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  • Spektralphotometrie  (225)
  • man  (90)
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Seismology
  • Springer  (330)
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1975-1979  (232)
  • 1970-1974  (91)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Biomass conversion ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Engineering ; Chemistry industry ; Industrial Chemistry ; Kent ; Riegel ; biochemical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 1562 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387278438
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    In:  Norwell, Springer, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-540-26532-5, XVI + 208 p. 72 illus.)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: FractureT ; Seismology ; Geoelectrics ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; Geothermics ; Non-linear effects ; Dynamic ; Earth ; system ; geophysics ; Inhomogeneity ; scaling
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  • 3
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    In:  Professional Paper, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Dordrecht, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 145-168, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: paleo ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; DSTF ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 4
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    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, London, Springer, vol. 201, no. XVI:, pp. 169-184, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Finite Element Method ; Modelling ; Three dimensional ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 5
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    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Dordrecht, Springer, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 47-65, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 6
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    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Arnsberg-Neheim, Springer, vol. 10, no. 87-17, pp. 69-94, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; hot ; spots ; GeodesyY ; Tomography ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania
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  • 7
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    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 1-12, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 8
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    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1979), S. 1045-1049 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Surface waves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Alsop's method (1966) for the non-normal passage of surface waves through a vertical discontinuity is improved by using a new functional to be made stationary on the plane of discontinuity. The modified functional has the dimension of an energy flux and is characterized by the discontinuous surface wave displacements and stresses on the vertical discontinuity. Model calculations which were carried out for SV-waves and Love waves show that the new version of Alsop's method yields in all respects more consistent results than the old one.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Methode von Alsop (1966) für den Durchgang von schräg einfallenden Oberflächenwellen durch eine vertikale Diskontinuität wird durch Verwendung eines neuen Funktionals, das auf der Diskontinuitätsfläche stationär sein soll, verbessert Das modifizierte Funktional hat die Dimension eines Energieflusses und wird durch diejenige Spannungs- und Verschiebungsdiskontinuität charakterisiert, die durch das Oberflächenwellenfeld auf der Diskontinuitätsfläche erzeugt wird. Modellrechnungen für SV-Wellen und Lovewellen zeigen, daß die neue Version von Alsoos Verfahren in jeder Hinsicht konsistentere Ergebnisse als die bisherige liefert.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyproheptadine ; metergoline ; glucose tolerance ; insulin secretion ; chemical diabetes ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of short-term treatment with either placebo or two serotonin antagonists, cyproheptadine and metergoline, on oral glucose tolerance and insulin secretion have been evaluated in normal subjects and in patients with chemical diabetes. Placebo treatment was not associated with any significant change in the parameters examined. Glucose tolerance in chemical diabetics was significantly improved both after cyproheptadine and metergoline; fasting plasma glucose was also reduced by metergoline. Treatment with the latter drug was also associated with a significant decrease in incremental glucose area in healthy subjects, which was not affected by cyproheptadine. Basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were not affected by either drug in any subjects. Cyproheptadine and metergoline improve glucose metabolism in chemical diabetes probably by reducing insulin resistance. This may depend either on decreased secretion of counter-regulatory hormones or on a direct pharmacological action of the drugs on glucose utilization, possibly mediated by their common antiserotoninergic properties.
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  • 10
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 187-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: quinidine ; plasma protein binding ; pharmacokinetics ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition and plasma protein binding of quinidine after intravenous administration were studied in 13 healthy subjects. Plasma protein binding, expressed as the fraction of quinidine unbound ranged from 0.134–0.303 (mean 0.221). Elimination rate constant (β) varied from 0.071 to 0.146 h−1 (mean 0.113), and apparent volume of distribution (Vβ) varied from 1.39–3.20 l · kg−1β (mean 2.27). Total body clearance was 2.32–6.49 ml min−1 · kg−1. There was a positive linear correlation between the plasma fraction of unbound quinidine and both Vβ (r=0.885, p〈0.01) and total body clearance (r=0.668, p〈0.05). No significant correlation existed between the fraction of unbound quinidine in plasma and the elimination rate constant. The results show that both the apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance of quinidine are proportional to the unbound fraction in plasma. This implies that the total plasma concentration of quinidine at steady state will change with alterations in plasma binding, whilst the concentration of unbound compund and its elimination rate will remain unaffected.
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  • 11
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 73-81 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: simulation model ; diazoxide hypotension ; haemodynamics ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acute haemodynamic effects of injected diazoxide (Hyperstat® Schering) have been studied in 8 hypertensive subjects. Aortic blood pressure was measured and cardiac output and peripheral conductance were assessed continuously using a simulation model. In six of the patients pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure was also measured. Blood pressure fell in all subjects 5–10 min after injection of the drug cardiac output increased in all patients studied. However, the initial change in cardiac output differed, as it decreased in two subjects and did not change in one. The largest initial increases in cardiac output were seen in the subjects with the highest pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure. Patients with an initial decrease in cardiac output were those with the least compliant (stiffest) aortas. We consider that the responsiveness of the baroreceptors determines the size of the increase in cardiac output immediately after reduction of blood pressure by diazoxide. Thus in a patient with a stiff aorta, particularly at low cardiac filling pressure, diazoxide might cause a fall in blood pressure to an unacceptable level.
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  • 12
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 367-372 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Lanthaniden, Europium, Dysprosium, Erbium, Samarium in Uran ; Spektralphotometrie ; Atomabsorption ; Graphitofen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Studies were conducted on the assay of Sm, Eu, Dy and Er separated from uranium using aqueous standards by electrothermal AAS with Massmann type graphite furnace. The working curves were found to be linear in the ranges Sm (1–10 μg/ml), Eu (0.05–0.6 μg/ml), Dy (0.1–0.8 μg/ml) and Er (0.1–1.0 μg/ml). The values obtained for synthetic samples agreed favourably with those obtained by emission spectrographic method. Experiments using pyrolytic carbon coated tubes with and without pretreatment by La, Ta and Y have shown an enhancement with treatment upto a maximum of 15% and improve the memory effect marginally. The effect of Ta treatment was found to be singularly useful in improving the general behaviour of Sm. The interference effects of lanthanides, other than the analyte, were found to be negligible. However, the presence of uranium was found to affect the absorbance. The absorbance of Eu was found to be nearly independent of uranium after an initial increase. On the other hand, the absorbance of other elements studied was found to drastically decrease after an initial enhancement. Detailed investigations of temperature dependence of absorbance were carried out using Eu, Dy and Er. The differences in the behaviour of these elements is attributed to probable differences in the modes of their atomization.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchungen wurden mit Hilfe des Graphitrohrofens nach Maßmann durchgeführt. In folgenden Bereichen ergaben sich lineare Eichkurven: Sm 1–10 μg/ml, Eu 0,05–0,6 μg/ml, Dy 0,1–0,8 μg/ml, Er 0,1μ-1,0 μg/ml. Die aus synthetischen Proben erhaltenen Ergebnisse stimmten gut mit den durch Emissionsspektrographie erhaltenen überein. Versuche wurden mit Röhren mit pyrolytischen Kohlenstoffüberzug mit und ohne Vorbehandlung durch La, Ta und Y durchgeführt und ergaben eine bis 15%ige Steigerung durch die Behandlung sowie eine mäßige Besserung des Memoryeffektes. Eine Behandlung mit Ta war besonders für Sm vorteilhaft. Störungen durch andere Lanthanide waren vernachlässigbar. Uran beeinflußte jedoch die Absorption. Im Falle von Eu zeigte sich nach anfänglicher Zunahme fast eine Unabhängigkeit, während bei den anderen untersuchten Elementen nach anfänglicher Zunahme eine beträchtliche Abnahme auftrat. Mit Eu, Dy und Er wurde ebenfalls die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Absorption untersucht. Festgestellte Unterschiede im Verhalten werden auf unterschiedliche Atomisierung zurückgeführt.
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  • 13
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 284-284 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Uran(VI) mit Chlorphosphonazo III ; Spektralphotometrie ; Trioctylamin-Extraktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 14
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 285-285 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phosphat in Ferrosilicium ; Spektralphotometrie ; Cer/Xylenolorange, indirekt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 15
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 413-413 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt mit Pyridin und Azid ; Spektralphotometrie ; Aussalzungsmittel, Mischkomplex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 16
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 270-270 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Cer(IV) ; Spektralphotometrie ; indirekt, Fe(III)-Resacetophenonoximat-Komplex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 17
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 299 (1979), S. 264-266 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kohlenhydraten in Huminsäuren ; Spektralphotometrie ; Anthronmethode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine modifizierte Anthronmethode zur Bestimmung des Kohlenhydratgehaltes in Fraktionen von Huminsäure-Blei(II)-Chelatverbindungen, die mit chemischen und gelchromatographischen Methoden getrennt wurden, wird beschrieben. Um die Störung der Methode durch die Absorption der Huminsäuren, die mit abnehmender Wellenlänge ansteigt, gering zu halten, wird die Extinktion des Anthron-Kohlenhydrat-Reaktionsproduktes bei 620 nm gemessen. Die Huminsäurekonzentration darf 0,1 g/dl nicht überschreiten. Da die molare Extinktion des Anthron-Reaktionsproduktes von der Art des Kohlenhydrates abhängt, wird der Kohlenhydratgehalt auf das Hauptkohlenhydrat des Huminsäurehydrolysats berechnet (d.h. Glucose).
    Notes: Summary A modified anthrone method is described for the determination of carbohydrates in fractions of lead(II)-chelate compounds of humic acids separated with chemical as well as gel-chromatographic methods. To reduce the disturbance of the method by the absorption of humic acids increasing with the decrease of wavelength, the absorbance of the anthronecarbohydrate reaction products is measured at 620 nm and the humic acid concentration is not allowed to exceed 0.1 g/dl. Because the molar absorptivity of the anthrone reaction-products depends on the type of carbohydrate investigated, the content is calculated for the main carbohydrate of the humic-acid hydrolysate (i.e. glucose).
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  • 18
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 366-370 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Quecksilber, Silber mit Formazanen ; Spektralphotometrie ; chelatbildende Ionenaustauscher
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Darstellung substituierter Formazane und ihre chemische Fixierung an Cellulose, amino- und chlormethyliertem Polystyrol wird beschrieben. Die Kapazitäten der Austauscher liegen zwischen 0,05 mÄq/g (Cellulose) und 0,6 mÄq/g (Polystyrol). In neutralem Medium zeigen sie eine besondere Affinität zu Hg(II), Pd(II) und Ag(I), aber keine Affinität zu Cu(II). Weiterhin wurde eine spektrophotometrische Bestimmung von Hg(II) und Ag(I) mit dem wasserlöslichen Formazan (FII)-NO2 ausgearbeitet [Hg(II): ɛ546=23 000 l Mol−1 cm−1, Ag(I): ɛ546 =38 000 l Mol−1 cm−1].
    Notes: Summary The preparation of substituted formazans and their fixation on cellulose, amino- and chloromethylated polystyrene is described. The capacities of the exchangers vary from 0.05 meq/g (cellulose) to 0.6 meq/g (polystyrene). They show in neutral medium greater affinity to Hg(II), Pd(II) and Ag(I), but no affinity to Cu(II). Further, a spectrophotometric determination of Hg(II) and Ag(I) with the watersoluble formazan (FII)-NO2 has been worked out. [Hg(II): ɛ546=23 000 l Mol−1 cm−1, Ag(I): ɛ546=38 000 l Mol−1 cm−1].
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  • 19
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 356-360 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie ; Mechanisierung, Prinzip, Optimierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Prinzip der Automatisierung der photometrischen Analyse mit kontinuierlichem Reagentienfluß und die speziellen Vorteile der Verwendung von Bausteinen der Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie werden ausführlich diskutiert. Die Optimierung folgender Parameter wird besprochen: Verweilzeit (Reaktionszeit), Einspritzmenge, Pumpgeschwindigkeit, Säulenabmessungen, Partikeldurchmesser.
    Notes: Summary The principle of automation of photometric analysis by the continuous flow method and the particular advantages of the use of component parts of liquid chromatography are discussed in detail. The optimization of the following parameters is pointed out: residence (reaction) time, injection volume, pumping rate, column dimensions and particle diameter.
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  • 20
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 47-47 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Vanadium in Stahl ; Spektralphotometrie ; Hydroxyphenyl-p-tolylbenzamidin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 21
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 393-397 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Tensiden in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Aniontenside, Reinigungsstufen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aniontenside werden an Feststoffen der Gewässer wie auch der Kläranlagen adsorbiert und teilweise angereichert. Ihre analytische Bestimmung erfordert eine mehrstufige Vorarbeit. Sie führt über die Extraktion des Probengutes, die Abtrennung der Tenside von Störstoffen durch Ausblasen (grobe Vorreinigung) und die chromatographische Reinigung der Rohfraktion auf Kieselgelschichten. Die Konzentration der reinen Tensidfraktion kann colorimetrisch oder IR-spektrometrisch bestimmt werden.
    Notes: Summary Anion tensides are adsorbed on solids in surface waters and sewage treatment plants and enriched to some extent. Their analytical determination requires multi-stage preparations, including sampling, separation of the tensides from disturbing material by air stripping (rough preliminary cleaning), and chromatographic cleaning of the raw fraction on silica gel. The concentration of the pure tenside fraction can be determined colorimetrically or by way of IR spectrometry.
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  • 22
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 159-160 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Vanadium(V) mit p-Hydroxybenzaldehyd und Hydroxyamidin ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 23
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 158-158 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Palladium, Ruthenium ; Spektralphotometrie ; Isonitrosodibenzoylmethan
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 24
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 160-160 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Ruthenium(III) mit 3-Hydroxy-3-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-1-phenyltriazen ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 25
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 45-45 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von o-Dichlorbenzol ; Spektralphotometrie ; UV
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  • 26
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 46-46 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von p-Methylaminophenolsulfat, Metol ; Spektralphotometrie
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  • 27
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 406-407 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Ligninsulfonsäure, Huminsäure in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; UV
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  • 28
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 383-385 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Bor in Silicaten ; Spektralphotometrie ; Pyrohydrolyse, Carminsäure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This simple method for the determination of boron takes a total time of 20 min. Samples are mixed with CaF2 suprapur in the ratio 3∶1 and pyrohydrolized in a Leco induction furnace for 15 min under steam of H2O. The BF3 liberated is collected in a NaOH-Na2CO3 solution (10 g NaOH +1 g Na2CO3 per liter). This solution is filled up to 200 ml with twice distilled water; 2 ml of this solution is mixed with conc. sulphuric acid and carminic acid solution and filled up to 50 ml. The absorption is measured by a Zeiss Elko II photometer with filter S 59. Analyses of four internations reference samples show excellent precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 5% (e.g. for a boron content of 2.1 ppm in granite G-2).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Borbestimmung mit dieser schnellen und einfachen Methode benötigt ca. 20 min. Die Proben werden mit CaF2 Suprapur im Verhältnis 3∶1 vermischt und in einem Leco-Induktionsofen 15 min unter Einleitung von Wasserdampf pyrohydrolysiert. Das entstandene BF3 wird in einer NaOH-Na2CO3-Lösung(10 g NaOH+1 gNa2CO3pro Liter) aufgefangen. Diese Lösung wird mit zweifach destilliertem Wasser auf 200 ml aufgefüllt; 2 ml dieser Lösung werden mit konz. Schwefelsäure und Carminsäure-Lösung versetzt und auf 50 ml aufgefüllt, bevor ihre Absorption mit einem Zeiss — Elko II — Photometer mit Filter S 59 gemessen wird. Analysen von 4 internationalen Referenzproben zeigen eine hohe Präzision mit einer relativen Standardabweichung von weniger als 5% (z. B. für einen Gehalt von 2,1 ppm Bor im Granit G-2 des USGS).
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  • 29
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 407-408 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von N-p-Tolylbenzohydroxamsäure ; Spektralphotometrie
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  • 30
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 414-415 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Quecksilber(II) mit 3-Methyl-5-pyrazolon-4-dithiocarbonsäure ; Spektralphotometrie
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  • 31
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 286-286 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen mit Isothiocyanatodioxotolyldihydrobenzisochinolin ; Spektralphotometrie
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  • 32
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 285-285 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen(III), Chrom(VI) mit Helasolviolett 4R ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Wolfram(VI) mit Thioglykolsäure ; Spektralphotometrie ; Chelatbildung, Carbonsäuren
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung W(VI) bildet mit Thioglykolsäure und Glykolsäure mäßig stabile Fünfringchelate der Zusammensetzung WR2, mit Glycin ein sehr schwaches WR. Chelate mit den Sechsringbildnern 3-Mercaptopropionsäure und o-Mercaptobenzoesäure sind nicht nachweisbar. Das Thioglykolsäurechelat kristallisiert aus Methanol als gelbes Na-Salz WO2(SCH2COONa)2·2CH3OH und ist mit Di-phenylguanidin als Ionenpaar in Butanol extrahierbar. Die photometrische Wolframbestimmung mit Thioglykolsäure in wäßriger Lösung erreicht eine Bestimmungsgrenze von $$\underline c $$ = 0,92 ppm W (P=99,9%;M=2) und eine Standardabweichung vons=0,24 ppm W (f=21).
    Notes: Summary W(VI) forms moderately stable, five-membered ring chelates of the composition WR2 with thioglycolic and glycolic acid, and a very weak WR with glycine. Chelation with the six-ring forming 3-mercaptopropionic acid and o-mercaptobenzoic acid could not be detected. The chelate with thioglycolic acid crystallizes from methanol as the yellow sodium salt WO2(SCH2COONa)2·2CH3OH and can be extracted into butanol as an ion pair with diphenylguanidine. The photometric determination of tungsten with thioglycolic acid has a determination limit of $$\underline c $$ = 0.92 ppm W (P=99.9%;M=2) and a standard deviations=0.24 ppmW (f=21).
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 122-124 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Sulfat in Umweltmaterial ; Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Durchflußsystem
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Sulphate in various environmental samples was determined by measuring the optical absorbance upon reaction with the barium(II) dimethylsulphonazo(III) complex. The measurement took place in a flow-through system. Interferences from phosphate, metal ions and others were eliminated. The results of a turbidimetric measurement, a spectrophotometric measurement with thorin, an automatic titration and the proposed method are compared. The latter allows the determination of sulphate in the range of 1.4–60 μmol·l−1. The standard deviation is 0.3–0.6 μmol·l−1, depending on the type of sample (water) analysed. A determination takes 1.5min.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Sulfat wurde in verschiedenen Umweltproben durch Messung der Extinktion nach Reaktion mit dem Barium(II)-dimethylsulfonazo(III)-komplex im Durchflußsystem bestimmt. Störungen von Phosphat, Metallionen, u.a. wurden beseitigt. Die Ergebnisse einer turbidimetrischen, einer photometrischen, einer automatischen Titration und der vorgeschlagenen Methode werden verglichen. Die Methode ermöglicht die Sulfatbestimmung im Bereich von 1,4–60 μmol·l−1. Die Standardabweichung beträgt 0,3–0,6 μmol· l−1 je nach Typ des Probematerials (Wasser). Eine Bestimmung erfordert 1,5min.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 271-271 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Blei in Wasser, Abwasser, Staub ; Spektralphotometrie ; Dithizon
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 413-413 
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    Keywords: Best. von Platin(IV) mit Chlorpromazin ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 419-419 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie ; Bouguer-Lambert-Beersches Gesetz, neues Konzept
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 160-160 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phenothiazinen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Silicowolframsäure
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 43-44 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Salicylaldehyd ; Spektralphotometrie ; konz. Schwefelsäure
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 46-46 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Osmium mit N-Benzoyl-o-tolylhydroxylamin ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Albumin in Serum ; Spektralphotometrie ; Isothiocyanatodioxo-tolyldihydro-benzisochinolin, Rinderserum
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 299 (1979), S. 128-128 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Ruthenium mit 2-Methyl-1,4-naphtochinon-monoxim ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 412-413 
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    Keywords: Best. von Palladium(II), Ruthenium(III) mit Isonitrosobenzoylacetone ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 384-387 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Uran ; Spektralphotometrie ; Spuren, Extraktion mit Triphenylarsinoxid in Chloroform
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine einfache, vielseitig anwendbare spektralphotometrische Uranbestimmung für U6+-Mengen bis in den ng-Bereich ausgearbeitet, bei der über 60 Kationen und etwa 20 Anionen in weiten Grenzen nicht stören. Das mit Triphenylarsinoxid in CHCl3 aus der zu untersuchenden Lösung extrahierte Uran wird mit oxalsäurehaltiger 5,5 M HClO4 zurückextrahiert und in den Arsenazo III-Komplex überführt. Die mit diesem Schritt verbundene Aufkonzentrierung erlaubt noch bis zu 0,01 μg Uran in 200 ml Ausgangslösung spektralphotometrisch bei 655 nm zu bestimmen. Im günstigsten Arbeitsbereich beträgt die relative Standardabweichung ±1%. 4 Probelösungen können in 1 h analysiert werden.
    Notes: Summary A simple and versatile spectrophotometric method for the determination of uranium down to the μg range was worked out. About 60 cations and 20 anions were found not to cause interferences in a wide concentration range. U6+ is extracted with triphenylarsine oxide in chloroform, back-extracted with 5.5 M perchloric acid containing oxalic acid and converted to the arsenazo III-complex. The concentration step involved allows the spectrophotometric determination of 0.01 μg of uranium in 200 ml of original solution at 655 nm. A standard deviation of ±1 % can be achieved and it is possible to analyse about 4 solutions per hour.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 156-157 
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    Keywords: Best. von Sulfat in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Ionenaustausch, Dimethylsulfonazo(III)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 150-154 
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    Keywords: Best. von Kupfer mit Fluoronen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Übersicht über die Fluorone
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fluorone, Verbindungen des 2,3,7-Trihydroxyisoxanthenons-(6), eignen sich als empfindliche Reagentien für die spektralphotometrische Analyse zahlreicher Metallionen im sichtbaren Teil des Spektrums. Neben einigen grundsätzlichen Anmerkungen zur Herstellung, zu den Eigenschaften und Reaktionen der Fluorone mit Metallionen wird die Verwendung des Cyclohexylfluorons (CHF) für die photometrische Bestimmung von Cu(II)-Ion beschrieben; hierbei ergibt sich ein molarer Extinktionskoeffizient von 191000 l/Mol · cm und eine Standardabweichung von ±0,2 ng/ml. Der Anwendungsbereich liegt bei 6–60 ng Cu/ml. Bi, Fe(II/III) und Sb müssen zuvor abgetrennt werden.
    Notes: Summary Fluorones, derivates of 2,3,7-trihydroxyisoxanthenone-(6), are sensitive reagents for the spectrophotometric determination of many metal ions in aqueous solution. Besides some principal remarks on the synthesis, properties and reactions of fluorones, the application of cyclohexylfluorone for the determination of Cu(II) ion is described in detail. This method is applicable in the concentration range 6–60 ng of Cu/ml. The molar absorptivity is 1910001/Mol · cm and the standard deviation is ±0.2 ng/ml. Bi, Fe(II, III) and Sb have to be separated prior to the determination.
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    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 1274-1283 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Surface-wave dispersion ; Higher mode surface waves ; Italy, phase vel. of surface waves
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method is presented for the determination of higher mode dispersion over small distances, using two stations. From an intermediate focus earthquake it has been possible to measure the dispersion of the first and second Rayleigh modes in the period range 25–35 sec and 25–70 sec respectively. Using the almost linear array of Italian long-period stations TRI, BLZ, OLB an estimate of the average errors is also made.
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    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 1299-1306 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Rayleigh wave dispersion ; Phase velocity of Rayleigh waves ; German Dem. Rep., Rayleigh waves
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The phase velocity curve of Rayleigh-waves is determined for a profile crossing the area of GDR from south to north. Two different methods of seismogram processing are used which are discussed in detail. The phase velocities found are checked for compatibility. An inversion of a common phase velocity curve is done by using hedgehog procedure.
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    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 1262-1273 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; African Rift ; P-wave velocity beneath Africa ; Upper mantle structure for Africa
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract AP-wave velocity model for the upper mantle beneath eastern and southern Africa is proposed. The top 250 km of the model is characterized by relatively low velocities similar to those deduced for the upper mantle beneath the western United States of America. At greater depths, the velocities gradually change to normal mantle values.
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    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 198-211 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; theoretical ; Cagniard's technique ; Elastic waves produced by shearing traction
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The displacement produced in a semi-infinite, homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium by the application of shearing traction over a circular portion of the half-space has been evaluated in exact form by Cagniard's Technique (Cagniard, 1962;Gakenheimer andMiklowitz, 1969).
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Activated charcoal ; acute intoxication ; digoxin ; phenytoin ; aspirin ; man
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The inhibitory effect of activated charcoal 50 g suspended in water on the absorption of digoxin, phenytoin and aspirin was studied in six healthy volunteers in a cross-over manner. The absorption of digoxin and phenytoin were almost completely prevented (about 98%) when activated charcoal was ingested immediately after the drug. The total absorption of aspirin was inhibited by 70%, with clear postponement of absorption and partial release of aspirin from the charcoal in the gut: The peak serum concentration of aspirin was reduced by 95% by charcoal. When activated charcoal was ingested 1 hour after the drugs the inhibition of absorption was considerably less. However, since the absorption of larger doses of the drugs is often slow, the administration of an adequate dose of activated charcoal will be of definite value in the treatment of acute intoxication, even if delayed for several hours.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 129-131 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tetracycline absorption ; EDTA ; milk ; man
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption of tetracycline in man under the influence of concomitantly administered EDTA, milk and a combination of EDTA and milk has been investigated. Urinary excretion of the drug was measured for 30 h. The inhibitory effect of milk could be counteracted by simultaneous ingestion of EDTA, which resulted in almost equivalent urinary excretion of tetracycline compared to experiments done in the fasting state. Administration of EDTA alone, in a neutral dosage form, did not significantly change absorption of the drug, which contradicted previous findings. The possible use of EDTA during tetracycline therapy is discussed.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 277-280 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Doxycycline ; iron ; charcoal ; enteral cycling ; man ; pharmacokinetics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to study the intestinal interactions of doxycycline (DC) with Fe++ and charcoal, two groups of healthy volunteers were given either 200 mg or 100 mg DC in capsules at 2 p. m. and 9 p. m., and blood samples for fluorimetric assay of DC were collected for 24 h starting at 8.30 a. m. on the following morning. A 24-h-urine was also collected. The test was subsequently repeated at one-week intervals, when the volunteers also ingested either ferrous sulphate (80 mg Fe++) or charcoal (4.0 g) immediately after the zero-time sample of DC and at 3, 8 and 12 h. Charcoal completely adsorbed DC in vitro in an artificial small intestinal fluid. Ferrous sulphate or charcoal did not modify the serum level or urinary excretion of DC after the 200 mg+200 mg dose, but ferrous sulphate did reduce the 24-h urinary excretion of DC after the 100 mg+100 mg dose. The serum half-life and AUC of DC were reduced by ferrous sulphate given after the 100 mg+100 mg dose of DC. Charcoal did not modify any parameter, even after the 100 mg+100 mg dose of DC. The results do not support existence of important enteral cycling of DC. Although oral ferrous sulphate can lower the serum level and shorten the serum half-life of DC, the acute experiment suggested that a therapeutic serum level of DC can be maintained despite treatment with iron in the doses used in iron-deficiency, and charcoal in the doses used in diarrhoeic states, if the drugs are administered several hours apart.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 69-73 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Citalopram ; pharmacokinetics ; man ; steady state levels ; metabolism
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentrations of citalopram, a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and its demethylated metabolite have been determined by a specific fluorescence coupling technique during single dose experiments in volunteers and in clinical tests. Citalopram was found to have linear kinetics within the dose range investigated, which were characterized by fairly rapid absorption and slow elimination (biological half-life 1–21/2 days). Steady state levels in the range 120–340 nM (i.e. slightly above those associated with pharmacodynamic activity in animals) were attained within a week. A drug/metabolite ratio of 2–3 was recorded.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 425-430 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Penta-acetyl-gitoxin ; 16-acetyl-gitoxin ; gitoxin ; mass spectrometry ; species-specific deacylation ; man ; rabbit ; guinea-pig ; rat ; blood ; intestinal mucosa ; liver homogenate
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Penta-acetyl-gitoxin (PAG) shows species-specific deacylation to 16-acetyl-gitoxin (16-AG; I and III) or gitoxin (II and IV) by homogenates of liver and intestinal mucosa of man (I), rabbit (II), guinea-pig (III) and rat (IV), whereas it is degraded into tri- and tetra-acetates by homogenates of guinea-pig myocardium as well as by human blood and serum. The identity of the principal and chloroform-extractable metabolites in human urine after PAG administration with 16-AG has been demonstrated by mass spectrometry.
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: H 80/62 ; haemodynamic effects ; noninvasive techniques ; selectivity ; β1-adrenoceptor agonist ; man
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The selective β1-adrenoceptor agonist H 80/62 was administered intravenously and orally to healthy subjects and its effects on systolic time intervals, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were studied. Side-effects were noted too, and continuous ECG-recordings were made in order to study its arrhythmogenic effect. After i.v. administration of H 80/62 20 µg/kg body weight there was shortening of total electromechanical systole, the pre-ejection period and of the left ventricular ejection time, systolic blood pressure tended to increase, and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were essentially unchanged. When administered orally as a sustained-release preparation in doses between 20 and 40 mg the haemodynamic effects were qualitatively the same as after i.v. administration, but in some studies there was a slight increase in heart rate. During exercise the systolic blood pressure and heart rate were identical after H 80/62 and placebo. The effect of the drug was maximal immediately after cessation of the i.v. infusion and basal values were regained within 60 min. After oral administration of a sustained-release formulation the effect was maximal after one hour and persisted for at least five to seven hours. The drug was well tolerated on repeated administration. The incidence of ventricular extrasystoles was possibly increased in one subject out of eight (11 ventricular extrasystoles during 18 h). The results of this Phase I study of H 80/62 warrant further evaluation of the drug in man.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 445-447 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Activated charcoal ; tricyclic antidepressants ; nortriptyline ; poisoning ; antidote ; man
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Activated charcoal is known to reduce the absorption of therapeutic doses of nortriptyline in vivo when administered 30 min after drug ingestion. In a group of volunteers, one sachet (10 g) of a new activated charcoal preparation, ‘Medicoal’ was found to produce a highly significant reduction in nortriptyline absorption when given as long as four hours after nortriptyline dosing. Activated charchoal may therefore be useful in the treatment of tricyclic antide-pressant poisoning even if a delay of several hours ensues before medical help is sought.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Intramuscular Clindamycin Phosphate ; serum levels ; half-lives ; renal Failure ; haemodialysis ; man
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum levels of clindamycin bioactivity and total clindamycin were studied after single intramuscular injections of 300 mg of clindamycin phosphate in a group of 6 normal subjects and a group of 6 maintenance haemodialysis patients. The patients were studied during a non-dialysis period and then again during haemodialysis. Peak levels tended to be higher and elimination half-lives shorter in the patients than in the normal subjects. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. There was no evidence that haemodialysis per se influenced the pharmacokinetics of clindamycin phosphate. The proportion of unhydrolysed clindamycin phosphate tended to be higher in the renal failure patients and the reason for this is not apparent. Little, if any, dosage modification is necessary in severe renal failure although there is probably little point in exceeding a dose of 300 mg intramuscularly every 8 h even in severe infections in patients with severe renal failure. The higher peak levels in patients with advanced renal failure indicate the need for further studies with repeated doses.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Norethindrone ; bioavailability ; man ; competitive protein binding ; sex differences ; pharmacokinetics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A competitive protein binding assay for norethindrone was developed to measure plasma levels in human subjects. The plasma levels were considerably higher in women than in men, especially at low dose levels. The plasma levels were directly related to the dose in men; but greater variations in the plasma levels were observed in women. The plasma half-life was about 5 h in both sexes with single oral doses of 5 to 20 mg. A comparative bioavailability study with norethindrone from 2 different manufacturers, formulated in the same manner, showed no significant differences in absorption characteristics and provided sufficient data for pharmacokinetic analysis.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 416-416 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best von Vitamin D2 ; Spektralphotometrie ; HCl, Tetrachloräthan
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 416-416 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Pikrinsäure ; Spektralphotometrie ; Zink und Ammoniumchlorid
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 43-44 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Uran(VI) mit Arsenazo III ; Spektralphotometrie ; starksaure Lösung
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 46-47 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Thallium(I), Dimethylthalliumverbindungen ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 233-235 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie ; Ableitungen höherer Ordnung, Analogdifferenzierer, Derivativverfahren
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine neu entwickelte Analog-Recheneinheit berichtet, mit der man Ableitungen von Spektren und anderen Meßsignalen erstmalig bis zur 7. Ordnung on-line verwirklichen kann. Wie die Prüfungen ergaben, ist die optimale Auflösung in den meisten Fällen mit der 4. Ableitung erreicht. Dann sind nämlich alle Schultern und Wendepunkte der Kurven in bipolare Signale übergeführt. Eine Aufstellung der wichtigsten bisherigen Anwendungsgebiete wird gegeben.
    Notes: Summary This report deals with a newly developed analogue computing accessory by which derivations of spectra and other electric signals up to the seventh order were realized on-line. A thorough study of this apparatus showed that in most cases fine-resolving is reached by the fourth derivation. In this case, all shoulders and points of inflections are resolved to bipolar signals. A number of examples for applying derivative spectrophotometry of higher order (DSHO-method) is also given.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 400-402 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Bestimmung von Meclozin, Pyridoxin in pharmazeutischen Produkten ; Spektralphotometrie ; Orthogonalfunktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A rapid spectrophotometric method for the analysis of tablets containing the title compounds without preliminary separation is developed. Thus, pyridoxine is determined by measurement at λ max while the six-points quadratic orthogonal polynomial has been used to determine meclozine. The mean percentage recoveries (8 determinations) were found to be 101.71±0.64 and 99.77±0.62% (P=0.05) for meclozine and pyridoxine hydrochlorides, respectively. Neither the Vierordt's nor the absorbance ratio methods gave accurate results as the proposed method. The method was applied successfully to the analysis of market preparations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Verfahren zur schnellen Bestimmung der beiden Verbindungen ohne Vortrennung ausgearbeitet. Pyridoxin wird durch Messung beim Absorptionsmaximum von 292 nm bestimmt, Meclozin wird mit Hilfe eines quadratischen Sechspunkte-Orthogonalpolynoms berechnet. Die Wiederfindungsrate (8 Bestimmungen) lag bei 101,71±0,64 bzw. 99,77±0,62% (P=0,05). Vergleichsbestimmungen nach der Methode von Vierordt und dem Verfahren der Extinktionsverhältnisse gaben weniger genaue Resultate. Die vorgeschlagene Methode wurde mit gutem Erfolg auf handelsübliche Präparate angewendet.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 220-221 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Magnesium ; Spektralphotometrie ; Trimethin-Reagentien aus Aminochalkogenuracilen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bekanntlich werden Trimethinfarbstoffe, als Reagentien für die photometrische Magnesiumbestimmung, durch die Kondensation von Malonaldehyd und Barbitursäure bzw. ihren Derivaten hergestellt. Auf ähnliche Weise erhält man mit 4(6)-Amino(2)-chalkogeno-uracilen und Malonaldehyd die Ammoniumsalze der Trimethinfarbstoffe, die sich ohne weitere Aufarbeitung als Reagentien für die photometrische Bestimmung einsetzen lassen. Die Herstellung der Verbindungen wird beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary It is known that trimethine dyes used for the photometrie determination of magnesium ions can be prepared by the condensation of malonicaldehyde with barbituric acid or its derivatives; In a similar way it is possible to use 4(6)-amino-2-chalcogeno-uracils giving with malonicaldehyde ammonium salts of the trimethine dyes, which are suited for the photometric determination without further manipulations. The preparation is described.
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nickel, Kobalt mit 2-Carboxy-2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-dimethylazobenzol-4-sulfonsäure ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 302-303 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aldehyden, aromat. mit Barbitursäure ; Spektralphotometrie. Best. von Barbitursäure mit p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyd ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 359-361 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Uran in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Arsenazo, Fällg. mit Al-Phosphat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur schnellen und genauen Bestimmung von Uranspuren in natürlichen, auch salzhaltigen Wässern, wird Uran durch Spurenfällung mit Aluminiumphosphat abgetrennt. Durch Auflösen des mit Zinkpulver vermengten Niederschlages erfolgt Reduktion zu U(IV), das mit Arsenazo III bestimmt wird. Der Extinktionskoeffizient beträgt 97000 cm2/Mol.
    Notes: Summary For the precise and accurate determination of uranium in natural, even saline, waters, it is separated by coprecipitation with Al-phosphate. The precipitate is mixed with zinc powder, dissolved and thus reduced to U(IV), which is determined with Arsenazo III. The molar absorptivity is 97000 cm2/mol.
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phosphat neben Silicium, Arsen, Germanium ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion mit Benzophenon, Molybdatmethode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A new type of separation of phosphate ion, along with its spectrophotometric determination, was established by liquid-liquid extraction, where the yellow heteropoly acid formed by the reaction with ammonium molybdate in acid solution is quantitatively extracted into molten benzophenone at a temperature of about 60° C. When cooled down to room temperature, the benzophenone extract converts from the liquid state to the solid state. The resulting solidified extract is dissolved in methyl propionate, and the phosphate ion in the solvent is determined spectrophotometrically by the blue heteropoly acid method. Possible interference by Si, As and Ge is eliminated by the separation procedure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei dem beschriebenen Verfahren wird die mit Ammoniummolybdat in saurer Lösung gebildete gelbe Heteropolysäure bei 60° C in geschmolzenes Benzophenon extrahiert. Dieses wird durch Abkühlen verfestigt, in Methylpropionat gelöst und in dieser Lösung das Phosphat spektralphotometrisch als blaue Heteropolysäure bestimmt. Si, As und Ge, die ebenfalls mit Molybdat reagieren, werden durch die Extraktion abgetrennt.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 115-117 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Palladium(II) mit Formazanen ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die o-Cl-substituierten Formazane-I und -II werden erstmalig dargestellt und ihre Eignung als photometrische Reagentien für Palladium überprüft. Formazan-I reagiert nur im Dioxan-WasserGemisch bei pH 3,5 zu einem grünen 1∶2-Pd-Komplex, während Formazan-II einen wasserlöslichen Komplex bildet, mit maximaler Absorption bei pH 3 (λmax= 633 nm, ɛ623=11.5·1031 Mol−1 cm−1 Das Beersche Gesetz ist im Bereich von 0,02–11 μg Pd/ml erfüllt.
    Notes: Summary The o-Cl substituted formazans I und II where newly synthesized and their application to the spectrophotometric determination of palladium has been evaluated. Formazan I reacts only in dioxanwater medium at pH 3.5 resulting in a green 1∶2 Pd-complex, whereas formazan II forms a water-soluble complex with maximum absorption at pH 3 (λmax= 633 nm, ɛ623=11.5×1031 Mol−1 cm−1). This system obeys Beer's law from 0.02–11 μg Pd/ml.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Carbamaten, N-monosubstitutierte ; Spektralphotometrie ; Fearon-Reaktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung N-Monosubstituierte Carbamate werden mit 1,3-Diaminopropan in Gegenwart geringer Mengen Natriumhydroxid zu einem Harnstoffderivat umgesetzt, das seinerseits mit Hilfe der „Carbamid-Reaktion“ nach Fearon bestimmt wird. Die Erfassungsgrenze liegt für N-Methylcarbamate im Bereich von 20 nmol. Im Falle der N-Methylcarbamate ließ sich das Harnstoff-Zwischenprodukt als N-Methyl-N′-(3-aminopropyl)-harnstoff identifizieren; diese Substanz entsteht bei der Amidierung in nahezu quantitativer Ausbeute.
    Notes: Summary N-Monosubstituted carbamates are converted to urea derivates by reaction with 1,3-diaminopropane in the presence of small amounts of sodium hydroxide. The urea derivatives are determined by Fearon's “carbamide reaction”. The detection limit for N-methylcarbamates is in the range of 20 nmoles. In the case of N-methylcarbamates, N-methyl-N′-(3-aminopropyl)-urea was found to be the intermediate urea derivative, which is formed in nearly quantitative yield.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 299-299 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Titan ; Spektralphotometrie ; Salicylsäure als Reagens
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 282-284 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aromat. Aldehyden mit Diphenylamin ; Spektralphotometrie ; allg. Verfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aromatic aldehydes and some of their binary mixtures can be determined spectrophotometrically with diphenylamine in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Errors are in the range of 6–10%. Various other organic compounds do not interfere.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aromatische Aldehyde und einige ihrer binären Gemische können mit Diphenylamin in salzsaurer Lösung spektralphotometrisch bestimmt werden. Fehler sind im Bereich von 6–10%. Eine große Zahl anderer organischer Verbindungen stört nicht.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 285-285 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Ameisensäurederivaten ; Spektralphotometrie ; Decarbonylierung
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 47-47 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Wolfram ; Spektralphotometrie ; SalicylsÄure als Reagens
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 104-105 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kallikrein in Plasma ; Spektralphotometrie ; chromogenes Peptidsubstrat
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 116-117 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Säure-Base-Gleichgewichten ; Spektralphotometrie ; Mehrwellenlängen
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 117-118 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie ; Spektrometrische Titration ; Molekülstruktur ; Lösung
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 118-119 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Kinetische Analyse ; Spektralphotometrie ; Mehrwellenlängen ; Stopped-flow
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 126-127 
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    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie ; Zentrifugalanalysator, Küvetten längs zum Lichtstrahl
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Proteolytischen Enzymen, Arylamidasen in Liquor ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 174-175 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Lipase in Serum ; Spektralphotometrie ; Zentrifugalanalysator
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 179-180 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von D-Xylose ; Spektralphotometrie ; Xylose-NADP-oxidoreductase
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 286-289 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Fluorid mit Thoriumnitrat ; Spektralphotometrie ; Alizarin S als Indicator, automatisch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für Fluoridgehalte zwischen 1 und 20 mg in 85 ml Lösung wurde die photometrische Titration mit Thoriumnitrat und Alizarin S automatisiert und die Arbeitsbedingungen optimiert. Ausgewählte Matrixeinflüsse werden eingehender untersucht. Dieses Verfahren ist besonders für die Bestimmung von Fluorid aus Peroxid-Aufschlüssen geeignet.
    Notes: Summary The photometric titration of fluoride with thorium nitrate and Alizarin S as indicator has been automated and optimized for fluoride levels between 1 and 20 mg/85 ml solution. The interference of several ions has been investigated. This procedure is particularly useful for the determination of fluoride after fusion with peroxides as fluxing agents.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 411-412 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen, aliphat, primär ; Spektralphotometrie ; o-Phthaldialdehyd und Mercaptoäthanol
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 293-295 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Chlorid in Mineralien, Gesteinen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Pyrohydrolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This simple method for the determination of chloride takes a total time of 15 min. Samples are mixed with silica in the ratio 1∶1, and the chloride is liberated in an induction furnace by pyrohydrolysis within ca. 10 min. The chloride is collected in a 0.020 M sodium-hydroxide solution. This solution is filled up to 200 ml with twice distilled water and absorption is measured with ferric ammonium sulphate and mercury(II) thiocyanate solution by a Zeiss Elko II photometer. Analysis of three international reference samples show excellent accuracy with a standard deviation of less than 4% (e.g. for a chloride content of 117 ppm in Andesite AGV-1).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diese einfache Methode zur Bestimmung des Chloridions benötigt eine Gesamtzeit von 15 min. Die Proben wurden mit Kieselsäure im Verhältnis 1∶1 vermischt und in einem Induktionsofen 10 min lang pyrohydrolysiert. Das entstandene HCl wurde in einer 0,020 M Nariumhydroxidlösung aufgefangen. Diese Lösung wurde mit zweifach dest. Wasser auf 200 ml aufgefüllt, mit Eisenammoniumsulfat- und Quecksilberthiocyanatlösung versetzt und deren Absorption mit einem Zeiss-Elko II-Photometer gemessen. Die Analysen von 3 internationalen Referenzproben zeigen eine hohe Präzision mit einer relativen Standardabweichung von weniger als 4% (z. B. für einen Gehalt von 117 ppm Chlor in Andesit AGV-1).
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 413-413 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Saccharin in Getränken, Limonaden (Fruchtsäften) ; Spektralphotometrie ; Chlorophenothiazin
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    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 667-673 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Hypocenter determination ; Focal coordinate determination ; Near earthquakes location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new computation method is described which determines the focal coordinates, theP n-andP G-velocity, the focal time and the Moho-depth in the case of near earthquakes. The method is provided especially for areas where the crustal parameters are insufficiently known. It presumes that the standard error ofP n-andP G-arrival times is a minimum. The problem turns out to represent the solution of a set of at least seven equations with seven unknown parameters. Four of these unknowns can be separated in advance. This leads to a considerable simplification. The three remaining unknowns are the focal coordinates. Their best fitting values are found by the gradient method. An example is presented which shows how errors can arise if the initial trial coordinate is chosen at an unfavourable position.
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    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 655-666 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Greece ; Plate tectonics ; Focal mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary An attempt has been made to interpret the striking difference, in focal properties, between the intermediate and shallow earthquakes in Central Greece and an observed time sequence of these shocks by a lithospheric model. This model consists of a lithospheric slab descending from the Ionian to the Aegean and a back-arc expanding Aegean lithosphere. Thrust faulting near the top surface of the slab, caused by the sinking of the slab, triggers spreading and normal faulting in the back-arc Aegean region.
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    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 675-692 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; P wave residuals ; Travel-time anomalies ; Earthquake prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mean travel-time residuals of P waves for the period 1964–1970 at stations in North America and Europe are well separated into large domains of positive and negative values. The spatial distribution of residuals in North America is in good agreement with the structure of the upper mantle obtained from Rayleigh wave dispersion and is in accord with magnitude anomalies and heat flow data. A systematic variation of residuals in time is found to be sensitive to major changes in the nature of the earthquake source distribution, as for example aftershocks, as well as to changes in methods of detection of first arrivals. Residuals at neighboring stations are correlated up to distances of the order of 2°. Half year mean residuals at stations within 2° distance from the epicenters of strong earthquakes have a sudden jump 1.5 years before the occurrence of an earthquake. A formal algorithm based on this pattern permits prediction of the times of all 16 earthquakes with magnitudeM≥7.5 occurring during the interval 1966–1972. Although the average duration of the alarm periods is about half the total time interval of the catalog, so that the algorithm has no practical importance, these results are statistically significant on a 99% level of confidence.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenothiazine ; thioridazine ; plasma level ; metabolic pattern ; half life ; man ; schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma-levels of thioridazine, mesoridazine, sulphoridazine and two other metabolites were determined in ten older chronic psychotic patients on thioridazine therapy. The plasma-level before the morning dose of thioridazine was the most reliable parameter for clinical studies. An intra-individual relationship between lower doses of thioridazine and plasma-levels was found. The percentage contribution of psychoactive compounds to the total sum of “thioridazine plus metabolites” ranged from 43–74%. The mean “early disappearance half-life” of thioridazine was 5 hours, and its mean “late disapperance half-life” was 26 hours.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 337-344 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Twin study ; ethanol metabolism ; intra-individual variation ; pharmacogenetics ; plasma level ; man ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of genetic and environmental factors on the metabolism of a single oral dose of ethanol 1.2 ml per kg body weight was analysed in 19 identical and 21 fraternal healthy, adult, un-selected male twin pairs. The heritability values of the rates of absorption, degradation and elimination of ethanol were 0.57, 0.41 and 0.46 respectively. Environmental factors, such as daily alcohol intake and smoking, increased the rate of elimination of blood alcohol. Intrasubject variation in ethanol metabolism was studied by repeated tests in 11 male volunteers at intervals of at least 2 months, under the same conditions as in the twins; the coefficients of variation for parameters of metabolism was about 8%. The results demonstrate both genetic control of ethanol absorption, degradation and elimination and the appreciable influence of environmental factors. The almost total genetic control of ethanol metabolism postulated by Vesell et al. (1971) could not be confirmed.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 359-366 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenylbutazone ; 14C-label ; oxyphenbutazone ; gas chromatography ; disposition ; oxidative metabolism ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption and elimination of orally administered14C-phenylbutazone and the role of oxidation in its metabolism have been studied. The main routes of excretion of14C-phenylbutazone and its metabolites were investigated in 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and in 1 patient with a T-tube in the common bile duct. Up to 9 days after an oral dose of14C-phenylbutazone 600 mg (30 µCi) 63% of the radioactivity was found in the urine and 14% had appeared in the faeces. The cumulative excretion of radioactivity in bile amounted to 9.5% of the dose in 4 days. Only 1% of the radioactivity in the urine and bile was due to unchanged phenylbutazone. The role of oxidative metabolism of phenylbutazone in healthy human subjects was studied by gas chromatography. In 3 subjects given a single dose of phenylbutazone 600 mg, only 8.3% of the dose was excreted in urine as oxidized metabolites after 5 days. However, in 5 patients who had taken phenylbutazone for more than 5 weeks, these metabolites accounted for 23.4% of the dose. These results suggest that oxidative metabolism becomes more important after continued administration of the drug. After a single dose of phenylbutazone, the side-chain oxidized metabolite (II) was the major free derivative excreted in urine, but the ring oxidized metabolite, oxyphenbutazone (I), was much more important than the former in plasma. However, after prolonged treatment there was little difference between the concentration of the two metabolites in plasma. This finding suggests that side-chain oxidation is increased relative to ring oxidation on prolonged treatment with phenylbutazone. A third derivative containing hydroxyl groups both in the phenyl ring and in the side-chain (metabolite III) was found in urine in experiments with phenylbutazone, but in only one out of 3 volunteers given repeated doses of oxyphenbutazone.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fentanyl ; radioimmunoassay ; cross-reaction ; plasma level ; dog ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antiserum to fentanyl was obtained in rabbits repeatedly injected with carboxyfentanyl conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Using the antiserum, a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed, based on the dextran-coated charcoal method. It proved possible to assay the drug directly in plasma, in amounts as small as 30 picogram in 0.5 ml. The antibody was highly specific for fentanyl and no cross-reaction was observed with its major metabolites. This sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay method was employed to determine fentanyl in plasma from six volunteers after an intravenous bolus of 0.2 mg, and in plasma from dogs treated both intravenously and subcutaneously with 0.02 mg/kg. The plasma level of fentanyl could be followed for up to 6 h after a therapeutic dose in dogs and man.
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  • 96
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenothiazine ; thioridazine ; metabolites ; plasma-level ; metabolic pattern ; half-life ; man ; schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of thioridazine and four of its metabolites were determined in a series of fifteen young acute schizophrenics. Consistent individually different metabolic patterns were detected in a group of patients who had the same value for the sum of thioridazine plus metabolites. The apparent volume of distribution and half life were calculated. Clinical evolution tended to correlate best with the level of mesoridazine.
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  • 97
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: β-Methyl-digoxin ; digoxin ; intravenous administration ; man ; serum concentration ; renal clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present investigation was to estimate the ratio of the intravenous doses ofβ-methyl-digoxin and digoxin required to produce identical serum glycoside concentrations in man. 20 patients on intravenous maintenance therapy were changed fromβ-methyl-digoxin to the identical dose of digoxin or vice versa. Each drug was given for 7 days. Serum concentrations 13% higher were found during administration ofβ-methyl-digoxin. Assuming a half life of 60 h after with drawal, the dose of digoxin producing the same minimum serum concentration was estimated to be 1.16 times higher than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin. 18 healthy volunteers received 0.4 mg β-methyldigoxin, and 23 the same dose of digoxin, as an intravenous infusion over 2 h. The serum concentrations and urinary glycoside excretion were measured over a period of 32 hrs. During the first hour after the infusion the serum concentration of digoxin declined more rapidly than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin. Thereafter, the ratio of the serum concentrations did not change appreciably up to the end of the investigation. The area under the serum concentration/time curve was about 13% greater forβ-methyl-digoxin than for digoxin; this difference was not significant. The average renal clearance was 96±9 ml forβ-methyl-digoxin, 151±13 ml for digoxin. Since the total body clearance of digoxin is only about 1.16 times higher than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin, the lower renal clearance ofβ-methyl-digoxin must partly be compensated by higher extrarenal clearance. From the ratios of the areas under the serum concentration/time curves after single doses of β-methyldigoxin and digoxin, and the minimum serum concentrations during maintenance therapy, it was concluded that the dose of digoxin to produce the same average serum concentrations would be about 1.15 times higher than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin. In comparison with the large variations in individual dosage of digoxin andβ-methyl-digoxin, this difference is too small to be of practical importance.
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  • 98
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 81-87 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Oxprenolol ; smoking ; catecholamines ; coronary circulation ; man ; c-AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in catecholamine, c-AMP and lactate concentrations in the coronary circulation of man, during smoking, were studied in 12 patients. The heart rate increased from 63±2 beats/min (control) to 74±3 (smoking) (P〈0.01), falling to 70±2 (10 min after smoking) (0.05〉P〉0.01), whilst coronary sinus c-AMP concentrations rose from 11±0.7 nmol/l (smoking) to 11.9±0.8 nmol/l (after smoing) (0.05〉P〉0.01; one tailed ‘t’ test). There was no significant change in blood pressure, catecholamine or lactate concentrations. The study was repeated in eight of the patients following intravenous oxprenolol. Coronary sinus catecholamine concentrations increased from 4.1±0.7 nmol/l (control) to 5.5±1.1 nmol/l (after smoking) (0.05〉P〉0.01; one tailed ‘t’ test), but heart rate and c-AMP concentrations remained unchanged, confirming that smoking-induced tachycardia is a result of a β-adrenergic mechanism, at least part of which is due to a release of cardiac catecholamines. Arterial lactate concentrations increased only following oxprenolol from 0.74±0.07 mmol/l (control) to 0.83±0.09 mmol/l (smoking).
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  • 99
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 281-284 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tetracycline ; bioavailability ; plasma levels ; nutritional state ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Relative bioavailability after oral administration of a single dose and Cmin levels of tetracycline in plasma after multiple doses were determined in groups of well-nourished and undernourished subjects. The relative bioavailability of tetracycline, assessed by the area under serum concentration time-curves, did not differ in undernourished and well-nourished patients. The plasma levels were not different in the two groups after the conventional dose of tetracycline HCl 250 mg at 6 hour intervals. However, in these studies undernourished subjects received a higher dose per kg body weight, which could have compensated for any effect of a shortened half life of the drug. When the dose per kg body weight was reduced, the Cmin levels were lower. On the other hand, with the same dose per kg body weight at more frequent intervals, the plasma concentrations were similar to those in well-nourished subjects. These studies indicate that the dosage regimen should be based both on body weight and on the nutritional status of the individual.
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  • 100
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1060-1064 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: rheography ; stomach ; animals ; man ; sensitive probe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A practical method of rheography is suggested for studying the state of the human gastric circulation. The theoretical aspects of the use of a bipolar system of electrodes (external and internal) with essentially different sizes of contact surface are examined with respect to the stomach. A scheme and brief description of the simple apparatus are given. Control experiments were carried out on animals to confirm the validity of the basic assumptions. Mean values of some rheographic indices frequently used in clinical practice, based on rheograms of the stomach of 30 healthy subjects, are given.
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