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  • General Chemistry  (21.340)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: The primary objective of this publication is to share with a wider audience the valuable information and extensive dialogue that took place amongst over 140 individuals who attended the second in a series of planned workshops on the science and management of coastal landforms in Massachusetts. This workshop took place at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on January 24, 2001. The individuals who attended this workshop are actively engaged in planning, managing, regulating, engineering, educating, and studying coastal landforms and their beneficial functions. This workshop titled, Can Humans & Coastal Landforms Co-exist?’, was a natural follow-up to a previous workshop, Coastal Landform Management in Massachusetts, held at WHOI October 9-10, 1997 (proceedings published as WHOI Technical Report #WHOI-98-16). The workshop had a very practical, applied focus, providing state-of-the-art scientific understanding of coastal landform function, case history management and regulation of human activities proposed on coastal landforms, a multi-faceted mock conservation commission hearing presented by practicing technical consultants and attorneys that involved all attendees acting as regulators in breakout sessions, and, at the conclusion of the workshop, an open discussion on all issues related to the science and management of coastal landforms, including future research needs.
    Beschreibung: Funding for these proceedings was provided by WHOI Sea Grant and the NOAA National Sea Grant College Program Office, Department of Commerce, under NOAA Grant No. M10-2, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Project No. NA86R60075.
    Schlagwort(e): Coastal ; Landforms ; Humans
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 1574993 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 27 (1988), S. 311-320 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Genome composition ; Coding sequences ; Isochores ; Humans ; Murids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The compositional distributions of coding sequences and DNA molecules (in the 50-100-kb range) are remarkably narrower in murids (rat and mouse) compared to humans (as well as to all other mammals explored so far). In murids, both distributions begin at higher and end at lower GC values. A comparison of homologous coding sequences from murids and humans revealed that their different compositional distributions are due to differences in GC levels in all three codon positions, particularly of genes located at both ends of the distribution. In turn, these differences are responsible for differences in both codon usage and amino acids. When GC levels at first+second codon positions and third codon positions, respectively, of murid genes are plotted against corresponding GC levels of homologous human genes, linear relationships (with very high correlation coefficients and slopes of about 0.78 and 0.60, respectively) are found. This indicates a conservation of the order of GC levels in homologous genes from humans and murids. (The same comparison for mouse and rat genes indicates a conservation of GC levels of homologous genes.) A similar linear relationship was observed when plotting GC levels of corresponding DNA fractions (as obtained by density gradient centrifugation in the presence of a sequence-specific ligand) from mouse and human. These findings indicate that orderly compositional changes affecting not only coding sequences but also noncoding sequences took place since the divergence of murids. Such directional fixations of mutations point to the existence of selective pressures affecting the genome as a whole.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscles ; Ultrastructure ; Exercise ; Glycogen ; Humans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Distribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar Iband. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these “depleted” type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Animal cognition 1 (1998), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 1435-9456
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Shape from shading ; Visual search ; Texture segregation ; Chimpanzees ; Humans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The perception of shape from shading was tested in two chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and five humans (Homo sapiens), using visual search tasks. Subjects were required to select and touch an odd item (target) from among uniform distractors. Humans found the target faster when shading was vertical than when it was horizontal, consistent with results of previous research. Both chimpanzees showed the opposite pattern: they found the target faster when shading was horizontal. The same difference in response was found in texture segregation tasks. This difference between the species could not be explained by head rotation or head shift parallel to the surface of the monitor. Furthermore, when the shaded shape was changed from a circle to a square, or the shading type was changed from gradual to stepwise, the difference in performance between vertical and horizontal shading disappeared in chimpanzees, but persisted in humans. These results suggest that chimpanzees process shading information in a different way from humans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Schlagwort(e): Photocycloaddition ; Ring opening ; Oxetanes ; 1,2-Diols ; Alkyldealkoxylation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The ring opening of 3-isopropyl-2-phenyl-3-oxetanol (2a) by various nucleophiles has been studied. In the presence of BF3 as a Lewis acid, a clean reaction at the less substituted C-4 position was observed and the corresponding 1,2-diols 6-11 and 21-23 were isolated in diastereomerically pure form (47-97% yield). Alkyl-, aryl-, alkynyl- and alkenyllithium compounds proved to be suitable carbon nucleophiles. Deprotonated thiols were used as sulfur nucleophiles. An alkoxide derived from benzyl alcohol and an amide derived from benzylamine reacted less readily under these conditions, yielding the 1,2,3-trifunctional compounds 24 (42% yield) and 26 (54% yield). Other 2-phenyl-3-oxetanols such as 2b and 2c can also be employed as electrophiles, whereas 2-anisyl derivatives preferentially undergo rearrangement reactions, as exemplified by the conversion of oxetane 16 to the hydroxy ketone 17 (84% yield). The superior behaviour of 3-oxetanols as compared to their silyl derivatives in reactions with nucleophiles became evident from the reaction of 3-silyloxyoxetane 1a with alkyllithium reagents. A β elimination occurred upon treatment with nBuLi, which, after pericyclic ring opening and addition of nBuLi, yielded the allylic alcohol 20.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Schlagwort(e): Azoalkanes ; DBO ; Fluorescence quenching ; Exciplexes ; Hydrogen transfer ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The fluorescence of the DBO derivatives 1-3 is efficiently quenched by olefins and arenes, exciplex formation and hydrogen transfer operate as quenching mechanisms. The electron-accepting ester groups in the azoalkanes 1-3 promote significantly more effective quenching compared to the parent DBO. Steric hindrance accounts for the differences in the quenching efficiencies, but electronic effects dominate
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Schlagwort(e): Mannich bases ; γ-Amino alcohols ; Grob fragmentation ; (Z)-Alkenes ; Oxetanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Quaternized γ-amino alcohols 5 derived from ternary iminium salts 2 are stereospecifically converted into both unsaturated aldehydes/ketones 6 with a (Z)-C—C double bond in a Grob-type fragmentation and highly functionalized oxetanes 7 by intramolecular substitution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 2201-2207 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Schlagwort(e): Antibiotics ; Asymmetric synthesis ; β-Lactams ; Michael additions ; Multicomponent reactions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Lithium dialkylcuprates react either in a sequential one-pot or in a domino “three-component” fashion with chiral Michael acceptors, like Oppolzer's N-enoyl-2,10-camphorsultams 7 and 11 or ‘Evans’ N-enoyl-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones 8 and 13, and N-(methoxycarbonylmethylidene)(4-methoxyphenyl)amine 9 to afford the corresponding cis-3-alkyl-4-methoxycarbonyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)azetidin-2-ones 10, 14-15 in overall yields of 40-67% and enantiomeric excesses of 91-99%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 2229-2235 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Schlagwort(e): 3-Nitro-ω-benzylideneacetophenone ; Carbanions ; Michael addition ; Intramolecular vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 3-Nitro-ω-benzylideneacetophenone (1) reacts with carbanions containing leaving groups to give addition products to the electrophilic side chain. As a result of conjugated addition and subsequent intramolecular vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (VNS) in the nitroaromatic ring of 1 in the position para to the nitro group, 4-cyano-7-nitro-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-one and 4-cyano-7-nitro-3-phenylnaphth-1-ol are obtained. Smooth intramolecular VNS in the position para to the nitro group was observed for 4-chloro-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(p-tosyl)butanol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Schlagwort(e): Conformation analysis ; Electrochemistry ; Nitrogen heterocycles ; Dimerization ; Mechanism ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In aqueous media the one-electron reduction of the title compounds on a mercury pool generally gives rise to three dimers, which are distinguishable by HPL chromatography. From spectroscopic analyses it has been possible to propose a structure for these conformers and their stability has been studied. Two conformers are unstable, yielding the third conformer. A mechanism is proposed for this transformation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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