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  • Nature Publishing Group  (67,909)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)  (38,689)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (37,995)
  • 2005-2009  (15,814)
  • 1985-1989  (69,702)
  • 1955-1959  (33,486)
  • 1950-1954  (25,591)
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  • 1
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    Prolonged mantle residence of zircon xenocrysts from the western Eger rift (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (12). pp. 886-890.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-04
    Description: Zircon is a common mineral in continental crustal rocks. As it is not easily altered in processes such as erosion or transport, this mineral is often used in the reconstruction of geological processes such as the formation and evolution of the continents. Zircon can also survive under conditions of the Earth’s mantle, and rare cases of zircons crystallizing in the mantle significantly before their entrainment into magma and eruption to the surface have been reported1,2,3. Here we analyse the isotopic and trace element compositions of large zircons of gem quality from the Eger rift, Bohemian massif, and find that they are derived from the mantle. (U–Th)/He analyses suggest that the zircons as well as their host basalts erupted between 29 and 24 million years ago, but fragments from the same xenocrysts reveal U–Pb ages between 51 and 83 million years. We note a lack of older volcanism and of fragments from the lower crust, which suggests that crustal residence time before eruption is negligible and that most rock fragments found in similar basalts from adjacent volcanic fields equilibrated under mantle conditions. We conclude that a specific chemical environment in this part of the Earth’s upper mantle allowed the zircons to remain intact for about 20–60 million years.
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  • 2
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    Piceamycin and its N-acetylcysteine adduct is produced by Streptomyces sp GB 4-2 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 (9). pp. 513-518.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Piceamycin, a new macrolactam polyketide antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of Streptomyces sp. GB 4-2, which was isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of Norway spruce. The structure of piceamycin was determined by mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. The Journal of Antibiotics (2009) 62, 513-518; doi:10.1038/ja.2009.64; published online 17 July 2009
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Marine geophysics: Where there's smoke there's fire (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (7). pp. 463-464.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-10
    Description: Seafloor vents spewing mineral-rich plumes of hydrothermal fluid — termed black smokers — can persist at mid-ocean ridges for decades or longer. Earthquake data indicate that ongoing magma injection may determine their locations.
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  • 4
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    Clean air policy and Arctic warming (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (4). pp. 243-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The enhanced Arctic warming over the past three decades is attracting much attention. Combining forward and inverse models with observations suggests that regional changes in aerosol concentrations have contributed significantly.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Increase in Agulhas leakage due to poleward shift of Southern Hemisphere westerlies (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 462 . pp. 495-498.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The transport of warm and salty Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic Ocean—the Agulhas leakage—has a crucial role in the global oceanic circulation1 and thus the evolution of future climate. At present these waters provide the main source of heat and salt for the surface branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC)2. There is evidence from past glacial-to-interglacial variations in foraminiferal assemblages3 and model studies4 that the amount of Agulhas leakage and its corresponding effect on the MOC has been subject to substantial change, potentially linked to latitudinal shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies5. A progressive poleward migration of the westerlies has been observed during the past two to three decades and linked to anthropogenic forcing6, but because of the sparse observational records it has not been possible to determine whether there has been a concomitant response of Agulhas leakage. Here we present the results of a high-resolution ocean general circulation model7, 8 to show that the transport of Indian Ocean waters into the South Atlantic via the Agulhas leakage has increased during the past decades in response to the change in wind forcing. The increased leakage has contributed to the observed salinification9 of South Atlantic thermocline waters. Both model and historic measurements off South America suggest that the additional Indian Ocean waters have begun to invade the North Atlantic, with potential implications for the future evolution of the MOC.
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  • 6
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    Generation of intermediate-depth earthquakes by self-localizing thermal runaway (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 137-140.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Mid-Pliocene climate change amplified by a switch in Indonesian subsurface throughflow (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 434-438.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The tectonically driven closure of tropical seaways during the Pliocene epoch (approx5–2 million years (Myr) ago) altered ocean circulation and affected the evolution of climate. Plate tectonic reconstructions show that the main reorganization of one such seaway, the Indonesian Gateway, occurred between 4 and 3 Myr ago. Model simulations have suggested that this would have triggered a switch in the source of waters feeding the Indonesian throughflow into the Indian Ocean, from the warm salty waters of the South Pacific Ocean to the cool and relatively fresh waters of the North Pacific Ocean. Here we use paired measurements of the delta18O and Mg/Ca ratios of planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct the thermal structure of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean from 5.5 to 2 Myr ago. We find that sea surface conditions remained relatively stable throughout the interval, whereas subsurface waters freshened and cooled by about 4 °C between 3.5 and 2.95 Myr ago. We suggest that the restriction of the Indonesian Gateway led to the cooling and shoaling of the thermocline in the tropical Indian Ocean. We conclude that this tectonic reorganization contributed to the global shoaling of the thermocline recorded during the Pliocene epoch, possibly contributing to the development of the equatorial eastern Pacific cold tongue.
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  • 8
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    Large-scale distribution of Atlantic nitrogen fixation controlled by iron availability (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 867-871.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Oceanic fixed-nitrogen concentrations are controlled by the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification. A number of factors, including iron limitation, can restrict nitrogen fixation, introducing the potential for decoupling of nitrogen inputs and losses. Such decoupling could significantly affect the oceanic fixed-nitrogen inventory and consequently the biological component of ocean carbon storage and hence air–sea partitioning of carbon dioxide. However, the extent to which nutrients limit nitrogen fixation in the global ocean is uncertain. Here, we examined rates of nitrogen fixation and nutrient concentrations in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean along a north–south 10,000 km transect during October and November 2005. We show that rates of nitrogen fixation were markedly higher in the North Atlantic compared with the South Atlantic Ocean. Across the two basins, nitrogen fixation was positively correlated with dissolved iron and negatively correlated with dissolved phosphorus concentrations. We conclude that inter-basin differences in nitrogen fixation are controlled by iron supply rather than phosphorus availability. Analysis of the nutrient content of deep waters suggests that the fixed nitrogen enters North Atlantic Deep Water. Our study thus supports the suggestion that iron significantly influences nitrogen fixation5, and that subsequent interactions with ocean circulation patterns contribute to the decoupling of nitrogen fixation and loss.
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  • 9
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    Caboxamycin, a new antibiotic of the benzoxazole family produced by the deep-sea strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937* (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 99-104.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Caboxamycin, a new benzoxazole antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of the marine strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected in the Canary Basin. The structure of caboxamycin was determined by mass spectrometry, NMR experiments and X-ray analysis. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and the enzyme phosphodiesterase.
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  • 10
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    Gombapyrones, new α-pyrone metabolites produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 445-452.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Gombapyrones A–D, new members of the α-pyrone family of secondary metabolites, were produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662, which was isolated from bamboo tree rhizosphere. The strain was characterized by its morphological and chemotaxonomical features and by 16S rDNA sequencing as S. griseobuber. The gombapyrone structures were determined by mass spectrometry and by NMR experiments, and were found to have an inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and glycogen synthase kinase 3β.
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  • 11
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    Origin and evolution of a splay fault in the Nankai accretionary wedge (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 648-652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Subduction zones are often characterized by wedge-shaped sedimentary complexes—called accretionary prisms—that form when sediments are scraped off the subducting plate and added to the overriding plate. Large, landward-dipping thrust faults can cut through such a prism: these faults, known as 'megasplay faults'1, 2, originate near the top of the subducting plate and terminate at the shallow, landward edge of the prism1, 3, 4, 5, 6. Megasplay faults have been the subject of numerous geological and geophysical studies4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, but their initiation and evolution through time remains poorly constrained. Here we combine seismic reflection data from the Nankai accretionary wedge with geological data collected by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and find that the splay fault cutting this wedge initiated approx1.95 Million years (Myr) ago in the lower part of the prism as an out-of-sequence thrust (OOST). After an initial phase of high activity, the movement along the fault slowed down, but uplift and reactivation of the fault resumed about 1.55 Myr ago. The alternating periods of high and low activity along the splay fault that we document hint at episodic changes in the mechanical stability of accretionary prisms.
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  • 12
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    The otherness of the oceans (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 (7244). pp. 166-167.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-08
    Description: As scientists discover more about the genomes of marine microorganisms, new views of their physiology and ecosystem networks are opening up, explain Alexandra Z. Worden and Darcy McRose. "Alien Ocean: Anthropological Voyages in Microbial Seas by Stefan Helmreich University of California Press: 2009. 464 pp."
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  • 13
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    Protists are microbes too: A perspective (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 3 (1). pp. 4-12.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: Our understanding of the composition and activities of microbial communities from diverse habitats on our planet has improved enormously during the past decade, spurred on largely by advances in molecular biology. Much of this research has focused on the bacteria, and to a lesser extent on the archaea and viruses, because of the relative ease with which these assemblages can be analyzed and studied genetically. In contrast, single-celled, eukaryotic microbes (the protists) have received much less attention, to the point where one might question if they have somehow been demoted from the position of environmentally important taxa. In this paper, we draw attention to this situation and explore several possible (some admittedly lighthearted) explanations for why these remarkable and diverse microbes have remained largely overlooked in the present era of the microbe. © 2009 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved.
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  • 14
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    Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 . pp. 243-248.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
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  • 15
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    Rapid sea-level rise and reef back-stepping at the close of the last interglacial highstand (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 458 (7240). pp. 881-884.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Widespread evidence of a +4–6-m sea-level highstand during the last interglacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) has led to warnings that modern ice sheets will deteriorate owing to global warming and initiate a rise of similar magnitude by ad 2100 (ref. 1). The rate of this projected rise is based on ice-sheet melting simulations and downplays discoveries of more rapid ice loss2, 3. Knowing the rate at which sea level reached its highstand during the last interglacial period is fundamental in assessing if such rapid ice-loss processes could lead to future catastrophic sea-level rise. The best direct record of sea level during this highstand comes from well-dated fossil reefs in stable areas4, 5, 6. However, this record lacks both reef-crest development up to the full highstand elevation, as inferred7 from widespread intertidal indicators at +6 m, and a detailed chronology, owing to the difficulty of replicating U-series ages on submillennial timescales8. Here we present a complete reef-crest sequence for the last interglacial highstand and its U-series chronology from the stable northeast Yucatán peninsula, Mexico. We find that reef development during the highstand was punctuated by reef-crest demise at +3 m and back-stepping to +6 m. The abrupt demise of the lower-reef crest, but continuous accretion between the lower-lagoonal unit and the upper-reef crest, allows us to infer that this back-stepping occurred on an ecological timescale and was triggered by a 2–3-m jump in sea level. Using strictly reliable 230Th ages of corals from the upper-reef crest, and improved stratigraphic screening of coral ages from other stable sites, we constrain this jump to have occurred approx121 kyr ago and conclude that it supports an episode of ice-sheet instability during the terminal phase of the last interglacial period.
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  • 16
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    Evidence of seismic deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus at Tindari (NE, Sicily) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Most of the ancient town of Tindari (NE, Sicily) was settled on a plateau the most surficial layer of which was made of unconsolidated material. Ongoing excavations at the archaeological site at Tindari uncovered a large portion of the decumanus which suffered deformations preliminarily assigned to coseismic effects. An analysis of the local dynamic response through the simulation of strong seismic shaking to the bedrock and modelling of spectral ratios of the bedrock-soft soil was carried out to verify the susceptibility of superficial terrains of the promontory to coseismic deformations. To perform this simulation the finite element method (FEM) was used. Four accelerometric recordings of three earthquakes of medium-high magnitude, recorded on rocky sites, were chosen to simulate the seismic shaking, using a constitutive law for the materials composing the promontory layers both of linear-elastic type and of elastoplastic type. The analysis of the linear-elastic field allowed the definition of the frequencies for which the spectral ratios of the accelerations recorded the highest amplifications; in particular the frequency range 31.5–37.2 Hz can be combined with deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus. The analysis in the elastoplastic field highlighted the zones of promontory more susceptible to suffer plasticization process. The results show that the topmost layer of the decumanus is the most susceptible to suffer plasticization. Therefore, the performed analysis lends greater support to the hypothesis that the deformations were produced by seismic shaking.
    Description: Published
    Description: 213-222
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Earthquake ground motions ; Site effects ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Tectonic features of the Lipari–Vulcano complex (Aeolian archipelago, Italy) from 10 years (1996–2006) of GPS data (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The tectonic deformation of the Lipari-Vulcano complex, one of the most important active volcanic areas of Mediterranean region, is studied here through the analysis of ten years (1996-2006) of GPS data from both 3 permanent and 13 non-permanent stations. This area can be considered crucial for the understanding of the Eurasia-Africa plates interaction in the Mediterranean area, and, in general, this work emphasize a methodological approach, already applied in other areas worldwide (e.g. Shen et al., 1996, El-Fiki and Kato, 1999) where geodetic data and strain parameters maps of critical areas can help to improve our understanding of their geodynamical aspects. In this framework, this study is aimed at providing a kinematic deformation model on the basis of the dense geodetically estimated velocities of the Lipari-Vulcano complex. In particular, the observed deformation pattern can be described by a mix between 1) the main N-S regional compression and 2) a NNE-SSW compression with a small right-lateral strike slip component acting along a tectonic structure N°40W trending located between the two islands. This pattern was inspected through a simplified synthetic model.
    Description: This research has benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC).
    Description: Published
    Description: 370–377
    Description: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GPS ; Aeolian Islands ; strain ; modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    P-wave propagation heterogeneity and earthquake location in the Mediterranean region (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We analyse P-wave traveltimes for the Mediterranean area, using both teleseismic and regional arrivals for shallow earthquakes reported in the Bulletins of the International Seismological Centre. We model delays between pairs of 0.5° × 0.5° cells, obtaining a detailed representation of the P traveltime heterogeneities. Examination of these anomalies shows the clear presence of geographically coherent patterns—consistent with known geological features—due to significant structure in the upper mantle. We present a scheme, based on an empirical heterogeneity correction (EHC) to P-wave traveltimes, to improve earthquake location. This method provides similar benefits to those of a location procedure based on ray tracing in a 3-D model, but it is simpler and computationally more efficient. The definition of the traveltime heterogeneity model, being based on a statistical procedure, bypasses most of the critical points and possible instabilities involved in model inversion. EHC relocation, applied to Mediterranean earthquakes, allows one to predict about 70 per cent of the estimated signal due to heterogeneity and produces epicentral and origin time-shifts of, respectively, 4.22 km and 0.35 s (rms). From a synthetic experiment, in which we use the proposed algorithm to retrieve known source locations, we estimate that the rms improvement achieved by the EHC relocation over a simpler, standard, 1-D location is more than 20 per cent for both epicentral mislocation and origin time-shifts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 232-254
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquake location ; Mediterranean ; P waves ; traveltime ; upper mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    New results of 40Ar/39Ar dating constrain the timing of transition from fissure-type to central volcanism at Mount Etna (Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Recent geological studies performed at Etna allow reassessing the stratigraphic frame of the volcano where distinct evolutionary phases are defined. This stratigraphic reconstruction was chronologically constrained on the basis of a limited number of U–Th and K–Ar age determinations whose uncertainty margins are sometimes too wide. For this reason, we successfully adopted at Etna the 40Ar/39Ar technique that allowed obtaining more precise age determinations. The incremental heating technique also gives information on sample homogeneity, and potential problems of trapped argon. Five samples were collected from stratigraphically well-controlled volcanic units in order to chronologically define the transition between the fissure-type volcanism of the Timpe phase to the central volcanism of the Valle del Bove Centers. Isotopic ages with an uncertainty margin of 2–4% have been obtained emphasizing that this transition occurred (130– 126 ka) without significant temporal hiatus.
    Description: University of Catania grants (COFIN- 2002, resp. F. Lentini); CNR-IDPA and INGV-Sezione di Catania grants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 292-298
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: 40Ar/39Ar dating ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 20
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    Methane seepage in an urban development area (Bacau, Romania): origin, extent, and hazard (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The paper describes a case of a natural emission of methane from soil in an urban development area, generating a significant risk for the local population and buildings, due to gas explosiveness and asphyxiation potential. The site is located on the south-western margin of the East-European Platform in eastern Romania, in a hydrocarbon-prone area crossed by the Pericarpathian lineament and regional faults. Molecular composition of gas and stable isotopic analyses of methane (CH4〉90%, δ to the power of 13 C1: -49.4‰, δD1: -173.4‰) indicate a dominant thermogenic origin, with significant amounts of C2-C5 alkanes (~5%), likely migrating through faults from a deep reservoir. Possible candidates are the Saucesti and Secuieni gas fields, located in the same petroleum system. Two surface geochemical surveys, based on closed-chamber flux measurements, were performed to assess the degassing intensity and the extent of the affected area. Methane fluxes from soil reach orders of 10 to the power of 4 mg m to the power of -2 day to the power of -1. Gas seepage mainly occurs in one zone 30 000 m2 wide, and it is likely controlled by channeling along a fault and gas accumulation in permeable sediments and shallow subsoil. The estimated total CH4 emission is about 40 t year to the power of -1 CH4, of which 8–9 t year to the power of -1 are naturally released from soil and 30–35 t year to the power of -1 are emitted from shallow boreholes. These wells have likely channeled the gas accumulated in shallow alluvial sediment but gas flux from soil is still high and mitigation measures are needed to reduce the risk for humans and buildings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 311-320
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: gas hazard ; methane seepage ; soil degassing ; thermogenic gas ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    New evidence for a mixed inorganic and organic origin of the Olympic Chimaera fire (Turkey): a large onshore seepage of abiogenic gas (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Chimaera gas seep, near Antalya (SW Turkey), has been continuously active for thousands of years and it is known to be the source of the first Olympic fire in the Hellenistic period. New and thorough molecular and isotopic analyses including methane (approximately 87% v/v; δ to the power of 13 C1 from -7.9‰ to -12.3‰; δ to the power of 13 D1 from -119‰ to -124‰), light alkanes (C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 = 0.5%; C6+: 0.07%; δ to the power of 13 C2 from -24.2‰ to -26.5‰; δ to the power of 13 C3 from -25.5‰ to -27‰), hydrogen (7.5–11%), carbon dioxide (0.01–0.07%; δ to the power of 13 CCO2: -15‰), helium (approximately 80 ppmv; R/Ra: 0.41) and nitrogen (2–4.9%; δ to the power of 15 N from -2‰ to -2.8‰) converge to indicate that the seep releases a mixture of organic thermogenic gas, related to mature type III kerogen occurring in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic organic-rich sedimentary rocks, and abiogenic gas produced by low-temperature serpentinization in the Tekirova ophiolitic unit. Methane is not related to mantle or magma degassing. The abiogenic fraction accounts for about half of the total gas released, which is estimated to be well beyond 50 ton year to the power of -1. Ophiolites and limestones are in contact along a tectonic dislocation leading to gas mixing and migration to the Earth’s surface. Chimaera represents the biggest emission of abiogenic methane on land discovered so far. Deep and pressurized gas accumulations are necessary to sustain the Chimaera gas flow for thousands of years and are likely to have been charged by an active inorganic source.
    Description: Published
    Description: 263-273
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: abiogenic methane ; isotopic composition ; ophiolites ; seep ; serpentinization ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
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    Multiple hydro-fracturing by boron-rich fluids in the Late Miocene contact aureole of eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy), a shallow crustal level felsic, tourmaline-bearing, dyke-sill swarm of Late Miocene age is associated with abundant tourmaline-quartz hydrothermal veins and metasomatic masses. Development of these veins and masses in the host rocks demonstrates multiple hydro-fracturing by magmatic, boron-rich saline fluid. Tourmalines in felsic dykes are schorl, whereas in veins and metasomatic masses, tourmaline composition ranges from schorl-dravite through dravite to uvite. This compositional shift is evidence for an increasing contribution to the magmatic boron-rich fluids by a Mg-Ca-Ti-rich external component represented by biotite-rich and amphibolite host rocks. This system can be envisaged as an exposed proxy of the high temperature hydrothermal system presently active in the deepest part of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Tuscany).
    Description: Published
    Description: 318-326
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Hydro-fractures ; geothermal systems ; Magmatism ; southern Tuscany ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2008 Nature Publishing Group. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. The definitive version was published in Nature Biotechnology 26 (2008): 909-915, doi:10.1038/nbt.1482.
    Description: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
    Description: SCRI laboratory (V.C.B. and J.T.J.) received funding from the Scottish Government. This work benefited from links funded via COST Action 872. G.V.M. and V.L. are supported by ARC, CNRS, EMBO, MENRT and Region Rhone-Alpes. G.V.M., M.R.-R. and V.L. are also funded by the EU Cascade Network of Excellence and the integrated project Crescendo. M.-C.C. is supported by MENRT.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Significant contribution of the 18.6 year tidal cycle to regional coastal changes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (3). pp. 169-172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-13
    Description: Although rising global sea levels will affect the shape of coastlines over the coming decades1, 2, the most severe and catastrophic shoreline changes occur as a consequence of local and regional-scale processes. Changes in sediment supply3 and deltaic subsidence4, 5, both natural or anthropogenic, and the occurrences of tropical cyclones4, 5 and tsunamis6 have been shown to be the leading controls on coastal erosion. Here, we use satellite images of South American mangrove-colonized mud banks collected over the past twenty years to reconstruct changes in the extent of the shoreline between the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. The observed timing of the redistribution of sediment and migration of the mud banks along the 1,500 km muddy coast suggests the dominant control of ocean forcing by the 18.6 year nodal tidal cycle7. Other factors affecting sea level such as global warming or El Niño and La Niña events show only secondary influences on the recorded changes. In the coming decade, the 18.6 year cycle will result in an increase of mean high water levels of 6 cm along the coast of French Guiana, which will lead to a 90 m shoreline retreat.
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    Biosynthetic capacities of actinomycetes. 46. Genoketides A1 and A2, new octaketides and biosynthetic intermediates of chrysophanol produced by Streptomyces sp. AK 671 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 61 . pp. 464-473.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-09
    Description: The new aromatic polyketides genoketide A1, genoketide A2 and prechrysophanol glucuronide are biosynthetic intermediates of the octaketide chrysophanol. They were isolated from the alkaliphilic strain Streptomyces sp. AK 671 together with the new metabolite chrysophanol glucuronide. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR methods. Genoketide A2 exhibited a slight and prechrysophanol glucuronide a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of L5178y lymphoma cells.
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    Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 489-492.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Predicting the evolution of climate over decadal timescales requires a quantitative understanding of the dynamics that govern the meridional overturning circulation (MOC)1. Comprehensive ocean measurement programmes aiming to monitor MOC variations have been established in the subtropical North Atlantic2, 3 (RAPID, at latitude 26.5° N, and MOVE, at latitude 16° N) and show strong variability on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. Observational evidence of longer-term changes in MOC transport remains scarce, owing to infrequent sampling of transoceanic sections over past decades4, 5. Inferences based on long-term sea surface temperature records, however, supported by model simulations, suggest a variability with an amplitude of plusminus1.5–3 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1) on decadal timescales in the subtropics6. Such variability has been attributed to variations of deep water formation in the sub-arctic Atlantic, particularly the renewal rate of Labrador Sea Water7. Here we present results from a model simulation that suggest an additional influence on decadal MOC variability having a Southern Hemisphere origin: dynamic signals originating in the Agulhas leakage region at the southern tip of Africa. These contribute a MOC signal in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic that is of the same order of magnitude as the northern source. A complete rationalization of observed MOC changes therefore also requires consideration of signals arriving from the south.
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  • 27
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    Mesozoic climate - Liverworts and all (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (1). pp. 14-15.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: The relationship between carbon dioxide and climate over millions of years has been a source of controversy. Fossilized liverwort leaves can help illuminate both temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 200 to 60 million years ago.
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    Phosphorus cycling in the North and South Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyres (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 439-443.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Despite similar physical properties, the Northern and Southern Atlantic subtropical gyres have different biogeochemical regimes. The Northern subtropical gyre, which is subject to iron deposition from Saharan dust1, is depleted in the nutrient phosphate, possibly as a result of iron-enhanced nitrogen fixation2. Although phosphate depleted, rates of carbon fixation in the euphotic zone of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre are comparable to those of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre3, which is not phosphate limited. Here we use the activity of the phosphorus-specific enzyme alkaline phosphatase to show potentially enhanced utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus occurring over much of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. We find that during the boreal spring up to 30% of primary production in the North Atlantic gyre is supported by dissolved organic phosphorus. Our diagnostics and composite map of the surface distribution of dissolved organic phosphorus in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean reveal shorter residence times in the North Atlantic gyre than the South Atlantic gyre. We interpret the asymmetry of dissolved organic phosphorus cycling in the two gyres as a consequence of enhanced nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean4, which forces the system towards phosphorus limitation. We suggest that dissolved organic phosphorus utilization may contribute to primary production in other phosphorus-limited ocean settings as well.
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    Arc-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 451 (7182). pp. 1094-1097.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Resolving flow geometry in the mantle wedge is central to understanding the thermal and chemical structure of subduction zones, subducting plate dehydration, and melting that leads to arc volcanism, which can threaten large populations and alter climate through gas and particle emission. Here we show that isotope geochemistry and seismic velocity anisotropy provide strong evidence for trench-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua. This finding contradicts classical models, which predict trench-normal flow owing to the overlying wedge mantle being dragged downwards by the subducting plate. The isotopic signature of central Costa Rican volcanic rocks is not consistent with its derivation from the mantle wedge1, 2, 3 or eroded fore-arc complexes4 but instead from seamounts of the Galapagos hotspot track on the subducting Cocos plate. This isotopic signature decreases continuously from central Costa Rica to northwestern Nicaragua. As the age of the isotopic signature beneath Costa Rica can be constrained and its transport distance is known, minimum northwestward flow rates can be estimated (63–190 mm yr-1) and are comparable to the magnitude of subducting Cocos plate motion (approx85 mm yr-1). Trench-parallel flow needs to be taken into account in models evaluating thermal and chemical structure and melt generation in subduction zones.
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    Advancing Decadal-Scale Climate Prediction in the North Atlantic Sector (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 453 . pp. 84-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-18
    Description: The climate of the North Atlantic region exhibits fluctuations on decadal timescales that have large societal consequences. Prominent examples include hurricane activity in the Atlantic1, and surface-temperature and rainfall variations over North America2, Europe3 and northern Africa4. Although these multidecadal variations are potentially predictable if the current state of the ocean is known5, 6, 7, the lack of subsurface ocean observations8 that constrain this state has been a limiting factor for realizing the full skill potential of such predictions9. Here we apply a simple approach—that uses only sea surface temperature (SST) observations—to partly overcome this difficulty and perform retrospective decadal predictions with a climate model. Skill is improved significantly relative to predictions made with incomplete knowledge of the ocean state10, particularly in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific oceans. Thus these results point towards the possibility of routine decadal climate predictions. Using this method, and by considering both internal natural climate variations and projected future anthropogenic forcing, we make the following forecast: over the next decade, the current Atlantic meridional overturning circulation will weaken to its long-term mean; moreover, North Atlantic SST and European and North American surface temperatures will cool slightly, whereas tropical Pacific SST will remain almost unchanged. Our results suggest that global surface temperature may not increase over the next decade, as natural climate variations in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific temporarily offset the projected anthropogenic warming.
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    Saline water sinking (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 423-424.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Ninety-five million years ago, ocean bottom waters were much warmer than at present. Some of this warmth could have come from the proto-North Atlantic's continental shelves after the balmy surface waters became increasingly salty through evaporation.
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    Influence of brine formation on Arctic Ocean circulation over the past 15 million years (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 68-72.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The early oceanographic history of the Arctic Ocean is important in regulating, and responding to, climatic changes. However, constraints on its oceanographic history preceding the Quaternary (the past 1.8 Myr) have become available only recently, because of the difficulties associated with obtaining continuous sediment records in such a hostile setting. Here, we use the neodymium isotope compositions of two sediment cores recovered near the North Pole to reconstruct over the past approx15 Myr the sources contributing to Arctic Intermediate Water, a water mass found today at depths of 200 to 1,500 m. We interpret high neodymium ratios for the period between 15 and 2 Myr ago, and for the glacial periods thereafter, as indicative of weathering input from the Siberian Putoranan basalts into the Arctic Ocean. Arctic Intermediate Water was then derived from brine formation in the Eurasian shelf regions, with only a limited contribution of intermediate water from the North Atlantic. In contrast, the modern circulation pattern, with relatively high contributions of North Atlantic Intermediate Water and negligible input from brine formation, exhibits low neodymium isotope ratios and is typical for the interglacial periods of the past 2 Myr. We suggest that changes in climatic conditions and the tectonic setting were responsible for switches between these two modes.
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    Synchronous basin-wide formation and redox-controlled preservation of a Mediterranean sapropel (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 606-610.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Organic-rich sedimentary units called sapropels have formed repeatedly in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, in response to variations of solar radiation. Sapropel formation is due to a change either in the flux of organic matter to the sea floor from productivity changes or in preservation by bottom-water oxygen levels. However, the relative importance of surface-ocean productivity versus deep-water preservation for the formation of these organic-rich shale beds is still being debated, and conflicting interpretations are often invoked1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Here we analyse at high resolution the differences in the composition of the most recent sapropel, S1, in a suite of cores covering the entire eastern Mediterranean basin. We demonstrate that during the 4,000 years of sapropel formation, surface-water salinity was reduced and the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea, below 1,800 m depth, was devoid of oxygen. This resulted in the preferential basin-wide preservation of sapropel S1 with different characteristics above and below 1,800 m depth as a result of different redox conditions. We conclude that climate-induced stratification of the ocean may therefore contribute to enhanced preservation of organic matter in sapropels and potentially also in black shales.
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    The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 239-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one-fifth of the primary productivity on Earth1, 2. The genome sequence of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was recently reported, revealing a wealth of information about diatom biology3, 4, 5. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and compare it with that of T. pseudonana to clarify evolutionary origins, functional significance and ubiquity of these features throughout diatoms. In spite of the fact that the pennate and centric lineages have only been diverging for 90 million years, their genome structures are dramatically different and a substantial fraction of genes (approx40%) are not shared by these representatives of the two lineages. Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms. Contributing factors include selective gene family expansions, differential losses and gains of genes and introns, and differential mobilization of transposable elements. Most significantly, we document the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria. More than 300 of these gene transfers are found in both diatoms, attesting to their ancient origins, and many are likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals. These findings go a long way towards explaining the incredible diversity and success of the diatoms in contemporary oceans.
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    The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to recent climate change (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 864-869.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Observations show a significant intensification of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, the prevailing winds between the latitudes of 30° and 60° S, over the past decades. A continuation of this intensification trend is projected by climate scenarios for the twenty-first century. The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean to changes in wind stress and surface buoyancy fluxes is under debate. Here we analyse the Argo network of profiling floats and historical oceanographic data to detect coherent hemispheric-scale warming and freshening trends that extend to depths of more than 1,000 m. The warming and freshening is partly related to changes in the properties of the water masses that make up the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which are consistent with the anthropogenic changes in heat and freshwater fluxes suggested by climate models. However, we detect no increase in the tilt of the surfaces of equal density across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, in contrast to coarse-resolution model studies. Our results imply that the transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and meridional overturning in the Southern Ocean are insensitive to decadal changes in wind stress.
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    Climate change: Acid test for marine biodiversity (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 454 . pp. 46-47.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to acidification of the oceans. A site in the Mediterranean, naturally carbonated by under-sea volcanoes, provides clues to the possible effects on marine ecosystems.
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    Recent Antarctic ice mass loss from radar interferometry and regional climate modelling (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (2). pp. 106-110.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-07
    Description: Large uncertainties remain in the current and future contribution to sea level rise from Antarctica. Climate warming may increase snowfall in the continent’s interior1,2,3, but enhance glacier discharge at the coast where warmer air and ocean temperatures erode the buttressing ice shelves4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Here, we use satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar observations from 1992 to 2006 covering 85% of Antarctica’s coastline to estimate the total mass flux into the ocean. We compare the mass fluxes from large drainage basin units with interior snow accumulation calculated from a regional atmospheric climate model for 1980 to 2004. In East Antarctica, small glacier losses in Wilkes Land and glacier gains at the mouths of the Filchner and Ross ice shelves combine to a near-zero loss of 4±61 Gt yr−1. In West Antarctica, widespread losses along the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas increased the ice sheet loss by 59% in 10 years to reach 132±60 Gt yr−1 in 2006. In the Peninsula, losses increased by 140% to reach 60±46 Gt yr−1 in 2006. Losses are concentrated along narrow channels occupied by outlet glaciers and are caused by ongoing and past glacier acceleration. Changes in glacier flow therefore have a significant, if not dominant impact on ice sheet mass balance.
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    From climate assessment to climate services (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 2-3.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change has convinced the public that climate change is real. To tackle it, the panel needs complementary climate services that provide continuous climate information for all regions and the globe.
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    Persistent summer expansion of the Atlantic Warm Pool during glacial abrupt cold events (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: Palaeoclimate records and numerical model simulations indicate that changes in tropical and subtropical sea surface temperatures and in the annual average position of the intertropical convergence zone are linked to high-latitude climate changes on millennial to glacial–interglacial timescales. It has recently been suggested that cooling in the high latitudes associated with abrupt climate-change events is evident primarily during the northern hemisphere winter, implying increased seasonality at these times8. However, it is unclear whether such a seasonal bias also exists for the low latitudes. Here we analyse the Mg/Ca ratios of surface-dwelling foraminifera to reconstruct sea surface temperatures in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico for the past 300,000 years. We suggest that sea surface temperatures are controlled by the migration of the northern boundary of the Atlantic Warm Pool, and hence the position of the intertropical convergence zone during boreal summer, and are relatively insensitive to winter conditions. Our results suggest that summer Atlantic Warm Pool expansion is primarily affected by glacial–interglacial variability and low-latitude summer insolation. Because a clear signature of rapid climate-change events, such as the Younger Dryas cold event, is lacking in our record, we conclude that high-latitude events seem to influence only the winter Caribbean climate conditions, consistent with the hypothesis of extreme northern-hemisphere seasonality during abrupt cooling events.
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    Nature Medicine 2.0 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In the future, Nature Medicine will be famous to 15 ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0107-1
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    Human T H 17 lymphocytes promote blood-brain barrier disruption and central nervous system inflammation (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 1173-1175 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] TH17 lymphocytes appear to be essential in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. We demonstrate here the expression of IL-17 and IL-22 receptors on blood-brain barrier endothelial cells (BBB-ECs) in multiple sclerosis lesions, and show that IL-17 and IL-22 disrupt BBB tight junctions ...
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    In reply to 'Cardiotoxicity of the cancer therapeutic agent imatinib mesylate' (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 13-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: The recent article by Kerkelä et al. reported clinical findings of congestive heart failure (CHF) in ten patients, and preclinical studies showing that imatinib-treated mice can develop left ventricular contractile dysfunction and cellular abnormalities suggestive of a toxic ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0107-13a
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    In reply to 'Cardiotoxicity of the cancer therapeutic agent imatinib mesylate' (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 14-14 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: We read with interest the article of Kerkelä et al. discussing the potential cardiotoxicity of imatinib mesylate in animal models and detailing ten patients, nine from our institution, who developed congestive heart failure (CHF) on imatinib therapy. This report has generated ...
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    Is leptin an important physiological regulator of CRP? (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 17-18 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the Editor: Binding between C-reactive protein (CRP) and human leptin in vitro, and inhibition by CRP of the effects of human leptin in mice in vivo, have recently been reported by Chen et al.. In their in vitro studies the authors showed that after exposure of leptin-coupled agarose beads to ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0107-17
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    The Young and the Restless (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 649-649 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The issue of aging academics in times of budgetary constraints has stirred vigorous debate. Many older professors continue to be productive researchers and inspiring teachers with plenty of wind in their sails. However, some say the abundance of older professors is clogging an already narrow ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0607-649
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    Emergency trials of blood substitutes skirt ethical questions (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 652-652 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Did you wear a thick, blue plastic bracelet with the words “I decline the Northfield PolyHeme study” splashed across it in bold black writing during the years 2004 to 2006?... If not, and had you been in a serious accident during that time, you could have been unwittingly enrolled in a ...
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    Sluggish approvals blocking Africans' access to bed nets (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 651-651 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In the fight against malaria, long-lasting insecticidal bed nets—made from polyester or plastic and treated with insecticides—are a favorite tool. Because they can be washed and reused for years, donors such as the Roll Back Malaria Partnership push for their use.... But the nets are ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0607-651
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    London hospital launches infectious disease 'biobank' (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 653-653 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] British doctors have begun collecting samples for Britain's first storehouse of infectious diseases, two years after the launch of the UK's ambitious BioBank project.... Following nearly a year of discussion over ethical approval, Guy’s & St Thomas’ hospital in London has a £45 million ...
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    Chromosome 5q deletion and epigenetic suppression of the gene encoding α-catenin ( CTNNA1 ) in myeloid cell transformation (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 78-83 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Interstitial loss of all or part of the long arm of chromosome 5, or del(5q), is a frequent clonal chromosomal abnormality in human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, a preleukemic disorder) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases by deleting ...
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    Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 35-37 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Abdominal pain is common in the general population and, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, is attributed to visceral hypersensitivity. We found that oral administration of specific Lactobacillus strains induced the expression of μ-opioid and cannabinoid receptors in intestinal epithelial ...
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    Biomarkers trump behavior in mental illness diagnosis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 3-3 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Here's how doctors decide which mental or neurological disorder their troubled patients suffer from: they ask questions like, “Are you hearing voices?” and “Do you feel like people are out to get you?”... Not all that different from how they used to do it about 100 years ...
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    A 'good death' for tumor immunology (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 28-30 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Findings by Obeid et al. in this issue highlight a way to potentially enhance the ability of the immune system to kill tumor cells. The authors suggest that how cells die during chemotherapy is critical; one set of chemotherapeutic agents in particular, anthracyclins, seem to foster a favorable ...
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    Abrogation of nuclear receptors Nr4a3 andNr4a1 leads to development of acute myeloid leukemia (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 730-735 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Nur77 (NR4A1) and Nor-1 (NR4A3) are highly homologous orphan nuclear receptors that regulate the transcription of overlapping target genes. The transcriptional activity of both proteins is regulated in a ligand-independent manner by cell- and stimulus-specific gene induction and protein ...
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    Neutralization of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by soluble, high-affinity receptor antagonists (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 725-729 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus belong to a family of bacterial proteins that act as superantigens by activating a large subset of the T-cell population, causing massive release of inflammatory cytokines. This cascade can ultimately result in toxic shock syndrome and death. Therapeutics ...
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    T H 17 cells contribute to uveitis and scleritis and are expanded by IL-2 and inhibited by IL-27/STAT1 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 711-718 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] T-helper type 17 cells (TH17) are implicated in rodent models of immune-mediated diseases. Here we report their involvement in human uveitis and scleritis, and validate our findings in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a model of uveitis. TH17 cells were present in human peripheral blood ...
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    Retinaldehyde represses adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 695-702 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The metabolism of vitamin A and the diverse effects of its metabolites are tightly controlled by distinct retinoid-generating enzymes, retinoid-binding proteins and retinoid-activated nuclear receptors. Retinoic acid regulates differentiation and metabolism by activating the retinoic acid receptor ...
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    Dramatic rescue relieves rare case of smallpox infection (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 517-517 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Soldier's son, wife develop rare case of eczema ...
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    News feature: Bugs vs Drugs (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 522-523 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In the ongoing battle between bacteria and antibiotics, strains of Staphylococcus aureus are emerging the winners, reports Douglas ...
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    Straight talk from... Jim Young (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 524-524 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] How good is the new prostate cancer ...
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    News in brief (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 520-521 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] 19 Mar A group of nine prominent American scientific institutions call for an increase in funding for the US National Institutes of Health, warning that stagnant budgets outpaced by inflation threaten the progress of biomedical research.... 19 Mar Mosquitoes modified to carry a gene that ...
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    The Tax protein of HTLV-1 promotes oncogenesis in not only immature T cells but also mature T cells (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 527-528 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a fatal T-cell neoplasm caused by infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Hasegawa et al. have described transgenic mice that express HTLV-I Tax viral regulatory protein/oncoprotein in thymocytes. These mice developed ...
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    Autism: highly heritable but not inherited (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 534-536 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Until recently, only 5–10% of autism cases were traceable to an underlying genetic cause. Two studies now change this. Jacquemont et al. and Sebat et al. suggest that this number is actually 10–20%, and it may grow to 30–40% with further research. The advance is based primarily on ...
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    A new way to regulate the NMJ (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 538-539 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] This year marks the twentieth anniversary of the discovery of the dystrophin gene, which is mutated in the devastating X-linked recessive muscle disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). During DMD, heart and skeletal muscles break down, so that the affected boys are typically wheelchair-bound by ...
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    The bridge between dendritic cells and asthma (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 536-538 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The key immunological regulator osteopontin was first identified as a structural protein in bone that formed a bridge (Latin pons) between the bone's mineral matrix and the bone cells inside it. Later, expression of osteopontin by activated T cells and dendritic cells was found to be an essential ...
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    Eat your heart out (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 539-541 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Heart failure is a common and lethal condition, yet why the heart muscle fails remains a mystery. Alterations in myocardial metabolism, defects in calcium handling, alterations in myosin isoforms, cytoskeletal abnormalities and excessive cardiac myocyte apoptosis have all been implicated as causal ...
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    MicroRNAs loom large in the heart (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 541-541 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] How microRNAs (miRNAs) influence heart development and disease is a topic of growing interest. miRNAs regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, typically by binding to mRNAs and inhibiting their translation. Three recent papers show that miRNAs are essential for heart development and ...
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    Research highlights (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 542-542 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Gender matters How infertility-causing mutations are inherited is a tough puzzle. A dominant mutation with sex-specific phenotypes provides a clue (PLoS, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050105). In screening mice for infertility, Laura Bannister et al. isolated a male sterile allele of ...
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    Derivation of engraftable skeletal myoblasts from human embryonic stem cells (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 642-648 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a promising source for cell therapy in degenerative diseases. A key step in establishing the medical potential of hESCs is the development of techniques for the conversion of hESCs into tissue-restricted precursors suitable for transplantation. We recently ...
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    Cyclic AMP–regulated exocytosis of Escherichia coli from infected bladder epithelial cells (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 625-630 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The superficial bladder epithelium is a powerful barrier to urine and also serves as a regulator of bladder volume, which is achieved by apical exocytosis of specialized fusiform vesicles during distension of the bladder. We report that type 1 fimbriated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) ...
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    SIK1 is a class II HDAC kinase that promotes survival of skeletal myocytes (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 597-603 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] During physical exercise, increases in motor neuron activity stimulate the expression of muscle-specific genes through the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors. Elevations in intracellular calcium increase MEF2 activity via the phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of ...
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    Controversy over cervical cancer vaccine spurs safety surveillance (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 392-393 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] When Gardasil, the first vaccine against human papilloma virus (HPV), was approved in June 2006 by the US Food and Drug Administration, it was widely hailed as a godsend for women.... Clinical trials involving more than 20,000 women showed the vaccine to be safe and effective. But the vaccine's ...
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    Aggressive drug marketing tactics trigger backlash (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 393-393 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The average doctor's office these days looks much like a pharmaceutical sales convention: patients wipe their noses with Lipitor tissues and sign forms with Boniva pens attached to Lunesta clipboards. The ubiquity of these drug ads—and the sales representatives that place them—is ...
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    Bone marrow–specific Cap gene deletion protects against high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 455-462 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Cbl-associated protein (Cap) is a member of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–independent pathway for insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4. Despite this positive role of Cap in glucose uptake, here we show that deletion of the gene encoding Cap (official gene name: ...
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    Angiogenic inhibition reduces germinal matrix hemorrhage (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 477-485 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The germinal matrix of premature infants is selectively vulnerable to hemorrhage within the first 48 h of life. To assess the role of vascular immaturity in germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), we evaluated germinal matrix angiogenesis in human fetuses and premature infants, as well as in premature ...
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    News in brief (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 234-235 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] 22 Jan Hoping to raise flagging employee morale, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will hire a full-time ombudsman, agency director Julie Gerberding announces. 24 Jan The first draft of the human 'metabolome' describes more than 2,500 metabolites found in the body, of which fewer ...
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    Plagues and people meet the microbe hunters (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 239-239 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In the history many of us are taught, the fates of societies are determined almost exclusively by the acts of humans, and then primarily humans bearing at least one Y chromosome. In The Power of Plagues, Irwin Sherman challenges this perspective. In the tradition of the Hans Zinsser's 1935 Rats, ...
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    Langerhans cells lap up HIV-1 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 245-246 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Paul Langerhans, a German medical student, was 21 when he described in 1868 a new epidermal cell type which now bears his name. The cells have long dendrites, so Langerhans regarded them as a component of the nervous system. A century later, Inga Silberberg discovered that these cells instead have ...
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    Cracking the cytokine code in psoriasis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 242-244 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent research has led to a shift in thinking about the pathology of Crohn disease, in which chronic inflammation damages the gastrointestinal track. This paradigm shift highlights a key role for the interleukin (IL)-23 cytokine, rather than the previous emphasis on IL-12, as the driving force ...
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    Long-distance affair with adrenal GRK2 hangs up heart failure (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 246-248 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest superfamily of receptors in the human genome. These cell surface receptors transduce signals of an amazing diversity: vision, smell, central and peripheral neurotransmission, and a host of hormone, autocrine and paracrine actions regulating ...
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    Vaccine leads to memory loss (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 248-250 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Can a vaccine be 'too efficient'? Can it provide such a strong stimulus to the immune system that the response is ultimately abortive rather than productive? In this issue, Berner et al. use mouse models to show that a widely heralded approach to vaccine adjuvants, targeting of the CD40 receptor, ...
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    Regulatory T-cell development: is Foxp3 the decider? (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 250-253 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Tregs play essential roles in immune homeostasis and protection against autoimmunity, but also contribute to immunopathology in cancers, infections and other diseases. The recent discovery that the nuclear transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) appeared necessary and sufficient for Treg ...
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    A plague upon fibrin (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 253-254 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Pneumonic plague is one of the most feared infectious diseases, but it is only recently that progress has been made in understanding the molecular interplay between pathogen and host during the disease. A recent study by Lathem et al. in Science shows that plasminogen activator (Pla), a surface ...
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    Health agency pulls back on 'patronizing' approach to TB treatment (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 269-269 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] For more than a decade, the World Health Organization (WHO) has relied on Direct Observed Therapy Short-course, or DOTS, to fight tuberculosis (TB)—and for nearly as long, the strategy has been controversial.... The idea behind DOTS is that a healthcare worker should directly observe those ...
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    Spotlight on... Mark Harrington (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 270-270 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] For a liberal arts graduate with no formal science background, Mark Harrington has a lot of influence on research for AIDS and tuberculosis (TB).... The head of the New York–based activist organization Treatment Action Group (TAG), Harrington commands respect from even the most senior AIDS ...
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    Spotlight on... Ken Duncan (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 271-271 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Ken Duncan began the year with a new job to fight an old foe.... In January, he became a senior program officer for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's tuberculosis (TB) program, where his job will be to shepherd the development of new drugs for the disease. Duncan's main goal is to help ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0307-271b
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    Virtually incurable TB warns of impending disaster (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 271-271 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Like something out of a horror movie, a lethal strain of tuberculosis blazed in 2005 across Tugela Ferry, a small village in South Africa, striking down nearly everyone it touched.... The strain, dubbed XDR for extensively drug-resistant, doesn't respond to known TB drugs and killed 52 of 53 ...
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    A dozen vaccine candidates bring shot of hope to TB epidemic (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 274-274 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The best hope of eradicating tuberculosis (TB) is to prevent it with mass vaccination. Trouble is, those vaccines don't exist—at least, not yet. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal for a new vaccine by 2015. That may be a bit ambitious: scientists are still trying to pin down ...
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    Profile: Wafaa El-Sadr (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 275-275 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In January, Médecins Sans Frontières hosted a two-day symposium in New York on tuberculosis (TB). The speakers were much like those at most scientific meetings—a long list of men, most of them from the US or Europe, speaking in lofty terms about big-picture goals.... Then came ...
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    The top twenty papers on tuberculosis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 276-277 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Which papers have provided the most interesting recent advances in tuberculosis research? Which new discoveries in pathogenesis, epidemiology, drug discovery or vaccine development have been the most important or are likely to have the highest impact to the ...
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    The open book of infectious diseases (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 279-280 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Poor William Stewart. This former US Surgeon General is unfairly credited with stating in 1967 that it was “time to close the book on infectious disease.” Although it appears that he never said such a thing, the sentiment was certainly widely shared. For the past several decades, while ...
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    Highly cited papers on tuberculosis (2003–2005) (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 278-278 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The following tables show the primary research papers on tuberculosis published between 2003 and 2005 that have had the highest number of citations in the literature. To create these tables, we queried the Scopus database (http://www.scopus.com) to search for articles that included the term ...
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    Defining the 'survivasome' of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 280-282 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The worldwide mortality and morbidity due to tuberculosis remains excessive despite the availability of drugs that can stably cure it. Multiple factors underlie this paradox. One is treatment duration: regimens of multiple drugs that need to be taken for at least six months without interruption ...
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    The survival kit of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 282-284 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Macrophages are phagocytes at the frontline of host immune defense against microbial pathogens. They are also the primary habitat of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: unlike bacteria that dependent on the avoidance of phagocytosis to survive, M. tuberculosis preferentially targets macrophage vacuoles. ...
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    Research highlights (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 288-289 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Meet the family From an evolutionary perspective, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its close relatives are so similar that they seem to have separated from a common ancestor only 20,000–35,000 years ago. What happened before this separation? A 2005 paper by Cristina Gutierrez et al. has ...
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    Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence: lipids inside and out (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 284-285 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Lipids have long been thought to play key roles in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In early studies, Segal and Bloch found fatty acids rather than carbohydrates to stimulate respiration of M. tuberculosis if the bacteria were isolated from mouse lungs instead of liquid cultures. In ...
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    Mycobacterial virulence and specialized secretion: same story, different ending (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 286-287 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Since its introduction as a public health intervention in 1921, vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has a long and controversial history. As a tool to study the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, BCG has a much shorter, but no less interesting, history. Despite its excellent safety ...
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    Challenges in tuberculosis drug research and development (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 290-294 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The present decade has seen a reawakening of tuberculosis (TB) drug research and development (R&D), spurred on by an urgent need to stem the tide of the disease globally and develop new, more effective treatments against drug-sensitive and resistant strains. As a result, there are now seven ...
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    From magic bullets back to the Magic Mountain: the rise of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 295-298 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) occurs where health systems have been historically weak; it lays bare the reality of TB as a serious public health problem, especially in areas of high HIV prevalence, and reinforces the need for effective TB control strategies that are coordinated ...
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    Changing funding patterns in tuberculosis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 299-303 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Exactly 125 years after the discovery of the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), the disease remains as threatening as ever. The insufficient control measures in place today were developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A research and development gap in the latter half of ...
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    Aligning pharmaceutical innovation with medical need (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 304-308 
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] How can we make vaccines and medicines for major diseases that have been largely ignored? How can we get vaccines and medicines to populations that cannot afford them? A fundamental solution to these problems requires aligning three basic processes—innovation, incentive and access—so ...
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