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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular markers to differentiate two morphologically-close species of the genus Sitobion (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Sitobion avenae ; Sitobion fragariae ; RAPD ; PCR ; microsatellites ; mtDNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A set of molecular markers to differentiate the aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) species Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from Sitobion fragariae (Walker), is presented. These markers correspond to (1) a region of the mitochondrial DNA, (2) five species-specific RAPD banding patterns and (3) four microsatellite loci. Each of the markers was able to clearly distinguish between the species. The utility of each molecular marker is discussed. Mitochondrial DNA is best applicable to species determination and relative abundance, RAPDs to the evaluation of genetic diversity, and microsatellites to the assessment of the population genetic structure; the combined use of mtDNA with the other techniques can be of importance when the presence of hybrids is suspected, and RAPDs with microsatellites are best used together in population genetics and host preference studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003855919065
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strain typing of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes from subalpine Tyrolean forest areas by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1995), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ectomycorrhiza ; Boletus ; Amanita ; Lactarius ; Russula ; Picea abies ; RAPD ; Intra- and infraspecific variability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for the identifcation of ectomycorrhizal symbionts of spruce (Picea abies) belonging to the genera Boletus, Amanita and Lactarius at and below the species level was investigated. Using both fingerprinting [M13, (GTG)5, (GACA)4] as well as random oligonucleotide primers (V1 and V5), a high degree of variability of amplified DNA fragments (band-sharing index 65–80%) was detected between different strains of the same species, hence enabling the identification of individual strains within the same species. The band-sharing index between different species of the same genus (Boletus, Russula and Amanita) was in the range of 20–30%, and similar values were obtained when strains from different taxa were compared. Thus RAPD is too sensitive at this level of relatonship and cannot be used to align an unknown symbiont to a given taxon. We therefore conclude that RAPD is a promising tool for the identification of individual strains, and could thus be used to distinguish indigenous and introduced mycorrhizal strains from the same species in natural ecosystems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050103
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic diversity of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius based on RAPD-PCR analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 7 (1998), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words DNA polymorphism ; Ectomycorrhizal fungi ; Genetic diversity ; Pisolithus tinctorius ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Twenty Pisolithus tinctorius isolates from different geographic locations and different hosts were characterized by the random amplified polymorphic DNA technique. Thirteen arbitrary primers generated 87 DNA fragments, all of them polymorphic. These data were used to calculate genetic distances among the isolates. The pairwise genetic distances ranged from 1 to 100%, with an average of 58.7%. Cluster analysis based on the amplified fragments grouped the isolates according to their host and geographical origins. Group I contained isolates collected in Brazil and group II those collected in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition to the diversity seen at the molecular level, the isolates also showed host specificity. Greenhouse experiments demonstrated that isolates from the Northern Hemisphere colonized mainly Pinus whereas isolates from Brazil colonized only Eucalyptus. The molecular data suggest that the Pisolithus tinctorius isolates analyzed belong to two distinct groups. The data also suggest new guidelines for future investigations on the taxonomy and systematic of this important fungus species. Furthermore, these results support future experiments aimed at the selection and development of improved isolates of P. tinctorius.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050187
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An investigation of laser-induced fluorescence for measuring velocity distributions of neutral atoms using a CW dye laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32.80 ; 42.60 ; 6.30
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The velocity distribution of evaporated Zr atoms has been measured by means of laser-induced fluorescence using a cw dye laser by scanning the laser line across the Doppler-broadened absorption line profile of the atoms. It is shown that the experimental data can be explained on the basis of an excitation theory for a three-level system developed from basic principles. It was calculated that the probability for an atom to be in the excited state mainly depends on the radiation-power density of the laser and on the residence time of the atom in the exciting laser light. It was found that the laser frequency must be well stabilized in order to meet the assumptions in the excitation calculation. Otherwise deviations to the theoretical predictions appear in the experimental results due to the jitter of the dye laser.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697427
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Independently controllable multiline emission from a TEA CO2 laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Spatial separation of wavelengths in a CO2-laser resonator helps to avoid competitions. We have achieved this by means of a nearly concentric resonator with a grating or prism in its center. Thus, we demonstrated independent multiline emission with a variety of output spectra. The temporal sequence of the lines was conveniently controlled by varying their losses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697699
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond pulses and applications (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 172-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697843
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theory of synchronously pumped dye lasers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An analysis of cw synchronously pumped dye lasers is presented. Under the assumption that the cavity (tuning element) bandwidth is much wider than the bandwidth of the transform limited pulses generated, the pulse forming dynamics is rigorously treated. It is shown that for a finite mismatch between the lengths of the dye and the pump lasers, a steady-state pulse develops in the dye laser cavity with a conserved pulseshape. The characteristics (energy, shape, peak power, duration) of these pulses of ultimate width are quantitatively determined as a function of cavity mismatch. An analytical solution for the pulse envelope is determined, which yieldsI(t)∝Sech2(t/t p ) to a good approximation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695468
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser atomic photoionization spectral analysis of element traces (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 161-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32 ; 42.50 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new method for determining trace amounts of elements in a substance has been developed. It is based on thermal evaporation and atomization of a substance in vacuum and detection of the released trace atoms by the laser stepwise photoionization technique. A rather effective way of detecting atoms is their multistep excitation to Rydberg states by the radiation of tunable dye lasers with their subsequent ionization by electric field pulses. The analytical laser spectrometer consisting of several tunable, pulsed dye lasers, a vacuum chamber with an atomizer and a recording system is described. The microimpurities of elements have been detected in pure materials: the contents of Na impurities in CdS crystals (2×10−6%) and Al impurities in germanium (2×10−7%). The detection limit of about 10−9% was determined. A technique for direct determination of the content of elements in natural water and human blood is described. A high sensitivity, universality and other merits of the method enable it to be used in determining traces of many important elements at a level of 10−8 to 10−11% almost in any matrix.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688402
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amplification and measurement of single 1.6–3.5 ps Pulses generated by a distributed feedback dye laser (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We have shown that distributed feedback dye lasers are capable of generating single transform-limited pulses of 1.6–3.5 ps duration when pumped by a mode-locked Nd: YAG laser. A short-pulse amplifier has been constructed in which the level of amplified spontaneous emission could be kept below 10−3 by properly taking into account the polarization anisotropy of the gain and by precise timing of the pump pulses. A sensitive autocorrelator is described which allows to measure pulse duration in a single shot.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693898
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A discussion of the problem of determining multiple lifetimes from picosecond absorption recovery data as encountered in two carbocyanine dyes (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 61.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Absorption recovery kinetics data on the picosecond time-scale of a high signalto-noise ratio can be obtained by using continuously operating synchronously modelocked dye lasers. We show that such data make it possible to determine multiple exponential decays with small differences in rate constants. We also show that an absolute prerequisite to accomplish this is that the measurements are performed at a number of different wavelengths, and that the decays are monitored in a time interval corresponding to several lifetimes. These considerations are demonstrated by measurements on two carbocyanine dyes, DQOCI and pinacyanol, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690794
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser in the 260 nm region (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser is described, which could be operated for a longer time duration with an output power of 7 mW in the 260 nm region. A double-cathode configuration with a protection for the mirrors from metal-vapour deposition is presented. Characteristics of the laser output power, the spontaneous emission, and the ion densities in the negative glow were measured as depending on the discharge current, the neon gas pressure, and the size of the cathode slit. The observed saturation of the laser output power at high discharge current (1 A/cm2) and the optimum slot size are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688818
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CW and pulsed FIR-CO2 hybrid laser with improved efficiency and amplitude stability at short FIR wavelengths (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract For the first time stable cw output of a FIR-CO2 hybrid laser has been achieved at wavelengths shorter than 300 μm. Due to the saturable absorber characteristic of the FIR laser gas, cw or pulsed emission is observed on both, the CO2 and the FIR laser output, depending on the operating conditions. Results are reported on different resonant lines in CH3OH and the 67 μm Raman line in NH3. The good efficiency of this laser is also demonstrated by the excitation of two new emission lines in CH3OH, namely 49 and 56 μm, pumped by 9R(22) and 9R(24), respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690022
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser photoion projector (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 42.60 ; 82.50
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A laser photodesorption microscope has been applied to obtain 4×103-fold images of rhodamine crystals on a tip with a diameter of 66μm. Peculiarities of the formation of these images have been studied with different values of electric field strength on the tip and laser pulse intensities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690026
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dye-laser frequency stabilization using optical resonators (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We describe a study, performed using heterodyne techniques, of the frequency fluctuations of two completely independent ring dye lasers locked to independent reference cavities. Single laser linewidths of less than 750 Hz were achieved, the principal limitation being residual vibrations from the noisy laboratory environment. With future design and environmental improvements, ultranarrow linewidths are expected thus providing a useful tool for a great variety of high precision experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688526
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of free NH2(X 2 B 1) radicals by CARS spectroscopy (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 35 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract CARS spectra of NH3 and the free NH2-radical in the NH stretch region at 3334 and 3220 cm−1 have been obtained, respectively. The NH2 radicals were generated by laser photolysis of 0.5 mbar NH3 at 193 nm with an ArF-exciplex laser and detected by time resolved CARS spectroscopy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697330
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Frequency measurement chain to 30 THz using FIR schottky diodes and a submillimeter backward wave oscillator (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An infrared frequency measurement chain is reported, the simplicity of which allows phase-coherent frequency measurements up to 30 THz. Frequency measurement is demonstrated on the 10P(28) line of the Lamb-dip stabilized13CO2-laser.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697949
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transient orientational grating technique for investigations of fast molecular relaxation processes (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33.50 ; 42.10 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A theoretical description of a three-pulse transient grating technique is given where the pump pulses form orientational gratings. Including energy relaxation and angular reorientation the temporal behavior of the diffraction efficiency and energy transmission is discussed with respect to the dependence on the corresponding rate constants and the results are compared with experimental data for Rh6G and RhB. The polarization plane of the pulse diffracted by the grating is found to be rotated in dependence on its initial polarization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697505
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Small-signal gain of Free Electron Laser in a resonator Gaussian mode (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We present an analytical expression for the small-signal gain of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the presence of a Gaussian mode. To describe the electron beam evolution we use the one-dimensional (1-d) Vlasov equation. Our perturbation result, valid for small values of the parameterq (length of the undulatorL divided by the Rayleigh rangeZ R), can be extrapolated to values ofq≈4÷5.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697707
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LIDAR multiple scattering from clouds (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 355-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Multiple-scattering LIDAR return calculations obtained by seven different models for the same specified numerical experiment are compared. This work results from an international joint effort stimulated by the workshop group called MUSCLE for MUltiple SCattering Lidar Experiments. The models include approximations to the radiative-transfer theory, Monte-Carlo calculations, a stochastic model of the process of multiple scattering, and an extension of Mie theory for particles illuminated by direct and scattered light. The model solutions are similar in form but differ by up to a factor of 5 in the strength of the multiple-scattering contributions. Various reasons for the observed differences are explored and their practical significance is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082271
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analytical multiple-scattering extension of the Mie theory: The LIDAR equation (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Multiple scattering of light in aerosol media is described in a simple picture within the framework of Mie theory. Our approach leads to an analytical expression of then-fold scattered electromagnetic field and then to an analytical derivation of multiple-scattering LIDAR equation form transport theory. This approach differs from both the descriptions of multiple scattering based on the approximation of radiative-tranfer theory and from statistical approaches mainly based on Monte-Carlo calculations. The physical quantities of interest are expressed by straightforward generalization of the corresponding single-scattering quantities. Therefore, the multiple-scattering contributions are calculated without losing the advantage of working with analytical expression in the frame of Mie theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082267
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spectral investigation of cw rf-pumped atomic Xe laser with a slab geometry (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 11-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 52.90
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A radiofrequency excited atomic Xe slab laser with an active volume of 2 × 10 × 300 mm3 using a quartz envelope containing the laser-gas mixture shows a stable cw performance with an output power of almost 1 W. The free-running system oscillates, depending on gas composition and density, on several lines between 1.73 and 3.51 μm. Line competition phenomena are observed. Single-line oscillation yields more than 500 mW.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081241
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of the unexcited vapour region inside a heatpipe on the observation of UV diffuse bands in 337.1 nm excitation of Na2 (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.90
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report on some interesting aspects of the strong influence of the unexcited vapour zone inside a heatpipe on the observation of 366.6 and 380.0 nm UV diffuse bands of sodium. For a smaller unexcited sodium vapor zone, only the 366.6 nm band is observed, while for larger unexcited volumes, both 366.6 and 380.0 nm bands can be identified. Partial reabsorption of the 366.6 nm band leading to Stokes emission as 380.0 nm band appears most likely. Reduced power dependences observed for the 366.6 nm band, an indication of the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) nature of the emission, support this analysis. A simple kinetic for the system is discussed. The results are quite general and suggest some caution in the interpretation of the data from a number of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) experiments currently being reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080963
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the pulse width of synchronously pumped lasers (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The pulse width of a synchronously pumped laser chiefly depends on the available cavity bandwidth and the pump-pulse duration. A functional form of this dependence was suggested in the literature. We present an alternate relation which is supported by analytical and numerical results, as well as by experimental results, obtained by us and by others.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081199
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamic study of gated saturable absorbers (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The capability of gated saturable absorbers for single-pulse selection is studied theoretically using the classical space-time-dependent rate-equation model. The dynamics of operation is followed experimentally by the well-known pump—probe technique. Comparing the theoretical and experimental results, it is found that gated saturable absorbers can efficiently be used for pulse forming and pulse selection of pulses longer than picosecond.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081200
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Second-order Zeeman effect of theX−B transition in molecular iodine (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Saturated absorption spectroscopy was applied to study the line shape of the molecular iodineX(ν″ = 0,J″ = 13,15) →B(ν′ = 43,J′ = 12, 16) transition (λ = 514.5 nm) in a transversal magnetic field as high as 0.51 T. The Zeeman structure of several hyperfine structure (hfs) components was completely resolved and a detailed study of the second-order Zeeman shift and splitting was made. The anisotropic Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) of the molecular iodine both in theB(43) (X′ = 7.3 ± 1 × 10−34 J/Oe2) and theX(0) [χ″ = (0.6 ± 1) × 10−34 J/Oe2] states as well as the isotropic MS difference [χ′0 −χ″o = (2 ± 0.2) × 10−34 J/Oe2] was measured.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081206
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous-wave mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole burning (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We systematically investigate the difference between both actively and passively mode-locked lasers with Gain-at-the-End (GE) and Gain-in-the-Middle (GM) at the example of Nd:YLF lasers. The GE laser generates pulse widths approximately three times shorter than a comparable GM cavity. This is due to enhanced Spatial Hole Burning (SHB) which effectively flattens the saturated gain and allows for a larger lasing bandwidth compared to a GM cavity. We first investigate enhanced SHB by measuring the cw mode spectrum, where we have observed that the mode spacing in GE cavities depends primarily on the crystal length. This was also confirmed for a Nd:LSB crystal, where the pump absorption length was significantly shorter than the crystal length. In mode-locked operation, pulse widths of 4 ps for passive mode locking and 5 ps for active mode locking are demonstrated with GE cavities, compared to 11 ps for passive and 17 ps for active mode locking with GM cavities. Additionally, the time-bandwidth product for the GE cavity is approximately twice the ideal product for a sech2 pulse shape and cannot be improved by dispersion compensation alone, while the GM cavity has nearly ideal time-bandwidth-limited performance. The results for the GM cavity compare well to existing theories taking into account the added effect of pump-power-dependent gain bandwidth which increases the bandwidth of Nd: YLF from 360 to 〉 500 GHz. In a following paper [1] (called Part II) a rigorous theoretical treatment of the effects due to SHB will be presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081271
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Performance studies of a pulsed HF laser with a sliding discharge plasma cathode (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The plasma electrode design concept is applied for the first time to an HF laser. The discharge along the surface of a dielectric (sliding discharge) is used as a plasma cathode for the main laser discharge. The laser operates at atmospheric pressure with a gas mixture of He/SF6/C3H8. Details are presented on the efficiency of energy transfer, the dependence of laser performance on circuit parameters, gas mixture, relative energy loading and time delay between the plasma electrode and main discharges. The F atom production rate is estimated from the linear dependence of the output energy on the electric charge passed through the discharge. Output energies of 600 mJ were obtained at 1.6% efficiency from a small active discharge of 108 cm3 volume and 38 cm length, while the maximum specific input and output energies were 370 J/1 and 5.7 J/1, respectively. These values compare favourably with those reported in the literature for non-chain-reaction-type gas mixtures at 1 atm pressure and demonstrate that the plasma electrode design is a powerful scheme for developing gas-discharge lasers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081197
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time-dependent thermal lensing and Kerr nonlinearity in CS2 with CO2-laser radiation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.10 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report on optical limiting and z-scan in CS2 as a function of the pulse duration of 10 µm TEA CO2-laser radiation. We present a comprehensive and simple model for the shape of a laser pulse transmitted through this limiting device. For the first time, we propose the use of an optical limiting device for beam shaping.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081046
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous, spatially resolved monitoring of C2 and OH in a C2H2/O2 flame using a diode array detector (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 42.60 ; 82.40
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Simultaneous, spatially resolved monitoring of C2 and OH in a flame is reported. Data could be captured in 10 ns employing two pulsed lasers and a diode array detector. Laser-production of C2 was also observed and a kinetic study of such molecules was performed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692769
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Waveform of the amplitude modulated laser light by means of a mechanical chopper (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The model which reproduces accurately and conveniently the waveform of the amplitude modulated cw laser light in the TEM00 mode by a mechanical chopper is developed. It is found that its predictions are in good agreement with the strict, completely accurate but rather lengthy and inconvenient treatment and with the experiment. The criterion for the efficient amplitude modulation of the laser light by a mechanical chopper is formulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688816
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prospects for vapor-phase dye lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 63-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 78.30 ; 78.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This review covers the field of vapor-phase dye lasers (VPDL) with special emphasis on prospects of gas lasers with optical pumping. Some peculiarities of the gaseous active medium and a possibility to control its density near the critical point are discussed. High specific laser energies (∼0.3J/cm−3), low thresholds, and high efficiencies (20–40%) made it possible to construct a powerful tunable VPDL.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688348
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A laser optical method for the determination of tropospheric OH concentrations (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.68 ; 42.80 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A long-path absorption procedure for the determination of tropospheric OH concentrations is described in detail. Initial measurements using this method were carried out in Frankfurt a. M. By including in the evaluation the visible radiation of a frequencydoubled dye laser used in the measurements, it was possible to mathematically reduce the signal fluctuations caused by the scattering and density fluctuations of tropospheric air. The resulting detection limit was 3×106 OH per cm3. SO2 concentrations which had to be simultaneously determined in order to eliminate an interference effect, could be detected in the range of 1–40 ppb on the absorption path.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688355
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnetic field effect measurements by time-selective absorption sampling (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 15-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 35 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An absorption method which permits time-selective measurements at different wavelengths has been developed in order to explore magnetic field effects on photoinduced electron transfer reactions in linked and unlinked donor-acceptor systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693901
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bistable operation of a dual-wavelength synchronously mode-locked cw dye laser (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 7-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bistable operation of a dual-wavelength synchronously mode-locked cw dye laser is reported. Wavelength switching is found to depend on the pump power and the dye laser cavity lengths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688767
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transverse mode dynamics in a free-electron laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.20 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We derive the most general equations of motion for the electrons and the electromagnetic field in a free-electron laser including the effects of diffraction and pulse propagation. The field evolution is expressed in terms of the amplitudes and phases of a complete set of transverse modes. The analytic solution is given in the small-signal regime, where the theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with a recent experiment at Orsay.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690020
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser irradiation at low temperatures (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser induced multiphoton dissociation of CTF3 is investigated. For the optimization of the performance of this working substance, trifluoromethane, the conditions to yield high-selectivity at high-operating pressure and low-critical fluence for complete dissociation are studied using our deconvolution procedure. The irradiation conditions are varied over the following ranges; wavenumber: 1052–1087 cm−1, gas temperature: 25°C to −78°C, CHF3 pressure: 5–205 Torr. The selectivities exceeding 104 are observed for 85–205 Torr CHF3 at −78°C by the irradiation at 1057 cm−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688351
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Directional and wavelength sweep of distributed-feedback dye-laser pulses (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Directional and wavelength sweep of a pulse train from a distributed-feedback dye laser is studied and found not to be a thermal effect, rather a gain-induced one. The directional sweep can be used for single-pulse selection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697461
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 124-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697837
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further study of continuous-wave CO flame chemical laser of the CS2/O2/N2O type (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This report describes an experimental examination of the output characteristics of the continuous-wave (cw) carbon monoxide flame chemical laser (FCL) of the CS2/O2/N2O type in case of small CS2/O2 reactants ratios (tipically CS2/O2≦1/10). A linear burner which gives a homogeneous and stable flame was used during the experimental study. The measurements of temperature distribution in CS2/O2 as well as CS2/O2/N2O flames show maximum temperatures of 1040 and 890 K, respectively. The addition of nitrous oxide (N2O) leads to dramatically enhanced output laser power caused primarily by V−V transfer processes. A chemical efficiency, based on the reaction O+CS→CO*+S, of 3% was achieved. The spectral composition of the CO FCL of the CS2/O2/N2O type shows lasing in the region from 5.130 to 5.586 μm. Experimental results were obtained with a nondispersive optical cavity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692655
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CW dye laser operation at 200 W pump power (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 19-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A continuously operating jet stream dye laser was pumped by a multiwavelength-multimode argon-ion-laser with a pump power up to 200 W. Rhodamine 6G-chloride was dissolved in a water-polyvinylalcohol-ammonyx solution. The dye laser was prism-tunable between 560 and 650 nm with maximum output power at 600 nm. The maximum output power of the cw dye laser was 43 W without tuning element and 33 W with a prism placed inside the cavity. Operation of a jet stream dye laser with a pump power higher than 200 W and an efficiency of about 30% seems to be possible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694364
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Free electron laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 157-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688657
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New lasers and laser schemes (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Conclusion We have demonstrated the existence of an anomalous polarization coupling mechanism present in the injection locked TEA CO2 laser. As a direct consequence of this work, a new injection technique has been formulated which permits efficient injection coupling and maximises energy extraction whilst eliminating the detrimental optical feedback effects to which other injection locking systems are prone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688654
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Energy transfer in slab dye lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.72
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A simple model of the energy transfer between a booster dye and the active dye in a flashlamp pumped planar waveguide dye laser is described. Analytical results are compared with experiments for several dyes in the 600–650 nm region. A twofold increase of laser output was found at a wavelength (630 nm) which is of particular interest for several applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697425
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous phase-lock of five CO2 lasers to a primary Cs frequency standard (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.72 ; 42.80 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The output of a CO2 laser, operating on theP I(18) transition of13C16O2 at 26941 GHz (11.128 μm) was phase-locked to a 5 MHz signal from a primary Cs frequency standard by means of a frequency chain having only CO2 lasers as infrared sources. Simultaneously, four other CO2 lasers in the chain were phase-locked to the 26941 GHz output. This provided CO2 laser frequencies at 26 450 305, 26 940 815, 28 694 625, 29 442 480, and 33 185 715 MHz having zero long-term-average frequency error relative to the Cs standard, and the ±10−13 (≃3 Hz) long-term absolute uncertainty of the standard.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697698
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Self-phase locking in lasers with homogeneously broadened emission lines (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown by numerical analysis based on Lamb's equations of motion, that standing-wave lasers with purely homogeneously broadened emission lines exhibit regular multimode oscillations. Specifically, modes lying far from the line centre are quenched due to mode competition, and the amplitudes of the oscillating modes approach steady-state values. The stabilization of the amplitudes is normally accompanied, or followed, by an evolution of the phases towards a phase-locked regime, where the relative phasesψ n = 2φ n −φ n + 1 −φ n − 1 [φ n phase in then th mode, defined by (6)] attain either the value 0 or ± π. The build-up times for the relative phases are found to vary over a wide range.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688527
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond gain dynamics of KrF (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We describe the generation of excimer-laser pulses of 〈10 ps pulse width and up to 40 mJ pulse energy at 248.5 nm and their use in the measurement of ps gain dynamics in a KrF amplifier. Small-signal gain of 〉2×104, saturation energy density of 2.0 mJ/cm2, and gain recovery time of 4 ns were measured. In contrast to XeCl* no short-gain rcovery time was found in KrF* and the stored inversion could be fully depleted bya single ps pulse.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697331
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Atomic nitrogen laser action in a hollow cathode discharge (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 227-229 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 34.70
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Near-infrared laser action of nitrogen atoms was obtained in a hollow cathode discharge. Four laser lines at wavelengths of 1358.2, 939.3, 938.7, and 862.9 nm were observed in the cw mode. In addition, the laser line at 904.6 nm was observed in quasi-cw operation in the afterglow for the first time. It is supposed that resonant charge exchange between He+ and N2 followed by predissociation of N 2 + is an important way of populating the upper laser levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692542
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theory of the synchronously pumped picosecond dye laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The circulation of a synchronously mode locked dye laser pulse in a linear cavity configuration containing a dye cell as an active medium and a bandwidth-limiting element is treated. The condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip provides a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the steady-state pulse shape. For the solution of this equation an approximate method, not limited to small pulse energies, is given and the pulse duration, intensity, energy, asymmetry of the pulse shape, stable regions and other interesting parameters are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697293
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    F-center-laser. Superconductivity (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 306-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 68 ; 42.70 ; 42.60 ; 61.70 ; 61.50 ; 42.80 ; 29
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697860
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generation, stabilization, and amplification of subpicosecond pulses (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A sync-pumped cw dye laser system has been used to produce subpicosecond pulses. Pulses as short as 0.7 ps, assuming a single-sided exponential pulse shape, were observed. A set of experiments was performed to investigate the origin and effects of noise in the sync-pumped system. A digital and an analog feedback loop have been designed to optimize the pulse width. The noise has been lowered by 10 dB for frequencies up to 10 kHz; long-term drift is also controlled by this method. A four-stage dye laser amplifier, pumped by a Nd:YAG laser which operates at a 10-Hz repetition rate, is synchronized electronically to the dye-laser picosecond pulses. A gain of 3×106 has been achieved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686361
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser action of C, N, O, F, Cl, and Br in hollow cathode discharges (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 34.70
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract C, N, O, F, Cl, and Br red and infrared laser emission was investigated using hollow cathode discharges in gas mixtures of helium and molecules containing the corresponding atoms. A total of 33 laser lines with wavelengths from 0.7 to 2.0μm was observed. Three laser lines of atomic C, five laser lines of atomic N, two laser lines of atomic Cl and five laser lines of atomic Br were observed for the first time. Dissociation charge transfer and dissociative excitation transfer are suggested as being responsible for populating the upper laser levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692772
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermochemical instability of transparent media induced by an absorbing inclusion (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.50 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The initial stage of thermochemical instability induced by an absorbing inclusion within a transparent matrix, which irradiated by a laser beam, is studied. The instability results in a low threshold (formally non-threshold) optical breakdown of the matrix. It is brought about by the additional absorption of the laser light by the products of the chemical reactions in the matrix. The instability is characterized by a certain induction time when the rate of the chemical reactions is almost steady. When the induction is over, their rate rapidly increases. Theoretical estimate of the induction time are offered. The experimental study of the induction time dependence on the laser-beam intensity confirmed the theoretical estimation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702603
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser isotope separation of tritium from deuterium: CO2-laser-induced multiphoton dissociation of C2TF5 in C2DF5 (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 33-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Isotope separation of tritium from deuterium in heavy water was attempted by CO2-laser-induced, highly-selective multiphoton dissociation of C2TF5 present in C2DF5. Single-step T/D separation factors exceeding 3000, 1000, and 500 were attained, respectively, for the first time with CO2 laser 10P(34) 931.0 cm−1 at 10, 20, and 30 Torr pentafluoroethane pressures at −78 °C (i.e., equivalent to 15, 30, and 45 Torr at room temperature).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688772
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theory of passively mode-locked cw dye lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The circulation of an ultrashort light pulse in a continuously pumped modelocked dye laser with a linear cavity configuration containing the active dye, the saturable absorber and a bandwidth-limiting elements is treated. The steady-state condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip leads to a nonlinear integro-differential equation for this pulse shape. An approximate method for the solution of this equation not limited to the case of low laser gain and small pulse energies is given. The stable single pulse region and characteristic pulse parameters, as energy, duration, intensity and asymmetry, are considered in dependence on the laser parameters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697557
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser plasmas (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 290-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 50 ; 34 ; 32.50 ; 42.60 ; 61.80 ; 62 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697858
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CO2-laser isotope separation of tritium with pentafluoroethane-T (C2TF5) (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Isotope separation of tritium by CO2 laser-induced multiphoton dissociation (MPD) of C2TF5 is reported for the first time. The MPD spectrum obtained for C2TF5 comprised a broad peak at about 940 cm−1 where C2HF5 was nearly transparent. The unimolecular dissociation of C2TF5 was induced with much lower laser fluence than that for CTF3, another working molecule we proposed for laser isotope separation of tritium. The mechanisms and kinetics of the dissociation of C2TF5 and C2HF5 were investigated under various experimental conditions: laser frequency, pulse energy, pulse duration, tritium concentration, sample pressure, buffer gas pressure and irradiation geometry. Single-step separation factors exceeding 500 were achieved with the most efficientP(20) line in 00o–10o0 transition at 944.2 cm−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686364
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative lidar at 532 nm for vertical extinction profiles and the effect of relative humidity (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.68 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An analysis of 532 nm lidar data is presented for the retrieval of vertical extinction profiles. The strong influence of the relative humidity on the extinction-to-backscatter ratio is parametrized for this purpose. A comparison is made between remotely sensed and locally measured extinction coefficients, using reference values in aircraft and at ground level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697633
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A subpicosecond dye laser pumped by a xenon ion laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A pulsed xenon ion laser has been used to pump a rhodamine 6G dye laser utilizing a ring resonator. The dye laser has been passively mode-locked; a pulsewidth of 0.5 ps and a 50 kW peak power have been obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697634
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conditions for the harmonic-like and efficient amplitude modulation of the cw gaussian laser beam by means of a mechanical chopper (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The values of the chopping disc slot and mark space widths relative to the radius of the Gaussian beam are found, which achieve optimum harmonic-like and efficient amplitude modulation of the cw laser beam. The simple approximation for the waveform of the modulated laser power valid for these optimum or near optimum values of the chopping disc parameters is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697456
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of an optical time scale (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 63-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A time standard based on the use of an optical oscillation period of a frequencystable He−Ne laser as a time scale is first described. We obtained highly frequency-stable oscillations in the SHF range that were locked to the oscillations of a He−Ne laser stabilized to an absorption resonance in methane at 3.39 μm. A direct comparison of frequency stabilities of a rubidium standard and He−Ne/CH4 laser has been made. The absolute measurement of the frequency of the He−Ne/CH4 laser we performed gave a new value of frequency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694370
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonlinear laser spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 160-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32 ; 35 ; 42.65 ; 32 ; 33 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688659
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond pulses and applications (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688661
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Short uv laser pulse generation by quenching of resonator transients (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 123-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Short (〈0.5 ns) ultraviolet laser pulse generation by quenching of resonator transients is described. An output energy of 100–150 nJ at λ=340 nm is obtained using a pump energy of only 5–7 mJ at 308 nm. This pulse was amplified up to 100 μJ by a two stage amplifier.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688817
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the high-voltage regime of the discharge in hollow-cathode tube (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 52.00 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A comparison of the operating characteristics of the high-voltage regime of the discharge in a hollow-cathode tube, the hollow-canthode discharge (HCD) and the discharge to a plane cathode are presented. The disappearnce of the hollow-cathode effect and the transition to a high-voltage discharge after inserting several anode rods into the cathode cylinder is exhibited. The similarity between the operating characteristics of such a high-voltage discharge and of a plane cathode discharge is shown. The loss of ions at the anode rods, as well at insulators or floating conductors is believed to be the reason behind the increase of the operating voltage and the disappearance of HCD characteristics. Practical means of increasing the operating voltage are mentioned.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690021
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mirror problems of a cw argon-ion laser at high output power (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 75-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.30 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report upon some experiments done on a continuous-wave argon-ion laser which offers 300 W output power in the visible and 34 W in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, limited by the degradation of the resonator mirrors. To avoid destruction of the outcoupling mirror, a folded three-mirror instead of a two-mirror cavity was tried, resulting in nearly the same output power.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688349
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Excimer-laser-pumped ps-dye laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Generation of single dye laser pulses of 12 ps pulse width (FWHM) and 1.2 mJ pulse energy is described using only one XeCl-excimer laser as pump source. At 1 Hz pulse repetition rate the stability of amplitude and pulse width of these pulses is excellent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688353
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of resonant laser light upon a fast-atom charge-exchange source (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.77 ; 34.50
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of resonant laser-light upon a charge-exchange source of eV-range sodium atoms is to decrease the Na kinetic energy by about 2 eV. The mechanism probably involves a reduction of the space charge in the low-energy ion precursors. The reduction is caused by electrons created in collisional ionization of laser-excited atoms. This is related to the well-known optogalvanic effect. A knowledge of the existence of this effect can be important for the design of experiments involving laser driven chemistry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693932
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shape and delay of CO2-laser pulses in fog (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.10 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The problem of propagation of 10.6 μm-CO2 laser pulses in fog has been formulated and solved numerically, making use of Duhammel's principle. Fog droplets are considered Mie scatterers in the Rayleigh limit. Evaporation, power loss and time delay of pulse peak have been studied. Possible extensions of the technique have been discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692547
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser plasmas (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 186-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 52
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688664
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multiple scattering of narrow light beams in aerosols (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A multiple scattering propagation model of narrow light beams in aerosol media is described. It is based on a paraxial approximation of the radiative transfer equation in which the flux normal to the incident beam direction is modeled by a diffusion process. The model solutions are the forward- and backscattered intensity profiles for the specified geometry and receiver aperture and field of view. The required inputs are the system parameters, and the aerosol single scattering angular phase function and extinction and scattering coefficients which are allowed to vary along the beam axis. Good agreement is shown with measurements performed in the laboratory over scales ranging from a few tens of mm to a few m, and in the atmosphere over a scale of the order of 1 km. The solutions are valid for optical depths smaller than ≈ 10, for phase functions corresponding to average size parameters of order one or greater, and for off-axis positions not exceeding ≈ 25% of the reciprocal of the scattering coefficient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082265
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Accurate measurement of ultralow loss in a high-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer using the frequency response functions (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06.00 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We describe the accurate measurement of ultralow loss in a high-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer using a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser locked to the longitudinal mode with an active frequency-stabilization technique. By measuring the resonance full width and the free spectral range with the frequency response functions, and by measuring the transmission efficiency on resonance, the finesse and the loss at 1064 nm are accurately measured to be 78100 ± 1200 (reflectance of 99.99598 ± 0.00006%) and 1 5.9 ±2.0 × 10−6 (15.9 ± 2.0 ppm), respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090966
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spectral properties of diode-pumped non-planar monolithic Nd:YAG ring lasers (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The coherence length of a single-frequency monolithic Nd:YAG ring laser is determined by using a highly unbalanced all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A coherence length larger than ⋍ 1500km and a 3 dB linewidth less than ⋍ 60 Hz is estimated. Furthermore, an easy method to measure the temperature dependence on several laser parameters is described. This method is based on the laser emission in multiple axial modes, which is enforced by coherent optical feedback. A model explaining the multimode behaviour is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082042
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of a dual-wavelength dye-laser system for the UV and its application to simultaneous multi-element detection (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 82.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, the design and performance characteristics of a pulsed tunable dye laser system for the simultaneous generation of two UV wavelengths are presented. The system is composed of an oscillator and an amplifier stage, pumped by the second harmonic of a commercial Nd:YAG laser. Dual-wavelength operation is achieved with one additional tuning mirror introduced to the prism expanded grazing incidence oscillator. The two obtained wavelengths are independently tunable, their separation is only limited by the gain profile of the dye. Both wavelengths are frequency doubled by Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) in two KDP or BBO crystals. Performance characteristics such as bandwidth, efficiency, tuning range and wavelength separation are reported. As application two such systems are used for the simultaneous detection of the four elements cadmium, nickel, manganese and lead by Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry in a graphite furnace (ETA-LEAFS).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081533
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative study of spectral narrowing of a pulsed Ti:Sapphire laser using pulsed and CW injection seeding (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report a comparative study of a pulsed as well as continuous-wave (cw) injection seeding of a Ti:Sapphire laser pumped by aQ-switched frequency-doubled Nd3+:YAG laser for achieving narrow spectral bandwidth. The results have indicated that the Ti:Sapphire laser using either a pulsed or a cw injection seeding could achieve efficient energy extraction in a narrow spectral bandwidth. In the case of pulsed injection seeding, the injection energy required for the complete injection seeding critically depended upon the timing of the Ti:Sapphire laser with respect to the delayed onset of the slave laser. On the other hand, in the case of cw injection seeding, the spectral bandwidth of the Ti:Sapphire laser was efficiently narrowed down to approximately 0.01 cm−1 with an injection power of less than 1 mW. In both types of injection seeding, characteristics observed experimentally were compared with those obtained by a numerical simulation code based on the one-dimensional rate-equation model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081247
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy in resolution of pressure and modulation broadened spectra (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.65 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Theoretical and experimental results for modulation absorption spectroscopy (with simultaneous amplitude and wavelength modulations) are given, with particular emphasis on the effects of pressure and modulation broadening. As expected, such broadening effects result in a loss of resolution of nearly overlapping lines, whether these are from one or more absorbing species. The effects of phase-sensitive detection at harmonics greater than the commonly used second are investigated. It is shown that when detection is performed at higher harmonics, one is able to counter the loss of resolution due to pressure and modulation broadening. Applications in measurements of congested spectra, and in the simultaneous measurement of more than one species, are discussed. Other general characteristics of signals obtained by using higher-harmonic detection are also discussed, together with corresponding applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833798
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A continuously tunable long-wavelength cw IR source for high-resolution spectroscopy and trace-gas detection (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 437-441 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 7.65 ; 33.00 ; 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new widely tunable source in the infrared for use in high-resolution spectroscopy and trace-gas detection is described. This spectroscopic source is based on Difference Frequency Generation (DFG) in gallium selenide (GaSe) and is continuously tunable in the 8.8–15.0 μm wavelength region. Such a DFG source operates at room temperature which makes it a useful alternative to a lead-salt diode-laser- based detection system that requires cryogenic temperatures and numerous individual diode lasers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01828938
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The bi-directional amplifier in the constant intensity approximation and its application to KrF lasers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bi-directional and folded laser amplifiers are analysed in the constant intensity approximation. Simple analytical expressions are developed for gain, output intensity and extraction efficiency. The analysis is applied to electron-beam pumped KrF lasers and expressions for saturation intensity, small-signal gain coefficient and intrinsic efficiency in terms of gas composition and pump power per unit volume are given. The problem of fluorine burn-up in KrF lasers is discussed. Under certain conditions the analysis is shown to be equally applicable to oscillators and comparison is made with previous experimental results and computer code predictions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692651
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond spectroscopy of intermolecular interactions in dye solutions (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Some new experimental data on the time development of ultrashort superfluorescence (SF) in the dye solution are presented. The correlation between temporal behaviour change and the change of the spectral and spatial intensity distribution gives direct evidence of the important role of the selffocusing phenomenon in the formation of the ultrashort SF pulse synchronized with the pumping one. The oriental relaxation of solvent molecules in the dye solution not only influences the duration of the dye SF via the selffocusing mechanism but also causes a temporal change of spontaneous emission spectrum. At least two different relaxation times were found in the fluorescence spectrum of the dye in several polar solutions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688484
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-order harmonic mixing with Schottky diodes in the FIR region (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 199-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report results of harmonic mixing experiments between millimetric oscillators and FIR laser radiations up to 3 THz, using micrometer-size Schottky-barrier diodes. Signal-to-noise ratios suitable for precise frequency counting have been obtained for harmonic numbers up to 40.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693927
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new blue-green XeF (C→A) excimer laser amplifier concept (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The feasibility of using the electrically excited XeF(C»A) excimer medium as an efficient wideband amplifier in the blue-green region of the spectrum has been investigated. Calculations show that for an intense blue-green optical flux input the amplification characteristics of XeF(C»A) improve, as a result of both bleaching of the pump induced absorbers and by additional production of XeF(C) level population. The removal of one of the major absorbing species, Xe** in the XeF (C»A) laser mixture by means of a pulsed ruby laser probe beam has been demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693931
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct observation of the second-order Stark effect of theX-B transition in molecular iodine (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The second-order Stark shift of the components of the hyperfine structure of the transition1∑ g + (υ″ = 0,j″ = 13, 15) →3∏ ou + (υ′ = 43,j′ = 12, 16) (of molecular iodine have been studied by means of saturated absorption spectroscopy in an external cell with the I2 vapour located in an electric field. The anisotropic polarizabilities of the upper and lower levels together with the difference between the isotropic polarizabilities of the levels of the transition have been obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082071
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The absorption of pulsed CO2-laser radiation by tetrafluorosilane at various wavenumbers, fluences, pulse durations, temperatures, optical path lengths and pressures of absorbing and non-absorbing gases (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33.80 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The absorption of three linesP(30) (1037.4 cm−1),P(36) (1031.5 cm−1) andP(40) (1027.4cm−1) of the pulsed CO2 laser (0001–0200 transition) by SiF4 was examined at various pulse energies, pulse durations, temperatures, optical path lengths and pressures of this compound and several non-absorbing gases. In addition, the low-intensity infrared absorption spectrum of tetrafluorosilane was compared with high-intensity absorption data for all lines of the laser. The experimental dependences demonstrate nonlinear features of the absorption phenomena originating from the high power of the incident radiation and collisions of absorbing molecules with surroundings. These effects are included in the analytical formula, being an extended form of the Lambert-Beer law. which reasonably approximates all experimental data. The importance of the results obtained for understanding general features of multiphoton absorption and for revealing potential applications of SiF4 as a sensitizer for the infrared region is presented in brief.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081123
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ti:Sapphire-pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators based on KTiOPO4 and RTiOAsO4 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The design, configuration and operation of Ti:Sapphire-laser-pumped femtosecond Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPOs) using KTP and RTA are described. The results presented include configurations capable of producing transform-limited pulses shorter than 40 fs and operating with pump powers as low as 50 mW. Tunability within the 1–3 µn spectral region is demonstrated using pump-tuning alone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081323
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New UV tunable solid-state lasers for lidar applications (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 92.60 ; 92.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We present the first lidar/DIAL system based on an Ultra Violet (UV) vibronic laser. A Nd:YAG-pumped Ce:LiSAF laser has been developed for this purpose, providing high pulse energy (5 mJ at 10 Hz), very high slope efficiency (33%), and a tuning range from 284 to 299 nm. Simultaneous measurements of SO2 and O3 concentration profiles are presented using this frequency-agile Ce:LiSAF-based lidar system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090981
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous-wave mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole burning (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 569-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In Part I of this paper [1] experimental results were presented and discussed. In this part, we investigate theoretically the dynamics of end-pumped solid-state lasers due to enhanced spatial hole burning. This becomes possible by a fast numerical implementation of the saturated gain in the presence of strong spatial hole burning that allows to treat the multimode case for an arbitrary pumping level. We find for a wide range of laser parameters that the mode spacing of the cw running modes is essentially determined by the length of the gain medium and only weakly depends on the absorption depth of the pump transition. It is shown that spatial hole burning can lead to a completely flat saturated gain profile over half of the gain bandwidth. In mode-locked lasers, the flat gain due to spatial hole burning results in shorter pulses. But the pulses are neither Gaussian-nor sech-shaped as they are in actively or passively mode-locked lasers without spatial hole burning. Further, we show that soliton-like pulse shaping can be used to restore a transform-limited sech-shaped pulse in an end-pumped solid-state laser while exploiting the full gain bandwidth of the laser material.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091215
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relation of pump-beam quality and conversion efficiency in the Raman downward conversion (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 78.30
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract To investigate the full conversion of pump power to the Stokes waves in stimulated Raman scattering with a single-pass cell, unconverted pump energies have been analyzed in detail in relation to the first Stokes, second Stokes and first anti-Stokes energies. Adoption of a long focusing configuration with a high-pressure cell was found to be effective but insufficient to suppress the four-wave mixing effect, because a small amount of pump energy always remained undepleted. Comparison of the results using pump beams of various spectral and spatial mode characteristics from alexandrite and Nd:YAG lasers revealed that the spatial mode quality was the most critical parameter for full depletion of a pump pulse.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081248
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Frequency control of a dual-pulse-pumped dye laser by combination of external injection and intracavity self-injection of radiation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A technique is proposed for injection-seeding control of tunable lasers. It is based on a combination of successive external injection and intracavity self-injection of radiation when the active medium is pumped by dual-step pulses. The technique is tested both experimentally (in the case of Nd:YAG-laser-pumped pulsed dye lasers) and numerically, using a model developed by us. Full conversion of the broadband spectrum into the injected line is achieved for an output energy greater by a factor of about 50 than that managed by means of the traditional injection-seeding technique under identical conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081254
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Operation of KrF and ArF tunable excimer lasers without Cassegrain optics (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A commercial tunable excimer laser consists of an oscillator-amplifier combination. The oscillator produces high-quality light that is sent to the amplifier and is distributed throughout the amplifier cavity via Cassegrain optics. We describe here two alternative approaches, a “single-pass” configuration for use with KrF and a “triple-pass” configuration with ArF, both of which do away with the Cassegrain optics. In each approach, the beam energy is the same as with Cassegrain optics. For KrF, the changes provide better locking, a higher degree of linear polarization, and a better spatial beam homogeneity, but a poorer beam divergence. For ArF, there is also better beam homogeneity, but the locking efficiency and divergence are not as good as with Cassegrain optics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080951
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensitive density-fluctuation measurements using wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with high-order-harmonic detection (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.65 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We discuss experimental and theoretical results which show that when wavelength-modulation spectroscopy is used to monitor concentration fluctuations of gaseous species, greater sensitivity may be obtained if one uses high-order detection. We also show that, depending on the ambient concentration being monitored, there are regions in which the commonly used second derivative would show a negligible variation of signal magnitude with concentration fluctuations, whereas measurement with a higher harmonic would result in a much improved signal. Theoretical results for the measurements of any transition that can be described by the Voigt profile are given. The technique discussed is illustrated by presenting the results of measurements of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy of lines in the oxygenA band. Different detection harmonic orders are suitable for different ambient concentrations, and a related criterion that helps in the determination of a suitable detection harmonic order is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080955
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A high average power rotating hollow cylinder Nd : glass laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The rotating hollow cylinder glass laser is one of the approaches for the generation of high average output powers scaling to kilowatt levels from solid-state laser materials. An analytical solution of the heat conduction equation is presented for a thin wall, infinitely long glass medium, with boundary conditions given by Newton's law of cooling. The theoretical result is applied to predict thermal effects of this geometry which ultimately limit the laser performance, and the design of such a laser. A flashlamp pumped rotating Nd-doped phosphate glass hollow cylinder laser has been demonstrated. An average power output of 300 W has been achieved at 3.8% slope efficiency and 2.6% overall efficiency. Our investigation shows that the development of a kilowatt average power rotating cylinder laser is feasible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01830997
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of LiF crystals with F 2 − colour centers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown that LiF crystals with F 2 − colour centers may be used in lasers for cavity Q-switching and in high-power Nd: glass laser systems for, increasing the contrast and the self-excitation threshold. Also Lif crystals with F 2 − centers are successfully used for the generation of ultrashort pulses, for the generation of difference frequencies in the ir spectral range and in intracavity spectroscopy experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688843
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Proposal for the measuring molecular velocity vector with single-pulse coherent Raman spectroscopy (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Methods for simultaneous measurements of more than one flow velocity component using coherent Raman spectroscopy are proposed. It is demonstrated that using a kilowatt broad-band probe pulse (3–30 GHz) along with a megawatt narrow-band pump pulse (∼100 MHz), coherent Raman signal resulting from a single laser pulse is sufficient to produce a high-resolution Raman spectrum for a velocity measurement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688776
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generation of coherent ultraviolet radiation in the 330 nm region by multiphoton excitation of sodium vapor (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report the observation of coherent uv emission at 330.2±0.5 nm when sodium vapor in a heatpipe is irradiated with a pulsed visible dye laser with output wavelength in the 570–595 nm region. It is found that intense uv emission can be produced from Na atoms as well as from Na2 molecules. The excitation functions and their dependence on vapor density and laser power density are presented and the mechanisms for producing the emission are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688522
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Waveguide CW 118.6 μm H2O laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports results of an experimental study of a cw 118.6 μm H2O waveguide laser. The laser cavity is a 3 cm inner diameter, 3.2 m long Pyrex tube, with plane reflectors against its ends, one of them being a copper mesh coupler. The active medium is a H2O:H2 gas mixture. Successive optimizations lead to a reliable output power of 50 mW, for the EH11 mode. The power density is the highest ever reported, and the stability is such that the power drifts by less than 2% per hour. This laser is competitive with the optically pumped 118.8 μm CH3OH laser.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694636
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extension of frequency measurements with Schottky diodes to the 4 THz range (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 167-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The 11th harmonic mixing signals between a 386 GHz oscillator and a 4.25 THz laser with a signal to noise ratio of 25 dB in 100 kHz bandwidth have been obtained with a Schottky diode.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697434
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    UV-laser induced photo-oxidation of aqueous benzene solutions: Formation of phenol (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 35 ; 36 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Aqueous solutions of benzene were irradiated by focussed KrF laser light. The formation of phenol together with varying amounts of 1.3-cyclopentadiene-1-carboxaldehyde was shown by uv absorption measurements. A mechanism for this photo-oxidation via benzene radical cations produced by 2-photon ionization of benzene is proposed. Comparative gas phase laser experiments and experiments with unfocussed laser beams were consistent with previous results using incoherent light sources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697440
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Solid-state dye lasers based on copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate doped with rhodamine 6G (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 383-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55.Rz ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Rhodamine 6G has been dissolved in copolymers of 2-HydroxyEthyl MethAcrylate (HEMA) and Methyl MethAcrylate (MMA) and the resulting solid-state solutions have been pumped at 337 nm and 532 nm. Lasing efficiencies similar to those found in ethanol solution have been obtained with a 1:1 vol/vol HEMA: MMA copolymer matrix, and lifetimes of ca. 10 000 (337 nm pumping) and ca. 75 000 (532 nm pumping) pulses at repetition rates up to 15 Hz and 10 Hz, respectively, have been demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082275
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Short-term frequency stabilization of diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG lasers using double-pendulum suspended cavities (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 489-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.60 ; 42.50 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We describe the improvement of short-term frequency stability of diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG lasers. To improve the vibrational isolation of reference cavities, the reference cavities were suspended by a double pendulum with magnetic damping. The frequency noise was reduced to lower than 1 Hz/√Hz at Fourier frequencies higher than 5 Hz and the minimum noise of 7 × 10−3 Hz/√Hz was recorded. The minimum root Allan variance was about 10−14 for the sampling time of 0.01 s. Heating of the reference cavity by absorbed laser power caused the thermal drift of cavity resonance frequencies. It resulted in the laser linewidth in the range of 30–50 Hz.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081332
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of multiple-pass off-axis KrF amplifiers (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 565-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Multiple-pass short-pulse off-axis amplification using spherical and cylindrical expansion schemes has been analyzed for different conventional discharge-pumped KrF gain modules. It is shown that using a single-gain module in a three-pass optimized off-axis arrangement, output energies up to several 1OO mJ can be reached with excellent contrast, starting from 10–20 µJ input energies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080936
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of methane in air using diode-laser pumped difference-frequency generation near 3.2 μm (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 553-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.65 ; 33.00 ; 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Spectroscopic detection of the methane in natural air using an 800 nm diode laser and a diode-pumped 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser to produce tunable light near 3.2 µm is reported. The lasers were pump sources for ring-cavity-enhanced tunable difference-frequency mixing in AgGaS2. IR frequency tuning between 3076 and 3183 cm−1 was performed by crystal rotation and tuning of the extended-cavity diode laser. Feedback stabilization of the IR power reduced intensity noise below the detector noise level. Direct absorption and wavelength-modulation (2f) spectroscopy of the methane in natural air at 10.7 kPa (80 torr) were performed in a 1 m single-pass cell with 1 µW probe power. Methane has also been detected using a 3.2 µm confocal build-up cavity in conjunction with an intracavity absorption cell. The best methane detection limit observed was 12 ppb m (Hz.)−1/2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091213
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