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  • United States  (2,326)
  • Female  (1,718)
  • Male  (1,621)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4,254)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 2005-2009  (1,959)
  • 2000-2004  (2,295)
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  • 1
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    Psychology. Racial bias, unspoken but heard (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dovidio, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1641-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1184231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA. john.dovidio@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Social Behavior ; *Television ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    U.S. budget. Science wins $21 billion boost as stimulus package becomes law (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):992-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.992.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Budgets/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Green energy. Another biofuels drawback: the demand for irrigation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):516-7. doi: 10.1126/science.326_516.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; *Biofuels ; *Ethanol ; Eutrophication ; Poaceae/growth & development ; United States ; *Water ; Water Supply ; Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Coat variation in the domestic dog is governed by variants in three genes (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: Coat color and type are essential characteristics of domestic dog breeds. Although the genetic basis of coat color has been well characterized, relatively little is known about the genes influencing coat growth pattern, length, and curl. We performed genome-wide association studies of more than 1000 dogs from 80 domestic breeds to identify genes associated with canine fur phenotypes. Taking advantage of both inter- and intrabreed variability, we identified distinct mutations in three genes, RSPO2, FGF5, and KRT71 (encoding R-spondin-2, fibroblast growth factor-5, and keratin-71, respectively), that together account for most coat phenotypes in purebred dogs in the United States. Thus, an array of varied and seemingly complex phenotypes can be reduced to the combinatorial effects of only a few genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897713/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897713/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cadieu, Edouard -- Neff, Mark W -- Quignon, Pascale -- Walsh, Kari -- Chase, Kevin -- Parker, Heidi G -- Vonholdt, Bridgett M -- Rhue, Alison -- Boyko, Adam -- Byers, Alexandra -- Wong, Aaron -- Mosher, Dana S -- Elkahloun, Abdel G -- Spady, Tyrone C -- Andre, Catherine -- Lark, K Gordon -- Cargill, Michelle -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Wayne, Robert K -- Ostrander, Elaine A -- 1R01GM83606/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM063056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):150-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1177808. Epub 2009 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Dogs/*genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 5/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; *Hair/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Haplotypes ; Keratins, Hair-Specific/*genetics ; Lod Score ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Thrombospondins/*genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Demonstration of genetic exchange during cyclical development of Leishmania in the sand fly vector (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: Genetic exchange has not been shown to be a mechanism underlying the extensive diversity of Leishmania parasites. We report here evidence that the invertebrate stages of Leishmania are capable of having a sexual cycle consistent with a meiotic process like that described for African trypanosomes. Hybrid progeny were generated that bore full genomic complements from both parents, but kinetoplast DNA maxicircles from one parent. Mating occurred only in the sand fly vector, and hybrids were transmitted to the mammalian host by sand fly bite. Genetic exchange likely contributes to phenotypic diversity in natural populations, and analysis of hybrid progeny will be useful for positional cloning of the genes controlling traits such as virulence, tissue tropism, and drug resistance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729066/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729066/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akopyants, Natalia S -- Kimblin, Nicola -- Secundino, Nagila -- Patrick, Rachel -- Peters, Nathan -- Lawyer, Phillip -- Dobson, Deborah E -- Beverley, Stephen M -- Sacks, David L -- A1020941/PHS HHS/ -- A1029646/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI029646/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI029646-20/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):265-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1169464.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology ; DNA, Kinetoplast/genetics ; DNA, Protozoan/analysis/genetics ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Insect Vectors/*parasitology ; Leishmania major/drug effects/*genetics/*growth & development/pathogenicity ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Phlebotomus/*parasitology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The transcriptional repressor DEC2 regulates sleep length in mammals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: Sleep deprivation can impair human health and performance. Habitual total sleep time and homeostatic sleep response to sleep deprivation are quantitative traits in humans. Genetic loci for these traits have been identified in model organisms, but none of these potential animal models have a corresponding human genotype and phenotype. We have identified a mutation in a transcriptional repressor (hDEC2-P385R) that is associated with a human short sleep phenotype. Activity profiles and sleep recordings of transgenic mice carrying this mutation showed increased vigilance time and less sleep time than control mice in a zeitgeber time- and sleep deprivation-dependent manner. These mice represent a model of human sleep homeostasis that provides an opportunity to probe the effect of sleep on human physical and mental health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884988/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884988/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Ying -- Jones, Christopher R -- Fujiki, Nobuhiro -- Xu, Ying -- Guo, Bin -- Holder, Jimmy L Jr -- Rossner, Moritz J -- Nishino, Seiji -- Fu, Ying-Hui -- HL059596/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MH074924/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059596/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059596-09/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):866-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1174443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, Mission Bay, 1550 Fourth Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activity Cycles/genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Child ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Drosophila/genetics ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Sleep/*genetics/physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep, REM/genetics/physiology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Wakefulness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    A new wave of chemical regulations just ahead? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):692-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; *Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; Toxicity Tests ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    On incentives for innovation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1163. doi: 10.1126/science.1184848.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *Motivation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    U.S. science. OSTP, NOAA chiefs finally get a chance to lead (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1656. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5922.1656a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Politics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Agriculture. Nutrient imbalances in agricultural development (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vitousek, P M -- Naylor, R -- Crews, T -- David, M B -- Drinkwater, L E -- Holland, E -- Johnes, P J -- Katzenberger, J -- Martinelli, L A -- Matson, P A -- Nziguheba, G -- Ojima, D -- Palm, C A -- Robertson, G P -- Sanchez, P A -- Townsend, A R -- Zhang, F S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1519-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1170261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. vitousek@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/methods ; China ; Environmental Pollution ; Fertilizers ; Kenya ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; *Soil ; United States ; *Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Online education today (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Online education is established, growing, and here to stay. It is creating new opportunities for students and also for faculty, regulators of education, and the educational institutions themselves. Much of what is being learned by the practitioners will flow into the large numbers of blended courses that will be developed and delivered on most campuses. Some of what is being learned will certainly improve pedagogical approaches and possibly affect other important problems, such as the lengthening time to completion of a degree. Online education is already providing better access to education for many, and many more will benefit from this increased access in the coming years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayadas, A Frank -- Bourne, John -- Bacsich, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1168874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, 630 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10111, USA. mayadas@sloan.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computer-Assisted Instruction/economics ; *Education, Distance/economics ; Faculty ; Federal Government ; Humans ; *Internet ; Online Systems ; State Government ; Students ; Training Support ; United States ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Polymorphic butterfly reveals the missing link in ecological speciation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Ecological speciation occurs when ecologically based, divergent selection causes the evolution of reproductive isolation. There are many empirical examples of this process; however, there exists a poorly characterized stage during which the traits that distinguish species ecologically and reproductively segregate in a single population. By using a combination of genetic mapping, mate-choice experiments, field observations, and population genetics, we studied a butterfly population with a mimetic wing color polymorphism and found that the butterflies exhibited partial, color-based, assortative mate preference. These traits represent the divergent, ecologically based signal and preference components of sexual isolation that usually distinguish incipient and sibling species. The association between behavior and recognition trait in a single population may enhance the probability of speciation and provides an example of the missing link between an interbreeding population and isolated species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875868/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875868/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, Nicola L -- Hill, Ryan I -- Kapan, Durrell D -- Gilbert, Lawrence E -- Kronforst, Marcus R -- GM068763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM068763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM068763-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):847-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1179141.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; Animals ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology ; Color ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Speciation ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; *Pigmentation/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Flexible learning of multiple speech structures in bilingual infants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: Children acquire their native language according to a well-defined time frame. Surprisingly, although children raised in bilingual environments have to learn roughly twice as much about language as their monolingual peers, the speed of acquisition is comparable in monolinguals and bilinguals. Here, we show that preverbal 12-month-old bilingual infants have become more flexible at learning speech structures than monolinguals. When given the opportunity to simultaneously learn two different regularities, bilingual infants learned both, whereas monolinguals learned only one of them. Hence, bilinguals may acquire two languages in the time in which monolinguals acquire one because they quickly become more flexible learners.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovacs, Agnes Melinda -- Mehler, Jacques -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):611-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1173947. Epub 2009 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati-SISSA, Via Beirut 4, 34014 Trieste, Italy. agneskovacs@mtapi.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Child Language ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; *Learning ; Male ; *Multilingualism ; *Speech Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Recruitment of an area involved in eye movements during mental arithmetic (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Throughout the history of mathematics, concepts of number and space have been tightly intertwined. We tested the hypothesis that cortical circuits for spatial attention contribute to mental arithmetic in humans. We trained a multivariate classifier algorithm to infer the direction of an eye movement, left or right, from the brain activation measured in the posterior parietal cortex. Without further training, the classifier then generalized to an arithmetic task. Its left versus right classification could be used to sort out subtraction versus addition trials, whether performed with symbols or with sets of dots. These findings are consistent with the suggestion that mental arithmetic co-opts parietal circuitry associated with spatial coding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knops, Andre -- Thirion, Bertrand -- Hubbard, Edward M -- Michel, Vincent -- Dehaene, Stanislas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1583-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1171599. Epub 2009 May 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. knops.andre@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Eye Movements/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Recruitment, Neurophysiological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Platelets kill intraerythrocytic malarial parasites and mediate survival to infection (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Platelets play a critical role in the pathogenesis of malarial infections by encouraging the sequestration of infected red blood cells within the cerebral vasculature. But platelets also have well-established roles in innate protection against microbial infections. We found that purified human platelets killed Plasmodium falciparum parasites cultured in red blood cells. Inhibition of platelet function by aspirin and other platelet inhibitors abrogated the lethal effect human platelets exert on P. falciparum parasites. Likewise, platelet-deficient and aspirin-treated mice were more susceptible to death during erythrocytic infection with Plasmodium chabaudi. Both mouse and human platelets bind malarial-infected red cells and kill the parasite within. These results indicate a protective function for platelets in the early stages of erythrocytic infection distinct from their role in cerebral malaria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McMorran, Brendan J -- Marshall, Vikki M -- de Graaf, Carolyn -- Drysdale, Karen E -- Shabbar, Meriam -- Smyth, Gordon K -- Corbin, Jason E -- Alexander, Warren S -- Foote, Simon J -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):797-800. doi: 10.1126/science.1166296.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia. brendan.mcmorran@utas.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Aspirin/pharmacology ; Blood Platelets/metabolism/*physiology ; Erythrocytes/*parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Malaria/*blood/immunology/*parasitology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Plasmodium chabaudi/*growth & development ; Plasmodium falciparum/*growth & development ; Platelet Activation ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Platelet Count ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1 ; Receptors, Thrombopoietin/genetics
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    Basin-scale coherence in phenology of shrimps and phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Climate change could lead to mismatches between the reproductive cycles of marine organisms and their planktonic food. We tested this hypothesis by comparing shrimp (Pandalus borealis) egg hatching times and satellite-derived phytoplankton bloom dynamics throughout the North Atlantic. At large spatial and long temporal (10 years or longer) scales, hatching was correlated with the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom. Annual egg development and hatching times were determined locally by bottom water temperature. We conclude that different populations of P. borealis have adapted to local temperatures and bloom timing, matching egg hatching to food availability under average conditions. This strategy is vulnerable to interannual oceanographic variability and long-term climatic changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koeller, P -- Fuentes-Yaco, C -- Platt, T -- Sathyendranath, S -- Richards, A -- Ouellet, P -- Orr, D -- Skuladottir, U -- Wieland, K -- Savard, L -- Aschan, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):791-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1170987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, B2Y 4A2 Nova Scotia, Canada. koellerp@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Climate ; *Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Ovum/growth & development/physiology ; Pandalidae/*physiology ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; *Seawater
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Diplomacy. U.S. takes steps to use science to improve ties to Muslim world (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):920-1. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5955.920.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Islam ; Middle East ; *Science ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Scientific publishing. Paper retracted following genome data breach (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1486-7. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1486a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Databases, Genetic ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Publishing/*standards ; *Retraction of Publication as Topic ; Substance-Related Disorders/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Out with the old, in with the new? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, Roger -- G0300723/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1617. doi: 10.1126/science.1177267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/ethics ; Embryo Research/*economics/ethics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Certificates should be retired (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hermos, John A -- Spiro, Avron 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1288-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5919.1288c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Confidentiality/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Disclosure/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Subjects/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    U.S. higher education. Minority retention rates in science are sore spot for most universities (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1386-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1386a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Science Disciplines/*education ; California ; Humans ; Maryland ; Mentors ; Minority Groups/*education ; Program Evaluation ; Science/*education ; *Students ; United States ; *Universities/economics
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    Newsmaker interview. Nancy Pelosi: foursquare for science. Interview by Jeffrey Mervis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelosi, Nancy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):24. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5923.24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government ; Mathematics ; *Science/economics/education ; United States
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  • 23
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    Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy with a lentiviral vector in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a severe brain demyelinating disease in boys that is caused by a deficiency in ALD protein, an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter encoded by the ABCD1 gene. ALD progression can be halted by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We initiated a gene therapy trial in two ALD patients for whom there were no matched donors. Autologous CD34+ cells were removed from the patients, genetically corrected ex vivo with a lentiviral vector encoding wild-type ABCD1, and then re-infused into the patients after they had received myeloablative treatment. Over a span of 24 to 30 months of follow-up, we detected polyclonal reconstitution, with 9 to 14% of granulocytes, monocytes, and T and B lymphocytes expressing the ALD protein. These results strongly suggest that hematopoietic stem cells were transduced in the patients. Beginning 14 to 16 months after infusion of the genetically corrected cells, progressive cerebral demyelination in the two patients stopped, a clinical outcome comparable to that achieved by allogeneic HCT. Thus, lentiviral-mediated gene therapy of hematopoietic stem cells can provide clinical benefits in ALD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cartier, Nathalie -- Hacein-Bey-Abina, Salima -- Bartholomae, Cynthia C -- Veres, Gabor -- Schmidt, Manfred -- Kutschera, Ina -- Vidaud, Michel -- Abel, Ulrich -- Dal-Cortivo, Liliane -- Caccavelli, Laure -- Mahlaoui, Nizar -- Kiermer, Veronique -- Mittelstaedt, Denice -- Bellesme, Celine -- Lahlou, Najiba -- Lefrere, Francois -- Blanche, Stephane -- Audit, Muriel -- Payen, Emmanuel -- Leboulch, Philippe -- l'Homme, Bruno -- Bougneres, Pierre -- Von Kalle, Christof -- Fischer, Alain -- Cavazzana-Calvo, Marina -- Aubourg, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):818-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1171242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM UMR745, University Paris-Descartes, 75279 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*genetics ; Adrenoleukodystrophy/genetics/pathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Child ; Disease Progression ; Fatty Acids/blood ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Genetic Vectors ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Hematopoiesis ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology/virology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Microglia/cytology/metabolism ; Myeloablative Agonists/therapeutic use ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Virus Integration
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    Direct evidence for spinal cord involvement in placebo analgesia (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-17
    Description: Placebo analgesia is a prime example of the impact that psychological factors have on pain perception. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human spinal cord to test the hypothesis that placebo analgesia results in a reduction of nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. In line with behavioral data that show decreased pain responses under placebo, pain-related activity in the spinal cord is strongly reduced under placebo. These results provide direct evidence for spinal inhibition as one mechanism of placebo analgesia and highlight that psychological factors can act on the earliest stages of pain processing in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eippert, Falk -- Finsterbusch, Jurgen -- Bingel, Ulrike -- Buchel, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):404. doi: 10.1126/science.1180142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. f.eippert@uke.uni-hamburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Analgesia/*psychology ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lidocaine/therapeutic use ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pain/drug therapy/*psychology ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; *Placebo Effect ; Placebos/*therapeutic use ; Posterior Horn Cells/physiology ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Young Adult
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    Biomedical research. Researchers generally happy with final stem cell rules (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):131. doi: 10.1126/science.325_131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Embryo Research/economics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Registries ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    2010 U.S. budget. Congress takes care of science in quiet finish to a busy year (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1608. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Science ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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    Profile: Ruth Ley. Gut reactions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Diet ; Digestive System/*microbiology ; Ecology/history ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genomics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Metagenome ; *Microbiology/history ; United States
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    Education. Science needs kids with vision (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1190-1. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1190b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Aptitude Tests ; Child ; *Child, Gifted ; *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; *Space Perception
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  • 29
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    Science and the stiumulus. NSF boosts success rates, but at what price? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1181-2. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence
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    High-throughput sequencing of the zebrafish antibody repertoire (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Despite tremendous progress in understanding the nature of the immune system, the full diversity of an organism's antibody repertoire is unknown. We used high-throughput sequencing of the variable domain of the antibody heavy chain from 14 zebrafish to analyze VDJ usage and antibody sequence. Zebrafish were found to use between 50 and 86% of all possible VDJ combinations and shared a similar frequency distribution, with some correlation of VDJ patterns between individuals. Zebrafish antibodies retained a few thousand unique heavy chains that also exhibited a shared frequency distribution. We found evidence of convergence, in which different individuals made the same antibody. This approach provides insight into the breadth of the expressed antibody repertoire and immunological diversity at the level of an individual organism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086368/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086368/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinstein, Joshua A -- Jiang, Ning -- White, Richard A 3rd -- Fisher, Daniel S -- Quake, Stephen R -- DP1 OD000251/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000251-04/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000251-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000251-06/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):807-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1170020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/genetics ; Antibody Diversity ; Base Sequence ; Complementarity Determining Regions/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Joining Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin M/*genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; VDJ Exons ; Zebrafish/genetics/*immunology
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    Predicting elections: child's play! (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: In two experiments, children and adults rated pairs of faces from election races. Naive adults judged a pair on competence; after playing a game, children chose who they would prefer to be captain of their boat. Children's (as well as adults') preferences accurately predicted actual election outcomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antonakis, John -- Dalgas, Olaf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1183. doi: 10.1126/science.1167748.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. john.antonakis@unil.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Choice Behavior ; *Face ; Female ; Forecasting ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physiognomy ; *Politics ; Probability ; Regression Analysis ; Young Adult
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The 2010 census. America's Uncounted Millions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1008-9. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1008.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19460980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Censuses ; Politics ; Statistics as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science and the stiumulus. Shovel-ready science drives DOE decisions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1177-8. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1177.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act/*economics ; Education, Graduate ; Employment ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financing, Government ; Laboratories ; *Research ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The subtle transmission of race bias via televised nonverbal behavior (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: Compared with more explicit racial slurs and statements, biased facial expressions and body language may resist conscious identification and thus produce a hidden social influence. In four studies, we show that race biases can be subtly transmitted via televised nonverbal behavior. Characters on 11 popular television shows exhibited more negative nonverbal behavior toward black than toward status-matched white characters. Critically, exposure to prowhite (versus problack) nonverbal bias increased viewers' bias even though patterns of nonverbal behavior could not be consciously reported. These findings suggest that hidden patterns of televised nonverbal behavior influence bias among viewers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisbuch, Max -- Pauker, Kristin -- Ambady, Nalini -- F32 MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F32MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1711-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA. max.weisbuch@tufts.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Kinesics ; Male ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Television ; United States
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    Science and the stimulus. Science and the stimulus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1176-7. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1176.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act/*economics ; Biomedical Research/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Research/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Increase grants, too (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castellano, Michael J -- Mueller, Kevin E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1498. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Crop and Soil Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. mjc471@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate/*economics ; *Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financing, Government ; *Research Support as Topic ; Science/*education ; *Training Support ; United States ; Universities/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    DICER1 mutations in familial pleuropulmonary blastoma (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare pediatric lung tumor that is often part of an inherited cancer syndrome. PPBs consist of mesenchymal cells that are susceptible to malignant transformation and cysts lined by epithelial cells. In a subset of patients, overgrowth of the cysts by mesenchymal cells leads to sarcoma formation. Here, we show that 11 multiplex PPB families harbor heterozygous germline mutations in DICER1, a gene encoding an endoribonuclease critical to the generation of small noncoding regulatory RNAs. Expression of DICER1 protein was undetectable in the epithelial component of PPB tumors but was retained in the malignant mesenchyme (sarcoma). We hypothesize that loss of DICER1 in the epithelium of the developing lung alters the regulation of diffusible factors that promote mesenchymal proliferation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3098036/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3098036/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, D Ashley -- Ivanovich, Jennifer -- Priest, John R -- Gurnett, Christina A -- Dehner, Louis P -- Desruisseau, David -- Jarzembowski, Jason A -- Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Kathryn A -- Suarez, Brian K -- Whelan, Alison J -- Williams, Gretchen -- Bracamontes, Dawn -- Messinger, Yoav -- Goodfellow, Paul J -- P30 CA091842/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA091842-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA091842-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA143167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL109265/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024992/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):965. doi: 10.1126/science.1174334. Epub 2009 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. dashill@cnmc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DEAD-box RNA Helicases/chemistry/*genetics ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/enzymology/*genetics/pathology ; Male ; Pedigree ; Pulmonary Blastoma/enzymology/*genetics/pathology ; Ribonuclease III/chemistry/*genetics
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    Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performances (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Existing research reports inconsistent findings with regard to the effect of color on cognitive task performances. Some research suggests that blue or green leads to better performances than red; other studies record the opposite. Current work reconciles this discrepancy. We demonstrate that red (versus blue) color induces primarily an avoidance (versus approach) motivation (study 1, n = 69) and that red enhances performance on a detail-oriented task, whereas blue enhances performance on a creative task (studies 2 and 3, n = 208 and 118). Further, we replicate these results in the domains of product design (study 4, n = 42) and persuasive message evaluation (study 5, n = 161) and show that these effects occur outside of individuals' consciousness (study 6, n = 68). We also provide process evidence suggesting that the activation of alternative motivations mediates the effect of color on cognitive task performances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehta, Ravi -- Zhu, Rui Juliet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1226-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1169144. Epub 2009 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, 2053 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Cognition ; *Color ; Creativity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Mental Recall ; Motivation ; *Task Performance and Analysis ; Young Adult
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    Population structure mediates sexual conflict in water striders (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Sexual conflict occurs when males and females act against each others' interest, typically resulting in selection favoring harmful males. We performed laboratory experiments on sexual conflict that both confined individuals in isolated groups, which prevents selection acting counter to this conflict, and provided more naturalistic multigroup population structures. We show that in water striders, aggressive male mating behavior was strongly favored within groups but not favored in a multigroup population when individuals can freely disperse among groups. These observations explain the persistence of less-aggressive males within natural populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eldakar, Omar Tonsi -- Dlugos, Michael J -- Pepper, John W -- Wilson, David Sloan -- 5 K12 GM000708/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K12 GM000708/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):816. doi: 10.1126/science.1180183.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; Female ; Heteroptera/*physiology ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Population Dynamics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    The antidote to bias in research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allison, David B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):522-3. doi: 10.1126/science.326_522b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Conflict of Interest ; Disclosure ; Editorial Policies ; *Information Dissemination ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research/*standards ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Harmonic convergence in the love songs of the dengue vector mosquito (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: The familiar buzz of flying mosquitoes is an important mating signal, with the fundamental frequency of the female's flight tone signaling her presence. In the yellow fever and dengue vector Aedes aegypti, both sexes interact acoustically by shifting their flight tones to match, resulting in a courtship duet. Matching is made not at the fundamental frequency of 400 hertz (female) or 600 hertz (male) but at a shared harmonic of 1200 hertz, which exceeds the previously known upper limit of hearing in mosquitoes. Physiological recordings from Johnston's organ (the mosquito's "ear") reveal sensitivity up to 2000 hertz, consistent with our observed courtship behavior. These findings revise widely accepted limits of acoustic behavior in mosquitoes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847473/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847473/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cator, Lauren J -- Arthur, Ben J -- Harrington, Laura C -- Hoy, Ronald R -- R01 DC000103/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC000103-34/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1077-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1166541. Epub 2009 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*physiology ; *Animal Communication ; Animals ; Auditory Perception ; Dengue/transmission ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Hearing ; Insect Vectors/*physiology ; Male ; Pitch Perception ; Sense Organs/physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Wings, Animal/physiology
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    U.S. science education. Revisions to AP courses expected to have domino effect (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1488-9. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1488.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology/*education ; *Curriculum ; *Educational Measurement ; Science/*education ; United States
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    Cognitive science. Twins may think alike too, MRI brain study suggests (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1658. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5922.1658a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; *Genes ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Siblings ; *Thinking ; Twin Studies as Topic ; *Twins, Monozygotic
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    Neural mechanisms of a genome-wide supported psychosis variant (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: Schizophrenia is a devastating, highly heritable brain disorder of unknown etiology. Recently, the first common genetic variant associated on a genome-wide level with schizophrenia and possibly bipolar disorder was discovered in ZNF804A (rs1344706). We show, by using an imaging genetics approach, that healthy carriers of rs1344706 risk genotypes exhibit no changes in regional activity but pronounced gene dosage-dependent alterations in functional coupling (correlated activity) of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) across hemispheres and with hippocampus, mirroring findings in patients, and abnormal coupling of amygdala. Our findings establish disturbed connectivity as a neurogenetic risk mechanism for psychosis supported by genome-wide association, show that rs1344706 or variation in linkage disequilibrium is functional in human brain, and validate the intermediate phenotype strategy in psychiatry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Esslinger, Christine -- Walter, Henrik -- Kirsch, Peter -- Erk, Susanne -- Schnell, Knut -- Arnold, Claudia -- Haddad, Leila -- Mier, Daniela -- Opitz von Boberfeld, Carola -- Raab, Kyeon -- Witt, Stephanie H -- Rietschel, Marcella -- Cichon, Sven -- Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):605. doi: 10.1126/science.1167768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Affective Symptoms/genetics/physiopathology ; Bipolar Disorder/genetics/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental Processes ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Demography. Chinese men: a rising tide of troublemakers? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1166. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Crime ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Marriage ; *Sex Ratio ; *Social Problems
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    Biomedical research. A first step in relaxing restrictions on stem cell research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1412-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5920.1412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    A gene necessary for reproductive suppression in termites (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: A major transition in evolution is the origin of a division between reproduction and work among individuals. Nowhere is this divide more striking than in social insects, where workers rarely produce offspring even though they are often capable of reproduction should the queen or king die. The molecular mechanisms that control worker reproduction remain largely unknown. We used a combination of behavioral assays and RNA interference (RNAi) to identify a gene required for the reproductive division of labor between the queen and the workers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korb, Judith -- Weil, Tobias -- Hoffmann, Katharina -- Foster, Kevin R -- Rehli, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):758. doi: 10.1126/science.1170660.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Behavioral Biology, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrueck, Germany. judith.korb@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Genes ; Glycoside Hydrolases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Isoptera/enzymology/*genetics/*physiology ; RNA Interference ; Reproduction/genetics ; Social Behavior
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    The time to demand funding (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mello, Craig C -- Walsh, John V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):208. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5911.208a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Personnel ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics
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    Regulatory policy. U.S. panel urges clearer, cleaner role for science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):799. doi: 10.1126/science.325_799b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; *Government Regulation ; *Public Policy ; *Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical policy. Draft stem cell guidelines please many, disappoint some (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):446. doi: 10.1126/science.324_446.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary biology. Melding mammals and molecules to track evolution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1332. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1332.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Newsmaker interview. John Holdren brings more than energy to his role as science adviser. Interview by Jeffrey Mervis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holdren, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):324-5. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5925.324.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Conflict of Interest ; Disclosure ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Nuclear Weapons ; Research ; *Science/education ; Security Measures ; Space Flight ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    GOP must embrace science again (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):461. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5913.461b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Politics ; *Public Policy ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science education. Universities begin to rethink first-year biology courses (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):527. doi: 10.1126/science.325_527a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology/*education ; *Curriculum ; Faculty ; Teaching ; United States ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Reducing the risks of the wildlife trade (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Katherine F -- Behrens, Michael -- Schloegel, Lisa M -- Marano, Nina -- Burgiel, Stas -- Daszak, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1174460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brown University, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Providence, RI 02912, USA. katherine_smith@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Carrier State/veterinary ; *Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data ; Communicable Diseases/transmission/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; Zoonoses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science in the White House (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holdren, John P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):567. doi: 10.1126/science.1174783.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Public Policy ; *Research ; *Science ; *Technology ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    AAAS annual meeting. Will many endangered species recover? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):998-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.998b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Opinion polls. An inside/outside view of U.S. science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):132-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Data Collection ; Greenhouse Effect ; Politics ; *Public Opinion ; Religion and Science ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The transition. Can an ecologist push NOAA up the food chain? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):321. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5912.321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Climate ; Ecology/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Oceans and Seas ; Politics ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Space science. Can a shotgun wedding help NASA and ESA explore the red planet? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1666-7. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5922.1666.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Europe ; Exobiology ; *International Cooperation ; *Mars ; *Space Flight/economics ; Spacecraft ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Altered heterochromatin binding by a hybrid sterility protein in Drosophila sibling species (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-26
    Description: Hybrid sterility of the heterogametic sex is one of the first postzygotic reproductive barriers to evolve during speciation, yet the molecular basis of hybrid sterility is poorly understood. We show that the hybrid male sterility gene Odysseus-site homeobox (OdsH) encodes a protein that localizes to evolutionarily dynamic loci within heterochromatin and leads to their decondensation. In Drosophila mauritiana x Drosophila simulans male hybrids, OdsH from D. mauritiana (OdsHmau) acts as a sterilizing factor by associating with the heterochromatic Y chromosome of D. simulans, whereas D. simulans OdsH (OdsHsim) does not. Characterization of sterile hybrid testes revealed that OdsH abundance and localization in the premeiotic phases of spermatogenesis differ between species. These results reveal that rapid heterochromatin evolution affects the onset of hybrid sterility.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987944/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987944/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bayes, Joshua J -- Malik, Harmit S -- R01 GM074108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074108-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM74108/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1538-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1181756. Epub .〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Chromosomes/metabolism/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Satellite/*metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Fertility ; G2 Phase ; Genetic Speciation ; Heterochromatin/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Meiosis ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spermatocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis/metabolism ; X Chromosome/metabolism ; Y Chromosome/*metabolism/physiology
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    Education. The nation's report card: a vision of large-scale science assessment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Alice C -- Raizen, Senta A -- Shavelson, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1637-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1177780.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. alicefu@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Achievement ; Adolescent ; Biological Science Disciplines/*education ; Child ; Earth Sciences/*education ; *Educational Measurement ; Humans ; Natural Science Disciplines/*education ; United States
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    Space science. NASA, ESA choose king of planets for flagship missions in 2020 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1154. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Costs and Cost Analysis ; Europe ; Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Jupiter ; *Space Flight/economics ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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    S-nitrosylation of Drp1 mediates beta-amyloid-related mitochondrial fission and neuronal injury (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: Mitochondria continuously undergo two opposing processes, fission and fusion. The disruption of this dynamic equilibrium may herald cell injury or death and may contribute to developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Nitric oxide functions as a signaling molecule, but in excess it mediates neuronal injury, in part via mitochondrial fission or fragmentation. However, the underlying mechanism for nitric oxide-induced pathological fission remains unclear. We found that nitric oxide produced in response to beta-amyloid protein, thought to be a key mediator of Alzheimer's disease, triggered mitochondrial fission, synaptic loss, and neuronal damage, in part via S-nitrosylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (forming SNO-Drp1). Preventing nitrosylation of Drp1 by cysteine mutation abrogated these neurotoxic events. SNO-Drp1 is increased in brains of human Alzheimer's disease patients and may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823371/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823371/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Dong-Hyung -- Nakamura, Tomohiro -- Fang, Jianguo -- Cieplak, Piotr -- Godzik, Adam -- Gu, Zezong -- Lipton, Stuart A -- P01 ES016738/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-01/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-010003/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-02/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-020003/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD029587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD029587-16/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD29587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS057096/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS057096-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY005477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY005477-25/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY05477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):102-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1171091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Cysteine/analogs & derivatives/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mitochondria/drug effects/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Neurons/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; S-Nitrosothiols/pharmacology
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    Neuropathology. A late hit for pro football players (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):670-2. doi: 10.1126/science.325_670.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Athletic Injuries/etiology/metabolism/*pathology ; Brain/*pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Brain Concussion ; Brain Injury, Chronic/etiology/metabolism/*pathology ; Football/*injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Post-Concussion Syndrome/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Risk Factors ; Tauopathies/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Time Factors ; tau Proteins/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An optimistic read on digital libraries (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fellows, Jack -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1168-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1168b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Educational Technology ; Financial Support ; *Libraries, Digital/economics/organization & administration/standards ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    U.S. higher education. Report finds no gender bias in faculty hiring, resources (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1250-1. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1250a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Faculty/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Personnel Selection ; *Prejudice ; *Research ; Universities/manpower/statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    National Science Foundation. The money to meet the president's priorities (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1128-9. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1128a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Fellowships and Scholarships/economics ; *Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A spindle assembly checkpoint protein functions in prophase I arrest and prometaphase progression (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Two critical stages of mammalian oocyte regulation are prophase I arrest, which is important for sustaining the oocyte pool, and the progression through meiosis I (MI) to produce fertilizable eggs. We have found that the spindle assembly checkpoint protein BubR1 regulates both stages in mouse oocytes. We show that oocytes depleted of BubR1 cannot sustain prophase I arrest and readily undergo germinal vesicle breakdown, a marker for reentry into MI. BubR1-depleted oocytes then arrest before completing MI, marked by failure of polar body extrusion. Both meiotic defects in BubR1-depleted oocytes are due to reduced activity of the master regulator known as the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), brought about through diminished levels of the APC coactivator Cdh1.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428834/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428834/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Homer, Hayden -- Gui, Liming -- Carroll, John -- 082587/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 082587/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0400530/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):991-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1175326.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oocyte and Embryo Research Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences and Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK. h.homer@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cdc20 Proteins ; Cdh1 Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cyclin B1/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Meiosis/*physiology ; Meiotic Prophase I/*physiology ; Mice ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Prometaphase/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Securin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/metabolism
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    Mutations in the FUS/TLS gene on chromosome 16 cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal degenerative motor neuron disorder. Ten percent of cases are inherited; most involve unidentified genes. We report here 13 mutations in the fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) gene on chromosome 16 that were specific for familial ALS. The FUS/TLS protein binds to RNA, functions in diverse processes, and is normally located predominantly in the nucleus. In contrast, the mutant forms of FUS/TLS accumulated in the cytoplasm of neurons, a pathology that is similar to that of the gene TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43), whose mutations also cause ALS. Neuronal cytoplasmic protein aggregation and defective RNA metabolism thus appear to be common pathogenic mechanisms involved in ALS and possibly in other neurodegenerative disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwiatkowski, T J Jr -- Bosco, D A -- Leclerc, A L -- Tamrazian, E -- Vanderburg, C R -- Russ, C -- Davis, A -- Gilchrist, J -- Kasarskis, E J -- Munsat, T -- Valdmanis, P -- Rouleau, G A -- Hosler, B A -- Cortelli, P -- de Jong, P J -- Yoshinaga, Y -- Haines, J L -- Pericak-Vance, M A -- Yan, J -- Ticozzi, N -- Siddique, T -- McKenna-Yasek, D -- Sapp, P C -- Horvitz, H R -- Landers, J E -- Brown, R H Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1205-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1166066.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. tkwiatkowski@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/*genetics ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Motor Neurons/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Mutation, Missense ; Neurons/metabolism/ultrastructure ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Protein FUS/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spinal Cord/pathology
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    Mutations in two independent pathways are sufficient to create hermaphroditic nematodes (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Although the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans produces self-fertile hermaphrodites, it descended from a male/female species, so hermaphroditism provides a model for the origin of novel traits. In the related species C. remanei, which has only male and female sexes, lowering the activity of tra-2 by RNA interference created XX animals that made spermatids as well as oocytes, but their spermatids could not activate without the addition of male seminal fluid. However, by lowering the expression of both tra-2 and swm-1, a gene that regulates sperm activation in C. elegans, we produced XX animals with active sperm that were self-fertile. Thus, the evolution of hermaphroditism in Caenorhabditis probably required two steps: a mutation in the sex-determination pathway that caused XX spermatogenesis and a mutation that allowed these spermatids to self-activate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldi, Chris -- Cho, Soochin -- Ellis, Ronald E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):1002-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1176013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disorders of Sex Development/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Helminth ; Germ Cells/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Oogenesis ; Ovulation ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Determination Processes ; Spermatids/physiology ; Spermatogenesis
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    Neuroscience. Sleeping to reset overstimulated synapses (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):22. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5923.22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks/genetics ; Brain/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Neurons/physiology ; Sleep/*physiology ; Social Behavior ; Synapses/*physiology
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    U.S. science policy. NSF is keeping it simple (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):319. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5925.319.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/*legislation & ; jurisprudence/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    U.S. science policy. Obama courts a smitten audience at the national academy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):576-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_576a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Public Policy ; *Research ; *Science ; United States
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    A SMART plan for new investigators (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lahiri, Debomoy K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):935-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5955.935-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Faculty ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Mentors ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic/standards ; *Training Support ; United States
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    Paleoanthropology. Bringing hominins back to life (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):136-9. doi: 10.1126/science.325_136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anatomy, Artistic ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Anatomic ; Museums ; Skin Pigmentation
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    Medicine. A history lesson for stem cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, James M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):727-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1174935.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. wilsonjm@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Therapy ; *Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Embryo Research ; *Embryonic Stem Cells/transplantation ; Genetic Therapy ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/transplantation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; United States
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    Microbiology. Mosquitoes cut short (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Andrew F -- Thomas, Matthew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):51-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1168659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. a.read@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/genetics/*microbiology/physiology/virology ; Animals ; Dengue/prevention & control/transmission ; Dengue Virus/*growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/genetics/*microbiology/physiology/virology ; Longevity ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; Virulence ; Wolbachia/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Science careers. Support for tenure-track jobs in biomedical sciences (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benderly, Beryl Lieff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):27. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5923.27a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Career Mobility ; *Faculty ; *Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Personnel Selection ; *Research Personnel ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Science innovation. Assessing the impact of science funding (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lane, Julia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1273-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1175335.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science of Science and Innovation Policy, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA. jlane@nsf.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Diffusion of Innovation ; *Economics ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Public Policy ; *Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Science ; United States
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    U.S. budget. Agencies sweat the details of spending billions more on science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):696-7. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5915.696.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Science in society. China reins in wilder impulses in treatment of 'Internet addiction' (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1630-1. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1630.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Behavior, Addictive/diagnosis/therapy ; China ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; *Internet ; Male
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    Medicine. Racing forward: the Genomics and Personalized Medicine Act (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704487/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704487/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Sandra Soo-Jin -- Mudaliar, Ashwin -- K01 HG002883-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K01 HL72465/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG003389/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):342. doi: 10.1126/science.1165768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1703, USA. sandra.lee@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Genomics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    United States acting to conserve tuna stocks (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balton, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1340-1. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1340b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Fisheries/*legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Pacific Ocean ; *Tuna ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Human substantia nigra neurons encode unexpected financial rewards (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: The brain's sensitivity to unexpected outcomes plays a fundamental role in an organism's ability to adapt and learn new behaviors. Emerging research suggests that midbrain dopaminergic neurons encode these unexpected outcomes. We used microelectrode recordings during deep brain stimulation surgery to study neuronal activity in the human substantia nigra (SN) while patients with Parkinson's disease engaged in a probabilistic learning task motivated by virtual financial rewards. Based on a model of the participants' expected reward, we divided trial outcomes into expected and unexpected gains and losses. SN neurons exhibited significantly higher firing rates after unexpected gains than unexpected losses. No such differences were observed after expected gains and losses. This result provides critical support for the hypothesized role of the SN in human reinforcement learning.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2839450/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2839450/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaghloul, Kareem A -- Blanco, Justin A -- Weidemann, Christoph T -- McGill, Kathryn -- Jaggi, Jurg L -- Baltuch, Gordon H -- Kahana, Michael J -- MH062196/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH61975/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH062196/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH062196-090008/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061975/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061975-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048598/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048598-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1496-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1167342.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. zaghlouk@uphs.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Dopamine/physiology ; Economics ; *Feedback, Psychological ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; Microelectrodes ; Middle Aged ; Models, Psychological ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology/therapy ; Probability ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; *Reward ; Substantia Nigra/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Promoting interest and performance in high school science classes (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: We tested whether classroom activities that encourage students to connect course materials to their lives will increase student motivation and learning. We hypothesized that this effect will be stronger for students who have low expectations of success. In a randomized field experiment with high school students, we found that a relevance intervention, which encouraged students to make connections between their lives and what they were learning in their science courses, increased interest in science and course grades for students with low success expectations. The results have implications for the development of science curricula and theories of motivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulleman, Chris S -- Harackiewicz, Judith M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1410-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1177067.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Graduate Psychology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. hullemcs@jmu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Achievement ; Adolescent ; Biology/*education ; Curriculum ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Motivation ; Natural Science Disciplines/*education ; Regression Analysis ; Science/*education
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A functional role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in spatial pattern separation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: The dentate gyrus (DG) of the mammalian hippocampus is hypothesized to mediate pattern separation-the formation of distinct and orthogonal representations of mnemonic information-and also undergoes neurogenesis throughout life. How neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal function is largely unknown. Using adult mice in which hippocampal neurogenesis was ablated, we found specific impairments in spatial discrimination with two behavioral assays: (i) a spatial navigation radial arm maze task and (ii) a spatial, but non-navigable, task in the mouse touch screen. Mice with ablated neurogenesis were impaired when stimuli were presented with little spatial separation, but not when stimuli were more widely separated in space. Thus, newborn neurons may be necessary for normal pattern separation function in the DG of adult mice.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997634/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997634/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clelland, C D -- Choi, M -- Romberg, C -- Clemenson, G D Jr -- Fragniere, A -- Tyers, P -- Jessberger, S -- Saksida, L M -- Barker, R A -- Gage, F H -- Bussey, T J -- NS-050217/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS050217/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS050217-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):210-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1173215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19590004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cues ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/*physiology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Maze Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Neurogenesis ; Neurons/*physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The vital role of ORWH (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hultgren, Scott -- Goldstein, Jill M -- Delancey, John O L -- Bandstra, Emmalee S -- Brady, Kathleen T -- Brown, Jeanette S -- Deng, Hong-Wen -- Dunaif, Andrea -- Ehrmann, David A -- Mayer, Emeran A -- Sinha, Rajita -- Tobet, Stuart -- Levine, Jon E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1009-10. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.1009c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Occupations ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *Women's Health
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Public trust doctrine: in need of integration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portman, Michelle E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):45; author reply 45-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326_45a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mportman@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Government Regulation ; Legislation as Topic ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Sequential sympatric speciation across trophic levels (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: A major cause for biodiversity may be biodiversity itself. As new species form, they may create new niches for others to exploit, potentially catalyzing a chain reaction of speciation events across trophic levels. We tested for such sequential radiation in the Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) complex, a model for sympatric speciation via host plant shifting. We report that the parasitic wasp Diachasma alloeum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has formed new incipient species as a result of specializing on diversifying fly hosts, including the recently derived apple-infesting race of R. pomonella. Furthermore, we show that traits that differentially adapt R. pomonella flies to their host plants have also quickly evolved and serve as ecological barriers to reproduction, isolating the wasps. Speciation therefore cascades as the effects of new niche construction move across trophic levels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forbes, Andrew A -- Powell, Thomas H Q -- Stelinski, Lukasz L -- Smith, James J -- Feder, Jeffrey L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):776-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1166981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Galvin Life Sciences Building, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. aaforbes@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Cues ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; Fruit ; Gene Flow ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Odors ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Tephritidae/*genetics/growth & development/*parasitology/physiology ; Wasps/*genetics/growth & development/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NSF rethinks its digital library (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):54-8. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5910.54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Child ; Educational Technology ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; *Internet ; *Libraries, Digital/organization & administration/standards/trends ; Mathematics ; Science/*education ; Software ; Teaching ; Teaching Materials ; Technology/education ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Breakdown revisited. Trying to stay afloat (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1604-5. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1604.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; Asia ; *Economics ; Europe ; Financial Management ; Financing, Government ; Research/*economics ; United States ; Universities/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 93
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    Extinction-reconsolidation boundaries: key to persistent attenuation of fear memories (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: Dysregulation of the fear system is at the core of many psychiatric disorders. Much progress has been made in uncovering the neural basis of fear learning through studies in which associative emotional memories are formed by pairing an initially neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS; e.g., a tone) to an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., a shock). Despite recent advances, the question of how to persistently weaken aversive CS-US associations, or dampen traumatic memories in pathological cases, remains a major dilemma. Two paradigms (blockade of reconsolidation and extinction) have been used in the laboratory to reduce acquired fear. Unfortunately, their clinical efficacy is limited: Reconsolidation blockade typically requires potentially toxic drugs, and extinction is not permanent. Here, we describe a behavioral design in which a fear memory in rats is destabilized and reinterpreted as safe by presenting an isolated retrieval trial before an extinction session. This procedure permanently attenuates the fear memory without the use of drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625935/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625935/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monfils, Marie-H -- Cowansage, Kiriana K -- Klann, Eric -- LeDoux, Joseph E -- F31 MH083472/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31 MH083472-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31MH083472/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K05 MH067048/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS034007/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS047384/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH058911/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH046516/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH038774/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):951-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1167975. Epub 2009 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. monfils@mail.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical ; Extinction, Psychological/*physiology ; *Fear ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
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    Putting chemicals on a path to better risk assessment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):694-5. doi: 10.1126/science.325_694.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemical Industry ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Assessment ; Toxicity Tests/economics/*methods/standards ; Toxicology/*methods ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Complete resequencing of 40 genomes reveals domestication events and genes in silkworm (Bombyx) (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: A single-base pair resolution silkworm genetic variation map was constructed from 40 domesticated and wild silkworms, each sequenced to approximately threefold coverage, representing 99.88% of the genome. We identified ~16 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms, many indels, and structural variations. We find that the domesticated silkworms are clearly genetically differentiated from the wild ones, but they have maintained large levels of genetic variability, suggesting a short domestication event involving a large number of individuals. We also identified signals of selection at 354 candidate genes that may have been important during domestication, some of which have enriched expression in the silk gland, midgut, and testis. These data add to our understanding of the domestication processes and may have applications in devising pest control strategies and advancing the use of silkworms as efficient bioreactors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951477/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951477/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Qingyou -- Guo, Yiran -- Zhang, Ze -- Li, Dong -- Xuan, Zhaoling -- Li, Zhuo -- Dai, Fangyin -- Li, Yingrui -- Cheng, Daojun -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Cheng, Tingcai -- Jiang, Tao -- Becquet, Celine -- Xu, Xun -- Liu, Chun -- Zha, Xingfu -- Fan, Wei -- Lin, Ying -- Shen, Yihong -- Jiang, Lan -- Jensen, Jeffrey -- Hellmann, Ines -- Tang, Si -- Zhao, Ping -- Xu, Hanfu -- Yu, Chang -- Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Jun -- Cao, Jianjun -- Liu, Shiping -- He, Ningjia -- Zhou, Yan -- Liu, Hui -- Zhao, Jing -- Ye, Chen -- Du, Zhouhe -- Pan, Guoqing -- Zhao, Aichun -- Shao, Haojing -- Zeng, Wei -- Wu, Ping -- Li, Chunfeng -- Pan, Minhui -- Li, Jingjing -- Yin, Xuyang -- Li, Dawei -- Wang, Juan -- Zheng, Huisong -- Wang, Wen -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Lu, Cheng -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Zhou, Zeyang -- Wang, Jian -- Xiang, Zhonghuai -- Wang, Jun -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003229-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):433-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1176620. Epub 2009 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Sericultural Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bombyx/classification/*genetics ; Digestive System/metabolism ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Insect ; INDEL Mutation ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Principal Component Analysis ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Testis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Polydnaviruses of braconid wasps derive from an ancestral nudivirus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-14
    Description: Many species of parasitoid wasps inject polydnavirus particles in order to manipulate host defenses and development. Because the DNA packaged in these particles encodes almost no viral structural proteins, their relation to viruses has been debated. Characterization of complementary DNAs derived from braconid wasp ovaries identified genes encoding subunits of a viral RNA polymerase and structural components of polydnavirus particles related most closely to those of nudiviruses--a sister group of baculoviruses. The conservation of this viral machinery in different braconid wasp lineages sharing polydnaviruses suggests that parasitoid wasps incorporated a nudivirus-related genome into their own genetic material. We found that the nudiviral genes themselves are no longer packaged but are actively transcribed and produce particles used to deliver genes essential for successful parasitism in lepidopteran hosts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bezier, Annie -- Annaheim, Marc -- Herbiniere, Juline -- Wetterwald, Christoph -- Gyapay, Gabor -- Bernard-Samain, Sylvie -- Wincker, Patrick -- Roditi, Isabel -- Heller, Manfred -- Belghazi, Maya -- Pfister-Wilhem, Rita -- Periquet, Georges -- Dupuy, Catherine -- Huguet, Elisabeth -- Volkoff, Anne-Nathalie -- Lanzrein, Beatrice -- Drezen, Jean-Michel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):926-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1166788.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 6035, Universite Francois Rabelais, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Baculoviridae/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; *DNA, Viral/analysis ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Genome, Insect ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovary/virology ; Polydnaviridae/*genetics/physiology ; Viral Structural Proteins/genetics ; Virion/genetics ; Virus Integration ; Wasps/*virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 97
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    Cell signaling. Aging is RSKy business (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaeberlein, Matt -- Kapahi, Pankaj -- R01 AG031108/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):55-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1181034.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kaeber@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Caloric Restriction ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Longevity/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Subunits ; Ribosomal Protein S6/*metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Retrospective. Paul C. Zamecnik (1912-2009) (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isselbacher, Kurt J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1359. doi: 10.1126/science.1184725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. kisselbacher@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/history ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/history ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Environmental restoration. Obama moves to revitalize Chesapeake Bay restoration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1138-9. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Water Pollution/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Plant pathology. The famine fighter's last battle (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):710-2. doi: 10.1126/science.324_710a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history/methods ; *Basidiomycota ; Breeding ; *Crops, Agricultural/history/microbiology ; Food Supply ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Immunity, Innate ; International Cooperation ; Nobel Prize ; *Plant Diseases/history/microbiology ; *Triticum/microbiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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