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  • American Physical Society (APS)  (74,345)
  • Geological Society of America
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2010-2014  (91,879)
  • 1945-1949  (14,375)
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  • 1
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    Hyaloclastite fragmentation below the glass transition: An example from El Barronal submarine volcanic complex (Spain) (2014)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Submarine felsic volcanoes are dominated by hyaloclastic piles hundreds of meters thick, the origin of which, in terms of how and when they form, is far from being completely understood. Here we present a study of the thermal remanent magnetization of the Miocene high-K dacitic El Barronal hyaloclastites (Cabo de Gata, Spain), showing that their formation is dominated by in situ fragmentation with small or negligible transportation and/or rotation of different clasts after their formation. Data indicate that fragmentation progressed down to 210–390 °C, well below the glass-transition temperature estimated at 560–750 ºC depending on the water content of the high-K dacite. Hence, hyaloclastite fragmentation in thick lavas may occur over most of the cooling history, as a result of the progressive access of sea water toward the lava interior by development of a complex network of contraction fractures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 87-90
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: hyaloclastite ; volcanic fragmentation ; thermal magnetization ; Cabo de Gata ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Climate warming during Antarctic ice sheet expansion at the Middle Miocene transition (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 7(5), pp. 376-381, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-14
    Description: During the Middle Miocene climate transition about 14 million years ago, the Antarctic ice sheet expanded to near-modern volume. Surprisingly, this ice sheet growth was accompanied by a warming in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, whereas a slight deep-water temperature increase was delayed by more than 200 thousand years. Here we use a coupled atmosphere–ocean model to assess the relative effects of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and ice sheet growth on regional and global temperatures. In the simulations, changes in the wind field associated with the growth of the ice sheet induce changes in ocean circulation, deep-water formation and sea-ice cover that result in sea surface warming and deep-water cooling in large swaths of the Atlantic and Indian ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. We interpret these changes as the dominant ocean surface response to a 100-thousand-year phase of massive ice growth in Antarctica. A rise in global annual mean temperatures is also seen in response to increased Antarctic ice surface elevation. In contrast, the longer-term surface and deep-water temperature trends are dominated by changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. We therefore conclude that the climatic and oceanographic impacts of the Miocene expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet are governed by a complex interplay between wind field, ocean circulation and the sea-ice system.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    A shift of thermokarst lakes from carbon sources to sinks during the Holocene epoch (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-17
    Description: Thermokarst lakes formed across vast regions of Siberia and Alaska during the last deglaciation and are thought to be a net source of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide during the Holocene epoch1, 2, 3, 4. However, the same thermokarst lakes can also sequester carbon5, and it remains uncertain whether carbon uptake by thermokarst lakes can offset their greenhouse gas emissions. Here we use field observations of Siberian permafrost exposures, radiocarbon dating and spatial analyses to quantify Holocene carbon stocks and fluxes in lake sediments overlying thawed Pleistocene-aged permafrost. We find that carbon accumulation in deep thermokarst-lake sediments since the last deglaciation is about 1.6 times larger than the mass of Pleistocene-aged permafrost carbon released as greenhouse gases when the lakes first formed. Although methane and carbon dioxide emissions following thaw lead to immediate radiative warming, carbon uptake in peat-rich sediments occurs over millennial timescales. We assess thermokarst-lake carbon feedbacks to climate with an atmospheric perturbation model and find that thermokarst basins switched from a net radiative warming to a net cooling climate effect about 5,000 years ago. High rates of Holocene carbon accumulation in 20 lake sediments (47 ± 10 grams of carbon per square metre per year; mean ± standard error) were driven by thermokarst erosion and deposition of terrestrial organic matter, by nutrient release from thawing permafrost that stimulated lake productivity and by slow decomposition in cold, anoxic lake bottoms. When lakes eventually drained, permafrost formation rapidly sequestered sediment carbon. Our estimate of about 160 petagrams of Holocene organic carbon in deep lake basins of Siberia and Alaska increases the circumpolar peat carbon pool estimate for permafrost regions by over 50 per cent (ref. 6). The carbon in perennially frozen drained lake sediments may become vulnerable to mineralization as permafrost disappears7, 8, 9, potentially negating the climate stabilization provided by thermokarst lakes during the late Holocene.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Abrupt glacial climate shifts controlled by ice sheet changes (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 512(7514), pp. 290-294, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: During glacial periods of the Late Pleistocene, an abundance of proxy data demonstrates the existence of large and repeated millennial-scale warming episodes, known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events1. This ubiquitous feature of rapid glacial climate change can be extended back as far as 800,000 years before present (BP) in the ice core record2, and has drawn broad attention within the science and policy-making communities alike3. Many studies have been dedicated to investigating the underlying causes of these changes, but no coherent mechanism has yet been identified3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Here we show, by using a comprehensive fully coupled model16, that gradual changes in the height of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (NHISs) can alter the coupled atmosphere–ocean system and cause rapid glacial climate shifts closely resembling DO events. The simulated global climate responses—including abrupt warming in the North Atlantic, a northward shift of the tropical rainbelts, and Southern Hemisphere cooling related to the bipolar seesaw—are generally consistent with empirical evidence1, 3, 17. As a result of the coexistence of two glacial ocean circulation states at intermediate heights of the ice sheets, minor changes in the height of the NHISs and the amount of atmospheric CO2 can trigger the rapid climate transitions via a local positive atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice feedback in the North Atlantic. Our results, although based on a single model, thus provide a coherent concept for understanding the recorded millennial-scale variability and abrupt climate changes in the coupled atmosphere–ocean system, as well as their linkages to the volume of the intermediate ice sheets during glacials.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Ups and downs in western Crete (Hellenic subduction zone) (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Studies of past sea-level markers are commonly used to unveil the tectonic history and seismic behavior of subduction zones. We present new evidence on vertical motions of the Hellenic subduction zone as resulting from a suite of Late Pleistocene - Holocene shorelines in western Crete (Greece). Shoreline ages obtained by AMS radiocarbon dating of seashells, together with the reappraisal of shoreline ages from previous works, testify a long-term uplift rate of 2.5-2.7 mm/y. This average value, however, includes periods in which the vertical motions vary significantly: 2.6-3.2 mm/y subsidence rate from 42 ka to 23 ka, followed by ~7.7 mm/y sustained uplift rate from 23 ka to present. The last ~5 ky shows a relatively slower uplift rate of 3.0-3.3 mm/y, yet slightly higher than the long-term average. A preliminary tectonic model attempts at explaining these up and down motions by across-strike partitioning of fault activity in the subduction zone.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5677
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: coastal geomorphology ; tectonic rates ; paleoshorelines ; subduction ; Crete ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Lava flow hazards at Mount Etna: constraints imposed by eruptive history and numerical simulations (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna, going back over 2000 years, it has been possible to construct two hazard maps, one for flank and the other for summit eruptions, allowing a quantitative analysis of the most likely future courses of lava flows. The effective use of hazard maps of Etna may help in minimizing the damage from volcanic eruptions through correct land use in densely urbanized area with a population of almost one million people. Although this study was conducted on Mt. Etna, the approach used is designed to be applicable to other volcanic areas.
    Description: This work was developed within the framework of TecnoLab, the Laboratory for Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3493
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Lava flow hazard ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Continental delamination and mantle dynamics drive topography extension and fl uid discharge in the Apennines (2014)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Apennines belt of Italy undergoes a northeast-trending extension at a rate of a few millimeters per year that generates moderate to large normal-faulting earthquakes. In this paper, we show that seismicity, large earthquakes, strong gas emission, and belt topography all correlate with a broad, low Vp anomaly in the uppermost mantle. We propose that a thermal/fl uid anomaly in the mantle, associated with sub-lithospheric mantle replacement after delamination of the Adria lithosphere, supports the topography of the belt and drives the extensional tectonics. The mantle anomaly is likely caused by deep fl uids coming from the dehydration of the material subducted during the Europe-Adria collision and the delamination of Adria. Beneath the belt, CO2-rich fl uids are accumulated and occasionally discharged during large normal faulting earthquakes. After the replacement of sub-lithospheric mantle, the temperature at the base of the crust increases causing crustal stretching, anatexis, and strong degassing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 715-718
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: mantle anomaly ; Continental delamination ; the Apennines ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Thermal decomposition along natural carbonate faults during earthquakes (2014)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Earthquake slip is facilitated by a number of thermally activated physicochemical processes that are triggered by temperature rise during fast fault motion, i.e., frictional heating. Most of our knowledge on these processes is derived from theoretical and experimental studies. However, additional information can be provided by direct observation of ancient faults exposed at the Earth’s surface. Although fault rock indicators of earthquake processes along ancient faults have been inferred, the only unambiguous and rare evidence of seismic sliding from natural faults is solidifi ed friction melts or pseudotachylytes. Here we document a gamut of natural fault rocks produced by thermally activated processes during earthquake slip. These processes occurred at 2–3 km depth, along a thin (0.3–1.0 mm) principal slip zone of a regional thrust fault that accommodated several kilometers of displacement. In the slip zone, composed of ultrafi ne-grained fault rocks made of calcite and minor clays, we observe the presence of relict calcite and clay, numerous vesicles, poorly crystalline/amorphous phases, and newly formed calcite skeletal crystals. These observations indicate that during earthquake rupture, frictional heating induced calcite decarbonation and phyllosilicate dehydration. These microstructures may be diagnostic for recognizing ancient earthquakes along exhumed faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: 927-930
    Description: 2R. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Thermal decomposition ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Minimal change in Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow speed between the last glacial and Holocene (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 7(2), pp. 113-116, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Description: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is key to the mixing and ventilation of the world’s oceans1, 2, 3, 4, 5. This current flows from west to east between about 45° and 70° S (refs 1, 2, 3) connecting the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, and is driven by westerly winds and buoyancy forcing. High levels of productivity in the current regulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations6. Reconstructions of the current during the last glacial period suggest that flow speeds were faster7 or similar8 to present, and it is uncertain whether the strength and position of the westerly winds changed9, 10, 11. Here we reconstruct Antarctic Circumpolar Current bottom speeds through the constricting Drake Passage and Scotia Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene based on the mean grain size of sortable silt from a suite of sediment cores. We find essentially no change in bottom flow speeds through the region, and, given that the momentum imparted by winds, and modulated by sea-ice cover, is balanced by the interaction of these flows with the seabed, this argues against substantial changes in wind stress. However, glacial flow speeds in the sea-ice zone12 south of 56° S were significantly slower than present, whereas flow in the north was faster, but not significantly so. We suggest that slower flow over the rough topography south of 56° S may have reduced diapycnal mixing in this region during the last glacial period, possibly reducing the diapycnal contribution to the Southern Ocean overturning circulation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Networks from Flows - From Dynamics to Topology (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 4(4119), ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Complex network approaches have recently been applied to continuous spatial dynamical systems, like climate, successfully uncovering the system's interaction structure. However the relationship between the underlying atmospheric or oceanic flow's dynamics and the estimated network measures have remained largely unclear. We bridge this crucial gap in a bottom-up approach and define a continuous analytical analogue of Pearson correlation networks for advection-diffusion dynamics on a background flow. Analysing complex networks of prototypical flows and from time series data of the equatorial Pacific, we find that our analytical model reproduces the most salient features of these networks and thus provides a general foundation of climate networks. The relationships we obtain between velocity field and network measures show that line-like structures of high betweenness mark transition zones in the flow rather than, as previously thought, the propagation of dynamical information.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Identification of photosynthetic plankton communities using sedimentary ancient DNA and their response to late-Holocene climate change on the Tibetan Plateau (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014]. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 6648, doi:10.1038/srep06648.
    Description: Sediments from Tibetan lakes in NW China are potentially sensitive recorders of climate change and its impact on ecosystem function. However, the important plankton members in many Tibetan Lakes do not make and leave microscopically diagnostic features in the sedimentary record. Here we established a taxon-specific molecular approach to specifically identify and quantify sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) of non-fossilized planktonic organisms preserved in a 5-m sediment core from Kusai Lake spanning the last 3100 years. The reliability of the approach was validated with multiple independent genetic markers. Parallel analyses of the geochemistry of the core and paleo-climate proxies revealed that Monsoon strength-driven changes in nutrient availability, temperature, and salinity as well as orbitally-driven changes in light intensity were all responsible for the observed temporal changes in the abundance of two dominant phytoplankton groups in the lake, Synechococcus (cyanobacteria) and Isochrysis (haptophyte algae). Collectively our data show that global and regional climatic events exhibited a strong influence on the paleoecology of phototrophic plankton in Kusai Lake.
    Description: This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41030211 and 41302022), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB808800), and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Nos GBL11410 and GBL11201).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 12
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    Permafrost thawing as a possible source of abrupt carbon release at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 5, pp. 5520, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-13
    Description: One of the most abrupt and yet unexplained past rises in atmospheric CO2 (〉10 p.p.m.v. in two centuries) occurred in quasi-synchrony with abrupt northern hemispheric warming into the Bølling/Allerød, ~14,600 years ago. Here we use a U/Th-dated record of atmospheric Δ14C from Tahiti corals to provide an independent and precise age control for this CO2 rise. We also use model simulations to show that the release of old (nearly 14C-free) carbon can explain these changes in CO2 and Δ14C. The Δ14C record provides an independent constraint on the amount of carbon released (~125 Pg C). We suggest, in line with observations of atmospheric CH4 and terrigenous biomarkers, that thawing permafrost in high northern latitudes could have been the source of carbon, possibly with contribution from flooding of the Siberian continental shelf during meltwater pulse 1A. Our findings highlight the potential of the permafrost carbon reservoir to modulate abrupt climate changes via greenhouse-gas feedbacks.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    Antarctic-wide array of high-resolution ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in 1889 and persists today (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 4, pp. 5848, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Interior Antarctica is among the most remote places on Earth and was thought to be beyond the reach of human impacts when Amundsen and Scott raced to the South Pole in 1911. Here we show detailed measurements from an extensive array of 16 ice cores quantifying substantial toxic heavy metal lead pollution at South Pole and throughout Antarctica by 1889 – beating polar explorers by more than 22 years. Unlike the Arctic where lead pollution peaked in the 1970s, lead pollution in Antarctica was as high in the early 20th century as at any time since industrialization. The similar timing and magnitude of changes in lead deposition across Antarctica, as well as the characteristic isotopic signature of Broken Hill lead found throughout the continent, suggest that this single emission source in southern Australia was responsible for the introduction of lead pollution into Antarctica at the end of the 19th century and remains a significant source today. An estimated 660 t of industrial lead have been deposited over Antarctica during the past 130 years as a result of mid-latitude industrial emissions, with regional-to-global scale circulation likely modulating aerosol concentrations. Despite abatement efforts, significant lead pollution in Antarctica persists into the 21st century.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Virtual finger boosts three-dimensional imaging and microsurgery as well as terabyte volume image visualization and analysis (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4342, doi:10.1038/ncomms5342.
    Description: Three-dimensional (3D) bioimaging, visualization and data analysis are in strong need of powerful 3D exploration techniques. We develop virtual finger (VF) to generate 3D curves, points and regions-of-interest in the 3D space of a volumetric image with a single finger operation, such as a computer mouse stroke, or click or zoom from the 2D-projection plane of an image as visualized with a computer. VF provides efficient methods for acquisition, visualization and analysis of 3D images for roundworm, fruitfly, dragonfly, mouse, rat and human. Specifically, VF enables instant 3D optical zoom-in imaging, 3D free-form optical microsurgery, and 3D visualization and annotation of terabytes of whole-brain image volumes. VF also leads to orders of magnitude better efficiency of automated 3D reconstruction of neurons and similar biostructures over our previous systems. We use VF to generate from images of 1,107 Drosophila GAL4 lines a projectome of a Drosophila brain.
    Description: This work was mainly supported by Howard Hughes Medical Institute. H.P. is currently supported by the Allen Institute for Brain Science. R.W.T. and A.M. were supported by a grant MH071739 (MERIT).
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  • 15
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    Eruption of a deep-sea mud volcano triggers rapid sediment movement (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 5385, doi:10.1038/ncomms6385.
    Description: Submarine mud volcanoes are important sources of methane to the water column. However, the temporal variability of their mud and methane emissions is unknown. Methane emissions were previously proposed to result from a dynamic equilibrium between upward migration and consumption at the seabed by methane-consuming microbes. Here we show non-steady-state situations of vigorous mud movement that are revealed through variations in fluid flow, seabed temperature and seafloor bathymetry. Time series data for pressure, temperature, pH and seafloor photography were collected over 431 days using a benthic observatory at the active Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. We documented 25 pulses of hot subsurface fluids, accompanied by eruptions that changed the landscape of the mud volcano. Four major events triggered rapid sediment uplift of more than a metre in height, substantial lateral flow of muds at average velocities of 0.4 m per day, and significant emissions of methane and CO2 from the seafloor.
    Description: Participation of the Sentry AUV and TETHYS team from WHOI was funded by the Arctic Research Initiative of WHOI’s Ocean and Climate Change Institute and the NASA ASTEP grant NNX09AB76G. Additional funds were made available by the AWI, the Max Planck Society and the DFG METEOR/MERIAN programme, as well as the Leibniz programme to A.B.
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  • 16
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    Intensification of the meridional temperature gradient in the Great Barrier Reef following the Last Glacial Maximum (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4102, doi:10.1038/ncomms5102.
    Description: Tropical south-western Pacific temperatures are of vital importance to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), but the role of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the growth of the GBR since the Last Glacial Maximum remains largely unknown. Here we present records of Sr/Ca and δ18O for Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial corals that show a considerably steeper meridional SST gradient than the present day in the central GBR. We find a 1–2 °C larger temperature decrease between 17° and 20°S about 20,000 to 13,000 years ago. The result is best explained by the northward expansion of cooler subtropical waters due to a weakening of the South Pacific gyre and East Australian Current. Our findings indicate that the GBR experienced substantial meridional temperature change during the last deglaciation, and serve to explain anomalous deglacial drying of northeastern Australia. Overall, the GBR developed through significant SST change and may be more resilient than previously thought.
    Description: Funding was provided by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FE 615/4-1), Australian Research Council (Discovery grant DP1094001), Australia and New Zealand IODP Consortium, Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Natural Environmental Research Council (NE/H014136/1, NE/H014268/1), the Cooperative Research Program of the Center for Advanced Marine Core Research (10B039, 11A013, 11B041), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India (with partial support from DST & ISRO-GBP) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS NEXT-GR031).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 17
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    Counting whales in a challenging, changing environment (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 4170, doi:10.1038/srep04170.
    Description: Estimating abundance of Antarctic minke whales is central to the International Whaling Commission's conservation and management work and understanding impacts of climate change on polar marine ecosystems. Detecting abundance trends is problematic, in part because minke whales are frequently sighted within Antarctic sea ice where navigational safety concerns prevent ships from surveying. Using icebreaker-supported helicopters, we conducted aerial surveys across a gradient of ice conditions to estimate minke whale density in the Weddell Sea. The surveys revealed substantial numbers of whales inside the sea ice. The Antarctic summer sea ice is undergoing rapid regional change in annual extent, distribution, and length of ice-covered season. These trends, along with substantial interannual variability in ice conditions, affect the proportion of whales available to be counted by traditional shipboard surveys. The strong association between whales and the dynamic, changing sea ice requires reexamination of the power to detect trends in whale abundance or predict ecosystem responses to climate change.
    Description: This work received funding from the following institutions: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI); Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (EL & I); German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV); German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU); the Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (Wageningen IMARES); Johann Heinrich von Thu¨nen Institute (Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries); the Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NOW); Research and Technology Centre Westcoast (FTZ) of the University Kiel. RW was funded by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (proposal Nu 253407 (call reference: FP7- PEOPLE-2009-IIF).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    MIxS-BE : a MIxS extension defining a minimum information standard for sequence data from the built environment (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in ISME Journal 8 (2014): 1-3, doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.176.
    Description: The need for metadata standards for microbe sampling in the built environment.
    Description: We would like to thank the Alfred P Sloan Foundation grant FP047325-01-PR for support for this project.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    A reversal of fortunes : climate change ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in Antarctic Peninsula penguins (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5024, doi:10.1038/srep05024.
    Description: Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity. Antarctic ecosystems are no exception. Investigating past species responses to climatic events can distinguish natural from anthropogenic impacts. Climate change produces ‘winners’, species that benefit from these events and ‘losers’, species that decline or become extinct. Using molecular techniques, we assess the demographic history and population structure of Pygoscelis penguins in the Scotia Arc related to climate warming after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). All three pygoscelid penguins responded positively to post-LGM warming by expanding from glacial refugia, with those breeding at higher latitudes expanding most. Northern (Pygoscelis papua papua) and Southern (Pygoscelis papua ellsworthii) gentoo sub-species likely diverged during the LGM. Comparing historical responses with the literature on current trends, we see Southern gentoo penguins are responding to current warming as they did during post-LGM warming, expanding their range southwards. Conversely, Adélie and chinstrap penguins are experiencing a ‘reversal of fortunes’ as they are now declining in the Antarctic Peninsula, the opposite of their response to post-LGM warming. This suggests current climate warming has decoupled historic population responses in the Antarctic Peninsula, favoring generalist gentoo penguins as climate change ‘winners’, while Adélie and chinstrap penguins have become climate change ‘losers’.
    Description: We thank the Zoological Society of London, Quark Expeditions, Exodus Travels ltd., Oceanites, the Holly Hill Charitable Trust, the Charities Advisory Trust and an U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs grant (ANT-0739575) for funding.
    Keywords: Climate-change ecology ; Molecular ecology ; Molecular evolution ; Population genetics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Horizontal eddy energy flux in the world oceans diagnosed from altimetry data (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5316, doi:10.1038/srep05316.
    Description: During the propagation of coherent mesoscale eddies, they directly or indirectly induce many effects and interactions at different scales, implying eddies are actually serving as a kind of energy carrier or energy source for these eddy-related dynamic processes. To quantify this dynamically significant energy flow, the multi-year averaged horizontal eddy energy fluxes (EEFs) were estimated by using satellite altimetry data and a two-layer model based on hydrographic climatology. There is a strong net westward transport of eddy energy estimated at the mean value of ~13.3 GW north of 5°N and ~14.6 GW at the band 5°S ~ 44°S in the Southern Hemisphere. However, poleward of 44°S east-propagating eddies carry their energy eastward with an averaged net flux of ~3.2 GW. If confirmed, it would signify that geostrophic eddies not only contain the most of oceanic kinetic energy (KE), but also carry and spread a significant amount of energy with them.
    Description: This study is supported by Grants XDA11010202, 2011CB403505, 2013CB430303; Projects 41306016, U1033002, 40976021 of NNSFC and LTOZZ1304.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Oceanography : oxygen and climate dynamics (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Climate Change 4 (2014): 862-863, doi:10.1038/nclimate2386.
    Description: Low oxygen levels in tropical oceans shape marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry with climate change expected to expand these regions. Now, a study indicates that regional dynamics control tropical oxygen trends, bucking projected global reductions in ocean oxygen.
    Description: 2015-03-25
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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    Extreme diving behaviour in devil rays links surface waters and the deep ocean (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4274, doi:10.1038/ncomms5274.
    Description: Ecological connections between surface waters and the deep ocean remain poorly studied despite the high biomass of fishes and squids residing at depths beyond the euphotic zone. These animals likely support pelagic food webs containing a suite of predators that include commercially important fishes and marine mammals. Here we deploy pop-up satellite archival transmitting tags on 15 Chilean devil rays (Mobula tarapacana) in the central North Atlantic Ocean, which provide movement patterns of individuals for up to 9 months. Devil rays were considered surface dwellers but our data reveal individuals descending at speeds up to 6.0 m s−1 to depths of almost 2,000 m and water temperatures 〈4 °C. The shape of the dive profiles suggests that the rays are foraging at these depths in deep scattering layers. Our results provide evidence of an important link between predators in the surface ocean and forage species occupying pelagic habitats below the euphotic zone in ocean ecosystems.
    Description: This research was partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/Ministry of Education and Science (FCT/MCTES-MEC) through individual support to P.A. (Cieˆncia 2008/POPH/QREN) and J.F. (SFRH/BPD/66532/2009) and the LARSyS Strategic Project (PEst/OE/EEI/LA00009/2011). This study was support by the US National Science Foundation (OCE 0825148 to S.R.T. and G.B.S.), The Harrison Foundation, Rodney and Elizabeth Berens, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (baseline research funds to M.L.B.) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Antarctic-wide array of high-resolution ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in 1889 and persists today (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5848, doi:10.1038/srep05848.
    Description: Interior Antarctica is among the most remote places on Earth and was thought to be beyond the reach of human impacts when Amundsen and Scott raced to the South Pole in 1911. Here we show detailed measurements from an extensive array of 16 ice cores quantifying substantial toxic heavy metal lead pollution at South Pole and throughout Antarctica by 1889 – beating polar explorers by more than 22 years. Unlike the Arctic where lead pollution peaked in the 1970s, lead pollution in Antarctica was as high in the early 20th century as at any time since industrialization. The similar timing and magnitude of changes in lead deposition across Antarctica, as well as the characteristic isotopic signature of Broken Hill lead found throughout the continent, suggest that this single emission source in southern Australia was responsible for the introduction of lead pollution into Antarctica at the end of the 19th century and remains a significant source today. An estimated 660 t of industrial lead have been deposited over Antarctica during the past 130 years as a result of mid-latitude industrial emissions, with regional-to-global scale circulation likely modulating aerosol concentrations. Despite abatement efforts, significant lead pollution in Antarctica persists into the 21st century.
    Description: This work primarily was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs (research grants 9903744, 0538427, 0538416, 0968391, 1142166, 0632031; instrument grants 0216552, 0421412).
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    How unique was Hurricane Sandy? Sedimentary reconstructions of extreme flooding from New York Harbor (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 7366, doi:10.1038/srep07366.
    Description: The magnitude of flooding in New York City by Hurricane Sandy is commonly believed to be extremely rare, with estimated return periods near or greater than 1000 years. However, the brevity of tide gauge records result in significant uncertainties when estimating the uniqueness of such an event. Here we compare resultant deposition by Hurricane Sandy to earlier storm-induced flood layers in order to extend records of flooding to the city beyond the instrumental dataset. Inversely modeled storm conditions from grain size trends show that a more compact yet more intense hurricane in 1821 CE probably resulted in a similar storm tide and a significantly larger storm surge. Our results indicate the occurrence of additional flood events like Hurricane Sandy in recent centuries, and highlight the inadequacies of the instrumental record in estimating current flood risk by such extreme events.
    Description: Funding for this work was provided by the Hudson River Foundation Expedited Grant #004/12E, the Hudson River Foundation Graduate Fellowship 02–13, the National Science Foundation (RAPID grant #1313859 and instrument and facility support via grant IF-0949313), and the Dalio Explore Fund.
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    Constraining chronology and time-space evolution of Holocene volcanic activity on the Capelo Peninsula (Faial Island, Azores): The paleomagnetic contribution (2014)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-14
    Description: Faial is one of the most volcanically active islands of the Azores Archipelago. Historical eruptions occurred on the Capelo Peninsula (westernmost sector of the island) during A.D. 1672–1673 and more recently in A.D. 1957–1958. The other exposed volcanic products of the peninsula are so far loosely dated within the Holocene. Here, we present a successful attempt to correlate scoria cones and lava flows yielded by the same eruption on the Capelo Peninsula using paleomagnetic data from 31 sites (10 basaltic scoriae, 21 basaltic lava flows). In the investigated products, we recognize at least six prehistoric clusters of volcanic activity, whereas 11 lava sites are correlated with four scoria cones. Dating was conducted by comparing our paleomagnetic directions with relocated Holocene reference curves of the paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field from France and the UK. We find that the studied volcanic rocks exposed on the Capelo Peninsula are younger than previously believed, being entirely formed in the last 8 k.y., and that the activity intensified over the last 3 k.y. Our study confirms that paleomagnetism is a powerful tool for unraveling the chronology and characteristics of Holocene activity at volcanoes where geochronological age constraints are still lacking.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1164–1180
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; lava ; Azores ; historical volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Energies, Vol. 7, Pages 8338-8354: Atmospheric Dispersion of Radioactivity from Nuclear Power Plant Accidents: Global Assessment and Case Study for the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: We estimate the contamination risks from the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides released by severe nuclear power plant accidents using the ECHAM/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) atmospheric chemistry (EMAC) atmospheric chemistry-general circulation model at high resolution (50 km). We present an overview of global risks and also a case study of nuclear power plants that are currently under construction, planned and proposed in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, a region prone to earthquakes. We implemented continuous emissions from each location, making the simplifying assumption that all potential accidents release the same amount of radioactivity. We simulated atmospheric transport and decay, focusing on 137Cs and 131I as proxies for particulate and gaseous radionuclides, respectively. We present risk maps for potential surface layer concentrations, deposition and doses to humans from the inhalation exposure of 131I. The estimated risks exhibit seasonal variability, with the highest surface level concentrations of gaseous radionuclides in the Northern Hemisphere during winter.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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    Forests, Vol. 5, Pages 3087-3106: Dendrochronological Potential in a Semi-Deciduous Rainforest: The Case of Pericopsis elata in Central Africa (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Forests
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: The long-lived pioneer species Pericopsis elata is one of the rare tropical timbers on the list of the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species, supporting the need for accurate and reliable growth data. In one planted and one natural forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo, respectively four and 37 Pericopsis stem disks were collected. The tree-ring series of planted trees were used to confirm annual tree-ring formation. For the natural forest, a tree-ring chronology with 24 stem disks ranged from 1852 up to 2008. This chronology was compared with time-series of local precipitation, resulting in a significant correlation with the second half of the rainy season (September–November). This seasonal precipitation was related with sea surface temperatures of the West Indian Ocean. Higher precipitation during El Niño years corresponded with higher tree-ring indices but differences were not significant. In addition, pointer years were rare and did not have a consistent link with extreme climatic conditions. The existence of annual tree rings encourages further tree-ring analyses of P. elata and other flagship timber species in order to further document climate-growth responses and to provide the long-term framework that is needed for sustainable management planning.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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    IJERPH, Vol. 11, Pages 12969-12982: General Practitioners’ Knowledge and Concern about Electromagnetic Fields (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Our aim is to explore general practitioners’ (GPs’) knowledge about EMF, and to assess whether different knowledge structures are related to the GPs’ concern about EMF. Random samples were drawn from lists of GPs in Germany in 2008. Knowledge about EMF was assessed by seven items. A latent class analysis was conducted to identify latent structures in GPs’ knowledge. Further, the GPs’ concern about EMF health risk was measured using a score comprising six items. The association between GPs’ concern about EMF and their knowledge was analysed using multiple linear regression. In total 435 (response rate 23.3%) GPs participated in the study. Four groups were identified by the latent class analysis: 43.1% of the GPs gave mainly correct answers; 23.7% of the GPs answered low frequency EMF questions correctly; 19.2% answered only the questions relating EMF with health risks, and 14.0% answered mostly “don’t know”. There was no association between GPs’ latent knowledge classes or between the number of correct answers given by the GPs and their EMF concern, whereas the number of incorrect answers was associated with EMF concern. Greater EMF concern in subjects with more incorrect answers suggests paying particular attention to misconceptions regarding EMF in risk communication.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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    IJERPH, Vol. 11, Pages 13035-13046: Occupational Hazards Education for Nursing Staff through Web-Based Learning (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: This study aims to explore the efficiency of using online education as an intervention measure to prevent occupational hazards in a clinical nursing setting. The subjects were 320 female nursing staff from two hospitals in Taiwan. The questionnaire results indicated that the subjects primarily experienced human factor occupational hazards, as well as psychological and social hazards. Specifically, 73.1% and 69.8% of the subjects suffered from poor sleep quality and low back pain, respectively. After web-based learning, the experimental group had higher post-test scores than the control group in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). However, there was only a significant difference (p 〈 0.05) in their knowledge about the prevention of occupational hazards. It is suggested that an online discussion may enhance nursing staff’s participation in web-based learning, and further facilitate their comments on negative factors. The findings can highly promote nursing staff’s attitudes and practices toward preventing occupational hazards through web-based learning.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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    IJERPH, Vol. 11, Pages 12915-12926: Rat Lung Response to PM2.5 Exposure under Different Cold Stresses (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Ambient particulate matters and temperature were reported to have additive effects over the respiratory disease hospital admissions and deaths. The purpose of this study is to discuss the interactive pulmonary toxicities of cold stress and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure by estimating inflammation and oxidative stress responses. 48 Wistar male rats, matched by weight and age, were randomly assigned to six groups, which were treated with cold stress alone (0 °C, 10 °C, and 20 °C (Normal control)) and cold stresses plus PM2.5 exposures respectively. Cold stress alone groups were intratracheal instillation of 0.25 mL normal saline, while cold stress plus PM2.5 exposure groups were intratracheal instillation of 8 mg/0.25 mL PM2.5. These procedures were carried out for three times with an interval of 48 hours for each treatment. All rats were sacrificed after 48 hours of the third treatment. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for analyzing inflammatory cells and cytokines, and lung homogenate MDA was determined for oxidative stress estimation. Results showed higher level of total cell and neutrophil in the BALF of PM2.5 exposed groups (p 〈 0.05). Negative relationships between cold stress intensity and the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in BALF were indicated in PM2.5 exposure groups. Exposure to cold stress alone caused significant increase of inflammatory cytokines and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and decline of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity only in 0 °C exposure group (p 〈 0.05). The two-way ANOVA found significant interactive effects between PM2.5 exposure and cold stress in the level of neutrophil, IL-6 and IL-8 and SOD activity (p 〈 0.05). These data demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress involved in the additive effect of PM2.5 exposure and cold stress on pulmonary toxicity, providing explanation for epidemiological studies on the health effect of ambient PM2.5 and cold stress.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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    IJERPH, Vol. 11, Pages 12896-12914: A Health Impact Assessment Framework for Assessing Vulnerability and Adaptation Planning for Climate Change (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: This paper presents a detailed description of an approach designed to investigate the application of the Health Impact Assessment (HIA) framework to assess the potential health impacts of climate change. A HIA framework has been combined with key climate change terminology and concepts. The fundamental premise of this framework is an understanding of the interactions between people, the environment and climate. The diversity and complexity of these interactions can hinder much needed action on the critical health issue of climate change. The objectives of the framework are to improve the methodology for understanding and assessing the risks associated with potential health impacts of climate change, and to provide decision-makers with information that can facilitate the development of effective adaptation plans. While the process presented here provides guidance with respect to this task it is not intended to be prescriptive. As such, aspects of the process can be amended to suit the scope and available resources of each project. A series of working tables has been developed to assist in the collation of evidence throughout the process. The framework has been tested in a number of locations including Western Australia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Nauru.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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    Exact results for models of multichannel quantum nonadiabatic transitions (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): N. A. Sinitsyn We consider nonadiabatic transitions in explicitly time-dependent systems with Hamiltonians of the form Ĥ(t)=Â+B̂t+Ĉ/t, where t is time and Â, B̂, Ĉ are Hermitian N×N matrices. We show that in any model of this type, scattering matrix elements satisfy nontrivial exact constraints that follow fr... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 062509] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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    Parameter estimation in memory-assisted noisy quantum interferometry (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): P. Szańkowski, M. Trippenbach, and J. Chwedeńczuk We demonstrate that memory in an N-qubit system subjected to decoherence, is a potential resource for the slowdown of the entanglement decay. We show that this effect can be used to retain the sub-shot-noise sensitivity of the parameter estimation in quantum interferometry. We calculate quantum Fish... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 063619] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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    Collisional trap losses of cold magnetically trapped Br atoms (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): J. Lam, C. J. Rennick, and T. P. Softley Near-threshold photodissociation of Br 2 from a supersonic beam produces slow bromine atoms that are trapped in the magnetic-field minimum formed between two opposing permanent magnets. Here we quantify the dominant trap-loss rate due to collisions with two sources of residual gas: the background lim... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 063419] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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    Quantum phase transition with a simple variational ansatz (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Y. Lutsyshyn, G. E. Astrakharchik, C. Cazorla, and J. Boronat We study the zero-temperature quantum phase transition between liquid and hcp solid 4 He. We use the variational method with a simple yet exchange-symmetric and fully explicit wave function. It is found that the optimized wave function undergoes spontaneous symmetry breaking and describes the quantum... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 214512] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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    Meissner and mesoscopic superconducting states in 1–4 unit-cell FeSe films (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): L. Z. Deng, B. Lv, Z. Wu, Y. Y. Xue, W. H. Zhang, F. S. Li, L. L. Wang, X. C. Ma, Q. K. Xue, and C. W. Chu We report a detailed investigation on the superconductivity in eight 1–4 unit-cell (UC) FeSe films on SrTiO 3 substrates by measuring their magnetization and sheet resistance in a field between 5×10 −2 and 7×10 4  Oe over the last one and a half years as a function of temperature and frequency, from 2 t... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 214513] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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    Cluster algorithm for Monte Carlo simulations of spin ice (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Hiromi Otsuka We present an algorithm for Monte Carlo simulations of a nearest-neighbor spin-ice model based on its cluster representation. To assess its performance, we estimate a relaxation time, and find that, in contrast to the Metropolis algorithm, our algorithm does not develop spin freezing. Also, to demon... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 220406] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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    Relative phase control over tunneling ionization of H_{2}^{+} with a synthesized ω-2ω laser pulse (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Hongbin Yao, Wei Guo, Mark R. Hoffmann, and Keli Han We demonstrate an efficient scheme for controlling the tunneling ionization of a H 2 + molecular ion. Our scheme is based on the idea that the tunneling ionization rate is highly dependent on the instantaneous magnitude of the electric field. By manipulating the relative phase of the synthesized 5-fs,... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 063418] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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    High-fidelity quantum memory utilizing inhomogeneous nuclear polarization in a quantum dot (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Wenkui Ding, Anqi Shi, J. Q. You, and Wenxian Zhang We numerically investigate the encoding and retrieval processes for quantum memory realized in a semiconductor quantum dot by focusing on the effect of inhomogeneously polarized nuclear spins whose polarization depends on the local hyperfine coupling strength. We find that the performance of quantum... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 235421] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
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  • 40
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    Unitary evolution and the distinguishability of quantum states (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Sam Morley-Short, Lawrence Rosenfeld, and Pieter Kok The study of quantum systems evolving from initial states to distinguishable, orthogonal final states is important for information processing applications such as quantum computing and quantum metrology. However, for most unitary evolutions and initial states the system does not evolve to an orthogo... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 062116] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Fundamental concepts
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    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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  • 41
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    Markovian evolution of strongly coupled harmonic oscillators (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Chaitanya Joshi, Patrik Öhberg, James D. Cresser, and Erika Andersson We investigate how to model Markovian evolution of coupled harmonic oscillators, each of them interacting with a local environment. When the coupling between the oscillators is weak, dissipation may be modeled using local Lindblad terms for each of the oscillators in the master equation, as is commo... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 063815] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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  • 42
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    Superfluidity and solid order in a two-component Bose gas with dipolar interactions in an optical lattice (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Yoshihito Kuno, Keita Suzuki, and Ikuo Ichinose In this paper, we study an extended bosonic t-J model in an optical lattice, which describes two-component hard-core bosons with nearest-neighbor pseudospin interactions and, also, inter- and intraspecies dipole-dipole interactions. In particular, we focus on the case in which two-component hard-cor... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 063620] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
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    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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  • 43
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    Hierarchical stripe phases in IrTe_{2} driven by competition between Ir dimerization and Te bonding (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Jixia Dai, Kristjan Haule, J. J. Yang, Y. S. Oh, S-W. Cheong, and Weida Wu Layered 5d transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) IrTe 2 is distinguished from the traditional TMDs (such as NbSe 2 ) by the existence of multiple charge-density wave (CDW)-like stripe phases and superconductivity at low temperatures. Despite intensive studies, there is still no consensus on the physica... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 235121] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    Aperiodic compression and reconstruction of real-world material systems based on Wang tiles (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Martin Doškář, Jan Novák, and Jan Zeman The paper presents a concept to compress and synthesize complex material morphologies that is based on Wang tilings. Specifically, a microstructure is stored in a set of Wang tiles and its reconstruction is performed by means of a stochastic tiling algorithm. A substantial part of the study is devot... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 062118] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Statistical Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
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  • 45
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    Isgur-Wise functions and unitary representations of the Lorentz group: The meson case with j=1/2 light cloud (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): A. Le Yaouanc, L. Oliver, and J.-C. Raynal We pursue the group-theoretical method to study Isgur-Wise (IW) functions. We extend the general formalism, formerly applied to the baryon case j P =0 + (for Λ b →Λ c ℓν̅ ℓ ), to mesons with j P =1/2 - , i.e. B̅ →D(D (*) )ℓν. In this case, which is more involved from the angular momentum point of vi... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 114016] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Strong Interactions
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  • 46
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    Effect of direct bubble-bubble interactions on linear-wave propagation in bubbly liquids (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): D. Fuster, J. M. Conoir, and T. Colonius We study the influence of bubble-bubble interactions on the propagation of linear acoustic waves in bubbly liquids. Using the full model proposed by Fuster and Colonius [J. Fluid Mech. 688 , 253 (2011)JFLSA710.1017/jfm.2011.380], numerical simulations reveal that direct bubble-bubble interactions hav... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 063010] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Fluid Dynamics
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  • 47
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    Effect of hole doping on the magnetism of point defects in graphene: A theoretical study (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Felix Yndurain Using ab initio methods based on the density functional theory, we study the magnetic properties of different point defects in graphene. We consider separately, atomic hydrogen, atomic fluorine, and single vacancies. The three defects have completely different magnetic properties. A local spin one-h... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 245420] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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  • 48
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    Single-sided Marchenko focusing of compressional and shear waves (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Kees Wapenaar In time-reversal acoustics, waves recorded at the boundary of a strongly scattering medium are sent back into the medium to focus at the original source position. This requires that the medium can be accessed from all sides. We discuss a focusing method for media that can be accessed from one side o... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 063202] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Classical Physics
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  • 49
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    Standard Rulers, Candles, and Clocks from the Low-Redshift Universe (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Alan Heavens, Raul Jimenez, and Licia Verde A measure of how galaxies are spatially distributed can be determined in a new, more robust way. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 241302] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Gravitation and Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
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    Holographic p-wave superfluid (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Ya-Bo Wu, Jun-Wang Lu, Wen-Xin Zhang, Cheng-Yuan Zhang, Jian-Bo Lu, and Fang Yu In the probe limit, we numerically construct a holographic p-wave superfluid model in the four-dimensional (4D) and five-dimensional (5D) anti-de Sitter black holes coupled to a Maxwell-complex vector field. We find that, for the condensate with the fixed superfluid velocity, the results are similar... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 126006] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: String Theory
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    Complexity and shock wave geometries (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): Douglas Stanford and Leonard Susskind In this paper we refine a conjecture relating the time-dependent size of an Einstein-Rosen bridge (ERB) to the computational complexity of the dual quantum state. Our refinement states that the complexity is proportional to the spatial volume of the ERB. More precisely, up to an ambiguous numerical ... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 126007] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: String Theory
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    Breakdown of the Dipole Approximation in Strong-Field Ionization (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): A. Ludwig, J. Maurer, B. W. Mayer, C. R. Phillips, L. Gallmann, and U. Keller We report the breakdown of the electric dipole approximation in the long-wavelength limit in strong-field ionization with linearly polarized few-cycle mid-infrared laser pulses at intensities on the order of 10 13   W/cm 2 . Photoelectron momentum distributions were recorded by velocity map imaging and ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 243001] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
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    Many-Body Localization in Dipolar Systems (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Author(s): N. Y. Yao, C. R. Laumann, S. Gopalakrishnan, M. Knap, M. Müller, E. A. Demler, and M. D. Lukin Systems of strongly interacting dipoles offer an attractive platform to study many-body localized phases, owing to their long coherence times and strong interactions. We explore conditions under which such localized phases persist in the presence of power-law interactions and supplement our analytic... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 243002] Published Thu Dec 11, 2014
    Keywords: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
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    Water, Vol. 6, Pages 3888-3912: Application of Displacement Height and Surface Roughness Length to Determination Boundary Layer Development Length over Stepped Spillway (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: One of the most uncertain parameters in stepped spillway design is the length (from the crest) of boundary layer development. The normal velocity profiles responding to the steps as bed roughness are investigated in the developing non-aerated flow region. A detailed analysis of the logarithmic vertical velocity profiles on stepped spillways is conducted through experimental data to verify the computational code and numerical experiments to expand the data available. To determine development length, the hydraulic roughness and displacement thickness, along with the shear velocity, are needed. This includes determining displacement height d and surface roughness length z0 and the relationship of d and z0 to the step geometry. The results show that the hydraulic roughness height ks is the primary factor on which d and z0 depend. In different step height, step width, discharge and intake Froude number, the relations d/ks = 0.22–0.27, z0/ks = 0.06–0.1 and d/z0 = 2.2–4 result in a good estimate. Using the computational code and numerical experiments, air inception will occur over stepped spillway flow as long as the Bauer-defined boundary layer thickness is between 0.72 and 0.79.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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    Water, Vol. 6, Pages 3913-3933: Dimensionless Analysis for Designing Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems at the Regional Level in Northern Taiwan (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: A regional-level and dimensionless analysis for designing a domestic rainwater harvesting system (DRWHS) was developed. To consider various combinations of water demand, storage capacity, effective roof area, and rainfall in DRWHS design, two dimensionless ratios were used, namely, demand fraction and storage fraction, along with a relationship between the two ratios. Firstly, Northern Taiwan was divided into four sub-regions through cluster analysis based on the average annual 10-day rainfall distribution at rainfall stations and administrative districts. Easy-to-use dimensionless curves between demand fraction and storage fraction were obtained for five rainwater supply reliabilities of the DRWHS for the four sub-regions. Based on the dimensionless curves, a nomogram was constructed for designing DRWHSs at a rainwater supply reliability of 95% in the sub-region I. Storage capacities determined from the dimensionless curves showed a close fit with those determined from simulated values, but were larger than the values estimated from the method presented in the Green Building Evaluation Manual in most situations. The methodology developed herein can be used effectively for the preliminary design of a DRWHS and for overcoming the difficulties faced in designing a DRWHS without rainfall data and with incomplete rainfall data.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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    Carbon defects as sources of the green and yellow luminescence bands in undoped GaN (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): M. A. Reshchikov, D. O. Demchenko, A. Usikov, H. Helava, and Yu. Makarov In high-purity GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy, the commonly observed yellow luminescence (YL) band gives way to a green luminescence (GL) band at high excitation intensity. We propose that the GL band with a maximum at 2.4 eV is caused by transitions of electrons from the conduction band t... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 235203] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
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    Study of the process e^{+}e^{-}→nn[over ¯] at the VEPP-2000 e^{+}e^{-} collider with the SND detector (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): M. N. Achasov et al. The process e + e - →nn̅ has been studied at the VEPP-2000 e + e - collider with the SND detector in the energy range from threshold up to 2 GeV. As a result of the experiment, the e + e - →nn̅ cross section and effective neutron form factor have been measured. [Phys. Rev. D 90, 112007] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Particle Experiment
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    Angular analysis of polarized top quark decay into B mesons in two different helicity systems (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): S. Mohammad Moosavi Nejad and Mahboobe Balali We calculate the O (α s ) radiative corrections to the spin-dependent differential decay rates of the process t→b+W + . These are needed to study the angular distribution of the energy of hadrons produced in polarized top quark decays at next-to-leading order. In our previous work, we studied the angular... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 114017] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Strong Interactions
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    Unveiling the structural origin of the high carrier mobility of a molecular monolayer on boron nitride (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): Rui Xu, Daowei He, Yuhan Zhang, Bing Wu, Fengyuan Liu, Lan Meng, Jun-Fang Liu, Qisheng Wu, Yi Shi, Jinlan Wang, Jia-Cai Nie, Xinran Wang, and Lin He Very recently, it was demonstrated that the carrier mobility of a molecular monolayer dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene (C 8 -BTBT) on boron nitride can reach 10 cm 2 /Vs, the highest among the previously reported monolayer molecular field-effect transistors. Here we show that the high-quality single cry... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 224106] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
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    Erratum: Measurement of the inclusive semileptonic branching fraction B(B_{s}^{0}→X^{−}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ}) at Belle [Phys. Rev. D 87, 072008 (2013)] (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): C. Oswald et al. (Belle Collaboration) [Phys. Rev. D 90, 119901] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Errata
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    Lattice simulations with eight flavors of domain wall fermions in SU(3) gauge theory (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): T. Appelquist, R. C. Brower, G. T. Fleming, J. Kiskis, M. F. Lin, E. T. Neil, J. C. Osborn, C. Rebbi, E. Rinaldi, D. Schaich, C. Schroeder, S. Syritsyn, G. Voronov, P. Vranas, E. Weinberg, and O. Witzel (Lattice Strong Dynamics (LSD) Collaboration) We study an SU(3) gauge theory with N f =8 degenerate flavors of light fermions in the fundamental representation. Using the domain wall fermion formulation, we investigate the light hadron spectrum, chiral condensate ⟨ψ̅ ψ⟩ and electroweak S parameter. We consider a range of light fermion mass... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 114502] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Lattice Methods
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    Borromean structures in medium-heavy nuclei (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): D. Hove, D. V. Fedorov, H. O. U. Fynbo, A. S. Jensen, K. Riisager, N. T. Zinner, and E. Garrido Borromean nuclear cluster structures are expected at the corresponding drip lines. We locate the regions in the nuclear chart with the most promising constituents, it being protons and α particles and investigate in details the properties of the possible Borromean two-α systems in medium-heavy nucle... [Phys. Rev. C 90, 064311] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Nuclear Structure
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    Intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation of ^{104}Sn: Moderate E2 strength decrease approaching ^{100}Sn (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): P. Doornenbal et al. The reduced transition probability B(E2)↑ of the first excited 2 + state in the nucleus 104 Sn was measured via Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics at intermediate energies. A value of 0.173(28) e 2 b 2 was extracted from the absolute cross section on a Pb target. Feeding contributions in 104 Sn from... [Phys. Rev. C 90, 061302] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Nuclear Structure
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    Prompt neutron multiplicity in correlation with fragments from spontaneous fission of ^{252}Cf (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): A. Göök, F.-J. Hambsch, and M. Vidali The spontaneous fission of 252 Cf serves as an excellent benchmark of prompt emission in fission since experimental data can be obtained without the need of an incident beam. With the purpose of providing experimental data on the prompt fission neutron properties in correlation with fission-fragment ... [Phys. Rev. C 90, 064611] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
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    Dynamics and cosmological constraints on Brans-Dicke cosmology (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): Orest Hrycyna, Marek Szydłowski, and Michał Kamionka We investigate observational constraints on the Brans-Dicke cosmological model using observational data coming from distant supernovae type Ia, the Hubble function H(z) measurements, information coming from the Alcock-Paczyński test, and baryon acoustic oscillations. Our analysis is based on the mod... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 124040] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: General Relativity and Gravitation
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    Glashow resonance as a window into cosmic neutrino sources (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): V. Barger, Lingjun Fu, J. G. Learned, D. Marfatia, S. Pakvasa, and T. J. Weiler The Glashow resonance at E ν =6.3  PeV is a measure of the ν̅ e content of the astrophysical neutrino flux. The fractional ν̅ e content depends on the neutrino production model at the cosmic neutrino source, and the environment at the source. Thus, the strength of the Glashow resonance e... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 121301] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Astrophysics & Cosmology
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    Regularized cosmological power spectrum and correlation function in modified gravity models (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): Atsushi Taruya, Takahiro Nishimichi, Francis Bernardeau, Takashi Hiramatsu, and Kazuya Koyama Based on the multipoint propagator expansion, we present resummed perturbative calculations for cosmological power spectra and correlation functions in the context of modified gravity. In a wide class of modified gravity models that have a screening mechanism to recover general relativity (GR) on sm... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 123515] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Multiparticle processes and tamed ultraviolet divergences (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): Victor T. Kim and Grigorii B. Pivovarov A new approach to computing the amplitudes of multiparticle processes in renormalizable quantum field theories is presented. Its major feature is a separation of the renormalization from the computation. Within the suggested approach, new computational rules are formulated. According to the new rule... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 125009] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Field Theory, Formal Particle Theory
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
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  • 69
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    Dynamical collisional energy loss and transport properties of on- and off-shell heavy quarks in vacuum and in the quark gluon plasma (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): H. Berrehrah, P. B. Gossiaux, J. Aichelin, W. Cassing, and E. Bratkovskaya In this study we evaluate the dynamical collisional energy loss of heavy quarks, their interaction rate, as well as the different transport coefficients (drag and diffusion coefficients, q̂, etc). We calculate these different quantities for (i) perturbative partons (on-shell particles in the vacuum ... [Phys. Rev. C 90, 064906] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
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  • 70
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    Nonequilibrium density matrix in quantum open systems: Generalization for simultaneous heat and charge steady-state transport (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): H. Ness We suggest a generalization of the expression of the nonequilibrium (NE) density matrix obtained by Hershfield's method for the cases where both heat and charge steady-state currents are present in a quantum open system. The finite-size quantum system, connected to two temperature and particle reser... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 062119] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Statistical Physics
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  • 71
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    Discussion on possible effects of the Barbero-Immirzi parameter at the TeV-scale particle physics (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): N. Panza, H. Rodrigues, D. Cocuroci, and J. A. Helayël-Neto In this paper, we analyze a curvature- and torsion-square quantum gravity action with an additional Holst term minimally coupled to a massive Dirac field in four dimensions. The main purpose here is to try to estimate and compare the value of the Barbero-Immirzi parameter with its currently known re... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 125007] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Field Theory, Formal Particle Theory
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  • 72
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    Capturing the Landauer bound through the application of a detailed Jarzynski equality for entropic memory erasure (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Author(s): Moupriya Das The states of an overdamped Brownian particle confined in a two-dimensional bilobal enclosure are considered to correspond to two binary values: 0 (left lobe) and 1 (right lobe). An ensemble of such particles represents bits of entropic information. An external bias is applied on the particles, equa... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 062120] Published Fri Dec 12, 2014
    Keywords: Statistical Physics
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  • 73
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    Forests, Vol. 5, Pages 3222-3240: Comparison of Three Ideal Point-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Methods for Afforestation Planning (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Forests
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Three ideal point-based multi-criteria decision methods (MCDM), i.e., iterative ideal point thresholding (IIPT), compromise programming (CP) and a newly-proposed CP variant, called balanced compromise programming (BCP), were applied to the Tabacay catchment in Ecuador with the aim of finding a distribution of land use types (LUT) that optimizes regional land performance. This performance was expressed in terms of several conflicting on-site ecosystem services (ESS), namely water conservation, soil protection, carbon storage and monetary income. IIPT selects the best performing LUT on a per-land unit basis, that is the assignment of a LUT to a land unit is completely independent with respect to other land units. CP and BCP, on the other hand, aim at optimizing the integrated regional performance. These methods produce a LUT distribution that is as close as possible to the absolute optimal performance that would be achieved when conflict among ESS is not considered. In general, similar results were obtained with CP and BCP. This was not the case when the results produced by these two methods were contrasted with IIPT. For most ESS under consideration, CP and BCP produced balanced results that were closer to the absolute optimal values when compared to IIPT. We conclude from our results that, when optimization of land performance at a regional scale is at stake, CP-derived models emerge as the preferable option over IIPT, especially when balanced solutions are a requirement.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 74
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    Forests, Vol. 5, Pages 3241-3256: Simulation of Quaking Aspen Potential Fire Behavior in Northern Utah, USA (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Forests
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Current understanding of aspen fire ecology in western North America includes the paradoxical characterization that aspen-dominated stands, although often regenerated following fire, are “fire-proof”. We tested this idea by predicting potential fire behavior across a gradient of aspen dominance in northern Utah using the Forest Vegetation Simulator and the Fire and Fuels Extension. The wind speeds necessary for crowning (crown-to-crown fire spread) and torching (surface to crown fire spread) were evaluated to test the hypothesis that predicted fire behavior is influenced by the proportion of aspen in the stand. Results showed a strong effect of species composition on crowning, but only under moderate fire weather, where aspen-dominated stands were unlikely to crown or torch. Although rarely observed in actual fires, conifer-dominated stands were likely to crown but not to torch, an example of “hysteresis” in crown fire behavior. Results support the hypothesis that potential crown fire behavior varies across a gradient of aspen dominance and fire weather, where it was likely under extreme and severe fire weather, and unlikely under moderate and high fire weather. Furthermore, the “fire-proof” nature of aspen stands broke down across the gradient of aspen dominance and fire weather.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 75
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    Uncertainty relation for mutual information (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): James Schneeloch, Curtis J. Broadbent, and John C. Howell We postulate the existence of a universal uncertainty relation between the quantum and classical mutual informations between pairs of quantum systems. Specifically, we propose that the sum of the classical mutual information, determined by two mutually unbiased pairs of observables, never exceeds th... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 062119] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Fundamental concepts
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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  • 76
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    Differential cross sections for single ionization of Li in collisions with fast protons and O^{8+} ions (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): L. Gulyás, S. Egri, and T. Kirchner We study the process of single ionization of Li in collisions with H + and O 8+ projectile ions at 6-MeV and 1.5-MeV/amu impact energies, respectively. Using the frameworks of the independent-electron model and the impact parameter picture, fully (FDCS) and doubly (DDCS) differential cross sections ar... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 062710] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular collisions and interactions
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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  • 77
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    Propagation of nanofiber-guided light through an array of atoms (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Fam Le Kien and A. Rauschenbeutel We study the propagation of nanofiber-guided light through an array of atomic cesium, taking into account the transitions between the hyperfine levels 6S 1/2 F=4 and 6P 3/2 F ′ =5 of the D 2 line. We derive the coupled-mode propagation equation, the input-output equation, the scattering matrix, the transfe... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 063816] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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  • 78
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    Universal scaling of the critical temperature for thin films near the superconducting-to-insulating transition (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Yachin Ivry, Chung-Soo Kim, Andrew E. Dane, Domenico De Fazio, Adam N. McCaughan, Kristen A. Sunter, Qingyuan Zhao, and Karl K. Berggren Thin superconducting films form a unique platform for geometrically confined, strongly interacting electrons. They allow an inherent competition between disorder and superconductivity, which in turn enables the intriguing superconducting-to-insulating transition and is believed to facilitate the com... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 214515] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
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  • 79
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    Interaction of localized surface plasmons with chiral molecules (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): T. J. Davis and D. E. Gómez A complete theoretical methodology of the interactions between chiral molecules and the evanescent fields of localized surface plasmons generated in a metallic nanostructure of arbitrary shape. The calculations confirm various previous results on the enhancement of the absorption of light and subsequent circular dichroism by surface plasmons. They also predict a chirality-dependent absorption arising from the metallic nanostructure illuminated with linearly polarized light. [Phys. Rev. B 90, 235424] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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  • 80
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    Time reversal symmetry broken fractional topological phases at zero magnetic field (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Tobias Meng and Eran Sela We extend the coupled-wire construction of quantum Hall phases, and search for fractional topological insulating states in models of weakly coupled wires at zero external magnetic field. Focusing on systems beyond double copies of fractional quantum Hall states at opposite fields, we find that spin-... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 235425] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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  • 81
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    Self-organized electronic superlattices in layered materials (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Carmine Ortix, Carlo Di Castro, and José Lorenzana We show that in layered systems with electronic phase separation tendency, the long-range Coulomb interaction can drive the spontaneous formation of unidirectional superlattices of electronic charge in a completely homogeneous crystalline background. In this self-organized electronic heterostructure... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 241110] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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  • 82
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    Ultrafast high-fidelity initialization of a quantum-dot spin qubit without magnetic fields (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Jonathan D. Mar, Jeremy J. Baumberg, Xiulai Xu, Andrew C. Irvine, and David A. Williams We demonstrate the initialization of a single quantum-dot hole spin with high fidelity (lower bound 〉97%), on picosecond time scales, and without the need for magnetic fields. Using the initialization scheme based on rapid electric-field ionization of a resonantly excited exciton, this is achieve... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 241303] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
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  • 83
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    Resonating valence-bond physics on the honeycomb lattice (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Pranay Patil, Ishita Dasgupta, and Kedar Damle We study bond and spin correlations of the nearest-neighbor resonating valence bond (RVB) wave function for a SU(2) symmetric S=1/2 antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice. We find that spin correlations in this wave function are short ranged, while the bond energy correlation function takes on an ... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 245121] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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  • 84
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    Frustration and multicriticality in the antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): J. H. Pixley, Aditya Shashi, and Andriy H. Nevidomskyy The antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain has a venerable history and has been thought to be well understood. Here, we show that inclusion of both next-nearest-neighbor (α) and biquadratic (β) interactions results in a rich phase diagram with a multicritical point that has not been observed before. We stud... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 214426] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 85
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    Interplay of electron heating and saturable absorption in ultrafast extreme ultraviolet transmission of condensed matter (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Andrea Di Cicco, Keisuke Hatada, Erika Giangrisostomi, Roberto Gunnella, Filippo Bencivenga, Emiliano Principi, Claudio Masciovecchio, and Adriano Filipponi High intensity pulses obtained by modern extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray photon sources allows the observation of peculiar phenomena in condensed matter. Experiments performed at the Fermi@Elettra FEL-1 free-electron-laser source at 23.7, 33.5, and 37.5 eV on Al thin films, for an intermediate-f... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 220303] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Dynamics, dynamical systems, lattice effects
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  • 86
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    Topographic measurement of buried thin-film interfaces using a grazing resonant soft x-ray scattering technique (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Eliot Gann, Anne Watson, John R. Tumbleston, Justin Cochran, Hongping Yan, Cheng Wang, Jaewook Seok, Michael Chabinyc, and Harald Ade The internal structures of thin films, particularly interfaces between different materials, are critical to system properties and performance across many disciplines, but characterization of buried interface topography is often unfeasible. In this work, we demonstrate that grazing resonant soft x-ra... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 245421] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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  • 87
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    Systematic study of neutron-rich rare isotope production in peripheral heavy-ion collisions below the Fermi energy (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): P. N. Fountas, G. A. Souliotis, M. Veselsky, and A. Bonasera Detailed calculations of the yields of projectilelike fragments (with focus on the neutron-rich isotopes) are presented for the interaction of 86 Kr (15 MeV/nucleon) with 64 Ni, 58 Ni, and 124 Sn, 112 Sn, as well as 86 Kr (25 MeV/nucleon) with 124 Sn and compared with our recently published experimental da... [Phys. Rev. C 90, 064613] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
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  • 88
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    Isoscaling of heavy projectile residues and N/Z equilibration in peripheral heavy-ion collisions below the Fermi energy (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): G. A. Souliotis, P. N. Fountas, M. Veselsky, S. Galanopoulos, Z. Kohley, A. McIntosh, S. J. Yennello, and A. Bonasera The isoscaling of heavy projectile residues from peripheral heavy-ion reactions at 15–25 MeV/nucleon is employed to obtain information on the process of N/Z equilibration. Recent mass spectrometric data of projectile residues from the reactions of 86 Kr (15 MeV/nucleon) with 64,58 Ni and 124,112 Sn wer... [Phys. Rev. C 90, 064612] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
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  • 89
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    Cusps and pseudocusps in strings with Y-junctions (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Thomas Elghozi, William Nelson, and Mairi Sakellariadou We study the occurrence of cuspy events on a light string stretched between two Y-junctions with fixed heavy strings. We first present an analytic study and give a solid criterion to discriminate between cuspy and noncuspy string configurations. We then describe a numerical code, built to test this ... [Phys. Rev. D 90, 123517] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Cosmology
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  • 90
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    Particle-number projection method in time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory: Properties of reaction products (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Kazuyuki Sekizawa and Kazuhiro Yabana Background: The time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory has been successful in describing low-energy heavy ion collisions. Recently, we have shown that multinucleon transfer processes can be reasonably described in the TDHF theory combined with the particle-number projection technique. [Phys. Rev. C 90, 064614] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
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  • 91
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    Forces encountered by a sphere during impact into sand (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Sylvain Joubaud, Tess Homan, Y. Gasteuil, Detlef Lohse, and Devaraj van der Meer We describe direct measurements of the acceleration of an object impacting on a loosely packed granular bed under various pressures, using an instrumented sphere. The sphere acts as a noninvasive probe that measures and continuously transmits the acceleration as it penetrates into the sand, using a ... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 060201] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Granular Materials
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  • 92
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    Phase transitions and self-organization of Janus disks in two dimensions studied by Monte Carlo simulations (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): M. Borówko and W. Rżysko The phase behavior of Janus disks on a square lattice is studied using the Monte Carlo method. A particle is composed of two different parts, A and B. The interactions between neighboring particles depend on their orientations. To control the strength of the interactions, we use energy parameters ch... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 062308] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Colloids and Complex Fluids
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  • 93
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    Multiscale models of colloidal dispersion of particles in nematic liquid crystals (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): T. P. Bennett, G. D'Alessandro, and K. R. Daly We use homogenization theory to develop a multiscale model of colloidal dispersion of particles in nematic liquid crystals under weak-anchoring conditions. We validate the model by comparing it with simulations by using the Landau–de Gennes free energy and show that the agreement is excellent. We th... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 062505] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Liquid Crystals
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    Erratum: Soft wall model in the hadronic medium [Phys. Rev. D 84, 046007 (2011)] (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Chanyong Park, Do-Young Gwak, Bum-Hoon Lee, Yumi Ko, and Sunyoung Shin [Phys. Rev. D 90, 129902] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Errata
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  • 95
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    Numerical optimization using flow equations (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Matthias Punk We develop a method for multidimensional optimization using flow equations. This method is based on homotopy continuation in combination with a maximum entropy approach. Extrema of the optimizing functional correspond to fixed points of the flow equation. While ideas based on Bayesian inference such... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 063307] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Computational Physics
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    Novel Method for Incorporating Model Uncertainties into Gravitational Wave Parameter Estimates (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Christopher J. Moore and Jonathan R. Gair Posterior distributions on parameters computed from experimental data using Bayesian techniques are only as accurate as the models used to construct them. In many applications, these models are incomplete, which both reduces the prospects of detection and leads to a systematic error in the parameter... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 251101] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Gravitation and Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
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    Unidentified Line in X-Ray Spectra of the Andromeda Galaxy and Perseus Galaxy Cluster (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): A. Boyarsky, O. Ruchayskiy, D. Iakubovskyi, and J. Franse An x-ray feature recently detected by different astronomy groups may be the long-awaited signature of dark matter. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 251301] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Gravitation and Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
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    Exact Correlation Functions in SU(2) N=2 Superconformal QCD (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Marco Baggio, Vasilis Niarchos, and Kyriakos Papadodimas We report an exact solution of 2- and 3-point functions of chiral primary fields in SU(2) N =2 super-Yang-Mills theory coupled to four hypermultiplets. It is shown that these correlation functions are nontrivial functions of the gauge coupling, obeying differential equations which take the form of th... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 251601] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Elementary Particles and Fields
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 99
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    Active nematic materials with substrate friction (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): Sumesh P. Thampi, Ramin Golestanian, and Julia M. Yeomans Active turbulence in dense active systems is characterized by high vorticity on a length scale that is large compared to that of individual entities. We describe the properties of active turbulence as momentum propagation is screened by frictional damping. As friction is increased, the spacing betwe... [Phys. Rev. E 90, 062307] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Colloids and Complex Fluids
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 100
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    Plasma processing of large curved surfaces for superconducting rf cavity modification (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Author(s): J. Upadhyay, Do Im, S. Popović, A.-M. Valente-Feliciano, L. Phillips, and L. Vušković Plasma-based surface modification of niobium is a promising alternative to wet etching of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. We have demonstrated surface layer removal in an asymmetric nonplanar geometry, using a simple cylindrical cavity. The etching rate is highly correlated with the ... [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 17, 122001] Published Mon Dec 15, 2014
    Keywords: Radio Frequency Calculations and Technology
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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