methoxyphenylporphyrinato))tin(IV), Sn(tmpp)(OMe)2 (1). Experimental results indicate that the tin atom has an octahedral geometry. The geometry around the tin center has Sn(1)–O(5) = 2.020(6), Sn(1)–O(6) = 2.003(7) Å and an average Sn(1)–N = 2.10(1) Å. The two methoxo groups are unidentately coordinated to the tin(IV) atom. Two-stage hydrolysis of Sn(tmpp)(OMe)2 in CDCl3 was observed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Compound (1) crystallizes in the space group P21/n with a = 14.7492(1), b = 19.2022(3), c = 16.0806(2) Å, β = 94.104(1)°, and Z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021776923873
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel polymeric gadolinium(III)–copper(II) complex of iminodiacetic acid (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 475-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; coordination polymer ; gadolinium(III)-copper(II) complex ; iminodiacetic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A novel polymeric Gd2Cu3 complex of iminodiacetic acid (H2L1=NH{CH2COOH}2), namely, Gd2Cu3(L1)6, 1, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. In the title complex, the Gd3+ ion is nine-coordinated by six O atoms from three bidentate chelating carboxylate groups and three O atoms from three anti-anti bridging carboxylic groups of six L1 ligands; the Cu2+ ion is six-coordinated by four O and two N atoms from two chelating L1 ligands. Each pair of Gd(III) atoms is bridged by three L1 ligands, each of which also chelates with one copper(II) ion, thus forming a Gd2Cu3 cluster unit. Such cluster units are cross-linked by flexible L1 ligands into a three-dimensional coordination framework. The title complex crystallizes in the trigonal space group P-3c1 (No. 165) with a = b = 13.433(4), c = 14.770(6) Å; V = 2308(1) Å3; Dcalca = 1.859 g cm−3; Z = 2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021724807035
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of a deaza dimer of 4-methyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 15-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; dimer ; triazole
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/n; a = 9.0024(5), b = 5.8135(3), c = 15.2232(8) Å, β = 91.153(4)° Z = 4; and R = 0.050 based on 853 observed, unique reflections. The structure consists of two fused five-membered triazole rings, oriented relative to each other at 152°.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009558912034
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structures of two substituted biphenyl derivatives: 5,5′-di t-butyl-2-2′-biphenyldiol and 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-biphenyldiol (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; biphenyl ; mutual orientation ; strong H-bonds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract 5,5′-Di t-butyl-2,2′-biphenyldiol (I), C20H26O2, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 18.243(2), b = 9.947(2), c = 9.685(3) Å, and Z = 4; 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-biphenyldiol (II), C14H14O2, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 9.959(2), b = 7.932(3), c = 15.392(2) Å, β = 105.43(2)°, and Z = 4. The aromatic rings are tilted by 52.7(1) and 43.8(1)° to each other in compounds (I) and (II), respectively. Strong intra- and inter-molecular H-bonds connect the molecules in the crystals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009509808535
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis, spectroscopic studies, and crystal structure of tris(tetra-n-butylammonium) hexakisisothiocyanatoindate(III) (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 317-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; indium complexes ; isothiocyanate complexes ; octahedral coordination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The reaction of a 1:10 molar ratio between indium chloride and tetra-n-butylammonium thiocyanate in ethanol affords the complex [(n-C4H9)4N]3[In(NCS)6] (1), the structure of which has been established by X-ray diffraction. This compound crystallizes in the cubic space group Pa3¯ with eight formula units in the unit cell. The formula unit consists of three separate cationic tetra-n-butylammonium groups and an independent hexakisisothiocyanatoindium anionic group. The six near linear thiocyanate ligands coordinate octahedrally through the nitrogen atom to the indium metal center. The coordination of the n-butyl groups to the ammonium-nitrogen atom is tetrahedral. The complex has also been characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, physical properties, and X-ray powder analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009525918781
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structures of a series of 3,8-di[-2-aryl-1-azenyl]-1,3,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[4.4.1]undecanes (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; bicycloundecane ; triazene ; bis-triazene ; nitro substituent ; carboalkoxy substituent ; π–π stacking
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of a series of 3,8-di[-2-aryl-1-azenyl]-1,3,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[4.4.1]undecanes (1–5) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In all five compounds, the tetraazabicycloundecane portion of the molecule assumes a cage-like, folded structure with the aryltriazene moieties aligned approximately parallel; the structure is held in the folded configuration by either intramolecular or intermolecular π–π stacking forces. Crystal data: 1 C19H22N10O4, monoclinic space group P21/c, a = 10.1846(7), b = 9.9556(7), c = 20.819(2) Å, β = 98.725(1)°, V = 2086.5 (3) Å3, Z = 4; 2 C23H28N8O4, triclinic, space group Pī, a = 6.7064(7), b = 12.9662(14), c = 14.054(2) Å, α = 94.796(2), β = 91.621(2), γ = 104.836(2)°, V = 1175.7(2) Å3, Z = 2; 3 C19H22N10O4, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 14.237(2), b = 13.520(2), c = 11.5805(12) Å, β = 113.514(2)°, V = 2044.0(4) Å3, Z = 4; 4 C21H22N10, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 54.247(3), b = 11.5531(7), c = 12.9670(7) Å, β = 95.710(1)°, V = 8086.4(8) Å3, Z = 16; 5 C25H32N8 04, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 10.2908(7), b = 16.5687(12), c = 15.1662(10) Å, β = 94,188(1)°, V = 2579.0(3) Å3, Z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009557724465
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and crystal structure of 4,5-dibromo[2.1.1]triblattene (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; dibromotriblattene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Reaction of 4-bromopentacyclo[7.3.0.02,7.03,11.06,10]dodec-11-ene (1) with Br2—CCl4 afforded 4,4,5-tribromopentacyclo[7.3.0.02,7.03,11.06,10]dodecane (2) in 89–94% yield. Subsequent treatment of 2 with KOt-Bu-t-BuOH resulted in competitive elimination of the elements of HBr and of Br2 with concomitant formation of 4,5-dibromopentacyclo[7.3.0.02,7.03,11.06,10]dodec-11-ene (3, 76%) and 1 (17%), respectively. The structure of 3 was established unequivocally via application of X-ray crystallographic methods. Crystal data for 3: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 9.895(1), b = 9.0963(7), c = 12.471(1) Å, β = 106.875(8)°, z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009538321507
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis, crystal structure, and molecular modeling (AM1) of Methyl 6-chloro-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-formyl-2-methyl-1, 4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; AM1 ; x-ray diffraction ; dihydropiridines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The synthesis and structural characterization of Methyl 6-chloro-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-formyl-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate is described. The structure was refined to R1 = 0.0470 for 2665 reflections (with I 〉 2σ(I)). Crystal data: C15H13C12NO3, monoclinic,space group P21/c, a = 11.163(9), b = 14.484(8), c = 9.422(7) Å, V = 1512.9(19) Å3, Z = 4. The results of crystallographic and molecular modeling (AM1) were compared. The Cl atom attached to the phenyl group has two possible orientations, having 75% (sp) and 25% (ap) occupancy, respectively. The molecules in the crystal are held together by means of intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type N=H...O and by C=H...O interactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009539005669
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and crystal structure of a tetranuclear manganese(IV) cluster [L4Mn4O6](ClO4)4·2H2O (L = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; manganese(IV) cluster ; adamantane-shaped complex ; tetranuclear complex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A tetranuclear manganese (IV) complex, [L4Mn4O6](ClO4)4·2H2O (1), with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L) as the capping ligands, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction; monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 21.335(6) Å, b = 11.387(3) Å, c = 21.788 (6) Å, β = 111.410 (6)°, V = 4928 (2) Å, Z = 4. Each manganese atom has a distorted octahedral environment comprised of three facially coordinated amine nitrogen atoms and three oxygen atoms, and the cation is an idealized tetrahedron. The Mn4O6 4+ cation corresponds to an adamantane skeleton.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009543106577
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of a C2-symmetric bis(benzyloxy)trishomocubanone (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 747-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; trishomocubanone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The structure of a bis(benzyloxy)trishomocubanone with molecular C2 symmetry reveals that substitution of benzyloxy groups has little effect on the trishomocubane cage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01670329
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of ethyl 4-methylthio-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazole-5-carboxylate (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; 1,3-oxazoline-2-thione ; resonance structures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound C13H13NO3S2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ (Z=2) with lattice constantsa=8.382(2),b=10.042(2),c=10.134(2) Å, α=119.35(1)°, β=101.40(1)° and γ=90.54(1)°. The interplanar angle between the least squares planes of the 1,3-oxazoline ring and the phenyl ring amounts to 90.2°, thus hindering conjugation between the benzene and heterocyclic system. The observed bond parameters of the five-membered heterocycle suggest a significant contribution from a zwitterionic dipolar limiting structure [38.7(5)%] to the description of this ring system. The particular contributions of the resonance structures were estimated by calculations using the HOSE model on the base of the observed bond lengths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665176
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and structure ofexo-11-cyano-endo-11-(trimethylsilyloxy)pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecan-8-one (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; pentacycloundecan-8-one ; pentacycloundecane-8,11-dione
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structure of an asymmetric pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecan-8,11-dione derivative is reported, in which Me3SiCN has been added across one of the keto groups. The cage structure demonstrates the expected effects of this addition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665182
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of the product formed via Cu(I)-promoted oxidative dimerization ofexo-8-ethynylpentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05.9]undecan-endo-8-ol (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 543-547 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; diyne ; oxidative dimerization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The structure consists of two acetyl-substituted PCU cages linked by a diyne fragment. The conformation about the linker is midway between staggered and eclipsed, and the acetyl groups are somewhat distorted due to the proximity to the bulky cage units.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01667022
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure oftrans-tetrachlorobis[2-(2-1H-imidazolyl)-1H-imidazolium]cadmium(II), [Cd(H3biim)2Cl4] (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 695-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; 2,2'-bi-1H-imidazole ; cadmium chloride
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The reaction between cadmium(II) chloride and 2,2'-bi-1H-imidazole (H2biim) in an acidic solution affords [Cd(H3biim)2Cl4] (H3biim=2-(2-1H-imidazolyl)-1H-imidazolium) in 63% yield. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP1, wherea=8.072(2),b=8.100(2),c=8.593(2) Å, α=75.89(2), β=62.94(2), γ=63.29(1)°,V=446.4(2) Å3, andZ=1. The central Cd atom exhibits an octahedral geometry composed of a Cl4N2 core. The Cd-N bond distance is 2.392(2) Å. Cd−Cl distances are 2.5919(9) and 2.671(1) Å.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01991966
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray structures of two methoxybenzo[b]thiophenes (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 801-806 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; centrosymmetric ; methoxybenzo[b]thiophene ; estrogen receptor ; tubulin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of two methoxybenzo[b]thiophenes have been determined by three-dimensional, single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Both 3-(4′-hydroxy-3′, 5′-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene and 3-(2′,6′-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene (hereafter referred to asI andII, respectively) crystallize in the monoclinic centrosymmetric space groupP21/n (No. 14, C 2h 5 ) with four formula units-per cell witha=6.866(1),b=28.638(2),c=11.830(2) Å, and β=105.52(1)° anda=9.328(1),b=7.977(1),c=29.650(4) Å, and β=97.87(1)°, respectively. The phase problems were solved by direct methods and the respective final full-matrix least-squares refinements converged toR=0.046 and 0.031. The structures differ in the positioning of the dimethoxy groups of the benzoyl ligands and the addition of a hydroxyl group inI. The molecules in the crystal lattice are held together by van der Waals forces plus the addition of hydrogen bonding in compoundI. Selected bond distances and angles and torsion angles are tabularized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01670312
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction of vinylmagnesium bromide with hexacyclo[10.2.1.02,11.04,9.04,14.09,13]pentadeca-5,7-diene-3,10-dione: Transannular hemiketal formation (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; hexacyclopentadeca-5,7-diene-3,10-dione
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Reaction between vinylmagnesium bromide and the cage dione leads to attack of only one equivalent of Grignard and intramolecular nucleophilic attack on the second ketone. The product compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/a, witha=9.509(1),b=11.071(2),c=12.492(4) Å, β=104.32(2)°, andZ=4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665824
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The crystal and molecular structure of 6,8,15,16b,16c,17-hexahydro-16b,16c-diphenyl-7H,16H-6a,7a,15a,16a-tetraazanaphtho[5,6]azulano[2,1,8-ij]naptho[f]azulene-7,16-dione (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 365-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; receptor ; clip shaped molecule
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of a clip containing molecule is described. The structure was solved by vector search methods and refined by least squares methods toR l=0.0768 [I〉2σ(I)]. Crystal data: C40H30N4O2·HCCl3, triclinic, space group $$P\bar 1$$ ,a=9.302(2),b=12.981(2),c=15.765(2)Å, α=65.91(2)°, β=76.40(2)°, γ=80.15(1)°,V=1682.9(4)Å3, Z=2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01677102
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and X-ray analysis of 1-((1S)-phenylethyl)-azetidine-(2R)-piperidinamide (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 639-642 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; chiral auxiliaries
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of a new azetidine-2-carboxylic amide derivative is described. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least squares methods toR1=0.0393 for 4264 reflections (withI〉2σ(I)) The structure consists of two independent molecules which are chemically the same with slight differences in geometry. Crystal data: C17H24N2O, monoclinic, space groupP21,a=8.3782(4),b=20.0342(13),c=9.7769(8) Å, β=109.687(6)°,V=1545.1(2)Å3,Z=4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01668624
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structures of two 1,2-bis-(1-aryl-3-methyltriazene-3-yl-)ethanes with aryl substituents of opposite polarity (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 5-10 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; triazene ; bis-triazene ; nitrile substituent ; methoxy substituent ; hydrogen bonding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of 1,2-bis-{1-(2-cyanophenyl)-3-methyltriazen-3-yl-}ethane (1) and 1,2-bis-{1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyltriazen-3-yl-}ethane (2) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Bis-triazene (1) exists as the “staggered” conformation in the solid state, with an anti-anti configuration around the N2–N3 bond of the triazene units, whereas 2 assumes a “gauche” conformation with the syn-syn configuration in the triazene units. Crystal data: 1 C18H18N8, triclinic, space group P −1, a = 6.108(2), b = 8.118(3), c = 9.600(4)Å, α = 101.37(7)°, β = 96.47(7)°, γ = 102.71(5)°, V = 449.1(3)Å3, Z = 2; 2 C18H24N6O2, monoclinic, space group P 21/n, a = 13.119(5), b = 7.745(2), c = 19.201(2)Å, β = 96.47(7)°, V = 1910.3(9)Å3, Z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021714316063
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structures of the hydrated disodium and paraquat salts of 1,8-disulfonato-3,4,5,6-acridinetetracarboxylic acid (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; 1,8-disulfonato-3,4,5,6-acridinetetracarboxylic acid ; 3,4,5,6-tetracarboxyacridine-1,8-disulfonate ; paraquat ; hydrate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Two hydrated salts of 1,8-disulfonato-3,4,5,6-acridinetetracarboxylic acid, H2L, have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Compound 1, Na2L·9 $$ - \frac{1}{2}$$ H2O, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 42.005(1), b = 6.838(1), c = 23.807 (1) Å, β = 122.71 (1)°, and Z = 8. Compound 2, (paraquat)L·2H2O, belongs to the triclinic space group $${P\bar 1}$$ with a = 9.940(1), b = 11.543(1), c = 14.033(1) Å, α = 105.45(1), β = 95.82(1), γ = 100.14(1)° and and Z = 2. All four carboxyl groups in the 3,4,5,6-tetracarboxyacridine-1,8-disulfonate dianion L2− are un-ionized. In 1 the distorted octahedrally coordinated sodium cations, the anions, and the lattice water molecules are joined together by hydrogen bonds to generate a three-dimensional network. In the crystal structure of 2, a host framework composed of L2− ions and water molecules accommodate the paraquat dications within two channel systems running parallel to the a and b axes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021726618789
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structures of four dibromomethylene-functionalized cage compounds (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 259-266 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; heptacyclotetradecane ; hexacyclotetradecane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Crystal structures of four dibromomethylene-functionalized hexa- and heptacyclotetradecane cages are reported. 7-(Dibromomethylene)heptacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14]tetradecane (3): orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 14.744(1), b = 11.237(1), c = 7.4625(7) Å Z = 4; R = 0.0531 for 504 observed reflections. 7,12-Bis(dibromomethylene)heptacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13-04,11 .05,9.010,14]tetradecane (4): monoclinic, I2/a, a = 11.257(1), b = 9.5844(8), c = 13.884(2) Å, β = 92.254(8)° Z = 4; R = 0.0413 for 663 observed reflections. 10,14-bis(dibromomethylene)hexacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9]tetradecane (6): monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.118(1), b = 15.273(4), c = 12.826(3) Å, β = 104.20(1)° Z = 4; R = 0.0384 for 1392 observed reflections. 14-(dibromomethylene)hexacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9]tetradecan-10-one (7): monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.2879(7), b = 15.273(1), c = 10.0565(9) Å, β = 92.271(8)° Z = 4; R = 0.0320 for 1402 observed reflections. The functional groups lead to slight shortening of bond lengths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021845118189
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A dinuclear cyano-bridged complex based on hexacyanoferrate(III) and samarium(III) nitrate: synthesis and crystal structure (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 303-307 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; samarium(III) complexes ; iron(III) complexes ; cyanide-bridges ; dinuclear complexes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new complex, [Sm(DMF)4(H2O)4Fe(CN)6]·H2O (DMF = N, N-dimethylformamide), has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal structure and thermogravimetric analyses. The complex crystallizes in the P21/n space group, with lattice parameters a = 17.583(4) Å, b = 8.870(2) Å, c = 19.845(6) Å, β = 95.98(3)°, V = 3078(1) Å3, D x = 1.679 Mg m−3, D m = 1.65(1) Mg m−3, Z = 4. The molecular structure shows that a cyano-bridged bimetallic structure is obtained. The Sm atom is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms of four water molecules and four DMF molecules and one nitrogen atom of the bridging cyanide ligand. The iron atom assumes approximately an octahedral environment surrounded by six CN ligands. The hydrate water molecule is hydrogen-bonded to one of the O atoms bound to Sm. Each terminal CN ligand of the Fe(CN) 6 3− entity is hydrogen-bonded to some O atoms of water molecules. An infrared spectrum is also reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021857420915
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gold(III)-pteridine compounds: synthesis, spectral, and X-ray diffraction studies on new adducts between sodium tetrabromoaurate(III) and lumazine derivatives (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 565-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; complexes ; pteridine ; lumazine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In aqueous hydrobromic medium, Na[AuCl4] reacts with 1,3-dimethyllumazine (1,3-dimethyl-pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, DLM) or 1,3,6,7-tetramethyllumazine (DLMD) to give three adducts with simplified formulas Na[AuBr4](DLMD), Na[AuBr4](DLM), and Na[AuBr4](DLM)2. These compounds have been characterized by means of analytical techniques, and IR and NMR spectroscopies. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies have been made on the Na[AuBr4](DLM)2 compound. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic Pbca space group, with a = 15.249(1), b = 15.238(2), c = 21.563(2) Å, Z = 8, and R = 0.053. The structure consists of planar [AuBr4]− anions and Na+ cations weakly linked to two crystallographically independent DLM molecules. The Na+ cation interacts weakly with four oxygen and one nitrogen atoms from four different pteridine molecules, its environment may be described as a very distorted square pyramid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023252324268
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure of AlH3[N(CH2CH2)3CH]2 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 649-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; aluminum ; hydride ; complex ; quinuclidine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Reaction of AlH3[N(CH2CH2)3CH] with hexamethyltrisiloxane, (OSiMe2)3, gives rise to the bis-quinuclidine complex AlH3[N(CH2CH2)3CH]2, which has been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The molecular structure of AlH3[N(CH2CH2)3CH]2 consists of a trigonal bipyramidal aluminum with axial coordination of the quinuclidine ligands. Crystal data: orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, a = 10.6895(9), b = 12.266(1), c = 12.3794(9) Å, V = 1623.2(2) Å3, and Z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022473312315
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and crystal structure of a new lithium cyclohexaphosphate hydrate: Li6P6O18·10H2O (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; cyclohexaphosphate ; hydrate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The synthesis and crystal structure of a novel hydrate of lithium cyclohexaphosphate are reported. Li6P6O18·10H2O crystallizes in the space group C2/c with a = 15.113(5), b = 12.006(2), c = 15.892(2) Å, β = 122.85(2)°, and Z = 4. The structure consists of P6O18 ring layers stacked along the c direction in between which are located the lithiumions and water molecules. Two LiO4 tetrahedra share common edges with LiO5 pseudosquare pyramids to form two independant Li3O9 units. About 50% of the water molecules have fractional occupancy rates and form fragments of molecules. A linear relationship is established between the relative cell volume V/Z and the hydration degree, n, for all the known hydrates: Li6P6O18·nH2O.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009577902852
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and structure of a bis(ethynyl)-substituted oxahexacyclic cage ether (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 347-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; pentacycloundecane ; triple bonds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Intramolecular dehydration of a cage-diol results in the title compound. This crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c; a = 8.6403(8), b = 9.5698(7), c = 14.062(1) Å β = 107.47(7)° and Z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009586204669
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A cobalt(II) complex with the N,N,O-tridentate ligand 6-amino-5-formyl-1,3-dimethyluracilato-benzoyl-hydrazone (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; complexes ; cobalt ; benzoylhydrazone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structure of bis-(6-amino-5-formyl-1,3-dimethyluracilato benzoylhydrazone)cobalt(II) dimethylformamide solvate is described. This compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1¯, Z = 2 with a = 9.7368(8), b = 12.346(1), c = 17.184(1) Å, α = 78.372(6), β = 74.585(6), γ = 71.113(5)°, and V = 1869.0(3) Å3. The coordination polyhedron around the metal ion displays a slightly flattened M(NNO)2 octahedral shape. Both ligands bind in a trident fashion through the benzoylic oxygen atom, the hydrazone nitrogen atom closer to the uracil ring, and the deprotonated nitrogen atom of the amino group. The two ligands exhibit quite different conformations: one of them is almost planar, whereas the other is severely twisted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009565600126
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and crystal structure of 4,4′-bis(4-pyridylethyl)biphenyl, noncovalently hydrogen bonded two-dimensional networks (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 641-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; hydrogen bonds ; 1H and 13C NMR ; FTIR
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new pyridine containing compound, 4,4′-bis(4-pyridylethyl)biphenyl 1, was synthesized and its structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Two kinds of two-dimensional networks linked by hydrogen bonds were obtained with different crystal solvents: 1·2H2O, monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 8.3280(10), b = 5.5990(10), c = 24.054(4) Å, β = 98.79(2)°, V = 1108.4(3) Å3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.200 g cm−3, R1 = 0.0558; 1·CH3OH·2H2O, triclinic, space group P-1 with a = 8.3310(10), b = 12.861(2), c = 13.111(2) Å, α = 64.110(10), β = 75.000(10), γ = 83.750(10)°, V = 1220.7(3) Å3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.177 g cm−3, R1 = 0.0529. It is interesting that in the hydrate the host molecule of 1 contains an essentially flat biphenyl section, while in the methanol complex the host molecule of 1 contains a substantial twist in the center of the biphenyl section. The compounds were also characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. The 1H and 13C NMR assignments for 1 were carried out by 2D NMR spectral measurements in acetonitrile-d 3.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011944115181
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray crystal structures of [HB(3,4,5-Me3pz)3[2Zn, [H2B(3,4,5-Me3pz)2]Zn(μ-3,4,5-Me3pz)2Zn[H2B(3,4,5-Me3pz)2], and [H2B(pz)2]2Zn (pz = pyrazolyl ring) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 665-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; poly(pyrazolyl)borate ligands ; zinc(II)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract [HB(3,4,5-Me3pz)3]2Zn (1) and [H2B(3,4,5-Me3pz)2]Zn(μ-3,4,5-Me3pz)2Zn[H2B(3,4,5-Me3pz)2] (2) are present in equal amounts in a crystal in the triclinic space group, P-1 with a = 11.5924(11) Å, b = 12.7799(12) Å, c = 15.7317(14) Å α = 107.905(2)° β = 96.796(2)°, γ = 105.786(2)°, and Z = 1. The structure of 1 is a trigonally distorted octahedron and is very similar to the structure of [HB(3,5-Me2pz)3]2Zn showing that the introduction of the third methyl group on the pyrazolyl ring does not impact on structure. [H2B(pz)2]2Zn (3) is orthorhombic, Pca2(1) with a = 10.1473(3) Å, b = 11.1117(2) Å, c = 14.1831(5) Å, α = β = γ = 90° and Z = 4. The zinc(II) centers in both 2 and 3 are similar and have pseudotetrahedral structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011900300160
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure and properties of cobalt(II) complex with a tetraaza macrocycle containing 2-pyridylmethyl pendant arms (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; cobalt(II) complex ; tetraaza macrocycle ; 2-pyridylmethyl pendant arms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The complex [Co(L)]Cl2·10H2O (1) (L = 2,13,-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,01.18,07.12]docosane) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1 with a = 9.731(2) Å, b = 9.789(2) Å, c = 11.998(1) Å, α = 66.66(1)°, β = 76.95(1)°, γ = 87.99(2)°, V = 1020.4(3) Å3, and Z = 1. The crystal structure of 1 shows that the complex is centrosymmetric and the cobalt(II) ion has a slightly distorted octahedral geometry with four nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle and two nitrogen atoms of the pendent arms at the axial positions. Cyclic voltammetry for 1 undergoes reversible one-electron oxidation to the Co(III) and irreversible one-electron reduction to the Co(I).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009513308611
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of 2,3-dihydronaphto[2,3-b) [1,5] dioxepin (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; chemical synthesis ; 2,3-dihydronaphto[2,3-b] [1,5) dioxepin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The X-ray single crystal structure of C13H12O2 compound was determined. It crystallizes in the orthorombic space group P212121 with a = 7.8847(7), b = 9.639(1), c = 13.432(2) Å, Z = 4 and V = 1020.8(3) Å3. The final R converged to 0.037 for 1763 independent reflexions. The title compound forms layers parallel to (1 0 0) planes and the three dimensional cohesion of the crystal is assumed by Van der Waals interactions. The molecule consists of two six-membered rings (A and B) and a seven-membered ring (C). A and B rings are planar, whereas the C ring has a chair conformation
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011399416154
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shock waves propagation in the turbulent interplanetary plasma (1996)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 243 (1996), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Schlagwort(e): Interplanetary Plasma ; Shock Waves ; Turbulence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Effect of turbulence on interplanetary shock waves propagation is considered. It is shown that background turbulence results in the additional shock wave deceleration which may be comparable with the deceleration due to plasma sweeping. The turbulent deceleration is connected with the energy losses due to the strong turbulence amplification behind the moving shock front.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644028
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The crystal structure of PbFe[AsO4][AsO3(OH)] (1996)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): PbFe[AsO4][AsO3(OH)] ; Synthesis,hydrothermal ; Crystal structure ; Crystal chemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Hellgrüne bis nahezu farblose Kristalle von PbFe[AsO4][AsO3(OH)] wurden unter niedrig-hydrothermalen Bedingungen synthetisiert (a=4.846(2),b=8.482(4),c=15.560(6) Å, β=92.82(3)°, Raumgruppe P21/n, Z=4). Für die Einkristall-Strukturbestimmung wurden 110 freie Parameter aufR=0.042,R w=0.031 verfeinert (1545 Röntgenbeugungsreflexe mitF 0 〉3σ(F 0) und sinϑ/λ⩽70°). Die Kristallstruktur wird durch eine dreidimensionale Ecken-Verknüpfung der FeO6-Oktaeder mit den Arsenattetraedern und den protonierten Arsenatgruppen charakterisiert. Jeweils zwei PbO7-Polyeder sind über eine Kante zu Pb2O12-Dimeren verknüpft, die in Zwischenräumen angeordnet sind.
    Notizen: Summary Light green to nearly colourless crystals of PbFe[AsO4][AsO3(OH)] were synthesized under moderate hydrothermal conditions (a=4.846(2),b=8.482(4),c=15.560(6) Å, β=92.82(3)°, space group P21/n, Z=4). For a single-crystal structure determination, 110 variable parameters were refined toR=0.042,R w=0.031 (1545 X-ray reflections withF 0 〉3σ(F 0) and sinϑ/λ⩽70°). The crystal structure is characterized by a three-dimensional corner-connection of the FeO6 octahedra with the arsenate tetrahedra and the protonated arsenate groups. Each two PbO7 polyhedra are edge-connected to Pb2O12 dimers which are located within interstitial holes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807393
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of Ag2TeS3 and Na(Na1−x Ag x )TeS3 (x≈0.5) and the geometry of Te(IV)S3 polyhedra (1997)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 128 (1997), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): Ag2TeS3 ; Na(Na1−x Ag x )TeS3 (x≈0.5) ; Hydrothermal syntheses ; Crystal structure ; Crystal chemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die mittels Röntgenbeugungsexperimenten an Einkristallen bei 300 K bestimmten Strukturen von Ag2TeS3 (monoklin Cc-C s 4 ;a=6.783(1),b=11.567(2),c=7.693(1) Å; β=114.44(1)°;Z=4;R=0.044) und Na(Na1−x Ag x )TeS3 (x≈0.5; monoklin, P21/c-C 2h 5 ;a=5.761(9),b=12.171(8),c=8.342(4)Å; β=92.26(6)°;Z=4;R=0.030) berichtet. In beiden Verbindungen ist die Atomanordnung durch isolierte trigonal-pyramidale TeS3-Polyeder, unregelmäßig koordinierte Ag- und Na-Atome, AgS4- und (Na, Ag)S4-Polyeder bildend, sowie leicht verzerrte NaS6-Oktaeder charakterisiert. Kristalle der beiden Verbindungen wurden unter moderaten Hydrothermalbedingungen aus einem equimolaren Gemenge der Elemente und konzentrierter wäßriger Ammoniaklösung bzw. 5N NaOH-Lösung gezüchtet.
    Notizen: Summary Structural data determined by single crystal X-ray experiments (T=300 K) are reported for Ag2TeS3 (monoclinic, Cc-C s 4 ;a=6.783(1),b=11.567(2),c=7.693(1) Å; β=114.44(1)°;Z=4;R=0.044) and for Na(Na1−x Ag x )TeS3 x≈0.5; monoclinic, P21/c-C 2h 5 ;a=5.761(9),b=12.171(8),c=8.342(4) Å; β=92.26(6)°;Z=4;R=0.030). In both compounds the atomic arrangements are characterized by isolated trigonal pyramidal TeS3 polyhedra, irregularly coordinated Ag and Na atoms forming AgS4 and (Na, Ag)S4 polyhedra, and slightly distorted NaS6 octahedra. Crystals of both compounds were synthesized under moderate hydrothermal conditions from an equimolar mixture of the elements in concentrated aqueous ammonia and 5N NaOH solution, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807304
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enantiomere und diastereomere 2-Methoxymethyl-pyrrolidin-1-dithiocarbonsäureester (1997)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 128 (1997), S. 881-891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): 2-Methoxymethylpyrrolidine ; Carbon disulfide ; Pyrrolidine-1-dithiocarboxylates ; Crystal structure ; Diastereomers ; HPLC
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Formation of the 2-methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-dithiocarboxylates2–4 and alkylation of2 and3 were studied. Enantiomeric and diastereomeric derivatives of4, the preparation of diastereomeric mixtures of4 by alkylation of3 in the presence of strong bases, and formation of6 by phase transfer alkylation of2 are described. The two enantiomers of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl 2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine-1-dithiocarboxylate2 have been characterized by X-ray analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807097
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Einkristallstrukturanalyse vonBis(trimethylsilyl)peroxid (1996)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 1221-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; Silylperoxide ; Crystal growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide has been prepared from trimethylchlorsilane, hydrogen peroxide, and 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Crystal growth was achievedin situ on a diffractometer and characterized by crystal structure analysis (T=193(2) K, 2522 reflections, P21/c;a=606.7(1) pm,b=1098.5(1) pm,c=858.2(1) pm, β=101.88(2)°,Z=2,R=0.045). The molecule's conformation in the crystalline solid is determined by C-H...O-bridges.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxid wurde aus Trimethylchlorsilan, Wasserstoffperoxid und 1,4-Diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octan dargestellt. Ein Einkristall wurdein situ auf einem Vierkreisdiffraktometer gezüchtet und mittels Einkristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert (T=193(2) K, 2522 Reflexe, P21/c;a=606.7(1) pm,b=1098.5(1) pm,c=858.2(1) pm, β=101.88(2)°,Z=2,R=0.045). Die Konformation des Moleküls im Kristall ist durch C-H...O-Brücken bestimmt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807788
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tetrakis(2-fluorophenylamino)silan und sein erstes Kondensationsprodukt N-(2-fluorophenyl)-Si, Si, Si, Si′, Si′, Si′-hexakis(2-fluorophenylamino)-disilazan. Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen (1996)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): Condensation ; Crystal structure ; Disilazane ; Silanetetramine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The synthesis and crystal structure determination of silanetetramine N,N′,N″,N‴2-fluorophenyl(C2/c;a=16.771(7) Å,b=16.827(5) Å,c=16.753(6) Å, ß=111.00(2)°, z=8) are reported. In a search for suitable condensation pathways to silicon/nitrogen based porous solids, N-(2-fluorophenyl)-Si,Si,Si,Si′,Si′,Si′-hexakis(2-fluorophenylamino)disilazane (2) has been obtained from the ammonium carbamate catalyzed condensation of the silanetetramine in teflon lined autoclaves. The X-ray crystal structure determination ( $$P\bar 1$$ ;a=9.331(1) Å,b=13.698(5) Å,c=16.164(4) Å, α=90.34(2)°, ß=103.03(2)°, γ=103.04(3)°, Z=2) shows the disilazane to be a dimer formed by linear condensation from the monomeric silazane.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Tetrakis(2-fluorophenylamino)silan (1) wurde als Precursor zur Darstellung poröser, nitridischer Festkörper synthetisiert und mit Hilfe der Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert (C2/c;a=16.771(7) Å,b=16.827(5) Å,c=16.753(6) Å, ß=111.00(2)°,z=8). Beim Erhitzen mit Ammoniumcarbamat als Katalysator wurde N-(2-fluorophenyl)-Si, Si, Si, Si′, Si′, Si′, -hexakis(2-fluorophenylamino)disilazan (2) als erstes Kondensationsprodukt isoliert ( $$P\bar 1$$ ;a=9.331(1) Å,b=13.698(5) Å,c=16.164(4) Å, α=90.34(2)°, ß=103.03(2)′, γ=103.04(3)°, Z=2).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807392
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Untersuchungen des Hydroxylammonium-Fluorogallats (1996)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 581-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): (NH3OH)3GaF6 ; Hydroxylammonium compounds ; Fluorogallates ; Crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Crystals of (NH3OH)3GaF6 have been isolated from aqueous solution. The compound crystallizes triclinic, with cell parametersa=6.539(5) Å,b=6.924(5) Å,c=9.403(1) Å, α=87.01(9)°, β=83.98(8)°, γ=70.28(8)°. The thermal decomposition was studied by TG and DSC analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00817249
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction of titanocene dihalides with Na2H2 EDTA. Crystal structure of [Ti(EDTA)(H2O)] (1997)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 128 (1997), S. 1201-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): Titanium ; EDTA ; Crystal structure ; Sevenfold coordination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Titanocenkomplexe ([Ti(η5-C5H4 R)2 X 2];R=H, SiMe3;X=Cl, Br) reagieren in wäßrigem Methanol mit Na2H2 EDTA unter Verdrängung der Halogen- und Cyclopentadienylliganden zum selben Produkt ([Ti(EDTA)(H2O)]). Die Struktur von ([Ti(EDTA)(H2O)]) wurde röntgenographisch bestimmt. Kristalldaten: monoklin,a=13.923(6),b=7.048(3),c=13.252(5) Å, β=90.81(1)°, RaumgruppeP21/c,Z=4. In diesem Komplex ist das Titanatom mit einem sechszähnigenEDTA-Liganden und einem Wassermolekül, das eine zusätzliche Koordinationsstelle besetzt, siebenfach koordiniert.
    Notizen: Summary Titanocene complexes ([Ti(η5-C5H4 R)2 X 2];R = H, SiMe3;X=Cl, Br) react with Na2H2 EDTA in aqueous methanol to give an identical product ([Ti(EDTA)(H2O)] by cleavage of the halogen and cyclopentadienyl ligands. The structure of [Ti(EDTA)(H2O)] has been determined by X-ray diffraction; crystal data: monoclinica=13.923(6),b=7.048(3),c=13.252(5) Å, β=90.81(1)°, space groupP21/c,Z=4. In this complex, Ti has a sevenfold coordination with a hexadentateEDTA 4− ligand and a water molecule occupying an additional coordination site.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807251
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Untersuchungen der Hydroxylammonium-Fluorozirconate(IV) (1995)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 126 (1995), S. 1279-1289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): (NH3OH)2ZrF6 ; (NH3OH)3ZrF7 ; Hydroxylammonium compounds ; Fluorozirconates ; Crystal structure ; IR spectroscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Hydroxylammonium fluorozirconates have been investigated. Two new microcristalline phases have been isolated from aqueous solutions: (NH3OH)2ZrF6 (1) and (NH3OH)3ZrF7 (2). The crystals were prepared by slow evaporation of the solution of NH2OH, Zr, and HF. Different compositions of the crystals were achieved by varying the molar ratios of the components. They were characterized by thermal analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, and structure (single crystal x-ray methods). (NH3OH)2ZrF6 (1) crystallizes triclinic, P $$\overline 1 $$ (No.: 2),a=7.400(2),b=7.609(2),c=7.887(2) Å, α=57.29(3)°, β=62.16(3)°, γ=67.83(2)°. (NH3OH)3ZrF7 (2) crystallizes triclinic, P $$\overline 1 $$ (No.: 2),a=7.128(1),b=7.989(1),c=8.888(1) Å, α=109.72(1)°, β=91.01(1)°, γ=104.27(1)°.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807057
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The crystal structures ofbis-{(2-benzotrifluoride)-[(2-oxo-3H-naphth-3-ylidene)-methyl]-aminato} Copper(II) andbis-{(3-benzotrifluoride)-[(2-oxo-3H-naphth-3-ylidene)-methyl]-aminato} Copper(II) (1995)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 126 (1995), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): Hydroxy-naphthaleńicSchiff bases ; Schiff base Copper(II) complexes ; Crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung DieSchiffschen Basen 3-[(2-Benzotrifluorid)-2-hydroxy-3H-naphth-3-yliden)-methyl]-aldamin (1) und 3-[(3-Benzotrifluorid)-2-hydroxy-3H-naphth-3-yliden)-methyl]-aldamin (2) sowie ihre entsprechenden Cu(II)-Komplexe (I,II) wurden synthetisiert und ihre Struktur im Kristall bestimmt. VerbindungI kristallisiert triklin (a=15.561(3),b=16.211(4),c=8.007(2) Å, α=96.29(2), β=101.42(2), γ=97.10(2)°, Raumgruppe $$P_{\bar 1}$$ ,Z=2); VerbindungII kristallisiert monoklin (a=5.064(2),b=19.172(4),c=15.111(3) Å, β=95.05(2)°, Raumgruppe P21/c,Z=2). Aus der Röntgenstrukturanalyse ergibt sich eine quadratisch planare Geometrie der Komplexe.
    Notizen: Summary TheSchiff base ligands 3-[(2-benzotrifluoride)-2-hydroxy-3H-naphth-3-ylidene)-methyl] aldamine (1) and 3-[(3-benzotrifluoride)-2-hydroxy-3H-naphth-3-ylidene)-methyl] aldamine (2) and their corresponding Cu(II) complexes (I, II) were synthesized. The crystal structures ofbis-{(2-benzotrifluoride)-[(2-oxo-3H-naphth-3-ylidene)]-methyl]-aminato} Copper(II) (I) andbis-{(3-benzotrifluoride)-[(2-oxo-3H-naphth-3-ylidene)-methyl]-aminato} Copper(II) (II) were determined. CompoundI crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system (a=12.561(3),b=16.211(4),c=8.007(2) Å, α=96.29(2), β=101.42(2), γ=97.10(2)°, space group $$P_{\bar 1}$$ ,Z=2); compoundII crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system (a=5.064(2),b=19.172(4),c=15.111(3) Å, β=95.05(2)°, space group P21/c,Z=2). The X-ray diffraction study shows that the geometry around the metal atom is square planar for both copper complexes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00812241
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Three-Dimensional Analysis of CD6 Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Monoclonal Antibody Binding Studies Using the X-ray Structure of Mac-2 Binding Protein and a Molecular Model of the CD6 Ligand Binding Domain (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular modeling 5 (1999), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-5023
    Schlagwort(e): Binding site ; Critical residues ; Crystal structure ; Model building ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Mutagenesis ; Receptor-ligand interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The extracellular region of CD6 consists of three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains and binds activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Residues important for the CD6-ALCAM interaction have previously been identified by mutagenesis. A total of 22 CD6 residues were classified according to their importance for anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and/or ALCAM binding. The three-dimensional structure of the SRCR domain of Mac-2 binding protein has recently been determined, providing a structural prototype for the SRCR protein superfamily. This has made a thorough three-dimensional analysis of CD6 mutagenesis and mAb binding experiments possible. Mutation of buried residues compromised both mAb and ALCAM binding, consistent with the presence of structural perturbations. However, several residues whose mutation affected both mAb and ALCAM binding or, alternatively, only ligand binding were found to map to the surface in the same region of the domain. This suggests that the CD6 ligand binding site and epitopes of tested mAbs overlap and provides an explanation for the finding that these mAbs effectively block ALCAM binding. An approximate molecular model of CD6 was used to delineate the ALCAM binding site.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0089490050263
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Decrease of cytochrome c oxidase protein in heart mitochondria of copper-deficient rats (1998)
    Springer
    BioMetals 11 (1998), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Schlagwort(e): copper deficiency ; Cytochrome c oxidase ; heart ; mitochondria ; rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Copper deficiency has been reported to be associated withdecreased cytochrome c oxidase activity, whichin turn may be responsible for theobserved mitochondrial impairment and cardiac failure. We isolatedmito-chondriafrom hearts of copper-deficient rats: cytochrome c oxidase activity was found to be lowerthan incopper-adequate mitochondria. The residual activity paralleled coppercontent of mitochondria and also corresponded with the heme amount associated with cytochromeaa3. In fact, lower absorption in thea-band region of cytochrome aa3 was foundfor copper-deficient rat heart mitochondria. Gel electrophoresisof protein extractedfrom mitochondrial membranes allowed measurements of protein content of thecomplexes ofoxidative phosphorylation, revealing a lower content of complex IV protein incopper-deficientrat heart mitochondria. The alterations caused by copper deficiency appear to bespecific forcytochrome c oxidase. Changes were not observed for F 0 F 1 ATP synthase activity,for heme contents ofcytochrome c and b, and for protein contents of complexes I, III and V.The present study demonstrates that the alteration of cytochrome c oxidase activityobserved in copper deficiency is due to a diminishedcontent of assembled protein and that shortnessof copper impairs heme insertion into cytochrome c oxidase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009274131473
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parametrically induced light diffraction in crystals with second-order susceptibility (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 421-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The theoretical description of parametric cascaded processes produced by intersecting beams in crystals with second-order susceptibility is presented. A common system of equations in the Slowly Varying Amplitude (SVA) approximation is used to treat the phenomenon. This approach provides a description of overall self-diffraction processes and the equations are well suited for numerical simulations. A relation between phase-matching conditions for parametric cascading processes and diffraction efficiency is found. Pump depletion influence is analysed. The results of numerical simulations are in good agreement with experimental data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081321
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Odd and even two-dimensional dark spatial solitons (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The formation of two-Dimensional (2D) odd dark spatial solutions is analyzed numerically at an initial helical dark-beam phase distribution. Experimental results are presented for the first time confirming the existence of two-dimensional optical even dark solitons (ring dark solitons). Several aspects of the evolution of input 1D and 2D odd/even dark beams are compared qualitatively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090982
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generation of 6.8–7.7 µm radiation in lithium iodate (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 489-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 63.20 ; 78.30
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Generation of infrared radiation in ts-infrared transmission window (6.8–7.7 µm) is reported for the first time by non-collinear difference-frequency mixing of the Nd: YAG second harmonic and the same-pumped dye (Rh-610) laser radiation in a lithium-iodate crystal. The spectrum of polythene sheets was run with the generated radiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081278
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of three-wave-phase development on the stimulated Raman scatttering in an electron plasma (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 309-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 52.40 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of the development of the three-wave phase on the amplitude of the pumping laser light, the scattered light, and the electron plasma wave are studied. Analytical solutions are obtained to describe a pumping laser light decreasing with time and the development of the electron plasma wave and scattered wave from an initial increasing state to saturation and finally to a decaying state which is closely related to the three-wave phase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080961
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Birth and evolution of wave-front dislocations in a laser beam passed through a photorefractive LiNbO3: Fe crystal (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report on an experimental and numerical investigation of the process of spontaneous optical vortices nucleation in a wave front of a laser beam passed through a photorefractive LiNbO3 : Fe crystal with self-induced nonlinear lens. The complex lens structure produces mainly defocusing of the beam passing through the crystal due to a negative variation of the refractive index, whereas side parts of the lens have a positive sign of refractive-index variation and partially focus the beam. The resulting wave-front distortions lead to a phase bifurcation occurring at a certain distance after the crystal when the amplitude of the light wave becomes zero. We study in detail the process of edge dislocation nucleation and its decay in the near field producing a pair of unity-charged opposite-sign screw dislocations. After birth, they spread along dislocation axes as stable objects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081045
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Excited-state absorption and third-order optical nonlinearities in symmetric π-electron organic molecules (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 31.20.Nt ; 42.65 ; 42.70
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Excited-State Absorption (ESA), Two-Photon Absorption (TPA) and the third-order polarizability γ(ω;ω,ω, − ω) have been investigated for a model dichloride derivative of a symmetrically substituted benzylidene analine (SBAC), using a multielectron configuration-interaction procedure. The calculations indicate that SBAC exhibits ESA across the visible region of the spectrum, but that it is not as extensive as for molecules such as the phthalocyanines. The magnitude of the third-order polarizability is dominated by resonance enhancement from a very strongA g →B u one-photon absorption. The calculated off-resonance value for γ(ω;ω,ω, − ω) suggests that SBAC is a potential candidate for ultrafast switching applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01112837
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generation of high-order rotational lines by four-wave Raman mixing using a high-power picosecond Ti:Sapphire laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 51.70
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract More than thirty rotational lines equally spaced by 587 cm−1 are generated simultaneously in the vicinity of the fundamental line by four-wave Raman mixing using a high-power picosecond Ti:Sapphire laser as a pump source and hydrogen as a Raman medium. Since the wavelength of this multifrequency laser emission extends from the near-infrared to the near-ultraviolet, it can be utilized as a tunable light source for picosecond spectroscopy. Because of the wide spectral bandwidth available, this procedure has great potential for the generation of ultrashort laser pulses by mode-locking these emission lines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01095260
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photorefraction in the ultraviolet: Materials and effects (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 351-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.25.Bs ; 42.65 ; 78.20
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Doped as well as nominally pure crystals of Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3), ι-Arginine Phosphate (LAP), Lithium Iodate (LiIO3), Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP), Lithium Formate (LFM), Beta-Barium Borate (BBO), and lithium tetra borate were grown and investigated for photorefractive effects at ultraviolet wavelengths down to 333 nm. In nominally undoped LiNbO3 crystals strong beam coupling effects were observed. In contrast to the visible we revealed a diffusion-dominated charge transport mechanism based on holes, and a low photovoltaic field in the order of 550 V/cm. With such a crystal we investigated the modulation transfer function of a lensless image projection system based on a phase conjugation scheme. A spatial frequency response beyond 2800 line pairs per millimeter was observed. Photorefractive beam coupling was also obtained in LiIO3. Light-induced scattering was detected in iron-doped LiIO3 whereas as-grown LAP material did not exhibit any observable photorefractive effects. However, 100 kV X-ray irradiation seems to induce material defects which can lead to weak light-induced scattering at 351 nm. In all other above-mentioned materials, doped as well as undoped, light-induced scattering could not be observed. On the other hand, this is appreciated in all the applications where the crystals are used as nonlinear material for optical frequency conversion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081535
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous-wave mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole burning (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We systematically investigate the difference between both actively and passively mode-locked lasers with Gain-at-the-End (GE) and Gain-in-the-Middle (GM) at the example of Nd:YLF lasers. The GE laser generates pulse widths approximately three times shorter than a comparable GM cavity. This is due to enhanced Spatial Hole Burning (SHB) which effectively flattens the saturated gain and allows for a larger lasing bandwidth compared to a GM cavity. We first investigate enhanced SHB by measuring the cw mode spectrum, where we have observed that the mode spacing in GE cavities depends primarily on the crystal length. This was also confirmed for a Nd:LSB crystal, where the pump absorption length was significantly shorter than the crystal length. In mode-locked operation, pulse widths of 4 ps for passive mode locking and 5 ps for active mode locking are demonstrated with GE cavities, compared to 11 ps for passive and 17 ps for active mode locking with GM cavities. Additionally, the time-bandwidth product for the GE cavity is approximately twice the ideal product for a sech2 pulse shape and cannot be improved by dispersion compensation alone, while the GM cavity has nearly ideal time-bandwidth-limited performance. The results for the GM cavity compare well to existing theories taking into account the added effect of pump-power-dependent gain bandwidth which increases the bandwidth of Nd: YLF from 360 to 〉 500 GHz. In a following paper [1] (called Part II) a rigorous theoretical treatment of the effects due to SHB will be presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081271
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shot-by-shot frequency calibration of CARS spectra: Application to the measurement of the collisional line shift in oxygen (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 521-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.60 ; 42.65 ; 33.70
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A technique using a Fabry-Perot interferometer has been developed to calibrate high-resolution spectra obtained by Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS). This technique was used to measure simultaneously the Raman frequency and the Raman signal at each laser shot. We demonstrate the accuracy of the method by measuring theQ(15) line shifts of molecular oxygen due to collisions with oxygen and water vapour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081054
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two-photon excitation of atomic oxygen using a Raman-shifted ArF-excimer laser (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32.00 ; 42.65 ; 82.50
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A novel method for exciting the two-photon 2p 3 3p 3 P ←2p 4 3 P atomic oxygen transition is reported. The transition energy is provided by the combined photon energies of the second and third Stokes orders of a deuterium-filled Raman shifter pumped by an ArF-excimer laser. The ArF-excimer-pumped Raman shifter performance is characterized and the approach is demonstrated in an atomic oxygen population created by molecular oxygen absorption and predissociation in room air.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082074
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    SBS mirrors for XeCl lasers with a broad spectrum (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 42.60. Da
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold of focused broad-band XeCl laser radiation depends on the ratio of the coherence length to the Rayleigh range, which is affected by the transverse beam quality. With reduction of the focal length, the threshold decreases first and then reaches a nearly constant value. In addition, the energy reflectivity is increased. On the other hand, pulse shortening occurs and the phase conjugation fidelity is decreased. Separation of single lines from the structured XeCl laser spectrum improves the SBS efficiency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090975
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Three-photon absorption and its limitation of third-order nonlinear optical effects in rutile (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 42.65 ; 78.20
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Three-photon absorption and three-photon-induced excited-state absorption of rutile are studied by transmission measurements using picosecond pulses of a mode-locked Nd: glass laser. The nonlinear absorption limits efficient stimulated Raman scattering. It reduces the efficiency of two-photon absorption of a picosecond probe continuum. Three-photon absorption coefficients, excited-state absorption cross sections, a Raman gain factor, and two-photon absorption cross-section spectra are determined. The arrangementsE⊥c andE ∥c are considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090933
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of the KNSBN: Cu crystal with two-wave coupling at visible and infrared wavelengths (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.70.Gz ; 42.30.Va ; 42.40.Kw ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We have optically characterized the newly-developed photorefractive crystal KNSBN: Cu by two-wave coupling at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The effective electrooptic coefficientsξ(k g)r 13 andξ(k g)r 33, the effective charge carrier densityN eff, the dark conductivityσ d, the product of mobility and electron-trap recombination timeμτ R, the formation and decay rate of index grating and the absorption coefficientα of the crystal were determined from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Their wavelength dependences were also studied. It is interesting to notice that the KNSBN: Cu crystal has a very largeN eff and large gain coefficientΓ for ordinary ray (o-ray) in the visible region, and the photorefractive properties of the crystal are very different in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090945
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of a dual-wavelength dye-laser system for the UV and its application to simultaneous multi-element detection (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 82.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, the design and performance characteristics of a pulsed tunable dye laser system for the simultaneous generation of two UV wavelengths are presented. The system is composed of an oscillator and an amplifier stage, pumped by the second harmonic of a commercial Nd:YAG laser. Dual-wavelength operation is achieved with one additional tuning mirror introduced to the prism expanded grazing incidence oscillator. The two obtained wavelengths are independently tunable, their separation is only limited by the gain profile of the dye. Both wavelengths are frequency doubled by Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) in two KDP or BBO crystals. Performance characteristics such as bandwidth, efficiency, tuning range and wavelength separation are reported. As application two such systems are used for the simultaneous detection of the four elements cadmium, nickel, manganese and lead by Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry in a graphite furnace (ETA-LEAFS).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081533
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermometry of an oxy-acetylene flame using multiplex degenerate four-wave mixing of C2 (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 33.20
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Thermometry of an oxy-acetylene flame using multiplex Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM) of C2 is demonstrated. More than 100 rotational transitions in thed 3 Π g ←a 3 Π u (0,0) Swan band of C2 could be recorded simultaneously by use of a pulsed, broad bandwidth “modeless” laser. Temperatures were inferred by fitting temperature-dependent synthetic spectra of single- or multiple-shot averaged spectra. The strength and reliability of recorded signals together with the large number of rotational lines observed suggest that multiplex DFWM is a promising technique for minor species detection and for temporally resolved temperature measurements in luminous environments. Factors influencing the accuracy and precision of single-shot thermometry using the technique are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081245
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optical restoration of photorefractive holograms (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.30 ; 42.40 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We consider the possibility of restoration and/or enhancement of decaying holograms in photorefractive media by using a simple optical readout in conjunction with a phase conjugator. The results indicate that extremely weak holograms can be enhanced provided that the two-beam coupling is sufficiently strong. Steady-state photorefractive holograms can be maintained continuously without decay by using a self-enhanced readout scheme. The results also provide an explanation for the formation of mutually pumped phase conjugation in terms of the amplification of an initial noise grating. The results are presented and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081282
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Design of a compact blue-green stimulated hydrogen Raman shifter (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 78.30 ; 78.32 ; 42.70 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A design of a compact blue-green stimulated Raman shifter pumped by the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser is presented. Design parameters given here are based on our experimental investigation of various optimization techniques involving parametric studies. Blue-green energy conversion of up to 66% is achieved. The problem of optical breakdown is addressed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081047
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature measurements in CO2-laser-induced pyrolysis flames for SiC and ternary SiC/C/B powder synthesis by means of CARS (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 609-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 36.40 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The hot luminescent reaction zones of CO2-laser-induced pyrolysis flames using SiH4/C2H2 gas mixtures with different silane to acetylene ratios and with and without diborane additives were investigated by means of H2 Q-branch CARS spectroscopy, leading to spatial temperature profiles in gas flow direction. In the case of B2H6 additive to the stoichiometric SiH4/C2H2 mixture a high temperature plateau (≈ 800–1000 K) of the reactant gas volume develops already several millimetres before reaching the CO2-laser focus line. This precursor preheating zone could be explained by the catalytic effect of boron atoms or boron-containing intermediate species in the flame. A similar behaviour for acetylene-rich flames operating at half laser power was not observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081699
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parallel guiding of signal beams by a ring dark soliton (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Guiding of multiple signal beams in an induced all-optical cable is studied theoretically. A balance relation is derived for the interaction geometry and undistorted propagation of bright elliptical signal beams nested in a single ring dark soliton. The numerical analyses show a remarkable misalignment stability of the parallel guiding scheme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01095265
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Grating feedback in a 810 nm broad-area diode laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60B ; 42.60D ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Narrow linewidth, single spectral mode operation has been obtained in a high power, 810 nm broad-area diode laser in an extended cavity configuration with a grating as external reflector (grating feedback). For stable operation it was necessary to misalign the feedback slightly in the plane of the laser junction. Characteristics of the thus obtained laser system are a linewidth below 5 MHz, an output intensity of about 50% of the free running power, a large-scale tuning range of 15 nm and continuous scanning over 4 GHz. In the spatial domain, the laser remains multimode and astigmatic. To show the practical applicability of this system, saturated absorption of a krypton line is demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01095259
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of mid-infrared and far-infrared emission, generated at NH3 excitation by intense radiation of a TEA CO2 laser, on ammonia absorption (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33.00 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of Mid-InfraRed (MIR) (λ ≅ 12 μm) and Far-InfraRed (FIR) (λ ≽ 100 μm) emission from excited ammonia on the absorption of intense radiation of a TEA CO2 laser has been studied experimentally under collisional and collisionless excitation conditions with ammonia pressures from 0.5 to 0.03 Torr. The energy of MIR and FIR emission was studied as a function of NH3 pressure and laser energy fluence. Particular emphasis was given to the kinetics of MIR and FIR emission generation at different NH3 pressures and to the measurement of the time delay of re-emitted pulses relative to the exciting CO2 laser pulse. It has been found that the re-emission in the MIR range is highly collisional in nature. The intensity of MIR emission drops sharply (asp 3) with decreasing NH3 pressure and its delay time relative to the exciting laser pulse increases. At the same time, re-emission in the FIR range (in the case of resonant excitation of NH3 at the 9R (30) line of CO2 laser) is observed during an exciting pulse up top 〈 0.03 Torr. When binding the rotational sub-levels of a molecule with transitions, FIR emission acts as rotational relaxation and thus leads to an increase in NH3 IR absorption even at collisionless excitation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01828738
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A continuously tunable long-wavelength cw IR source for high-resolution spectroscopy and trace-gas detection (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 7.65 ; 33.00 ; 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new widely tunable source in the infrared for use in high-resolution spectroscopy and trace-gas detection is described. This spectroscopic source is based on Difference Frequency Generation (DFG) in gallium selenide (GaSe) and is continuously tunable in the 8.8–15.0 μm wavelength region. Such a DFG source operates at room temperature which makes it a useful alternative to a lead-salt diode-laser- based detection system that requires cryogenic temperatures and numerous individual diode lasers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01828938
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    H2 CARS thermometry in a fuel-rich, premixed, laminar CH4/air flame in the pressure range between 5 and 40 bar (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33.20 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract To establish H2 CARS thermometry at high pressure, accumulated H2 Q-branch CARS spectra were recorded in the exhaust of a fuel-rich CH4/air flame at pressures between 5 and 40 bar. Temperatures were deduced by fitting theoretical spectra to experimental data points. The Energy-Corrected Sudden (ECS) scaling law was employed to set up an empirical model for the calculation of H2 linewidths in high-pressure hydrocarbon flames with H2 as a minority species. Experimental H2 CARS spectra could be simulated very accurately with this model. The evaluated temperatures agreed well with reference temperatures obtained by spontaneous rotational Raman scattering of N2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090971
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